Detecting Deception - A Bibliography of Counterdeception Across Time, Cultures, and Disciplines

DETECTING DECEPTION: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COUNTERDECEPTION ACROSS TIME, CULTURES, AND DISCIPLINES
Second Edition
by
Barton Whaley
editor: Susan Stratton Aykroyd
I have some few references to make. Sherlock Holmes in The Sign of the Four (1890), Chapter 2
Foreign Denial & Deception Committee Washington, DC March 2006
- W haley Bibliography -
April 10, 2006
It is with great pleasure that I present to you this impressive and comprehensive bibliography by Dr. Barton Whaley on the theory and practice of Counterdeception. Dr. Whaley has been an avid researcher and teacher of military-political deception studies and theories for nearly four decades. In this latest work, he has done a masterful job of sifting through the tens of thousands of sources on the subject, and selecting those works that make original contributions to useful theory and principles, as well as effective methods of detection and relevant case studies. This guide is most timely in that it coincides with the release of the National Intelligence Councils Foreign Denial & Deception Committees new strategy for the coming decade. This is more than a mere listing of sources: each entry includes his personal commentary, as well as an overall score for relevance. In so doing, Dr. Whaley has made a thoughtful attempt to advocate and point the researcher to a theory or specific method for consistently effective counterdeception. At the same time, this bibliography makes significant inroads toward breaking down traditional barriers between disciplines, which only enrich our understanding of deception and its detection. If we are to deal with deceivers, he writes, we must become good detectives. Therefore, we should not be surprised that some of the more important books and articles on cognitive and evolutionary psychology dealing with problem-solving and creative thinking are included. As a nation and a community of intelligence professionals, we must strive to reduce our vulnerability to strategic surprise, mistakes, and omissions across the spectrum of threats to national security due to foreign denial and deception. This will require innovative thinking on the part of intelligence analysts and collectors, and a renewed vigor in further studying and applying the best of counterdeception methods and analysis from across all disciplines. In Detecting Deception: A Bibliography of Counterdeception Across Time, Cultures, and Disciplines, Dr. Whaley has made a significant contribution to our task of better detecting and countering the myriad of deceptions directed against us. The specific evaluations and comments in this bibliography represent Dr. Whaleys personal views and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Government or the Foreign Denial and Deception Committee.
Dr. Lawrence K. Gershwin National Intelligence Officer for Science and Technology and Chairman, Foreign Denial and Deception Committee National Intelligence Council Office of the Director of National Intelligence
CONTENTS PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi INTRODUCTION: Perspectives on Deception and Counterdeception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii USERS MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv Search Tips for the CD Version Key to Ratings and Category Abbreviations LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi BIBLIOGRAPHY: A-Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 APPENDIX A: List of Exhibitions on Fakes, Deception, and Detection, 1878-present . . . . . 620 APPENDIX B: List of Conferences on Fakes, Deceptions, and Detection, 1915-present . . . 639 IN LIEU OF AN INDEX: Categories for computer search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656
- W haley Bibliography -v -
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
The First Edition of this work appeared in December 2005. It listed 2,146 books and articles. This Second Edition, published in May 2006, lists an additional 298 items. Moreover, most of the original items have been revised, mainly by enlarged annotations. Two appendixes have been added. These cover over 340 interdisciplinary public and semi-public exhibitions and conferences on fakes, deception, and detection that have been held over the past century. Most of these exhibitions and conferences produced published catalogs or reports that are described in the appendices. These are in addition to the titles in the main bibliography except the more important ones for which the reader is referred to the main bibliography. For the convenience of some users the CD Version has been formatted for a simple printout in standard book style. Consequently, several blank pages are inserted in the early parts to preserve the conventional recto-verso and odd-even pagination. This Bibliography represents my personal and sometimes even ruthlessly frank opinions and judgments. These do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Government or the Foreign Denial & Deception Committee.
- W haley Bibliography -v i-
INTRODUCTION: PERSPECTIVES ON DECEPTION AND ITS DETECTION
This book is designed to help achieve three goals: 1) To be the first standard guide to the literature on detection and intelligence analysis in general. 2) To point the reader to those specific writings most useful for analysis, research, development, teaching, or training. 3) To alert the reader to the main competing theories and methods used for analyzing mysteries, particularly where deception is present. To fulfill these goals this studys scope was extended in three directions to discover and mine fresh data and theory on detection and counterdeception. It explored aggressively across 143 normally separate disciplines and specialties and discovered dozens of useful theories and effective methods. However it also found that many of these were unwitting duplications of effortreinvented wheels, unnecessarily wasted efforts. It looked into various different cultural and social groupsand uncovered different values, priorities, and emphases. And it probed back through timeand found that newer wasnt always better. An unplanned fringe benefit of this work is that, in addition to its central topics of deception and counterdeception, it embodies the essential bibliographies of at least seven closely related major fields. These specialized fields are Intelligence Analysis, Counterintelligence, Forensic Science, Cognitive Psychology, Police Investigation, Surprise, and Political-Military Theory. This bibliography is more than a reference book. It has been designed as a tool to help us become better analysts of intelligence. And particularly so in the presence of deception. It introduces us to all the various techniques used by different types of professionals to solve mysteries. These analysts range from our own political-military intelligencers, through police detectives and forensic lab technicians, to those intelligencers of nature we call physicists and psychologists. It is a spinoff from an on-going study of over 143 types of analysts and detectives to discover which ones are more consistently successful and which of their analytical methods are most effective. Moreover, the focus of that study and this bibliography is on how best to detect deceptions directed against us. But if we are to deal with deceivers, we must become detectives. And we can do sobecause, as literary sleuth David Ketterer (1979), noted, An awareness of deception presupposes a detective ability. Lets Define Our Terms I define deception as any attemptby words or actionsintended to distort another person's or group's perception of reality. And to keep matters simple, a lie is any statement made with the intent to deceive. These definitions avoid confusion with mere misinformation, incomplete information, or the truth value of statements. But they do permit us to include the authorized lies and deceptions practiced with our knowledge and approval by stage actors, magicians, and poker players. Moreover, this definition gets around the worrisome problem of self-deception. Instead, for our present purpose, the target of a deception is not oneself but always another's mind. A TYPOLOGY OF PERCEPTION
- W h aley Bibliograph y -v ii-
This is a convenient model of perception. It avoids the common confusion between deception and self-deception by setting the latter to one side. Similarly, this typology distinguishes between otherinduced deceptions and the several types of self-induced irrational and psychopathological misperceptions identified by Lasswell (1930), Jervis (1976), Heuer (1982), and others The ideal deception makes the victim certain but wrong. Ideal detection reveals the truth behind the lie, the face beneath the mask, the reality under the camouflage. Good detection spares us from unwelcome surprises. Surprise? Its only in the mind of the victim. Surprise is simply the perception that something (an event and/or the process by which it changes) is happening contrary to expectations. If we have a weak understanding of ground truth and how it changes naturally as well as how our perceptions of it can be manipulated by others, well be often and greatly surprised. But, if we have a more-or-less accurate notion of events and processes well be seldom and little surprised. It is the detectives, the analysts job to understand these events and processes. Counterdeception? Counterdeception is merely convenient shorthand for "the detection of deception" and is now standard jargon among specialists in military deception. This useful term was coined in 1968 by Dr. William R. Harris during a brainstorming session with me in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Wed met through our shared curiosity about the role of deception in war. Harris was then Henry Kissingers graduate teaching assistant for the latters course on national security affairs at Harvard's Center for International Affairs; and I was working down the avenue as a research associate in communications at MIT's Center for International Studies. I wanted a single word to express the concept of detecting deception and had been toying with "counter-stratagem" when Harris, agreeing that this was both cumbersome and obscure, suggested "counter-deception" (as a specific type of counterintelligence). I got the word into print the following year1; and it soon became such commonly accepted jargon that, to use the lingo of linguists, it "closed", losing its hyphen. In recent years some intelligencers have extended this simple definition to include playback of an opponents detected deception, turning his detected deception against him. And even more recently, a few other intelligencers have further muddled matters by entirely excluding the detection phase and narrowing the meaning to just the playback part. So, while these new definitions parallel those given to counterintelligence, theyre unnecessary. I prefer the term triple cross its simpler and clearer. What Changes, What Doesnt Our geographical environments tend to change slowly. Our social and political systems and institutions shift back and forth. It is only our technologies that have advanced slowly in antiquity, more rapidly since the Renaissance, and faster and ever faster over the past two centuries. Intelligence analysts confront this most dramatically in the ever-growing volume of data, the increasing speed at which information is transmitted, the evolving technical sophistication of some communication systems, and the speed-up in long-distance transportation of personnel and materials. But is this Revolution or Evolution? Although we speak of the Information Revolution or the Revolution in Intelligence or the Revolution in Military Affairs with even greater awe than a recent generation did of the Industrial Revolution, we exaggerate. The rate at which new information is generated was already great enough by the early 1800s that not only new disciplines but entirely new sub-specialties had to be founded to cope. Thus biology didnt become a recognized specialty until 1819, psychiatry until 1828, and physicist until around 1840. But psychology doesnt change. Or, at most, imperceptibly over the past two or more millenniums through the slow creep of genetic mutation. The Greek atomist and Chinese Confucian philosophers, Italian politician Machiavelli, and English dramatist Shakespeare understood this
W haley (1969), 144. - W h aley Bibliograph y -v iii-
unchanging nature of human motives, emotions, perceptions, and misperceptions long before our modern evolutionary psychologists rediscovered it. Consequently, because deception is a psychological mind-game, it doesnt change. However, the technology used to communicate disinformation does change. The only other changes are in our theories of how deception works and our techniques for detecting deceptions. Interdisciplinary Synergy, or How Many Times Do We Have to Reinvent the Wheel? Specialization is one of the main consequences for scientific and intelligence analysts of increasing technological growth and elaboration. But, while the multiplication of specialties is one way to cope with the multiplication of information, it becomes dysfunctional unless the specialists communicate across their disciplines. For example, when around 1910 sociology split off a new field of rural sociology, the two fields began working somewhat independently of each other. As found by E. Katz (1960), this led to much duplication of research and unshared solutions until the 1950s when these two groups rediscovered their common interests and began to work together again on appropriate problems. The often self-limiting parochialism common among modern intelligence analysts can be similarly broken by seeking sturdier theories and more effective methods that have already been researched and developed in other seemingly remote disciplines. For example, we can more effectively identify, track, and target individuals and cells in criminal and terrorist groups by combining expert interrogators, intelligence analysts, mathematical graph theorists, social network (Small World) experts, and computer technicians. Generally, on how to detect deceptions, we have much useful theory to borrow from, among others, cognitive psychologists, forensic scientists, and epidemiologists; effective analytical methods from logicians, sociologists, art authenticators, and professional magicians; and casestudy data to mine from dozens of fields. Cross-Cultural Vistas Although basic individual human psychology remains unchanged from one generation to the next, our cultural and social relationships impose constraints on our values and behaviors. Intelligence analysts as much as invading armies ignore this at their peril. Here we need the knowledge of cultural anthropologists and sociologists such as Simons (2005). Mavericks are the Best Solvers of Mysteries In addition to the deceptions in our private lives and in the workplace, some of us have jobs where detecting deception is part of standard procedure military and political intelligence analysts, security officers versus spies, cops versus crooks, lawyers versus lying witnesses, auditors versus embezzlers, art collectors versus art fakers. I studied 143 different types of such professional detectives to discover how their methods may help the rest of us detect deception, to practice the art of "counterdeception". I began compiling this bibliography in the mid-1980s in parallel with researching and writing The Maverick Detective. By 1987 when it had reached 220 pages, the working title was merely descriptive Counterdeception: The Detection of Deception. I switched in the new prescriptive title when the research began to show that all consistently successful detectives in each of the dozens of separate disciples and specialties shared three qualities: 1) They are curiosity driven, so much so that they will persist well beyond regular hours, returning again and again until the mystery is solved. 2) They have a prepared mind, one loaded by experience and/or education with a large enough data base to quickly recognize and evaluate analogous situations. 3) They are intuitive, logical but through pursuing other than direct linear thinking. Moreover, the logic they following is, specifically, not the familiar Deductive or Inductive
- W h aley Bibliograph y -ix-
types, but that less trodden path which for the past 12 decades has been known to logicians and theoretical scientists as Retroduction (or Abduction). See particularly Eco (1984) and Haack (2003). Other scientists have called it variously The Method of Zadig, The Method, Inverse Probability, or my favorite, Retrospective Prophesy. This sounds like a contradiction in terms for anyone who thinks that any mystery has ever been solved or any deception ever detected by connecting the dots. In fact this is just projecting backward from an observed or reported effect (outcome) to its most probable cause (origin). This prime method of detection is not particularly rare. It is common among all theoretical physicists, most magicians, many mathematicians and medical diagnosticians, and some police detectives. It is, however, still too rare among intelligence analysts. Another finding of The Maverick Detective was that every breakthrough into the detection of deception can be traced to a single individual working alone, although often drawing directly upon specialized colleagues without having to go through bureaucratic channels. Does this mean that all intelligence analysts should be retrained in Retroduction? I think not. At most they only need be enough aware of that analytical technique to know when its time to pass a baffling puzzle to a counterdeception specialist. Absent a Retroductionist, most mysteries get solved anyway, solved by teams of detectives and analysts using straightforward methods. Cops and military intelligence analysts are usually able to solve some 90 to 95% of their mysteries by their routine methods. Its only the rare special cases that defeat them, the ones involving more-or-less sophisticated deceptions. Unfortunately, these tend to include the more highly consequential cases of surprisePearl Harbor, BARBAROSSA, the Battle of the Bulge, the Berlin Wall, the Yom Kippur War, the Sino-Soviet Split, 9/11, Iraqi non-WMD, etc., etc. Why This Bibliography? A bibliography is a list of sources relevant to a specified topic. Originally a list of books (from the Greek byblos) and other written sources, the word has expanded to encompass all written texts, visual presentations, and oral and other sound recordings. Most bibliographies simply record the works deemed relevant to one particular subject as a check-list for further research. A few others add a subject-oriented essay or more-or-less detailed annotations to make its list a true guidebook into the literature. This bibliography does all that and then goes a step beyond. It attempts to advocate and teach a viewpoint, a theory, a specific method for the consistently effective detection of deception. It is found in several disciplines where it goes under a variety of names. It has been called Incongruity Analysis by British and some American intelligence analysts since R. V. Jones (a physicist), Bill Harris (a lawyer), and Whaley (a methodologist and epistemologist). Theorists of humor and comedy refer to Incongruity Theory. Magicians call it Discrepancy Analysis. Scientists generally speak of Anomalies. But all these professions have built on older traditions. Thus, in 1880, the great British biologist T. H. Huxley dubbed it The Method of Zadig. And leading philosophers of science like Charles Peirce and Susan Haack call it Retroductive or Abductive Inference. This theory echoes in other seemingly unrelated disciplines. Thus did the founder of forensic science, Edmond Locard, introduce his Exchange Principle in 1920. Mathematician Von Neumann & economist Morgenstern published their Theory of Games (including the first theory of bluffing) in 1944. Mathematician Claude Shannon presented his brilliant signalsredundancy-noise Mathematical Theory of Communication in 1948, following it the next year with the first Theory of Cryptology. And that astonishingly successful Scottish medical diagnostician, Dr. Joe Bell, called it The Method when teaching it to his med students, including a 19-year-old named Doyle who, adapting it to detective fiction in 1887, created the worlds most famous fictional detective. And there are the followers. These include such familiar names as Oxford don Sir John Masterman, American physicist Richard Feynman, Italian semiotician Umberto Eco, and American psychologist & statistician David Schum. Altogether theyre an odd lot but youll find all their names and works in this bibliography. I call them the Optimists.
- W h aley Bibliograph y -x-
Opposing Theories of Intelligence Analysis: Optimists versus Pessimists Ive defined The Optimists above, and I advocate their position. We assert that political-military intelligence analysts not only solve most mysteries but can do so rather consistently even in the face of an opponents deliberate attempt to deceive. Indeed, we should expect, even welcome, being held responsible for our failures. In sharp contrast stand two groups that I call The Pessimists. The first group is the Philosophical Pessimists. These are the recently faddish group of anti-scientific Relativists. They arent relevant here because they offer no methodology for detecting deception. See criticisms in Weinberg (2001), Sokal & Bricmont (2001), Haack (2003), and Dawkins (2003), 47-53. The second group are the Practical Pessimists. They deserve serious and close attention because they are both partly correct and enormously influential. They take the position that intelligence analysts cant be expected to solve any but the simplest mysteries and never (except by random luck) when we are being deliberately misled or deceived. This position was first made explicit as the Wohlstetter Hypothesis in 1962 when Roberta Wohlstetter spelled it out in her brilliant analysis of the Pearl Harbor strategic surprise. Hers is a counsel of despair, telling us that surprise is inevitable because it is only by hindsight that we can distinguish the warning "signals" from the surrounding "noise." Wohlstetter quickly attracted supporters among analysts of military surprise, particularly strategic surprise. Among those cited in this bibliography are political scientists Robert Jervis (1968), Michael Handel (1969), Edward Luttwak (1975), Richard Betts (1978), Ephraim Kam (1988), and, unwittingly, James Wirtz (1989). Their mantras are Anyone can have 20-20 hindsight and Its easy to be a Monday morning quarterback. The flaw in this argument had long ago been solved not only in practice (with the Scientific Method) but in theory (Retroductive Inference). This is a perfect example of the need for cross-disciplinary fertilization. We political scientists could have saved ourselves and our readers much wasted time by having read some history and philosophy of the physical sciences, particularly the methods of inferential logic as covered here by Huxley (1880), Haack (2003), and Merton & Barber (2004). The Optimists versus Pessimists point of view is, of course, a matter of degree, a continuum ranging from extreme Optimism to extreme Pessimism. It would be reasonable for us to expect the distribution of advocates to fall along a conventional Bell Curve. However, surprisingly, they so far tend to cluster at the extremes in a kind of U Curve. Among the rare exceptions, who fall in the middle, are Ben-Zvi (1976), Hybel (1986), and Levite (1987). I predict that the future will see a shift toward a Flat Curve, as research builds a stronger data base, which I expect will support both schools of advocacy. Creative Analysis: Dots, Jigsaws, or Crosswords? The latest catchphrase among commentators on strategic surprise is connecting the dots. Based on a popular childs puzzle, it is a direct, simple, one-dimensional (linear) process of problem solving. By itself it can solve only the most obvious type of mystery. Less obvious types of mysteries, particularly those involving deception, can only yield to indirect forms of logical analysis. Thus most analysts use the jigsaw-puzzle analogy. Its a two-dimensional process involving pattern recognition of visual shapes. However, a few analysts such as Haack and Einstein, are more comfortable with a still higher level analogy, the crossword puzzle. This is because crossword puzzle solving is an indirect process of logical inference involving a three-dimensional pattern-recognition process of both visual shapes and verbal meanings. Consequently this bibliography includes the more important books and articles on cognitive and evolutionary psychology, particularly those on creative problem solving. Scope: Whats In, Whats Out Tens of thousands of books and articles have been published on the arts and sciences of detection, specifically in both the presence and absence of deception. This is a highly selective and annotated bibliography of 2,444 such items.
- W h aley Bibliograph y -xi-
This bibliography focuses on detection, all types of detection, particularly when complicated by deception, and covers such related and cross-cutting themes as surprise, self-deception, illusions, and similar dysfunctions of perception and cognition. It seeks to report all books & articles, regardless of language, that deal directly and extensively with this narrow subject and all that make original contributions to 1) useful theory & principles, 2) effective methods, or 3) relevant case examples. Even a few works of fiction have been included where they involve particularly clever or thought-provoking twists in detection. This work condenses my bibliographic ferreting during the past four decades on 143 different types of detectives. They range from political and military intelligence analysts; through arms control inspectors, police detectives, forensic scientists, psychotherapists, behavioral profilers, cryptanalysts, con artists, practical jokers, and joke writers; to such Spies of Nature as physicists. Physicists? Yes. I could name many, but Ill settle for the one whod been the finest deceiver and counter-deceiver in World War Two Dr. R. V. Jones, a British (specifically Welsh) world-class experimental physicist and practical joker. My research and this bibliography form the basis of my manuscript The Maverick Detective; or, The Whole Art of Detection (draft 2005). The wide-ranging cross-disciplinary approach in both that manuscript and this Bibliography was chosen because deception is a mind-game, an application of psychology found in every domain of human activity. And detection is a process of inference and discovery similarly found in all professions. Although the technologies available to each of these disciplines varies, the underlying mental tricks remain the same. Although aimed specifically at counterdeception, selected major or influential works on deception itself are included. These range from military deception, through con artistry, science fraud, and art forgery, to the art of conjuring. They have been included if they either enable us to better understand the intentions, planning processes, and vulnerabilities of the deceivers or, by reverse analysis, derive specific principles of detection or give broad insights about counterdeception. Only the more useful works are included in cases where large numbers exist, as for example with DNA fingerprinting for which 43 books were in print in English alone as we entered the year 2000. Or for the largely redundant textbooks of forensic and other scientific analyses. Foreign language works are included only if they employ some original method of detection, cover major local cases not otherwise available in English, or are internationally influential through being widely cited. Hundreds of other works of marginal interest or narrow focus that have been cited in full in the body of my The Maverick Detective text are not repeated here. The literature on detection has been surveyed by a few dozen published bibliographies. These are listed immediately following this Introduction. All have been screened for works suitable for inclusion here. In principle all of these thousands and no doubt tens of thousands of other specialized titles in the more than a hundred of the counterdeception fields surveyed in The Maverick Detective are candidates for inclusion here. While such a task is daunting, its feasible. I have myself scanned all the above listed works for suitable candidates. But, knowing that the great majority of these titles give obsolete or redundant information, I chose to limit this bibliography to works that met specific thresholds of theory, content, accuracy, source, and influence. This Second Edition ! Updates with the most recently published titles. ! Adds many more and enlarged annotations. ! Adds many reviews and critiques, particularly ones that raise controversial points or disagree with the authors highly personal judgments. ! Replaces obsolete or redundant editions with newer ones. ! Corrects errors brought to the attention of the author. ! Most entries receive more detailed category identifiers, adding the major disciplines
- W h aley Bibliograph y -xii-
and professional specialties & sub-specialties; about a dozen cultural settings, and its historical period from antiquity to the present. ! Adds two Appendices (A & B). It is intended that the Second Edition be definitive. Updates and additions of any overlooked books or articles or corrections of errors are planned as concise Supplements to be issued from time to time. To assure the highest quality, all readers of this Second Edition are invited to contribute to the Supplements. Suggested corrections and additions will be welcomed and considered. Contact : bartwhaley@alum.mit.edu.
- W h aley Bibliograph y -xiii-
USERS MANUAL The bibliographic section is arrayed alphabetically A-Z by author. This simple convention avoids the usual irrelevant and confusing separation between books and articles. It also intentionally avoids divisions by topical categories (such as Forensic Pathologists, Police Detectives, Photographic Analysts, Comedians, etc.) or chronological or geographical ones. I want the reader to appreciate by browsing that detection is a process that cuts across all disciplines, cultures, and eras. Instead, all closely related citations have been cross-referenced. Library or internet locations (LOC:) are given for most titles, particularly the harder-to-find ones. This is for the convenience of readers planning research on aspects of deception and detection. Most of these collections and holdings have been verified as still current. This is a major problem for the Internet, where items often get withdrawn quickly, often in weeks. This is in sharp contrast to libraries where attrition through theft, flood & fire, and deaccessioning (culling) tends to be measured in decades. Each of the following bibliographic entries has been rated on a 0-to-5 star basis. These ratings represent: a) my personal judgment in areas of specialization as with much of political & military intelligence, conjuring, and the history & philosophy of science plus strong data bases in parts of sociology and cognitive psychology; and b) my assessment based on my own weak knowledge of some other domains or non-English languages checked against peer reviews and summaries. Note that these stars have been assigned not for a works general excellence but only for its specific relevance to detection and deception. Consequently, certain otherwise widely recognized creative masterpieces such as those by English mathematician Alan Turing (1950), German political theorist Hannah Arendt (1963), and American Nobel physicist Luis Alvarez (1987) get only 2 or 3-star rating here. And, for those readers who seek a second opinion, I supplement my own judgments with reviews (marked REV:) by third parties of many of the more controversial books and articles. Throughout, I hew closely to the wise Owl of Minervas prime directive of Bibliography Include No Title Unless Personally Examined by You! This rule protects against the all too common practice among lazy researchers to sneakily copy-cat from previous bibliographies. Any exceptions to this rule (and this Bibliography has only 71) must come highly recommended by experts and have been explicitly labeled not seen, meaning that I have not yet personally examined them. Finally, at the end is placed a section titled In Lieu of an Index. This is a set of computersearchable lists of the main categories (FIELDS) represented in this Bibliography. Obviously, readers may also use the conventional word search feature. Acknowledgments My warm thanks the following staff of the Dudley Knox Library at the Naval Postgraduate School: Daryle Carlson, Irma L. Fink, Michaele Huygen, and Zooey Lober. Their efficiency and many courtesies have smoothed my library research, particularly in obtaining several hundred items on interlibrary loan and obtaining copies of over a hundred journal articles. A Note on Style Title-page rules! is the bibliographers style adopted here. This rule decides between those competing inconsistencies in spelling, diacritics, capitalization, and punctuation that nag editors and confuse readers. Thus the Anglicized George Polya of his books title page is kept in my bibliographic entry but is restored to its proper Hungarian form Gyrgy Plya in my biographical account of this remarkable mathematician. Similarly I copy the title pages as to which words are capitalized or not lower case being an old French and Italian convention now widely adopted by American and British book designers. If the title page doesnt specify, then the copyright page rules decisions about name of publisher, place of publication, name of publisher, and date of publication.
- W h aley Bibliograph y -xiv -
Search Tips for the CD Version To find specific areas of interest within this Bibliography, all items that are followed by a slash can be located and listed using the Adobe Reader (version 5.0 or above) search feature. Examples: 5-Star/ or 0-Star/ or R&D/ or 601/ or Media/ or HUMINT/ or China/ and so forth. The section In Lieu of an Index found at the end of the Bibliography is a complete list of search terms. Key to Ratings and Category Abbreviations Overall Score for Relevance Essential. Original theoretical concepts and/or psychological insights. A key reference work. Total 5-Star/: 38 titles iiii Very important. Major contributions to theory or methods. Total 4-Star/: 181 iii Broadly useful. Worth reading. Important reference or source work. Total 3-Star/: 747 ii Marginal. Usefulness strictly limited to background information on specific case studies, facts or cited points of theory. Fair reference. Total 2-Star/: 935 i Trivial. Not recommended for reference library. Total 1-Star/: 421 Irrelevant, inconsequential, entirely redundant, error-ridden, or hopelessly outdated. I include only those few works that deserve to be red-flagged because they exercise undeserved influence or are still widely cited. Total 0-Star/: 45 Unrated: Not seen by me but recommended by usually reliable sources. Total ?-Star/: 71 Forthcoming: Not yet published but announced. Total forthcoming: 6 TOTAL TITLES: 2,444 SUBJECTS: NOTE: Identifies relevance to Foreign Denial & Deception Committees focus areas. CL/ (Collection) A&P/ (Analysis & Production) R&D/ (Research & Development) CI/ (Counterintelligence) Training/ CURRICULUM FIELDS FOR DECEPTION CLASSES: NOTE: Identifies relevance to the Denial & Deception Advance Studies Programs (courses taught at the Joint Military Intelligence College). 600/ 601/ 602/ 603/ Introduction to Denial & Deception: History, Concepts, Issues & Implications Psychological/Cultural Aspects & National Security Decision Making Adversaries, Organizations, Activities, & Countermeasures Tradecraft, Tools, & Methodologies iiiii
- W h aley Bibliograph y -xv -
LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES Major bibliographies of intelligence that include a significant number of works on military and general deception are Harris (1968), Gunzenhuser (1968) with some 4,000 titles, Blackstock & Schaf (1978) with about 600, Constantinides (1983) with some 500, Cline & others (1983) with some 5,000 titles, Pforzheimer (1985), Rocca & Dziak (1985) with 518 titles on Soviet intelligence & security services, Petersen (1992) with 6,166 citations just on US intel, Lowenthal (1994) with 225 titles just on US intel, Peake (1996), Seymour (1996-1998), Calder (1999) with a whopping 10,369 items just in periodicals, Sheldon (2003) with about 800 titles just on intel in the ancient world, Clark (2000-2005 in progress), and Lancaster (2001-2005 in progress). On military-political deception alone we have Stanley (1985), Bryant (1985) with some 500 entries, Bjorge (1986) with 107 titles, D. N. Cruickshank (1986) with 337 titles by Soviet authors on Soviet deception, the US Army Military History Institute (1992), and Donnelly (2002). Cram (1993) has in-depth reviews of 18 key books on counterintelligence. Behrens (2002) lists 346 works on camouflage in war, nature, and art. Thorwald (1965) includes a 606-item bibliography on police detection history and methods and Vrij (2000) lists 435 books and articles on forensic lie detection methods. For expert legal testimony by psychologists and psychiatrists theres Ziskin (1995) with more than 2,000 references. On interrogation and confession we have Bryan (1997) with 406 titles. On magic tricks alone there were more than 6,000 books and pamphlets just in English in the Findlay Collection at the time of the owners death in 1973. The main bibliographies are Toole Stotts majestically cataloged two-volume A Bibliography of English Conjuring, 1581-1876 (1976/1978) with its 1,414 early titles and editions; Clarke & Blinds The Bibliography of Conjuring and Kindred Deceptions (1920) adds nearly 2,000 titles; and Gills Magic as a Performing Art (1976) adds another 1,066 for the period 1935 through 1975. For con games theres Nash (1976) with 109 books and 220 articles. Hoaxes are surveyed by Stein (1993) with about 850 titles (not counting the several duplicates scattered among his various topical categories). Fakery in the fine arts and the various techniques for its detection are wellrepresented by the bibliography of some 1,400 titles by Reisner (1950) plus a 1,835-item update by Koobatian (1987). Hyde (1998) gives 272 references on tricksters in folklore and world cultures. Meyer (1973) gives a 350-item one specifically on the illicit trade in art works and antiquities. Fraud and plagiarism in science are covered by LaFollette (1992) with 246 items and Grayson (1995 & 1996) with 230+151=381. For creativity we have Root-Bernstein (1999) with 414 titles. Bibliographic surveys on the theory of humor are in Greig (1923) with 363 titles, Chapman & Foot (1977) with about 800, Ruch (1998) with 1,041, and Shibles (2001) with over 1,000. Even some narrow sub-specialties have generated many publications. Thus Jenkins (1994) gives around 600 books & articles just on serial homicide, Robinson (1972) provides over 550 books and articles on optical illusion. Schweingruber (1983/1988) lists 407 on tree-ring dating and mentions an unpublished data bank of over 2,000 titles. Bodziak (1999) has 361 just on footwear impression evidence. Whitfield (2002) gives 325 on the faking of texts and paintings from the ancient Tun-huang caves of Chinese Central Asia. Yinon (1999) has 298 references on the detection and identification of explosives. Stewart (1979) gives 275 titles on forensic anthropology and within that field Spencer (1990) cites 518 on the Piltdown hoax alone. Greenberg & Kunich (2002) have 263 works on forensic entomology. Trr (1984) has 218 on forgery of antique sculpture. De Groot & Gobet (1996) list 148 titles on problem-solving in chess. Beavan (2001) gives 162 on fingerprinting. Lyons & Truzzi (1991) have 122 on psychic detectives. And Meehl (1954) lists 104 references on behavior prediction in psychotherapy.
- W h aley Bibliograph y -xvi-
BIBLIOGRAPHY -AAbagnale, Frank W., Jr. (1948- ), with Stan Redding ii Catch Me If You Can. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1980, 253pp. LOC: Monterey PL. PB reprint, New York: Broadway Books, 2000, 277pp. Autobiography of a world-class American con artist and impostor. How to run the con and how to get caught at it. A best-seller, it became the basis of the 2002 movie of that title directed by Spielberg and co-starring Leonardo Di Caprio and Tom Hanks. On con artistry see also Gibson (1927), Norfleet (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Goffman (1952), Campion (1957), Johnson (1961), Berton (1963), Stein (1973), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), McCormick (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), and Marlock (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/Biography/
Abbott, David P[helps] (1863-1934) iii Behind the Scenes with the Mediums. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company, Inc., 1907, vi+328pp. LOC: Congress; Oxford. 3th revised edition, 1909, vi+340pp. LOC: Congress; Florida State U; U of London. 5th revised edition, 1916, vi+340pp. Also in 1971 facsimile reprint. LOC: Stanford. This is the earliest book to give the real work on psychic fraud. Still well worth reading. Although the techniques used by psychics have changed, the basic principles of their deceptions and how to detect them havent. Highly rated by master magician Jeff Busby. Abbott had been inspired to take up conjuring by seeing a school-show performance of the Obedient Ball. Became a wealthy businessman and loan shark in the American Mid-West. An amateur magician who performed for invited guests in his private theater in his home, he perfected the Talking Teakettle in 1907 and invented the Talking Vase in 1909. For more on the detection of psychic fraud see Jastrow (1900), Tanner (1910), Marks & Kamman (1980), Gardner (1989), Baker & Nickell (1992), Wiseman & Morris (1995), Wiseman (1997), and Marks (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Psi/Fraud/
Abbott, John Reginald i Footwear Evidence: The examination, identification, and comparison of footwear impressions. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1964, ix+88pp. Edited by A. C. Germann. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. Sergeant Abbott had specialized in footwear ID with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A weak textbook, important to detection only for his Abbott Grid Plate Locator, which was a modestly improved (letter-number) version of the old Caus net that used plain ruled squares.
- W haley Bibliography -1-
For footprint ID see also Cassidy (1980), Hilderbrand (1995), and Bodziak (1999). For the closely related field of tire imprint evidence see McDonald (1989). FIELDS: 1-Star/Impressions/ID/
Abel, Alan (1930- ) ii The Confessions of a Hoaxer. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1970, xi+252pp. LOC: Los Angeles PL. Memoirs of one of Americas most famous creators of publicity hoaxes. In 1979 he faked his own death, thereby provoking an obit in the usually extra-careful New York Times. See also Moss (1977), 38-46; Stein (1993), 209-212. Abel, a musician, writer, and semi-professional hoaxer, was the subject of a recent documentary movie, Abel Raises Cain (2005). FIELDS: 2-Star/Hoax/
Abernathy, Charles M. (1941-1994), and Robert M. Hamm (1950- ) iiii Surgical Intuition: What It Is and How to Get It. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 1995, x+436pp. LOC: U of Nebraska Medical Center. On the scientific value of intuition in decision-making during surgery. Finds it is domainspecific but teachable through the study of surgical scripts. These are transcripts of highly experienced surgeons talking themselves through problems that arise during operations. These surgeons cut mostly intuitively, that is by nearly instant pattern recognition of previously known similar casesin much the same manner as do chess masters, an analogy the authors rightly credit to De Groot (1965 & 1996) and Simon (1973). I see this process as very closely analogous to intuition in all other forms of detection. See also Marrin (2005). The two co-authors began collaborating in 1991, combining their previously independent work on the role of intuition during decision-making in, respectively, surgery and clinical psychology. Dr. Abernathy (MD) is Professor of Surgery at the University of Colorado School of Medicine; Dr. Hamm (psychology PhD) is the Director of Clinical Decision Making at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine. REV: Hogarth (2001), 282, gives a positive critique. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 4-Star/Medicine/Intuition/ CLASSES: 601/
Abrahamsen, David, M.D. (1903-2002) i The Mind of the Accused: A Psychiatrist in the Courtroom. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983, 224pp. The Norwegian-born author was a prominent New York forensic psychiatrist and Freudian psychoanalyst who demonstrated a somewhat better than average detective ability. However, because he unwittingly reveals himself as far less perceptive than he portrays himself, Abrahamsens book shows that experience and alertness can compensate for large gaps in a detectives brain power. See also Brussel (1968) and Kirwin (1997). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychotherapy/Law/
Accum, Fredrick (1769-1838) iii A Treatise on Adulterations of Food, and Culinary Poisons. Exhibiting The Fraudulent Sophistications of Bread, Beer, Wine, Spiritous Liquors, Tea, Coffee, Cream, Confectionary, Vinegar, Mustard, Pepper, Cheese, Olive Oil, Pickles, and other Articles Employed in Domestic Economy. And Methods of Detecting Them. London: Longman, 1820, vi+269pp. Reprinted Philadelphia, 1820. Facsimile reprint 1966. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento. The first comprehensive English-language guide to the detection of the various ways to secretly adulterate and otherwise defraud the buyers of foods and drink. Today, two centuries later, all the products mentioned are familiar targets of fraud except, I presume, pickles. This book made many enemies for Accum because, citing court records, he openly named the crooked British merchants and importers of these misrepresented goods. These enemies forced this German chemist living in England to return to his native land. Accum also wrote books on scientific food cooking and wine making. FIELDS: 3-Star/Toxicology/Fraud/
Ackerman, Peter (ca.1947- ) ii "A Scheme for the Detection of Political Deception in the International System," Medford, MA: The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, June 1970, 96pp, typescript Master of Arts in Law & Diplomacy thesis. An early original and radical procedural model of counterdeception. Although I didnt find it useful in my own work, others might. Ackerman was then enrolled at Fletcher in my first course on deception planning. I wonder if his later remarkable careers in finance and the peace movement owed anything (positive or negative) to that course on Machiavellianism. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterdeception/Politics/
ACM IV Security Services ii Secrets of Surveillance: A Professional's Guide to Tailing Subjects by Vehicle, Foot, Airplane, and Public Transportation. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press, 1993, x+233pp. A practical text by America's second most infamous publishing house. This and the next title are important for their ability to keep focused on the gritty human and psychological components of surveillance rather than drifting off into the glamorous fantasy world of hitech sensors. See also Levchenko (1988) and Siljander (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Surveillance/Tracking/
iii Surveillance Countermeasures: A Serious Guide to Detecting, Evading, and Eluding Threats to Personal Privacy. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press, 1994, iv+188pp. LOC: Ball State U (Muncie, Indiana). The flip side of the above book, which is thereby rendered largely obsolete by the summaries (pp.11-32) of the principles and main practices of surveillance before moving onto its detection and further countermeasures. This is the best introductory text in the thin literature on this subject. Paranoid? Yes, but only for people who believe they live in a entirely open and free society. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surveillance/Tracking/
Adams, James L. ii Conceptual Blockbusting: A Guide to Better Ideas. Fourth Edition, Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus Publishing, 2001, x+220pp. LOC: BW3. A classic how-to of breaking through self-imposed mental blocks to our ability to think our way through problems to creative solutions. Most useful survey of alternative ways of thinking but overly promotes the dubious theory that we can greatly improve our creativity by certain mental exercises. The three previous editions appeared in 1974, 1979, and 1986. Other major but less respectable self-help manuals of alternative thinking include Osborn (1948) and De Bono (1967). Dr. Adams (1961 PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford) was on the Stanford engineering faculty from 1966 until retiring in 1999. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Adams, Larry C., CPA i Fraud in Other Words: Professional Jargon and Uncensored Street Slang. Phoenix, AZ: Larry C. Adams, revised to October 2005, 115pp, in loose-leaf binder format. LOC: BW3. A moderately useful and adequately sourced encyclopedic dictionary of 809 regional and international jargon terms used by fraudsters and fraud examiners. The authors lexicon originated in his columns of that title for FRAUD Magazine plus articles in other periodicals and newsletters aimed at professional fraud investigators. Adams is an American CPA and Certified Fraud Examiner in Phoenix, Arizona. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fraud/Dictionary/
Adams, Laurie (1942- ) ii Art Cop: Robert Volpe, Art Crime Detective. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1974, 240pp. LOC: NYU. In 1971 detective Volpe (born 1942), painter and New York cop for nine years, was the natural pick to found and head the NYPDs small Art Identification Team, popularly known as the art squad although at times only a 1-person squad. He left the NYPD in 1982 to become a private consultant on art security. On Volpe see also Esterow (1988). On art theft generally see also McLeave (1981), Watson (1983 & 1997), Conklin (1994), Spiel (2000), and Dolnick (2005). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Police/Biography/
Aggrawal, Anil (Editor-in-Chief) iii Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. New Delhi, India: Vol.1, No.1 (Jan-Jun 2000) - Vol.6, No.2 (Jun-Dec 2005) - in progress. LOC: Internet; CD. A twice-yearly online publication of articles, reviews, and interviews. Useful, readable, and reliable, except for a tendency toward being too polite when dealing with the faults of works reviewed or the scientists interviewed. Dr. Aggrawal is Professor of Forensic Medicine at the Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi. FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/Medicine/Toxicology/Periodicals/
Agrell, Wilhelm (1950- ), Bo Huldt (1941- ) (editors) ii Clio goes spying: Eight Essays on the History of Intelligence. Malm: Scandinavian University Books, 1983, 213pp. LOC: Congress; Washington State U. Eight papers by nine international specialists, the most relevant to deception being the fine essay by Daniel & Herbig (1983). This collection was an outgrowth of a conference, The History of Intelligence, held in Lund in 1979 to celebrate retirement from the university that year of Dr. Stevan Dedijer. Both Mr. Agrell and Dr. Huldt are Swedish historians at Lund Universitys Department of History. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Aid, Matthew M. (1958- ), Cees Wiebes (1950- ) (editors) iii Secrets of Signals Intelligence during the Cold War and Beyond. London: Frank Cass, 2001, xi+350pp. LOC: NPS. A collection of ten useful articles by eight specialists. See also Bamford (2001). REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.26, No.2 (Apr 2002). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Collection/ 3-Star/SIGINT/ CLASSES: 603/
Aiken, Lewis R., [Jr.] (1931- ) i Psychological Testing and Assessment. 11th Edition, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2003, xv+528pp. LOC: Pacific U. The standard reference work, first published in 1971. To my surprise, none of the tests that I judge relevant to deception or its detection are included. See also Anastasi (1997). Dr. Aiken was at Pepperdine U in California. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/Methodology/
Air Mobility Command AMC Military Deception Awareness. Scott AFB, IL: USAF, Air Mobility Command Pamphlet 10-703, 18 Dec 2002, 17pp. LOC: BW3; www.e-publishing.af.mil. An unhelpful piece of bureaucratic papering. Its referral for details to a work titled Military Deception Course Study Guide seemed promising until I discovered that no further ID was provided among the many references. FIELDS: 0-Star/
Aitken, Martin J. SEE: Taylor & Aitken (1997).
Akehurst, Lucy, Ray Bull, Aldert Vrij, and Gnter Khnken iii The Effects of Training Professional Groups and Lay Persons to use Criteria-Based Content Analysis to Detect Deception, Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol.18, No.7 (2004), 877891. LOC: BW (copy). The authors write, "... this experiment was designed to assess, for the first time, the effects of training police officers, social workers, and students in Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) in an attempt to increase lie detection accuracy." Their conclusions: CBCA training didnt increase the accuracy of lie detection. Training did increase subjects' confidence in their judgments, although these were often wrong. Dr. Akehurst is Senior Lecturer at the International Centre for Forensic Psychology at the University of Portsmouth, England. Her PhD dissertation in psychology was Deception and Its Detection in Children and Adults via Verbal and Nonverbal Cues (1997, U of Portsmouth). Dr. Ray Bull (D.Sc) was Professor of Forensic Psychology at Portsmouth (later that year to the University of Leicester). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: R&D/Training/ CLASSES: 603/ 3-Star/Police/Lying/Counterdeception/Content/
Khnken (1987) Memon, Vrij, & Bull (1998) Mann, Vrij, & Bull (2004) Vrij, Akehurtst, Soukara, Bull (2004)
Alcala, Robert W. iii Effective Operational Deception: Learning the Lessons of Midway and Desert Storm. Newport, RI: Naval War College, Joint Military Operations Department, Feb 1995, 22pp. LOC: BW (copy); NPS; Marine Corps U; US Naval Academy. Points out that both the Japanese and the Coalition broke the Economy of Force rule when in 1942 the Japanese at Midway diverted too many carriers to their feint toward the Aleutians and when in 1991 the Coalition tied up an entire US Marine division for a coastal feint when a much smaller force might have sufficed. LCDR Alcala (USN) wrote this report for the Joint Military Operations Department of the Naval War College. SUBJECT: FIELDS: Training/ 3-Star/Deception/ CLASSES: 600/603/
Aldington, Richard (1892-1962) i Frauds. London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1957, 244pp. Seven notable English fraudsters, impostors, and hoaxers from Elizabethan to modern times. An early but now largely superceded study. See also Sergeant (1923) & Rosenblum (2000). Aldington was an English poet, novelist, and literary scholar. His reputation and income dropped dramatically upon the publication in 1955 of his biography of Lawrence of Arabia, whom he portrayed (in general accurately) as a self-serving fabricator of his own heroic legend. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fraud/
Aldrich, Richard J. (1961- ) ii The Hidden Hand: Britain, America, and Cold War Secret Intelligence. London: John Murray, 2001, xv+733pp. Facsimile reprint Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2002. LOC: NPS; LSE. See particularly p.646 for Note by John Drew for Chiefs of Staff and SIS, 24 Nov. 1949" titled TOP SECRET/FUTURE DECEPTION POLICY, which deals with the forming, rationale for, and goals of, a post-war Deception organization. Aldrich is a prominent writer on diplomatic and intelligence history and the Professor of Politics at the University of Nottingham, England. REV: Anne Deighton in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.17, No.1 (Spring 2002), 170-173. Highly favorable. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Alexander, Bevin iii How Great Generals Win. New York: Norton, 1993, 320pp. Facsimile reprinted in PB (1995). LOC: BW. A keen analysis, although the author owes far more to Liddell Hart (1954) than he acknowledges or, perhaps, even knows. Alexander, a graduate of the Citadel and Northwestern U, was a decorated U.S. Army combat historian in the Korean War. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 3-Star/Military/Biography/ CLASSES: 600/
ii How Wars Are Won: The 13 Rules of War From Ancient Greece to the War on Terror. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2002, vii+400pp. LOC: BW. A somewhat different take on the same theme as Alexanders previous book. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/Terrorism/
Alexander, James, and Jonathan [M.] Smith iii Engineering Privacy in Public: Confounding Face Recognition, Roger Dingledine (editor), Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Third International Workshop, PET 2003, Revised Papers (Dresden: Springer-Verlag, 2003), 88-106. LOC: BW (copy). A status report of a research program sponsored by ONR/DARPA designed to counter DARPAs Human ID at a Distance (HID) program to develop automated biometric identification technologies to detect, recognize and identify humans at great distance. (Think Osama bin Laden.) See also Mendez (1999 & 2002). Both authors were with University of Pennsylvanias Department of Computer and Information Science where Smith was a professor. Dr. Smith (1989 PhD from Columbia) is an electrical engineer whod previously been with the Bell Labs and had several grants from DARPA. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 3-Star/ID/ CLASSES: 603/
Alford, William P. i To Steal a Book Is an Elegant Offense: Intellectual Property Law in Chinese Civilization. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995, ix+222pp. LOC: NPS. On the history of Chinese copyright and patent law. Shows that from the traditional Chinese viewpoint, emulation, even outright plagiarism, often counts as much as originality. Dr. Alford (1977 JD, Harvard) is a law professor at Harvard. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 1-Star/Plagiarism/Law/
Alcock, John (1942- ) ii An Enthusiasm for Orchids: Sex and Deception in Plant Evolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, xi+302pp. LOC: San Diego State U. A study of how the hammer orchid lures the thynnine wasp by secreting odors simulating a female wasp. Dr. Alcock (1969 PhD, Harvard), an enthusiastic sociobiologist, teaches evolutionary biology at Arizona State University. FIELDS: 2-Star/Evolution/Biology/
Allbeury, Ted (1917- ) ii Consequence of Fear. London: Granada, 1979, 190pp. LOC: Trinity College (Dublin). A novel of espionage. A bright extrapolation of the type of political-military role-playing games pioneered by the British F.O.E.S. in WW II and the RAND-MIT and SAGA simulations since the late 1950s. This is a switch in the role-playing theme that Allbeury had first introduced in a previous thriller, The Man with the Presidents Mind (1977). Aside from some trivial background howlers about USIA and the Yellow Pages plus a gratuitous ending, Consequence of Fear is a worthy novel, realistically deep in its psychological renderings of the several main characters. Theodore Allbeury is one of the better (and more prolific) writers of espionage fiction. Hed served in the British Army Intelligence Corps, 1939-47, specializing in counterintelligence and rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Afterwards he went successively into advertising, farming, radio station managing & disc-jockeying. Then since 1970 he turned to almost full-time writing of moderately successful spy novels (49 of them by 2004) plus a sideline as a public relations consultant in Kent where hed settled down. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 2-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/
Allen, Anthony J. (1948- ) iii Allens Authentication of Later Chinese Porcelain, 1796 AD - 1999 AD. Auckland, New Zealand: Allens Enterprises Ltd, 2000, 264pp with 483 illustrations. LOC: British L; Oxford. Best work on how to distinguish genuine from fake Chinese ceramics made during the Manchu Dynasty and after. Supplements Allens Introduction to Later Chinese Porcelain (1996, 222pp). A. J. Tony Allen is a prominent collector in New Zealand and, until 1999, dealer
in Chinese antiquities. That he has such a keen appreciation for judging the genuine article from the fake, by identifying their respective congruities and incongruities, may owe much to his full-time profession as a forensic accountant. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/China/Pottery/
iii Allens Authentication of Ancient Chinese Bronzes. Auckland, New Zealand: Allens Enterprises Ltd., 2001, 171pp. LOC: Princeton; Columbia College; Oxford. Best work on how to distinguish genuine from faked old Chinese bronzes, which, until Allen, was the least studied and understood of all the major Chinese antiquities. That dishonor, Id say, should now go to Chinese jades. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/China/Art/
Allen, George W. (1926- ) iii None So Blind: A Personal Account of the Intelligence Failure in Vietnam. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001, xiv+296pp. LOC: NPS. Memoirs of an American intelligence analyst who had served in that capacity for, successively, the US Army, the DIA, and the CIA until retiring in 1979. A perceptive and scathing account of the rampant political and personal distortions and indeed outright PR fakery of intelligence during the Vietnam War. He even partly defends Samuel Adams for his extreme view of the Pentagons ever-optimistic estimates. See particularly Chapter 11 (The Public Opinion Campaign) and Chapter 12 (Counting the Enemy). REV: James J. Wirtz in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.15, No.3 (Fall 2002), 460-463. Blames the bitter failures of both Allen and Adams on their naive view of office politics. I agree when Wirtz concludes that Americans usually ignore distant peoples in distant lands until it is too late. But he omits the other and arguably more important charge, namely that commanders at all levels, in or out of uniform, are professionally irresponsible to treat order-of-battle and other Operations Research math as negotiable political chips. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.47, No.3 (2003), concludes that, If the reader can only read one book about the problems of strategic intelligence in Vietnam, make it None So Blind. I agree. REV: Journal of Intelligence History, Vol.4, No.2 (Winter 2004). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/INTEL-analysis/ CLASSES: 602/
Allen, James iii Inference from Signs: Ancient Debates about the Nature of Evidence. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001, x+279pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. A detailed reconstruction of the development by classical Greek and Roman philosophers of inferential analysis. Concludes importantly (pp.250-252) by crediting the medical Empiricists with the breakthrough notion that rough statistics apply to evaluating associated items of (medical) evidence by their frequency, specifically in four levels of frequency: always, for the most part, half the time, and rarely. This marked a major advance over the previous notion of the Rationalist physicians that tended to a rigid
either-or model of diagnosis and prescription. On inference in general see also Robertson & Vignaux (1995), Twining & Hampsher-Monk (2003), and Lipton (2004). Dr. James V. Allen (1988 Princeton PhD in Philosophy) is a Professor of Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh where he has taught since 1987. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Medicine/
Allen, Steve (1921-2000) i How To Be Funny: Discovering The Comic You. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987, 290pp. Written with Jane Wollman. PB reprinted 1998. LOC: BW Contrary to its title, not a how to book. Theory is disappointingly limited to taxonomy, including even Chapter 3 (Constructing Jokes by Formula, pp.18-54) although it comes the closest of Allens many previous joke books. A much better how to joke book is Helitzer (1987) but the best is Allen (1993). Allen, an American radio and TV comic, is best remembered as the founding host of the popular late night TV Tonight Show, 1954-1957. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
iiii Make Em Laugh. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1993, 339pp. Allens further, best, and last thoughts on humor theory. Incongruity reigns throughout. His summary (pp.25-30) of six construction devices or formulas all involve the manipulation of incongruities. Of his 41 previous books, only this one was intended as a companion volume to the above. The only other comprehensive theories of humor are by Hazlitt (1819); Leacock (1916, 1935, 1937), which is the only one by a professional humorist; Morreall (1983); and Raskin (1985). Weaker theories of humor are by Freud (1905), Greig (1923), Eastman (1936), Arieti (1950), Rapp (1951), Swabey (1961), Goldstein & McGhee (1972), Apte (1985), Helitzer (1987), and Goel & Dolan (2001). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Allen, Thomas B. iiii War Games: The Secret World of the Creators, Players, and Policy Makers Rehearsing World War III Today. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987, viii+402pp. LOC: NPS. The first and still best survey of war-gaming as a tool for sensitizing or training personnel or policy testing of strategic military scenarios. Covers the history and the various techniques, from sand-table and field exercises to the modern RAND-MIT role-playing games and computer simulations. His accounts of the many games I helped design and manage at MIT under Bloomfield and CSIS under Kupperman in the 1960s and 70s are generally accurate. I was particularly pleased by the many criticisms from experts that he interviewed. Allen is a former American journalist who became a prolific free-lance writer, especially on military subjects. SUBJECTS: Training/ FIELDS: 4-Star/Gaming/Methodology/ SEE ALSO: Polmar & Allen (2004)
CLASSES:
603/
Allenby, Field-Marshal (1861-1936) SEE: Wavell (1940/43) Allison, Ralph B., M.D. (1931- ) i Cognitive Interviewing: A Critical Evaluation, Newsletter of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, Mar 1996. LOC: http://www.dissociation.com/index/published/COGINT.TXT. A critique of Fisher & Geiselman (1992) by the second-most ridiculous of the California psychiatrists involved in the 1970s-80s case of the Hillside Stranglers. See also Memon & Bull (1998) and Kebbell & Wagstaff (1999). FIELDS: 1-Star/Interrogation/
Allport, Gordon W. (1897-1967), and Leo Postman iiii The Psychology of Rumor: How a Rumor Starts, Travels & Can be Recognized. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1947, xiv+247pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Loma Linda U. This book is the seminal socio-psychological theory of how rumors become distorted during their diffusion, namely through leveling, sharpening, and assimilating. After more than a half century still a fine overall analysis of the subject. This Allport-Postman model can be generalized to explain much of the distortion that occurs in all chains of information-flow from person to person to person, particularly by word-of-mouth. See also Rapoport & Rebhun (1952) and Buckner (1965). This book importantly stimulated the Small World theory of Pool & Kochen (1958), which led directly to the work by Whaley & Schuler (1961) and thence indirectly to the now famous studies by Milgram (1967), Watts (1998, 1999, 2003), Gladwell (2000), and a flurry of others. Dr. Allport (1922 Harvard PhD), a distinguished American social psychologist, was a Professor of Psychology at Harvard. Dr. Postman was then an Instructor in Psychology at Harvard who later moved to UC-Berkeley. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/601/603/ 4-Star/HUMINT/Psychology/Networks/Diffusion/
Al-Simadi, Fayez A. ii Detection of deceptive behavior: A cross-cultural test, Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, Vol.28, No.5 (Wellington, NZ: 2000), 455-461. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Authors experiment (with 40 Jordanian and 32 Malaysian students at Yarmouk University in Jordan) found that lies can be detected across cultures from both audio and visual clues. Dr. Al-Simadi is an Assistant Professor of Social Psychology at the Jordanian University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cultures/Deception/
Alterman, Eric i When Presidents Lie: A History of Official Deception and Its Consequences. New York: Viking, 2004, ix+447pp. LOC: Monterey PL. A survey and analysis of American presidential lying from FDR to G. W. Bush. Of value here only because there are so few scholarly books devoted to analyzing deception in
politics books that arent just whining partisan accusations or propaganda. Alterman, an historian and journalist, is a Professor of English at CUNY. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Altick, Richard D. (1915- ) i The Scholar Adventurers. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1950, 338pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW. An interesting but amateurish look at bookish sleuthing. Includes Carter & Pollards exposure of Thomas J. Wises forged books and pamphlets. See also Carter & Pollard (1934), Grebanier (1965), and Whitehead (1973). Dr. Altick was an American professor of English. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
Alvarez, Luis W. (1911-1988) ii Alvarez: Adventures of a Physicist. New York: Basic Books, 1987, xii+292pp. Autobiography of the American 1968 Nobel Laureate in Physics. See particularly Chapter 14 (Scientific Detective Work), 237-250. FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/
Ames, Roger T. (1947- ), and Wimal Dissanayake (editors) iii Self and Deception: A Cross-Cultural Philosophical Enquiry. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996, vii+373pp. LOC: Oxford. A collection of 16 articles by as many philosophers examining evidence from Western, Chinese, Japanese, and Indian cultures. Dr. Ames is a philosopher specializing in Chinese thought and culture. Although self-deception is only marginally related to theories of deception by others (other deception) and its detection, the subject must be addressed if for no other reason than to set it aside. Because of its long-standing interest to psychoanalysts, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, and psychologists, as well as philosophers, the subject has generated a literature distinguished more for smoke than light. I have chosen this book because, despite some silliness (as Ch.11), it is generally one of the few solid examples and takes a fresh skeptical look and, for the first time, a much-needed crosscultural one. See also Lockard & Paulhus (1988) and Mele (2001). CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 601/ 3-Star/Self-deception/Cultures/ Sun Tzu for Amess edition and translation.
Analoui, Dr. Farhad (1949- ), and Professor Andrew Kakabadse Sabotage: How to recognise and manage employee defiance. London: Mercury, 1991, 176pp. Very weak on the detection side. Dont waste your money on this pretend how to. Most books of this type intend to advertise their authors consulting skills without giving away any real tricks of the trade, even generously assuming they know any. The authors are, respectively, an organizational psychologist and a management specialist. FIELDS: 0-Star/Sabotage/
Anastasi, Anne (1908-2001), and Susana Urbina ii Psychological Testing. 7th Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997, xiii+721pp. The standard guidebook to the hundreds of diagnostic and prognostic tests most often used by psychologists and psychotherapists. The first edition appeared in 1954. Now largely superceded by Aiken (2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
Anderson, B[asil] W[illiam] (1901-1984), revised by E. A. Jobbins ii Gem Testing. 10th edition, London and Boston: Butterworths, 1990, ix+390pp. LOC: Oxford. How to test gemstones to detect the real, the synthetic, and the enhanced. A standard jewelers manual since its 1st edition in 1942. Not quite as up-to-date on the newer synthetics but much more clearly written than ODonoghue (1997). FIELDS: 2-Star/Jewels/
Anderson, Ross J. (1956- ) (editor) iii Information Hiding. Berlin: Springer, 1996, viii + 350pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford. A collection of 26 articles by over 50 contributors that represent the Proceedings (strictly refereed) of the First International Workshop on steganography, which had been held in Cambridge, 30 May-1 Jun 1996. The organizer, Dr. Anderson, intentionally drew together experts from four hitherto separate and non-intercommunicating disciplines concerned with concealing information: 1) watermarking digitalized intellectual property to prove copyright; 2) maintaining privacy in such communications as online voting or banking; 3) computer security to thwart leakage by virus to unauthorized parties; 4) steganography to conceal the very existence of a message. See also Katzenbeisser & Petitcolas (2000) and Wayner (2002). Dr. Anderson has his PhD from Cambridge U where he is a lecturer in the Computer Laboratory. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/COMINT/ CLASSES: 603/
________, Fabien A. P. Petitcolas iii On The Limits of Steganography, IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, Vol.16, No.4 (May 1998), 474-482. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Readable explanation of the theoretical and practical limitations on any efforts to hide the very presence of messages, stenography being the counterpart of cryptography where the presence of messages are overt but not readable. See also Wayner (2002). Petitcolas is a French computer scientist at Cambridge who specializes in robust information hiding systems. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/COMINT/Cryptology/ CLASSES: 603/
Andrn, Arvid (1902-1999) Arkeologins Marodrer [Archaeological Marauders]. Gteborg, Sweden: Paul strms Vrlag, 1983, 122pp. LOC: Getty; Cambridge U. ii English translation, revised and enlarged, as Deeds and Misdeeds in Classical Art and Antiquities. Partille, Sweden: Paul strm, 1986, 176pp. LOC: U of N. Florida; Cambridge. On our distorted views about ancient Greek and Roman artifacts due to widespread forgery, theft, faulty restoration, and destructiona good point made earlier by Ashmole (1961). FIELDS: 2-Star/Archaeology/Greece/Rome/
Andrew, Christopher (1941- ) i Churchill and Intelligence, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.3, No.3 (Jul 1988), 181193. Reprinted in Handel (1989), 181-191. On Winston Churchill as a consumer of Intel. See also Stafford (1999). Andrew is Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at Cambridge University where he has been since 1967. He has recently been appointed official historian of Britains M.I.5 security servicehis authorized history of M.I.5 being scheduled for publication in 2009. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL-consumer/Biography/
i For the Presidents Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush. New York HarperCollins Publishers, 1995, xii+660pp. American presidents as consumers of intelligence. See also Andrew (1988), Jones (1988), and Handel (1989). REV: Mark R. Shulman in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.11, No.1 (Jan 1996), 187-188. Calls it the best survey to date of the history of American strategic intelligence. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL-consumer/
iii Intelligence Analysis Needs to Look Backward Before Looking Forward, History & Policy (Jun 2004). LOC: BW (copy). Argues persuasively that both main schools of Intel analysts are mistaken about prophesying the future. The conservatives assume that because weve seen it all before (nothing new under sun) no changes in organization or methods are needed. Conversely, the radicals assume that the world is so completely new that all old structures & methods should be discarded. Seizing the middle-ground, Prof. Andrew asserts, We should be foolish at the beginning of the 21st century not to attempt to learn from our past successes as well as our past failures. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/INTEL-analysis/ CLASSES: 600/
Anglo, Sydney (1934- ) iiii The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000, ix+384pp. LOC: Salinas PL. Although the first, this is nevertheless a comprehensive and superbly illustrated survey of the early literature on the martial arts in Europe. Dr. Anglo was a professor of history at the University of Wales. FIELDS: 4-Star/Sports/
Annan, Noel (1916-2000) ii Changing Enemies: The Defeat and Regeneration of Germany. London: HarperCollins, 1995, xii+265pp. Perceptive memoirs of a British junior military intelligence analyst in WW II London. However, I suspect he adjusted some of his memories to fit hindsight. See also Hunt (1966). REV: Thomas Powers in New York Review of Books, 9 Jan 1997. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Anolli, Luigi, Rita Ciceri, and Giuseppe Riva (editors) ii Say not to Say: New Perspectives on Misrepresentation. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2001. LOC: BW (copy of Ch.3); Congress. Important but weak. The most interesting yet disappointing part is Chapter 3: "Deceptive Miscommunication Theory (DeMiT): A New Model for the Analysis of Deceptive Communication". Chapter 7 is Attardo (2001). Prof. Anolli is a psychologist at the Catholic University of Milan, Italy. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterdeception/
Apte, Mahadev L. iii Humor and Laughter: An Anthropological Approach. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,1985, 317pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. The most detailed cross-cultural study of humor. Pretty much accepts the Incongruity Theory. See also Provine (2000). Dr. Apte, an Indian, was a cultural anthropologist at Duke University. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Humor/Cultures/
Archimboldo, Giuseppi (1527-1593) SEE UNDER: Seckel (2003) Arendt, Hannah (1906-1975) iii Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York: Viking Press, 1963, 275pp. Reporting for The New Yorker magazine, Arendt covered the 1961 trial in Jerusalem of SS Obersturmbannfhrer Adolf Eichmann. As a Nazi SS bureaucrat hed spent long hard hours from 1942 into 1945 doing the arduous paper work and coordination planning
required to meet the rigorous schedules and quotas for dispatching Jews, Gypsies, and male homosexuals to the extermination factories. Concerned by the horrors of the slaughter house endured by the camp workers during the conduct of their orders, he personally devised and introduced quicker and less messy techniques of slaughter hence the Zyklon-B gas chambers. Arendts articles and subsequent book proved deeply disturbing. Some Jewish intellectuals could not accept her thesis that the true horror of Eichmann was simply that he had, as he claimed, been following orders unthinkingly, conscientiously, efficiently, with no feelings of hatred for his victims or of guilt for his key role in their murder. These critics were more comfortable believing that Eichmann was somehow inherently evil it disturbed them to think that many ordinary normal persons, perhaps even someone rather like themselves, could be led to commit such monstrously evil actions. They overlooked the consequence of their belief if Eichmanns evil was inherent, then he should not be held responsible much lest punished for his evil acts but merely imprisoned until he could be rehabilitated. Conversely, Arendt held him fully responsible and supported the Israeli courts death sentence. Her book fits this Bibliography because her thesis based on the single case study of Eichmann foreshadowed, and has been largely vindicated, by the experimental researches of Milgram (1963) and Zimbardo (2003). A German secular Jew, Arendt had studied philosophy under Heidegger and Jaspers, taking her doctorate under the latter in 1928 at Heidelberg. Rejecting the label of philosopher, she referred to herself as a political theorist. Forbidden to teach by the new Nazi regime, she left Germany in 1933. Moving first to France and then, following the German occupation of France, she escaped detention as an enemy alien in 1940 and fled in 1941 to the USA. In 1959 she became the first female on the Princeton faculty to be appointed full professor. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Biography/
ii Truth and Politics, in Hannah Arendt, Between Past and Future (New York: The Viking Press, 1968), 227-264. LOC: BW (copy). FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Lying in Politics: Reflections on the Pentagon Papers, The New York Review of Books (18 Nov 1971). iii Reprinted in Hannah Arendt, Crises of the Republic (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.,1972), 1-47. LOC: NPS. FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/
Aries, Robert S[ancier] (1919- ) ii Les Faux dans la Peinture et lExpertise Scientifique. Monte-Carlo: Prochim, 1965, 103pp. Preface by Robert Hauert. LOC: Getty; Smithsonian. On the application of advanced scientific techniques to the authentication of paintings plus a listing of European scientific authenticators. Aries was a former Professor of the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute and the University of Geneva. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/
Arieti, Silvano (1914-1981) ii New Views on the Psychology and Psychopathology of Wit and of the Comic, Psychiatry, Vol.13 (1950), 43-62. LOC: BW (copy). Dr. Arietis initial views on the crucial role of similarity or analogy in humor, a fruitful line of thinking he pursued thereafter. Arieti was an Italian-born psychiatrist (and later psychoanalyst) practicing and teaching in New York City. FIELDS: 2-Star/ Humor/
iii Creativity: The Magic Synthesis. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1976, 448pp. A useful survey of most theories of creative thought with some original contributions by the author who extends his earlier paper on humor to encompass general creativity. See also Koestler (1949 & 1964), De Bono (1968), Stein (1968), Austin (1978), Weisberg (1993), and, more importantly, Eysenck (1995) and Simonton (1999). CLASSES: FIELDS: Aristocrats, The (movie) SEE: Jillette (2005) Arkin, William M. ii Code Names: Deciphering US Military Plans, Programs, and Operations in the 9/11 World. Hanover, NH: Streetforth Press, 2005, 608pp. LOC: NPS. An unusual case study in detectival methodology, showing how broad inferences can be developed about even highly classified operations through systematic collection of scraps of just one seemingly harmless type of evidence, in this case specifically by collating public domain appearances of secret U.S. code names. Arkin is an American freelance writer on military affairs. REV: Keefe (2005) gives a knowledgeable review. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/ 601/ 3-Star/Creativity/Humor/
Armistead, Leigh (editor) i Information Operations: Warfare and the Hard Reality of Soft Power. Washington, D.C.: Brasseys, Inc., 2004, xv+277pp. LOC: NPS. A textbook produced by 14 authors in conjunction with the Joint Forces Staff College and the NSA. On IO see also Bass (1999), Denning (1999), Australian Defence Force (2002). FIELDS: 1-Star/Perception/
Armstrong, Lieutenant Colonel Richard N. (1946- ) iii Soviet Operational Deception: The Red Cloak. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Combat Studies Institute, 1988, ix+56pp. LOC: NPS; National Defense U; Marine Corps U.
A solid analysis of Soviet military deception operations in World War II. Oddly misses their last and most sophisticated case, their invasion of Manchuria, which had already been examined in depth in Despres, Dzirkals & Whaley (1976). See also Matsulenko (1975/1989). LTC Armstrong was a US Army intelligence officer. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 3-Star/Russia/Deception/ CLASSES: 600/602/
Arnau, Frank [pseudonym of Heinrich Schmitt] (1894-1976) Kunst der FlscherFlscher der Kunst: Dreitausend Jahre Betrug mit Antiquitten. Dsseldorf: Econ Verlag, 1959, 419pp. LOC: Getty; Warburg. Reprinted 1960 and 1964. ii English translation by J. Maxwell Brownjohn as The Art of the Faker: Three Thousand Years of Deception. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1961, 364pp. Also as Three Thousand Years of Deception in Art and Antiquities. London: Jonathan Cape, 1961, 349pp. LOC: BW; Getty; MOMA; Warburg. Also translated into French (1960), Italian (1960), Polish (1966), Romanian (1970), and Czech (1973). Biographical chapters on four forgers and seven chapters on forgery methods from paintings to textiles and furniture. The English translation adds a useful index. In The Maverick Detective (forthcoming) I cite from the American edition. The author was a Swiss journalist and amateur antiques fancier. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Biography/
Arquilla, John, and David Ronfeldt iii Cyberwar is Coming!, Comparative Strategy, Vol.12, No.2 (Summer 1993), 141-165. Pioneering paper on the subject. On this occasion the authors jointly coined the terms cyberwar and netwar. Dr. Arquilla (1991 Stanford PhD in International Relations), now a Professor of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School, was a senior consultant at RAND when he wrote this paper. Dr. Ronfeldt (1971 Stanford PhD in Political Science) is a Latin American specialist who worked at RAND for 30+ years. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ CLASSES: 3-Star/Communications/Computers/Internet/ 603/
ii The Advent of Netwar. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation, 1996, ix+118pp. LOC: NPR. On non-hierarchically non-state actors (such as terrorists) and their easy access to the cybernet. FIELDS: 2-Star/ Terrorism/Internet/
________ (editors) ii Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy. Santa Monica: National Defense Research Institute, RAND, 2001, xiv+375pp. LOC: NPS; www.rand.org. A collection of 10 articles by various specialists. FIELDS: 2-Star/Networks/Computers/Terrorism/
Artires, Philippe, and Grard Corneloup Le Mdecin et le criminel: Alexandre Lacassagne 1843-1924. Lyon, France: Bibliothque Municipale de Lyon, 2004, 240pp. LOC: not seen. Catalog of the extensive exhibit of that title presented by the authors at Lyons Municipal Library Jan-May 2004. Lacassagne was a pioneer French criminologist as Professor of Forensic Medicine at the University of Lyon until 1910 when succeeded by his assistant, Edmund Locard. Artires is an historian and researcher with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). FIELDS: ?-Star/Forensics/Biography/
Ascanio, Arturo de (1929-1997) iii The Psychology of Palming. Madrid: the author, 1982, 24pp. Translated into English by Roberto Giobbi. LOC: BW Insights of Spain's late leading master of sleight-of-hand and a theoretician of magic. Ascanio was a civil judge and fine amateur magician. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Magic/
Aschenbrenner, Dr. Claus M. i Problems in Getting Information into and out of Air Photographs, Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol.20, No.3 (1954), 398-401. LOC: BW (copy). A pioneering near-invention of work toward creating a random-dot stereogram (RDS) and the recognition that any embedded figure can only be detected by a stereoscope. Sponsored by the USAF. See also Julesz (1995), xviii, xx-xxi. The author was with the Boston U Physical Research Lab. FIELDS: 1-Star/IMINT/
Ashbaugh, David R. (1946- ) ii Ridgeology: Our Next Evaluative Step, Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette, Vol.45, No.3 (1983), 10-14. Landmark paper in which Corporal Ashbaugh, an ID expert with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, introduced his concept of Ridgeology, a term hed coined the previous year in Print Whorld, Vol. 8, No.2 (1982), 36. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/
ii Quantitative-Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Ridgeology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1999, xiv+234pp. LOC: Congress; Weber State U; British Library. The instant standard textbook. At this point Ashbaugh was a Staff Sergeant in the RCMP. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/
Ashmole, Bernard (1894-1988) ii Forgeries of Ancient Sculpture: Creation and Detection. Oxford: [1961], 15pp, 31 plates. LOC: Getty; Yale; Toronto. The author was a leading English expert on Greek sculptures. Positions included Keeper of Greek & Roman Antiquities at the British Museum and Professor of Antiquities at Oxford University. This paper was the First J. L. Myers Memorial Lecture, delivered in New College, Oxford University, on 9 May 1961. See also Andrn (1986). FIELDS: 2-Star/Sculpture/
Ashton-Wolfe, Harry (1881-1952) i The Invisible Web: Strange Tales of the French Sret. From Documents supplied by Dr. Edmond Locard of the Sret at Lyons, France. London: Hurst & Blackett, Ltd., [1928], xxii+287pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; CalState College-Hayward; British L; Cambridge. Ten case studies. Locard judged his friend Ashton-Wolfe more of a novelist than a nonfiction writer, although hed been an assistant of Bertillon and a student of Locard. True in that Ashton-Wolfe embroiders the ten studies with imagined dialogue and other fictionalizing flourishes. FIELDS: 1-Star/France/Forensics/
Atcherley, Major L[lewelyn] W[illiam], M.V.O. (ca.1871-1954) iiii M.O. in Criminal Investigation and Detection. January 1913, 35pp. Written for Police Service. LOC: BW. This now scarce booklet was the publication of the author's then revolutionary Modus Operandi classification system for police investigation. A summary of this important monograph is in Lee (1973), 81-83, where its mistitled The Atcherley M.O. System. More on Atcherleys system is in Vollmer (1919) and Cole (2001), 230, 251. Atcherley divided his career between the Army (Army Service Corps, as a captain by 1900) and the Police. At the time he published this paper Major Atcherley was Chief Constable of West Riding, Yorkshire, England. An avid balloonist before World War One, in which he served, ending as a major-general. Knighted in 1925. Major-General Sir Llewellyn Atcherley ended his career as H.M. Inspector of Constabulary, 1919-1936. Having married in 1897, he fathered Air Marshal Sir Richard Batchy Atcherley (1904-1970) and Air Vice-Marshal David Atcherley (1904-1952). Further skimpy biographical details are in the joint biography of his famous aviator twins by John Pudney, A Pride of Unicorns (1960), 10, 23, 29-30, 32, 223. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Forensics/ID/ CLASSES: 603/
Athens, Lonnie H. (1949- ) ii Violent Criminal Acts and Criminals Revisited. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997, X+175pp. Foreword by Herbert Blumer. LOC: U of Central Florida. Revision and update of the authors pioneering and controversial Violent Criminal Acts and Criminals (1980), which was itself the outgrowth of his doctoral dissertation from the criminology department at Berkeley. We dont have to agree with Athens theory of Interpretivism to accept the value of his real-world case data and the conclusions he draws from them. See also Holmes (1989) and Jenkins (1994). A helpful biographical account of Athens work and an enthusiastic endorsement, and extension of it, is in Rhodes (1999). While Richard Rhodes proves why Athens is worth listening to, he also unintendedly describes a naive, embittered, and possibly unstable person whose writings I approach with caution. FIELDS: 2-Star/Profiling/
Attardo, Salvatore (1962- ) iii Linguistic Theories of Humor. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1994, xix+426pp. LOC: Congress; Florida Atlantic U. An important assessment of the competing theories. See also Raskin (1985). The Italian author took his doctorate in linguistics in 1986 from the Catholic University of Milan. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Humor/
ii Humorous Texts: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001, xiv+238pp. LOC: Colorado State U. This book, the author tells us, presents a methodology [he means merely method] to extend the analyses of the General Theory of Verbal Humor to all texts, regardless of length. If so, his method seems too elaborate to hold much interest and less usefulness for any humor analyst or cognitive scientist other than a specialist in semantics and linguistics. However, this book does have many conceptual gems for any non-specialist who bothers to figure out the authors too seldom defined jargon. For example, its helpful to know that his antonymy = incongruity, and therefore were left to presume synonymy = congruity, but what then is hyponymy? Dr. Attardo has been Professor in the Department of English at Youngstown State University since 2000. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
ii Humor and Irony in Interaction: From Mode Adoption to Failure of Detection, in Anolli, Ciceri, & Riva (2001), Chapter 7, 165-185. LOC: BW (copy). Experiment showing that the inability to completely differentiate humor from irony is based on the indeterminacy of indirect speech and implicature, on which irony entirely and humor at least largely rely. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
________, Christian F. Hempelmann, and Sara Di Maio i Script oppositions and logical mechanisms: modeling incongruities and their resolutions, Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, Vol.15, No.1 (2002), 3-46. LOC: BW (copy). Further examination of Raskin & Attardos General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH). Hempelmann took his M.A. in linguistics in 2000 at Youngstown State University.(and then in 2003 his PhD from Purdue) and Di Maio did her doctoral dissertation on humor in 2000 at the University of Siena. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Attiqur Rahman, M[ohammad] (1918-1996) iii Reflections on the Principles of Surprise & Deception. Lahore, Pakistan: Wajidalis, 1981, v+113pp. LOC: Cornell; Syracuse U; National Library of Australia (Lahore edition); Malayan Armed Forces L (undated Dehra Dun edition by Natraj Publishers). A good piece, particularly for such a short one. Born in India and schooled in England, Attiqur Rahman was commissioned at the Indian Military Academy (Dehra Dun) in 1940. Saw action in Burma in WW II. After independence he joined the Pakistan Army, rising to the rank of lieutenant-general and serving successively as Governor of West Pakistan and Governor of Punjab. A biography is A. Attiqur Rahman, M. A. Rahman, & Mohammad Attiqur Rahman, Back to the Pavilion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Deception/Surprise/
Attneave, Fred (1919-1991) iii Informational Aspects of Visual Perception, Psychological Review, Vol.61, No.3 (1954), 183-193. LOC: BW (copy); NPS. In this seminal paper Attneave invokes the clever image of the sleeping cat to illustrate his theory that a major function of the perceptual machinery is to strip away some of the redundancy of stimulation, to describe or encode incoming information in a form more economical than that in which it impinges on the receptors. (P.189) This was the paper that Barlow (1961) admits preceded his. Dr. Attneave (1949 Stanford PhD in Psychology) was Professor of Psychology at the University of Oregon. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/601/ 3-Star/Perception/Redundancy/
iii Applications of Information Theory to Psychology: A Summary of Basic Concepts, Methods, and Results. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1959, vii+120pp. LOC: U of La Verne. On the several adaptations of Shannons Mathematical Theory of Communication to the field of psychology. See also Barlow (1961). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/601/ 3-Star/Communications/
Aubry, Arthur S., Jr., and Rudolph R. Caputo Criminal Interrogation. 3rd edition, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1980, 464pp. LOC: FBI Academy. A standard but typically weak textbook, little more than a mindless by-the-numbers training manual. Of little value despite the considerable collective experience of the authors, particularly because they dont bother to document any of their opinions. A much better text is Inbau, Reid, & Buckley (1986). The 1st edition appeared in 1965, the 2nd in 1972. Rudy Caputo, a private investigator, had been publishing textbooks on polygraphing since 1959. FIELDS: 0-Star/Interrogation/
Aussaresses, General Paul (1918- ) iiii The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Algeria 1955-1957. New York: Enigma Books, 2002, xiii+185pp. English translation of Services Spciaux: Algerie 19551957 (2001). LOC: BW. An attempt to justify for intelligence purposes the torture of FLN rebels during the early stages of the long struggle for Algerian independence, which lasted from 1954 to 1962. Although this is the strongest case for using torture to obtain truth of which Im aware, the author unwittingly but decisively undercuts his own argument. I argue that Aussaressess evidence negates the practical value of torture even in any ticking bomb scenario where more than one suspect is at hand for interrogation. The then Major Aussaresses was the intelligence officer who commanded the French Armys secret interrogation unit in Algeria. For interrogation see also Pinto (1952), Toliver & Scharff (1979), Hoare (2000), Bowden (2003), and Mackey & Miller (2004). For torture see also Peters (1985) and Dershowitz (2002). REV: Anthony Clayton in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.18, No.1 (Spring 2003), 199-200. Finds this book an unconvincing apologia. REV: Robert D. Chapman in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.2 (Summer 2003), 340-348. REV: Adam Shatz in New York Review of Books, Vol.49, No.18 (21 Nov 2002). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CL/CI/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Interrogation/France/Arabia/Terrorism/ 603/
Austin, James H. (1925- ) ii Chase Chance and Creativity: the lucky art of novelty. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978, xvii+237pp. LOC: Broward Community College (Florida). Dr. Austin adds chance (accident) to the traditional Eureka and Plod causes of creativity. He was Professor of Neurology at the University of Colorado. See also R. V. Jones (1965). FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Australian Defence Force iii Information Operations. Canberra: Australian Defence Headquarters, Sep 2002, xvii+6 chapters. LOC: BW. Current (2003) Australian Defence Force doctrine incorporates deception and counter deception within Information Operations. See Chapters 3.7, 3.9, 5-Annex C, 6.33. Better than its contemporary (2005) US counterpart. Brought to my attention by US Navy Commander Doug Webster. See also FM 90-2 (1988). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/602/ 3-Star/Australia/PSYOPS/
Axelrod, Robert [M.] iii "The Rational Timing of Surprise," World Politics, Vol.31, No.2 (Jan 1979), 228-246. LOC: BW (copy) Shows importantly and for the first time that surprise is more likely to occur in high-stake situations than in low-stake ones. Dr. Axelrod (1969 Yale PhD in poly sci) is an American game-theoretic political scientist at the University of Michigan and a MacArthur Prize fellow. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Surprise/
i "Coping with Deception," in Steven Brams and others (editors), Applied Game Theory (Wuertzburg, Germany: Physics-Verlag, 1979), 390-405. LOC: BW (copy). A game-theoretic model. See also Brams (1977). FIELDS: 1-Star/GameTheory/
-BBabington Smith, Constance (1912-2000) ii Air Spy: The Story of Photo Intelligence in World War II. New York: Harper and Bros., 1957, 266pp. British edition as Evidence in Camera. London: Chatto & Windus, 1958, 256pp. Memoirs of a WW II English WAAF flight-officer who, as an expert photo interpreter, sought to penetrate German ground camouflage. See also Stanley (1998) and Brugioni (1999). REV: Studies in Intelligence, Spring 1958. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 107. FIELDS: 2-Star/IMINT/Biography/
Backhouse, Edmund (1873-1944) SEE: Trevor-Roper (1976) Bacon, Donald J. iii Second World War Deception: Lessons Learned for Todays Joint Planner. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air Command and Staff College, Wright Flyer Paper No.5 (Dec 1998), v+31pp. LOC: BW (copy); NPS; National Defense U; Marine Corps U; http://purl.access.gpo.gov. From 6 Allied WW II deception case studies (3 British and 3 Soviet) USAF Major Bacon draws 7 conclusions, all quite sound: The Allies controlled all key channels of information, had great intelligence feedback on their deception operations, had high-level and centralized control over [strategic] deception planning, practiced sound deception techniques, subordinated deception to strategic and operational objectives, maintained adequate secrecy, and provided sufficient time for deception execution. Bacon later (as a Lt. Col.) showed continuing flair for military history. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ CLASSES: 3-Star/Deception/INTEL/Channels/ 601/602/603/
Bacon, Sir Francis (1561-1626) iiii Of Simulation and Dissimulation. In his Essays, No.6 (1625). LOC: Many reprints, including www.bartleby.com/3/1/6.html. A short (roughly 3-page) essay by the remarkable early English philosopher of science, lawyer, and intelligence officer that establishes the taxonomy of hiding and showing. Distinguishes three degrees of hiding oneselfsecrecy (where a man makes himself invisible), dissimulation (a negative position where he gives evidence that he is something other than himself), and simulation (giving affirmative evidence of what that other self is). He then lists three advantages of simulation and dissimulation and their three disadvantages. My thanks to Hans Speier for this reference. See also Solomon (1920). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Science/Deception/ CLASSES: 600/
iii Of Cunning. In his Essays, No.22 (1625). LOC: Many reprints, including www.bartleby.com/3/1/22.html. In this essay Sir Francis gives his list of the various ways we use our cunning to deceive others. This is, I believe, the earliest published attempt, however rough, to explicitly catalog these ways. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/Training/ 3-Star/Psychology/ CLASSES: 600/603/
Baddeley, Roland, Peter Hancock, [and] Peter Fldik (editors) iii Information Theory and the Brain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, xiii+344pp. LOC: San Diego State U; Oxford. Twenty-eight contributors give an interdisciplinary view that connects neurobiology to computer science. Based on a 1996 conference at Newquay in Britain. Baddeley is an experimental psychologist at Sussex University. REF: Rao (2002) is a useful review. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/601/ 3-Star/Communications/
Baden, Michael M., M.D. (1939- ), with Judith Adler Hennessee ii Unnatural Death: Confessions of a Medical Examiner. New York: Random House, 1989, 209pp. Former M.E. with New York City since 1955, including as Chief M.E. 1978-79. Famous for his work on the cases of JFK, John Belushi, Sunny von Bulow, Joseph Christopher, and Richard Kuklinski. Few theoretical but many practical political insights. Dr. Baden frequently gives expert comment on American Fox-TV. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/Autopsy/
________, and Marion Roach iii Dead Reckoning: The New Science of Catching Killers. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001, 288pp. LOC: BW. Enough systematically presented theory and practice to make this the most up-to-date introductory text on forensic science for general audiences. Adds Dr. Badens later experience, particularly in the Christian Brando and O. J. Simpson cases. See also Smith (1959), Camps (1966), Helpern (1977), K. Simpson (1978), Noguchi (1983 & 1985), Wecht (1996), and Lee (2001). FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/
Baker, Robert A. (1921- ), & Joe Nickell (1944- ) iii Missing Pieces: How to Investigate Ghosts, UFOs, Psychics, & Other Mysteries. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992, 339pp. LOC: BW. A useful manual of detection by, respectively, a psychologist and an ex-magician turned
private detective. One of the two best books on the investigation of alleged psychic happenings. See also Wiseman & Morris (1995). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Psi/Investigation/ CLASSES: 601/603/
Ball, Philip (1962- ) ii Interdisciplinary Synergy, or How Many Times Do We Have to Reinvent the Wheel? New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000, 520pp. LOC: Mid-Continent PL (Kansas City, MO). Specialization is one of the main consequences for scientific and intelligence analysts of increasing technological growth and elaboration; but it often leads to duplicated effect. "Being an enquiry into the interplay of chance and necessity in the way that human culture, customs, institutions, cooperation and conflict arise." Includes a good chapter on Small Worlds (pp.352-371). See also Gladwell (2002). Dr. Ball (PhD physicist) is an English freelance science writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Networks/
Bamford, James (1946- ) iii Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency from the Cold War through the Dawn of a New Century. New York: Doubleday, 2001, 721pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. Most reliable and detailed book on the NSA, a commendable update of the author's basically accurate The Puzzle Palace (1982). Bamford has a more balanced view of what goes on within the NSA than most of the insiders I've heard. Even so he may have his weak points, as with the controversial Liberty incident and quirky organization of chapters. See also Aid & Wiebes (2001) and Keefe (2005). Bamford, a former Naval Security Group communications technician, is now an American lawyer and investigative reporter. REV: Hayden B. Peake in http://cicentre.com, who calls it a major contribution to the literature of intelligence. LOC: BW (copy). REV: Thomas Powers in New York Review of Books, 21 Jun 2001. REV: Russell Anderson in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.17, No.1 (Spring 2002), 174-176. A mixed review. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/COMINT/
Bank of America i Bank Security Manual. San Francisco: Bank of America, 1981, 15 sections. A typical training manual FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. Includes the tell-tale signs (danger signals) of bad checks and kiting. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fraud/
Barabsi, Albert-Lszl (1967- ) iii Linked: The New Science of Networks. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2002, 280pp. LOC: Santa Cruz PL; NPS. Reprinted as Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means for Business, Science, and Everyday Life. New York: A Plume Book, May 2003, 294pp. LOC: California Institute of the Arts. More on Small Worlds, which concept he traces (pp.26-27, 35-37) back to Karinthy (1929). Dr. Barabsi (1994 Boston U PhD in Physics) is an Hungarian born in Transylvania and living in the USA with permanent resident status. Since 1995 has been a professor of physics at Notre Dame. REV: James Brody in Human Nature Review, Vol.2 (2002), 312-316. FIELDS: 3-Star/Networks/Business/Science/
Baring-Gould, William S. (1913-1967) i The Annotated Sherlock Holmes. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc./Publisher, 1967, 2 volumes, 688+824pp. LOC: Key West PL; Monterey PL. Baring-Gould worked more than ten years on this labor of love, leaving it virtually finished at his death. The most recent complete Sherlock Holmes is Klinger (2005). See also Doyle (1924) and Carr (1949). FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/Criminology/
Bar-Joseph, Uri ________, and Zachary Sheaffer iiii Surprise and Its Causes in Business Administration and Strategic Studies, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.11, No.3 (Fall 1998), 331-349. LOC: NPS. A highly original analysis of the several differences between the way commercial and intelligence analysts approach the problem of surprise. A promising research program. Marginally weakened by its acceptance of the Wohlstetter signals-noise model of surprise. Dr. Bar-Joseph was then and still is Professor of International Relations at Haifa University. A specialist in political-military intelligence, he counts himself among the political far left. Dr. Sheaffer was on the faculty of Technion, the Isreali Institute of Technology in Haifa. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 4-Star/Business/INTEL-analysis/Surprise/
iii The Watchman Fell Asleep: The Surprise of Yom Kippur and Its Sources. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005, x+306pp. LOC: BW3; Texas Tech; Australian Defence Force Academy. The most detailed analysis of Egypts 1973 Yom Kippur surprise attack on Israel on 6 Oct 1973. Strong, indeed virtually definitive on details. But seriously weak on theory because he relies too heavily on Wohlstetter (1962), Jervis (1976), Handel (1976), and Betts (1982).
The first edition had been published in Hebrew as Hatsofeh she-nirdam in TelAviv in 2001. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Surprise/ CLASSES: 601/
Barkas, Geoffrey (1896- ) iii The Camouflage Story (from Aintree to Alamein). London: Cassell and Company Ltd, 1952, 216pp. Foreword by Lt.-Gen. Sir John Whiteley. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley; Oxford. Valuable insights in this light-hearted but perceptive wartime memoir of a British movie maker (director, editor, producer, including co-directing the semi-documentary Q-Ships in 1928). In WW II Lieut.-Col. Barkas was Director of Camouflage for the British forces in the Middle East from late 1940 to spring 1943. See also Sykes (1990). Barkas, who had been making British films since 1925, had also been second unit director of three whose location work was in India, Rhodesia, and South Africa in 1936-37. REV: Constantinides (1983),71. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/R&D/ 3-Star/Camouflage/Britain/ CLASSES: 601/603/
________, and John Hutton (1906- ) ii Camouflage of Airfields in the Middle East, 1941-42, The R.A.F. Quarterly, Vol.5, No.2 (Apr 1953), 112-120. LOC: BW (copy). Digested as Camouflage of Middle East Airfields, Military Review, Vol.33, No.10 (Jan 1954), 99-107. Relevant to the cost-effectiveness of decoys and concealment. Hutton, a New Zealander, was a well-known muralist and a camouflage officer under Barkas in WW II. FIELDS: 2-Star/Camouflage/Decoys/
Barkow, Jerome H., Leda Cosmides, John Tooby (editors) iii The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Creation of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, xii+666pp. LOC: Florida International U. A collection of original papers of which see particularly Boulton & Smith (1992). See also Bock & Cardew (1997) and Cosmides & Tooby (1997). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Evolution/Psychology/
Barlow, H[orace] B. (1921- ) iii The Coding of Sensory Messages, in W. H. Thorpe & O. L. Zangwill (editors), Current Problems in Animal Behavior (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961), 331-360. LOC: S. Illinois U. This essay (written in 1956) is Barlows famous initial publication of his important studies that tie physiological visual perceptions to Claude Shannons Information Theory of signals, noise, and redundancy, research that Barlow had begun in the 1950s at the University of California, Berkeley, building on the work of Craik (1943) but independent of Attneave (1954).
A handy but expert summary of this work is Dawkins (1998), 257-266. See also Attneave (1959). Barlow gives his own modified second thoughts in the following paper. Dr. Barlow, a neurophysiologist, was a distinguished professor at Cambridge. FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/Communications/
iiii Redundancy reduction revisited, Network: Computation in Neural Systems, Vol.12, No.3 (Bristol, England: Aug 2001), 241-253. LOC: BW (copy). Barlow now states that his original hypothesis had been wrong in over-emphasizing the role of compressive coding and economy in neuron numbers, but right in drawing attention to the importance of redundancy. Concludes that we should regard [neural representations] as approximate estimates of the probable truths of the current environment, for these are the quantities required by a probabilistic brain working on Bayesian principles. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CL/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Communications/Redundancy/ 603/
Barnes, Harry Elmer (1889-1968), and Negley K. Teeters New Horizons in Criminology. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1943, xxvi+1069pp. i 2nd edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1951, xvi+887pp. i 3rd edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1959, xvi+654pp. LOC: U of Florida. A standard and respected text in its time. FIELDS: 1-Star/Criminology/
Barnes, J[ohn] A[rundel] (1918- ) iiii A pack of lies: Towards a sociology of lying. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, xiv+200pp. LOC: BW; Oxford. A fine book on deception and its detection, missing only an appreciation of the key role of Incongruity Theory. Dr. Barnes, a distinguished British sociologist with strong cross-cultural experience and a pioneer since 1954 in Small-World Theory, was at the time of this publication Professor of Sociology at the Australian National University. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/603/ 4-Star/Deception/Lying/Cultures/
Barnes, Julian (1946- ) Arthur & George. London: Jonathan Cape, 2005, 360pp. A novel based on the historical case where in 1907 Arthur Conan Doyle intervened to clear the name of George Edalji who had served seven years for committing an ugly crime of which he was innocent. I am apparently alone in considering this an abysmal and certainly unnecessary novel when the well-documented real-life story is more challenging, for which see Costello (1991) and Hines (2001).
Barnes is a highly rated and popular English novelist who under his pen name of Dan Kavanagh also wrote crime novels. REV: Tim Adams in The Observer (26 Jun 2005). Highly favorable review, as are the following: REV: Peter Kemp in The Sunday Times (26 Jun 2005). REV: Jon Barnes in Times Literary Supplement (8 Jul 2005). REV: John Lanchester in The New York Review of Books (6 Apr 2006). FIELDS: 0-Star/Fiction/
Barnum, P. T. (1810-1891) ii The Humbugs of the World: An account of humbugs, delusions, impositions, quakeries, deceit and deceivers generally in all ages. New York: Carleton, 1865, x+424. The great American showman gives us the first of many such books and still one of the better ones. FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/Fraud/
Barreca, Regina (1957- ) ii They Used to Call Me Snow White ... But I Drifted: Womens Strategic Use of Humor. New York: Viking, 1991, xiii+223pp. LOC: Santa Cruz PL. The witty and intelligent Dr. Barreca (PhD from U Conn) is Professor of English Lit at U Conn where she has taught since 1987. A prominent author since 1988 of over 20 books writer on womens humor and feminist theory. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Barringer, Richard E. ________, and Barton Whaley i The Political-Military Exercise: A Progress Report, Orbis, Vol.8, No.4 (Winter 1965). FIELDS: 1-Star/Gaming/
________, with Barton Whaley i The Political-Military Gaming Experience, Orbis, Vol.9, No.2 (Summer 1965), 437-458. LOC: MIT (offprint). A survey study. Our draft (dated Feb 1965) was issued as a Center paper C/65-11. See also Bloomfield & Whaley (1965). FIELDS: 1-Star/Gaming/
Barros, James, and Richard Gregor ii Double Deception: Stalin, Hitler, and the Invasion of Russia. DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1995, [xi]+307pp. LOC: NPS. The best update of Whaley (1974). But, in essence, says nothing newonly the occasional added detail or modification of what Id previously covered, as seen in their frequent and specific footnoting. See also Glantz (2001).
Barros writes on modern European political history. Dr. Gregor (1966 PhD in Russian history, LSE) is a Soviet & Russian specialist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Surprise/Germany/Russia/
Bartholomew, Robert E., [and] Benjamin Radford (1970- ) iii Hoaxes, Myths, and Manias: Why We Need Critical Thinking. Amherst, NJ: Prometheus Books, 2003, 229pp. LOC: NPS; Mid-Continent PL (Independence, MO). Applies critical thinking and conclusions to four American, three cross-cultural, and some historical case studies. Dr. Bartholomew is an Australian PhD sociologist. Radford is a BA psychologist, freelance writer, and managing editor of the Skeptical Inquirer. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 601/ 3-Star/Hoax/Cultural/
Radford (2003)
Barton, S. W., and Lawrence W. Martin [pseudonyms of Barton Whaley & Ladislav Bittman] SEE UNDER: Whaley & Bittman (1973)
Bass, Dr. Bill (1928- ), and Jon Jefferson i Deaths Acre: Inside the Legendary Forensic Lab, The Body Farm Where the Dead Do Tell Tales. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, 2003, xii+304pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. Memoirs of American forensic anthropologist Dr. William M. Bill Bass. See also Gerasimov (1971), Stewart (1979), Joyce & Stover (1991), Ubelaker (1992), Maples (1994), and Prag & Neave (1997). FIELDS: 1-Star/Anthropology/Autopsy/
Bass, Col. Carla D. iii Building Castles on Sand: Underestimating the Tide of Information Operations, Aerospace Power Journal (Summer 1999). LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Urges the advisability for the USA to emphasize quality of information both incoming intelligence and outgoing psycops over technology. On IO see also Armistead (2004). Col. Bass (USAF) is an experienced intelligence officer. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CL/ 3-Star/INTEL/PSYOPS/ CLASSES: 600/
Basso, Ellen B. (1942- ) iii In Favor of Deceit: A Study of Tricksters in an Amazonian Society. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1987, xx+376pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz; U of Hong Kong. A study of the Kalapalo Indians of central Brazil. Shows that this small (300-population) tribe accepts deception and illusion as a built-in characteristic of language and social interaction where deceivers make their dupes wiser and stronger. See also Hyde (1998).
Dr. Basso (1969 PhD from the University of Chicago) is a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Arizona. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/LatinAmerica/Anthropology/
Bastianini, Giovanni (1830-1869) SEE: Foresi (1868) Bathurst, Bella ii The Wreckers: A story of killing seas, false lights and plundered ships. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2005, xxiv+326pp. LOC: U of Toronto. Focused on those entrepreneurs who thrive from the dangerous coastal waters that surround Britain. Solid research. See also Gores (1971) and Faith (1998). FIELDS: 2-Star/Theft/
Bayard, mile (1868-1937) i LArt de Reconnatre les Fraudes: peinture, sculpture, gravure, meubles, dentelles, cramique, etc. Paris: R. Roger et F. Chernoviz, 1914, 326pp, with 115 illustrations. Reprints 1920, 1925, etc. LOC: Getty; U of Michigan (Evanston); Princeton; U de Montral; Warburg. An early guide to forged art and art expertise for collectors. Author was a prominent French art authority. FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/Fraud/
BDM Corporation iii A Historical Survey of Counter-C3. McLean, VA: 27 Apr 1979, 63pp. Published as BDM/W-79-167-TR. LOC: BW (copy); Air U. On Counter-C3 methods where C3 = command, control, communications. Counter-C3 is just more ephemeral bureaucratic New Speak for deception, although the authors choose to conceal such conventional jargon. On deception as a technique for influencing an opponents perceptions and thinking (i.e. his C3 processes). The studys analysis draws its theory largely from Jones (1978) and Whaley (1969) and its data from 13 case studies that range from the Siege of Nicea (1094 AD), thru Third Gaza (1917) and Fortitude (1944), to the Six Day War (1967). These cases clearly demonstrate both the use and effectiveness of these methods and lessons are drawn from them. The three main conclusions were: 1) Need to improve counterdeception measures. 2) Need to identify the enemys vulnerabilities to deception. 3) Need for training field commanders in counterdeception. The BDM Corporation was one of the U.S. capital beltway defense consulting firms. Its anonymously authored study was sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency. FIELDS: 3-Star/Counterdeception/
Beattie, James, LL.D. (1735-1803) ii On Laughter, and Ludicrous Composition, in his Essays (Edinburgh: William Creech, 1776), 581-705. Facsimile reprint 1971. LOC: Northern Arizona U. A clear exposition of the Incongruity Theory of humor. Thus: Though every incongruous combination is not ludicrous, every ludicrous combination is incongruous. See also Provine (2000). Dr. Beattie, a Scottish poet and essayist, was Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic at the University of Aberdeen. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Beavan, Colin iiii Fingerprints: The Origins of Crime Detection and the Murder Case that Launched Forensic Science, New York: Hyperion, 2001, xvi+232pp. LOC: BW. Although written for a general audience, this book reflects substantial scholarship, as befits the British authors PhD in applied physics from Liverpool U. Compare Cole (2001) and Specter (2002). REV: A. A. In his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.2, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2001). Recommended to all. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Fingerprints/
Becker, Peter (1962- ), and Richard F. Wetzell (editors) Criminals and Their Scientists: The History of Criminology in International Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 30 Apr 2006, 512pp. LOC: Congress; not seen. A collection of articles that largely originated in an international conference on the history of criminology that had been held in 1998 in Florence, Italy. Dr. Becker (1988 Dr.phil., Graz University), a German, is a Professor of History and Civilization at the European University Institute, Florence, Italy. Dr. Wetzell (1991 PhD, Stanford), an American, is a Research Fellow at the German Historical Institute, Washington, DC. FIELDS: Forthcoming/Criminology/
Beckett, Alice ii Fakes: Forgery and the Art World. London: Richard Cohen Books, 1995, x+176pp. LOC: Stanford; San Francisco PL; Oxford. Beckett is a painter and art critic. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/
Beecher, Henry K. (1904-1976) iii The Powerful Placebo, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.159, No.17 (24 Dec 1955), 1602-1606. LOC: BW (copy) Probably the most influential article in modern medical research. It led directly to the standardized adoption of the double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials of drugs.
From his meta-analysis of 15 studies covering 1,000 patients Dr. Beecher concluded that placebos had a real therapeutic effect in 35% of the cases. Consequently he urged that placebos be routinely added to experimental studies of drugs employing a double-blind protocol. See also Kaptchuk (1998) who points out that placebo & double-blind studies in science can be traced back 200 years. Indeed are more common than the modern tradition realizes. And Hrbjartsson & Gtzsche (2004) have challenged the placebo effect itself. Dr. Beecher, MD, was Anaesthetist-in-Chief at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1936 until his retirement in 1969. He coined the now common term placebo effect in 1950, based on his recollection of observing it during World War Two among wounded soldiers. Supplies of morphine had run out on the battlefield and medics injected and medically inert saline solution instead. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 3-Star/Medicine/ CLASSES: 600/
________, and Donald P. Todd (1918 -1998) ii A Study of Deaths Associated with Anesthesia and Surgery, Annals of Surgery, Vol.149, No.1 (Jul 1954), 2-33. LOC: BW (copy). A meta-analysis that showed, contrary to the clinical judgment of experienced American anesthetists, that deaths during surgery in the period 1948-52 which were the direct result of the anesthetic, ranged from 1:5,000 up to 1:15,00. The true figure was 1:1,600. This is clear evidence that clinical opinion is, at best, an educated guess. Both authors were anesthetists at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. FIELDS: 2-Star/Medicine/
Beesly, Patrick (1913-1986) ii Very Special Admiral: The Life of Admiral J. H. Godfrey, CB. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1980, xxv+345pp. Foreword by S. W. Roskill. LOC: NPS. A fine biography of John Godfrey (1888-1971), Britains brilliant maverick Director of Naval Intelligence in the crucial early years of WW II, Feb 1939-Sep 1942. Biographer Beesly was himself a veteran of Godfreys Operational Intelligence Centre (OIC). FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Britain/Biography/
iii Room 40: British Naval Intelligence, 1914-18. London: Hamilton,1982, xi+338pp. LOC: Congress. American edition, San Diego: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1982, xi+338pp. LOC: NPS. The definitive study of the Royal Navys WW I codebreakers in Sir Reginald Blinker Halls Naval Intelligence Division. See also James (1955). REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 8, calls it an authoritative book. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 3-Star/INTEL/Cryptology/Britain/ 603/
iii Very Special Intelligence: The Story of the Admiraltys Operational Intelligence Centre, 1939-1945. London: Greenhill Books, 2000, xxiv+296pp. With a new introduction by W.J.R. Gardner and a new afterword by Ralph Erskine. LOC: Congress. A new edition of Beeslys original 1977 book of the same title. On the fine cryptanalytic work of Britains Operational Intelligence Centre of the Naval Intelligence Division. Very highly recommended by Walter Pforzheimer (1985) and Frank Stech. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Winter 1977. REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.24, No.4 (Oct 2000). CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/INTEL/Cryptology/Britain/
Behrens, Roy R. (1946- ) iii Art & Camouflage: Concealment and Deception in Nature, Art, and War. Cedar Falls, Iowa: North American Review, 1981, 89pp. LOC: Stanford; UC-Santa Cruz; British L. For annotation I can do no better than the authors own two-decades later (2002) critique of his own work: A pioneering, if wildly inaccurate, book about the inherent link between art and camouflage, and the role of modern artists in military camouflage in World Wars I and II. Mr. Behrens, a Vietnam War vet, was an Associate Professor of Art at the University of Wisconsin (Milwaukee). See also Thayer (1918) and Solomon (1920). FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Camouflage/
iiii False Colors: Art, Design and Modern Camouflage. Dysart, Iowa: Bobolink Books, 2002, 223pp. LOC: West Des Moines PL; University College (London). A welcome fulfillment of the promise of the authors above book. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Art/Camouflage/
i Art, culture and camouflage, Tate Etc., Issue 4 (London: Summer 2005). LOC: BW (copy). A sketchy pocket history. Oddly omits mentioning pioneer British camoufleur Solomon J. Solomon. Author Behrens was at that time Professor of Art at the University of North Iowa. FIELDS: 1-Star/Camouflage/
Bell, J. Bowyer (1931-2003) iiii "Aspects of the Dragonworld: Covert Communications and the Rebel Ecosystem," International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.3, No. 1 (Spring 1988): 15-43. On the limitations imposed on actions of terrorists by their available communications systemsboth interpersonal and technical. Dr. Bell (1953 BA from Washington & Lee University and PhD in History), an American journalist, painter, and art critic, was until his recent death, the worlds leading authority on terrorist organizations, particularly the IRA and the major European and Near Eastern groups. The fact that both terrorists (active and retired) as well as their
opposing counter-terrorists generally accept his accounts as definitive is, I believe and he confirmed to me, not so much the depth and breadth of his scholarship as his nonjudgments approach to his subjects. Beginning in the 1960s Bow Bell had interviewed more terrorists and retired terrorists in more organizations in Europe, the Near East, and Africa than any other scholar or governmental intelligence officer. In the early 1970s he was my mentor on terrorism & counterterrorism as I was his on deception & counterdeception. FIELDS: 4-Star/COMINT/Terrorism/
iiiii "Dragonworld (II): Deception, Tradecraft, and the Provisional IRA," International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.8, No.1 (Spring 1995), 21-50. Although Dr. Bell takes the IRA as his main case example, he zeros in on the basic motives, dynamics, tradecraft, and modes of deception that are common to all illicit rebel organizations. In the course of this essay, Bow Bell tells us more about terrorists, including the Islamists, than all but a handful of those self-styled experts on terrorists and the so-called War on Terrorism who have been chattering on American TV since 9/11. Among some of Bows truths are: ! All undergrounds are inefficient: it is their nature. Many those that survive at all appear awesome, effective, but each must operate within an ecosystem that may permit persistence but at great cost in efficiency. The dynamics of the armed struggle assure that there is less craft to the revolutionary trade than the orthodox are apt to imagine. (p.22). ! All rebels are, to a considerable degree, impractical and incompetent. (p.23). ! The more secret an organization, the more inefficient, and absolute secrecy assures total chaos. (p.25). ! Duplicity, cunning deceit, ambush, and arson are not first rebel choices but the only rebel choices: to exit the rebels must deceive. (p.26). FIELDS: 4-Star/Terrorism/Islamicists/Asymmetry/
iii Conditions Making for Success of Denial and Deception: Nonstate and Illicit Actors, in Godson & Wirtz (2002), 129-162. Further thought-provoking insights from the then worlds top expert on the internal workings of terrorist organizations. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/601/602/ 3-Star/Terrorism/
iiii Toward a Theory of Deception, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.2 (Summer 2003), 244-279. LOC: NPS. Published posthumously, this piece gives Bow Bells final thoughts on the subject of deception and its detection. Although Id been Bows mentor on the subject of deception (and he mine on terrorism), I believe this paper takes a step backward from our joint work on deception theory in 1979 in Dublin and Bells own 1995 paper cited above. Why? I believe the reason is that Bow, always suspicious of and uncomfortable with a science that values numbers, charts, and graphs, could work with me toward simple theory. But, when working alone, he preferred a richer brew. So, in consequence, he leaves us with some unnecessarily complicated theorizing. I regret being unable to engage him in further dialog. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 4-Star/Deception/ Whaley & Bell (1982)
Bell, Joseph (1837-1911) [A review of Doyles The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes], in The Bookman. LOC: not seen. SEE ALSO: Liebow (1982) ?-Star/Logic/
FIELDS:
Bell, Suzanne, Ph.D. ii Encyclopedia of Forensic Science. New York, NY: Facts On File, Inc., 2004, xvi+350pp. Foreword by Barry A. J. Fisher. Preface by Max M. Houck. LOC: Flathead Valley Community College. Concise but up-to-date and reliable reference. Would benefit from more reference leads into the literature. See also Lane (1992), Siegel (2000), and Conklin (2002). Dr. Bell (PhD in Chemistry from New Mexico State U and MS in Forensic Science) is a Research Professor at West Virginias Department of Chemistry. Broke her forensic teeth working several years with the New Mexico State Police Laboratory. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
iii Forensic Chemistry. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006" [2005], xxi+671pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford. The most comprehensive and up-to-date textbook. Particularly useful references, glossary, and index. FIELDS: 3-Star/Chemistry/
Ben-Shakhar, Gershon, [and] Eitan Elaad iii The Validity of Psychophysiological Detection of Information With the Guilty Knowledge Test: A Meta-Analytic Review, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.88, No.1 (2003), 131-151. LOC: BW (copy). From their secondary analysis of 80 lab studies the Israeli authors conclude that the Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT, also known as the Concealed Information Test) has substantial potential value, certainly more so than the more common Control Questions Test (CQT). See also Furedy & Heslegrave (1988) and Elaad (1999). Prof. Ben-Shakhar is an Israeli psychologist at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Prof. Elaad is a Professor of Behavioral Sciences at the College of Judea & Samaria in Israel and a long-time member of the National Police. FIELDS: 3-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Ben-Zvi, Abraham iii Hindsight and Foresight: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Surprise Attacks, World Politics, Vol.28, No.3 (Apr 1976), 381-395. LOC: BW (copy). Takes a somewhat more optimistic view of the possibility of improving warning analysis than the pessimistic Wohlstetter School. He concludes (p.395) that: [W]hen tactical actualities are at variance with strategic possibilities, the former should be given increased weight in the decision-making processes. By opening this narrow but possible pathway through Wohlstetters noisy morass, this approach offers foresight. Thus, while potentially useful, I judge this paper to be weak in one regard and flatly wrong in another: First, Ben-Zvis ambitious framework is erected on an
insubstantial foundation comprising only three case studies when dozens were readily available to him. Moreover, no reason is given for believing that these three cases Barbarossa, Pearl Harbor, and Yom Kippur are in any way representative. While I accept that these three particular cases more-or-less fit Ben-Zvis model where tactical (that is, local, on-the-ground, directly observable) intelligence pointed toward imminent attack, other cases such as Normandy D-Day (1944) dont. Second, Ben-Zvi errs in dismissing the conclusions of Wohlstetters Pearl Harbor and Whaleys Codeword BARBAROSSA as based strictly on hindsight and therefore offer no suggestions for predicting or preventing surprise attacks, nor do they claim to do so. (p.383 & also 381) In fact, both Wohlstetter and I were working blind in the early stages of searching for explanations. Hindsight told us only that the victims had been surprised, nothing about how that had happened. So our research method was not hindsightful but forward looking the so-called Method of Zadig, that is, strictly in accord with standard abductive logic. Ben-Zvi rightly says that Wohlstetters noise model pessimistically made no claim to predicting or preventing surprise attacks but my deception model does make just such an optimistic claim. Dr. Ben-Zvi (1973 U of Chicago PhD in political science) was (and by 2005 still is) a full professor at Tel Aviv University. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 3-Star/Surprise/INTEL-analysis/ 600/
ii Surprise: Theoretical Aspects, in Evron (1979), 86-104. Although published later (1979) than the above (Apr 1976), this paper had originally been delivered in Apr 1975 at a conference at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem that I attended. Consequently, I suppose the above 1976 appearance in World Politics better represents Prof. Ben-Zvis view. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/
iii The Dynamics of Surprise: The Defenders Perspective, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.12, No.4 (Oct 1997), 113-144. Enlarges on his data base in Intention, Capability and Surprise, The Journal of Strategic Studies (1990) and adds to his Perception, Misperception and Surprise in the Yom Kippur War: A Look at the New Evidence, Journal of Conflict Studies (Fall 1995). FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/Israel/Arabia/
Benfey, O. Theodor (1925- ) ii August Kekule and the Birth of the Structural Theory of Organic Chemistry in 1858, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol.35, No.1 (Jan 1958), 21-23. LOC: BW (copy). Introduces and includes the only complete English translation of Kekuls famous speech given in 1890 explaining how two daydreams triggered his invention of the Structural and Benzine Ring theories. See also Weiss & Brown (1989). FIELDS: 2-Star/Chemistry/Biography/
Bennett, Michael, and Edward Waltz Counterdeception Principles and Applications for National Security. Boston: Artech, forthcoming Aug 2006, about 200 pages. Publishers announcement promises that This is the first technical volume to offer you a current, comprehensive and systematic overview of the concepts and methods that
underlie strategic deception and, more importantly, to provide you with an in-depth understanding of counterdeception. Mr. Bennett, a Purdue BS in EE and a UConn MBA, is a private consultant. Mr. Ed Waltz, a 30-year specialist in intel, has been chief scientist of the Intelligence Innovation Division, BAE Systems since 2004. He offers a tutorial titled Integrating Methods and Tools to Counter Denial and Deception that draws heavily from Whaley, Godson & Wirtz (2002), Harris (1973), and Heuer (1999). FIELDS: Forthcoming/Counterdeception/
Bennett, Richard M. Espionage: An Encyclopedia of Spies and Secrets. London: Virgin, 2002, xii+371pp. Foreword by James Bamford. Preface by David Shayler. LOC: Oxford. A miserable effort by far the worst of a generally bad lot of encyclopedias on intelligence matters. Its many gaps, high proportion of errors, absence of any annotations, and an anemic bibliography are inexcusable in a book that pretends to be a reference work. See instead Lerner (2004). The author is a compiler of reference works aimed at a mass audience. His publisher claims that hed been an intelligence analyst since 1966". REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.46, No.4 (2002), concludes that The entire book is tainted by appalling editing and scholarship. Elsewhere Peake identified and corrected 57 specific errors in Bennetts book, most of which were blatant howlers. REV: Nigel West in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.2 (Summer 2003), 329-340. Abhors the grotesque editing, contradictions, and many gross errors of fact, correcting 42 specific examples. FIELDS: 0-Star/INTEL/HUMINT/
Bennis, Warren (1925- ) and Patricia Ward Biederman i Organizing Genius: The Secrets of Creative Collaboration. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1997, xvi+239pp. Although basically one of those silly guru books, salvaged and made worthwhile through its seven detailed case studies from which the authors draw some moderately useful general conclusions. The case studies cover the Disney Feature Animation group, Xeroxs Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), Apple, Bill Clintons 1992 presidential campaign staff, Lockheeds Skunk Works, Black Mountain College, and the Manhattan Project. Bennis was a Professor of Business Administration at USC, Biederman a journalist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Business/Creativity/
Bercher, Jean-Henri (1883-1963) ii tude Mdico-Lgale de Loeuvre de Conan Doyle et de La Police Scientifique au XXme Sicle. Lyon: A. Storck & Cie, 1906, ii+89pp. LOC: BW3; National Library of Medicine (Bethesda, microfilm); scarce. In two parts, the first (pp. 8-33) analyses the research methods practiced by Sherlock Holmes and the second summarizes those used by police at the time of publication. See also Bogomoletz (1996), 55.
This was Dr. Berchers MD thesis in the Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy at Lyon University where he was a student of famous French criminalist Dr. Alexandre Lacassagne. Bercher also remarked (p. i) that Dr. Locard is always interested in my work on Holmes, which no doubt inspired Locards later book on the same subject. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Berenson, Bernhard [later Bernard] (1865-1959) SEE UNDER: Simpson (1986) Secrest (2004) Bergson, Henri (1859-1941) Le Rire: Essai sur la signification du comique. Paris: Flix Alcan, 1900. i English translation as Laughter: An essay on the meaning of the comic. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911, 200pp. Pioneering but confused study of humor by the French philosopher and future Nobel Laureate. Compare Freud (1905), Leacock (1935), Attardo (1994), Provine (2000), and, for the knock-out blow, Eysenck (1942). FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Berkowitz, Bruce (1956- ) ii The New Face of War: How War Will Be Fought in the 21st Century. New York: The Free Press, 2003, 257pp. LOC: BW. A concise explanation and advocacy of the recently fashionable so-called revolution in military affairs (RMA) brought on by the Information Revolution. Dr. Berkowitz is a former CIA analyst now with the RAND Corporation as a senior consultant. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/
iii Failing to Keep Up With the Information Revolution, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.47, No.1 (2003), 67-74. LOC: BW (copy). FIELDS: 3-Star/Communications/
Berliner, Paul F. iii Thinking in Jazz: The Infinite Art of Improvisation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994, xix+883pp. LOC: CalStateU-Monterey Bay. How musicians learn to improvise individually & collectively and from the 1920s until now. A rare and valuable study of improvisational thinking as a key tool for creative thinking, a necessary quality for all maverick detectives and other deception analysts. Dr. Berliner (1974 PhD in Music from Wesleyan) was an Associate Professor of Ethnomusicology at Northwestern. FIELDS: 3-Star/Creativity/Music/
Berne, Eric (1910-1961) i "The Nature of Intuition," The Psychiatric Quarterly, Vol.23 (1949), 203-226. Reprinted in Eric Berne, Intuition and Ego States (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1977), 1-31. A weak paper. Finished by American therapist, Dr. Berne, while still undergoing his own psychoanalysis with Erik Erikson and five years before creating his own catchy therapeutic school, Transactional Analysis (TA). See also Hogarth (1949). FIELDS: 1-Star/Intuition/
i Games People Play: The Psychology of Human Relationships. New York: Grove Press, 1964, 192pp. Also in PB. Best-selling book on the manipulative interpersonal games that people try on each other. His "Thesaurus of Games" chapter (pp.67-168) is a typology of 36 mind-games. Published posthumously a relevant fact his publisher hid from readers. Id long presumed (as did Gershon Legman) that Dr. Berne had written this amusing but essentially trivial book tongue-in-cheek until I was assured by mutual acquaintances that hed taken himself quite seriously. For a much more perceptive, scholarly, and honest approach see Goffman (1959 & 1969). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychotherapy/
Bernhardt, Douglas i Competitive Intelligence: How to acquire and use corporate intelligence and counterintelligence. London: Prentice Hall/Financial Times, 2003, xvii+109pp. LOC: Webster U. A primer of intel and CI in the business world. Bernhardt, an American, has been prominent in Europe as a consultant on business security since the 1990s. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/Counterintel/Business/
Bertillon, Alphonse (1853-1914) SEE: Rhodes (1956) Berton, Pierre (1920- ) ii The Big Sell: An Introduction to the Black Arts of Door-to-Door Salesmanship & Other Techniques. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1963, 239pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. A readable effort. Recommended by Jeff Busby as one of the better books on con games. Berton was a Canadian journalist and pop historian. For con artists see also Gibson (1927), Norfleet (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Goffman (1952), Campion (1957), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), Abagnale (2000), and Marlock (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/
Betts, Richard K. (1947- ) i Analysis, War and Decision: Why Intelligence Failures are Inevitable, World Politics, Vol.31, No.1 (Oct 1978), 61-89. Reprinted in Dearth & Goodden (1995), 295-316. Betts concludes with, I believe, tragically unnecessary pessimism: My survey of the intractability of the inadequacy of intelligence, and its inseparability from mistakes in decision, suggests one final conclusion that is perhaps most outrageously fatalistic of all: tolerance for disaster. Like Wohlstetter, Betts fails to give adequate weight to the deception factor, a grave weakness in all the authors subsequent publications. See also Merglen (1968) and Craigie (1991). Dr. Betts (1975 Harvard PhD in Government) was then already a rising star in the field of international strategy studies, specializing in strategic surprise. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL-analysis/Surprise/
i Surprise Attack: Lessons for Defense Planning. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1982, xii+318pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; MIT. More of the same. REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 9. Of the recent writings [on indications & warning] Betts is considered by some to be the most useful and authoritative. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Spring 1983. FIELDS: 1-Star/Surprise/
ii Intelligence Warning: Old Problems, New Agendas, Parameters: Journal of the US Army War College, Vol.28, No.1 (Spring 1998), 26-35. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Later thoughts from Dr. Betts who then professed political science at Columbia U. Concludes that the American intelligence community needs to beef up its analytical capability, even if this is at the expense of the collection side. I agree, but would add the need (so dramatically demonstrated by 9/11) to restore the HUMINT element in collection. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/Surprise/
i Fixing Intelligence, Foreign Affairs, Vol.81, No.1 (Jan/Feb 2002), 43-59. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Betts, now Director of Columbia Us Institute of War and Peace Studies, slips backward toward pessimism. He sees only two ways to get effective intelligence on terrorist groups. First, throw in more money. Two, give the U.S. Attorney General carte blanch. I predicted (in 2004) that both courses will only prove counter-productive. FIELDS: 1-Star/Terrorism/INTEL/
________, and Thomas G. Mahnken (1965- ) (editors) ii Paradoxes of Strategic Intelligence: Essays in Honor of Michael I. Handel. London: Frank Cass, 2003, xiv+210pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Marine Corps U; Combined Arms Research Library (Ft. Leavenworth); Stanford. Six original articles plus a reprint of Handel (1984). Prof. Betts is at Columbia U and Dr. Mahnken (Johns Hopkins PhD) is a Professor of Strategy at the Naval War College. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.48, No.1 (2004). REV: Efraim Inbar in Naval War College Review (Winter 2005). Generally quite favorable. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/INTEL/ Knorr & Morgan (1983)
Beveridge, W. I. B. (1908- ) iii Seeds of Discovery. London: Heinemann, 1980, ix+130pp. LOC: San Diego PL. On creativity in science. An update of the authors The Art of Scientific Discovery (1950). A valuable contribution despite its puzzling omission of both Helmholtz and Poincar. See also Koestler (1964). Beveridge was Professor of Animal Biology at Cambridge 1947-1975. FIELDS: 3-Star/Science/Creativity/
Beyerstein, Barry L. (1949- ), and Dale F. Beyerstein (1952- ) (editors) ii The Write Stuff: Evaluations of Graphology The Study of Handwriting Analysis. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992, 515pp. A comprehensive, nearly exhaustive, collection of articles on the analysis of handwriting. They range from belief to skepticism but are strongly weighted toward the latter. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Biddle, Stephen iii Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004, xi+337pp. LOC: BW3; NPS. An in-depth statistical study of battles since 1900. Main findings: ! Neither technological superiority, dominant weapons, nor sheer numbers account for victory. ! Victory in the attack depends on the modern-system offensive tactics, which is a blend of cover, concealment, dispersion, small-unit independent maneuver, suppression, and combined arms integration. (p.35) ! Victory in the defense depends on a similar mix of ground, deep positions, reserves, and counterattack. (pp.44-48) The first finding alone is enough to account for the rather vicious attacks made on his book by most academic strategists. The points of criticism on which I agree with them are, I believe, trivial. The points I agree on with Biddle are crucial. My one regret is that he does not explicitly deal with either surprise in particular or deception in general. See also Dupuy (1985).
Dr. Biddle is an Associate Professor of National Security Studies in the Strategic Studies Institute at the US Army War College. REV: The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.28, No.3 (Jun2005), 411-469. A roundtable set of four critical reviews by Eliot Cohen, Sir Lawrence Freedman, Michael Horowitz & Stephen Rosen, and Martin van Crevelt, plus a reply by Stephen Biddle. FIELDS: 3-Star/Military/
Biderman, Albert D. (1923-2003), and Herbert Zimmer (1924- ) (editors) iii The Manipulation of Human Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1961, xii+323pp. LOC: BW (copy); MIT; Oxford. A still-useful survey undertaken by 10 psychologists and psychiatrists for the U.S. Air Force of the literature on scientific interrogation techniques. See particularly Ellson (1952), Davis (1961), Gottschalk (1961), and Orne (1961). Biderman was an American sociologist. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1961. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CL/R&D/ 3-Star/Interrogation/ CLASSES: 601/603/
Bier, Jesse (1925- ) i The Rise and Fall of American Humor. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968, xii+506pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL; I have not seen the 1981 edition. A scholarly and murky study that manages to entirely overlook the Incongruity Theory of humor. Attempts to define differences that distinguish general American humor from American Black and Jewish and British, Irish, French, German humor. Bier was a Professor of American Literature at the University of Montana, now retired. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/Cultures/
Bindra, B., O. P. Jasuja, A. K. Singla iii Poroscopy: A Method of Personal Identification Revisited, Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.1, No.1 (Jan-Jun 2000). LOC: BW (copy). Further evidence (based on 100 cases) that Locards Poroscopy theory & technique of fingerprint ID is promising. See also Locard (1912). The three co-authors are forensic scientists in India. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fingerprints/ID/
Binet, Alfred (1857-1911) La Psychologie de la Prestidigitation, Revue des Deux Mondes (15 Oct 1894), 346-348. ii English translation as Psychology of Prestidigitation, Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution ... to July, 1894 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1896), 555-571. LOC: BW (copy); MIT. Building on the work of psychologists Sully (1881) and Dessoir (1893), Binet analyzes (general accurately) the psychological ploys used by sleight-of-hand artists to deceive their onlookers.
Additionally, Binet had leading French conjurors Arnould and Raynaly execute sleights with cards and balls. This experiment, which used a stop-action camera set at 12 frames-per-second, revealed two unexpected facts. First, most of the secret moves were unnatural or obvious, working only because of the combined misdirections and maskings of speed, patter, and gestures. Second, Raynaly, in performing the card pass (saut de coupe), had himself been unaware of a crucial masking move, one requiring only about 15/100th of a second. Binet was the pioneering French psychologist later world-famous for his work on child psychology and as inventor in 1904 of the original IQ intelligence test and scale. FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/IMINT/
Bisbing, Richard E. ii Fractured Patterns: Microscopical Investigation of Real Physical Evidence, ModernMicroscopy.com, No.11 (29 Jan 2004), [10pp]. LOC: BW (copy); http://www.modernmicroscopy.com. Applications of the Locard Exchange Principle. Bisbing, a forensic microscopist, was VP & Director of Research with McCrone Associates, Inc., in Westmont, Illinois. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Bittman, Ladislav (1931- ) iiiii The Deception Game: Czechoslovak Intelligence in Soviet Political Warfare. Syracuse: Syracuse University Research Corporation, 1972, 246pp. LOC: BW; NPS; FBI Academy; UC-Berkeley; Oxford. Also in PB (Ballantine). A clearly written exposition of how a senior political-intelligence officer conceives, plans, and conducts deception operations. Essential reading for all concerned. Dr. Larry Bittman (PhD in international relations, Charles University, Prague) was for nearly three years, from February 1964 until December 1966, Deputy Director of the Czechoslovak Interior Ministry's Department for Active Measures (Department D) with rank of major. As such he handled all planning and operations for political deception. Moreover he was the first deception officer to slip past the Iron Curtain. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 219. Calling this a curious political warfare hybrid, B&S doubt this book had really been written by Bittman. They concluded from content analysis of the original Department D manuscript that it was partly original material and partly a team product. Wrong. I had an office next to Larrys at the Fletcher School and read that manuscript as it emerged from his typewriter chapter by chapter. REV: Constantinides (1983), 84, calls this probably the best available treatment on Soviet and Czech deception operations .... REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 10, calls this one of the best available books on Communist peacetime deception operations. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Spring 1973. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: A&P/R&D/CI/Training/ 5-Star/Deception/PSYOPS/ CLASSES: 600/601/602/603/
U.S. Congress, Congress, Internal Security Subcommittee, Hearing. Testimony of Lawrence Britt [cover name of Bittman], 5 May 1971, pp.1-19.
iiii The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View. Washington, D.C.: PergamonBrassey's, 1985, 226pp. Introduction by Roy Godson. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. Of particular value for showing how the author's prepared mind reverse-engineers his deep experience and understanding of Soviet deception planning and operations to detect the hand of KGB disinformation in various recent news stories. REV: Peter Charles Unsinger in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.1, No.2 (Summer 1986), 168-170. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: CI/Training/ CLASSES: 4-Star/PSYOPS/Counterdeception/ Whaley & Bittman (1973) 602/603/
Bjorge, Dr. Gary J. i Deception Operations. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Jan 1986, 32pp. (No.5 in the institutes Historical Bibliography series.) LOC: BW; Stanford. Annotated bibliography of 107 titles on military deception tactics and camouflage in the Combined Arms Research Library (CARL) at Ft. Leavenworth. Slim and non-expert. The annotations are purely descriptive and uncritical. Fortunately superceded by the sections on deception in Clark (1998-2005-present). FIELDS: 1-Star/Camouflage/
iii Moving the Enemy: Operational Art in the Chinese PLAs Huai Hai Campaign. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2004, viii+253pp. Published as Leavenworth Paper No.22. LOC: Army War College; Carlisle Barracks. The Huai Hai Campaign, which ran from Nov 1948-Jan 1949, was the Chinese Communists decisive and largest (million combatants) effort to oust the Nationalist Government from the Chinese mainland. Stresses the ChiComs ability to adapt the teachings of Sun Tzu (Sunzi). Based on Dr. Bjorges unprecedented access to the archives and former participants in both Communist and Nationalist China. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/China/Military/
Black, Max (1909-1988) i The Prevalence of Humbug and Other Essays. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983, 187pp. Professor Blacks title essay alone shows that even such a distinguished philosopher can have difficulty dealing with questions of deception and its detection. Note particularly (pp.117-118) his mistaking Mary McCarthys clear use of hyperbole in her fully justified libel of Lillian Hellman for humbuggery. FIELDS: 1-Star/Logic/
Blackstock, Paul W. (1913- ) iii Agents of Deceit: Frauds, Forgeries, and Political Intrigue among Nations. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1966, 315pp. With an Appendix by George F. Kennan. LOC: BW; NPS; Columbia. Although early, a still useful collection of case studies. Dr. Blackstock (American University PhD in international relations) had served in US Army intelligence in WW II, on the post-war staff of the Chief of Special Warfare, US Department of the Army. Subsequently an Associate Professor of International Relations at the U of South Carolina. REV: Constantinides (1983), 85. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/Fraud/
________, and Frank L. Schaf, Jr. ii Intelligence, Espionage, Counterespionage, and Covert Operations: A Guide to Information Sources. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1978, xv+255pp. LOC: NPS; LSE. Some 600 titles (mostly in English) divided under 21 subjects. Includes detailed annotations and, where appropriate, cross references. Too credulous of a few later thoroughly discredited books such as Stevenson (1976) and, to a lesser degree, Brown (1975) and too suspicious of others such as Bittman (1972). Schaf was a retired US Army colonel with intel experience in the Far East in WW II and during the Korean and Vietnam wars. REV: Constantinides (1983), 87-89. REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 10, rightly cautions that Some of its annotations should be used circumspectly. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/HUMINT/Counterintel/
Blechman, Hardy, and Alex Newman iiii DPM: Disruptive Pattern Material. London: DPM Ltd, 2 volumes, 2004: Vol.1 (An Encyclopaedia of Camouflage: Nature, Military, Culture), 720pp; Vol.2 (Military Camouflage Patterns of the World), 224pp. LOC: BW; U of Minnesota (Vol.1); Oxford. On natural, artistic, and military camouflage. Compiled during seven years of research. Magnificently conceived and fabulously illustrated with over 5,000 images. Accurate introductory comments, well-chosen basic bibliography, and useful index. A rich source of visuals for classroom instruction. And every camoufleurs perfect coffee-table book! Mr. Blechman is a London fashion-design entrepreneur, yoga devotee, and pacifist. REV: Roy R. Behrens in Ballast Quarterly, Vol.20, No.1 (Autumn 2004). REV: Wright (2005). FIELDS: 4-Star/Camouflage/
Blix, Hans (1928- ) iii Disarming Iraq. New York: Pantheon, 2004, x+285pp. LOC: NPS; Monterey PL. Personal account by the UNs senior weapons inspector. See also Whaley (1984), Kay (1994), and Ritter (2005). Dr. Blix was a former Swedish diplomat and foreign minister. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Inspection/Iraq/ CLASSES: 603/
Block, Eugene B. (1890-1988) ii The Wizard of Berkeley. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc.,1958, 254pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; San Diego PL. Important solely because its the only biography of Edward Oscar Heinrich (1881-1953), a pioneer criminologist who founded his private laboratory in Berkeley, California, in the 1920s. Heinrich, the son of German immigrants, had become a self-taught statelicensed pharmacist at age 18 and then, in 1908, took his B.S. in Chemistry from UC, Berkeley. His role in criminology is not as central as his biographer would have us believe. Block, a San Francisco newspaper police-beat reporter, approached all his many subjects with an awesomely credulous breathlessness that sells books but discourages belief. I include some of his more relevant books in this bibliography as nearly perfect examples of poorly researched and clumsily written examples. Also included because Block is the most prolific and one of the more influential true-crime writers. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/Biography/
Fingerprinting: Magic Weapon against Crime. New York: David McKay Company, 1969, 271pp. See instead Beavan (2001). FIELDS: 0-Star/Fingerprints/
i Voiceprinting: How Science Can Read the Voice of Crime. New York: David McKay Co., 1975, 245pp. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
i Hypnosis: A New Tool in Crime Detection. New York: David McKay Co., 1976, 240pp. See instead Deshere (1960), Orne (1961), and Sarbin (1988). FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
Lie Detectors: Their History and Use. New York: David McKay Co., 1977, 211pp. See instead Lykken (1981). FIELDS: 0-Star/Lying/
i Science vs. Crime: The Evolution of the Police Lab. Concord, CA: Cragmont Publications, 1979, 197pp. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
Bloodworth, Dennis (1919-2005) & Ching Ping Bloodworth iii The Chinese Machiavelli: 3,000 Years of Chinese Statecraft. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1976, 346pp. LOC: BW; U of Hong Kong. A handy survey of Realpolitik and deception in Chinese politics and war from antiquity to the present. See also Senger (1988). Bloodworth had served during WW II with British Army Intelligence in North Africa and Italy. In 1949 he became a reporter with The Observer (London) and since 1956 was its unusually perceptive Far East correspondent. His co-author was his Chinese wife, Ching Ping (Apprehensive Ice). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/China/Politics/Military/
iii Crosstalk. London: Secker and Warburg, 1978, 320pp. LOC: Oxford. A serio-comic novel of espionage. Charles Max Magnus, Director of GO(D)General Operations (Deception) section in the S.I.S.plans CROSSTALK, a finely contrived deception operation to keep the waters muddied between Russia and China. For liaison, CIA assigns him Zoe Snow, a dyslexic young magician with seeming powers of clairvoyancea talent which she skeptically denies despite the mounting proof that she can predict a series of disasters evidently caused by Chinese psychokinetic manipulators. But all this is revealed as psychic fraud. A fine novel of two people working their way out of a maze of personal guilt, bureaucratic betrayal, and international deception. In general, Bloodworth succeeds in portraying the themes that Le Carr had only attempted in The Honorable Schoolboy (1977). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/Psi/
Bloom, Murray Teigh (1916- ) ii Money of Their Own: The Worlds Great Counterfeiters. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1957, viii+302pp. LOC: BW. British edition as Money of Their Own: The Great Counterfeiters (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1957, viii+302pp. LOC: Oxford. A popular but knowledgeable account, including nine case studies of counterfeiters of paper money, coins, and postage stamps. The author is a former New York journalist and popular freelance magazine writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/Coins/
Bloomfield, Lincoln P[almer] (1920- ), and Barton Whaley (1928- ) iii A Political-Military Exercise on Naval Communications During a Nuclear Crisis. Cambridge, Mass.: Center for International Studies, MIT, 1964, 1 volume with various pagings. (Center draft paper D/64-2). LOC: MIT. This was the DETEX II political-military game played in 1964 for the Chief Scientist of the U.S. Navy, Dr. John Craven, under a contract with the U.S. Naval Ordinance Test Stations Project MICHELSON. This was part of a series of role-playing games to explore problems of deterrence. See also Whaley & Seidman (1964) and Allen (1987). Dr Linc Bloomfield (PhD) was then an Associate Professor of Political Science at MIT. Previously he had spent 11 years in the U.S. State Department. Retired from MIT in 1991 as full professor. FIELDS: 3-Star/Gaming/Methodology/
i The Political-Military Exercise: A Progress Report, Orbis, Vol.8, No.4 (Winter 1965), 854870. LOC: BW (offprint); MIT (offprint). Digested in Military Review, Vol.45 (Nov 1965), 65-71. A mid-way analysis of the so-called RAND-MIT role-playing games. This particular type of gaming is specifically designed to train the players (individual decision makers and their staffs) to gain insights about the complexities of the kinds of problems set out in the game scenario. Our scenarios were limited to hypothetical but plausible international political-military or terrorist events. See also Roos and Whaley (1964) & Barringer with Whaley (1965). Our original draft, published by CIS/MIT as paper C63-24, was dated 16 Aug 1963. LOC: MIT. REF: Allen (1987), 150-160. FIELDS: 1-Star/Gaming/Terrorism/
Blum, Richard H. (1927- ) i Deceivers and Deceived: Observations on Confidence Men and Their Victims, Informants and Their Quarry, Political and Industrial Spies and Ordinary Citizens. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1972, 328pp. Usefully descriptive of deceivers, their scams, and the victims; but nothing on detection, which is disappointing considering that this book was intended for law enforcement people. Blum, a former US intelligence officer, later wrote three spy thrillers under the pen-name of Hartshorne. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/HUMINT-industry/
Blunden, Bob iiThe Money Launderers. Chalford, England: Management Books 2000, 2001, 152pp. LOC: Congress. How they launder illicit funds and how to catch them at It. See particularly Indications and tell-tale signs (pp.34-36) and Detection (pp.117-124).
Mr. Blunden was a British financial investigator who specialized in money laundering. FIELDS: 2-Star/Economics/
Bly, John (general editor) ii Millers Is It Genuine? How to Collect Antiques with Confidence. London: Mitchell Beazley, 2002, 224pp. LOC: Congress; Sunnyvale PL. A delightful general survey from furniture to toys by 18 specialists. See also Peterson (1975), Mills & Mansfield (1979), Carter (1995), and Chervenka (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Boardman, John (1927- ) ii The History of Greek Vases: Potters, Painters and Pictures. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001, 320pp. LOC: Jacksonville PL. Chapter 2 (pp.128-138), "Connoisseurship", is an important discussion of the Morellian method as applied by Sir John Beazley (publishing since 1910) and the author to identify the various artists who painted classical Athenian pottery. See also Cuomo di Caprio (1993) & Rouet (2001). Sir John Boardman is a distinguished English archaeologist and art historian. FIELDS: 2-Star/Greece/Pottery/
Bock, Gregory R., and Gail Cardew (editors) ii Characterizing Human Psychological Adaptations. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 1997, viii+295pp. LOC: U of Miami. Fifteen papers from the 29-31 Oct 1996 Ciba Foundation symposium on evolutionary psychology. Particularly relevant here are the papers by Roger Shepard, Geoffrey Miller, Cosmides & Tooby, and Marc Hauser. See also Barkow, Cosmides, Tooby (1992). FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/Evolution/
Boden, Margaret A. (1936- ) ii The Creative Mind: Myths & Mechanisms. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1990, xii+303pp; U.S. edition, New York: Basic Books, 1991, xii+303pp. Explores a few promising newer avenues including Artificial Intelligence (AI) but ends in several blind alleys. Also I note too many faulty quotations (from Kekul, W. C. Fields, etc.) for high confidence. See also Turning (1950), Kessler (1964), Eysenck (1995), Simonton (1999), and Fogel (2001). The English author is a Harvard PhD (1964) and Professor of Philosophy and Psychology at the U of Sussex. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Computers/
Bodziak, William J. ii Footprint Impression Evidence: Detection, Recovery, and Examination. 2nd edition, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1999, 497pp. The most nearly comprehensive textbook on the subject but very weak on history and theory. The 1st edition of 448 pages appeared in 1992. See also Abbott (1964), Cassidy (1980), and Hilderbrand (1995). The author was a retired (1998) FBI senior Special Agent since 1970 and with its Laboratory Division from 1973 until retiring in 1997 to found his own private forensic lab. He has a BA in Biology and an MS in Forensic Science. FIELDS: 2-Star/Impressions/
Boese, Alex i The Museum of Hoaxes: A Collection of Pranks, Stunts, Deceptions, and Other Wonderful Stories Contrived for the Public from the Middle Ages to the New Millennium. New York: Dutton, 2002, xi+266pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. Amusing but less scholarly than the author pretends; because, too gullible, he tends to scratch at the surface of his case studies, as, for example, his acceptance of Frances Woods incompetent revisionist take on Marco Polo. At least it bridges the gap between single case studies and the large compendia of Stein (1993), Lindskoog (1993), etc. Mr. Boese is a graduate student (in the history of science) at the University of California at San Diego. This book began as the research notes for the authors doctoral dissertation. FIELDS: 1-Star/Hoax/
Bogomoletz, Dr. Wladimir V. Professor Edmond Locard (1877-1966): French forensic scientist and holmesian par excellence, Back to Baker Street Supplement (London: Sherlock Holmes Society of London, 1995), 4-6. LOC: very scarce. ii Edmond Locard, le Sherlock Holmes franais: Fondateur de la criminalistique et holmsien convaincu, in Socit Sherlock Holmes de France (editor), Sherlock Holmes et la France (Paris: Agence Culturelle de Paris, 1996), 54-56. LOC: BW (copy); Congress. On the intellectual and personal relationships between Edmond Locard and Arthur Conan Doyle. Written by a French Sherlockian. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/France/Biography/
Bok, Sissela (1934- ) iii Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. New York; Pantheon Books, 1978, 326pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW. The first of two marginally relevant but enormously influential books by Dr. Bok, a Swedish-born and Harvard-trained moralistic philosopher. See also Lindskoog (1993) and Forrester (1997). For somewhat contrary views, which I largely share, see Gitter (1963), Walk (1970), Arendt (1971), Nyberg (1993), Hesk (2000), and Campbell (2001). The most comprehensive and more realistic book to cover the same ethical ground and more is Barnes (1994). FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/Ethics/
ii Secrets: On the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation. New York: Pantheon Books, 1983, 332pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW; Air U. Moralistic. Unfortunately influential. I much prefer Barnes (1994). REV: Studies in Intelligence, Spring 1985. FIELDS: 2-Star/Ethics/
ii Secrets and Deception: Implications for the Military, Naval War College Review, Vol.38 (Mar-Apr 1985), 73-80. LOC: BW (copy). A paper on unintended consequence of distrust among governments and how to avoid it through down-playing secrecy and deception. Paper based on a lecture that Bok had given at the Naval War College, which in turn drew from Bok (1983) above. See also Kiss (2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/Ethics/
iii Truthfulness, Deceit, and Trust, in Menkel-Meadow & Wheeler (2004), 79-90. Dr. Boks most recent thoughts replace her previously rather moralistic rants against deceit with a more realistic and pragmatic argument. Still, she manages to misread Machiavelli as an advocate of violence and deceit. At the time of writing this she was with the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Deception/
Bologna, G. Jack, and Robert J. Lindquist ii Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting: New Tools and Techniques. 2nd edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,1995, 249pp. A basic textbook. The 1st edition had appeared in 1987. See also Silverstone & Davia (2005). Both authors are accountants. Dr.Bologna is also a lawyer (JD) and Professor of Management at Sienna Height College. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/
________, and Paul Shaw (1939- ) i Corporate Crime Investigation. Boston and Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996, 250pp. A handbook for corporate security pros, in-house lawyers, and internal auditors. FIELDS: 1-Star/Criminology/Business/
Bond, Brian (1936- ) ii Liddell Hart: A Study of his Military Thought. London: Cassell, 1977, x+289pp. LOC: Oxford. US edition, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1977, x+289pp. LOC: NPS. A balanced and somewhat informative account, although one not shared by the large anti-Liddell Hart claque. Still sadly weak on Liddell Harts fine theoretical statements about his theory of the indirect approach and deception in general. See Liddell Hart (1929a, 1929b, 1945) and particularly Gat (2001), 643-828. Bond, a British military historian, was a research assistant and admitted protg of Liddell Hart. REV: Paul M. Kennedy in Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.1, No.1 (May 1978), 111-112. REV: Castel (2003) for one highly critical view. FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/
Bones (Fox-TV mystery series on forensic anthropology) SEE: Reichs, Kathleen J. Bonfantini, Massimo A., and others (editors) Menzogna e Simulazione [Lies and Simulations]. Naples: Edizione scientifiche italiane, 1997, 308pp. LOC: Princeton; scarce; not seen. A revised collection of articles originally presented at a conference held in October 1992. Bonfantini is an Italian semiotician in Milan. FIELDS: ?-Star/Lying/
Boone, Elizabeth H[ill] (editor) (1948- ) ii Falsifications and Misreconstructions of Pre-Columbian Art: A Conference at Dumbarton Oaks, October 14th and 15th, 1978. Washington, D.C.: Trustees for Harvard University, 1982, x+142pp. LOC: Getty; U of Miami; U de Montral; Cambridge U. Includes eight of the papers that had been presented at the conference. FIELDS: 2-Star/Archaeology/Art/
Boone, J[ames] V. iii A Brief History of Cryptology. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2005, xi+192pp. LOC: NPS. Concise and authoritative. James V. Boone is an electrical engineer with long service as a USAF officer before going to work for NSA, then TRW 1981-96, and finally as adjunct professor at George Mason U and the Joint Military Intelligence College. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Cryptology/ CLASSES: 603/
Boorman, Scott (1949- ) iii Deception in Chinese Strategy, in William W. Whitson (editor), The Military and Political Power in China in the 1970s (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972), 313-337. A superb, important theoretical and historical study. Mr. Boorman, Peking-born son of sinologue Howard Boorman, graduated summa cum laude in 1970 in Applied Mathematics from Harvard where in 1972 he was a Junior Fellow of the Society of Fellows. At that time my own early thinking on deception was stimulated by discussions with him. In 1973 he took a Harvard PhD in Sociology and in 1978 a JD from Yale where he is now a Professor of Sociology. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/China/Deception/
i "Deception in Chinese Strategy: Some Theoretical Notes on the Sun-Tzu and Game Theory," in Colonel William W. Whitson (editor), The Peoples' Liberation Army in the 1970's (New York: Praeger, 1972), 315-316. FIELDS: 1-Star/China/Deception/
________, and Paul R. Levitt ii "The Evolutionary Roots of Sociality," in the authors The Genetics of Altruism (New York: Academic Press, 1980), 1-31. This mathematically oriented chapter gives leads to studies of interspecies and intraspecies mimicry and alarm warnings. FIELDS: 2-Star/Evolution/
Booth, Jennifer ii Dr Drewe a cautionary tale, Art Libraries Journal, Vol.28, No.2 (Preston, England: 2003), 14-17. LOC: BW (copy). On the Drewe-Myatt art forgery case on the late 1990s. Booth, former Archivist of Londons Tate Gallery, gives the details of how Drewes clever scam of infiltrating false documentation (provenance) of Myatt forgeries into library archives to prove their authenticity. See also Houghton (2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Biography/
Booth, Martin The Doctor and the Detective: A Biography of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. New York: St. Martins Minotaur/Thomas Dunne Books, 1997, xii+371pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. Possibly the worst biography of Doyleinexcusable given the extraordinary amount of available documentation. By careful but mindless paraphrasing, Booth, a minor British novelist and documentarian, evades charges of plagiarism from such previous key biographers as Higham (1976) who did the real digging. This book is a fine example of research that is less than the sum of its parts. Booth manages the Gatekeepers classic trick of putting 2 and 0 together and coming up with 1. FIELDS: 0-Star/Biography/
Borchard, Edwin M. (1884-1951) i Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Judgment. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1932, xxix+421pp. Facsimile reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1970. LOC: San Diego PL. The first book on the subject. Based on 65 cases (62 American and 3 English) where courts admitted innocence when freeing the convicts. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Law/
Dwyer, Neufeld, & Scheck (2000)
Bordier, Henri (1817-1888), and mile Mabille Une Fabrique de Faux Autographes,ou Rcit de laffaire Vrain Lucas. Paris: Lon Techener, 1870, 110pp. ii English translation by Joseph Rosenblum as Prince of Forgers. New Castle, Delaware: Oak Knoll Press, 1998, 202pp. LOC: BW. In the 19 years prior to his trial in 1870 Vrain-Denis Lucas forged some 27,000 literary documents. After 15 years hed grown reckless enough to forge autographed letters in modern French of Mary Magdalene to Lazarus, Cleopatra to Caesar, Pompey to Cato, and Alexander the Great. Bordier and Mabille were leading French document experts whod testified against Lucas. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Bothmer, Dietrich von (1918- ), and Joseph V. Noble (1920- ) ii An Inquiry into the Forgery of the Etruscan Terracotta Warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1961, 28pp+24 plates. LOC: Getty; Oxford. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Sculpture/
Noble (1968)
Bottom, Norman R., Jr. (1938- ), [and] Robert R. J. Gallati ii Industrial Espionage: Intelligence Techniques and Countermeasures. Boston: Butterworth Publishers, 1984, xvii+332pp. Foreword by William E. Colby. LOC: Oxford. A sketchy overview. Dr. Bottom (1971 PhD from Claremont Graduate U), formerly with the DIA, has been a private security consultant since 1982. Dr. Gallati (JD), former NYPD Chief of Detectives, was then a Professor of Criminal Justice at Northwestern. REV: Peter Charles Unsinger in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.2, No.1 (Spring 1987), 131-132. FIELDS: 2-Star/TECHINT/HUMINT-industry/
Boulle, Pierre (1912-1994) Les Oreilles de Jungle. Paris: Flamarion, 1972. ii English translation by Michel Dobry & Lynda Cole as Ears of the Jungle. New York: Vanguard, 1972, 224pp. A novel. By simple ruses the Vietcong spoof the Americans ultra-sophisticated multimillion dollar electronic sensors scattered along the Ho-Chi-Minh Trail. The protagonist is Madame Ngha, chief of North Vietnamese Intelligence. In reality, the American sensor system in use at that time was vulnerable to precisely the types of spoofing that Boulles clever mind conceived as fiction. All the more amazing that the real Vietcong did not even attempt to play such games other than the Old Urine Trick. Boulle, a French rubber planter in Malaya at the outbreak of WW II, joined the Free French Intelligence as an undercover agent in Malaya, China, Indochina, Burma, and India against the Japanese, 1941-45. Trained in guerrilla fighting by Force 136 in Malaya in Aug 1940. Based in Kunming, China from Feb 1942. Infiltrated Indochina in Apr and taken prisoner by the Vichy French in Sep 1942. Helped to escape in Nov 1944 and flown to Calcutta to join the Free French Special Force in which he served until the end of hostilities. Best known for his novels The Bridge Over the River Kwai (1952) and Planet of the Apes (1963). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 2-Star/Fiction/Asymmetry/
Boulton, M[atthew] P[iers] W[att] ( -1894) Remarks concerning Certain Pictures supposed to be Photographs of Early Date. London: Bradbury & Evans, 1865, 74pp. LOC: Oxford; scarce; not seen. This is the 3rd and definitive edition of Boultons booklet, the original of which had been published the previous year (1864), making it very likely the first investigation of photographs as questioned documents. The photos in question (several paper images and two metal plates) surfaced in England in 1863 when they purported to be the worlds first, having been made as an experiments at the end of the 1700s (around 1780) & beginning of the 1800s by the Lunar Society. Said Society included such scientific celebrities (all deceased) as Matthew Boulton (MPW Boultons grandfather), James Watt, Joseph Priestly, Josiah Wedgwood, Erasmus Darwin, and William Herschel. M. P. W. Boulton showed in his 1st edition that the paper photos depicted buildings that were not yet there around 1780. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Mr. Price, the discoverer had previous been involved in most dishonest practices.
This 3rd edition (of 3 editions and 2 variants) reportedly incorporated some of the extensive arguments and counter-arguments provoked by the earlier editions. FIELDS: ?-Star/IMINT/
Boulton, Michael J., and Peter K. Smith ii "The Social Nature of Play Fighting and Play Chasing: Mechanisms and Strategies Underlying Cooperation and Compromise," in Barkow, Cosmides, Tooby (1992), 429-444. Pioneering study by two evolutionary psychologists from the University of Sheffield, England, of the likely genetic hot-wiring of some animal and all human brains with strategies for chasing prey and evading predators. FIELDS: 2-Star/Zoology/Evolution/
Bourrie, Mark (1957- ) i Flim Flam: Canadas Greatest Frauds, Scams, and Con Artists. Toronto: Hounslow Press, 1998, 155pp. LOC: U of New Mexico (Valencia). An amusing but lightweight compendium of famous modern Canadian cases. Bourrie is an award-winning Canadian journalist working on his PhD in military intelligence. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/Fraud/Canada/
Bouquard, Thomas J. ii Arson Investigation: The Step-by-Step Procedure. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1983, 113pp. Outlined like an auto-repair trouble-shooting manual. See also Cooke & Ide (1985), Micheels (1991), and Faith (1999). The author was a lieutenant in the Buffalo Fire Department in upper-state New York. FIELDS: 2-Star/Arson/
Bowden, Mark (1951- ) ii Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the Worlds Greatest Outlaw. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2001, 296pp. LOC: NPS. A thoroughly researched study of the tracking and killing of Pablo Escobar, the first of the major Colombian drug lords. Bowden is an American journalist, formerly a reporter with The Philadelphia Enquirer and thence with The Atlantic. Best known for his book Black Hawk Down (1999). REV: Jon A. Wiant in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.46, No.1 (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Tracking/Biography/
iii The Dark Art of Interrogation, The Atlantic Monthly, Vol.292, No.3 (Oct 2003). LOC: http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2003/10/bowden.htm. The most nearly comprehensive survey of the field, although diluted and distracted by moralistic considerations. See also Toliver & Scharff (1979), Pinto (1952), Hoare (2000), Aussaresses (2002), and Mackey & Miller (2004). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/Interrogation/Ethics/ CLASSES: 603/
Bowen, Col. Russell J. SEE UNDER: Cline & others (1983) Bowers, C. Michael ii Forensic Dental Evidence: An Investigators Handbook. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004, xx+211pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno. An overview aimed at both specialists and generalists. Written with the assistance of 8 international specialists. Dr. Bowers (DDS, JD) is an American dental detective with 20 years of experience. REV: Dr. Bryan Chrz in Anil Aggarwals Internet Journal of Forensic Toxicology, Vol.5, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2004). Rates it excellent. FIELDS: 2-Star/Dentistry/
Bowman, Sheridan iii Radiocarbon Dating. London: British Museum Publications, 1990, 64pp. LOC: British L. An authoritative introductory textbook on this important detection tool invented in 194751 by Willard F. Libby. See also Taylor (1997). Dr. Bowman was Keeper of the Department of Scientific Research at the British Museum. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Science/
________ (editor) iii Science and the Past. London: British Museum Press, 1991, 192pp. LOC: San Diego State U; British L. On the application of science to archaeology. Ten articles by 9 experts. See also Craddock (1997). FIELDS: 3-Star/Archeology/
Bowyer, J. Barton [joint pseudonym of Bart Whaley and J. Bowyer Bell] SEE UNDER: Whaley & Bell (1982). Boyd, John (1927-1997) SEE: Hammond (2001) Coram (2002)
Boylan, Jeanne ii Portraits of Guilt: The Woman Who Profiles the Faces of Americas Deadliest Criminals. New York: Pocket Books, 2000, viii+328pp. Despite the publishers publicity-grubbing subtitle, a perceptive account by a professional forensic artist who developed her own style of empathic interviewing of crime victims to draw out facial details more reliably than the usual police sketch artists. See also Hinkle (1989 & 1990). FIELDS: 2-Star/ Interrogation/Empathy/ID/
Bozeman, Adda B[ruemmer] (1908- ) ii Strategic Intelligence & Statecraft: Selected Essays. Washington, DC: Brasseys (US), Inc., 1992, xiii+259pp. LOC: NPS. A collection of Prof. Bozemans papers from the 1980s. Concludes that Western scholars must understand all aspects of a states culture before they can assess statecraft and intelligence. Very highly recommended, for what its worth, by Ernest May, Harry Howe Ransom, and Robert David Steele. Dr. Bozeman (JD, Southern Methodist University Law School) was Professor Emeritus of International Relations from Sarah Lawrence College. She has published extensively on intelligence matters and was a founding member of the Consortium for the Study of Intelligence and a member of the Executive Committee of the Intelligence Section of the International Studies Association. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Brady, Christopher i Intelligence Failures: Plus a Change ..., Intelligence and National Security, Vol.8, No.4 (Oct 1993), 86-96. LOC: NPS. Firmly in the pessimistic Wohlstetter-Betts camp. Brady, an ex-Royal Navy commander and PHD candidate, was then a Senior Lecturer in International Affairs at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/Surprise/
Brams, Steven J. (1940- ) ii "Deception in 2 x 2 Games," Journal of Peace Science, Vol. 2, No.2 (Spring 1977), 171-203. LOC: BW (1975 draft). A pioneering incorporation into game theory of deception, a cross-over problem that Brams had begun investigating by 1974 and of which hed produced the first draft in 1975. See also Axelrod (1979). Dr. Brams (1966 MIT PhD in Political Science), a prominent American gametheory-oriented political scientist, has been a Professor in New York Universitys Department of Politics since 1969. Most of his many later books and articles touch on deception and verification. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/GameTheory/
Branson, Major L[ionel] H[ugh] (1879-1946) iii A Lifetime of Deception: Reminiscences of a Magician. London: Robert Hale Limited, 1953, 209pp. LOC: BW; Congress; UC-Berkeley; Oxford; Australian Defence Force Academy. Interesting and amusing memoirs proving that proficiency in conjuring and practical joking didnt hurt the career of this English officer who served with the Indian Army from 1899 until 1922 when invalided out. During that period he freely used magicians oblique and inverse thinking to ambush some ambushers, solve crimes, detect malfeasance, and solve bureaucratic and personal dilemmas. Born in England, Branson had learned magic in 1887 from reading Hoffmann's Modern Magic. Then around 1889 he studied under the famous Charles Bertram. Branson was strictly an amateur sleight-of-hand magus, except in 1913 when as Lionel Cardac he played Londons Palace of Varieties for 3 weeks and also making a 25minutes conjuring demo film for the Hepworth Company. A Member of the Inner Magic Circle (MIMC), he was also a notable practical joker. His two younger sons, Tony (b.1909) & Cyril (b.1918), both became amateur magicians. He wrote Indian Conjuring (1922, 103pp) & under the pen name of Elbiquet two rather good textbooks, A TextBook of Magic (1913, 200pp) & Supplementary Magic (1917). British Army officer, including two secret intelligence assignments in China in 1904. During his service with the Indian Army, 1899-1922, he was generally recognized as its best magician. Also in WW I, as Chief Field Censor, did some more secret intelligence work. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Magic/Biography/
Braunschweig, Pierre Th. (1955- ) Geheimer Draht nach Berlin: die Nachrichtenlinie Masson-Schellenberg und die schweizerische Nachrichtendienst in Zweiten Weltkrieg. 2nd edition, Zurich, Switzerland: Verlag Neue Zrcher Zeitung, 1989, 528pp. LOC: Congress; British L. iiii English translation as Secret Channel to Berlin: The Masson-Schellenberg Connection and Swiss Intelligence in World War Two. Philadelphia: Casemate, 2004, xxii+521pp. Translation by Karl Vonlanthen. Foreword by Joseph P. Hayes. LOC: NPS. Brilliant case study of how a finely tuned intelligence service enabled a small nation to avoid surprise attack by a powerful neighbor. Braunschweig places considerable weight on Wohlstetters Signal-versus-Noise Theory despite his acknowledgment and partial acceptance of my criticism. Author Burroughs, head of X-ray research at Harvards Fogg Museum of Art, was a pioneer in this field. In 1934 hed done the analysis on the worlds first art museum show where all the objects had been X-rayed, namely the 36 portraits that comprised the exhibition of 17th century New England paintings held at the Worcester, Massachusetts, art museum, for which see: Louisa Dresser & Alan Burroughs, XVIIth Century Painting in New England: A Catalogue of an Exhibition (Worcester, MA: Worcester Art Museum, 1935, 187pp).
Dr. Braunschweig (D.Phil., Bern) was a former Swiss diplomat and personal assistant to the Chief of the General Staff of the Swiss Army. This book was originally his doctoral thesis at the University of Bern. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.49, No.2 (2005). CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 4-Star/INTEL/Channels/
Brent, Michel iiii Faking African Art, Archaeology, Vol.54, No.1 (New York: Jan-Feb 2001), 26-32. LOC: BW (copy). A model, indeed superb, case study of a counterdeception analyst in action: 1) Brents instincts tell him that something is not quite right with the magnificently posed ram from the famous Kuhn Collection of African art that sold at Sothebys for $275,000 in 1991. 2) He travels to the remote site of its excavation and in 1998, by bribery, gets a full confession from its forger, Mr. Amadou, who had helped excavate the genuine forepart in 1986 and then fabricate the full animal. 3) He verifies all key details of this selfalleged forgers confession by interviews with the forgers various collaborators from nine years before. And, finally, 4) by networking interviews he tracks the movements of this fake, dealer-by-dealer to the Kuhn Collection. His one-person investigation took five years. Includes the authors useful sidebar (p.31) on The Limits of TL. Brent is a Belgian journalist specialized in West African cultural affairs. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Art/Africa/Counterdeception/Tracking/
Breuer, William B. (1923- ) Deceptions of World War II. New York: Wiley, 2001, xii+242pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. Worthless for our purposes, as are the authors other earlier undocumented, unbibliographed, and un-indexed but widely cited war books. FIELDS: 0-Star/Deception/Military/
Brewer, Susan A[nn] (1958- ). iTo Win the Peace: British Propaganda in the United States during World War II. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997, xiii+269pp. LOC: NPS. Far better than the rather hysterical account by Mahl (1998). Dr. Brewer did her MA at LSE and a 1991 PhD in History at Cornell. REV: D. Cameron Watt in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.14, No.2 (Summer 1999), 203-207. Enthusiastic review. FIELDS: 1-Star/PSYOPS/
Bridgland, Tony Sea Killers in Disguise: The story of the Q-Ships & Decoy Ships in The First World War. London: Leo Cooper, 1999, 224pp. LOC: Oxford. ii American edition, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1999, xiii+274pp. LOC: NPS; UC-Berkeley; Imperial College (London). Highly recommended by Frank Stech for its focus on the interplay of deception & counterdeception. See also Beesly (1982) and Slavik (2003). Bridgland is a British writer on modern naval history. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Counterdeception/
Brindy, James ii Shoplifting: A Manual for Store Detectives. 2nd Edition, Revised. Matteson, Ill.: Cavalier Press, 1970, v+206pp. LOC: Auraria L (Denver). A thorough job. The 1st edition had appeared in 1967. The author, a retail store security director, was a former undercover agent and arson investigator. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/Business/
Bristow, Mercer iii Scientific Detection of Philatelic Forgeries, in Weiss & Chartier (2004), 54-65. A concise overview of the scientific tests and procedures for detecting counterfeit postage stamps. Bristow was Director of the American Philatelic Societys Expertizing Service. CLASSES: FIELDS: Britt, Lawrence (cover name) SEE: Bittman (1972) Broad, William (1951- ), and Nicholas Wade iiii Betrayers of the Truth. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982, 256pp. Still the best of the several books on fraud in science. Less optimistic than Kohn (1986). See also Rostand (1958/1960), Miller & Hersen (1992), LaFollette (1992), Park (2000), and Gratzer (2000). The authors are American science reporters. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Science/Fraud/ CLASSES: 601/ 603/ 3-Star/Stamps/
________ ii The Impossible Task for Americas Spies, New York Times, 11 May 2003. LOC: Stech. On the difficulties of verifying Iraqi arms control violations given the tendency of gatekeepers in intelligence services to overly credit information they believe their bosses want and suppress that which they believe would be unwelcome. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Inspection/Gatekeepers/
Broadbent, Donald E. (1926-1993) ii Perception and Communication. New York: Pergamon Press, 1958, 338pp. A classic textbook of cognitive psychology. Among other contributions, it presents the authors Filter Theory, which states that we can only attend to one sound channel at a time. See also Cherry (1966). Dr. Broadbent (ScD) was an English experimental psychologist who pioneered in what later became called cognitive psychology. At Cambridge when this book was published, he would transfer in 1974 to Oxford. FIELDS: 2-Star/Perception/Communications/
Brodie, Thomas Graham i Bombs and Bombings: A Handbook to Protection, Security, Detection, Disposal and Investigation for Industry, Police and Fire Departments. 3rd edition, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd., 2005, xi+316pp. LOC: Brigham Young U (Idaho); Australian Defence Force Academy. Standard textbook. Strong on identification and how to defuse. Too weak on the detection side to warrant much attention here. The 1st edition had appeared in 1972 at 183pp, the 2nd in 1996 at 276pp. Capt. Brodie was a former Florida Metro Dade Police Department bomb squad expert. FIELDS: 1-Star/Science/
Bronowski, J[acob] (1908-1974) iii Science and Human Values. Revised Edition, New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965, xiv+119pp. LOC: San Diego PL. Proposes that both scientists and artists seek hidden likenesses (congruities) in nature. The first edition appeared in 1956 and was based on three lectured delivered MIT in 1953. Dr. Bronowski was born in Poland and educated in England with a 1933 Cambridge PhD in mathematics. In operational research in WW II. Also studied physics, biology, literature, and art. Famous for his popular BBC-TV science programs. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Science/Art/
Brosnan, John (1947- ) iii Movie Magic: The Story of Special Effects in the Cinema. London: Macdonald, 1974, 285pp; New York: St. Martins Press, 1974, 285pp. LOC: BW. Other editions. Despite its age, still the best history of early cinematic FX. See also Johnson (1996). Brosnan is an Australian film writer living in London. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Cinema/
Brown, Anthony Cave (1929- ) i Bodyguard of Lies. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1975, x+947pp. LOC: BW; NPS. The earliest overview of Allied deception operations against Germany in WW II. Involved 7 years research. At the time Brown published, I found it a generally useful first breakthrough into large parts of previously classified literature. The then U.S. President Carters White House staff, specifically Press Secretary Jody Powell, was raving about it to anyone whod listen revealing of how little understood military deception had been at the highest level of U.S. government. All the experts (Trevor-Roper, Michael Howard, Pforzheimer, Constantinides, and J. Ransom Clark) were properly unhappy with the books many errors of both fact and interpretation. Fortunately, Browns book has been recently superceded by Holt (2004). Mr. Brown (often incorrectly double-barreled surnamed Cave Brown) had been a British foreign correspondent. REV: H. R. Trevor Roper in New York Review of Books, Vol.23 (19 Feb 1976), 13-16. Critical. REV: Dennis Wheatley in RUSI. A damning critique. REV: Michael Howard in Times Literary Supplement, (28 May 1976), 641-642. Ditto. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Spring 1976. REV: Constantinides (1983), 112-113. Concurs with the earlier critics. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Military/
Brown, James Robert iii Who Rules in Science: An Opinionated Guide to the Wars. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001, xi+236pp. A largely fair account of the so-called science wars that, while laying much well-deserved criticism all around, leans heavily toward the scientists. Like most modern philosophers, Brown interjects his political, social, and moral values, which in his case are left and liberal. At least he does so openly. See also Haack (1997 & 2003), Sokal & Bricmont (1997), Koertge (1998), and Weinberg (2001). He is a professor of philosophy at the U of Toronto and an historian of science. FIELDS: 3-Star/Science/
Brown, Louis iii A Radar History of World War II: Technical and Military Imperatives. Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1999, xvi+563pp. LOC: NPS. A detailed and comprehensive study of the deployment radar devices, systems, and deployment before to 1945. Spells out the scientific, technical, and military aspects. Extended coverage of radar in Britain, Germany, the United States, Japan, and the Soviet Union, plus passing mention of its role in Australia, Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands, South Africa, and Switzerland. Brown was a physicist with the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Science/
Brown, Colonel (USAF) Ronald R. (1941- ) iiii Deception: A Model. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University, May 1984, vii+34pp. LOC: BW (copy); Air U; Army War College. Makes full use of the Bell-Whaley matrix (throughout) and neatly modifies our Deception Planning Loop (p.9). This was Colonel Browns required research paper as a student at the Air War College. A USAF career weather officer, Brown was first attracted to the study of deception while supporting the 7th Air Force Command Center during the Operation Bolo, a deception in the air war in North Vietnam in 1966, which he includes as a case study. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Deception/
Brown, Stephen R. iii Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner, and a Gentleman Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail. New York: St. Martins Press, 2004, 254pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. A fine study of a classic problem in epidemiology, namely how the cause and cure was discovered for scurvy. That killer-disease was generally found only among long-distance sailors and was by far the main cause of ship-board deaths worldwide throughout the 1500s, 1600s, and 1700s. For example, of the 185,000 men who sailed with the Royal Navy during the Seven Years War (1755-63) only 1,500 were killed in action or died of wounds while 134,000 died of diseasemainly scurvy. Scurvy was finally traced to a dietary deficiency and cured by provisioning ships with limes/lemons (recognized in 1932 as a prime source of vitamin C). As British sailors were the first (1795) to receive rations of lime (lemons) this is why they came (beginning in 1918) to be called limeys. Author Brown is a Canadian graduate historian specialized in science history. REV: Xavier K. Maruyama in Naval War College Review, Vol.58 (Fall 2005). FIELDS: 3-Star/Epidemiology/
Brown, Tom, Jr. (1950- ) iiii The Science and Art of Tracking. New York: Berkley Books, 1999, xii+219pp. LOC: BW. Importantly adds the psychology of the tracking process to the usual narrow focus of other trackers on signs. The Apache-trained Anglo author even manages to demystify the art side of tracking. See also Corbett (1953), Scott-Donelan (1998), Elbroch (2003), McDougall (1997), and even Tannrath (1948). The first of this American outdoorsmans 16 books on tracking and wilderness survival was The Tracker (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1978). That year (1978) Brown founded his famous Tracker School which in 2003 with Kevin Reeve as Director, celebrated its 25th anniversary in its offices in Asbury, New Jersey. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Tracking/
Browne, Douglas G. (1884- ), and E. V. Tullett i Bernard Spilsbury: His Life and Cases. London: George G. Harrap & Co., Ltd., 1951, 422pp. U.S. edition as The Scalpel of Scotland Yard: The Life of Sir Bernard Spilsbury. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1952, 503pp. Foreword by W. Bentley Purchase. Reprinted 1988. Best-selling hagiographic biography of Sir Bernard Spilsbury (1877-1947). Dr. Spilsbury was a contentious and much overrated forensic pathologist. Lawyers (like Ewen Montagu) were much impressed by him but his medical colleagues werent. See also Smith (1959), Camps (1966), Walls (1972), Simpson (1978), and Green in Brownlie (1984), 22-26. FIELDS: 1-Star/Medicine/Biography/
Brownell, Hiram H., Dee Michel, John Powelson, and Howard Gardner (1943- ) ii Surprise But Not Coherence: Sensitivity to Verbal Humor in Right-Hemisphere Patients, Brain and Language, Vol.18 (1983), 20-27. LOC: BW (copy). Pioneering study that supports the hypothesis that humor is interpreted at two levels initially, the ability to detect surprise (simple incongruency) and the subsequent ability to establish coherence between the surprise ending and the body (premise) of the joke. This study has been significantly added to by Winner & Brownell (1998), Shammi & Stuss (1999) and Goel & Dolan (2001). Dr. Brownell is a psychologist. Gardner was a distinguished psychologist and neurologist at Boston U. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Surprise/Incongruity/
Brownlie, Alistair R. (editor) (1924- ) ii Crime Investigation: Art or Science?: Patterns in a Labyrinth. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1984, ix+91pp. LOC: Congress; U of Florida; Oxford. This is the published proceedings of the 1982 Ninth International Meeting of The International Association of Forensic Sciences. Held at Oxford University. The editor was a British lawyer specialized in forensic medicine. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Brugioni, Dino A. (1923?- ) Spotting Photo Fakery, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.13, No.1 (Winter 1969), 57-67. LOC: not seen. CIAs earliest published study of the subject. Reportedly designed to introduce intelligence analysts to the basic techniques that can be applied to photos to determine if they have been altered or faked. Originally classified SECRET. The author flew 66 US Army Air Corps bombing and recon missions in Europe in WW II. He joined the CIA in 1948 and advanced to become a senior officer with CIAs National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC). FIELDS: ?-Star/IMINT/
iiii The Unidentifieds, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.13, No.3 (Summer 1969), 1-20. Reprinted in Westerfield (1995), 8-26. On the limits on interpreting overhead images of certain kinds of objects. Points out that correct identification may often require other lines of sight, some of which can only be obtained by agents on the ground. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/IMINT/ CLASSES: 600/603/
iiiIf You Cant See It, You Cant Hit It, Air Power History, Vol.45, No.4 (Winter 1998), 18-25. LOC: BW3(copy). On the use of smoke to conceal tactical military operations. FIELDS: 3-Star/IMINT/
iiii Photo Fakery: The History and Techniques of Photographic Deception and Manipulation. Dulles, Virginia: Brasseys, 1999, xii+227pp. LOC: BW; FBI Academy; U of Central Florida; Oxford. Excellent comprehensive survey by a former CIA photo and image interpreter. Highly recommended by magician Jeff Busby for its insights on how deception in magic works. See also Nickell (1994). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/A&P/ 4-Star/IMINT/Magic/ CLASSES: 603/
Brun, Jean-Franois (1957- ) Faux et Truques. Paris: 1989. English translation as Out-Foxing the Fakers. Bellefonte, PA: American Philatelic Society, 1993, 119pp. LOC: Smithsonian Institution; scarce; not seen. Reportedly on the methods of detecting all types of forgeries. Highly recommended by philatelic specialist James Lee. FIELDS: ?-Star/Stamps/
Bruner, Jerome S. (1915- ) ii On Knowing: essays for the left hand. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962, 165pp. LOC: Palm Beach Atlantic College. Collected essays on intuition and creativity by the distinguished Harvard psychology professor (1941 Harvard PhD) who, running counter to the Behaviorists, specialized in problems of cognition and perception to become part of the pioneering wave of the cognitive revolution. FIELDS: 2-Star/Intuition/Creativity/
iii In Search of Mind: Essays in Autobiography. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1983, xii+306pp. FIELDS: 3-Star/Biography/
________, and Leo J. Postman (1918- ) iii "On the Perception of Incongruity: A Paradigm," Journal of Personality, Vol.18, No.1 (Sep 1949), 206-223. , Reprinted in Jerome S. Bruner & David Krech (editors), Perception and Personality (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1950). Reprinted in Jerome S. Bruner, Beyond the Information Given: Studies in the Psychology of Knowing (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1973), 68-83. LOC: BW (copy). Reports the co-authors brilliant study of how people reacted to seeing playing cards from a trick deck where the colors of the suits were reversed, red for black and vice versa. Later discussed by Bruner (1983), 85-86. Postman was then a Harvard psychologist who later moved to UC-Berkeley. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Perception/
Brunvand, Jan Harold (1933- ) i Too Good to be True: The Colossal Book of Urban Legends. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, 480pp. Professor Brunvand, a prominent American folklorist, virtually started the fad of identifying urban legends in the 1980s. He has published eight popular books on this subject (1981-2004) and a syndicated newspaper column (1987-1992). FIELDS: 1-Star/Folklore/
ii The Truth Never Stands in the Way of a Good Story. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000, 217pp. A scholarly study of urban legends. FIELDS: 2-Star/Folklore/
Brussel, James A. (1905-1982) ii Casebook of a Crime Psychiatrist. New York: Bernard Geis Associates, 1968, 212pp. Dr. Brussel, M.D., pioneered, indeed launched, the current fad for forensic behavioral profiling by solving the famous Mad Bomber case in 1956-57. Typically, in recounting
that case the author over-hypes himself and cheats his trusting readers by omitting mention of his several wrong profiling guesses about the bomber. Brussel adds five of his later cases, cleverly including one admitted failurethereby giving the impression of modesty and truthfulness while implying that he's right at least 80% of the time. See also Abrahamsen (1983) and Kirwin (1997). FIELDS: 2-Star/Profiling/
Bryan, Ian i Interrogation and Confession: A Study of Progress, Process and Practice. Britain: Ashgate/Dartmouth, 1997, ix+338pp. History plus the present state of the art based on a sample of 683 British cases. Unfortunately for our purposes, concentrates on the legalities rather than the truth value of interrogation and confession. See also Aubry & Caputo (1980) and Gudjonsson (1992). The author is a British lawyer (LL.D) in the law department at Lancaster U. FIELDS: 1-Star/Interrogation/Britain/
Bryant, Melrose M. iii Deception in Warfare: Selected References from Air University Library Collection. Revised edition, Maxwell AFB, AL: Air University Library, May 1986, 114pp. Published as Special Bibliography, No.275. LOC: NPS; Air U; National Defense U. With some 500 lightly annotated entries, this is a major reference on the subject, including many titles not cited here. Consequently a treasure-trove for the completist. The first edition had been published in 1985, a Supplement appeared in Jan 1986, and this revision in May 1986. Updated but without annotation by Seymour (1996). Bryant has been a bibliographer in the Maxwell Air Force Base Library from at least as early as 1961 to as recently as 2004. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Military/
Buckley, F[rancis] H. (1948- ) i The Morality of Laughter. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2003, xv+240pp. LOC: Chapman U (Orange, CA). Dismisses on insufficient grounds the Incongruity Theory of laughter in favor of the shabby old Superiority Theory. Buckley has been on the faculty of George Mason U in 1989 as a law professor, hardly a confidence-building academic background for a scholarly tome on humor. REV: Tim Crane in Times Literary Supplement (4 Jun 2004), 26. A damning critique. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Buckner, H. Taylor ii A Theory of Rumor Transmission, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.29, No.1 (Spring 1965), 54-70. LOC: http://www.tbuckner.com/Rumor.htm. A useful compliment to Allport & Postman (1947). Mr. Buckner, a sociologist, was then with the Survey Research Center at UC-Berkeley. FIELDS: Bull, Ray SEE UNDER: 2-Star/Communications/
Akehurst, Bull, Vrij, & Khnken (2004) Mann, Vrij, & Bull (2004) Memon, Vrij, & Bull (1998) Vrij, Akehurtst, Soukara, Bull (2004)
Buller, David J. (1959- ) ii Adapting Minds: Evolutionary Psychology and the Persistent Quest for Human Nature. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2005, xi+550pp. LOC: U of La Verne. A highly critical anti-Nativist view of Evolutionary Psychology by an otherwise confirmed insider. Buller shows that the empirical evidence cited as underpinning EP theory is much weaker than its advocates have claimed. Buller is a philosopher of science at Northern Illinois University, REV: Fodor (2005), a fellow-philosopher, strongly objects to major parts. REV: J. R. Minkel in Scientific American, 4 Jul 2005. FIELDS: 2-Star/Evolution/
Bulmer, Martin (editor) i Social Research Ethics: An Examination of the Merits of Covert Participant Observation. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1982, xiv+284pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fullerton. A collection of 12 articles, half new, half reprints. See particularly Rosenhan (1973). FIELDS: 1-Star/Ethics/
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives i ATF Arson Investigation Guide. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, ATF, 2004, v+180pp. LOC: Long Beach PL. A handy pocket guide for field investigators. No theory. FIELDS: 1-Star/Arson/INTEL-collection/
Burgoon, Judee K. (1948- ), and three others i Trust and Deception in Mediated Communication, Proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2003), [11pp]. LOC: BW (copy). Yet another cleverly designed, shoddily written, and unconvincing experiment with undergraduate college students (128 paid volunteers).
Burgoon, a Professor of Communication at the University of Arizona (Tucson), took her PhD in communication & educational psychology in 1974 at the West Virginia U. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/Communications/
Burke, Bryan (1924-1987) iii Nazi Counterfeiting of British Currency during World War II: Operation Andrew and Operation Bernhard. San Bernardino, CA: The Book Shop, 1987, xviii+105pp. LOC: Getty. Although three books, many articles, and a novel have been published about this activity, Burkes is the most detailed account from a numismatic standpoint. See also Bloom (1957), 234-267 and Hoettl (1955). FIELDS: 3-Star/Currency/
Burroughs, Alan (1897-1965) iii Art Criticism from a Laboratory. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1938, xxiii+277pp. Reprinted 1971. LOC: MOMA; Brandeis. First book on the use of X-ray photography for the examination of paintings to determine their authenticity or possible fakery. By criticism the author means the process of authentication. Author Burroughs, head of X-ray research at Harvards Fogg Museum of Art, was a pioneer in this field. In 1934 hed done the analysis on the worlds first art museum show where all the objects had been X-rayed, namely the 36 portraits that comprised the exhibition of 17th century New England paintings held at the Worcester, Massachusetts, art museum, for which see: Louisa Dresser & Alan Burroughs, XVIIth Century Painting in New England: A Catalogue of an Exhibition (Worcester, MA: Worcester Art Museum, 1935, 187pp). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Painting/ CLASSES: 603/
Burt, Cyril (1883-1971) i The Psychology of Laughter, Health Education Journal, Vol.3 (London: 1945), 101-105. LOC: U of Florida. Concludes that every comical simulation involves ... a double entendre, thereby modestly supporting the Incongruity Theory of Humor. Dr. Burt published this piece the year before receiving his knighthood. He was a prominent British educational psychologist, now widely suspected of having faked the key data on his famous IQ studies of twins. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Burton, Bob i Bail Enforcer: The Advanced Bounty Hunter. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press, 1990, 197pp. A pro writes an enlarged update of his Bounty Hunter (1984). See also Thomas (1990) for skip tracing and Eriksen (1994) for tracing missing persons in general. FIELDS: 1-Star/Tracking/
Burton, Sarah (1963- ) i Impostors: Six Kinds of Liar. London: Viking, 2000, ix+245pp. LOC: U of Oregon (Eugene). Dr. Burton is a British university teacher who was the researcher & co-writer of three of these true case studies for the 3-episode British Radio 4 series, Impostors, in 1998. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Busby, Jeff (1954- ) iiii The Secret of the Palmettos. Wallace, Idaho: Jeff Busby Magic, Inc., 1998, 124pp. LOC: BW. A monograph revealing for the first time the several secret uses of the standard Texan No.4 Palmetto Deck of playing cards. Busbys most recent and most insightful words on how he designs effects to deceive both magicians and the laity. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 600/603/ 4-Star/Magic/Games/
Williams (1982) Whaley, Gardner, and Busby (1991) Whaley & Busby (1999)
Buskens, Vincent iii Social Networks and Trust. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, xvi+259pp. LOC: NPS. Combines game-theoretic models from economics with social network models from sociology to determine their relative effectiveness in building, maintaining, and either undermining or creating trust. Gives some promising research methods but surprisingly inconclusive in experimental results. This book is a revised version of Buskenss 1999 PhD dissertation in Economics at Utrecht University in Holland. He then became a theoretical and methodological sociologist and economist at Utrecht. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Networks/
Butcher, Kevin, and David W. J. Gill iii The Director, the Dealer, the Goddess, and Her Champions: The Acquisition of the Fitzwilliam Goddess, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol.97, No.3 (Jul 1993), 383-401. On the controversial marble Minoan goddess that had been acquired in 1926 by Cambridge Universitys Fitzwilliam Museum. Muscarella (2000) judges this a fine expos of the culture of forgery. See also Lapatin (2002). Dr. Butcher (1991 PhD from University College, London) is a British classical archaeologist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Sculpture/Archaeology/
Butterworth, Philip iiii Magic on the Early English Stage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xxii+295pp. Foreword by Edwin A. Dawes. LOC: BW3; Indiana U; U of Glasgow. A comprehensive scholarly analysis of how conjurors illusions and jargon were used in early English dramas. See also Scot (1584) and Whaley (2000). Dr. Butterworth is Reader in Medieval Theatre at the University of Leeds. REV: Emma Smith in Times Literary Supplement, No.5358 (9 Dec 2005), 28. Favorable. FIELDS: 4-Star/Magic/
Byrd, Jason H., and James L. Castner (editors) ii Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001, xvii+418pp. LOC: U of Central Florida. A collection of 14 chapters by 19 experts including the editors both of whom are PhD entomologists. See also Erzinliolu (2000), Goff (2000), Greenberg & Kunich (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Entomology/
Byrne, Richard W. ________, and Andrew Whiten (editors) iii Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988, 413pp. LOC: Oxford. A collection of essays, 18 by new contributors, 6 of previously published work. Much of interest but inexcusable omission of any references to the pioneering researches of Christie (1968), Christie & Geis (1970), or Gutterman (1970). Both co-editors are with the Psychological Laboratory at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. Byrne, a primatologist, is Professor of Evolutionary Psychology at St. Andrews. FIELDS: 3-Star/Zoology/
iiii Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, xii+403pp. [NOTE: authors are listed in reverse order, i.e. Whiten & Byrne.] LOC: Florida Atlantic U; Oxford. A further 14 essays, including empirical studies. Shows much progress in theory and data since the editorss earlier volume. See also Suddendorf & Whiten (2003). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Zoology/
________, and Nadia Corp ii Neocortex size predicts deception in primates, Proceedings of the Royal Society: Series B, Vol.271 (London: 2004), 1693-1699. LOC: BW3. A secondary analysis showing that both absolute size of neocortex across primate species and relative size within each is positively related to observed deceptive behavior. Ms. Corp is also a psychologist at St. Andrews. FIELDS: 2-Star/Evolution/
-CCable, Larry E. (1942- ) ii Conflict of Myths: The Development of American Counterinsurgency Doctrine and the Vietnam War. New York: New York University Press, 1986, xiii+307pp. LOC: NPS. On the general and perennial tendency of American political and military leaders to misperceive the nature of insurgents, guerrillas, and terrorists. Dr. Cable, subsequently a Professor of History at the U of North Carolina, had served 20 years in recon and intel acquisition and analysis in SE Asia, including 5 years in Vietnam. FIELDS: 2-Star/Terrorism/Asymmetry/
Caddell, Joseph W. ii Deception 101 Primer on Deception. Carlisle, Penn.: Strategic Studies Institute, U. S. Army War College, Dec 2004, iv+22pp. LOC: BW; NPS; National Defense U; Marine Corps U. Following a modest overview of the subject Dr. Caddell flatly asserts the strongest opinion Ive ever seen against even the possibility of ever developing any effective counterdeception theory & method: A comprehensive methodology for dealing with deception will never be written. It is a nebulous and ever changing field of virtually infinite proportions. Indeed, to believe that such a methodology is possible would be to misunderstand the nature of deception. (p.15) I disagree with this extraordinary conclusion. He goes beyond even Wohlstetters and Handels pessimism to virtually embrace the anti-scientific Postmodern school of philosophy. See Whaley (1982 & 2002). Other Postmodern intelligencers are Brady (1993), Rathmell (1998), and Hall (2003). This monograph expands Caddells earlier paper delivered at the Conference on Strategic Deception in Modern Democracies: Ethical, Legal, and Policy Challenges held at Duke University in 2003. Rewritten while he was a Lecturer in Military History at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. Dr. Caddell (Duke PhD in military history) had served as an intelligence officer in the USAF 1973-76 and thence in the reserves until retiring in 1997. Hed taught warning intelligence and deception for the previous 20 years. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
Caddy, Brian (editor) ii Forensic Examination of Glass and Paint: Analysis and Interpretation. London: Taylor & Francis, 2001, xi+292pp. LOC: Weber State U (Utah); British L. A standard reference. Twelve chapter by 17 specialists. Caddy, a chemist, was Emerius Professor of Forensic Science at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. REV: A.A. in his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vo.2, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2001). Highly favorable. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/Chemistry/
Calder, James D. ii Intelligence, Espionage and Related Topics: An Annotated Bibliography of Serial Journal and Magazine Scholarship. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1999, xxxvi+1330pp. LOC: NPS. Generally lengthy annotations of a whopping 10,369 items. Drawn from the more reliable sources including a number of foreign-language titles. Arrayed alphabetically by author plus a useful subject index. Dr. Calder (1978 PhD from Claremont Graduate U), a former US intelligencer, was a Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Texas (San Antonio). REV: Richard R. Valcourt in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.13, No.4 (Winter 2000), 534-539. Favorable. REV: Richard J. Aldrich in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.17, No.1 (Spring 2002), 157-158. Dubs it among the best intelligence bibliographies yet produced and an extraordinary achievement. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Periodicals/
Callahan, David (1965- ) i the cheating culture: Why More Americans Are Doing Wrong to Get Ahead. Orlando, FL: Harcourt, Inc., 2004, ix+353pp. LOC: Ocean Beach PL; British L. Dr. Callahan (Princeton PhD in political science) analyzes the reasons why Americans have become increasingly drawn to cheating and suggests some remedies. Trivial. FIELDS: 1-Star/Cheating/
Callamari, Peter, and Derek Reveron ii Chinas Use of Perception Management, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.1 (Spring 2003), 1-15. LOC: NPS. A study of the successful Chinese perception management (propaganda) operation to manipulate international media handling of the 2001 collision between a Chinese fighter plane and a US Navy reconnaissance aircraft. Callamari was a USAF Office of Special Investigation specialist in counterintelligence. Dr. Reveron has taught in US military institutions. FIELDS: 2-Star/PSYOPS/China
Callwell, C[harles] E[dward] (1859-1928) iiii Small Wars: Their Principles and Practice. 3rd Edition, London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1906, 559pp. Many reprints of 3rd Edition to 1996. LOC: Congress; NPS (1996 reprint); Kings College (London); Oxford (1990 reprint). The classic textbook of guerrilla warfare. For the role of deception and related topics in guerrilla warfare see particularly Chapters 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, and 15. Callwell initially presented his study on 26 Mar 1895 at Aldershot Military Society in a lecture that was later published as an 8-page paper titled Lessons to be Learned from Small Wars since 1870" (Aldershot: Gale & Pelden, 1895). At that time and for the subsequent 1st edition (1896) Callwell was a Captain in the British Army; by the Revised (2nd) edition he was a Major; and with this greatly enlarged 3rd edition he was a Colonel.
This book has come into its own following 2003 with the Iraq War and insurrection, which made it must reading among many American soldiers. Im pleased that Id recommended it way back in Whaley (1969), p.105 and its Bibliography. I did so in making the key point that deception works not just at the Grand Strategic, Strategic, and Grand Tactical (Operational) levels of conflict, but equally at smaller levels all the way down to the squad and individual soldier within small-arms range of an armed enemy. Similarly see the several books by Poole (1999, etc) and Lawrence (1920). Callwell, of Anglo-Irish parentage, was commissioned in the Royal Artillery in 1878. He fought in the Afghan War of 1880, the first Boer War in 1881, and the main Boer War (1899-1902). In World War One he served as Director of Operations (19141916) and ended his career as Major-General Sir C. E. Callwell, a prominent British military historian and biographer. FIELDS: 4-Star/Asymmetry/
Cameron, Evan William iii "Citizen Kane: The Influence of Radio Drama on Cinematic Design," in Evan William Cameron (editor), Sound and the Cinema: The Coming of Sound to American Film (Pleasantville, NY: Redgrave Publishing Company, 1980), 202-216. On the special techniques used in radio to simulate the real three-dimensional world and the problems raised when trying to translate these techniques to the making of motion pictures. Dr. Cameron gives as his example the revolutionary efforts by Orson Welles to apply radio sound techniques to movies in his first and pioneering feature film, Citizen Kane (1941). Cameron shows that four of these techniques successfully translated into the new medium and two did not. Those that worked were quickly adopted by other film makers, effectively revolutionizing the cinema technique. Those that hadn't worked were quickly dropped or downplayed by Welles in his later movies and weren't copied by others. For more of Orson Welles see Whaley (2005). Dr. Bill Cameron (PhD, Boston U) has been a documentary film maker and a professor of film studies in the USA and Canada. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/601/ 3-Star/Cinema/FX/
ii "Filmmaking, Logic and the Historical Reconstruction of the World," Film and Philosophy, Vol.2 (1994). LOC: Internet. A coherent, relatively jargon-free beginner's guide to the fallacy of "Deconstructionist" theories of reality. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cinema/
Cameron, Judson J. ii Cheating at Bridge: Go Home with the Winners. Philadelphia: Dorrance & Co., 1933, 188pp. LOC: U of London. Facsimile reprinted Las Vegas: Gambler's Book Club, 1973. The classic text. FIELDS: 2-Star/Games/
Campbell, Brian ii Teach Yourself How to Be a General, The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol.77 (1987), 13-29. LOC: BW (copy); Internet (JSTOR). The Romans had no formal schooling in military command. Even their texts on military history, tactics, weaponry, hand-to-hand combat, and tradecraft fell short of being field manuals. At most they gave general advice. Consequently, the aspiring commander had to learn his craft by doing. Dr. Campbell (D.Phil., Oxford) is Professor of Roman History at Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. REV: Sheldon (2003), 103. FIELDS: 2-Star/Rome/Military/
Campbell, Rear-Admiral Gordon (1886-1953) ii My Mystery Ships. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1928, xx+300pp. LOC: Oxford. US edition, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1929, 318pp. Foreword by Rear Admiral William S. Sims. Introduction by Adm. Sir Lewis Bayly. LOC: NPS; Air U. World War I memoirs of Admiral Gordon, VC, who as a Royal Navy captain commanded Q-ships. For their German counterparts in WW II see Woodward (1955). FIELDS: 2-Star/Camouflage/Biography/
Campbell, J. Duncan (1916- ) ii New Belt Buckles of the Old West. [Harrisburg, PA: by the author], 1973, xix+90pp. LOC: BW (copy); Congress; Oklahoma Department of Libraries. By a fine job of tracing the internal evidence, Campbell, a notable expert on American military and commercial badges, exposes (and reprints) the total fakery of Percy Seiberts extraordinary 90-page Tiffany & Gaylord Express & Exhibition Belt Plates (New York: Joel & Aronoff, 1950"). Mr. Seibert (a presumed pseudonym, probably of John Fairchild) gives us an extraordinary book designed to authenticate the dozens of fake Wells Fargo and other brass belt buckles attributed to 19th Century factories, buckles that in fact didnt begin production until the late 1950s (continuing into the early 1960s), being made, I believe, by John Fairchild in the UK. FIELDS: 2-Star/Antiques/
Campbell, Jeremy (1931- ) ii The Liar's Tale: A History of Falsehood. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001, 362pp. LOC: BW. An intelligent and instructive survey. The author, a British journalist, effectively counters Sissela Bok's famous book on Lying (1978). But in trashing her moralistic tut-tuting, he slips a bit further in the opposite direction than either Machiavelli or I would in his injudicious advocacy of an almost unrestrained life of deception. Campbell is that type of over-enthusiastic pop-science writer who in his earlier Grammatical Man (1983) gave us the ultimate perversion of Shannons Communication Theory. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Campion, Daniel J. (ca.1905- ), with Myron M. Stearns ii Crooks are Human Too. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1957, 243pp. LOC: BW. Memoirs of a NYPD police captain whose 25 years with the Pickpocket and Confidence squad led some to call him the worlds greatest pickpocket detective (whiz copper). Also covers con and scam artists and other underworld types. See particularly Chapter 10 (Tricking thieves into telling the truth), 106-119. See also Gibson (1927), Norfleet (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Maurer (1955), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), and Marlock (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/Criminology/
Campos, Jos, [and] A. Dias Figueredo iiii Programming for Serendipity, Proceedings of the 2002 AAAI Fall Symposium on Chance Discovery, (2002), 48-60. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Concludes that while it is not possible to program serendipity directly [absent, of course, a fully functional AI], software can be developed to program for serendipity indirectly. In other words we can program softwear to wander on the Internet and uncover information aimed at stimulating serendipitous insights. I believe this has potentially rich applications to ACH Theory comparable to Busbys Ombudsman in that both approaches stimulate laterality (lateral thinking) oriented toward solving problems. FIELDS: 4-Star/Computers/
Camps, Professor Francis E. (1905-1972), with Richard Barber (1941- ) i The Investigation of Murder. London: Michael Joseph, 1966, 143pp. LOC: BW. At the time of writing, the senior author was Professor of Forensic Medicine at London Hospital Medical College. His peers attribute his many botched cases to his being too opinionated and unwilling to accept criticism. An unflattering biography is Robert Jackson, Francis Camps: Famous Case Histories of the Celebrated Pathologist (London: Hart-Davies,1975). See also Smith (1959), Walls (1972), Simpson (1978), and Brownlie (1984). FIELDS: 1-Star/Medicine/Biography/
Canler, [Louis] (1797-1865) Mmoirs de Canler, ancien chef du Service de Sret. Paris: J. Hetzel, 1862, 446pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; British L. 2nd edition, containing the passages suppressed in the original edition, 2 volumes, Paris: F. Roy, 1882. LOC: British L; Cambridge. Edition presented & annotated by Jacques Brenner (1922- ), as Mmoirs de Canler. Paris: Mercure de France, 1968, 515pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Stanford; Cambridge.
ii English translation as Autobiography of a French Detective, from 1818 to 1858: Comprising the Most Curious Revelations of the French Detective Police System. London: Ward and Lock, 1862, iv+315pp. Translated by Sir F. C. Lascelles Wraxall. LOC: UC-Berkeley; British L. Facsimile reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1976. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Stanford; NYU; Weber State College (Ogden, UT). Canler, a French police officer from 1818 to 1858, was former Chief of the Sret. This autobiography is not fictionalized, as was all too true of the autobios of Vidocq and Pinkerton and most other early (and many modern) detectives. Indeed, Chief Canler was too frank for the French government, which suppressed some parts in the first edition and then the entire work in 1862. To the extent that their truth can be determined, these early accounts are important for setting a baseline from which to judge later police detection practices. Canlers own account reveals a devoted but not particularly clever policeman. FIELDS: 2-Star/France/Police/Biography/
Cannon, Walter Bradford, M.D. (1871-1945) iii The Way of an Investigator: A Scientists Experiences in Medical Research. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1945, 229pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Reprinted 1965. Thoughtful memoirs of the famous early Harvard physiologist. See particularly Chapter V (The Role of Hunches), pp.57-67, which he sees as important and possibly essential for creativity. Also Chapter VI (Gains from Serendipity) on the role of accidents in discovery. REF: Merton & Barber (2004), index under Cannon. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Intuition/Biography/
Canter, David [V.] (1944- ), and Laurence Alison (editors) iii Interviewing and Deception. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 1999, xi+231pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; CalStateU-Sacramento; Oxford. A useful collection of 10 articles, particularly the opening one by the editors plus Elaad (1999), Kebbell & Wagstaff (1999), and Sear & Williamson (1999). Both Drs. Canter and Alison were British social psychologists at the University of Liverpool. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/
iiii Mapping Murder: The Secrets of Geographical Profiling. London: Virgin, 2003, ix+240pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; CalStateU-Sacramento; Oxford. A superior explanation of the theory, principles, and practice of geographic profiling, namely those environmental patterns often associated with crimes. Importantly, Canter traces the history of geographical profiling, a catchy term coined by Canadian police officer Kim Rossmo sometime around 1995 (p.128). The technique originated with British physician John Snow to help solve the epidemiological
source of the 1854 London cholera epidemic by tracing it geographically to a single public water pump in Central London. It was first applied to a criminal case (locating a serial killer) in 1980-81 by Dr. Stuart Kind, an ex-RAF navigator and British police forensic scientist. Canter himself became one of the pioneers of this field in 1980. See also Kind (1999) and Rossmo (1999). For Snow see Vinten-Johansen (2003). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Epidemiology/ CLASSES: 603/
Capaldi, Nicholas (1939- ) i The Art of Deception: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. New Revised Edition, Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1987, 222pp. LOC: NPS; FBI Academy. On logical thinking and rhetoric. The 1st edition appeared in 1971. See also Fearnside (1959), Hayakawa (1990), and Hesk (2000). Dr. Capaldi was a Professor of Philosophy at CUNY. FIELDS: 1-Star/Logic/
Cardea, Etzel, Steven Jay Lynn, & Stanley Krippner (1932- ) (editors) i Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2000, xi+476pp. LOC: Salinas PL. A disappointing collection of 12 original articles on incongruities that have arisen in psychology and parapsychology and how theyve been handled by theorists and researchers. I detect a tendency for the editors and authors to slip from scientific skepticism to credulity. These investigators, like Truzzi (1991), unconsciously demonstrate that there is such a psychological pathology as being too open minded. All three co-editors are PhD psychologists (one Mexican and two Americans) who research fringe topics in psychology. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/Incongruity/
Carey, Mary (1925- ), and George Sherman i A Compendium of Bunk or How To Spot a Con Artist: A Handbook for Fraud Investigators, Bankers and other Custodians of the Public Trust. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1976, 202pp. Describes 21 different bunco schemes, all based on police reports. But the how to spot aspect is overplayed because the authors develop no general principles. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/Fraud/
Carl, Leo D. (1918-2001) i The CIA Insiders Dictionary of US and Foreign Intelligence, Counterintelligence & Tradecraft. Washington, DC: NIBC Press, 1996, 744pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford. Defines over 10,450 jargon terms. This is a much expanded version of three other dictionaries by Carl that go back to 1990. Close to all-inclusive but surprisingly overlooks some current common terms (denial & D&D, etc.) and most of the fine old historical ones. The lack of source citations except for some US official definitions is the mark of inferior lexicography, as also noted in the damning reviews by Hayden Peake and John Macartney.
Lt. Col. Carl (USAF, retired) had been a USAF Intelligence officer (specialized on the Soviet Union) on loan to the CIA until retiring in 1967. REV: Hayden B. Peake in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.5, No.4 (Spr 1991-92), 471-483. Gives this book a deserved thrashing. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/Counterintel/Dictionary/
Carlet de la Rozire, [Louis-Franois] (1733-1808) Les Stratagmes de guerre, dont se sont servis les plus grands capitaines du monde, depuis plusiers sicles jusqua la paix derniere. Paris: Chez Cl. J. Baptiste Bauche, 1756, viii+229pp. LOC: British L; Bibliothque Nationale Paris); not seen. Spanish translation of 1815. Reportedly a mere set of cases of international military deceptions from early to modern times. Of possible use for compiling a data base. The author, L.-F. Carlet (the Marquis de la Rozire), was an early French writer on military history. FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/
Carlisle, Rodney [P.], Ph.D. The Complete Idiots Guide to Spies and Espionage. Indianapolis, Indiana: Alpha 2003, xxvii+340pp. Divided by topics. Neither comprehensive nor source-documented, this shoddy compilation belies its claim to be a standard reference book. As a Professor Emeritus of History from Rutgers, the author, Dr. Carlisle (a UC-Berkeley PhD in history), should at least have had the decency to conceal his credentials and name. Adequate for playing a casual game of Trivia. Otherwise see Lerner (2004). REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.47, No.3 (2003), dubs this an encyclopedia of errata. FIELDS: 0-Star/HUMINT/
i Encyclopedia of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, 2 volumes, 2005, xxxii+750+26pp. Forewords by Robert M. Gates and Oleg Kalugin. LOC: Ft. Lewis; British L. With 500 entries in an A-Z format and the assistance of 72 specialist contributors, editor Carlisle shows much improvement. However a new edition with some corrections (such as on Sir William Stephensons fabrications), many additions (Analysis, Deception, Strategic Surprise, The Trust, Bittman, Churchill, Jones, Kent, McCargar, Mnzenberg, Ronge, etc., etc.), and an annotated & larger bibliography would be welcome. If space had been critical, many of the existing articles could have been improved by shortening the articles on such otherwise well-reported personalities as Kennedy and Oppenheimer. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/Counterintel/
Carr, John Dickson (1906-1977) iii The Life of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949, 304pp. One of the better biographies of Doyle. See also Doyle (1924), Liebow (1982), and Stashower (1999).
The English author was an amateur magic buff and famed writer of many detective novels. He had served in M.I.5 during WW II. FIELDS: 3-Star/Biography/
Carrington, Peter J. (1946- ), John Scott, Stanley Wasserman ii Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, xiv+328pp. LOC: NPS. An up-to-date handbook for the specialist. For a history of network analysis see Freeman (2004). A recent survey of the relevant literature is Cross & Parker (2004). All three co-authors are full professors of sociology at, respectively, the universities of Waterloo (Canada), Essex (England), and Indiana (USA). FIELDS: 2-Star/ Networks/
Carroll, Robert Todd (1945- ) ii The Skeptics Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [Aug] 2003, ix+446pp. LOC: BW3. A useful beginners A-Z encyclopedia of the major topics on the fringes of credulity and charlatanism, many of which topics are relevant to deceptions and their detection. Each topic is concisely defined and handily referenced to the authors 750 sources. This is one of the better reference works on the subject out of a generally bad lot. Dr. Carroll (1977 UC-San Diego PhD in Philosophy) has since 1977 been with the Philosophy Department at Sacramento City College. He began this book in 1994 as a series of items on his Internet website, skepdic.com. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Dictionary/
Carte, Gene E. (1938- ), and Elaine H. Carte i Police Reform in the United States: The Era of August Vollmer, 1905-1932. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975, x+137pp. A concise and handy history. The research was based mainly on the Vollmer Collection in the Bancroft Library at Berkeley. The principal author was an Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati at the time of publication. FIELDS: 1-Star/Police/Biography/
[Carter, Alan] ii Old or New: Lifting the Lid on Reproductions of Antiques and Collectables. Terrey Hills, Australia: Carter's Promotions Pty., Ltd., 1995, 178pp. LOC: BW. One of the better general introductory texts, particularly good for its section "Testing with Ultraviolet Black Light" (pp.12-20). See also Bly (2002) & Chervenka (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Antiques/
Carter, John (1905-1975), & Graham Pollard (1903-1976) ii An Enquiry into the Nature of Certain Nineteenth Century Pamphlets. London: Constable & Co Ltd, 1934, 400pp. Reprinted 1983 with 41 pages of supplementary material. LOC: Brandeis. This is the book that stunned the literary marketplace by proving the spectacular and hitherto unsuspected forged pamphlets by English bibliographer and book collector, Thomas J. Wise (died 1937). Carter and Pollard were young English antiquarian booksellers when they first published. See also Carter & Pollard, The Firm of Charles Ottley, Landon & Co.: Footnote to an Enquiry (London: Hart Davis, 1948, 95pp); and Nicholas Barker & John Collins, Sequel to an Enquiry into the Nature of Certain Nineteenth Century Pamphlets (London: Scolar Press, 1983, 394pp). Although C&P did a superb job of literary detection, they wrote as if theyd reinvented that art, making no reference to any of their fine famous predecessorsMalone (1796), Frazer (1901), and Osborn (1910, 1929). Strangely, their 1983 editors, Barker & Collins, fail to repair this oversight, overly crediting (Preface, p.9) C&P with having added a host of new weapons to the bibliographers arsenal. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Cassiday, Bruce (editor) (1920-2005) iii Roots of Detection: The Art of Deduction before Sherlock Holmes. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1983, vi+195pp. LOC: BW. A useful and delightful anthology from Herodotus to Gaboriau and from history to fiction. See also Wells (1913), Locard (1924), and Thomas (1999). Cassiday was an American mystery story writer, novelist, and magazine editor. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Logic/Fiction/
Cassidy, Michael J. ii Footwear Identification. Ottawa, Ontario: Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 1980, 176pp. LOC: Congress. Sergeant Cassidy was with the Mounties since 1962 and with its Identification Branch since 1966. See also Abbott (1964) and Bodziak (1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Impressions/
Castaneda, Carlos (1925-1998) SEE UNDER: De Mille (1980). Castel, Albert (1928- ) ii "Liddell Hart's Sherman: Propaganda as History," The Journal of Military History, Vol.67, No.2 (April 2003): 405-426. LOC: Internet. CASTEL: Although first published more than seven decades ago, Basil H. Liddell Hart's Sherman: Soldier, Realist, American [1929] remains highly regarded and influential among historians, in particular those specializing in the U.S. Civil War. This essay endeavors to demonstrate that while his status is understandable, it also is undeserved and unfortunate, because the book is seriously flawed, both factually and analytically, the consequence of Liddell Hart having written it to promote his thesis that the indirect
approach is the secret of success in war. Prof. Castel, an historian at Western Michigan University, is a prominent writer on the American Civil War. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/Biography/
Castells, Manuel (1942- ) (editor) i The Network Society: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2004, xx+464pp. LOC: NPS. On networking at the highest level of interpersonal aggregation. A collection of 19 articles by 28 international specialists. Dr. Castells (University of Paris doctorate), a Spaniard, was Professor of Human Communication and Technology at UCLA. FIELDS: 1-Star/Networks/Cultural/
Casti, John L. ii Complexification: Explaining a Paradoxical World Through the Science of Surprise. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1994, xiv+320pp. LOC: BW. On why predictions fail, hence the author's apparently oxymoronic term "science of surprise". Recognizes six "surprise-generating mechanisms" (causes) of surprise: Logical tangles, Chaos, Catastrophe, Lawlessness, Irreducibility, and Emergence. See also Wirtz (2003). Dr. Casti was a mathematician and popular science writer at the Santa Fe Institute in New Mexico. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/
Catterall, Lee ii The Great Dal Art Fraud and other deceptions. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books, Inc., 1992, 417pp. A beautifully detailed expos of the enormous volume of fraud surrounding the works of Spanish surrealist artist Salvador Dal (1904-1989), most of which were encouraged and participated in by the artist himself. See also Seckall (2002). Author had been a newspaper reporter and later editorial writer for the StarBulletin in Honolulu since 1980 specialized in legal matters. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Fraud/
Cave Brown [not his surname] SEE: Brown (1975) Ceci, Stephen J. ________, and Eduardus de Bruyn i Child Witnesses in Court: A Growing Dilemma, Children Today, Vol.22, No.1 (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Jan 1993), 5-9. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. This early survey concluded that children are neither as easily misled nor as reliable witnesses as the extremists on both sides of the debate had claimed. Dr. Ceci, an
American with a 1978 PhD in developmental psychology from the University of Exeter, England, is a prominent professor of child developmental psychology at Cornell. Mr. de Bruyn is one of his graduate students. FIELDS: 1-Star/Children/Lying/Law/
________, and Maggie Bruck iii Jeopardy in the Courtroom: A Scientific Analysis of Childrens Testimony. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Society, 1995, xv+336pp. LOC: U of La Verne, CA. The most comprehensive, detailed, and balanced study of the factors influencing the accuracy of childrens testimony. Particularly useful is Chapter 18 (In Conclusion), pp.295-304. See also Loftus (1994). Bruck is an Associate Professor of Psychology & Pediatrics at McGill University. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Children/Lying/Law/
Cellini, Pico (1906- ) i Falsi e Restauri: Oltre lApparenza. Rome: Archivio Guido Izzi, 1992, 226pp. LOC: Getty; Frick; Brown; McMaster U. Collection of essays published 1943-1989 by Giuseppe Pico Cellini on the forgery, restoration, and conservation of Italian antiquities. Prof. Cellini, a noted Italian art restorer in Rome, had been publishing on art since 1930. FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/
Cescinsky, Herbert (1875- ) iii The Gentle Art of Faking Furniture. London: Chapman & Hall, 1931, 168pp+292 plates. PB (Dover) reprint 1967. LOC: BW. On fake antique furniture, mainly English. See also Symonds (1923), Mailfert (1935), Hayward (1970), Crawley (1971), Kaye (1987), and Bly (2002), 8-68. Cescinsky was then Britains leading and most prolific expert on antique furniture. FIELDS: 3-Star/Furniture/
Cetola, Henry W. i Toward a cognitive-appraisal model of humor appreciation, Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, Vol.1, No.3 (1988), 245-258. LOC: BW (copy). FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Chakraborty, Gayatri (1941- ) ii Espionage in Ancient India (From the Earliest Time to the 12th century A.D.). Calcutta: Minerva, 1990, xiv+153pp. LOC: Auraria L (Denver); Oxford. The second monograph on this subject and quite welcome. See also Trivedi (1984).
Chakraborty had his MA in Ancient Indian History and Culture from Calcutta University. REV: Sheldon (2003), 188. FIELDS: Champion, Brett SEE UNDER: 2-Star/India/HUMINT/
Whitlock (1997)
Champod, Christophe ii Edmond Locard Numerical Standards & Probable Identifications, Journal of Forensic Identification, Vol.45, No.2 (Mar/Apr 1995), 136-163. LOC: BW (copy); Congress. Supports the relativistic (non-point) view of comparing fingerprint and footwear prints. Champod is a world-class criminalist at the University of Lausanne. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Fingerprints/Imprints/
Taroni, Champod, Margot (1999)
Chan, Steve ii The Intelligence of Stupidity: Understanding Failures in Strategic Warning, American Political Science Review, Vol.73, No.1 (Mar 1979), 171-180. LOC: BW (copy). While Chan correctly notes (pp.174-5) that analyses based on small-sample cases studies are statistically worthless, he is unaware of the large samples used by Liddell Hart (1929 & 1945) and Whaley (1969). Chan was at Texas A&M U. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/
Chang Dai-chien (Zhang Da-jian) (1899-1983) SEE: Fu (1991) Changeux, Jean-Pierre ii The Physiology of Truth: Neuroscience and Human Knowledge. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004, 324pp. Translated by M[alcolm] B. DeBevoise from the original 2002 French edition, Homme de vrit. LOC: CalStateU-San Marcos. Proposes that human brains have evolved to deal with both biological and cultural challenges by enabling us to perceive quick-but-approximately accurate hypotheses about reality (truth). But he insists (p.132) we are still far from a coherent theory of the neural bases of lying! A cross-disciplinary essay aimed at a general audience. Professor Changeux is a French neuro-biologist at the Institute Pasteur in Paris. He took his doctorate in Natural Sciences in 1964. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/Evolution/
________, and Alain Connes (1947- ) ii Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995, xii+260pp. Edited and translated by M. B. DeBevoise. LOC: U of La Verne.
This dialog includes some relevant speculations on creativity. This is a revised & enlarged edition of the original French edition, Matire Pense, which appeared in 1989. Connes a French mathematician (Fields Medal, 1982). FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Chapman, Antony J., and Hugh C. Foot (editors) iii Humor and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1996, xxx+348pp, with a new preface by the editors and a new Introduction by Peter Derks. LOC: BW. A collection of 15 essays by various scholars, which was originally published in 1976. Both editors are British psychologists. See also Provine (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
iii Its a Funny Thing, Humour. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977, xiv+ 505pp. LOC: U of Florida; Cambridge. Collected papers (95 by 96 contributors, mostly psychologists) presented 13-17 Jul 1976 at the [First] International Conference on Humour and Laughter, Cardiff, Wales. Many of these papers at least take into account Incongruity Theory and some even focus on it. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Charters, David A.(1949- ) ________, and Maurice A. J. Tugwell (1925- ) (editors) ii Deception Operations: Studies in the East-West Context. London: Brassey's, 1990, xvi+432. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; Stanford; Congress; Oxford. Collected papers on international disinformation operations. From a working conference in Toronto that I attended. The editors were then in defense studies at the University of New Brunswick, Canada. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
________, Stuart Farson, Glenn P. Hastedt ii Intelligence Analysis and Assessment. London: Frank Cass, 1996, 228pp. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Chartier, Duane R., Walter McCrone , Richard J. Weiss (1923- ) (editors) ii Scientific Detection of Fakery in Art II. Bellingham, WA: SPIE, 2000, v+82pp. Published as SPIE Proceedings Series P, Vol. 3851. LOC: Getty; UC-Berkeley; Cal Tech; Western Washington U. Eight collected papers, including ones on scrimshaw, graphic arts, and postage stamps as well as on curatorship, legal aspects, and appraisals. These are from the 16 originally presented at the conference on that subject held 20-21 Sep 1999 in Boston where it was
sponsored by The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) and chaired by the three authors. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Art/Stamps/
McCrone & Weiss (1999) Weiss & Chartier (2004)
Chazelle, Bernard (1955- ) iThe Discrepancy Method: Randomness and Complexity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, xvii+463pp. LOC: Congress; Oxford. Discrepancy Theory studies distribution irregularities in theoretical computer science. It has caused a mini-revolution in computational geometry. As I am not qualified to judge how applicable, if at all, it may be to general detection problems, I tentatively give it only one star. Dr. Chazelle (1980 Yale PhD in Computer Science), a French & American citizen, has been a Professor of Computer Science at Cornell since 1989. FIELDS: 1-Star/Computers/Incongruity/
Chemi, James M. (editor-in-chief) iii The Yucatan Affair: The Work of Raoul Ch. de Thuin, Philatelic Counterfeiter. State College, PA: The American Philatelic Society Inc., 1974, 523pp. Facsimile (but blurred) reprint 1980. LOC: Congress. A study of the postage stamp forgeries of Raoul Charles de Thuin (1890-1975). A virtual catalogue raissonn. A grand example of the extraordinary detail involved in counterfeiting postage stamps and cataloging them after their detection. Compiled by a team of 25 philatelists. FIELDS: 3-Star/Stamps/
Chroux, Clment iFautographie: Petite histoire de lerreur photographique. [Faux-tography: Brief history of errors in photography]. [Crisne, Belgium:] Yellow Now, 2003, 183pp. LOC: U of Ottawa. Charming. FIELDS: 1-Star/IMINT/
________, Andreas Fischer, Pierre Apraxine Le troisime oeil: La photographie et locculte [The Third Eye: Photography and the Occult]. Paris: Gallimard, 2004, 287pp. LOC: Cambridge. iii English translation & revision as The Perfect Medium: Photography and the Occult. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005, 287pp. LOC: Whatcom Community College (Bellingham, WA). Catalog of exhibitions of those titles held, respectively, at the Maison Europenne de la Photographie, Paris, 2 Nov 2004-6 Feb 2005; and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York City, 27 Sep-31 Dec 2005. Comprised more than 120 faked spirit photographs from the late 1860s to the 1930s drawn from numerous lenders from six countries. REV: Luc Sante in New York Review of Books, Vol.53, No.3 (23 Feb 2006),17-19. FIELDS: 3-Star/IMINT/
Cherry, Colin (1914-1979) ii Some Experiments on the Recognition of Speech, with One and with Two Ears, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.25, No.5 (Sep 1953), 975-979. LOC: BW3. The landmark study which first showed that our binaural balancing of sound from both ears enables us to focus on any given speaker in a group what Cherry would later call the cocktail party problem. Mr. E. Colin Cherry was Professor of Telecommunications at the University of London. At the time of this paper he was at MIT on a Fulbright grant as Visiting Professor. FIELDS: 2-Star/Perception/
iii On Human Communication: a Review, a Survey, and a Criticism. Second Edition, Cambridge, Mass.: The M.I.T. Press, 1966, xiv+337pp. LOC: BW. A standard, early but still worthwhile overview, that faithfully represented the state-ofknowledge at the time. Although now long superceded in most of its parts, Im unaware of any better survey text. The first edition had been published in 1957. This book by Cherry and the article in Scientific American by Weaver (1949) were enormously influential in introducing Claude Shannons magnificent Mathematical Theory of Communication to wider audiences, Weaver to scientists in general, and Cherry to those of us then already immersing ourselves in the field of human communication. I was pleased recently to learn it was Cherrys book (2nd edition) in a copy that a young Steven Pinker had paid $2.95 for in the early 1970s, which diverted him into his current career field. FIELDS: 3-Star/Communications/
Chervenka, Mark iii Antique Trader Guide to Fakes & Reproductions. 2nd Edition, Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2002, 336pp. LOC: Pacific Beach PL; Pacific Grove PL. The best popular guide. The 1st edition (with 304pp) appeared in 2001. Author is editor of the Antique & Collectors Reproduction News. See also Carter (1996). FIELDS: 3-Star/Antiques/
ii Antique Trader Guide to Fake & Forged Marks. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2002, 303pp. LOC: Timberland Regional L (Olympia, WA). Excellent. FIELDS: 2-Star/Antiques/
Chesney, Lieut.-Colonel C. H. R. (1883- ) i The Art of Camouflage. London: Robert Hale Limited, 1941, 252pp. LOC: San Diego State U. US edition, New York: Studio Publications, Transatlantic Arts, Inc., 1943, 252pp. LOC: Congress; Air U. Superceded by Blechman (2004) but still modestly interesting, particularly Chapter I (Introductory), 13-19. The first four chapters (pp.13-55) on camouflage in theory and nature were written by J. Huddlestone (1893-). The second part, by Col. Chesney sketches the methods and history of military camouflage. FIELDS: 1-Star/Camouflage/
Chevallier, Raymond (1929- ) ii Lartiste, le collectionneur & le faussaire: pour une sociologie de lart Romain. Paris: Armand Colin, 1991, 354pp. LOC: Reed College. Chevallier was a French specialist on Roman antiquities. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Rome/
Chideckel, Maurice (1880- ) i Fakers, Old and New: A History of Cunning and Stupidity. Boston: The Stratford Company, 1933, 275pp. A thin survey of imposters and charlatans. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Biography/
Chisum, W. Jerry, BS, & Brent E. Turvey, MS ii Evidence Dynamics: Locards Exchange Principle & Crime Reconstruction, Journal of Behavioral Profiling, Vol.1, No.1 (Jan 2000), [11pp]. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Stresses the importance to reconstructing a crime of understanding and countering Evidence Dynamics, which they define as any activity or process that changes, relocates, obscures, or obliterates evidence. Chisum (BS in Chemistry from UC-Berkeley under Dr. Paul Kirk), a criminalist since 1960, retired in 1998 from the California Department of Justice to go into private practice. Turvey (MS in Forensic Science from the U of New Haven) is a forensic scientist in private practice in Alaska with Knowledge Solutions, LLC. Both men are criminal profilers. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Crime Reconstruction. Academic Press, 2005?, 350pp. LOC: not seen. FIELDS: ?-Star/Forensics/
Christian, Donnell R. i Forensic Investigation of Clandestine Laboratories. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004, xviii+371pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno. U of Hong Kong. A comprehensive textbook of how to investigate these laboratories after the police have detected them. So, with little on how to detect and locate these labs, of only marginal interest here. Christian explains in his accompanying Field Guide that The key to clandestine lab detection is the investigators ability to recognize the combinations of equipment and chemicals that constitute the lab in the first place. Mr. Christian, a 1981 graduate of Northern Arizona U, had spent 15 years with the Arizona state crime lab specializing in chemistry and trace evidence. At the time of this publication he was with the US Department of Justices International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program (ICITAP) assisting foreign governments to develop forensic science programs. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
Christie, Richard (ca.1918-1992), and Florence Geis (ca.1933-1993) iiii "Some Consequences of Taking Machiavelli Seriously," in E. F. Borgatta and W. W. Lambert (editors), Handbook of Personality Theory and Research (Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1968), 959-973. Superb pioneering paper originally presented at the 1964 American Psychological Association convention. Professor Christie was at Columbia U and Dr. Geis, his former doctoral student, at the U of Delaware. FIELDS: 4-Star/Deception/
iiiii Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press, 1970, xii+415pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley; Oxford. Important collection of studies inspired by Christies Machiavellian Personality type and edited by Christie and Geis. See also Guterman (1970) and, for primates generally, Byrne & Whiten (1988 & 1997). A partly persuasive negative criticism of Christies Mach-IV test is McHoskey (1998). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 5-Star/Deception/ CLASSES: 600/601/
Christopher, Milbourne (1914-1984) iii ESP, Seers & Psychics. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, x+268pp. LOC: BW. A popular but thoroughly knowledgeable expos by a leading historian of conjuring and skeptical psychic researcher. See also Christopher (1975), Randi (1980), Hyman (1989). Christopher was a leading American semi-professional magician and magic historian. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psi/
i The Illustrated History of Magic. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1973, 452pp. LOC: BW. Adequate general history but no explanations of how the tricks work, either specifically or even in general. Consequently nothing specific on counterdeception. For magic history see also S. Clarke (1924-28). For the how and why theory of magic see Triplett (1900). FIELDS: 1-Star/Magic/
iii Mediums, Mystics & the Occult. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1975, x+275pp. LOC: BW. Christophers second popular expos. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psi/
Chua, Cathy ii Fair Play or Foul?: Cheating Scandals in Bridge. South Australia: Pioneer Books, 1998, xv+127pp. LOC: BW. A detailed analysis and critique of three famous cases. Chua's judgments are controversial, particularly regarding Karn, Sheinwold, the 1965 British team at Buenos, and the Italian Blue Team in Bermuda in 1975. Her three essays were originally serialized in the International Popular Bridge Monthly in 1996-97. See also Swanson (1998). Chua is an Australian bridge and chess champion and expert with 1st class honors in history & politics from the University of Adelaide. FIELDS: 2-Star/Games/
Chung-kuo ku chin shu hua chen wei tu chien. SEE: Yang (1996) Churchill, Winston S. (1874-1965) SEE UNDER: Storr (1988) Andrew (1989) Stafford (1999) Cialdini, Robert B., Ph.D. i Influence: Science and Practice. Fourth Edition, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2001, x+262pp. LOC: LA Sierra U. A further revision of the bestseller (250,000 copies by 2001) originally published in 1984. Dr. Cialdini, an experimental social psychologist, is Regents Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University at Tempe. FIELDS: 1-Star/PSYOPS/
Cindrich, Ivan, Nancy K. Del Grande, Sankaran Gowrinathan, Peter B. Johnson, James F. Shanley (chairs/editors) iii Aerial Surveillance Sensing Including Obscured and Underground Object Detection. Bellingham, WA: SPIE, 1994, vii+436pp. LOC: NPS. 34 technical papers by various specialists originally presented at a 4-6 April 1994
conference of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) conference in Orlando, Florida. See also Department of Army (1969) . CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/IMINT/Surveillance/
Cizek, Gregory J. iii Cheating on Tests: How to Do It, Detect It, and Prevent It. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1999, 288pp. LOC: Florida State U (Tallahassee); Oxford. The first comprehensive study of the subject of cheating on written tests and examinations for schools and professional certification. Commended for its historical and cross-cultural perspectives. See particularly Chapters 3 (How to Cheat: A Compendium of Methods) and 7 (Detecting Cheating on Tests) and Appendix A (Statistical Methods for Detecting Cheating). See also Jacob & Levitt (2002). Dr. Cizek a Professor of Educational Measurement and Evaluation at the University of North Carolina. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/603/ 3-Star/Cheating/Cultural/
iiii Detecting and Preventing Classroom Cheating: Promoting Integrity in Assessment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, Inc., 2003, xiii+167pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz.. FIELDS: 4-Star/Cheating/
Clark, Franklin, and Ken Diliberto ii Investigating Computer Crime. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1996, xviii+228pp. Useful collaboration of a retired detective Clark and computer systems expert Diliberto. See also Mendell (1998). FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/
Clark, J. Ransom iiii The Literature of Intelligence: A Bibliography of Materials, with Essays, Reviews, and Comments. Internet 1998-2005 and continuing (http://intellit.muskingum.edu). LOC: BW (copy); Internet. The most recent bibliography of military intelligence and among the better ones. Generally well selected and usefully annotated. First released on the Internet in 1998 and updated into 2005. Dr. Clark (1990 JD from George Mason Law School) spent most of his adult life (26 years) with CIA, specifically from 1964 until his retirement in 1990 when he joined the faculty at Muskingum College in New Concord, Ohio where he became Professor of Political Science until emerited in 2005. FIELDS: 4-Star/INTEL/Bibliography/
Clark, Michael i Humour and Incongruity, Philosophy, Vol.45 (1970), 20-32. Reprinted as Humor and Incongruity, in Morreall (1987), 139-155. Clarks reformulation of Schopenhauers Incongruity Theory as presented in his The World as Will. See the further refinement of Clark in Martin (1983). FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Clarke, Dudley [Wrangel] (1899-1974) A Force Narrative War Diary, 1941-45. Manuscript. LOC: Public Record Office (Kew, Greater London); scarce; not seen. Brigadier Clarkes unpublished account of his work with his A-Force, the British deception planning group in the Middle East 1940-45. By all accounts, I should rate this a three or four-star text. Recruited by Wavell, Clarke, a skilled amateur magician, was the first British military deception planner in WW II. He and Dr. R. V. Jones were the two most influential deception planners on the Allied side during that war. Clarke, born in Johannesburg, South Africa, was reared in England. Taught magic by age 12 by his godfather-uncle Sidney Wrangel Clarke. British Army officer 1916-1947. As a founder in 1940 of the Royal Marine Commandos, he gave them that name. As head of "A Force", the British deception planning & operations section in the Middle East & Mediterranean Theatres 1940-45, he was the most innovative & successful of all British WW II military deceptionists. After WW II he headed the public opinion research department of the Conservative Central Office, 1948-52. Wrote Golden Arrow (1955, 253pp), an international crime thriller. Director, SECURICOR Ltd. A fairly satisfactory preliminary biography is Mure (1980). SEE: Dovey, The Eighth Assignment (1996-1997). ?-Star/Deception/Biography/
FIELDS:
i Golden Arrow. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1955, 253pp. An inferior novel of international crime (counterfeiting and smuggling), which the protagonist must solve. Interesting only because of its authors wartime mastery of military deception. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/Smuggling/
Clarke, Sidney W. (1864-1940) ii "The Annals of Conjuring," The Magic Wand (Mar 1924-Dec 1928). Four copies were issued in 1929 as a single volume (reprinted 1983 & 2001). A 291-page series on the history of magic packed with biographical detail on several hundred magicians, mainly British. For easy reference, I recommend the one-volume photo-reprints with their comprehensive name-index by Robert Lund. For magic history see also Christopher (1973). Sidney Wrangel Clarke, an English barrister, amateur magician, and historian of conjuring, was the magic teacher of his nephew and godson, Brig. Dudley Wrangel Clarke, the British Armys leading World War II deception planner. A good biography is is Edwin A. Dawes, The Barrister in The Circle (1983, 123pp). FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/
Clausewitz, Carl von (1780-1831) Vom Kriege. 1832. iii On War. English translation, edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976, xii+711pp. Introductory Essays by Peter Paret, Michael Howard, and Bernard Brodie with a Commentary by Bernard Brodie. LOC: NPS. The classic text by the Prussian general and strategist. Of particular relevance here for his two chapters on surprise. Inconsistencies abound because he died before he could make the final revisions. For criticism see Handel (2001) and particularly Gat (2001). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Military/Surprise/
Cleary, Thomas (1949- ) ii The Japanese Art of War: Understanding the Culture of Strategy. Boston: Shambhala, 1991, 131pp. LOC: CalStateU-Los Angeles. A clear but controversial exposition of the basic way that Japanese and Western cultures differ. The author traces this to the specific Japanese martial tradition and martial governance until 1945. Dr. Cleary (Harvard PhD in East Asian languages and cultures) is a prolific American translator from the Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, Irish, etc. He is often faulted for spreading himself too thin and working too fast. However, as my UC-Berkeley professor, Peter Boodberg, once said of the great orientalist, Arthur Waley, by doing so he gave us many works and insights we wouldnt otherwise haveleaving to lesser mortals the tasks of polishing his rough-cut gems. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 601/ 2-Star/Japan/
Miyamoto (1643) Yagy (1632)
Cliffe, Lionel, Maureen Ramsay (1948- ), and Dave Bartlett (1947- ) i The Politics of Lying: Implications for Democracy. Houndmills, England: Macmillan Press, 2000, xiv+236pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. On the political aspects of official secrets in Great Britain and the United States. See also Bok (1978). Prof. Cliffe was a political economist at the University of Leeds who specialized in African affairs. Both co-authors were political scientists at Leeds. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/Political/
Clifton, Charles ii Deception Detection: Winning the Polygraph Game. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 1991, vi+145pp. LOC: BW; Congress. Brief but accurate expos of the so-called lie detector test. See also Lykken (1981), Kelly (2004), and Ruscio (2005). FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/Interrogation/
Cline, Lawrence E. iiii Pseudo Operations and Counterinsurgency: Lessons from Other Countries. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College, Jun 2005, vi+31pp. LOC: NPS. So-called pseudo operations are activities where government forces and/or guerrilla defectors simulate a small guerrilla team. Dr. Cline shows that these have been a very successful technique used in several counterinsurgency campaigns, particularly in providing critical HUMINT and other support for counterinsurgency. Cline draws his examples from the following campaigns: 1) The Huk Insurrection in the Philippines, 1946-55; 2) Malaya, 1940s-50s; 3) The Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya, 1952-1960; 4) The French experience in Indochina & Algeria; 5) Rhodesia & the Selious Scouts; 6) Other post-WW II cases with the Portuguese in Africa in 1960s-70s, the Salvadoran Civil War, Turks versus Kurds. Im surprised that Cline overlooks the single most cost-effective exampleand an American one at that! Namely, the case of US BG Scraping Fred Funstons small force of 85 comprised of Philippine troops, guerrilla defectors, and 5 American officers, all disguised as Tagalog guerrillas and their 5 American prisoners. In 1899 Funston led them 110 miles through the jungle directly into rebel Presidente Aguinaldos secret HQ where his capture assured the quick collapse of the entire Philippine Insurrection, ending the two-year blood-letting that had caused 6,000 American casualties. Dr. Cline (PhD in Political Science, SUNY) is a retired US Army Military Intelligence officer now (2005) in the Center for Civil-Military Relations at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 4-Star/Deception/Asymmetry/ CLASSES: 603/
Cline, Marjorie W[ilson] (ca.1914-2001), Carla E. Christiansen, and Judith M. Fontaine i Scholars Guide to Intelligence Literature: Bibliography of the Russell J. Bowen Collection in the Joseph Mark Lauinger Memorial Library, Georgetown University. Frederick, Maryland: University Publications of America, Inc., 1983, xix+236pp. Published for the National Intelligence Study Center. LOC: NPS. A checkllist of some 5,000 titles from Bowens personal collection on military intelligence, one of the worlds largest. Although not annotated, was highly recommended by Pforzheimer (1985). Col. (USMC) Bowen graduated from MIT in 1943 in Chemistry. Mrs. Cline, was the wife of Ray Cline, former CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence (DDI). During WW II the then Miss Marjorie Wilson worked as a cryptographer on Japanese codes. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/Bibliography/
Coderre, David G. iii Fraud Detection: A Revealing Look at Fraud. 2nd edition, Revised & Updated, Vancouver, Canada: Ekaros Analytical Inc, 2004, xii+304pp. LOC: BW3; Congress. A computer data-analysis technique to detect fraud. It looks for subtle anomalies that are early warning signs of fraud. The original edition had been published in 1999. Coderre, a Canadian accountant, specializes in white collar crime. FIELDS: 3-Star/Computers/Fraud/
Codevilla, Angelo (1943- ) iii Informing Statecraft: Intelligence for a New Century. New York: The Free Press, 1992, xix+491pp. One of the few fine books on strategic intelligence. A harsh but well-informed critique of the US intelligence community. Exposes the largely self-serving entrenched upper and mid-level bureaucracy which produces considerable incompetence and grossly unbalanced intelligence collection priorities that sacrifice cheap old-fashioned agents-inplace for those sexy expensive national technical means. Includes some wise comments on deception. However, I doubt the Soviets were anywhere nearly as capable as he believes of running any master deception plan to mislead the West about Soviet military capabilities. Codevilla, then a Senior Fellow at Stanfords Hoover Institution, had served from 1977 to 1985 as a senior staff member of the Senate Intelligence Committee. Now (2005) he is a professor at Boston University. REV: Jeffrey Richelson in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.8, No.1 (Jan 1993), 114-116. A mixed review. REV: James J. Wirtz in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.10, No.2 (1997), 246-248. Another mixed review. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/INTEL/
Cody, Michael J., Peter J. Marston, & Myrna Foster i Deception: Paralinguistic and Verbal Leakage, in Robert N. Bostrom (editor), Communication Yearbook 8 (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1984), 464-490. LOC: Western Washington U. Pioneer but weak research including an experiment with only 42 subjects. Indicated a bit more optimistically than Ekman (1985) that liars inadvertently leak truth more through verbal cues than through facial or body-language ones. Moreover, these liars do so more than truth-tellers (truthers). The authors specialized in non-verbal communication. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Cohen, Eliot A. (1956- ), and John Gooch (1945- ) ii Military Misfortunes: The Anatomy of Failure in War. New York: The Free Press, 1990, viii+296pp. Also in facsimile PB (1991). LOC: BW. A fresh and occasionally commendable effort to account for military failure, one that stresses doctrinal and organizational mismatches with the enemy. I accept many of the small points and a few main conclusions, particularly those that draw on the work of Charles Perrow (1984) on catastrophic failure in complex organizations. However I find the book quite ineffective on the role of intelligence and deplore its reliance on Bettss notions on the inevitability of surprise. I particularly regret the gross neglect of the role of deception and its timely detection, of the psychological elements of self-deception and hubris, and of its almost sycophantic unwillingness to blame individual commanders, politicians, or CEOs. The book prefers to blame the system while forgetting that it was often the commanders, politicians, or CEOs whod created or willingly joined those flawed systems. See also Tuchman (1984), Durschmied (2002), and Dahl (2004).
This book is an outgrowth of the authors joint seminar in 1985 at the U.S. Naval War College where they were visiting scholars. Cohen is an American specialist on defense affairs, Gooch an English military historian. REV: Julian Thompson in The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.14, No.1 (1991), 112. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/
Cohen, Fred; Dave Lambert, Charles Preston, Nina Berry, Corbin Stewart, and Eric Thomas. ii A Framework for Deception. USA: Fred Cohen & Associates, 13 Jul 2001, 64pp. LOC: http://all.net/journal/deception/Framework/Framework.html. Finds deception to be cost-effective for protecting information from hackers. The research was conducted by Fred Cohen & Associates for the U.S. Department of Defense. Dr. Cohen has specialized in information security since the late 1970s. His influential 1986 PhD dissertation in Electrical Engineering from USC was on computer viruses. FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/
________ Frauds, Spies, and Lies and How to Defeat Them. Fred Cohen & Associates: Nov 2005, 234pp.. LOC: not seen. REV: M. E. Kay in Network World, 14 Feb 2006. An enthusiastic review. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: ?-Star/Computers/
Lambert (1987)
Cohen, Ted Jokes: Philosophical Thoughts on Joking Matters. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1999, xi+99pp. LOC: Carlsbad City L. In this highly acclaimed book, Cohen presents two extraordinary conclusions: There is no formula for making up jokes, and not everyone can do it. (p.4). I find this unacceptable from a 1972 Harvard PhD and University of Chicago philosophy professor who has been studying humor since 1983. He even seems ignorant of the Incongruity Theory. FIELDS: 0-Star/Humor/
Cohon, Robert i Discovery and Deceit: Archaeology & The Forgers Craft. Kansas City, Missouri: The NelsonAtkins Museum of Art, 1996, 48pp. LOC: BW; Getty. Essay-catalog accompanying the authors 1998-99 Treasures of Deceit traveling exhibition of archaeological forgeries. A rare admission of the high degree of forgery in this field. The author, a PhD art historian, was curator of ancient art at Kansas Citys Nelson-Atkins Museum. FIELDS: 1-Star/Archaeology/
Colby, William E. (1920-1996) With CIA since 1962, including as DDO 1973 and DCI 1973-1976. SEE UNDER: Bottom & Gallati (1984)
Cole, D[avid] J. (1938- ) i A Writers Guide to Police Organization and Crime Investigation and Detection. London: Robert Hale, 1996, 191pp. LOC: Harvard; Oxford. Unlike most such titles which have an American perspective, this focuses on British practice. See also Kurland (1995). Cole, retired by the time of publication, had served 35 years in the British army and police, having handled cases ranging from such serious crimes as burglary & homicide to IRA terrorism & Soviet espionage. FIELDS: 1-Star/Police/
Cole, Eric ii Hiding in Plain Sight: Steganography and the Art of Covert Communication. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley Publishing Co., 2003, xviii+335pp+CD. LOC: NPS. A textbook of stego. Cole, after five years as a CIA intern in infosec, turned professional consultant in network security. At the time of publication he was working on a PhD in network steganography from Pace University. See also Anderson (1996, 1998, & 2000), Katzenbeisser & Petitcolas (2000), and Wayner (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/COMINT/
________, Ronald Krutz (1938- ), and James W. Conley ii Network Security Bible. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2005, xxxiv+660pp. LOC: BW. A comprehensive textbook and manual. Drs. Cole & Krutz and Mr. Conley are all employees of The Sytex Group, Inc. FIELDS: 2-Star/COMINT/
Cole, Simon A. (1967- ) ii Suspect Identities: A History of Fingerprint and Criminal Identification. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001, 369pp. LOC: BW The most comprehensive and detailed study, although disappointingly weak on theory and statistics. Also confusing about the inheritability of prints and misses some highly relevant points such as Locards poroscopy. Better is Beavan (2001). See also Faulds (1880 & 1905), Galton (1892), Henry (1900), Wilton (1938), and Specter (2002). Based on Dr. Coles 1998 Ph.D. dissertation in Science & Technology from Cornell, Manufacturing Identity: A History of Criminal Identification Techniques from Photography Through Fingerprinting. REV: A. A. In his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.2 No.2(Jul-Dec). Recommends Cole to the general reader. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/ID/
Cole, Sonia (1918-1982) iii Counterfeit: The Art of Various Acts of Forgery. London: John Murray, 1955, 209pp; New York: Abelard-Schuman, 1956, 209pp. LOC: Getty; U of Toronto. French translation by Genevive Brallion as Faux crnes et faux tableaux. Paris: Hachette, 1958, 269pp. LOC: Getty; Frick. An intelligent popular survey, arguably the best of its kind. Covers forged books, murals, paintings, bones, etc. The author was a British archaeologist. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Art/Archaeology/
Conant, Jennet i Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and the Secret Palace of Science That Changed the Course of World War Two. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002, xvi+ 330pp. In spite of its off-putting sub-title, a fine biography of Alfred Loomis (1887-1975), wealthy lawyer and brilliantly inventive amateur physicist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Science/Biography/
Conklin, Barbara Gardner, [and] Robert Gardner (1929- ), Dennis Shortelle i Encyclopedia of Forensic Science: A Compendium of Detective Fact and Fiction. Westport, Conn.: Oryx Press, 2002, xvi+329pp. LOC: U of Redlands; British L. Covers some 200 broad topics in standard encyclopedic A-to-Z format. Skimpy guide for detectives but a handy reference for writers of both fictional and true crime. See also Lane (1992), Siegel (2000), and Bell (2004). The authors are elementary & high school teachers of, respectively, special ed, science, and history. REV: A.A. in Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.6, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2005). Recommends as one of the most exhaustive and readable encyclopedia of forensic science published in recent times. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/Fiction/
Conklin, John E. (1943- ) iii Art Crime. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994, 322pp. LOC: Columbia. Ranges from forgery, through fraud, theft, grave-robbing, and smuggling, to vandalism. On art theft generally see also Adams (1974), McLeave (1981), Watson (1983 & 1997), Spiel (2000), and Dolnick (2005). Dr. Conklin, a sociologist and criminologist, is a Harvard PhD (1969) and a Professor at Tufts University. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/Smuggling/
Conquest, Robert (1917- ) iii Ideology and Deception, in Dailey & Parker (1987),119-131. On the ways that the predominant political ideology of Russian elites influenced their theory & practice of deception. See also Leites (1953). Born in England to an English mother & American father, the British Dr. Conquest (D.Litt. from Oxford in Soviet history) joined the British Communist Party from 1937 until 1939 when he broke away and entered the British Army, becoming an intelligence officer. His most famous publication, The Great Terror (1968), was a fine piece of political-historical detection that proved, long before the opening of Soviet archives, the banal personal evil of Stalins regime. In 1981 he joined the faculty of Stanfords Hoover Institution. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 601/ 3-Star/Russia/Deception/ Dziak (1988)
Constantinides, George C. iii Intelligence and Espionage: An Analytical Bibliography. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1983, 559pp. LOC: BW3; NPS; Air U; Army War College; British L. An uncommonly reliable guide through the minefields of errors and fictions that plague the unwary in this too often turgid and sensationalized field. Includes 44 items specifically on deception and disinformation. Still a must corrective for the early literature. Aside from some controversial judgments, I find only the usual spelling slipups such as Americanizing Mures Practise to Deceive and Whaleys Stratagem. See also Harris (1968), Pforzheimer (1985), and Clark (2005). Author was a U.S. intelligence and national security affairs analyst for nearly 25 years until his retirement in 1974. REV: Pforzheimer (1985) called it the best annotated bibliography on the literature of intelligence currently available commercially. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/HUMINT/
Cook, James W. (1966- ) ii The Arts of Deception: Playing with Fraud in the Age of Barnum. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001, xv+314pp. LOC: Hartnell College. On fraudulent productions in late 19th century America. Cook was then an assistant professor of history and American culture at the University of Michigan. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/
Cooke, Roy A., and Rodger H. Ide ii Principles of Fire Investigation. Leicester: The Institution of Fire Engineers, 1985, 405pp. LOC: U of Alabama (Birmingham); Kings College (London). A comprehensive manual. Both authors were then Home Office forensic scientists who specialized on fires. FIELDS: 2-Star/Arson/
Cookson, Robin E. iii Cover and Deception by the Royal Air Force in World War II. New York: Garland, 1989, xii+274pp. LOC: NPS; British L; LSE. Facsimiles of documents of the Counter Intelligence Corps now stored in the U.S. National Archives. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/
Cooper, H. H. A., and Lawrence J. Redlinger i Catching Spies: Principles and Practices of Counterespionage. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 1988, 403pp. Reprinted New York: Bantam Books, 1990, 368pp. LOC: BW; NPS. Although a handy overview and modestly documented, use with caution; or, better, instead read Johnson (1987). See also Pinto (1952), Wright (1987), and Herrington (1999). Dr. Tony Cooper is a consultant on terrorism and executive protection. Dr. Redlinger (PhD in sociology, Northwestern U) is a professor of political economy specialized on crime at the University of Texas (Dallas). REV: Hayden B. Peake in the International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol. 4, No.1 (Spring 1990), 130-132, characterizes this as a "depressingly flawed book" in which the writers "often use the wrong terminology and inaccurate definitions, coupled with trite analogies and erroneous basic concepts." It "contains different distortions than their earlier Making Spies (1986) and atrocious errors of fact." Peake concludes that there is an "under supply of merit ... in both books." FIELDS: 1-Star/HUMINT/
Cooper, Thomas W. (1950- ) A Time Before Deception: Truth in Communication, Culture, and Ethics. Santa Fe, NM: Clear Light Publishers, 1998, 244pp. The author, a former assistant to Marshall McLuhan and a professor of communication, pushes his theory that many Indigenous Peoples and Native Societies have been guided since early time by a spiritual ecology that embodies a fundamental truth-telling communication ethic. I suspect Mr. Cooper actually believes this romantic New Age replay of the old Noble Savage myth. See also Bok (1978). In addition to the usual published sources, from 1990 to 1991 Cooper lived among and studied the Shuswap of British Columbia, the Din Navaho of Arizona, and had one Native Hawaiian informant from whom he blithely generalizes to an entire culture. FIELDS: 0-Star/Cultures/Ethics/
Coover, Dr. John Edgar (1872-1938) i Legerdemain Explained, The Delineator, Vol.97, No.7 (London & New York: Jan 1921), 7-8. LOC: BW (copy). An early public expos of the codes used in two-person mind-reading (telepathic) stage acts. Dr. Coover was in the Psychology Department at Stanford. FIELDS: 1-Star/Magic/Cryptology/
Coram, Robert ii Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2002, x+485pp. LOC: NPS. Col. Boyd (1927-1997) was a maverick USAF officer and top gun who devised the OODA Loop (Observe, Orient, Decide, Act) described in Chapter 24 (pp.327-344). He was a devout student of Sun Tzus The Art of War, which he judged (p.331) the only text on military theory that had no flaws. See also Hammond (2001). Boyd is a truly noteworthy figure and his ideas are worth attending. However, he has developed a cult-like following in certain American military and business management circles. This claque includes biographer Coram, an American freelance writer of non-fiction & novels. FIELDS: 2-Star/Business/Biography/
Corbett, Jim (1875-1955) ii Jungle Lore. London: Oxford University Press, 1953, 168pp. LOC: Mid-Continent PL (1990 facsimile reprint); Cambridge. James Edward Corbett was one of the legendary tracker-hunters of India. Keen advice on jungle tracking from a professional shikari whod learned from his prey maneating tigers. Recommended by H. John Poole. Also wrote the best-selling Man-Eaters of Kumaon (1944). See also Scott-Donelan (1998) and Brown (1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Tracking/Biography/
Cornwell, David (1931- ) SEE UNDER: Le Carr, John [his pen name] Corwin, Miles ii Homicide Special: A Year with the LAPDs Elite Detective Unit. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2003, 389pp. LOC: Monterey PL. Solid reporting. Corwin, a former Los Angeles Times reporter, spent summer 2000 to summer 2001 with Homicide Special as an observer, collecting the material for this book. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/
Cosmides, Leda, and John Tooby iii "Dissecting the computational architecture of social inference mechanisms," in Bock & Cardew (1997), 132-156, with discussion on 156-161. Reports the authors' experiments which support the interesting hypothesis that the human mind is highly attuned to detecting situations where persons may cheat to gain some advantage without fulfilling the spirit of a social contract. See also Gigerenzer & Hug (1992). Cosmides (PhD in psychology, Harvard, 1985) & Tooby (PhD in anthropology, Harvard, 1989) were pioneering evolutionary psychologists at the University of California at Santa Barbara.
REV: Critiques are in Pinker (1997) and Miller (2000), 302-303. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 601/ 3-Star/Logic/Cheating/
Barkow, Cosmides, Tooby (1992)
Costello, Peter iii The Real World of Sherlock Holmes: The true crimes investigated by Arthur Conan Doyle. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers Inc., 1991, xii+235pp. LOC: Santa Cruz PL. Comprehensive, well-documented, account of the several little-known criminal cases in which Doyle actively participated in addition to his famous and successful roles in the Edalji and Slater cases. See also Hines (2001) and Barnes (2005). Mr. Costello is an Irish writer of biographies. FIELDS: 3-Star/Biography/
Courand, Gregory J. iii Counter Deception. Mountain View, CA: Advanced Decision Systems, 1 Dec 1989, ii+21pp. Published as ADS Project 3263. LOC: BW (copy); Naval War College. Study, sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, of the problem of providing counterdeception support for computational expert systems, as broadly defined. FIELDS: 3-Star/ Computers/Experts/Counterdeception/
Cox, Richard J., and David A. Wallace (1961- ) (editors) ii Archives and the Public Good: Accountability & Records in Modern Society. Westport: Quorum Books, 2002, vi+340pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. Collection of 14 articles by 18 authors on the subject of archival preservation, theft, manipulation, and forgery. See particularly Gracy (2002). Cox & Wallace are professional American archivists. FIELDS: 2-Star/Business/
Craddock, Paul T. ii The detection of fake and forged antiquities, Chemistry and Industry (London: 7 Jul 1997), 515-519. LOC: BW (copy). Brief but clear summary of the types of problems and physical-chemical solutions in authenticating ancient metal objects. Dr. Craddock was head of metal research at the British Museum. See also Bowman (1991), 141-157. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Antiques/
Craigie, John H. (1929- ) iii The Element of Surprise in Modern Warfare. N.p.: Privately printed, 1991, xiii+158pp multilithed. LOC: BW. Inspired by the work on surprise attack by Wohlstetter (1962) and Betts (1978 & 1982). Seemingly done as a back-burner effort while Craigie was at RAND. Based on an analysis of 8 case studies but, unfortunately, without the benefit of the analysis and many additional cases in Whaley (1969). A revision of Craigies original 1983 manuscript done while the author apparently was with TRW. See also Merglen (1968). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Surprise/Military/ CLASSES: 603/
Craik, K[enneth] J. W. (1914-1945) ii The Nature of Explanation. Cambridge, England: At The University Press, 1943, viii+123pp LOC: U of Redlands. Dr. Craik (1940 Cambridge PhD), a Scottish applied psychologist, was the first to theorize (in defiance of Behaviorism) that we mentally construct a condensed smallscale model of our worldly environment. He concluded (pp.120-121): I have outlined a symbolic theory of thought, in which the nervous system is viewed as a calculating machine capable of modeling or paralleling external events, and have suggested that this process of paralleling is the basic feature of thought and of explanation. See also Barlow (1961). FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/
[Cram, Cleveland C.] (ca.1918-1999) ii Of Moles and Molehunters: A Review of Counterintelligence Literature, 1977-92. [Langley, VA]: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Oct 1993, vi+71pp. LOC: NPS; National Library of Scotland. Reprinted in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.38, No.5 (1995). LOC: Internet. In-depth reviews of 18 key books on counterintelligence. Dr. Cram (PhD Harvard) was a WW II US Navy officer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterintel/
Crane, Mark (1971- ), Richard Raiswell (1966- ), Margaret Reeves (editors) ii Shell Games: Studies in Scams, Frauds, and Deceits (1300-1650). Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2004, xi+334pp. LOC: Congress; Yale; Haverford College. 13 papers presented on 28 Apr 2001 in Toronto, Canada, at Victoria Universitys Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/Fraud/
Craven, John Pia (ca.1924- ) ii The Silent War: The Cold War Battle Beneath the Sea. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001, 304pp. LOC: BW. Memoirs of the former U.S. Navy Chief Scientist, 1959-71. See also Sontag & Drew (1998). Dr. Craven (1951 PhD in engineering from Iowa) subsequently alleged that the editor and ghost writer assigned by his publisher went for best seller history by sensationalizing the account hed wanted titled Tales of an Ancient Mariner. John was one of most extraordinarily effective administrators and science detectives Ive ever known. Now (2005) semi-retired in Hawaii. REV: Theodore L. Gaillard Jr. In U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol.127, No.4 (Apr 2001), 98. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/Biography/
Crawford, Vincent P. ii Lying for Strategic Advantage; Rational and Boundedly Rational Misrepresentations of Intentions, American Economic Review, Vol.93 (Mar 2003), 133-149. A more than usually relevant game-theoretic analysis. Dr. Crawford (1976 MIT PhD in Economics). FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Crawley, Aidan (1908-1993) ii Escape from Germany: The Methods of Escape Used by RAF Airmen during the Second World War. London: H.M.S.O., 1985, xi+351pp. With a new Introduction by Air Commodore H. A. Probert. LOC: Air U; Cambridge. One of the best books on escape & evasion. This is the full official version that Crawley had previously published in censored form in 1956 with the same main title. Crawley had himself headed one of the main British escape organizations. Subsequently became a Conservative M.P., made a fortune in British TV, and lost it all by unwisely investing exclusively in Lloyds of London during its major defaultings in the late 80s & early 90s. FIELDS: 2-Star/Escape&Evasion/
Crawley, W. iiii Is It Genuine? A Guide to the Identification of Eighteenth-Century English Furniture. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1971, 156pp. LOC: Sacramento City-County PL; Congress. A fine guide to the making and detection of these commonly faked pieces. In explaining his belief that only a small fraction of the many thousands of pieces posing a genuine 18th Century English Chippendale, Sheraton, or Hepplewhite furniture, Mr. Crawley, an English master cabinet maker, avers (p.14) that , There is probably not enough genuine eighteenth-century antique [English] furniture for sale to keep more than one shop going in London. See also Cescinsky (1931). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Furniture/
Crews, Frederick (1933- ) ii Out, Damned Blot! The New York Review of Books, Vol.51, No.12 (15 Jul 2004), 22-25. A critical review of James M. Wood & others, Whats Wrong with the Rorschach? (2003). Dr. Crews, a 1958 PhD from Princeton and Professor Emeritus of English at UCBerkeley, is best known as a Freud basher and satirical critic of Post-Modernism. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychiatry/
Critchley, Julian (1930-2000) iiii Warning and Response: A Study of Surprise Attack in the 20th Century and an Analysis of Its Lessons for the Future. London: Leo Cooper, 1978, 123pp. Foreword by Sir Ian Gilmour. LOC: NPS; Congress. Shows that modern Western politicians are capable of understanding much of the principle of surprise. Indeed, his Conclusions (pp.117-121) give the most convincing approach I have seen toward a potential Theory of Surprise. However, somewhat overly committed to Goethes self-deception notion and particularly the flawed signals-noise theory of Wohlstetter (1962) even to the point of paraphrasing her subtitle as his main title, Warning and Decision. Critchley, a witty British broadcaster who was widely experienced in defense matters, served as a British Conservative M.P. 1959-64 & 1970-97. Knighted in 1995. Expelled from the Thatchers Conservative Party in 1999 because he thought it too antiEuropean. Autobiography is A Bag of Boiled Sweets (1995). REV: Constantinides (1983), 140-141. His [Critchleys] conclusion recognizes secrecy, deception, and self-deception in bringing about surprise.... His view of surprise is closer to Roberta Wohlstetters than to Barton Whaleys; active deception measures and means do not get the attention such operations warrant. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/CI/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Surprise/Self-deception/ 600/
Crosland, H[arold] R[andolph] (1893-1971) ii The Psychological Methods of Word-association and Reaction-time as Tests of Deception. Eugene: University Press, Jan 1929, 104pp. LOC: Stanford; U of Puget Sound (Tacoma, WA). Mainly valuable for its concise but thorough summary of the many studies from Galton in 1879 to the authors own time. Also conducted and reports on 7 follow up experiments by Crosland that gave generally positive results. See also Galton (1979), Jung (1905b & 1905c), and Freud (1924). Dr. Crosland was in the Department of Psychology at the University of Oregon until retiring in 1958. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Cross, Rob[ert L.] (1967- ), Andrew Parker ii The Hidden Power of Social Networks: Understanding How Work Really Gets Done in Organizations. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2004, xiii+213pp. LOC: NPS. A scholarly survey of the recent literature. See also Freeman (2004) and Carrington, Scott, Wasserman (2005).
Cross is an assistant professor of management at the University of Virginia, Parker a management consultant. FIELDS: 2-Star/Networks/
Cruickshank, Charles (1914-1989) i The Fourth Arm: Psychological Warfare 1938-1945. London: Davis-Poynter, 1977, 200pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford. A first history of British psyops in WW II as conducted by what they called the Political Warfare Executive. See also Linebarger (1954). Dr. Cruickshank was a minor English military historian. REV: Constantinides (1983), 142-143. Remarks (p.143) that, The weakest part ... is Cruickshanks refusal to tap the memory of those still living because of his conviction that such recollections are unreliable, a conviction that shows a surprisingly excessive faith in the accuracy of document and an equally excessive reluctance to double-check personal memories. FIELDS: 1-Star/PSYOPS/
i Deception in World War II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979, 248pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. One of the first accounts of the military deceptions of WW II to appear following the first wave of bulk declassifications of British documents on that topic that began in 1978. Mistitled its a history of British deception and the only in the West European and Mediterranean theaters, with only passing recognition of American and German deceptions. Indeed it doesnt even bother to look closely at the victims perceptions, despite the then public availability of much of their documents. Although based largely on official British records, the author under-plays the value of deception operations, particularly any that fell short of their intended goals. But he does make several strong points. For example: The perfect deception plan is like a jigsaw puzzle. Pieces of information are allowed to reach the enemy in such a way as to convince him that he has discovered them by accident. If he puts them together himself he is far more likely to believe that the intended picture is a true one. An endless variety of such pieces can be offered to the enemy. (p.xi) Unfortunately these bright thoughts just pop up at random and never become general conclusions much less formal hypotheses. In sum, all that was good in Cruickshank has been superceded by many later works such as Howard (1990) and Holt (2004). See also Whaley (1969). REV: Donald C. Daniel & Katherine L. Herbig in Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.3, No.3 (Dec 1980), 104-106. A solid review that shows a proper degree of skepticism about Cruickshanks own excessively skepticism. REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 21, concludes, Unfortunately, the author does not use any of the available Axis sources to determine the effectiveness of the operations, but relies on the Allies own appraisal of their success or failure. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Britain/
[Cruickshank, Douglas N.] iii Foreign Denial & Deception (D&D): Soviet Maskirovka: A Bibliography. Washington, DC: Special Studies Division, U.S. Air Force Intelligence Service, Nov 1986, v+113pp. Published in 559 copies as USAFINTEL 500-5". LOC: Naval War College; Command & General Staff College; National Defense U; Marine Corps U. A bibliography of 337 books and articles on Soviet camouflage & deception, all drawn from Soviet open-source periodicals published between 1968 and 1985. Briefly annotated and cross referenced by authors surname. This is a rich source that should be enlarged by more detailed annotations, updated to the present, widened to cover books, and extended as a series of separate country studies, as on Chinese, Korean, Iranian, and Israeli D&D. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 3-Star/Camouflage/Russia
Cryptologia ii Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, USA: Vol.1, No.1 (Jan 1977)-Vol.19, No.2 (Apr 1995); then Prof. Winkel at Westpoint Vol.19, No.3 (Jul 1995)-Vol.29, No.4 (Oct 2005); then London: Taylor & Francis, Vol.30, No.1 (2006)-in progress. The premier journal of communications intelligence in general and cryptology in particular. Original articles and reviews. Issued quarterly. Founded by expert amateur cryptologists David Kahn and Louis Kruh. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cryptology/Periodicals/
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation i CBS-TV, 2000-2006-in progress. Weekly, one-hour series. Fictional crime drama about a world-class forensic lab and team in Las Vegas. Although this hugely successful series has bred several clones, it remains the most realistic of the lot in its science and technical details, particularly in its earlier seasons. Most critics whine about the fact that the CSI team produces results in unrealistically timely fashionthereby forgetting the one-hour time constraint dictated by the shows TV format. A minor complaint is that very few real-world criminalists ever see much less question suspects thats the cops job. (British forensic scientist Stuart Kind was a rare exception.) For me the only serious diversion from reality is that no single forensic lab anywhere is that consistently on target. Finally, I find it amusing that some Law Enforcement and Media pundits deplore the fact that CSI (and programs like it) show the types of clues that forensic scientists look for and only educate criminals. (Wear gloves to avoid fingerprints or destroy those that they do leave by washing with bleach to destroy their trace DNA.) This is, of course, true. But the critics rant with its implication that government should censor these shows by classifying specific counter-crime techniques overlooks two points: ! First, an informed citizenry is itself usually the first line of defense against crime. For example, Im now more likely to spot and report a crime, and Im certainly much less likely to blunder around and mess up any crime scene that I might stumble upon. ! Second and more important, on the advice of experienced art forgery techs it is always best to publish proven detection techniques and procedures in order to inform all other art detectives although this intelligence will soon leak out to the art forgers. In other words, they deem it better that all experts know how to detect certain incongruities than a few master forgers improve their forgeries. Indeed, most art detectives welcome
this predictable leakage because it helps keep them from growing complaisant. Moreover, they know that they will always be a step ahead of the criminals. Their published research is already marginally out-of-date. The truly most advanced techniques are in the R&D stage where they are shared among many colleagues by word-of-mouth and rough-draft manuscripts with little if any leakage. I believe that this semi-open (OSINT) policy is also the wise course among military deception and counterdeception experts where, as Ive argued in detail elsewhere, the detective (counterdeception analyst) in principle always has an advantage over the deceiver. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/Forensics/
Cubbage, T. L. ii German Misapprehensions Regarding Overlord: Understanding Failure in the Estimative Process, in Handel (1987a), 114-174. Pessimistic about the ability of intelligence services to predict strategic surprises. To that effect he even quotes among the usual suspects Sherwin & Whaley (1981). Thomas L Cubbage II served in US Army Intelligence 1965-71, originally in Vietnam and finally in the Pentagon, ending with the rank of major. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/
Cuomo di Caprio, Ninina iii La Galleria dei Falsi: Dal vasaio al mercato di antiquariato. Rome: LErma di Bretschneider, 1993, 372pp. LOC: Congress; Florida State U. On the authentication and forging of ancient Greek vases. See also Boardman (2001) and Rouet (2001). The author was a noted Italian archaeologist specialized on ancient Greek pottery. FIELDS: 3-Star/Greece/Pottery/
Cutler, Brian L., and Steven D. Penrod ii Mistaken identification: The eyewitness, psychology, and the law. Cambridge: University Press, 1995, x+290pp. Both authors are Americans and psychologists and Penrod is also a lawyer. See also Loftus & Ketcham (1991) and Loftus & Doyle (1997). FIELDS: 2-Star/Perception/Law/
Cvancara, Alan M. i Sleuthing Fossils: The Art of Investigating Past Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1990, xiii+203pp. A popular-science survey of paleontology. Cvancara was a professor of geology at the University of North Dakota. FIELDS: 1-Star/Geology/
-DDahl, Erik J. iiii Warning of Terror: Explaining the Failure of Intelligence Against Terrorism. Medford, Mass.: Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Jan 2004, 97pp. LOC: BW; Internet. Commander Dahl (USN, retired) presents an informed and detailed analysis of the various schools of surprise. His several findings, while controversial, are a welcome stimulus to thought. Dahl applies the Perrow (1984) normal accident theory (in Chapter 4, pp.61-72) and concludes: Accident theory suggests that while traditional theories of intelligence may be sufficient to explain the causes of intelligence failure, the inevitability of that failure may arise from the complex nature of the intelligence system. In addition, normal accident theory suggests that much of the literature on intelligence failure, which focuses on the problems caused by human perception and cognition, may be misguided and even counterproductive. (Authors original thesis Abstract) For another application of Perrows theory see Cohen & Gooch (1990). Dahl, a Harvard graduate (1979 AB in Government), had spent 21-years as a US Navy intelligencer until retiring in 2002 as an instructor at the Naval War College. This monograph was his MA thesis in Law and Diplomacy from the Fletcher School. Thence a PhD candidate at Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 600/ 4-Star/Terrorism/Surprise/INTEL-analysis/Accident/
iii Warning of Terror: Explaining the Failure of Intelligence Against Terrorism, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.25, No.1 (Feb 2005), 31-55. LOC: BW (copy). Although unfortunately given the same title as his above book, this is a quite different work. Even his one fairly original contribution in the previous work, namely his promising application of the Perrow model has vanished. Here Dahl importantly identifies four ways (pp.49-50) in which terrorists pose rather different problems for intelligencers and their commanders and concludes that the footprints of tomorrows terrorist attack can usually be found today. Consequently: The intelligence community must concentrate its work, and focus its imagination, on identifying how weapons and tactics that already exist today will be adapted and changed into deadlier weapons tomorrow. (p.53) FIELDS: 3-Star/Terrorism/Surprise/INTEL/
Dahl, Roald (1916-1990) iii Beware the Dog, Harpers (Oct 1944). LOC: Internet. A short story where an RAF fighter pilot in World War II is shot down over the Channel. He awakens in hospital with a missing leg. Led to believe hes in an English hospital in the Channel resort town of Brighton, he spots two discrepancies: 1) His nurse bathes him in hard water although he recalls Brighton waters as soft. 2) Dragging himself to a window he sees a sign in French GARDE AU CHIEN. So, when an English-
speaking officer wearing the uniform of an RAF Wing Commander asks the squadron leader to answer a few questions to help fill in this combat report by giving the details of his RAF unit, the pilot answers only with his Geneva-conventional Name, Rank, and Serial Number. I recommend this short fictional piece as trigger for a Deception 101 classroom discussion. Roald (pronounced RU-all) Dahl had been England-born of Norwegian parent. Although hed greatly exaggerated the autobiographical elements in this, his first short story, he had been an RAF fighter pilot in WW II when in 1940 he unromantically ran out of fuel and crash-landed his Gloster Gladiator biplane fighter in the Libyan Desert. Moderately injured in the face, he recovered over a few weeks in British military hospitals. Transferred to duty in the USA for the remainder of the war to the USA where he worked with William Stephensons secret British Security Coordination (BSC). Dahls simple, substantially elaborated, became the basis of three major fictional tales. First was a section in English spy thriller writer Len Deightons best-selling The Ipcress File (1962) in which a British intelligence officer is kidnapped and awakens in a prison cell that he is led to believe is in Hungary. This was the chapter that CIA Director Allen Dulles included in his Great Spy Stories from Fiction (1969). Second came the rather satisfactory MGM thriller movie starring James Garner, 36 Hours (1964). In that version a US Army major who knows the where and when secrets of the forthcoming D-Day invasion is rendered unconscious and kidnaped by the Nazis. He awakens in a simulated American hospital in a fake post-war Allied Occupied Germany where the Germans plan to get the secrets from him. A single discrepancy a nick on his chin from shaving that hed given himself only 36 hours earlier alerts him to the truth. The story was recycled for the third time in 1989 for an American TNT-TV drama titled Breaking Point in which an American agent captured by the Nazis tries to pry the D-Day secrets from him. When torture fails, they try the above type of deceptive charade. Dahl is most widely remembered as the author of imaginatively bizarre childrens stories, including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 3-Star/Fiction/Incongruity/ CLASSES: 600/
Dailey, Brian D., and Patrick J. Parker (editors) iiii Soviet Strategic Deception. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books/Hoover Institution Books, 1987, xx+538pp. Foreword by Andrew W. Marshall. LOC: BW; NPS; Marine Corps U; U of Florida; MIT; Stanford (Hoover Institution); Syracuse U; Oxford; LSE. A collection of 24 articles by as many contributors. While no single paper is outstanding, they form an important group. These are the published Proceedings from a Conference on Soviet Strategic Deception held 26-28 Sep 1985 at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. This work was supported by the Director of Net Assessment (Andrew Marshal). Dailey, then an Adjunct Professor in the National Security Affairs Department at NPS, went on to take his PhD from USC and thence to senior positions in the aerospace industry. Dr. Patrick Pat Parker (1955 Chicago PhD), then a Professor in the NPSs National Security Affairs Department, was a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence). REV: R. Daniel Botsch in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.3, No.4 (Winter 1988), 584-587. FIELDS: 4-Star/Deception/Military/Russia/
Dal, Salvador (1904-1989) SEE UNDER: Catterall (1992) Seckel (2003) Dance, Peter (1932- ) ii Animal Fakes & Frauds. Maidenhead, England: Sampson Low, 1976, 128pp. LOC: Jackson (Mississippi) Metropolitan L. A light-hearted but scholarly study of faked animals and their fakers from ancient times through the 19th century. Author was a British Museum zoologist, an expert on seashells. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/Zoology/
Daniel, Donald C[harles] (1944- ), and Katherine L. Herbig (editors) iiii Propositions on Military Deception, Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.5, No.1 (Mar 1982), 155-177. LOC: BW3. Reprinted (verbatim) in Daniel & Herbig (1982b), 3-30. This paper was originally at the International Studies Convention, Los Angeles, 19 Mar 1980. Dr. Daniel (1971 PhD in Political Science [IR] from Georgetown), on the faculty of the Department of Strategic Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, 1974-88, and at Georgetown since 2002. Dr. Herbig is a historian who at the time of writing this book was on the faculty of the Department of Strategic Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School. She is now (2004) with the Defense Personnel Security Research Center in Monterey, California. FIELDS: 4-Star/Deception/Military/
iiiii Strategic Military Deception. New York: Pergamon Press, 1982, xiii+378pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Air U; Marine Corps U; UC-Berkeley; LSE; Australian Defence Force Academy. Interesting, even important & influential collection of 16 original articles, including Heuer (1982), Reese (1982), Sarbin (1982), Sherwin & Whaley (1982), and Daniel & Herbigs own chapters. These papers were the tangible product of a seminar hosted by the Naval Postgraduate School and funded by CIA's Office of Research and Development. See also Van Vleet (1985). Originally appeared as Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Military Deception (Monterey: US Naval Postgraduate School, 1980, 249pp, multilithed). LOC: NPS. The main findings were then published as Katherine L. Herbig [and] Donald C. Daniel, Battle of Wits: Synthesizing and Extrapolating from NPS Research on Strategic Deception. Monterey: Naval Postgraduate School, Jan 1981, 65pp. LOC: NPS. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 5-Star/Deception/Military/ CLASSES: 602/
iiiii Deception in Military Affairs: Propositions for Historical Analysis, in Agrell & Huldt (1983), 150-169. LOC: BW3. Condenses, refines, simplifies and substantially improves their 1982a paper. About as good as it gets. Highly recommended. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: R&D/ 5-Star/Deception/Military/ Herbig & Daniel (1985) Herbig (2002) CLASSES: 600/
Daniel, Glyn (editor) (1914-1986) ii Towards a History of Archaeology: Being the papers read at the first Conference on the History of Archaeology in Aarhus, 29 August-2 September 1978. London: Thames and Hudson, 1981, 192pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. The 17 papers presented at the 1978 conference. Editor Daniel, a Welshman, was then a distinguished Professor of Archaeology at Cambridge. FIELDS: 2-Star/Archaeology/
i A Short History of Archaeology. London: Thames and Hudson, 1981, 232pp. A concise popular account. See also Fagan (1996) and Rieth (1970). FIELDS: 1-Star/Archaeology/
Daniels, Anthony (1949- ) ii Literary Victimhood, New Criterion (Sep 1999). On recent literary frauds in which minor authors gained sympathy, fame, and fortune by posing as victims Holocaust Jews, American Indians, and Australian Aborigines. The author is a widely traveled British physician. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/
Darnton, Robert (1939- ) ii The Heresies of Bibliography, The New York Review of Books, Vol.50, No.9 (29 May 2003), 43-45. A handy summary of the problems of reconstructing an authors original text from published versions by detecting and balancing congruities and incongruities. Dr. Darnton is a Professor of History at Princeton. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Datz, Stephen R. i The Wild Side. Loveland, Colorado: General Philatelic Corporation, 1990, 164pp. Trade paperback original. LOC: BW. Memoirs of the dark underside of the business and hobby of postage stamp collectingscams, frauds, forgeries, con games, robbery, murder, and even a ghost.
The author, an American philatelic writer, dealer, and appraiser reports mainly his first-hand experiences. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/Fraud/Stamps/
Davia, Howard R. (1947-dead by 2005) SEE UNDER: Silverstone & Davia (2005) Davidson, James West, & Mark Hamilton Lytle ii After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection. Fifth Edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2004, xxxi+487pp + CD-ROM. LOC: Colorado College (Colorado Springs). On American historians and their methods as seen from 17 case studies. The first edition had been published in 1981 by Knopf. See also Winks (1969). Both authors are American historians with Yale PhDs. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 2-Star/Historiography/
Davies, Mire Messenger i Fake, Fact, and Fantasy: Childrens Interpretations of Television Reality. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997, 244pp. In-depth interviews with a small number of school children in 1993 in Philadelphia reveal how they reacted to TV, including their ability to distinguish between illusion and reality. Weak research with unconvincing conclusions Dr. Davies was a minor British cognitive scientist. FIELDS: 1-Star/ Children/Perception/
Davis, Deborah, and William T. ODonohue iii The Road to Perdition: Extreme Influence Tactics in the Interrogation Room, in ODonohue & Levensky (2004), 898-998. LOC: BW (draft). On the ease by which false confession can be obtained by standard police interrogation procedures. Both authors were in the psychology department at the University of Nevada (Reno) at the time of publication. Dr. Davis had been at U Nevada since 1978. Dr. ODonohue holds a 1986 PhD in psych from SUNY. FIELDS: 3-Star/Interrogation/
Davis, Jack iii Strategic Warning: If Surprise is Inevitable, What Role for Analysis?, Sherman Kent Center for Intelligence Analysis Occasional Papers, Vol.2, No.1 (Jan 2003), 16pp. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Suggests some practical bits of fine tuning of analysts to anticipate major consequences of surprise after the fact, which Davis assumes is inevitable. One keen point (p.4): Simple applications of denial and deception activities and small innovations in modes of attack by adversarial forces can increase the likelihood of incident surprise. For Daviss can Id substitute will.
But David gives no theory. My point has always been (well, since 1969) and hundreds of case studies support this that of course surprise is inevitable in every enterprise but never to that total (or near total) degree that the Wohlstetter Paradigm implies. Incongruity Analysis can be expected, even in the presence of enemy deception, to reduce the degree of strategic surprise to well below the 50% level. Jack Davis has been associated with the CIA since 1956, as an employee until 1990 when he became an independent contractor. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/INTEL-analysis/
Davis, John W. iii Spy Quiz: An Uncommon Security Awareness Program, Military Intelligence, Vol.10, No.3 (Apr-Jun 1984), 42-43. LOC: BW (copy). Recommends using a humorous newspaper-type or newsletter quiz to raise counterintelligence awareness in all personnel. Sample questions are included. An imaginative and useful teaching aid that I could see being easily adapted to classroom use. Capt. Davis, a history BA, had been in US Army Military Intelligence since 1980. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/CI/ 3-Star/Humor/Counterintel/ CLASSES: 600/
iii Deception Magic!, Military Review, Vol.82, No.5 (Sep-Oct 2002), 92-94. LOB: BW (copy). On military deception, Sun Tzu, and conjuring. Major Davis was then a retired USAR MI officer. FIELDS: 3-Star/Magic/Military/
Davis, R. C. ii Physiological responses as a means of evaluating information, in Biderman & Zimmer (1961), 142-168. An American psychologists survey of the early literature on the polygraph as a lie detector. Concludes it is unreliable. See also Ellson (1952), Lykken (1981), Kelly (2004), and Ruscio (2005). FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Dawes, Robyn M. (1936- ) ii House of Cards: Psychology and Psychotherapy Built on Myth. New York: The Free Press, 1994, 338pp. A substantial critique of psychiatric diagnoses by an American psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon U. See also Hamstra (1994), Ziskin (1995), and Hagen (1997). FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/
________, D[avid] Faust, & P. E. Meehl ii Clinical versus Actuarial Judgment, Science, Vol.243 (1989),1668-1674. Reprinted in Gilovich & others (2002), 716-729. LOC: BW (copy). On the inherent weakness of clinical conclusions as against those derived from a systematically collected data base. Highly rated by Gawande (2002), 43. See also Meehl (1954 & 1971). FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/ ________ iiiEveryday Irrationality: How Pseudo-Scientists, Lunatics, and the Rest of Us Systematically Fail to Think Rationally. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2001, xvi+224pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. A useful analysis of irrational thinking. FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/
Dawkins, Richard (1941- ) iii Unweaving the Rainbow. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998, xiv+337pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. A collection of 12 articles by the famous Oxford evolutionary biologist. A few of these include discussions of recent research relevant to human perceptions of deception. I always find Dawkins easy to read and worth thinking about. Born in Kenya, Dr. Dawkins (1966 Oxford DPhil in Zoology) has taught at Oxford since 1970. FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/
ii A Devils Chaplain: Reflections on Hope, Lies, Science, and Love. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003, vi+263pp. LOC: Monterey PL. 32 collected articles and book reviews by Professor Dawkins. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Lying/
Krebs & Dawkins (1984)
Day, Dwayne A., John M. Logsdon (1937- ), and Brian Latell (editors) iii Eye in the Sky: The Story of the Corona Spy Satellites. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998, xiii+303pp. LOC: Monterey PL. A collection of 11 articles cover the history of the Corona project, the 1960-72 satellite overflights that generated nearly a million reconnaissance photos. At the time of publication Day was researcher with the Space Policy Institute at George Washington U, Logsdon directed the Space Policy Institute, and Latell was the CIAs Director of the Center for the Study of Intelligence. REV: Jeffrey Richelson in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.11, No.4 (Winter 1998-1999), 479-484. Favorable. FIELDS: 3-Star/IMINT/
Deacon, Richard [pen name] SEE: McCormick, Donald Dearth, Douglas H. iiii Failure in Intelligence, Decision-Making and War, in Dearth & Goodden (1995), 173211. A fine introductory survey of the literature. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 4-Star/INTEL-analysis/Decision/ 600/
________, [and] R. Thomas Goodden (editors) iii Strategic Intelligence: Theory and Application. Second Edition, Carlisle Barracks & Washington, DC: United States Army War College & Defense Intelligence Agency, 1995, xvi+452pp. Foreword by Michael I. Handel. LOC: BW3; NPS. A textbook and reader. Based mainly on reprinted articles. Includes articles particularly relevant to this Bibliography by Betts (1978), Dearth (1994), Handel (1989), Herbig & Daniel (1985), Jones (1988), and Mathams (1988). The 1st edition had been published in 1991. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/
Deaver, Jeffery (1950- ) i The Vanished Man. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003, 399pp. PB reprint. Detective novel in which paraplegic criminalist Lincoln Rhyme solves bizarre serial murders perpetrated by a crazed magician. Ill let this book stand for Deavers five prior Rhyme tales. This one supplements the authors usual sound forensics better than some professional textbooks with much surprisingly sound conjuring theory. Skim the over-writing, predictably formulaic style, irrelevant sub-plots, dragged-out and often silly story and track the neatly contrived magical episodes to discover what I believe is the most perceptive fiction about conjuring by a non-magician. Aside from some small slips on jargon (like omitting black art) he utterly misses the key rule of magic, namely to never unnecessarily complicate matters all that amateurish strategy achieves is to a) obscure the effect (plot) and b) focus the audiences suspicions. Where have all the editors gone? Deaver is a best-selling American mystery writer. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/Magic/
De Bono, Edward (1933- ) The Use of Lateral Thinking. London: Jonathan Cape, 1967, 154pp. i U.S. edition as New Think: The Use of Lateral Thinking in the Generation of New Ideas. New York: Basic Books, Inc, 1968, 155pp. LOC: BW. Many reprints including PB. Although a convenient exposition and highly influential, the only new things about this book are the terms lateral thinking and vertical thinking, which Dr. De Bono, a Maltese whod gone to Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship to study medicine and psychology, coined in 1966 (although by 1992 he mis-remembered the year as 1967"). He used that first term and this book to launch a new career of 35 best-selling self-help books on the subject.
See also Sloane (1994); De Bono, Serious Creativity (New York: HarperBusiness, 1992); and Adams (2001). FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/Logic/
Deception Research Program, Office of Research and Development, CIA i Misperception Literature Survey. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development, CIA, Mar 1979, iv+105pp. LOC: BW; Air U; National Defense U. Inconsequential cut-and-paste job in an attempt to build on the work of Jervis (1969 & 1976) and superceded by Heuer (1981 & 1982) and Pfaltzgraff & Sawicki (2002). Bibliography on pp.100-105. FIELDS: 1-Star/Perception/Bibliography/
Glossary of Camouflage, Concealment, Deception and Security Terminology. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development, CIA, Feb 1981, 140pp. LOC: BW; Air U; National Defense U. A misconceived and misguided reference book. Its initial draft was by Weigley (1978). An unsystematic and uncritical patchwork of existing sources, ranging from spy fiction to scraps from my own draft glossary, which I had been building on standard lexicographic principles. Bibliography on pp.137-140. See also Griego (1978). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 0-Star/Camouflage/Dictionary/
Weigley (1978) Whaley (1979) Maxim (1981)
Decremps, Henri (1746-1826) iiii Le Testament de Jrme Sharp. Paris: 1785, 328pp. LOC: Busby Collection. NOTE: Several later editions exist. Also in German tr as Neuer Beytrag zur natrlichen Magie (Berlin: 1788, 159pp). LOC: U of London. The slow evolution of all counterdeception proto-theory began in 1785 with conjurors. That was a vintage year in France when Henri Decremps published his Testament de Jrme Sharp. It was his third of four important books on magic, all published between 1784 and 1788. Decremps was a lawyer by trade and a student of physics, music, and conjuring. This was the earliest book on the theory of conjuring deceptions, a quantum leap ahead of the extensive earlier literature going back to 1584 with the publication of the books by Prvost in France and Scot in England. These latter only explained how the individual tricks worked. Decremps was the first to propose and explain general principles of conjuring deceptions. Significantly, each can be applied to all other types of deception and provide clues for their detection. Decremps' "Immortal" Principles: In his landmark book, Decremps wrote out the first general rules of magical performance, ones that became accepted by later magicians as the "Immortal Principles" of their craft. The first three directly address the problem of detection: 1) Never announce beforehand the trick you are about to do. 2) Whenever possible have several ways of doing the same trick.
3) Never do the same trick twice before the same audience. REF: For further biographical and bibliographical data on Decremps see Camille Gaultier, Magic without Apparatus (Berkeley Heights, NJ: Fleming Book Company, 1945), 20-34. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Magic/Counterdeception/
De Grave, Kathleen (1950- ) ii Swindler, Spy, Rebel: The Confidence Woman in Nineteenth-Century America. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1995, x+270pp. LOC: Cornell; CalStateU-Stanislaus. This important study of an obscure topic was Dr. De Graves doctoral dissertation in English from the University of Missouri at Madison. FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/
De Groot, Adriaan D. [Adrianus Dingeman de Groot] (1914- ) iii Thought and Choice in Chess. The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1965, 463. LOC: Yale; Oxford. An early landmark study of decision-making and now a classic of cognitive psychology. Includes convincing evidence that intuition in chess results from a rational process. Based on the Dutch chess-playing authors earlier doctoral dissertation in psychology from the University of Amsterdam, Het Denken van den Schaker (Amsterdam: 1946). Inspired economist Herbert Simons fine work on decision-making in chess. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 3-Star/Games/Intuition/
________, & Fernand Gobet (1962- ) with Riekent W. Jongman iiii Perception and Memory in Chess: Studies in the Heuristics of the Professional Eye. Assen, Holland: Van Gorcum, 1996, xix+315pp. LOC: Yale; U of Colorado. A brilliant development of the ideas of De Groot and Herbert Simon. Dr. Gobet, a student of Simon, is a cognitive psychologist and methodologist specializing on chess players memories and computer simulations of their thought processes. He is also an International Master and member of the Swiss chess team. The senior co-authors differ in that De Groot prefers analysis of retrospective (introspective) interviews to computer simulations. But even Gobet remains true to cognitive psychology in stopping short of buying the full Artificial Intelligence (AI) line. See also Turing (1950), Simon (1986), Langley & Simon (1987), Boden (1990), Abernathy & Hamm (1995), and Perkins (2000). FIELDS: 4-Star/Games/Perception/
DeHaan, John D. (1948- ) i Kirks Fire Investigation. 5th Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002, xviii+638pp. LOC: Congress; Cabrillo College. Just another textbook rich in detail but giving no history and little theory. Based on the work of Paul L. Kirk (1902-1970) whose first edition had appeared in 1969.
Dr. DeHaan (1995 PhD from the University of Strathclyde, Scotland) is a widely recognized American authority on the forensics of fire. With 32 years experience as a criminalist he is now (2005) a private consultant in the USA, Canada, and overseas. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 1-Star/Arson/ Kirk (1953)
De Hory, Elmyr (1906?-1976) SEE UNDER: Irving (1969) Delmer, Sefton (1904-1979) ii Black Boomerang: An Autobiography. London: Secker & Warburg, 1962, 320pp. This, the second volume of the authors autobiography, covers his very personal recollections of his WW II service 1941-45 as head of the black propaganda division of Britains Political Warfare Executive (PWE). Denis Tom Sefton Delmer was the Berlin-born son of an Australian teacher of English. He became a prominent and controversial British journalist for the Daily Express 1928-1941 and then 1945 to 1959 when, amidst rumors that he was a Soviet spy, he was sacked by Lord Beaverbrook. FIELDS: 2-Star/PSYOPS/Britain/
iii The Counterfeit Spy. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1971, 256pp. LOC: BW. Reprinted, London: Hutchinson of London, 1973, 256pp. LOC: BW. Biography of GARBO, one of the top double agents for the British Double-Cross Committee in WW II. This was one of the earliest public accounts of British WW II deception planning and operations. The author had good access to intelligence sources. His main source for this book was the personal recollections of Col. Nol Wild and the then secret documents provided by him, including a copy of Roger Fleetwood Heskeths official top secret history of FORTITUDE. The fact that Wilds disclosures were unauthorized led to the official suppression of Delmers British first edition. See also Pujol & West (1999) and Seaman (2000). REV: Studies in Intelligence, Spring 1973. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 185-186. REV: Constantinides (1983), 160-161, notes helpfully that the few errors can be avoided by first reading Masterman (1975). REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 22, comments that This book contains some confusing and factual errors. FIELDS: 3-Star/HUMIT/Biography/
Delval, Pierre (ca.1961- ) ii Faux et fraudes: La criminalit internationale de faux documents. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1998, 168pp. LOC: Congress. On counterfeit money and faked ID papers and the available countermeasures. Delval is a recognized French expert on those topics. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/Fraud/
de Mille, Richard (editor) (1922- ) ii The Don Juan Papers: Further Castaneda Controversies. Santa Barbara: Ross-Erikson Publishers, 1980, 526pp. A model expos of a scholarly hoaxer, Carlos Castaneda (1925-1998) and his anthropological and autobiographical fabrications. FIELDS: 2-Star/Hoax/Biography/
DeNevi, Don (1937- ), and John H. Campbell i Into the Minds of Madmen: How the FBIs Behavioral Science Unit Revolutionized Crime Investigation. Amhearst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2004, 438pp. LOC: Santa Cruz PL. The best history of FBI profiling but weak on substance. The sub-title is an exaggeration. And main title is flatly wrong its minds of madmen phrase taken from Ecclesiastes having referred to folly not insanity; and, besides, its implication that lawbreakers are crazy is a tired myth. See also Ressler (1992) and Douglas & Olshaker (1995). DiNevi is a freelance writer and Dr. Campbell is a retired FBI special agent and had been chief of its Behavioral Science Unit 1989-92. REV: See the devastating review by social psychologist Carol Tavris in Times Literary Supplement (20 Aug 2004), 27. FIELDS: 1-Star/Profiling/
Denning, Dorothy E. (1945- ) ii Information Warfare and Security. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1999, xvii+522pp. LOC: BW. A comprehensive overview. This book was published while Dr. Denning (PhD in computer science from Purdue), a widely cited specialist on computer security and cryptology, was Professor of Computer Science at Georgetown U. Later she joined the new Strategic Analysis Department at the Naval Postgraduate School. REV: Louis Kruh in Crypologia, Vol.23, No.4 (Oct 1999). Denning provides the background needed to make informed judgments about potential threats or the defenses against them. FIELDS: 2-Star/PSYOPS/Communications/Internet/
Dennis, George T. (translator) i Three Byzantine Military Treatises. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1985, xv+380pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fullerton; Oxford. Gives the Greek text and parallel English translation of three Byzantine books on the art of war. 1) The Anonymous Byzantine Treatise on Strategy, evidently the work of a retired army engineer around the mid-sixth century. 2) Skirmishing, a late 10th century text by a veteran of border warfare. 3) Campaign Organization and Tactics, a late 10th century work about a campaign in Bulgaria. These works include some material on ambushes, surprise attacks, etc.
Dennis, a Jesuit priest, is Emeritus Professor of History at The Catholic University of America. REV: Sheldon (2003), 151. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Byzantium/Military/
Maurice (600 AD)
Department of the Army, Army Concept Team in Vietnam Detection and Denial of Underground Positions: Final Report. APO San Francisco: US Army Concept Team in Vietnam, 18 Jan 1969, about 100pp. LOC: US Army Military History Institute; not seen. Reportedly on the detection of tunnels and buried bunkers. Evaluates methods & materials and recommends specific improvements. See also Cindrich & others (1994). FIELDS: ?-Star/Camouflage/Sensors/
DePaulo, Bella M. iii The Many Faces of Lies, in Arthur G. Miller (editor), The Social Psychology of Good and Evil (New York: Guilford, 2004), 303-326. LOC: California Baptist U. An important survey that explores who lies to whom, about what, when, and why. Dr. DePaulo (Harvard psychology PhD) is an American experimental social psychologist who had been studying lying since 1980. FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/
Der Derain, James i Anti-Diplomacy, Intelligence Theory and Surveillance Practice, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.8, No.3 (Jul 1993), 29-51. LOC: NPS. The author is a Postmodern political theorist. So Im not surprised to find his occasional provocative thought or clever verbal image about strategic military intelligence quickly vanish into the usual morass of Postmodern jargon and thought. Dr. Der Derain (Rhodes Scholar and Oxford DPhil in IR) teaches at the University of Massachusetts at Amhearst. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/Surveillance/
Derrick, Michele R. (1955- ), Dusan Stulik, James M. Landry Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 1999, x+235pp. LOC: Getty; Oxford; not seen. On the application of the IR spectroscope to art objects. FIELDS: ?-Star/Science/Sensors/
Dershowitz, Alan M. (1938- ) ii Reasonable Doubts. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996, 238pp. Builds a guide for lay persons to understanding the present American criminal jurisprudence system by taking the O. J. Simpson trial as a case study. Most relevant here are his Chapter II (Is the Criminal Trial a Search for Truth?, pp.34-48), and Chapter III (Why Do So Many Police Lie about Searches and Seizures? pp.49-68). See also Pizzi (1998). Dershowitz, a Yale Law School graduate, had become at age 28 Harvards youngest-ever full professor. Noted for his controversial liberal and pro-Israel positions. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/Criminology/
i Why Terrorism Works Understanding the Threat, Responding to the Challenge. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002, 271pp. Dershowitz , like nearly all American lawyers and media pundits, makes the unquestioned and naive assumption that torture is an effective means of interrogation. However they generally conclude that, because it is somehow immoral, it must be outlawed. Prof. Dershowitz breaks from the pack only in justifying torture in ticking clock situations as long as certain legal safeguards (such as warrants and sunset time limits on legislation) are put in place. For torture see also Peters (1985) and Aussaresses (2001). REV: A detailed, incisive, and thoroughly negative critique is Markus Wagner, Some Remarks on Alan M. Dershowitzs Why Terrorism Works, German Law Journal, Vol.4, No.5 (1 May 2003). But even Wagner also overlooks the overriding question of whether or not torture works. FIELDS: 1-Star/Interrogation/Terrorism/
Deshere, Edward F. ii Hypnosis in Interrogation, Studies in Intelligence (Winter 1960). LOC: http//parascope.com/ds/articles/hypnosisDoc.htm. CIA study recently declassified from FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY. In this, the first published work on the subject, the author takes a very pessimistic view of the potential value of hypnosis for interrogation. His conclusions have held up for the past four decades as, to give examples, Sarbin (1988). FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Despres, John, Lilita Dzirkals, and Barton Whaley iiii Timely Lessons of History: The Manchurian Model for Soviet Strategy. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation, July 1976, 84pp. (RAND Report R-1825-NA for the Director of Net Assessment [Andrew Marshall]). LOC: BW; Congress; UC-Berkeley; Army War College; Naval War College; www.rand.org. A pioneer analysis of the Soviet surprise-through-deception invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, the first study of this campaign to view it from both sides of the hill. See particularly Chapter II (Strategic Design for Surprise Offensive), 13-24, which was Whaleys main contribution to this paper. A model case study.
At the time of writing Despres was a project director at RAND, Dzirkals was a researcher, and I was a consultant. I dont believe our RAND book has yet been superceded, only elaborated. However, the reader may wish to consult Glantz (2003) & Hallman (1995). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/Training/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Deception/Surprise/Russia/Japan/ 600/601/
Dessales, Jean-Louis iii "Language and Hominid Politics," in Knight & others (2000), 62-80. Extends the notion of evolutionary reciprocity between individual creatures to the formation of group coalitions among both chimpanzees and humans. This gives us for the first time a plausible genetic theory of politics, specifically of political power and hence of Machiavellianism in its most basic form. FIELDS: 3-Star/Zoology/Evolution/
Dessoir, Max (1867-1947) "Zur Psychologie der Zauberkunst," in Edmund Rells [pseudonym of Dessoir], Psychologische Skizzen (1893, 191pp). Reprinted by Dessoir as "Zur Psychologie der Taschenspieler-kunst," in his Vom Jenseits der Seele (1917; 5th edition, 1931). ii English translation as "The Psychology of Legerdemain," The Open Court, Vol.7, No.291 (Chicago: 23 Mar 1893), 3599-3602, 3608-11, 3616-19, 3633-34. Reprinted in H. J. Burlingame, Around the World with a Magician (1896 edition), 137-165, and again in Burlingame's Herrmann the Magician (1897), 7-41. An Italian translation is in Prestigiatore Moderno (Oct 1893). First serious analysis of the psychological basis of all conjuring illusions. It became a major source for Binet (1894). The Berlin-born Dessoir (PhD & MD) was then Lecturer in Philosophy at Berlin University (since 1892) and later Professor of Psychiatry & Psychology there 1897-1935. He was a skeptical student of the occult and an amateur magician who performed card and other tricks for charity as "Edmund W. Rells". FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/Psychology/
Deutsch, Albert (1905-1961) ii The Trouble with Cops. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1955, 243pp. LOC: U of South Florida. A realistic overview of American police work immediately after WW II. Includes two worthwhile chapters on Chief August Vollmer and critical ones on interrogation and polygraphing. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/Police/
Dewar, Michael (1941- ) iii The Art of Deception in Warfare. Newton Abbot, England: David & Charles, 1989, 224pp. LOC: Air U; Marine Corps U; Mid-Continent PL (Blue Springs, MO). Excellent introductory survey that intelligently balances the history, practice, and theories of deception and counterdeception.
Dewar, a British Army colonel at the time of publication, is a military historian. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Deception/Counterdeception/
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Fourth EditionText Revision, Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 2000, 943pp. The American Psychiatric Association (APA)s official catalog of mental symptoms. Aside from whatever claims can be made for psychiatry as a science, the way its Bible was compiled (by committee vote) is a model of pretentious pseudo-science. The 1st edition appeared in 1952 in 129 spiral-bound pages, II in 1968, and III-R in 1987. DSM-IV in 1994 with 886 pages was written by a 27-person committee (task force) of the 35,000-member APA. The 943-page Text Revision DSM-IV-TR appeared in 2000 with minor additions and modifications provided by the 80 members of various work groups. REV: Damning critiques are Ziskin (1995), Walker (1996), Hagen (1997), and Kutchins & Kirk (1997). Compare Hamstra (1994). FIELDS: Dictys of Crete (before 250 AD) SEE: Frazer (1966) Dieffenbacher, Alfred i Counterfeit Gold Coins: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Montreal, Canada: Dieffenbacher Coin Ltd., 1963, unpaged 3-hole binder with about 700pp. LOC: Oxford. Covers France 1856-1914, Germany 1873-1914, Great Britain 1889-1926, Switzerland 1897-1935, and the USA 1849-1927. See also Taxay (1963). FIELDS: 1-Star/Coins/ 0-Star/Psychotherapy/Dictionary/
Diffie, Whitfield (1944- ) iii The First Ten Years of Public Key Cryptology, in Gustavus J. Simmons (editor), Contemporary Cryptology: The Science of Information Integrity (Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1992), 135-175. LOC: NPS. On the co-invention of Public Key Cryptology in 1975-76. His colleague and coinventors American electrical engineers Ralph Merkle (born 1952) and Martin Hellman (b.1945). Dr. Whitfield Whit Diffie (honorary doctorate from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) had taken a 1975 BS in math from MIT. An advocate of private secrecy in communications, his subsequent career has been with private American companies. FIELDS: 3-Star/Cryptology/
di Grassi, Giacomo (16th century) SEE: Grassi, Giacomo di
Dillingham II, Christopher Robert iii Would Pinoccios Eyes Have Revealed His Lies?: A Study of Eye Movements as Indicators of Deception. [Orlando]: University of Central Florida, 1998, viii+26 leaves. LOC: BW (copy); U of Central Florida. This was the authors M.A. thesis in Interpersonal Communication at Central Florida Us School of Communication. It was designed to test the Bandler-Grinder Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) eye movement model of lie detection. The research used 28 students as subjects instructed to tell truths or lies to 2 investigators, one asking questions, the other recording the subjects eye movements. Differences in eye movement between both the lie and truth conditions were at levels of chance. Conclusion: No support was found for the NLP hypothesis. Dillingham, now an adjunct professor at Central Florida University, was a longtime Florida detective before retiring to go freelance. FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/
Dillon, Richard (1924- ) iWells, Fargo Detective: The Biography of John B. Hume. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1969, 320pp. Reprinted 1986. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. Hume (1827-1904), a lawman, had been chief detective (Chief Special Officer) for Wells Fargo from 1973 until his death. His considerable success was due to intelligence and persistence. Dillon is a popular historian of the American Old West. FIELDS: 1-Star/Police/Biography/
Di Maio, Vincent J. (1941- ) i Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques. 2nd edition, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1998, xix+402pp. The 1st edition of this standard textbook appeared in 1985. Dr. Di Maio was a Texas county Chief M.E. FIELDS: 1-Star/Ballistics/
________, Dominick Di Maio i Forensic Pathology. Second Edition, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001, 565pp. LOC: Linfield College (Portland). A revision of the first edition published in 1989. See also Knight (1991) and Dolinak (2005). The senior author is the Chief M.E. for Bexar county, Texas, and the junior author, his father, was Chief M.E. of New York City. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
Dobinson, Colin (1960- ) iii Fields of Deception: Britains bombing decoys of World War II. London: Methuen, 2000, xix+316pp. LOC: Congress; Marine Corps U; Los Angeles PL; UC-Berkeley; Stanford. On WW II camouflage throughout Britain. Includes data proving that the decoys were effective in diverting 869 German bomber attacks that dropped 2220 tons of bombs. See also Mendelsohn (2000d). Dr. Dobinson is a prominent British military archaeologist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Camouflage/Britain/
Doerries, Reinhard R. (ca.1937- ) ii Hitlers Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence: Allied Interrogations of Walter Schellenberg. London: Frank Cass, 2003, xvii+382pp. LOC: NPS. Includes an important Appendix XVIII: Irrefuhrung (Deception) on pp.289-291, as practiced in somewhat desultory fashion by the Nazis. Prof. Dr. Doerries, a German sociologist and a leading German expert on political-military intelligence, taught at the University at Nrnberg. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Germany/Biography/
Dolinak, David, Evan W. Matshes, Emma O. Lew (editors) iii Forensic Pathology: Principles and Practice. Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier Academic Press, 2005, xxii+690pp. LOC: Auraria L (Denver). Lavishly illustrated textbook. 31 chapters by 10 authorities. See also Knight (1991) and Di Maio & Di Maio (2001). All three authors are MDs from universities in, respectively, Dallas, Calgary, and Miami. Dolinal & Lew were medical examiners. REV: A.A. in Anil Aggarwals Internet Journal of Forensic Toxicology, Vol.6, No.1 (JanJun 2005). Gives AAs highest marks, 10 stars out of ten. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/R&D/ 3-Star/Forensics/ CLASSES: 603/
Dolnick, Edward (1952- ) ii Stealing Beauty, New York Times, 24 Aug 2004, OpEd page. LOC: BW (copy). Good overview of recent art theft. Dolnick, an American, is a science writer formerly with the Boston Globe who became fascinated by art thieves and art detectives in 1990 with the spectacular $300 million theft from Bostons Gardner Museum. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Theft/
iiii The Rescue Artist: A True Story of Art, Thieves, and the Hunt for a Missing Masterpiece. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2005, xi+270pp. LOC: Santa Cruz PL. Inspired by the theft in 1994 of Edvard Munchs The Scream, Dolnick entered and immersed himself in the world of art theft and recovery through Charley Hill, EnglishAmerican Scotland Yard detective. See also Adams (1974), McLeave (1981), Watson (1983 & 1997), and Spiel (2000). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Art/Theft/
Donath, Adolph ii Wie die Kunstflscher arbeiten [How art fakers work]. Prague: Verlag Dr. Eduard Grgr a syn, 1937, 172pp. LOC: Frick; U of Missouri. On the forgery of antique paintings, sculptures, and other arts and crafts. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Donnelly, Barbara R. Deception, Bibliography, Vol.31, No.3 (Newport, RI: Naval War College Library, Nov 2002), 12pp. LOC: BW (copy); Internet (www.nwc.navy.mil/library). An unannotated, sloppily compiled, bare listing of books & articles on military deception in the Naval War College Library collection. Recommended only for the bibliographic completist. FIELDS: 0-Star/Deception/Bibliography/
Dornstein, Ken ii Accidentally, On Purpose: The Making of a Personal Injury Underworld in America. New York: St. Martins Press, 1996, 452pp. LOC: Monterey PL. A comprehensive account of this branch of insurance fraud. The author had been a private investigator in Los Angeles where he specialized on investigating faked accidents. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/Accidents/
Dorpat, Theo.[dore] L. (1925- ) iii Gaslighting, the Double Whammy, Interrogation, and Other Methods of Covert Control in Psychotherapy and Analysis. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, Inc., 1996, xxiii+278pp. LOC: San Diego State U; U of Toronto. Dr. Ted Dorpat (1952 MD from the U of Washington) practiced psychiatry in Seattle and offered expert testimony in forensic psychiatry and suicidology. FIELDS: 3-Star/Interrogation/Psychotherapy/
Dorson, Richard M. (editor) (1916- ) ii Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1972, x+561. A collection of 27 original essays by 18 specialists. Like most folklorists, their essays focus on detecting the facts beneath the fables. FIELDS: 2-Star/Folklore/
Dossena, Alceo (1878-1937) SEE UNDER: Sox (1987) Douglas, John [Edward] (1945- ), and Mark Olshaker (1951- ) ii Mindhunter: Inside the FBI's Elite Serial Crime Unit. New York: Scribner, 1995, 384pp. Memoirs of an FBI profiler who until his retirement in 1995 was evidently the best of a very mixed lot. Douglass several later books with Olshaker, a non-fiction writer, give rapidly diminishing returns, except the following: FIELDS: 2-Star/Profiling/
ii The Anatomy of Motive: The FBIs Legendary Manhunter Explores the Key to Understanding and Catching Violent Criminals. New York: Scribner, 1999, 320pp. See also Ressler (1992) and DeNevi (2003). Compare Athens (1997). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Profiling/
Ressler, Burgess, & Douglas (1988)
Douglas, Mary (1921- ) i The Social Control of Cognition: Some Factors in Joke Perception, Man: The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol.3, No.3 (1968), 361-376. A turgid cross-cultural study of humor by a controversial British social & symbolic anthropologist then teaching at University College, London. Dr. Douglas took her PhD at Oxford in 1951 under Evans-Pritchard. A negative criticism of Dr. Douglass piece is Legman (1975), 791-792. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/Cultures/
Douglass, Joseph D., Jr. i "Soviet Disinformation," Strategic Review, Vol.9, No.1 (Winter 1981), pp.16-26. LOC: BW (copy). Dr. Douglass (Cornell PhD in Electrical Engineering) was a senior American military technology intelligence analyst formerly with ARPA. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Russia/
ii Soviet Strategic Deception, Defense Science, Vol.3, No.4 (Aug 1984), 87-99. LOC: BW3. Warns against the tendency throughout the U.S. Government to overlook or downplay the extent and dangerousness of Soviet strategic deception operations, sometimes even denying their existence.
Dr. Douglass was now President and Director of the National Security Division of JAYCOR, Alexandria, Virginia. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Russia/
Dovey, H. O. ii The False Going Map At Alam Halfa, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.4, No.1 (Jan 1989), 165-168. LOC: BW (copy). Shows that this famous August 1942 ruse had probably been developed by the I staff at Eighth Army HQ and not, as one might have assumed by A Force. As this plan had originated within his own GSI staff may explain why Gen. De Guingand felt free to discuss it in his post-war memoirs. Dovey, now a retired British civil servant, had served in Field Security in the Middle East 1941-44 and Italy 1944-45. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
ii Maunsell and Mure, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.8, No.1 (Jan 1993), 102-107. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
iii The Eighth Assignment, 1941-1942, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.11, No.4 (Oct 1996), 672-695. LOC: NPS. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Britain/Biography/
iii The Eighth Assignment, 1943-1945, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.12, No.2 (Apr 1997), 69-90. LOC: NPS. These last two pieces are based on Brigadier Dudley Clarkes recently declassified manuscript official history, A Force Narrative War Diary. By consulting the originals, Mr. Dovey enlarges on their previous data mining by Howard (1990). SEE: Clarke (1941-45). FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Britain/Biography/
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan (1859-1930) i Memories and Adventures. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1924, ix+410pp. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento. Autobiography of the Irish author. Doyle studied medicine at Edinburgh U from Oct 1876 to Aug 1881 when he took his Bachelor of Medicine and a Master of Surgery degrees in 1881. Thus, although Doyle had an M.B. and a C.M. he never made M.D., so his title of Dr. was strictly a polite form of address . He was knighted in 1902. Doyle was not only a writer of the great fictional detective Sherlock Holmes but a surprisingly successful crime detective on his own. See also Jones (1904), Gunn (1935), Carr (1949), Baring-Gould (1967), Liebow (1982), Costello (1991), Stashower (1999), Hines (2001), and Klinger (2005). FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
iiii A Study in Scarlet. First published in the Nov 1887 issue of Beetons Christmas Annual. First book publication came next year from Ward, Lock in London and the first American edition was published in 1890 by Lippincott. Sherlock Holmes burst full-blown upon the world in this 43,000-word novel. That his extraordinary abductive technique of detection could appear virtually complete in this first of 60 Sherlockian novels and short stories is a tribute to the great medical detective who both taught and inspired him, Doyles teacher, Dr. Joe Bell. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: DSM SEE: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A&P/ 4-Star/Fiction/Logic/ CLASSES: 600/603/
Dubos, Ren (1901-1982) ii Louis Pasteur: Free Lance of Science. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1976, xxxix+420pp.
Reprint of the 1950 edition, which was the first biography of Pasteur (1822-1895) to go beyond blind sycophancy. Of special relevance to detection is Duboss Chapter XIII on creativity in science, Mechanisms of Discovery (pp.359-384). FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Biography/
Dundes, Alan (1934-2005) i Cracking Jokes: Studies of Sick Humor Cycles & Stereotypes. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 1987, x+198pp. LOC: Berkeley PL. An American folklorists scholarly, thought-provoking, and delightful book. But too little theory to have much relevance here. Dr. Dundes (1962 Indiana PhD in Folklore) taught folklore at the University of California (Berkeley) from 1963. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 1-Star/Humor/Folklore/ Wolfenstein (1954/1978)
Dunnigan, James F., and Albert A. Nofi ii Victory and Deceit: Dirty Tricks at War. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1995, ix+384pp. LOC: NPS. A popular but disappointingly mediocre effort. Includes a useful but undocumented survey (pp.26-131) of some of the less familiar early historical examples of military deception. Dunnigan has been a leading American inventor of hobbyist (commercial) war games since 1967 when as an undergraduate at Columbia he published Jutland. His maverick connection with Defense Department gaming began in 1980 with a $40,000 contract from Director of Net Assessment Andrew Marshall. See Allen (1987), 93-113, 149. Co-author Nofi is a writer on war. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Gaming/
Dunning, John (1942- ) ii The Sign of the Book: A Cliff Janeway Novel. New York: Scribner, 2005, 353pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. A detective novel in which antiquarian bookshop owner Cliff Janeway confronts an extraordinary manuscript memoir. Is it a forgery? This is the third of the authors distinguished Janeway Bookman novels, the first having appeared in 1995. Dunning, a retired newspaper investigative reporter, operated the Old Algonquin Bookstore in Denver 1984-1994. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/Documents/
Dupuy, T[revor] N. (1916-1996) iii Predicting the Element Of Surprise in Combat, Army, Vol.27 (May 1977), 44-51. LOC: BW. Introduces to a wider audience his HERO think-tank companys five-year-old theory of combat titled Quantified Judgment Method of Analysis of Historical Combat, QJM for short. Col. Dupuy, West Point class of 1938, had commanded artillery units in Burma in WW II and went on to following in his fathers steps as a distinguished American military historian and researcher. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Surprise/
iii Numbers, Predictions and War: Using History to Evaluate Combat Factors and Predict the Outcome of Armed Conflict. Revised Edition, Fairfax, Virginia: HERO Books, 1985, xix+256pp. LOC: BW. A pioneering systematic Operations Research-type effort. Col. Dupuy advocated the extreme view (with which I largely agree) that history is the only laboratory for studying the factors that cause combat success and failure. The first edition had appeared in 1977. See also his Understanding War: History and a Theory of Combat (New York: Paragon, 1987). I single out Dupuys work here because he is the only one of the influential military OR types who have incorporated Surprise as a category for analysis. Others whose data bases or models Id like to see similarly run against the surprise variable are: 1) Biddle (2004). 2) Martin van Crefeld, Fighting Power: German and U.S. Army Performance, 1939-1945. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982, xi+198pp. 3) Ellis (1990). 4) Lanchester (1914). 5) Thomas E. Nutter, Mythos Revisited: American Historians and German Fighting Power in WWII. Military History Online.com 2004. A vigorous defense of Crefeld, Dupuy, and Ellis against their critics. 6) Lewis F. Richardson, Statistics of Deadly Quarrels. Pittsburgh, Pa.: The Boxwood Press, 1960, xlvi+373pp. 7) David Wilkinson, Deadly Quarrels: Lewis F. Richardson and the Statistical Study of War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, viii+206pp.
8) Quincy Wright, 2nd Edition, A Study of War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965, xiii+1637pp. First published in 1942. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/603/ 3-Star/Military/
Duranti, Luciana iiii Diplomatics: New Uses for An Old Science. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1998, x+186pp. Foreword by Terry Eastwood. LOC: U of Oregon. This is the first book in English on general diplomatics, namely the application of this specific analytical method to all kinds of documents rather than to special categories. It collects Prof. Durantis six seminal but controversial articles on archival theory that she had published in Archivaria from No.28 (Summer 1989) to No.33 (Winter 1991-92). Specifically, she advocates diplomatics, a technique and term coined by its inventor, Mabillon (1681) to mean the critical analysis and authentication of documents. See also Mabillon (1681); Gracy (2002), 260-261; and Hiatt (2004). Prof. Duranti (1973 Doctor of Art) is an Italian expert on archival theory who has professed the subject since 1987 at the University of British Columbia. FIELDS: 4-Star/Documents/
Drrenmatt, Friedrich (1921-1990) Besuch der alten Dame: Eine tragische Komodie. Zurich: Arche, 1956, 102pp. iii English translation by Patrick Bowles as The Visit: A tragi-comedy. New York: Grove Press, 1962, 109pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. A stage play in which a rich old lady returns in disguise to her native village to exact a long-overdue vengeance on her former lover and the villagers who had betrayed her. She destroys their smug illusions with the naked truth. A tragi-comedy of deception. The author was a Swiss playwright since 1947. His turn in 1952 to dark comedy to express the human condition with The Marriage of Mr. Mississippi brought greatly deserved international recognition. A sound but stodgy biography of this fascinating writer is M. B. Peppard, Friedrich Drrenmatt (New York: Twayne, 1969, 156pp). My old friend Michael Handel introduced me to the works of Drrenmatt around 1970 soon after we first met at MIT and Harvard. These two plays made me realize that even modern fictional case studies of deception had much to teach us. Obvious? Not to me, for which it was an epiphany. After three decades of reading New Yorker-type self-indulgent pap, I was startled to discover a contemporary writer who had chosen to starkly limelight characters other than themselves. Moreover, he abhorred the then still fashionable symbolisms Freudian and otherwise which had seduced most critics. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/
Physiker. Zurich: Arche, 1962, 71pp. iiii English translation by James Kirkup as The Physicists. New York: Grove Press, 1964, 94pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Play in which three distinguished physicists in an insane asylum draw the attention of a police detective. Multi-layered deceptions. FIELDS: 4-Star/Fiction/Psychotherapy/
Durschmied, Erik (1930- ) i The Weather Factor: How Nature Has Changed History. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2000, xii+322pp. The author is an Austrian war correspondent and popular military historian. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL-analysis/
i The Hinges of Battle: How Chance and Incompetence have Changed the Face of History. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2002, x+438pp. LOC: Congress; Holomon AFB. A colorfully dramatized survey of 10 historical cases from Attila to Afghanistan of the sometimes decisive effect on the outcome of battle by either sheer bad luck or flagrant command incompetence. See also Tuchman (1984) and Cohen (1990) and compare Bevin (1993 & 2002). FIELDS: 1-Star/Military/
Dutton, Denis (editor) i The Forgers Art: Forgery and the Philosophy of Art. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983, x+276pp. LOC: San Diego PL; British L; U of Hong Kong. A collection of twelve essays5 reprints, 7 originalsby as many academic writers. Sox rightly calls it tiresome; I would add mostly trivial, particularly the petty squabbling by several of the authors over the subjective question, are fakes art. See also Radnti (1999). FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/
Duveen, Joseph (1869-1939) SEE UNDER: Simpson (1986) Secrest (2005) Dvornik, Francis (1893-1995) iii Origins of Intelligence Services: The Ancient Near East, Persia, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, The Arab Muslim Empires, The Mongol Empire, China, Muscovy. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1974, xvi+334pp. LOC: BW3; NPS; Oxford; Books on Demand. A remarkably comprehensive work, particularly strong, as I can attest, on the Mongol Empire. This scholarly project had been originated after WW II by former OSS director General William J. Donovan in his private capacity. See also Sheldon (2003). The Moravia-born Dr. Dvornik (1926 D.Litt. from the Sorbonne), a Roman Catholic priest since 1916, was a distinguished professor of the history and philosophies of ancient & medieval cultures. In the USA since 1949 as Professor at, successively, Harvard and the Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine History. REV: Lauded by Pforzheimer (1985) & Sheldon (2003), 15-16. FIELDS: 3-Star/China/Greece/Rome/Byzantium/Arabia/ Mongols/Rome/Russia/
Dwyer, Jim, Peter Neufeld, Barry Scheck ii Actual Innocence: Five Days to Execution and Other Dispatches from the Wrongly Convicted. New York: Doubleday, 2000, xvii+298pp. Dwyer is a two-time Pulitzer Prize journalist and Neufeld and Scheck are the co-founders of the Innocence Project at Cardozo Law School. See also Borchard (1932). FIELDS: 2-Star/Law/
Dwyer, John B. ii Seaborne Deception: The History of U. S. Navy Beach Jumpers. New York: Praeger, 1992, xxii+151pp. LOC: NPS; Naval War College; Marine Corps Research Center. Dwyer, a Vietnam Army vet, is a professional naval and military historian. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Military/
Dyson, Freeman (1923- ) i Disturbing the Universe. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1979, x+283pp. Essays by an English mathematician-turned-physicist who moved in 1947 to the USA where he received the prestigious Fermi Award in 1995. REV: Ian Bellany in Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.3, No.2 (Sep 1980), 236. Rates Dyson up there with P.M.S. Blackett as a scientist who knows defense strategy and policy unlike Einstein and Fermi who only blathered about the latter. FIELDS: 1-Star/Science/
Dziak, John J. (1938- ) iii Soviet Deception: The Organizational and Operational Tradition, in Dailey & Parker (1987),3-20. An important historical survey. Dr. Dziak (1971 PhD from Georgetown in modern Russian history) had been with the DIA 1965-87, and then with the Office of the SecDef until he retired from government service in 1996 to work as a freelance consultant. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/Deception/Russia/
ii Chekisty: A History of the KGB. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1988, xx+234. Foreword by Robert Conquest. LOC: BW (author autographed to Bart); Pentagon; National Defense U. A definitive survey, limited only by inability to use some still classified US & Soviet evidence. REV: Stephen J. Cimballa in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.2, No,2 (Summer 1987), 299-301. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/INTEL/Russia/ Pforzheimer (1985) Rocca & Dziak (1985)
-EEagle, Morris ii "Psychoanalysis and Self-Deception," in Lockard & Paulhus (1988), 78-98. A balanced view (advantages and disadvantages) of self-deceit. Author is a PhD psychoanalyst at York University in Toronto, Canada. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/Self-deception/
Eare, Rev. R[obert] B[risco] (1846-1928) Album Weeds: or, How to Detect Forged Stamps. London: Stanley Gibbons, 1882, 560pp. LOC: Congress; Getty. 2nd edition, London: Stanley Gibbons, 1892, 726pp. ii 3rd edition, London: Stanley Gibbons, 1905, 2 vols., 587+709pp. LOC: Congress; Oxford. Reprinted 1962. LOC: U of Florida; Salinas PL. Richly detailed descriptions comparing country-by-country the genuine postage stamps with their counterfeits. A monument of late Victorian and Edwardian scholarship. This is the most comprehensive of at least 8 titles on the subject. The Rev. Eare had been an Anglican priest since 1871. For the worlds first catalog of forged stamps see Moens (1862). See also Fletcher (1977). FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/
Earley, Pete, and Gerald Shur (1933- ) i WITSEC: Inside the Federal Witness Protection Program. New York: Bantam Books, 2002, 359pp. LOC: San Diego PL. How the U.S. government hides people on the run from hunter-criminals. An account of the U.S. Federal Witness Protection Program, which had been founded in the late 1960s by, among others, Mr. Shur, who at that time had been with the Justice Department since 1961. He retired as head of WITSEC in 1995. See also the many references cited in the section on skip tracing in Whaley, The Maverick Detective (forthcoming). Co-author Earley is an Edgar-award true crime and espionage writer. FIELDS: 1-Star/Tracking/
Earman, John iii Bayes or Bust?: A Critical Examination of Bayesian Confirmation Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1992, xiv+272pp. LOC: CalStateU-San Marcos. A balanced critique by a Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh. Although Earman calls himself a Bayesian, he sees its limitations. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 3-Star/Statistics/Bayes/ 603/
Eastman, Max (1883-1969) i The Sense of Humor. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1921, xii+257. LOC: San Diego PL. See comments on his next book. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
ii Enjoyment of Laughter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936, xviii+367pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley; Palm Beach Atlantic College; Oxford. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1937, 401pp. An important study with a major, although I believe wrong-headed, theory of joking. The otherwise intelligent author was a journalist, philosopher, and psychologist. At least his interpretation of humor wasnt Freudian. This work expands on Eastmans unhumorous The Sense of Humor (1921). See also Leacock (1935), Eysenck (1947), Ziv (1984), Raskin (1998), Ruch (1998), and Provine (2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Ebert-Schifferer, Sybille (1955- ), & others iiii Deceptions and Illusions: Five Centuries of Trompe lOeil Painting (Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 2002, 404pp. LOC: Stanford; Berkeley PL. Catalog of an exhibition held at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, 13 Oct 2002 - 2 Mar 2003. Lavishly illustrated with 5 illuminating essays on this most illusionary of art forms. Prof. Dr. Ebert-Schifferrer has been Director of the Dresden State Art Collections (11 museums) since 1998. FIELDS: 4-Star/Painting/
Eco, Umberto (1932- ) i The Comic and the Rule. (1980). Translated in the authors Travels in Hyperreality: Essays (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986), 269-278. An essay on comedy and tragedy. Eco, Professor of Semiotics at the University of Bologna, is the worlds most famous semiotician, particularly since 1980 with publication of his best-selling novel, The Romance of the Rose. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
________, and Thomas A. Sebeok (1920- ) (editors) iiii The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983, xi+236pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW; Broward Community College. A collection of 10 essays on the philosophy and theory of detection. Although quite clever and informative, few of these pieces are either as amusing or profound as their authors and editors presume. Relevant mainly for their stress on Charles Peirces notion of deduction/induction/abduction as a logical set and how that model best describes the
detectival cogitations of both Poes Dupin and Doyles Holmes. See also Flach & Kakas (2000). FIELDS: 4-Star/Logic/ ________ i Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984, ix+242pp. A formal textbook that includes much on C. S. Peirce and on lying. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Edelman, Gerald M. (1929- ) Wider than the Sky: The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, xiii+201pp. LOC: not seen. Elaborates on his theory of Neural Darwinism that hed first published in 1987. This key theory proposes that the brain works through pattern recognition, putting perceptions together in novel ways. Thus it differs from computers that work through logic trees. Although Edelman is now trying with modestly promising results to tease a computerized robot named NOMAD to explore its environment and learn pattern recognition, he doubts that Artificial Intelligence can ever achieve human consciousness. In this Edelman rejects the Selfish Gene theory of Dawkins (2003). Dr. Edelman (1954 U Penn MD & 1960 Rockefeller Institute PhD) won the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. REV: Oliver Sachs in The New York Review of Books, 15 Jan & 8 Apr 2004. FIELDS: ?-Star/Computers/Perception/
Edelman, Murray J[acob] (1919-2002) ii The Politics of Misinformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xi+139pp. LOC: Congress; Cornell; CalStateU-Monterey Bay. Of peripheral relevance. See also D. Johnson (2004). Dr. Murray (1948 U of Illinois PhD in poly sci) is an emeritus Professor from the U of Wisconsin. FIELDS: 2-Star/Communications/
Edgeworth, Richard Lovell (1744-1817), and Maria Edgeworth (1767-1849) i Essay on Irish Bulls. London: J. Johnson, 1802, 316pp. A pioneering cross-cultural study of the bull as a form of humor in Ireland and elsewhere. An early best-seller, it went through five editions by 1823. REV: Smith (1803) is a delightful and relevant critique. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/Cultural/
Editors of the Army Times iii The Tangled Web: True Stories of Deception in Modern Warfare. Washington, DC: R. B. Luce, 1963, xvii+199pp. LOC: BW; National Defense U; Air U; Marine Corps U. A surprising good early selection of case studies. It was a revelation to me when I first read it in 1968. Unfortunately the writers derived no general principles. Similarly see Malleson (1885). REV: Constantinides (1983), 64-65. Basically a plus mark. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Military/
Editors of Time-Life Books i Hoaxes and Deceptions. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1991, 151pp. LOC: BW. Because I was one of the four credited Consultants I can confidently recommend this neatly illustrated but content-superficial coffee-table volume to the bored-but-nervous patients in the waiting rooms of physicians of body & mind. FIELDS: 1-Star/ Hoax/
Edwards Jr., Richard W. (1935- ) SEE UNDER: Horse Capture (1992). Edwards, Samuel [pseudonym of Noel Bertram Gerson] (1914-1988) iii The Vidocq Dossier: The Story of the World's First Detective. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977, 191pp. LOC: BW; NYU. Still the most accurate biography in English of the much-mythologized Eugne-Franois Vidocq (1775-1857), founder of both the first public and first private detective agencies. Not even remotely superceded by Morton (2004). FIELDS: 3-Star/Police/PI/Biography/
Edwards, Ward (1927- ) iii Dynamic Decision Theory and Probabilistic Information Processing," Human Factors, Vol.4 (1962), 59-73. The pioneering application of Bayesian statistical inference to decision making through Edwards PIP (Probabilistic Information Processing) system. Edwards is the American theoretical and applied research psychologist and statistician who in 1962 introduced Bayesian analysis to psychology through his founding of the thence annual Bayesian Research Conference. Indeed, he is credited as the founder in 1953 of Behavioral Decision Theory, which describes how we actually decide rather than how we should make decisions. See also Earman (1992), Schum (1999), and Fenton & Neil (2000). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Logic/Statistics/ CLASSES: 603/
ii Nonconservative Probabilistic Information Processing Systems. Decision Sciences Laboratory, Hanscom Field, Massachusetts, Dec 1966, viii+85pp. LOC: BW. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Statistics/
Shanteau, Mellers, Schum (1999)
Egen, Capt. Frederick W. i Plainclothesman: A Handbook of Vice and Gambling Investigation. New York: Greenberg, 1952, 230pp. Edited by Paul B. Weston. Practical tips but no theory. The author was a retired senior NYPD police officer. FIELDS: 1-Star/Police/
Ehrlich, J[acob] W. (1900-1971) ii The Lost Art of Cross-Examination or Perjury Anyone? New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, 1970, 192pp. Foreword by Percy Foreman. LOC: Yale. How to detect lying witnesses through cross-examination. The distilled wisdom of celebrity San Francisco trial lawyer Jake Ehrlich. See also Wellman (1903, 1936) , Iannuzzi (1998), and Olaoba (2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/Interrogation/Law/
Eichmann, Adolf (1906-1962) SEE UNDER: Arendt (1963) Ekman, Paul (1934- ) iiiii Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Market Place, Politics and Marriage. New York: W. W. Norton, 1985, 320pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW; Monterey PL. Still the most comprehensive survey and analysis of verbal deception and its detection, although it deserves an updated edition that summarizes more recent research by the author and others. A superb piece of research that was at once pioneering yet comprehensive. Moreover, it is one of those very rare books by a psychologist that has held up in all its many major conclusions and hunches for 20 years, as proved by the recent fine survey by Vrij (2000) among others. A highly readable practical and theoretical account based mainly on the author's then 15-year-long study of lying and its detection by various verbal and non-verbal telltales. Covers lies by politicians, actors, criminals, spies, psychiatric patients, and wayward spouses. Dr. Ekman, known as the lie detective, is a professor of psychology at the University of California at San Francisco and has been a consultant on this subject to various intelligence agencies and police departments. See also Vrij (2000). REV: Dexter Jay Thorndyke in Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1986), 131-140. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/CI/Training/ 5-Star/Lying/HUMINT/ CLASSES: 601/
ii "Self-Deception and Detection of Misinformation." In Lockard & Paulhus (1988), 229-250. FIELDS: 2-Star/Self-deception/
iii Why Kids Lie: How Parents Can Encourage Truthfulness. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1989, viii206pp. See also Hartshorne & May (1928). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Lying/Children/
________, and Mark G. Frank iii Lies that Fail, in Lewis & Saarni (1993), 184-200. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Lying/
________, and Wallace V. Friesen i Unmasking the Face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975, xii+212. LOC: San Diego PL. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
________, and Erika L. Rosenberg (editors) ii What the Face Reveals: Basic and Applied Studies of Spontaneous Expression Using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, xvi+495pp. Twenty-two psychological studies by 40 researchers of facial expressions and how they can indicate some aspects of emotion, deception, and mental or physical maladies. Ekman and Wallace Friesen first published their now standard FACS system in 1978. See also Gladwell (2002b). FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/ Etcoff, Ekman, Magee, & Frank (2000) Frank & Ekman (1993) Frank & Ekman (2004)
Elaad, Eitan iii A Comparative Study of Polygraph Tests and Other Forensic Methods, in Canter & Alison (1999), 221-321. Includes concise descriptions and critiques of both the Control Question Technique (CQT) and the Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT). Elaad says the CQT should more accurately be called the comparison question technique (PP.211-214) and the GKT the concealed knowledge test (pp.211, 214-217). Concludes from his experiment that detectives shouldnt rely on any finding of guilt based on an individual experts subjective judgment, as with the CQT or, perhaps, even the GKT. See also Ben-Shakhar & Elaad (2003).
Dr. Elaad (1988 PhD, Hebrew University of Jerusalem) is a Professor of Behavioral Sciences at the College of Judea & Samaria in Israel and also with the National Police since 1976. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/Lying/Experts/
Elbroch, Mark iii Mammal Tracks & Sign: A Guide to North American Species. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003, vii+778pp. LOC: Monterey PL. The most nearly comprehensive encyclopedia of this subject. The author is a professional American tracker and teacher & author on the subject. See also Brown (1999), McDougall (1997), and even Tannrath (1948). FIELDS: 3-Star/Tracking/Impressions/
Eliot, Lise ii Whats Going On in There? How the Brain and Mind Develop in the First Five Years of Life. New York: Bantam Books, 1999, viii+533pp. Its cute ballyhoo title hides an intelligently written, enthusiastic, but balanced, & welldocumented book in the old nature-vs.-nurture controversy. Dr. Eliot was then a young Harvard graduate and Columbia PhD neuroscientist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
Ellegrd, Alvar i Who Was Junius? Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell,1962, 159pp. LOC: Congress; Cal State (Fullerton). Gives the historical and literary background to the following analytical application. Points to Sir Philip Francis (1740-1818) as the author of the famous Junius papers. Prof Ellegrd is a Swedish historian and statistician at the University of Goteborg. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/Biography/
iii A Statistical Method for Determining Authorship: The Junius Letters, 1769-1772. Gteborg: University of Gteburg, 1962, 93pp. LOC: Congress; Sacramento State College. Spells out the statistical-linguistic (stylo-statistic) method developed by the Swedish linguist to establish authorship. This was the first such analysis (Mortons was second) to use word-pairs (now called proportional pairs). See also Mosteller & Wallace (1964/1984), Morton (1978), Whaley, Gardner, & Busby (1991), Foster (2000), and Vickers (2002). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Documents/Statistics/ CLASSES: 603/
Ellen, David ii The Scientific Examination of Documents: Methods and Techniques. Second Edition, London: Taylor & Francis, 1997, vii+180pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno; Oxford. A handy outline of methods & technologies. The 1st edition had been published in 1989. Ellens 40-years in forensic science in the UK & Australia included 14 years as Head of the Questioned Document Section of the Metropolitan Police Forensic Science Laboratory in London. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Eller, Joseph M. Estimate of Cost of False Targets as Air Defense Auxiliaries. Bethesda, MD: Operations Research Office, The Johns Hopkins University, May 1961, 11pp. CONFIDENTIAL (declassified in 1970). Published in 50 copies. LOC: BW3 (copy). An inexcusably shoddy product posing as operations research. Nearly useless because it lacks three-quarters of a complete OR study. All it gives is the specs and estimated costs of 17 types of simulated decoys, (ranging from tanks to trucks) plus the percentage of some types of decoy equipment to the real as used in certain 1960 US Army units. It fails to compare these costs with those of the real items. It fails to make any assessment of effectiveness. It fails to give any conclusions. Eller graduated in engineering from the University of Virginia. FIELDS: 0-Star/Decoys/
Elliott, Robert K., and John J. Willingham i Management Fraud: Detection and Deterrence. New York: Petrocelli Books, Inc., 1980, 300pp. A comprehensive but dull textbook by two prominent American CPAs. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fraud/
Ellis, Glenn (1919- ), with C. O. Miller and J. M. Ramsden i Air Crash Investigation of General Aviation Aircraft, with emphasis on the crash scene aspects of the investigation. Greybull, Wyoming: Capstan Publications, Inc., 1984, 239pp. Also in PB. A practical manual for general aviation (i.e., all aircraft other than military or airline) aircraft. Strong on bureaucratic procedures; weak on detection methods. The author was a life-long professional pilot who closed his career as an FAA agent and then private crash investigator. See also Joyce & Stover (1991), 26-30. FIELDS: 1-Star/Investigation/
Ellis, John (1945- ) iiii Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War. New York: Viking, 1990, xxii+643pp. LOC: BW3; NPS. The best new thump in the drum-beat of revisionist history of World War Two. Ellis argues that victory went to the big battalions but only because their commanders were
prepared to pay the cost in flesh and kit. I agree with his controversial finding. Of course it did; but only in situations where the ruthlessly realistic attrition equations of Lanchester (1914) applya source (along with Dupuy) that Ellis inexplicably fails to cite. Ellis was a British military historian. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Military/
Ellson, Douglas G. (project director) ii A Report of Research on Detection of Deception. Bloomington, Ind.: Department of Psychology, Indiana University, 1952, 162pp. Office of Naval Research contract No. N6onr18011. LOC: BW (copy); UC-Berkeley; U of San Diego. Collected reports of a series of studies on the effectiveness of the polygraph lie detector by psychologists at Indiana University. The main findings were also reported in Davis (1961). FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Elsen, Albert [Edward] (1927- ), and J. Kirk T. Varnedoe (1946- ) ii The Drawings of Rodin. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971, 191pp., 152 illus. With additional contributions by Victoria Thorson and Elisabeth Chase Geissbuhler; London: Elek, 1972, 191pp, 152 illus. Published in conjunction with the 1971-72 traveling exhibition of Rodin Drawings, True and False at the National Gallery in Washington, D.C., and the Guggenheim Museum in New York City. See particularly Varnedoes chapter, True and False (pp.157-185). Dr. Varnedoes doctoral dissertation at Stanford was on Rodins drawings. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Biography/
Emsley, John The Elements of Murder: A History of Poison. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, xiii+421pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. The bright promise of the academic publishers dust jacket blurbs, the mandatory scholarly apparatus, and the authors impeccable credentials as a former London University researcher & teacher of chemistry, now in luxurious semi-retirement as Writer in Residence at Cambridge Universitys Department of Chemistry, lead us into a shameless trap. The publishing house should contribute all profits to its favorite truth-inadvertising charity. Rather than further raise my bile in documenting my disgust at this bit of shoddy pop-science fluff, Ill recommend instead Trestrail (2000) for his scholarship and even Stevens (1990) for her popular exposition of poisons and let the following qualified medical reviewer speak for me. REV: Druin Burch in Times Literary Supplement (14 Oct 2005). A thoroughly dismissive review that concludes: The Elements of Murder is a bad miss. History, anecdotes and science could have been wonderfully combined with potted biography. Instead random facts are mixed up with speculation, gossip reported as truth and anecdote allowed to masquerade as thoughtfulness.
Numbers are used without context and technical terms from chemistry and medicine without point or meaning. Offhand generalizations and easy speculation are offered up in place of factual evidence. Emsley uses his sources without scepticism and often without apparent comprehension, such as post-mortem gossip on Charles II presented as proof of death by mercury poisoning, or offhand repetition of parts per million concentrations of chemicals, none of them linked to meaningful health risks. He reports other people's fanciful theories with the same credulity that he displays in repeating pointless figures and needless jargon. Neither style nor narrative binds the book together. FIELDS: 0-Star/Toxicology/
iii Epoptica: A Review of Current Magic Literature and Apparatus. Oakland, California: #1 (May 1982) #12 (Sep 1989). Irregular. Edited by Jeff Busby as a house organ of Jeff Busby Magic, Inc. This was the worlds premier review of books and apparatus for intermediate and advanced conjurers. Refreshingly, editor Busby pulled no punches in a field where magicians tend to be uncritical of each other in their public comments. The title derives from the Greek epoptic meaning pertaining to an epopt, one to whom all secrets of a mystery have been revealed. Circulation: 800 in 1983. Succeeded by the shorter form Thaumaturgist (Oakland, California), #1 (Dec 1987) #35 (Dec 1997). Irregular. Editor-publisher: Jeff Busby. House organ as successor to Short Sheet. Reviews of books and apparatus plus personal news and comments. Circulation: 9,000 for Jun/Aug 1991 issue. FIELDS: 3-Star/Magic/Periodicals/
Epstein, Edward Jay (1935- ) i Deception: The Invisible War Between the KGB and the CIA. New York: Simon and Schuster; W. H. Allen, 1989, 335pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Marine Corps U; FBI Academy. An influential, inflammatory, and essentially wrong book. Epstein accepts and passes along the once-popular but now thoroughly discredited popular monster theories of Soviet penetration of Allied intelligence services and that Glasnost was just another Soviet trick, theories that had been leaked to him by Angleton, Rocca, and Golitsyn. Dr. Epstein (Harvard PhD in Government) is an American freelance writer on conspiracies and intelligence. REV: Thomas Powers in New York Review of Books, 17 Aug 1989. REV: Herbert London in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.4, No.1 (Spring 1990), 140-142. REV: Crams (1993), 25-26, 59-60, labels Epsteins book as mere propaganda for Angleton and essentially dishonest. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Russia/
Erbschloe, Michael (1951- ) iii Trojans, Worms, and Spyware: A Computer Security Professionals Guide to Malicious Code. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005, xix+212pp. LOC: NPS. A handy text on how to defend against covert intrusion of computers. The author is a widely published consultant on computer security. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Computers/
Erdman, David V. (1911- ), and Ephim G. Fogel (1920-1992) (editors) ii Evidence for Authorship: Essays on Problems of Attribution, with an annotated bibliography of selected readings. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966, xiv+559pp. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Erdnase, S. W. [pen name of Milton Franklin Andrews] (1872-1905) iii Artifice Ruse and Subterfuge at the Card Table: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Manipulating Cards. [Chicago]: Published by the Author, 1902, 205pp. The most famous book on cheating at cards. A classic. Better known under its reprint title of The Expert at the Card Table. Written by an expert and extraordinarily inventive American card sharp and amateur magician. See also Evans (1865). For his controversial identity, career, and many reprints, ghost editions, and derivative works see Whaley, Gardner, Busby (1991). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Games/Magic/Biography/
Erds, Paul (1913-1996) SEE UNDER: Hoffman (1998) Schechter (1998) Erfurth, Waldemar (1879-1971) Die berraschung im Kriege [Surprise in War]. Berlin: E. S. Mitler, 1938, 147pp. LOC: Congress; Kings College (London). ii English translation as Surprise. Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service Publishing Company, 1943, 200pp. Translated by Dr. Stefan T. Possony and Daniel Vilfroy. LOC: NPS (1988 FMFRP 12-1 reprint); Air U; Marine Corps U; Kings College (London). The German classic study of military surprise attack. The German Armys continued interest in surprise and deception produced in 1938 what I believe may be a unique book, the first monographic study of surprise per se. It is an excellent exposition of the effects and importance of surprise and deception, illustrated by numerous historical case examples. Although the author doesnt give any new theoretical insights, he does provide a sound summary of the historical evidence. Moreover, its significant that Erfurth both rediscovered the long overlooked relevant passages in Clausewitz (whom he uses as his main inspiration and authority) and also shows his close reading of Liddell Hart. He argues (p.39) that: Surprise is a particularly efficient means of defeating the enemy and as old a method as war itself. The history of war shows that
through the centuries, almost all decisive victories have been preceded by successful surprises, despite tactical and strategical changes. And he largely succeeds in proving his conclusion (p.199) that surprise is the key to victory. While Erfurths text covers all the main points about surprise, it falls short of being a theory of surprise, again making me suspect there is no such thing. Major-General Waldemar Erfurth was the official historian (OQuV) of the Wehrmacht for the OKW, the German supreme command, For other efforts to develop theories of surprise, all largely misfires, see Wohlstetter (1962), Handel (1976, etc.), Casti (1994), and Wirtz (2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Deception/Germany/
Ericsson, K[arl] Anders (editor) (1947- ) ii The Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports, and Games. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1996, x+369pp. LOC: U of San Francisco. A collection of 15 articles by various specialists. FIELDS: 2-Star/Experts/
Eriksen, Ronald i How to Find Missing Persons: A Handbook for Investigators. 2nd edition. Port Townsend, WA: Loompanics Unlimited, 1994, 232pp. Full of details; empty of general insights. The 1st edition had appeared a decade earlier. Tannrath (1948) is a better text, Thomas (1988) is worse. FIELDS: 1-Star/Tracking/
Erskine, Ralph, and Michael Smith (editors) iii Action This Day. London: Bantam Press, 2001, xv+543pp. LOC: Oxford. The most reliable account (through 22 articles) of the role of the British cryptanalysts at Bletchley Park in breaking the Germans Enigma code during World War Two. Particularly strong on the technical details of decryption. REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.26, No.2 (Apr 2002). Enthusiastic. REV: M. R. D. Foot in Times Literary Supplement (17 May 2002). Ditto. REV: Jonathan D. Beard in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.18, No.1 (Spring 2003), 189-190. Favorable. FIELDS: 3-Star/Cryptology/Britain/
Erwin, Edward (1937- ) i A Final Accounting: Philosophical and Empirical Issues in Freudian Psychology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1996, xvi+322. A philosophers damning critique of Freudian psychoanalysis. See also Wilcocks (1994 & 2000). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychotherapy/
Erzinliolu, Zakaria (1951-2002) iii Maggots, Murder, and Men: Memories and Reflections of a Forensic Entomologist. Colchester, England: Harley Books, 2000, 256pp. LOC: British L. Reprinted in US: New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2000, 256pp. E-printed in USA in 2002. A readable and informative survey of forensic entomology. See also Goff (2000), Byrd & Castner (2001), and Greenberg & Kunich. Dr. Zak (1984 PhD in Zoology from U of Durham), a Briton of Turkish parentage, was the United Kingdoms top expert in this subject, working at Durham University. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Entomology/Biography/
iiii Every Contact Leaves a Trace. London: Carlton Books, 2001, 256pp. LOC: British L. A superb overview of general forensic scientific detection in the twentieth century. Among the very best along with Nickell (1999). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Forensics/
Escher, M. C. (1898-1972) SEE UNDER: Seckel (2003) Wolfe (2005) Esterow, Milton (1928- ) ii The Art Stealers. Revised edition, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1973, 255pp. LOC: BW. A popular history of famous art thefts and art thieves. The original edition was 1966. See also McLeave (1981) and Spiel (2000). Esterow is an American writer on art and culture. A former New York Times reporter, he has been editor & publisher of ArtNews since 1972 when he bought it from Newsweek. ArtNews had been founded in 1902 as Hydes Weekly Art News. With circulation of 220,000 (in 2002) Esterow has built this monthly magazine into the worlds largest art news periodical. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Theft/
i Confessions of an Art Cop, ArtNews, Vol. (May 1988), 134-137. LOC: BW (copy) About former NYPD Detective Robert Volpe. See also Adams (1977). FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/Theft/
ii Fakes, Frauds, and Fake Fakers, ArtNews, Vol.104, No.6 (Jun 2005). LOC: BW (abridged copy); Internet (abridged). A reasonably complete recent survey. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Fraud/
Estler, Capt. Elizabeth D. ii Tactical Deception In Todays Army, Military Intelligence, Vol.9 , No.4 (Oct-Dec 1983), 2427. LOC: BW (copy). A strong advocacy. Capt. Estler had been an MI officer since 1978. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Military/
Etcoff, Nancy L., Paul Ekman, John J. Magee, and Mark G. Frank ii Lie Detection and Language Comprehension: People Who Cant Understand Words are Better at Picking Up Lies about Emotions, Nature, Vol.405, No.6783 (11 May 2000), 139. AUTHORS ABSTRACT: People are usually no better than chance at detecting lies from a liar's demeanor, ... even when clues to deceit are evident from facial expression and tone of voice. ... We suspected that people who are unable to understand words (aphasics) may be better at spotting liars, so we tested their performance as lie detectors. We found that aphasics were significantly better at detecting lies about emotion than people with no language impairment, suggesting that loss of language skills may be associated with a superior ability to detect the truth. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Etzistorfer, Hannes (1959- ), Willibald Katzinger, Wolfgang Winkler Echt falsch: will die Welt betrogen sein? Vienna: Kremayr & Scheriau, 2003, 319pp. LOC: Frick; otherwise scarce; not seen. On art forgery. FIELDS: ?-Star/Art/
Eudel, Paul (1837-1911) Le Truquage: les contrefaons dvoiles. Paris: E. Dentu, 1884, 432pp. Reprinted 1887 and 1903. REF: Getty; Frick; U Michigan; Toronto. German translation by Bruno Bucher as Flscherkunste. Leipzig: F. W. Grunow,1909, x+215pp, newly edited with additions by Arthur Roessler. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Getty; Frick; not seen. Reprinted 1978. Early general survey of fakes and forgeries. The author, a prominent French writer, wrote this book primarily to obstruct the advance of counterfeiting. See also Nobili (1922). FIELDS: ?-Star/Art/
ii Trucs et Truqueurs: Altrations, Fraudes et Contrefaons, dvoiles. Paris: Librairie Molire, 1907, 580pp. LOC: Getty; Frick; Yale; Toronto; Warburg. Update of the above. A comprehensive overview from armor, through manuscripts, banknotes, and autographs, to the fine arts. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Fraud/
Evans, Arthur (1851-1941) ii The Forgery of Antiquities, Longmans Magazine, Vol.23, No.134 (London: Dec 1893), 142155. LOC: BW (copy). A brief but comprehensive survey. Takes the sophisticated position that The knowledge of their [forgeries] existence tends ... to encourage a more minute and scholarly investigation of every detail in genuine objects of antiquity, and assists in creating that judicial frame of mind which avoids too sudden conclusions. Ironically, Sir Arthur (knighted in 1911), a wealthy amateur archaeologist and son of archaeologist Sir John Evans, would become the discoverer (and virtual inventor) of Minoan civilization as a consequences of his excavations at Knossos in Crete that began in 1900. FIELDS: 2-Star/Antiques/Archaeology/
Evans, Colin (1948- ) i The Casebook of Forensic Detection: How Science Solved 100 of the Worlds Most Baffling Crimes. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996, 310pp. A handy survey of case studies clustered around the main scientific methods used. The lack of any source references greatly lowers its value. See also Miller (1995 & 1998) and Ragle (1995). Evans was an American free-lance crime writer. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
ii Murder Two: The Second Casebook of Forensic Detection. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2004, vii+312pp. LOC: Sacramento PL. A popular alphabetically arranged encyclopedia of the forensic sciences with particularly useful attention to sketches of the leading practitioners from John Allan through Edmond Locard to William Zaph. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/China/
Evans, Eric, & Nowlin Craver iii The Secret Art of Magic: Strategy for Magicians. USA: Magic to Laugh By, 2003, 284pp. LOC: BW. Reversing the usual approach, Evans & Craver have written the first study to relate the principles of war (specifically Chinese ones) to those of magic. Both authors are
professional magicians, Evans as a sleight-of-hand street worker and Craver as a stage illusionist. My thanks to Cmdr. (USNR) Doug Webster for bringing this remarkable book to my attention. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/603/ 3-Star/Magic/
Evans, Gerritt M. iii How Gamblers Win: or, the Advantage Player's Manual. New York: Gerritt M. Evans & Co., 1865, 84pp. LOC: BW (copy); U of Nevada-Las Vegas; Thomas M. Blue Collection; rare. Best of the early treatises on how to cheat at cards. It is the main precursor of Erdnase (1902) to which it is similar in its frank philosophy as a how-to book of card (as well as dice) cheating. Inferior to Erdnase in technical detail but superior in its tips on correct behavior under fire. My research suggests that Evans is the pen name of Edward M. Grandin, a prominent New York gambling supply retailer in the 1860s. Note that, beginning in 1868, all later editions by a different publisher emasculate the introductory material and add an end section written by some uninformed hack. See also Erdnase (1902), Villiod (1906), Garcia (1962), Ortiz (1984), Whaley, Gardner, Busby (1991). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Games/Biography/
Evans, Stephen ii Statistical aspects of the detection of fraud, in Lock & Wells (1993), 61-74. Specifies types of statistical discrepancies in research data that should raise suspicion of fakery on the part of reviewers of papers submitted to medical journals. Lightly revised since its publication in the 1st edition of Lock & Wells (1993), 61-74. Evans is Professor of Medical Statistics at the Royal London Hospital Medical College. FIELDS: 2-Star/Medicine/Fraud/Statistics/Incongruity/
Evron, Yair (editor) ii International Violence: Terrorism, Surprise and Control. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University, 1979, vii+315pp. LOC: Congress; British L; Oxford. A collection of 12 papers that had been presented in April 1975 at an international conference on the subject conceived & organized by Yair Evron and held at The Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. See particularly Ben-Zvi (1979), George (1979), and Handel (1979). Whaley spoke on The Causes of Surprise in War. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Terrorism/
Eysenck, H[ans] J[rgen] (1916-1997) iii The Appreciation of Humour: An Experimental and Theoretical Study, British Journal of Psychology, Vol.32 (1942), 295-309. LOC: BW (copy); U of South Florida.
Eysencks first and most important of three papers on humor appreciation. The best analysis of humor since Leacock (1916 and 1935) and the first significant experimental study to prove that incongruity is a major factor. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
ii Dimensions of Personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, 1947, xi+308pp. LOC: Marietta College. See particularly his section Sense of Humor, pp.205-234, which summarizes his three papers on humor published in 1942, 1943, and 1944. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
iiii Genius: The natural history of creativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, 344pp. LOC: BW; Florida International U. A major and original contribution in which the maverick British psychologist gives compelling evidence for his theory that creative persons tend to fall midway on the personality continuum between low and high psychoticism. In other words, Dr. Eysenck finds strong evidence for the old belief in the mad genius. Various tests for creativity and associated traits are discussed, some of which (like for psychoticism and intuitiveness) seem adaptable as measures of general detective ability. While controversial, it is vastly more compelling in evidence, argument, and theory than Wallas (1926), Osborn (1948, 1953), Koestler (1949 & 1964), Arieti (1950 & 1976), De Bono (1968), Boden (1990), Sloane (1994), or even Simonton (1999). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Creativity/Intuition/
ii Rebel with a Cause. Revised & Expanded Edition, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1997, x+337pp. LOC: U of Miami. Autobiography of the independently-minded German-born-and-raised British experimental and theoretical psychologist. Refreshing for his often politically incorrect research findings on psychiatry, psychoanalysis, hypnosis, projective tests, IQ, creativity, humor, criminality, smoking & cancer, graphology, astrology, and psychic ability. The original British edition appeared in 1990. See also Nyborg (1997). FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Creativity/Psychotherapy/Biography/ Goldstein & McGee (1972)
-FFagan, Brian M. (1936- ) ii Time Detectives: How Archeologists Use Technology to Recapture the Past. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994, 288pp. LOC: BW. A popular but scholarly survey that updates Cerams 1951 best-selling Gotter Graber und Gelehrte. See also Daniel (1981) and Rieth (1970). Dr. Fagan (1964 Cambridge PhD in archaeology & anthropology) had been born and raised in England, moving to the USA in 1966. Professor of Archaeology at UCSanta Barbara from 1967 until recently emerited. FIELDS: 2-Star/Archaeology/
Fagerberg, Ian, David C. Mowery and Richard R. Nelson (editors) ii The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, xviii+656pp. No handbook just a plain collection of relevant essays, 22 of them by 28 specialists. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Faith, Nicholas (1933- ) i Mayday. London: Channel 4 Books, 1998, ix+182pp. LOC: Nebraska City PL. On the investigation of maritime accidents. See also Gores (1971) and Bathurst (2005). The author is a popular British journalist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Accidents/Investigation/
ii Blaze. London: Channel 4 Books, 1999, 190pp; U.S. edition as Blaze: The Forensics of Fire. New York: St. Martins Press, 2000, 190pp. Written as a tie-in with a British TV documentary. See also Bouquard (1983), Cooke & Ide (1985), and Micheels (1991). FIELDS: 2-Star/Arson/Investigation/
ii Derail: Why Trains Crash. London: Channel 4, 2000, viii+198pp. LOC: Duke U. See also S. Hall (1990). FIELDS: 2-Star/Accidents/Investigation/
ii Black Box: The Further Investigations. London: Channel 4, 2001, 208pp. On air crash investigation. Based mainly on extensive interviewing. This is the 2nd edition, updated with an added chapter, of the authors Black Box: the aircraft detectives why air safety is no accident (1996). FIELDS: 2-Star/Accidents/Investigation/
ii Fakes and Forgeries. Minneapolis: The Minneapolis Institute of Art, 1973, 270 unnumbered pages, 310 illus. Introduction by Samuel Sachs II. Catalog of the 310 works, mostly borrowed, in the Institutes ambitious 1973 exhibition. A fine work but ironically flawed given its focus on correct attributions. In his long Acknowledgments and brief Introduction, the Institutes Acting Director treats the exhibition and its catalog as if it were the work of some anonymous medieval committee. An otherwise unidentified Susan Brown is listed in a jungle of credits as Editor, but editor of what isnt said. Some ten pages of opening text are signed by Kathryn C. Johnson, elsewhere identified only as a Research Assistant. If Sachs, as Acting Director, was responsible, he doesnt act like it. So I wonder if office politics caused some real author/editor to be vanished down a memory hole. Ive seen it happen including once to me. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Fallis, Greg, and Ruth Greenberg ii Be Your Own Detective. New York: M. Evans and Company, Inc., 1998, 235pp. LOC: Monterey PL. The basics and surprisingly good. An earlier edition was published in 1989. Fallis is a retired private eye and Greenberg a lawyer who often teamed with Fallis. FIELDS: 2-Star/Investigation/ Farid, Hany iii A picture tells a thousand lies, New Scientist, Vol.179, No.2411 (6 Sep 2003), 38-41. LOC: BW (copy). Ill let this one recent paper stand as an introduction to the many fine technical papers on techniques that detect forged digital photographs which have been produced since 1999 in Dartmouth Colleges Computer Science Department by Farid and his students and colleagues. While Farid is skeptical of all those supposedly tamper-proof watermarking techniques he concludes that tampering always disturbs the underlying wavelet statistics and can, more often than not, be detected. See also Flynn (1993). Dr Hany Farid (1997 PhD in Computer Science from U Penn) has been at Dartmouth since 1999. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/IMINT/
Farquhar, Michael i A Treasury of Deception: Liars, Misleaders, Hoodwinkers, and the Extraordinary True Stories of Historys Greatest Hoaxes, Fakes, and Frauds. New York: Penguin Books, 2005, xiii+287pp. LOC: BW3. A lightweight survey. With 70 case examples of this subject this book is ripe for data mining. Farquhar, an American writer-editor of popular non-fiction, works at The Washington Post. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/Hoax/Fraud/
Farrer, J[ames] A[nson] (1849-1925) i Literary Forgeries. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1907, 282pp. With an Introduction by Andrew Lang. Facsimile reprint 1969. LOC: Stanford. Early and influential history of literary forgeries. Otherwise obsolete. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
Farringdon, Jill M. ii Analysing for Authorship: A Guide to the Cusum Technique. Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press, 1996, xii+324pp. With contributions by Rev. A. Q. Morton, Dr. Michael G. Farringdon, and M. David Baker. LOC: U of Oregon. In her book Jillian Farringdon, a consultant on literary authorship, describes the Cumulative Sum (cusum or QSUM) Technique for authorship analysis and attribution. See also Morton (1987). FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Faulds, Henry (1843-1930) iii On the Skin-furrows of the Hand, Nature, Vol.22 (28 Oct 1880), 605. Reprinted in Wilton (1938), 14-17. This article introduced Dr. Faulds extraordinary discoveries about fingerprints to the scientific community and reported their first use (by himself) in proving guilt and innocence of crime suspects. See also Galton (1892), Henry (1900), Laufer (1913 & 1917), Wilton (1938), Beavan (2001), and Cole (2001). Faulds was a Scottish missionary surgeon in Tokyo, Japan, 1874-85. Around 1879 he became the first person to apply fingerprinting to crime investigation (by exonerating an arrested suspect) and the first person to raise latent prints. Also see his pamphlet, The Hidden Hand (Hanley: 1917). Surprisingly, his memoir, Nine Years in Nipon (London: Gardner, 1885), doesnt mention his work with fingerprints. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fingerprints/
ii Guide to Finger-Print Identification. Hanley: Wood, Mitchell & Co., Ltd., 1905, 78pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Oxford. An interesting early attempt to categorize fingerprints. Soon became obsolete. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/
Fay, Stephen (1938- ), Lewis Chester, Magnus Linklater ii Hoax: The Inside Story of the Howard Hughes-Clifford Irving Affair. New York: The Viking Press, 1972, 310pp. Well-researched case study of a celebrated literary forgery and its detection. Written by three British journalists from the (London) Sunday Times "Insight" team. See also Irving & Suskind (1972). FIELDS: 2-Star/Hoax/Documents/Biography/
Fearnside, W. Ward, and William B. Holther ii Fallacy: The Counterfeit of Argument. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: A Spectrum Book/PrenticeHall, Inc., 1959, 218pp. LOC: George Mason U; U of Florida; U of Leeds. A readable and comprehensive book on the tricks of rhetoric and how to recognize and counter them. See also Quintilian (ca.90AD), Capaldi (1987), Hayakawa (1990), and Hesk (2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/
Feder, Kenneth L. iii Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology. 4th edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill/Mayfield, 2002, xviii+355pp. LOC: BW (3rd edition); U of North Florida. 5th edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2006, xviii+366pp. LOC: forthcoming. A useful collection. The 1st edition appeared in 1990, the 3rd in 1998. Feder is a prominent American archaeologist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Archaeology/Fraud/
Fedler, Fred iii Media Hoaxes. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1989, xxv+266pp. LOC: Stanford; CalStateU-Fresno. A useful set of famous and less familiar case studies of journalistic practical jokes. Dr. Fedler (1971, PhD in Mass Communication, U of Minnesota) has since then taught journalism in the School of Communication at Central Florida University. FIELDS: 3-Star/Media/Hoax/
Fedorowich, Kent ii Axis Prisoners of War as Sources for British Military Intelligence, 1939-42, Intelligence and Ntional Security, Vol.14, No.2 (Summer 1999), 156-178. LOC: NPS. Useful account of POW interrogation in WW II. Fedorowich was then Senior Lecturer in British Imperial and Commonwealth History at the University of the West of England. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Feer, Fred[ric] S. ii "Incorporating Analysis of Foreign Governments' Deception in the US Analytical SystemII," in Roy Godson (editor), Intelligence Requirements for the 1980's: Analysis and Estimates (Washington, D.C.: National Strategy Information Center, Inc., 1980), 136-151. A provocative professional overview of considerable interest. Fred Feer, a former CIA and Army strategic intelligence analyst, was with the Analytical Assessments Corporation in 1980. He gave this paper at the Colloquium on Analysis and Estimates, Washington,
D.C., 30-Nov-1 Dec 1979. The discussants (pp.152-159) were Bill Harris of RAND and Ray Rocca late of Angletons shop at CIA. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/
iii Thinking-Red-in-Wargaming Workshop: Opportunities for Deception and Counterdeception in the Red Planning Process. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, May 1989, iii+12pp. Published as RAND paper P-7510. LOC: BW (copy); NPS; National Defense U; UC-Berkeley; Australian Defence Force Academy. Distills several principles of deception that have wider application than to the examples from Soviet doctrine given here. Based mainly on Feers analysis of the then recent RAND analysis of the Red-Blue war games at the US Armys National Training Center (NTC). A lightly edited version of an informal talk given in Jun 1988 to a military & intelligence simulation working group at the National Defense University while Fred was still at RAND. See also Reed (1988). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 3-Star/Deception/Counterdeception/Gaming/ 603/
Tactical Deception at the National Training Center. Santa Monica: RAND, 1989. Published as WD(L)-3739-2-A. LOC: RAND (restricted document for RAND internal use only); not seen. My impression from my early association with this project is that Freds paper probably deserves 4-Star rating. FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/
Technology and Military Deception: A Survey and Analysis. Santa Monica: RAND, 1991. Published as WD-5189-DARPA. LOC: RAND (restricted document for RAND internal use only); not seen. FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/
i Thinking About Deception. Unpublished 5-page paper, released on the Internet 5 Aug 2004. LOC: BW (copy) www.d-n-i.net/fcs/feer_thinking_about_deception.htm. A disappointingly brief survey. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/
Feinberg, Leonard (editor) (1914- ) ii Asian Laughter: An Anthology of Oriental Satire and Humor. New York: Weatherhill, 1971, xix+576pp. LOC: San Diego PL. On the humor of China, Japan, India, and Ceylon with the editors introductory essays on the distinguishing characteristics of each. Generally accepts the Incongruity Theory of humor. Feinberg claims the differences in humor across cultures are less than their similarities, far less than the specialists on each culture tend to profess. While I agree, he doesnt deploy the evidence in a way (such as systematic parallel or point-by-point comparisons) that could prove (or disprove) his point.
Feinberg was brought by his mother from Bolshevik Russia in 1923. A 1946 PhD from the University of Illinois, Feinberg was Professor of English at Iowa State U until retiring in 1981. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 2-Star/Humor/Cultures/
iii The Secret of Humor. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1978, 205pp. Just when I thought Professor Feinberg was about to join the Incongruity Theory claque he dodged out with the false logic that it fails to account for numerous instances of disharmony which do not cause laughter. The flaw here is that humor doesnt require laughter. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Feinstein, Alvan R., M.D. (1925- ) ii Clinical Epidemiology: The Architecture of Clinical Research. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1985, xii+812pp. LOC: Northern Arizona U. A standard text. Dr. Feinstein was Professor of Medicine & Epidemiology at Yale. FIELDS: 2-Star/Epidemiology/
Feldman, Marc D., M.D. (1958- ), Charles V. Ford, M.D. (1937- ), with Toni Reinhold ii Patient or Pretender: Inside the Strange World of Factitious Disorders. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994, xi+228pp. LOC: BW. On diagnosing medical and mental malingerers and Munchhausens. The two co-authors are American psychiatrists working in Birmingham, Alabama, assisted by a professional writer. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Psychology/Psychotherapy/
Ford (1996)
Felix, Christopher [pseudonym of James McCargar] (1920- ) ii A Short Course in the Secret War. New York: Dutton, 1963, 314pp. LOC: BW. Still one of the better books on intelligence and special operations, which the author covers in this books first half. Includes the logical and useful but usually overlooked distinction between defensive counterintelligence (CI) and aggressive counter-espionage (CE). The second half of this book gives the authors personal account of his work with the CIA in post-WW II Communist Hungary, 1946-47. See also Rositzke (1977/1988). McCargar was a former mid-level CIA field officer who narrowly avoided prosecution for publishing this unauthorized book. Contrary to a rumor of his death (that I copied in the First Edition of this Bibliography), he was still alive as of 2005 when awarded the American Hungarian Federations Col. Kovats Medal of Freedom.
REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 76, 140, 226. Rates this essential. REV: Constantinides (1983), 184-185. An outstanding book on intelligence tradecraft and practice. REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 25, recommends the first part. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Counterintel/Biography/
Felknor, Bruce L. (1921- ) i Dirty Politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1966, 295pp. LOC: San Diego PL. A popular history of illegal and unethical practices in American politics. Felknor was the former executive director of the Fair Campaign Practices Committee. FIELDS: 1-Star/Political/
Fenby, Jonathan i Piracy and the Public: Forgery, Theft and Exploitation. London: Frederick Muller Limited, 1983, 168pp. LOC: NPS. A journalists competent survey of commonly counterfeited commercial products and designer labels from Cartier jewelry and Rolex watches to Levis jeans. FIELDS: 1-Star/Theft/
Fennelly, Lawrence J. (editor) ii Effective Physical Security. Third Edition, Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth Heinemann, 2004, ix+303pp. Foreword by Louis A. Tyska. LOC: NPS. Lawrence Larry Fennelly, retired from the Harvard University Police Department, is an internationally recognized expert on crime prevention. FIELDS: 2-Star/Security/
Fenton, Norman (1956- ), and Martin Neil ii "The 'Jury Observation Fallacy' and the use of Bayesian Networks to Present Probabilistic Legal Arguments," Mathematics Today, Vol.36, No.6 (2000), 180-187. LOC: BW (copy). The authors are British mathematicians and statisticians. For basic Bayesian analysis see also Schweitzer (1976) and Edwards (1968). FIELDS: 2-Star/Statistics/
i "Making Decisions: Using Bayesian Nets and MCDA," Knowledge Based Systems (Version 7, 4 Apr 2000). LOC: BW (copy). FIELDS: 1-Star/Statistics/Bayes/
Feral, Rex [pen name] i Hit Man: A Technical Manual for Independent Contractors. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press, 1983, xi+130pp. LOC: FBI Academy; Internet. Infamous book that raised a firestorm of protest when it was alleged to be the book that, in 1993, James Perry followed after hed been hired to kill members of Lawrence Horns family for the inheritance. Perry, a self-styled spiritual adviser, bought Hit Man (and another Paladin book on silencers). Guided by his reading, Perry killed Horns ex-wife, his 8-year-old paraplegic son, and the sons nurse. Police solved the crime only because Perry kept phoning Horn to demand payment. Horn was sentenced to life imprisonment and Perry sentenced to death. Mrs. Horns family sued Paladin Enterprises in federal court. Paladin had sold 13,000 copies. In 1999 Paladin settled out of court, paying the family several (reportedly five) million dollars, making certain charitable donations, destroying the 700 remaining copies, and agreeing to cease further publication. Actually, this book is charming proof of the easy gullibility of general readers, soldier-of-fortune type hobbyists, and the American media. The trial brought out the fact that this book was merely a hack piece of fevered fiction commissioned by the publisher from a divorced Florida mother of two children and housewife who needed the modest royalties to pay her property taxes. She had never owned a gun and her sources for Hit Man were TV, friends, and her karate teacher. She had written an earlier how-to-do-thecrime book for Paladin, whose publisher thought she might also have written mystery fiction. Although it makes for a bit of a fun read, I recommend in its stead Lawrence Blocks openly fictional Hit Man (1998) hilarious stories about bumbling killer Keller. REFERENCES: Peter Huston, Murder Manual Produces Law Suit, Internet (1996); Beth A. Fagan, Rice v. Paladin Enterprises: Why Hit Man is Beyond the Pale, ChicagoKent Law Review, Vol.76, No.1 (2000), 603-635. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/
Ferner, R[obin] E. ii Forensic Pharmacology: Medicines, Mayhem, and Malpractice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, xiv+249pp. LOC: British L. A comprehensive overview. Author is an English physician at the University of Birmingham. FIELDS: 2-Star/Toxicology/
Festinger, Leon (1919-1989) ii A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1957, xi+291pp. LOC: NPS; U of Miami. Initial publication of the authors theory that when people hold incongruous beliefs and attitudes simultaneously they will develop psychological conflict. Festinger was a social psychologist at Stanford at the time he completed this landmark work. FIELDS: 2-Star/Perception/
Feynman, Richard P. (1918-1988) ii Los Alamos from Below, Engineering and Science, Vol.39 (Jan-Feb 1976), 11-30. Reprinted in Lawrence Badash & others (editors), Reminiscences of Los Alamos, 1943-1945 (Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel, 1980), 105-132. LOC: BW. A lecture given in 1975 at UC-Santa Barbara, which sponsored a series of oral-history memoirs from scientists who had served in the atomic bomb laboratories at Los Alamos. The remarkable Dr. Feynman (1942 Princeton PhD in physics) was an American Nobel Laureate in Physics (1965), scientific detective, notable practical joker, and allround maverick. Good biographies of the remarkable Dr. Feynman are Gleick (1992) and Sykes (1994). FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/
ii Surely Youre Joking, Mr. Feynman! Adventures of a Curious Character. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1985, 350pp. As told to Ralph Leighton. LOC: NPS. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Biography/
ii What Do You Care What Other People Think?: Further Adventures of a Curious Character. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1988, 255pp. As told to Ralph Leighton. The above article and both books comprise vignettes of an authentic genius at work and play. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Biography/
Fields, John A. Analysis of Ancient and Modern Chinese Paper. Belfast: J. A. Fields, 2000, x+250 leaves. LOC: British Library; scarce; not seen. Reportedly on the authentication of early Chinese documents. This was Dr. Fields doctoral dissertation at Queens University of Belfast. FIELDS: ?-Star/Documents/
Fife, Katheryn C. iii Making Friends and Enemies: North Korea's Stratagem for Economic Gain. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, 2003, xi+125pp. LOC: NPS; National Technical Information Service. A welcome addition to the surprisingly slim literature on the recent situation in North Korea. This is Capt. (USAFR) Fifes MA thesis in National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School. Her thesis advisors were Edward A. Olsen and H. Lyman Miller. Authors abstract: Chinese imperialism, Japanese occupation, and the sustained involvement of United States in the southern half of the peninsula, have created a strong sense of nationalism in North Korea that has shaped its ideological principle Juch or self-reliance. This policy has evolved to benefit the North Korean regime. First, it was a tool used to disengage from Chinese and Soviet influences. Then, it became a principle that the DPRK used to make friends and seek legitimacy. Later, the DPRK concentrated on its military capabilities, conventional and nuclear. The result was a
regime that was willing and able to sell weapons and technology to the highest bidder. In more recent years, Juch has further evolved, becoming a tool for economic terrorism. The 1994 nuclear crisis, the 1998 Taepodong firing, the suspected nuclear facility at Kumchangri, and the 2002 disclosure of WMDs are crises exploited by the DPRK for economic gain. The current situation, together with Pyongyang's record of proliferating WMD technology, poses a clear and present danger to U.S. national security. This thesis explores previous U.S policy attempts and failures, examines challenges faced by the current administration, and explores options for short term and long-term resolution of instability on the Korean peninsula. FIELDS: 3-Star/WMD/Korea/
Fijnaut, Cyrille (1946- ), Gary T. Marx (editors) iii Undercover: Police Surveillance in Comparative Perspective. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1995, x+337pp. LOC: Congress; NPS. Twelve articles by 20 specialists supply a valuable survey of plainclothes law enforcement as practiced throughout the world. Prof. Dr. Fijnaut is a noted Dutch criminologist. Dr. Marx (1966 UC-Berkeley PhD in Sociology) professed sociology at MIT from 1973 until emerited in 1994. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Police/
Marx (2004)
Finel, Bernard I., and Kristin M. Lord ii The Surprising Logic of Transparency, International Studies Quarterly, Vol.43, No.2 (Jun 1999), 315-339. LOC: BW (copy); NPS; Internet (JSTOR). Systematically analyzed data disclose a seemingly counter-intuitive finding: That transparent or open political systems (as are most democracies) make such enormous amounts of information publicly available that it only complicates and further frustrates intelligence analysts. It does so by overwhelming diplomatic signals with the noise of domestic politics and confusing opponents about which domestic voices are authoritative expressions of state policy. This is, of course, true; but, I would point out, only for intelligence services that fail to use any of the several data-filtering methods designed to prevent just such information overload. Dr. Finel (Georgetown PhD in Government) was a Professor at Georgetown. Dr. Lord, who also took her PhD in Government at Georgetown, was then an assistant professor of Political Science at George Washington U. FIELDS: 2-Star/Communications/Politics/
Finnegan, William ii A Theft in the Library: The Case of the Missing Maps, The New Yorker, Vol.82, No.32 (17 Oct 2005), 64-80. LOC: BW (clipping). On the shenanigans of New York rare-map dealer E. Forbes Smiley III, whose business was fueled by his thieving from American library collections. Although his pilferings had attracted suspicions, Smiley wasnt caught until one day in June 2005 while laboring in Yales Rare Book & Manuscript Library. The staff, alerted by finding an X-Acto knife
blade on the floor traced it to Smiley and the Yale secuity people taped him surreptitiously removing a map from a book and then found stolen maps on his person. For the similar map thieveries of Gilbert Bland, Jr., see Harvey (2000). Finnegan, an American non-fiction writer, has been a New Yorker staff writer since 1987. FIELDS: 2-Star/Maps/Theft/Biography/
Fisher, David (1946- ) The War Magician. New York: Coward-McCann, 1983, 315pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Air U; Stanford. A hopelessly uncritical biography of Jasper Maskelyne (1902-1973), the English magician who was prominent in WW II as a British Army camoufleur. Fishers research method is basically to paraphrase everything in Maskelynes own sex-upped ghosted war memoir without bothering to cross-check with other sources. So avoid Fisher and, if necessary, go directly to the original, namely Maskelyne (1949). Author Fisher was an American freelance non-fiction writer. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Vol.27 (Winter 1983), 87-88, which twice grossly errs in referring to Fishers valuable contribution to the art of warfare by his excellent research. The reviewers for the CIAs Studies in Intelligence are often cagey and guarded but almost never so far off target! REV: Piers Moore Ede in Times Literary Supplement (13 Jan 2006), 29. Another credulous copy-catting of the book reviewed. It wouldnt have fooled Michael Foot, the TLSs usual military reviewer. Biographer Fisher bit and Hollywood blindly followed. I was surprised when in 2001 it was announced that Tom Cruise had decided he wanted to play the magician whod virtually defeated Rommel single-handedly and decided to co-produce a movie version of Fishers book. Cruise (and Paramount) signed on Aussie director Peter Weir (Gallipolli, The Mosquito Coast, and Captain and Commander) and screenwriter Peter Buchanan (Jurassic Park III and Che). Then in 2005, when Weir was finally tipped that Jasper M hadnt been quite the war-winner Fisher and his ghost writer had made him out to be, the project collapsed. The main whistle-blower had been Australian magician and magic historian Richard Stokes. See Stokes (2004). FIELDS: 0-Star/Magic/Biography/
Fischer, David Hackett (1935- ) iii Paul Reveres Ride. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, xviii+445pp. LOC: NPS. A superb case study of the diffusion of information (actionable intelligence) through a small-world network, namely that of a Boston silversmith in Colonial Massachusetts on the night of 18 April 1775. Two minor popular accounts copied from Fischers research are Gladwell (2002), 30-34; and Rogers (2003), 314-316. FIELDS: 3-Star/Networks/Biography/
Fisher, Jacob (1905- ) The Art of Detection. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1948, vii+248pp. LOC: US Army Military History Institute. A private investigator writes what he calls the first textbook on the subject of noncriminal investigation. Mere taxonomy without tell-tales, much less theory. FIELDS: 0-Star/Investigation/
Fisher, Ronald P., and R. Edward Geiselman iii Memory-Enhancing Techniques for Investigative Interviewing: The Cognitive Interview. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1992, xi+220pp. LOC: St. Thomas U (Miami). A comprehensive practical how-to-do-it handbook for professional police and investigative interviewers on the Cognitive Interview, which had been developed in 1984, to enhance the detail and reliability of the memories of eye-witnesses to crimes. Consequently not to be confused with the same-named technique developed by Willis (2005), p.5, to design appropriately worded survey questions through interviewing persons. See also Kebbell & Wagstaff (1999), Memon & Bull (1998), and OHara & OHara (1994). Written by two co-inventors of this most effective of all general techniques for getting subjects to recall witnessed events in the greatest detail and accuracy and with the least error. The authors are PhD psychologists, Fisher with Florida International University and Geiselman with UCLA. REV: An interesting but suspect negative critique is Allison (1996). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/
Fitzgerald, Col. Maurice J. (1901- ) i Handbook of Criminal Investigation. New York: Greenberg, 1951, 238pp. Edited by Paul B. Weston. Reprinted 1969 (Arco). Outlines the procedures followed by police detectives in most crimes. Designed as a self-teaching manual with over 200 questions and answers. A weak effort. Author was a colonel in the U.S. Army Military Police Corps. FIELDS: 1-Star/Police/
Fitzkee, Dariel (1899-1978) iii The Trick Brain. San Rafael, CA: Saint Raphael House, 1944, 316pp. Several facsimile reprints. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. A guide to the invention of magical deceptions by mix-and-match categories. Plausible but has generally proved impractical. Still tasty food for thought. Compare Nelms (1967). Dariel Fitzkee (stage & pen name of Dariel Fitzroy), an acoustical engineer in San Raphael, California, was a knowledgeable semi-pro magician and important writer
on conjuring methods until he abandoned that field, disgusted by the widespread lack of ethics among magicians. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Magic/Creativity/
iiii Magic by Misdirection. San Rafael, CA: Saint Raphael House, 1945, 227pp. Several facsimile reprints. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. An important work on conjuring theory. Focused on the principle of misdirection. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Magic/Deception/
Flach, Peter A., and Antonis C. Kakas (editors) ii Abduction and Induction: Essays on their Relation and Integration. Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, xix+309pp. LOC: U of South Florida. An up-to-date survey of developments in logic with special attention to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Bayesian analysis. Drs. Flach and Kakas are, respectively, a logician in Britain and a theoretical physicist; in Cyprus; both specialized in AI. See also Eco & Sebeok (1983) and Taroni (1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/Statistics/Computers/Bayes/
Fleet, F. R. iii A Theory of Wit and Humour. London: Remington and Co. Publishers, 1890, 278pp. LOC: Congress; British L; Cambridge. Facsimile reprint, 1970. LOC: BW3. Claims with considerable justification to be the worlds first systematic theory of humor. Although this is an impressive, even important book, it has been almost entirely overlooked. Unfortunately, it overly complicates matters, creating a muddle of laughability, novelty, and perfection/imperfection in which Incongruity Theory gets dismissed. This is a substantial revision of the authors An Analysis of Wit and Humour (1884, 62pp. with further revisions in 1886 & 1888). FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Fleming, Peter (1907-1971) SEE: Hart-Davis (1987) Fleming, Stuart J[ames] (1943- ) iii Authenticity in Art: The Scientific Detection of Forgery. London: Institute of Physics, 1975, 164pp. Foreword by Prof. S. A. Goudsmit. LOC: BW; MOMA. A fine scholarly work covering paintings, ceramics, and metals. For thermoluminescence see also Brent (2001), 31; and Furetta (2003).
Dr. Fleming, a physicist with the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art at Oxford, was the world expert on using thermoluminescence to date ceramics and bronzes. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Art/
ii An Evaluation of Physico-chemical Approaches to Authentication, in Jaff, Storm van Leeuwen, & Tweel (1979), 103-139. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
iii Art Forgery: Some Scientific Defences, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol.130, No.2 (Jun 1986), 175-195. LOC: BW3 (copy); Internet-JSTOR. By 1986 Dr. Fleming had become Scientific Director of the University of Pennsylvanias Museum. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/
Flesch, Rudolf [Franz], Ph.D. (1911-1986) ii The Art of Clear Thinking. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1951, x+212pp. LOC: Monterey PL. On creative thinking, which Flesch defined as clear thinking. See particularly Chapter 13 (How to Solve a Puzzle), pp.102-110. Very highly recommended by creative magician Jeff Busby for its insights. Flesch trained as a lawyer in his native Vienna. Moved to the US in 1938 following the Nazi annexation of Austria. Took his PhD at Columbia. An early advocate of phonics, he became a best-selling authority on learning. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Fletcher, H. G. Leslie i Postal Forgeries of the World. Batley, England: Harry Hayes, 1977, 137pp. LOC: U of Texas (Dallas); U of Florida. A catalog of postage stamps that are specifically intended to evade postal surveillance and be accepted at face value. Originally appeared serially in The Stamp Lover as brief articles. See particularly Petschel (1997) and also Moens (1862), Eare (1882 & 1905), Ragatz (1953), Bloom (1957), Chemi (1974), Schmid (1979), Datz (1990), and Tyler (1991 & 1993). Fletcher was a leading English philatelist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Stamps/
Flynn, Tom i Photographic Proof? Not for Long, The Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.17, No.2 (Winter 1993), 118120. LOC: BW (copy). An early prediction that advances in film special-effects technology would soon make detection of faked photographs impossible. See also Farid (2003). FIELDS: 1-Star/IMINT/
FM 3-0 (Operations) Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army. 14 Jun 2001. LOC: not seen. Supercedes FM 100-5 of 14 Jun 1943. FIELDS: ?-Star/Military/
FM 3-06 (Urban Operations) Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army. 1 Jun 2003. LOC: www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-06/. Supercedes FM 90-10 of 15 Aug 1979. FIELDS: ?-Star/Military/
FM 5-20 (Camouflage) Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of Army. 1 Jun 1940; Feb 1944. LOC: Internet (Feb 1944). US Army camouflage manuals actually declined in quality following WW II regarding their ability to deal in theory and principles. More recently, there has been improvement. FIELDS: ?-Star/Camouflage/
ii FM 5-20 (Camouflage) Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1959. LOC: Combined Arms Research Library (Ft. Leavenworth). This edition was, with few changes, current as late as 1968. See Blechman & Newman (2004). FIELDS: 2-Star/Camouflage/
FM 5-23 (Field Decoy Installations) Washington, DC: Department of the Army. LOC: not seen. FIELDS: ?-Star/Camouflage/
FM 20-3 (Camouflage, Concealment and Decoys) 30 Aug 1999. Supersedes FM 20-3, 14 Nov 1990". LOC: Army War College; Air U; Internet; not seen. FIELDS: ?-Star/Camouflage/
FM 30-5 (Combat Intelligence) Washington, DC: Department of the Army, Feb 1971, ii+205pp. LOC: not seen. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 69-70. This intelligence training manual is the most comprehensive published by the army. It includes references to doctrinal lessons learned in the Vietnam War and discusses the use of modern sensors for collecting information, target acquisition, night observation, and electronic warfare. Appendix A is ... a bibliography of available army intelligence training literature. FIELDS: ?-Star/INTEL/
FM 30-15 (Intelligence Interrogation) Washington, DC: Army, Jun 1973, 94pp. LOC: US Army Command & General Staff College; not seen. Superceded issues of Sep 1951 and Jun 1945. FIELDS: ?-Star/Interrogation/
FM 31-40 Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1958, CONFIDENTIAL. LOC: not seen. The U.S. Armys classified field manual giving detailed discussion of tactical cover and deception. As I footnoted in Whaley (1969), 59n1: It is interesting that this particular manual was not in the 30" series for U.S. Army intelligence but in the 1" series for special warfare, which was then closely coordinated with CIA. FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/
FM 34-1 (Intelligence Operations) Washington, DC: Army, Sep 1994. Scheduled for revision in 2003. FIELDS: ?-Star/INTEL/
FM 34-52 (Intelligence Interrogation) Washington, DC: Army, 28 Sep 1992, 179pp. LOC: not seen. FIELDS: FM 34-60 (Counterintelligence) Washington, DC: LOC: not seen. FIELDS: ?-Star/Counterintel/
?-Star/Interrogation/
FM 90-2 (Tactical Deception) Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 2 Aug 1978, ii+8+20+10+18+3+6+4+12+22+5+6pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; Air U. The good parts are simplistic; the bad parts are grossly misleading; and it lacks any guiding theory. A too-concise cookbook with brief but often inappropriate case examples. Not only are some of these case examples inappropriate for tactical deception level staffs but even some specific recommendations. Although I agree that high quality operational deception can be had at little cost in diverting personnel & materiel, most of this manuals evidence is insufficient. Superseded FM 31-40 (20 Sep 1967). REV: Dr. David Syrett review in Military Intelligence, Vol.8 (Apr-Jun 1982), 16-18. A devastating critique that concludes that Working on the principle that a little knowledge is dangerous, FM 90-2: Tactical Deception should be withdrawn, redone, and then reissued. FIELDS: 0-Star/Deception/
ii FM 90-2 (Battlefield Deception) Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of Army, 3 Oct 1988, various pagings. LOC: BW (copy); NPS; National Defense U; Marine Corps U. An official manual, better than most. Supercedes the above described edition of 2 Aug 1978. See also Joint (1996) and Australian Defence Forces (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
i FMFM 2-4 (Counterintelligence) Washington, DC: Department of the Navy, Headquarters United States Marine Corps, 5 Dec 1993, various pagings. LOC: NPS. A competent nuts-and-bolts overview. Too few details of theory or methods to be of much value to specialists. This Fleet Marine Force Manual (FMFM) supercedes the 5 Dec 1983 edition. FIELDS: 1-Star/Counterintel/
Fodor, Jerry (1935- ) ii The Mind Doesnt Work That Way: The Scope and Limits of Computational Psychology. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000, xi+126pp. LOC: CalStateU-Monterey. Too cutesy from the authors dedication to his cat, though his non-acknowledgment to the various named foundations who contributed not one red cent to the support of this work, to various asides. Im not sure how seriously I should take him. Ill just say that he is widely recognized as the main challenger to the rather extreme position taken by Pinker (1997) in combining cognitive psychology with evolutionary biology. Dr. Fodor (1960 Princeton PhD in philosophy) is a Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
iii The selfish gene pool, Times Literary Supplement, No.5339 (29 Jul 2005), 3-4. A review of Buller (2005). FIELDS: 3-Star/Evolution/
Fogel, David B. (ca.1964- ) iii Evolutionary Computation: Toward a New Philosophy of Machine Intelligence. Second Edition, New York: IEEE Press, 2000, xix+270pp. A clear and up-to-date explanation of evolutionary computation, a self-learning (heuristic) computer-programing strategy conceived in 1960 by Dr. David Fogels father, Dr. Larry Fogel. See also Turing (1950), Eysenck (1995), Boden (1990), and Simonton (1999). The author, a UC-San Diego PhD in engineering sciences, is CEO of Natural Selection, Inc., in La Jolla. FIELDS: 3-Star/Computers/
________, [and] Charles J. Robinson (1947- ) (editors) ii Computational Intelligence: The Experts Speak. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2003, xviii282pp. LOC: not seen. More of the above as presented in 18 papers by 41 international specialists.. FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/
Fong, Wen (1930- ) ii The Problem of Forgeries in Chinese Paintings; Part One, Artibus Asiae, Vol.25 (1962), 95-119. LOC; BW (copy). Widely cited. The promised Part Two never appeared. Dr. Wen C. Fong (PhD Princeton) taught Chinese art history at Princeton from 1954 to 1999 when he emerited. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Painting/China/ Smith & Fong (1999)
Foot, M. R. D. (1919- ) _______, and J. M. Langley (1916- ) iii MI9: The British Secret Service that Fostered Escape and Evasion 1939-1945, and Its American Counterpart. London: The Bodley Head, 1979, 365pp. Foreword by Sir Gerald Templer. U.S. edition as MI9: Escape and Evasion 1939-1945. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1980, xii+351pp. The official British history. Strong critical history, weak theory. See also Hutton (1960), Neave (1969), and Mendez (1999).
Both SAS Captain Michael Foot and Army Lt. Col. James Maydon Langley had been POWs of the Germans, Langley since Dunkirk where he lost his left arm, Michael Foot since D-Day. He escaped from hospital and returned the England next year. REV: Constantinides (1983), 13, 192-193. Gives high marks. FIELDS: 3-Star/Escape&Evasion/
________ ii SOE in the Low Countries. London: St Ermins Press, 2001, xviii+553pp. LOC: NPS. The most nearly complete account of the British role in the Dutch and Belgian resistance movements during the Second World War. Because publication was held up by official censors for two years Michael Foot was unable to fully answer the charges by Leo Marks (1998) about the SOEs bungled Radio Game in Holland. FIELDS: 2-Star/Asymetry/
Ford, Charles V., M.D. (1937- ) ii Lies! Lies!! Lies!!!: The Psychology of Deceit. Washington, D.C.: The Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1996, xiii+333pp. LOC: BW; U of Hong Kong. An American psychiatrists view of deception and self-deception. Magician Busby recommends Ch.2 (Detection of Deceit) as particularly good. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Lying/Self-deception/
Feldman & Ford (1994)
Ford, Sheridan (1867-1922) Art, a commodity. New York: Press of Rogers & Sherwood, 1888, 58pp. LOC: Congress; Getty; National Art Gallery (London); scarce; not seen. Reportedly an early investigative report on the American art market. This pamphlet, which circulated widely in the United States and Britain, exposed the current forgeries and shams. Note particularly that 1880 ushered in the mass production of cheap oils in America, a grand old tradition led today by the Thomas Kinkade factory. Ford was an American journalist. FIELDS: ?-Star/Painting/
Ford, Wayne D., Ph.D. (1944- ) i How to Spot a Phony Resume: Secrets of the Most Successful Writers of False Information. Walnut Creek, CA: The Management Advantage, Inc., 1998, 122pp. LOC: BW. Author is an MBA and PhD in management. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
ii How to Spot a Liar in a Job Interview. Walnut Creek, CA: The Management Advantage, Inc., 1999, 125pp. LOC: BW. Includes a brief and marginally interesting chapter on Lie Traps. See also Walley (1999), which is the better text. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Foreign Denial & Deception (D&D): Soviet Maskirovka: A Bibliography. SEE: Cruickshank (1986) Foresi, Alessandro Tour de Babel, ou Objets dArt Faux Pris pour Vrais et Vice Vers. Paris: Pedone Lauriel et Cie & Florence: 1868, xi+118pp. French text with Italian comments. LOC: Frick; scarce; not seen. Reportedly an important account of Italian art forgeries and reproductions, particularly those of Giovanni Bastianini (1830-1869). Dr. Foresi was a wealthy Italian surgeon and prominent collector of art who relished the battle of wits with the fakers and unscrupulous dealers. FIELDS: ?-Star/Art/
Forrester, John (1949- ) i Truth Games: Lies, Money, and Psychoanalysis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997, xiii+210pp. Foreword by Adam Phillips. Addresses two questions: Can psychoanalysis uncover any truths about a persons inner life and how does the money transaction between analyst and patient affect their bond. Psychoanalyst Forrester originally intended his title to be a coy Lying on the Couch, which better represents the slick tone of his analysis. Hes so busy writing clever that he neglects to write plain so I wont apologize if I oversimplify his conclusions: First, physicians in general and analysts should always lie to their patients to make them feel better. Second, high fees are necessary so that patients will believe theyve gotten something valuable. In both cases the patients have received that most reliable and potent of all treatmentsthe placebo. I include this book here only because its one of the few readable and occasionally meaningful expositions from writers who treat the delightful whimseys of Saussure, Wittgenstein, Lacan, Derrida, and Foucault with deadening seriousness. See also Bok (1978). FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Foster, Don[ald W.] (1950- ) Author Unknown: On the Trail of Anonymous. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2000, 318pp. LOC: BW. A disappointingly thin account, self-puffing, unconvincing, and often wildly wrong. The authors own draft subtitle, Tales of Literary Detection, is more descriptive and accurate than the later hyped one of his publisher who also grossly mis-spoke in calling Foster the worlds first literary detective. But then Foster himself has the ignorance or nerve to claim he developed a science of literary forensics. A Donald-come-lately, he is only
one of the many recent oneslong after, among others, Malone (1796), Ellegrd (1962), Mosteller & Wallace (1964/1984), Morton (1978), and a whole department today at Birmingham University, none of whom he mentions. Foster claims to have proved by simple computer-assisted content analyses that Shakespeare probably wrote A Funerall Elegye, that Ted Kaczynski wrote the Unabomber Manifesto, that Joe Klein wrote Primary Colors (Foster used only Macintosh's "Retrieve It!" software on this one), and Clement Moore plagiarized The Night Before Christmas. In fact new research pretty much shows that John Ford wrote the elegy, the Klein ID was sound but figured out by another, and Kaczynski was IDed by members of his own family. Unfortunately, even suspiciously, Foster doesn't give details of his content analysis methods, making it impossible for us to verify his analysis much less apply his methods ourselves. Forsters claims were uncritically accepted by the majority of media including The Smithsonian Magazine, The Spectator, the Evening Standard, and The Village Voice. The few skeptics included the Times Literary Supplement. Subsequently widely exposed to the point that in 2003 he renounced computer analysis as a valid tool for identification of authorship. He even audaciously claimed that his public admission of erroneous IDs proved he was a true scholar. Foster has been a Professor of English Literature at Vassar since 1986. FIELDS: 0-Star/Documents/Computers/Biography/
Fowler, Charles A., and Robert F. Nesbit iii Tactical Deception in Air-Land Warfare, Journal of Electronic Defense, Vol.18, No.6 (Jun 1995), 37-44, 76-79. LOC: BW (copy); NPS. Prof. Neil C. Rowe, of Naval Postgraduate School, (and I agree) judges this article particularly valuable for its six rules for effective military deception, which to quote verbatim are: First Rule: To be effective, a deception operation must be one that causes the enemy to believe what he expects. (pp.42-43) Second Rule: Timely feedback is an essential element of all major deception operations. (p.44) Third Rule: Deception must be integrated with operations. (p.44) Fourth Rule: Denial of information on the true activities is also essential; it will depend, in significant part, on stealth and C3 countermeasures (C3CM) activities. (p.44) Fifth Rule: The realism required for any deception activity is a function of the sensor and analysis capabilities available to the opponent and the time available to analyze the situation, disseminate the data to the appropriate points and take appropriate actions. (pp.44, 76) Sixth Rule: The most effective deception will be imaginative and creative; it cannot be legislated or ordered; and it must not become stereotyped or bureaucratized. (p.76) SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Deception/ CLASSES: 603/
[Fox, Lt. Frederic E.] iii Official History 23rd Headquarters Special Troops. 1945. LOC: BW (copy). On the US Army tactical deception unit in Europe 1944-45. Particularly interesting in that, without access to German records, the 23rd greatly underestimated its success, as my own studies have revealed. See also Mendelsohn (1989b). Later studies that have exploited this major source are Whaley (21 Oct 1987), Gordon (2001), Wilson (2001), Gawne (2002), Gerard (2002), and Kneece (2002). Written anonymously by Princeton graduate Lt. Fred Fox, the 23rds radio-traffic analyst, to give something for the veterans of the unit to talk publically about without revealing any still secret details (Gawne [2002], p.286). FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/USA/
Frank, Mark G., and Paul Ekman ii Not all smiles are created equal: the differences between enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles, Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, Vol.6, No.1 (Berlin: 1993), 9-26. LOC: BW (copy). Study showing that smiles arising from pleasure are involuntary while others are voluntary. Dr. Frank (1987 PhD in social psychology from Cornell) now teaches at Rutgers. See also Ekman (1975, 1985, 1997). FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
iii Nonverbal Detection of Deception in Forensic Contexts, in ODonohue & Levensky (2004), 635-653. Surveys the literature and reaches the weak but obvious conclusion (p.650) that the only way to detect lies from behavior, either inside or outside the courtroom, must be to gather unimpeachable corroborating evidence supporting or disproving a witnesss testimonywhich to some extent was what the adversarial [courtroom] system was designed to do in the first place. FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/Forensics/
Frankenstein, Alfred (1908-1981) iii After the Hunt: William Harnett and Other American Still Life Painters, 1870-1900. Revised edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975, 201pp. Fine detection by The San Francisco Chronicles esteemed music and art critic (193479). Establishes that many works previously attributed to Harnett were forgeries and others were legitimate works by the until then little-known painters John Peto and John Haberle. The original edition appeared in 1953 when I recall it created justified excitement and kudos for the author among the Bay Areas art crowd. See also Paul Staiti, Con Artists: Harnett, Haberle, and Their American Accomplices, in EbertSchifferer (2002), 90-103. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/Con/Biography/
Frankland, Noble (1922- ) i History at War: The Campaigns of an Historian. London: dlm, 1998, viii+248pp. The efforts of a distinguished British official military historian to establish historical truth in the face of bureaucratic resistance, particularly in the case of RAF Bomber Commands operations against Germany in WW II. FIELDS: 1-Star/Historiography/Biography/
Franks, BrigGen Tommy R. (1945- ), and Patrecia [sic] S. Hollis ii !st Cav in Desert Storm Deception, Firepower and Movement, Field Artillery, Jun1991, 31-34. LOC: BW (copy); Air U; Naval War College. Interview with Franks who had served as Assistant Division Commander (Maneuver), 1st Cavalry Division, during the 1991 attack into southern Iraq. Quotes Sun Tzu, citing him as having inspired the successful opening deception plan. Interviewer Hollis was the magazines managing editor. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
Fraser-Smith, Charles (1904-1992) ________, with Gerald McKnight and Sandy Lesberg ii The Secret War of Charles Fraser-Smith. London: Michael Joseph, 1981, 159pp. LOC: Air U; Annapolis; Oxford. Memoirs of Fraser-Smiths World War Two service with MI9 inventing and providing infiltration and escape aids. He was probably the main model for Ian Flemings Q. See also Hutton (1960) for Fraser-Smiths American counterpart; and Maskelyne (1949) for a largely lying British claimant. Persuaded by his son-in-law to write this account; but, as Stokes (2004) concluded, evidently no longer capable of being other than too highly anecdotal and vague on dates to be reliable. So use with caution. An uncritical biography is David Porter (1989), The Man Who Was Q (London: Paternoster, 1989). FIELDS: 2-Star/Escape&Evasion/Biography/
________, with Kevin Logan ii Secret Warriors: Hidden Heroes of MI6, OSS, MI9, SOE and SAS. Exeter: The Paternoster Press, 1984, 191pp. LOC: Harvard; Oxford. Important as eyewitness testimony but otherwise unreliable. FIELDS: 2-Star/Escape&Evasion/
Frazer, Persifor (1844-1909) A Manual of the Study of Documents to Establish the Individual Character of Handwriting and to Detect Fraud and Forgery. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1894, xiii+218pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; not seen. French translation by Louis Vossion as Des Faux en criture et de lcriture (Paris: Guillaumin et Cie., 1899, as deuxime dition).
Early book on the subject, stressing the individual character of handwriting, which Prof. Frazer proved by several measurements such as lengths of an often repeated word like more, heights of a key letter like r in that word, and the ratios of those lengths to those heights. It was Frazers experience that individual writers rarely varied these measures by more than 15%, which was then cause to suspect forgery. In a blaze of scientism Frazer coined the terms Bibliotics (the science of examining the written word), Grammapheny (the study of the characteristics of individual handwritings), and Plassopheny (the art of detecting forged documents). Happily, they didnt catch on. The author was a noted professional chemist and geologist. He was also an early document examiner, although Albert Osborn (1929) alleged that Dr. Frazer had very limited experience in the field. Osborn judged that Frazers theories have no practical or scientific standing although they had a brief unhealthy influence in France, particularly with Bertillon (in 1897-98) and Locard (in 1912 and 1920). Osborn, a later competitor, had an unhealthy motive for attacking Fraziers methods, which were at worst, merely cumbersome. See also Osborn (1929), Williamson & Meenach (1981), and Nickell (1996). FIELDS: ?-Star/Documents/Fraud/
ii Bibliotics, or the Study of Documents; Determination of the Individual Character of Handwriting and Detection of Fraud and Forgery; New Methods of Research. 3rd edition, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1901, xxiv+266pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Reprinted with a new preface by Ordway Hilton, New York: AMS Press, 1974, iii+xxiv+266pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Florida Atlantic U. Enlarged, rearranged, and partly re-written 3rd edition of the above work. Covers analysis of individual handwriting styles, contents, inks (including colored inks by the light absorbency as measured by a colorimeter, a device he modified for this purpose), paper, tapes, and seals. Use of camera (applying Galtons composite photography of faces to signatures), microscope (including microphotography), chemical tests, etc. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/Fraud/
Frazier, Steven K. i Sting Book: A Guide to Setting Up and Running a Clandestine Storefront Operation. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Limited, 1994, 266pp. A promising title but filled only with platitudes. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/
Frederick the Great (1712-1786) SEE UNDER: Luvaas (1966) Fredrickson, Darin D., and Raymond P. Siljander i Racial Profiling: Eliminating the Confusion Between Racial and Criminal Profiling and Clarifying What Constitutes Unfair Discrimination and Persecution. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.,, 2002, xxi+148pp. LOC: CalStateU-Monterey Bay; U of Florida. An effort to distinguish between racial profiling and criminal profiling. Detective Fredrickson, a specialist on drug law enforcement, had been with the Phoenix Police
Department since 1991. Siljander, among other activities, had been a 3-tour Korean War vet and a private undercover investigator. FIELDS: 1-Star/Profiling/
i Street Drug Investigation: A Practical Guide for Plainclothes and Uniformed Personnel. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 2004, xiv+281pp. Foreword by Sherrif [sic] Joe Arpaio. LOC: Spokane Community College; Florida State U. A basic textbook. Practical but dull. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Investigations/
Siljander & Fredrickson (2001 & 2002)
Freeman, Linton C. iiii The Development of Social Network Analysis: A Study in the Sociology of Science. Vancouver, Canada: Empirical Press, 2004, xii+205pp. LOC: BW3; UC-Irvine. A finely detailed history of small-world theory and studies. This is the first book that pulls the previously separate and mutually unaware small-world research traditions of the grand old sociologists together with the Johnny-come-lately physicists and mathematicians like Watts & Strogatz (1998). Dr. Freeman (1956 PhD in sociology from Northwestern) began working on social networks in 1958 at Syracuse. Founded the journal Social Networks in 1978, and is now Research Professor in the Sociology Department at UC-Irvine. FIELDS: 4-Star/Networks/
Freemantle, Brian (1936- ) ii The Steal: Counterfeiting and Industrial Espionage. London: Michael Joseph, 1986, xi+244pp. Reprinted 1987. On counterfeit products and spying among business competitors in order to pilfer product designs and manufacturing or marketing secrets. The author is an English reporter and writer of popular spy thrillers and nonfiction books on the KGB (1982) and CIA (1984). FIELDS: 2-Star/Business/HUMINT-industry/
Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939) Der Witz und seine Bezeihung zum Unbewussten. Leipzig & Vienna: Franz Deuticke, 1905, 205pp; ii English translation as Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious. New York: Moffat, Yard and Company, 1916, vII+388pp. Translated and edited with Introduction by Dr. A. A. Brill. Dr. Freud had begun collecting Jewish jokes in 1897 for what he announced would be an anthology of Jewish humor, but it resulted 8 years later in this more ecumenical work. A classic. But Freud was so absorbed with arguing that jokes arise from the economy of effort that he slights the more obvious yet analytically profound common element of incongruousness.
Clearest exposition and critique of Freuds theory of humor is Oring (2003), 116128. A defense is P. Kline in Chapman & Foot (1977). Compare Bergson (1900), Sully (1902), Eastman (1936), Wolfenstein (1954), and Reik (1962). FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
i Psycho-analysis and the Ascertaining of Truth in Courts of Law (1906), as translated by E. B. M. Herford. Reprinted in Collected Papers, Vol.2 (London: Lund Humphries, 1924), 13-24. LOC: Alabama State U; BW (copy). On Jungs famous word-association test and Freuds own psychoanalysis as methods of forensic lie detection. A lecture given at a law seminar in June 1906 and first published that year in Hans Grosss Archiv fr Kriminalanthropologie und Kriminalistik, Vol.26 (1906). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychotherapy/Interrogation/
i Humour, International Journal of Psychoanalysis, Vol.9 (1928), 1-6. Reprinted in Collected Papers, Vol.5 (London: Hogarth, 1950), 215-221. Freuds paper was initially read in German (Der Humor) by his daughter, Anna Freud, at the 10th International Psychoanalytical Congress (1927) and first published the following year. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Friedhoffer, Bob ii Magic and Perception: The Art and Science of Fooling the Senses. New York: Watts, 1996, 109pp. LOC: BW. An elementary but adequate summary by a science writer and kid-show magician. See also Triplett (1900), Randal (1982), and Schiffman (1997). FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/Perception/
Friedlnder, Max J. (1867-1958) Echt und Unecht: Aus den Erfahrungen des Kunstkenners. Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1929, 69pp. LOC: Getty; Warburg. ii English translation by Carl von Honstett & Lenore Pelham as Genuine and Counterfeit: Experiences of a Connoisseur. New York: Albert & Charles Boni, 1930, 108pp. LOC: Getty. A collection of eight articles on genuineness in art, eight of which originally appeared in the German art magazine Kunst und Knstler. The author, a leading art historian, had been director of Berlins Kaiser Friedrich Museum until forced out by the Nazis in 1933. Choosing to leave Nazi Germany, he emigrated to Holland where he reportedly collaborated with the Nazis in their looting of Dutch art following the German occupation in 1941. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
i On Art and Connoisseurship. London: Bruno Cassirer, Ltd., 1942, 284pp. Translated by Tancred Borenius from the authors manuscript. Reprinted 1960. Also later published from the original German manuscript as Von Kunst und Kennerschaft (1946). FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/
Friedman, Bill iii Casino Management. Revised & enlarged edition, Secaucas, NJ: Lyle Stuart, 1982, 542pp. LOC: Cornell. The most comprehensive book on the subject, although limited to the American casinos in Las Vegas and Atlantic City. The section on Accounting Procedures (pp.251-392) is the only detailed published account of how to detect the many ways that casino employees embezzle. Note that the first edition (1974) covered only Las Vegas. Originally drafted as the textbook for the authors course 1970-79 at the U of Nevada, Las Vegas, on Casino Operations and Management. While simultaneously managing Las Vegas casinos in the 1970s, the author pioneered development of the statistical formulae given herein needed to detect skimming and other ripoffs. Highly recommended by casino cheating expert and magician Jeff Busby. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/Games/ CLASSES: 603/
Friedman, Tuviah (1922- ) ii The Hunter. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961, 286pp. Edited and translated from the original Yiddish by David C. Gross. LOC: Congress; Hartnell College (Salinas). Also London: A. Gibbs & Phillips, 1961, 299pp. LOC: Congress; Cambridge. Autobiographical memoirs of the noted Nazi hunter. Tuviah (also transliterated Tuwiah or Tuvia) Friedman, a Polish Jew, escaped from a concentration camp in 1944. Later founded and directed the Institute for the Documentation of Nazi War Crimes in Haifa, Israel. FIELDS: 2-Star/Tracking/Biography/
Friedman, William F. (1891-1969), & Elizebeth [sic] S. Friedman (1892-1980) i The Shakespearean Ciphers Examined: An analysis of cryptographic systems used as evidence that some author other than William Shakespeare wrote the plays commonly attributed to him. Cambridge: At the University Press, 1957, xvii+303pp. LOC: Congress; Oxford. Wherein the famous American husband-wife codebreaking team expose the statistical pitfalls in the studies of Ignatius Donnelley, the Gallups, and others in miscrediting the works of Shakespeare to Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and others. For more upto-date studies see Kahn (1967), Ingermanson (1999), and McCrea (2004). FIELDS: 1-Star/Cryptology/
Fritts, Harold C. (1928- ) iii Reconstructing Large-scale Climatic Change Patterns from Tree-Ring Data: A Diagnostic Analysis. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1991, xxiii+286pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. Emeritus Prof. Fritts of the University of Arizona Tree Ring Laboratory applies dendrochronology to reconstruct climate changes throughout North America. See also Schweingruber (1988) and Taylor & Aiken (1997). FIELDS: 3-Star/Dendrochronology/
Frontinus, Sextus Julius (ca.35 ADca.104) Strategemata, manuscript, ca.90 AD. iii English translation as The Stratagems, and the Aqueducts of Rome. London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1925, xix+483pp. Translated by Charles E. Bennett. Published in the Loeb Classical Library series. LOC: BW3; Stanford. Italian translation and Latin text as Strategematica / Gli Stratagemmi. Lecce: Argo, 1999, 390pp. Introduction, translation, and notes by Francesco Galli. LOC: Cornell. French translation as Les Stratagmes. Paris: Institute de stratgie compare, 1999, 283pp. Translation and commentary by Pierre Laederich. LOC: Cornell. A classic military work, which together with Polyaenus (ca.163 AD) are the only two that survive among Greco-Roman texts devoted entirely to various ruses of war. REV: Sheldon (2003), 110 and also 68. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Deception/Greece/Rome/
Fry, William F., Jr. i Sweet Madness: A Study of Humor. Palo Alto, California: Pacific Books, Publishers, 1963, ix+178pp. LOC: BW. After much turgid philosophizing, Dr. Fry, M.D., an American psychiatrist and student of Gregory Bateson, finally comes down on the side of the theory of humor that stresses incongruity, which he calls paradox. Interesting, but what he thinks is his original theory of the structure of humor is only rediscovery. Still, this is to his credit, judging by those few books on humor in his bibliography, none of which would have led him directly or easily to Incongruity Theory. Dr. Fry was then a Professor of Clinical Psychology at Stanford University. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Fu, Shen C. Y. (1937- ), with major contributions and translated by Jan Stuart iii Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-chien. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1991, 327pp. LOC: Yale; Beverly Hills PL; Oxford. On the paintings by modern Chinese artist Chang Dai-chien (ZHANG Daqian, 18991983). Includes his forgeries of ancient Tun-huang (Dunhuang) cave painting following
his visit there in 1941. This work constituted the catalog of an exhibition of Changs works held at the Smithsonian in 1991-92. See also Yang (1996). Mr. Fu was then Senior Curator of Chinese Art at the Smithsonian & the Freer Gallery of Art. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/China/
Fugate, Bryan I. (1943- ) Operation Barbarossa: Strategy and Tactics on the Eastern Front, 1941. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1984, xxiii+415pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Air U. A bizarre revisionist analysis of Hitlers invasion of Russia. By careful choosing facts he shows an all-wise Stalin tricking Hitler into invading! This was the thin excuse already worn thin at the time by Communist propagandist Anna Louise Strong when she wrote The Soviets Expected It (1941). Completely contradicts the findings and conclusions about German deception and Stalins surprise in Whaley (1973), to which, despite his extensive bibliography and footnote citations, Fugate makes no reference. He elaborated on his theory in Bryan I. Fugate and Lev Dvoretsky, Thunder on the Dnepr: Zhukov-Stalin and the Defeat of Hitlers Blitzkrieg (Novato: Presidio, 1997). Dr. Fugate got his PhD in Soviet & German military history from the University of Texas (Austin). Dvoretsky is a former Russian colonel. REV: Lieutenant Colonel Barry D. Watts & Dr. Williamson Murray, Inventing History: Soviet Military Genius Revealed, Air University Review, Mar-Apr 1985. A demolishing review of Fugates book. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Vol.28 (Winter 1984), 79-81. FIELDS: 0-Star/Surprise/Russia/
Fuld, Werner (1947- ) ii Das Lexikon der Flschungen: Flschungen, Lgen und Verschwrungen aus Kunst, Historie, Wissenschaft und Literatur. Frankfurt: Eichborn, 1999, 309pp. LOC: Getty; Brown; U of Colorado. A popular encyclopedia (Aborigines to Zombies) of forgeries and frauds in art, history, science, and literature. See also McDougall (1940), Newnham (1991), Sifakis (1993), Stein (1993), Lindskoog (1993), and Boese (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Fraud/
Furedy, John J. (1940- ), and John Liss ii Countering Confessions Induced by the Polygraph: Of Confessionals and Psychological Rubber Hoses, The Criminal Law Quarterly, Vol.29, No.1 (Dec 1986), 91-104. LOC: BW (copy). Shows how a defense lawyer can prepare to contradict an innocent or guilty clients polygraph-induced confession. The was the first of Prof. Furedys several papers on the subject of lie detector tests, of which he is profoundly skeptical. Budapest-born Dr. Furedy (1965 PhD in psychology from the University of Sydney) is a prominent psychophysiologist. He was Professor of Psychology at the University of Toronto 1975-2005 when he retired to return to Australia. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/Interrogation/
________, Ronald J. Heslegrave iii Validity of the Lie Detector: A Psychophysiological Perspective, Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol.18, No.2 (Jun 1988), 219-246. LOC: BW (copy). The authors conclude that as a scientific tool, CQT [control question technique] polygraph is of questionable validity, although it is probably a better-than-chance detector of guilt. See also Elaad (1999) and Ben-Shakhar & Elaad (2003). FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/Interrogation/
Furetta, Claudio (1937- ) ii Handbook of Thermoluminescence. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 2003, 461pp. LOC: U of Oregon; Bristol. A comprehensive up-to-date encyclopedia of this scientific detection technique. Its several dozens of topics are arrayed in alphabetical order Accuracy to Zirconium oxide. See also Fleming (1975); and Brent (2001), 31. Dr. Furetta holds a doctorate in physics from Rome University where he has been a research physicist since 1971. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/
Furse, Colonel George Armand, C.B. (1834- ) iiiii Information in War: Its Acquisition and Transmission. London: William Clowes & Sons, Limited, 1895, vi+324pp. LOC: West Point; Annapolis; British L; Cambridge; scarce. The earliest textbook of military intelligence. Comprehensive. Each of its many principles and generalizations is immediately supported by clear historical examples. Essential in its day (but ignored) and remarkably sound even today (although forgotten). Col. Furse had been an officer with the Black Watch regiment. He published several books on military history and operations between 1877 and 1905. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Collection/ 5-Star/INTEL/
ii Military Expeditions beyond the Seas. London: William Clowes & Sons, Limited, 2 volumes, 1897, ix+375pp+405pp. LOC: NPS; British L. A remarkably good textbook of amphibious operations. Of special relevance here is Chapter IV (Secrecy an Element of Success, pp.107-123. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/
-GGaddis, John Lewis (ca.1942- ) i On Strategc Surprise, Hoover Digest, 2002, No.2. LOC: BW (copy). In thrall to Wohlstetters Signal/Noise pessimism. Largely recapped in his Surprise, Security, and the American Experience (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 2004). Dr. Gaddis has been a professor of military history at Yale since 1997. FIELDS: 1-Star/Surprise/
Galasiski, Dariusz iii The Language of Deception: A Discourse Analytical Study. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2000, xii+143pp. LOC: Stanford; UC-Santa Cruz. How we use language to deceive others and what kinds of linguistic devices are used. Based mainly on the authors studies of British and American politicians. Dr. Galasiski (PhD from Jagiellonian U in Poland) is Professor of Discourse & Transformations at the University of Wolverhampton, England. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Rhetoric/
Galton, Francis (1822-1911) ii Psychometric Experiments, Brain, Vol.2 (Jul 1879), 149-162. LOC: BW (copy). In this study Galton introduced the concept of the word-association test, the notion famously expanded upon by psychologists Wundt and Jung. For this remarkable English scientists autobiography see Memories of My Life (London: 1908). His pioneering advocacy of genetic engineering or eugenics (a word coined by him in 1883) to improve humanity, particularly white humanity, has made him and all his many other theories the butt of politically correct bigots. Its sufficient to say that while his theory of eugenics is unacceptable to most advocates of democratic systemswe dont have to demonize him in the process any more than has been done to Lombroso. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
ii Finger Prints. London: Macmillan and Co., 1892, xvi+216pp. Facsimile reprint 1965. LOC: Key West Public Library. An early study of the subject. See also Faulds (1880 & 1905), Henry (1900), Wilton (1938), and Cole (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/ID/
Gannon, James i Stealing Secrets, Telling Lies: How Spies and Codebreakers Helped Shape the Twentieth Century, Washington, DC: Brasseys, 2001, xi+323pp.
A competent rehash but nothing new. Would not have warranted entry in this Bibliography except that one would have expected better from the prestigious military publisher. Gannon is an American journalist and this is his first book. REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.28, No.1 (Jan 2004). FIELDS: 1-Star/HUMINT/Cryptology/Lying/
Garcia, Frank (1927-1993) iiii Marked Cards and Loaded Dice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1962, 274pp. LOC: BW. Reprinted with deleted bibliography and an added chapter as How to Detect Crooked Gambling: Marked Cards and Loaded Dice. New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc., 1977, 276pp. A generally reliable guide. See also Evans (1865), Erdnase (1902), Villiod (1906), Radner (1957), Ortiz (1984), and Whaley, Gardner, Busby (1991). Garcia was a widely-known New York close-up magician. FIELDS: 4-Star/Games/
Gardner, Julian W. (1958- ), and Jehuda Yinon (editors) ii Electronic Noses & Sensors for the Detection of Explosives. Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xvii+308pp. LOC: Congress; CalTech; Colorado State U; British L; U of Hong Kong. This collection of 19 articles by 43 contributors is the published proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Electronic Noses & Sensors for the Detection of Explosives that had been held in Warwick, England, 30 Sep-3 Oct 2003. See also Yinon (1999) and Schubert & Kuznetsov (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Sensors/
Gardner, Martin (1914- ) ii Why the long arm of coincidence is usually not as long as It seems, Scientific American, Vol.227, No.4 (Oct 1972), 111-112, 112B. Explains why coincidences, including a passing reference to Milgrams Small World problem, are much more common than widely believed. Mr. Gardner, a prominent American literary, conjuring, and puzzle expert, is a national treasure. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Networks/
iii "Magicians in the Psi Lab: Many Misconceptions," Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.8, No.2 (1985), 111-116. Reprinted in Martin Gardner, The Unexpected Hanging (Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1991), 2531. On conjurers as the best detectors of paranormal fakery. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Magic/
ii The New Age: Notes of a Fringe-Watcher. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988, 273pp. Reprinted updates of his first 19 columns from the Skeptical Inquirer plus 14 reviews from various journals. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psi/
iii How Not to Test a Psychic: Ten Years of Remarkable Experiments with Renowned Clairvoyant Pavel Stepanek. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1989, 264pp. An exemplary secondary analysis of the numerous experiments from 1961 through 1971 to test the alleged ESP capabilities of Stepanek (born 1931) in his native Czechoslovakia and the USA. Gardner concludes that their design and execution failed to adequately protect against deception. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Psi/Biography/
Whaley, Gardner, & Busby (1991) Stein (1993)
Garthoff, Raymond L. (1929- ) ii On Estimating and Imputing Intentions, International Security, Vol.2, Vol.3 (Winter 1978), 22-32. LOC: NPS. Garthoffs list of the 10 most common fallacies that US intelligence made about the USSR during the Cold War. This list, suitably modified, was extended to the generally naive post-9/11 US views of international terrorists by Hastedt (2005). Dr. Garthoff (1951 Yale PhD in International Relations, specifically Russian Studies) was then US Ambassador to Bulgaria 1977-79. Born in Cairo, Egypt, of American parents, hed studied at Priceton and Yale 1945-50. Next a research analyst at RAND 1950-57, during which time he published his influential Soviet Military Doctrine (1953). Then with the CIAs Office of National Estimates 1957-61 (while under cover as a DOD Foreign Affairs Adviser). Then a foreign service officer with the US State Department 1961-80. And finally a senior fellow at Brookings 1980-94. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/
Gat, Azar (1959- ) iii Liddell Harts Theory of Armoured Warfare: Revising the Revisionists, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.19, No.1 (Mar 1996), 1-30. LOC: NPS. Shows that Liddell Hart, as he claimed and contrary to the anti-Liddell Hart claque, did present his notions of deep-penetration armored warfare before WW II, indeed in the period 1927-34. Gat proves his case by citing the newspaper articles Liddell Hart wrote at the time for The Daily Telegraph in covering the various summer field exercises of Britains mechanized brigade. These articles were not only overlooked by Liddell Harts critics but even forgotten by their author. Gat traces (p.7) Liddell Harts famous indirect approach phrase to a Daily Telegraph article of 1928. See also Handel (2001).
Dr. Gat is a1986 DPhil from Oxford where he studied under Prof. Michael Howard, An Israeli sabra and a reserve major in the Israeli Army, At the time of writing this article Dr. Gat was a Senior Lecturer (now Professor) in Tel Aviv Universitys Department of Political Science. FIELDS: 3-Star/Military/Biography/
ii A History of Military Thought from the Enlightenment to the Cold War. London: Oxford University Press, 2001, xiii+890pp. LOC: BW3; NPS; US Naval Academy. A 2-volume Hebrew translation had appeared in 2000. The best modern survey. Seriously flawed by Gats general downplaying of the element of surprise and specifically his complete overlooking of the role of deception in the writings of Machiavelli and Liddell Hart. Ill-served by a nearly worthless index and a chopped and scattered bibliography. Reprints in one volume Gats famous trilogy, which was originally published in 1989, 1992, and 1998. REV: Frederic Labarre in Canadian Military Journal, Vol.3, No.3 (Autumn 2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/Asymmetry/
Gawande, Atul (ca.1968- ) iiii Complications: A Surgeons Notes on an Imperfect Science. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2002, x+269. LOC: BW. Medical detection at its clinical and theoretical best and presented with a keen feel for language. Drawn mainly from the authors own experience and observation but always closely supported by his extensive readings on the theory of errors. See also Rouech (1980), Sacks (1987), Rosenthal (1999), and Wachter & Shojania (2004). Dr. Gawande (MA, Oxford; and MD, Harvard Medical School) is a surgical resident at Harvards prestigious teaching hospital, Brigham and Womens Hospital. The son of two physicians, he was raised in Ohio. REV: Sherwin B. Nuland, Whoops!, New York Review of Books (18 Jul 2002), 1013, gives a enthusiastic and largely confirming review. FIELDS: 4-Star/Medicine/Biography/
Gawne, Jonathan iii Ghosts of the ETO: American Tactical Deception Units in the European Theater, 19441945. Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2002, x+342pp. LOC: NPS; National Defense U; Air U; Oxford. On the US Armys 23rd Hq Special Troops. Most detailed book on the subject, comprehensive except that the author doesnt look on the other side of the hill to discover how all this flim-flam was being perceived by the enemy. See also Official History 23rd (1945), Whaley (21 Oct 1987), Wilson (2001), Gerard (2002), and Kneece (2002). Gawne is an American military historian. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/USA/
Geberth, Vernon J. i Practical Homicide Investigation: Tactics, Procedures, and Forensic Techniques. 3rd edition, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1996, xlv+901pp. Foreword by Pierce R. Brooks. A sleep-inducing nuts-and-bolts textbook. The 1st edition had been published in 1983. By an ex-NYPD detective and lieutenant commander, homicide & forensic consultant, and editor of the Elsevier and its successor CRC forensic series. Superceded by Innes (2003) and Corwin (2003). FIELDS: 1-Star/Investigations/
Gediman, Helen K. (1931- ), and Janice S. Lieberman ii The Many Faces of Deceit: Omissions, Lies, and Disguise in Psychotherapy. Norvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, Inc., 1996, xiii+258pp. Drs. Gediman and Lieberman are New York psychotherapists and psychoanalysts. After nearly a decade of research they concluded that many patients deliberately deceive their therapists in order to maintain control over their therapy. They further concluded that most therapists unwittingly accept, encourage, and connive at this dysfunctional process. The authors trace the cause to the SOP tendency of therapists to make a willing suspension of disbelief. They recommend that therapists should balance this gullibility with an assumption of a measured degree of disbelief. (This is the same sensible paranoia-countering formula I proposed for intelligence analysts thirty years ago.) The authors also address the not uncommon presence of impostorous trainee analysts who dupe their supervisors in order to be approved as psychoanalysts. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/Psycotherapy/
Gehrke, Charles W., Robert L. Wixom, and Ernst Bayer (editors) ii chromatography: a century of discovery 1900-2000: the bridge to the sciences/technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001, xxix+709pp. LOC: Congress; U of Idaho. 15 chapters by more than 60 specialists, including two clusters of students. Gehrke & Wixom were American former professors of biochemistry and Bayer was a German chemistry professor. FIELDS: 2-Star/TECHINT/Sensors/
Geis, Florence (ca.1933-1993) SEE: Christie & Geis (1968 & 1970) Geiselman, R. Edward SEE: Fisher & Geiselman (1992) Gell-Mann, Murray (1929- ) i The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1995, 392pp. Intellectual explorations of the American 1969 Nobel theoretical physicist. See particularly his essay on creative thinking on pp.261-273. Gell-Mann too easily drifts beyond his own areas of scientific specialty. FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/Biography/
Geller, A. Neal i Internal Control: A Fraud-Prevention Handbook for Hotel and Restaurant Managers. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1991, xv+266pp. Dr. Geller, a Professor at Cornells School of Hotel Administration, gives the accounting and administrative controls needed to prevent fraud and embezzlement in hotels. Stresses preventive measures. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fraud/
Geller, Boris, Joseph Almog, Pierre Margot, and Eliot Springer iii A Chronological Review of Fingerprint Forgery, Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol.44, No.5 (1999), 963-968. LOC: BW (copy). Drs. Geller and Almog are criminalists with the Israeli National Police. Dr. Margot is a criminalist at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Fingerprints/ID/
________, Joseph Almog, and Pierre Margot ii Fingerprint ForgeryA Survey, Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol.46, No.3 (2001), 731733. LOC: BW (copy) FIELDS: Geller, Uri (1946- ) SEE UNDER: 2-Star/Fingerprints/ID/
Randi (1975)
George, Alexander L. (1920- ) ii Propaganda Analysis: A Study of Inferences Made from Nazi Propaganda in World War II. Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson and Co., 1959, 287pp. (A RAND Corporation Research Study.) LOC: NPS. Classic study of content analysis as successfully applied to political-military intelligence problems. George concluded that expert content analysts who looked for anomalies were more effective than number-crunching analysts. However, as Ithiel de Sola Pool (1969), 213, noted George was pitting a clumsy and now outmoded content analysis technique against the intuitive skill of the analyst. See also Lasswell (1927) and Pool (1960). Dr. George (Chicago PhD in Political Science) was a researcher at The RAND Corporation 1948-68. Thence at Stanford as a professor of international relations until emerited. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Summer 1959. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 2-Star/PSYOPS/Logic/ 603/
________, and Richard Smoke i Deterrence in American Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, xiii+666pp. LOC: Oxford. Won the 1975 Bancroft Prize. See particularly pp.567-587 for deception. Smoke, then a research psychologist, was subsequently a Professor of Political Science at Brown University. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deterrence/
________ i Warning And Response: Theory And Practice, in Evron (1979), 12-24. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/
________ iii Case Studies and Theory Development: The Method of Structured, Focused Comparison, in Paul Gordon Lauren (editor), Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory, and Policy (New York: Free Press, 1979, 43-68. LOC: BW (copy). Judged the best piece on this topic by NPS Prof. David Tucker. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Logic/ CLASSES: 603/
Gephart, Emily i Hidden Talents: The Camouflage Paintings of Abbot[t] Handerson Thayer, Cabinet, Issue 4 (Fall 2001). LOC: BW (copy). A bio sketch of American pioneer camoufleur Abbott Thayer (1849-1921). See also Thayer (1896 & 1918) and Behrens (1981). FIELDS: 1-Star/Camouflage/Painting/Biography/
Geradts, Zeno (1967- ) iiii Content-Based Information Retrieval from Forensic Image Databases. Utrecht, Holland: University of Utrecht, 2002, 148pp. LOC: Internet, http://forensic.to/Dissertation.pdf. A comprehensive and detailed monograph. This is Dr. Geradtss 2002 PhD dissertation. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/IMINT/
________, Jurrien Bijhold iii Overview of Pattern recognition and image processing in forensic science, Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.1, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2000). LOC: BW (copy). Presents a wide-range of examples of camera & video surveillance techniques used in police work. The co-authors were then with the Netherlands Forensic Institute. FIELDS: 3-Star/IMINT/
Gerard, Alexander (1728-1795) iii An Essay on Taste. London: A. Millar, 1759, iii+314. Includes (pp.209-314) other essays on taste by Voltaire, DAlembert, and Montesquieu. Facsimile reprinted 1971 (Scolar Press). LOC: U of North Carolina. An early but surprisingly modern exposition of Incongruity Theory as it relates to both humor (pp.66-73) and genius (pp.173-180). Dr. Gerard, himself a precocious genius, was a minor Scottish writer. This essay won the Edinburgh Societys 1756 Gold Medal. See also Hazlitt (1819). FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Gerard, Philip ii Secret Soldiers: The Story of World War IIs Heroic Army of Deception. New York: Dutton, 2002, xv+400pp. LOC: BW; NPS; National Defense U; Marine Corps U. Despite the weak title and silly subtitle, a detailed unit history of the U.S. Navys development of the Beach Jumpers under Lt. Cmdr. Doug Fairbanks Jr. and the Armys 23rd Headquarters Special Troops and 3133rd Sonic Deception Company. See also Official History 23rd (1945), Whaley (21 Oct 1987), Mendelsohn (1989b); Kneese (2001), Wilson (2001), and Gawne (2002). Gerard is an American TV documentary writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/USA/
Gerasimov, Mikhail (1907-1970) ii The Face Finder. London: Hutchinson, 1971, xxiii+199pp; Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1971, xxiii+199pp. Translated from the 1968 German edition by Alan Houghton Brodrick. LOC: U of Tampa. Autobiography of the Soviet anthropologist who invented the techniques for more-or-less recreating the faces of people from their skulls. Became world-famous for reconstructing the faces of Tamerlane, Ivan the Terrible, Schiller as well as of some murder victims. However, as later studies have shown, these reconstructions are, except by chance, never more than approximations Gerasimov tending to sculpt the specific features he wanted to find. See also Joyce & Stover (1991) and Prag & Neave (1997). Gerasimov was the model for the character of Andreev in Martin Cruz Smiths best-selling detective novel, Gorky Park (1981). FIELDS: 2-Star/Anthropology/Biography/
Gerschlager, Caroline ii Adam Smiths social deception, individual deception and institutions, draft, Aug 2003, 17pp. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Drawing on Adam Smiths Theory of Moral Sentiments, Gerschlinger recommends further developing her hypothesis that deception is inevitable in the social setting and thus also key to understanding economic exchange. Demonstrates that modern economists tend to believe that modern institutions are barriers to deceptive behaviors, which they assume are inefficient, hindering exchange and ultimately making it impossible. Conversely, Smith viewed deception and self-deception as essential to understanding economic exchange. She presented this paper Nov 2003 in Maastricht at the EAEPE Conference. Dr. Gerschlager is a Lecturer in Economics at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration where shed been since 1991. She has been publishing since 1996 on deception and self-deception in the economic marketplace. FIELDS: 2-Star/Economics/Self-deception/
________ (editor) iii Deception in Markets: An Economic Analysis. New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2005, xii+367pp. LOC: BW3; UC-Irvine. A collection of 12 articles by 14 international scholars from diverse disciplines writing on various deceptions in the marketplace and self-deception in human relations. FIELDS: 3-Star/Economics/
Gerwehr, Scott (1968- ), and Russell W. Glenn iiii Unweaving the Web: Deception and Adaptation in Future Urban Operations. Santa Monica: RAND Arroyo Center, 2002, xx+78pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Marine Corps U; FBI Academy. Useful study. An elaboration and refinement of the authorss The Art of Darkness: Deception and Urban Operations (Santa Monica: RAND, 2000, xviii+70pp). Gerwehr, RANDs current specialist in deception, is a social psychologist. Glenn is a retired US Army colonel specialized in urban warfare. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Deception/Military/Zoology/ 603/
Ghetti, Simona, Jennifer M. Schaaf, Jianhan Qin, Gail S. Goodman iii Issues in Eyewitness Testimony, in ODonohue & Levensky (2004), 513-554. Surveys the literature to find the conditions under which eyewitness evidence can be accurate and reliable. Attorney General Janet Renos support of the Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence recently (1999) produced for the first time a standard and useful guide for these conditions. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL-collection/
Gibson, Walter B. (1897-1985) ii The Bunco Book. Philadelphia: 1927, 114pp. Reprinted 1946. PB reprint1986. Examination of one field of deception by a master of anotherconjuring. Outlines 73 specific bunco scams. See also Norfleet (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Maurer (1955), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Carey & Sherman (1976), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), and Marlock (2001). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Con/
Radner (1957)
Gigerenzer, Gerd (1947- ) iii Smart Heuristics, Edge [www.edge.org], 31 Mar 2003, 9pp. LOC: http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/gigerenzer03/gigerenzer_print.html. Dr. Gigerenzer (1977 PhD in psychology from Munich U) was a professor of psychology at the U of Chicago 1992-95 and now, since 1997, Director of the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Munich. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/
________, and Klaus Hug ii "Domain-specific reasoning: Social contracts, cheating, and perspective change," Cognition, Vol.43 (1992), 127-171. LOC: BW (copy). Replicates Cosmides work on social contract theory. See Cosmides & Tooby (1997), 159. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cheating/
________, & Ulrich Hoffrage iii How to Improve Bayesian Reasoning Without Instruction: Frequency Formats, Psychological Review, Vol.102, No.4 (1995), 684-704. LOC: BW (copy). Concludes that Bayesian reasoning isnt necessarily counter-intuitive. Specifically, our brains are predisposed to make Bayesian inferences if the problem is stated in simple frequency-category terms. Dr. Hoffrage (1995 D.Phil, Salzburg), now a professor at Lausanne, was then a research assistant of Gigerenzer. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Statistics/Bayes/
________, David J. Murray ii Cognition as Intuitive Statistics. Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1987, xiii+214pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. Interesting point of view. Prof. Murray, a psychologist, was at Queens University, Canada. FIELDS: 2-Star/Intuition/Statistics/
________, and R[einhard] Selten (1930- ) (editors) iii Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2001, xv+377pp. LOC: CalStateU-Long Beach. 19 articles by 35 authorities providing a fine update and refinement of Herbert Simons bounded rationality theory, giving an optimistic take on human ability to deal with Bayesian analysis in contrast to Kahneman & Tverskys pessimistic view. Dr. Selten, a German-Jewish mathematician & economist, shared (with Harsanyi & Nash) the 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Statistics/Bayes/
________, Peter M. Todd, and the ABC Research Group iiii Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, xv+416pp. LOC: BW3; NPS. A collection of 16 articles. Dr. Todd (1992 PhD in psychology from Stanford) was at the Max Plank Institute in Germany at the time of writing. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Logic/ CLASSES: 603/
Gilbert, Anne (1927- ) iii How to be an Antiques Detective. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1978, 179pp. LOC: NYU; Glendale PL. Some useful tips and guidelines. The author was an American writer on the antiques market. FIELDS: 3-Star/Antiques/
Giles, Herbert A. (1845-1935) SEE UNDER: Lan (1729) Sung (13th Century) Gilovich, Thomas iii How We Know What Isnt So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life. New York: The Free Press, 1991, vii+216pp. LOC: BW3; Oxford. On the role of irrationality in our perceptions. Highly regarded by Martin Gardner.
Dr. Gilovich (1981 Stanford PhD in Psychology) is a professor of social psychology at Cornell. FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/
________, Dale Griffin, Daniel Kahneman (editors) iiii Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, xvi+857pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford. On judgment under uncertainty. A collection of 42 papers by 73 specialists, all stimulated by the Kahneman & Tversky 1970s heuristics & biases theoretical solution to this problem. Co-editor Griffen is in the Department of Commerce at the University of British Columbia and co-editor Kahneman was the Nobel psychologist at Princeton. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Intuition/ CLASSES: 603/
Ginzburg, Carlo (1939- ) ii Morelli, Freud and Sherlock Holmes: Clues and Scientific Method, History Workshop: a journal of socialist historians, Issue 9 (Oxford: Spring 1980), 5-36. Translated by Anna Davin. Reprinted in Eco & Sebeok (1983), 81-118. Ginzburg, an Italian Marxist historian, originally published this article in Italian in 1979. See also Spector (1969). FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/
Giovannelli, Laura (1966- ) i Falsi dautore: Percy, Macpherson, Chatterton. Pisa: Edizioni ETS, 2001, 280pp. LOC: Congress; U of Arizona. On the literary forgeries of Percy, Macpherson, and Chatterton. Giovannelli was in the English Department at the University of Pisa. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
Giskes, H. J. (1896- ) iii London Calling North Pole. London: William Kimber, 1953, vi+208pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; San Diego PL. Also in PB. WW II memoirs of German Abwehr Lieutenant-Colonel Hermann Giskes, particularly of the Nordpol cat-and-mouse radio deception game he ran against British SOE operations in Holland. CIA Director Dulles rated this a superb model of how to conduct counterintelligence operations. Includes an Epilogue (pp.175-200) by H. M. G. Lauwers, a Dutch SOE agent who survived the trap. See also Marks (1999); and Kahn (1997 revision), 531-538. REV: Constantinides (1983), 211-212. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/Counterintel/ CLASSES: 600/
Gitter, A. George (1926- ) iii Hypocrisy as a Way of Life. 2 vols., n.p.: 1963, multilithed. LOC: The American University, Washington, D.C. Unpublished empirical study of petty lies in everyday life. This seminal work was the Polish-born author's 1964 doctoral dissertation in sociology at The American University, Washington, D.C. Later, as Professor of Social Psychology at Boston University in the 1960s and 70s, Gitter pioneered in the study of non-verbal communications (body language"). Because it made me aware of the general pervasiveness of deceit in various disguises, this was a crucial book in the development of my own thinking about deception. See also Goffman (1959), Walk (1970), Nyberg (1993), and W. I. Miller (2003). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Lying/Hypocrisy/
Gladwell, Malcolm (1963- ) i The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2002 revision, 301pp. LOC: BW. A best-selling study of social epidemiology originally published in 2000. A somewhat more scholarly effort that covers much of the same ground is Ball (2004). Thin but highly readable, I recommend it as an entry-level book on its important subject. Gladwell, a former science writer, was born in Britain and raised in Canada. FIELDS: 1-Star/Epidemiology/
i The Naked Face: Can you read peoples thoughts just by looking at them?, The New Yorker, Vol.78, No.22 (5 Aug 2002), 38-49. A report on Paul Ekmans Diogenes Project, his study of facial expressions and what they communicate. While reporting Ekmans research and findings with enthusiasm, the writer does Ekman a major disservice by failing to give any description of Ekmans sampling procedures so that we might judge the validity of his findings, which are actually fairly solid. See also Ekman & Friesen (1975), Ekman (1985), and Ekman & Rosenberg (1997). Gladwell is a New Yorker staff writer. FIELDS: 1-Star/Perception/Lying/ ii Connecting the Dots: The paradoxes of intelligence reform, The New Yorker. (10 Mar 2003), 83-88. LOC: BW3 (copy); Internet. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
ii The Picture Problem: Mammography, air power, and the limits of looking, The New Yorker (13 Dec 2004). LOC: BW (copy); Internet. On the current limitations on imagery interpretation in medical and military contexts. FIELDS: 2-Star/IMINT/
ii Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking. New York: Little, Brown and Co., 2005, viii+277pp. LOC: BW. On decision-making by intuitive judgment. Gladwells second run-away best-seller. Gladwell proves again that hes a world-class pop writernamely, a quick study who reads a couple of books, interviews two or three experts, and then concocts an original and breathless interpretation. Gladwell is a brilliant fellow who could easily write books twice as good, if only he were prepared to take twice the time and make a tenth the money. REV: Halpern (2005) gives a fine critique that points out the weaknesses. FIELDS: 2-Star/Intuition/
Glaister, John (1892-1971) ii Final Diagnosis. London: Hutchinson, 1964, 223pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Memoirs of a Scottish physician who served with great distinction as Professor of Forensic Medicine at the University of Glasgow. American popular detective-story writer Erle Stanley Gardner acknowledged Glaisters books as a major fact source for some of his Perry Mason mysteries. See also Smith (1959). FIELDS: 2-Star/Medicine/Biography/
Glantz, David M. iii Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War. London: Frank Cass, 1989, xl+644pp. Preface by Michael I. Handel. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; Syracuse U. A comprehensive and detailed account of the development of deception theory and practice in Soviet Russia. An elaboration of Glantzs previous paper, The Red Mask: The Nature and Legacy of Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War, in Handel (1987), 175-259. Glantz is the top Western expert on the Red Army in WW II, averaging a book a year on the subject between 1983 and 2003. A 1963 VMI graduate in history, he retired in 1993 as a US Army colonel. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/602/ 3-Star/Deception/Russia/
i Barbarossa: Hitlers Invasion of Russia, 1941. Stroud, Eng.: Tempus, 2001, 256pp LOC: NPS See also Whaley (1973); Fugate (1984), Barros & Gregor (1995), and Gorodetsky (1999). FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Surprise/Germany/Russia/
ii The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945: August Storm. London: Frank Cass, 2003, xxviii+451pp. LOC: NPS. An elaboration of Despres, Dzirkals, & Whaley (1976) and Glanzs own previous study: August Storm: Soviet Tactical and Operational Combat in Manchuria, 1945. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, 1983, xii+205pp. Published as Leavenworth Papers No.8". Glantz makes the interesting observation (pp.xix, xx) that the American Desert Storm operation against Iraq in 1991 took both its name (rather than the originally intended Desert Sword) and inspiration, concrete guidance, and a virtual model as a result of the planning team that went to the Gulf from Fort Leavenworths School of Advanced Military Studies where they had previously studied the Manchurian case in detail. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Russia/
Glaser, Lynn ii Counterfeiting in America: the history of an american way to wealth. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., 1968, 274pp. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento. Anecdotes from colonial to modern times. Of special interest because the author, an antique documents dealer, had been operating as his own cut-rate wholesaler until his first arrest in 1974 for acquiring key parts of his stock by theft from libraries. FIELDS: 2-Star/Currency/
Gleick, James (1954- ) i Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman. New York: Pantheon Books, 1992, x+531pp. A satisfactory biography of outstanding American physicist Richard Feynman (19181988). But must be read together with other books on and by him to fully appreciate this maverick detective and intelligencer. See also Feynman (1976, 1985, 1988) and Sykes (1994). FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
Goddard, Henry (1800-1883) i Memoirs of a Bow Street Runner. London: Museum Press, 1956, xxxi+253pp; New York: William Morrow and Company, no date [1957], xxxi+253pp. Interesting account of early British detective work. Goddard was a Bow Street Runner 1824-39 and then a private detective. Authenticity is established in Patrick Pringles fine Introduction. FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
Godfrey, Admiral John Henry (1888-1971) SEE: Beesly (1980) SEE UNDER: McLachlan (1968)
Godley, John [Lord Kilbracken] (1920- ) ii The Master Forger: The Story of Han van Meegeren. New York: Wilfred Funk, Inc., [1950], 223pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; MOMA; Oxford. Also in German translation. A detailed English-language biography of Henricus Antonius "Han" Van Meegeren (18891947) and the detection of his forged paintings. I have chosen this book as representative of the better among the many studies of Van Meegeren and his forgeries. John Raymond Godley inherited his Anglo-Irish peerage in 1950 to become the 3rd Baron Kilbracken. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/Biography/
Godson, Roy (1942- ) ________ (editor) ii Intelligence Requirements for the 1980's: Vol. III: Counterintelligence. Washington, DC: National Strategy Information Center, 1980, ix+339pp. LOC: BW. A collection of 9 papers that originated with the Colloquium on Counterintelligence, Washington, DC, 24-26 Apr 1980. Edited by Dr. Roy Godson. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterintel/
________ (editor) ii Intelligence Requirements for the 1980's: Clandestine Collection (Washington, DC: National Strategy Information Center, Inc., 1982), x+232pp. LOC: NPS. Collection of 6 papers originally presented at the Colloquium on Clandestine Collection on 30-31 Oct 1981 in Washington, DC. Hosted by the Consortium for the Study of Intelligence. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-collection/ ________ ii Dirty Tricks or Trump Cards: U.S. Covert Action and Counterintelligence. Washington: Brasseys, 1995, xiii+337pp. LOC: BW; NPS. Includes a section on Counterdeception Analysis (pp.192-195). Dr. Godson, a Professor of Government at Georgetown U, is a leading American expert on intelligence studies and founder-director and president in Washington, DC, of the National Strategy Information Center. REV: Lawrence B. Sulc in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.9, No.1 (1998), 123-129. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterdeception/Counterintel/
________, Ernest R. May (1928- ), and Gary Schmitt ii U.S. Intelligence at the Crossroads: Agendas for Reform. Washington, DC: Brasseys, 1995, x+314pp. LOC: NPS. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/USA/
________, & James J. Wirtz (1958- ) (editors) i Strategic Denial and Deception, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.13, No.4 (Winter 2000), 424-437. LOC: NPS. Reprinted verbatim in Godson & Wirtz (2002), 1-14. An overview. Revision of a paper presented by the authors in Los Angeles at the 14-18 Mar 2000 annual meeting of the International Studies Association. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/
________, & ________ (editors) ii Strategic Denial and Deception: The Twenty-First Century Challenge. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2002, 256pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Marine Corps U; Stanford; LSE. A collection of the 9 papers originally presented at a conference at Georgetown University in 1999. REV: Jeffrey T. Richelson in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.1 (Spring 2003), 131-139. Concludes rather nastily, that this collection may benefit those unfamiliar with historical cases, but someone looking for a guide to the future will be surely disappointed. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Deception/
Shultz & Godson (1984) Bittman (1985) Jaubert (1986)
Goel, Vinod, and Raymond J. Dolan iii "The functional anatomy of humor: segregating cognitive and affective components," Nature Neuroscience, Vol.4, No.3 (Mar 2001), 237-238. LOC: BW (copy). An important contribution to humor theory. See also Brownell (1983) and Shammi & Stuss (1999). Dr. Goel (PhD in cognitive science from Berkeley) is a Professor of Psychology at York University in Toronto. Dr. Dolan is with the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine in London. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Goff, M. Lee ii A Fly for the Prosecution: How Insect Evidence Helps Solve Crimes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000, 225pp. LOC: BW. Dr. Goff is a noted American forensic entomologist at the University of Hawaii. See also Erzinolu (2000), Byrd & Castner (2001), and Greenberg & Kunich (2002). REV: A. A. In his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.2, No.1 (Jan-Jun 2000). Highly recommended to all. FIELDS: 2-Star/Entomology/
Goffman, Erving (1922-1982) iii On Cooling the Mark Out, Psychiatry, Vol.15 (1952), 451-463. On the con artists version of the magicians out. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Con/
iiii The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday-Anchor, 1959, 259pp. Major study on role-playing with emphasis on deception (misrepresentation). A socialpsych classic by the most truly Machiavellian of sociologists. Highly recommended by George Gitter. Note that his clever application of theatrical jargon to interpersonal relations was anticipated by nine years by Henry Hay, The Amateur Magician's Handbook (New York: Crowell, 1950). Originally published in 1956 as a monograph of the Social Sciences Research Centre at the University of Edinburgh. Also see Goffmans Frame Analysis (1974), Gitter (1963), Wolk (1970), and W. I. Miller (2003). Dr. Goffman was a Canadian with a 1953 PhD from the University of Chicago. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/603/ 4-Star/Deception/
ii Strategic Interaction. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969, 145pp. Two connected essays on strategic interaction, a poor term by which Goffman means the games people play face-to-face. Better, I suggest, would have been interpersonal strategies. See also Berne (1964). FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
Goldberg, Elkhonon (1947- ) iii The Executive Brain: Frontal Lobes and the Civilized Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, xix+251pp. Foreword by Oliver Sacks. A clear exposition of our frontal lobes as the monitors, coordinators, and directors of thinking, accounting for much of what we call creativity and empathy. Proposed that the right brain is best at perceiving new situations. See also Eysenck (1995).
Latvian neuropsychologist Dr. Elkhonon Nick Goldberg was a student (197073) and leading disciple of the late great Russian psychologist, Alexandr R. Luria. Fled the Soviet Union in 1973 and took his PhD in 1976 from CUNY. He is now Clinical Professor of Neurology at NYU. FIELDS: 3-Star/Creativity/Empathy/
iiii The Wisdom Paradox: How Your Mind Can Grow Stronger As Your Brain Grows Older. New York: Gotham Books, 2005, viii+362pp. LOC: BW. Goldbergs two main conclusions are 1) With age short-term memory declines while long-term memory specifically the intuitive (unconscious) pattern-recognition recall that the author calls wisdom improves. 2) The brains right lobe specializes in perceiving new sensory inputs and organizing these into patterns (short term memory) and then storing these in long-term memory in the left lobe. I see this last conclusion as a brilliant link with Shannons signals-vs-redundancy notion. See also Hogarth (2001). REV: Halpern (2005). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Intuition/
Goldberg, M. Hirsh i The Book of Lies: Schemes, Scams, Fakes, and Frauds That Have Changed the Course of History and Affect Our Daily Lives. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990, 269pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW. Popular, amusing, and generally accurate but with few referenced sources. See also Kerr (1990). Author Goldberg was an American freelance writer on popular social issues. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/Fraud/
Goldhamer, Herbert (1907-1977) ________, and Andrew W. Marshall (1921- ) i Psychosis and Civilization: Two Studies in the Frequency of Mental Disease. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1953, 126pp. LOC: NPS. Pioneering statistical studies completed in 1949 which concluded (p.11) that there has been no increase in the frequency of the psychoses during the past one hundred years. Highly controversial because this finding was so stunningly at odds with the then conventional wisdom. Goldhamer, a psychologist, was in the Social Science Division at The RAND Corporation where his mentor was Nathan Leites. Goldhamer had been the only civilian with the UN Command team negotiating the Korean War armistice in 1951. Marshall, Goldhamers protg at RAND, was then at the threshold of his extraordinarily influential and efficient career at RAND and since 1973 in the DOD as Director of Net Assessment. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/
________, Hans Speier (1905-1990) ii Some Observations on Political Gaming, World Politics, Vol.12, No.1 (Oct 1959), 71-83. In 1955 Goldhamer and his colleague at The RAND Corporation, Hans Speier, introduced the role-playing technique to the old method of war gaming. This landmark paper was their first public report, highly sanitized for security reasons. REF: Allen (1987), 148-150, 313, 320. Dr. Speier was a psychologist who headed RANDs Social Science Division. FIELDS: 2-Star/Gaming/
ii The Adviser. New York: Elsevier, 1978, x+195pp. LOC: NPS. A cross-cultural look at the types and ways that advice is given by advisers to their political leaders. See particularly Chapter 5 (Decision Making and the Adviser, 120179) for the Analytic and Intuitive types of analysis. Published after the authors death by his widow, Joan Goldhamer with minor editing. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cultures/Intuition/
iii Reality and Belief in Military Affairs: A First Draft (June 1977). Santa Monica: Rand, Feb 1979, x+196pp. Foreword by Andrew W. Marshall. Published as RAND Report R-2448-NA. Prepared for the Director of Net Assessment. LOC: BW3 (copy); CalState College-San Bernardino; Internet. See particularly Chapter 3 (Manipulation and Deception, pp.100-123), which includes several interesting and important cross-cultural examples. FIELDS: 3-Star/Cultures/
Goldsmith, Robert P., and Ralph F. Gerenz "Techniques for Detecting Cover and Deception. Betac Corporation, 76 Treble Cove Road, Billerica, MA 01862, [around 1983]. LOC: Ive been unable to locate this seemingly relevant monograph. FIELDS: ?-Star/Counterdeception/
Goldstein, Jeffrey H. (1942- ), and Paul E. McGhee (editors) ii The Psychology of Humor: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Issues. New York: Academic Press, 1972, xxi+294pp. Foreword by H. J. Eysenck. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Golitsyn, Anatoliy (1926- ) New Lies for Old: The Communist Strategy of Deception and Disinformation. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1984, 412pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; FBI Academy. I include this strange book as a cautionary tale of how paranoia can distort analysis. Golitsyns wilder fantasies included his beliefs that the Sino-Soviet split and Perestroika were deception operations designed to lull the West. Although no hard evidence for any
of this nonsense existed, much of it was accepted and acted upon for years by CIA Counterintelligence Chief Angleton and through him such writers as Epstein (1989). See particularly Heuer (1987). Major Golitsyn had been a KGB counterintelligence officer from 1946 to 1961 when he defected from his post in Finland. REV: Pforzheimer ((1985), 33. A cautionary appraisal. FIELDS: 0-Star/Counterintel/
Gombrich, E[rnst] H[ans] (1909-2001) ii Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation. 2nd edition, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961, xxxi+466pp. Reprinted 1972. A landmark theory of painting, based on Sir Ernsts 1956 Mellon Lecture and first published by him in 1960. After Hitlers takeover of his country, Austria, Gombrich, a Jew, escaped to Britain where he became a distinguished art historian. REV: An important critical review is Wollheim (1974), 261-289. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/
ii Meditations on a Hobby Horse and Other Essays on the Theory of Art. London: Phaidon Press, 1963, xii+184pp. A collection of 14 of the author's essays, of which the most relevant here are the first ("Meditations on a Hobby Horse") and the last ("Illusion and Visual Deadlock"). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Art/
Gregory & Gombrich (1973)
Gonzalez-Crussi, F[rank] (1936- ) i Three Forms of Sudden Death and Other Reflections on the Grandeur and Misery of the Body. New York: Harper & Row, 1986, 209pp. A collection of 10 essays by the distinguished Mexican-American professor of pathology. FIELDS: 1-Star/Medicine/
Gooch, John (1945- ), and Amos Perlmutter (ca.1932-2001) (editors) iiii Military Deception and Strategic Surprise. London: Frank Cass, 1982, 192pp. A special Issue of The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.5, No.1 (Mar 1982). LOC: BW; NPS; Marine Corps U; Oxford; Australian Defence Force Academy. A collection of six articles on the subject, all important. These are separately described as Whaley (1982a), Mihalka (1982), Stein (1982), Handel (1982), Daniel & Herbig (1982), and Whaley (1982b).
The editors are military specialists, Gooch a British expert and the late Dr. Perlmutter (Berkeley PhD) a professor of political science and sociology since 1972 at American University, Washington, DC. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Vol.27 (Summer 1983), 102-103. FIELDS: 4-Star/Deception/Surprise/
Goodrich, David L. (1930- ) ii Art Fakes in America. New York: The Viking Press, 1973, 246pp. LOC: BW; MOMA. A worthwhile overview. Author is an American freelance writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Gopnik, Alison (1955- ), and Andrew N. Meltzoff (1950- ) ii Words, Thoughts, and Theories. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1997, xvi+268pp. LOC: BW. Presents the authors theory of the way children evolve theories of how their world works. Drs. Gopnik and Meltzoff are research cognitive and developmental psychologists at UC-Berkeley. FIELDS: 2-Star/Children/
________, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Patricia K. Kuhl (1946- ) iii The Scientist in the Crib: Minds, Brains, and How Children Learn. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1999, xi+279pp. A popularized expansion and up-date of the previous book, which can most profitably be read together. Gives a clear and well-documented theory of which cognitive tools children are born with and how they use those tools in learning to become independent adults. Dr. Kuhl is a child development psychologist at the U of Washington. REV: Jerome Bruner, "Tot Thought," New York Review of Books (9 Mar 2000), 27-30, is an important review. FIELDS: 3-Star/Children/
Gordon, William J. J. ii Synectics: The Development of Creative Capacity. New York: Harper & Row, 1961, 180pp. Stresses the importance to creativity of the joining together of different and apparently irrelevant elements, which he defines as synectics. One of the better self-help type books in the ever-popular and glutted creativity field, although one is entitled to suspect an element of charlatanism if not downright plagiarism from the fact that despite referencing over 350 sources Gordon omits his main and most similar competitor, Osborns Your Creative Power (1948 & 1953). Critiques are in Perkins (1981 & 2000). The author, an American businessman, headed The Invention Group at Arthur D. Little, Inc., from 1950 to 1960 when he left to co-found the Synectics company. FIELDS: 2-Star/Business/Creativity/
Gores, Joseph N. Joe (1931- ) ii Marine Salvage: The Unforgiving Business of No Cure, No Pay. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971, xxii+525pp. Preface by Willard Bascom. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Shipwrecks can result from deliberate crime as well as accident and incompetence. It often takes a keen investigator to detect which. See also Faith (1998) and Bathurst (2005). Like Dashiell Hammett before him, Joe Gores was a former private eye in San Francisco for 12 years on and off until 1966. Then he became a full-time writer of fine hard-boiled detective fiction. FIELDS: 2-Star/Investigation/PI/
iiii Interface. New York: M. Evans, 1974, 216pp. Written as by Joe Gores. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. A detective fiction novel, Joes second. Written during 13 weeks in 1972, when he deliberately followed Hammetts template of The Glass Key to create a hard-boiled thriller that was also a sort of love storywithout getting into anyones mind. I suspect that this book would make a particularly good classroom exercise or even a simple test of detective ability by rating students or candidates by the number of pages they would need to solve the deception. Why do I think this? One day in early 1974, I settled down to read my friend Joe Gores' latest detective novel, Interface. By page fourteen I'd solved it. Not just a suspicion but the whole "McGuffin", as Alfred Hitchcock had called it. I was amazed at Gores' audacity. Hed put every essential clue in those first 14 pages. Moreover, his particular "McGuffin", his gimmick, had never been attempted by any other writer. Having slipped backstage among the wires and mirrors, I was now even more pleased to watch how this deceiver would spin out his tangled tale. It was a private lesson from a master in how to plan a deception and an insight in how to detect it. Joe told me he was amused by my reaction to his book because it confirmed his feedback from other readers. Of the general mystery buffs, none had seen through his deception. Of those like myself who were fellow members of Mystery Writers of America, all had detected it well before the end and then shared my delight in following the technical structure of his novel. This verified my hunch that while the lay reader can pit wits against the mystery writer, it helps to be one to know one. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 4-Star/Fiction/ CLASSES: 600/601/
iii 32 Cadillacs. New York: Mysterious Press, 1992, xi+338pp. Written as by Joe Gores. LOC: UC-Berkeley. A detective fiction novel. The best introductory textbooks to private detective work, particularly skip tracing, are Joes own fictions, especially this outrageously funny 32 Cadillacs (1992). Otherwise one movie that gives some good counsel is Repo Man (1984) with Emilio Estevan. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/
Gorodetsky, Gabriel (1945- ) ii Grand Delusion: Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999, xvi+408pp. LOC: BW; NPS. Translations in French, Hebrew, Russian, and German. A sound, scholarly analysis of the German deception and Stalins failure to detect it. See also Whaley (1973). Dr. Gorodetsky, an Israeli sabra, served in the Israeli Army 1963-65. In 1973 he took his D.Phil from Oxford under E. H. Carr. He has been Professor of History at Tel Aviv University since 1974. REV: John A. Mapother in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.14, No.1 (Spring 2001), 140-144. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Surprise/
Gottschalk, Louis A., M.D. (1916- ) iii The use of drugs in interrogation, in Biderman & Zimmer (1961), 96-141. An early but basically still sound survey of the literature. Although Dr. Gottschalk, a subsequently prominent American psychiatrist, rules out any known truth serum, he finds some success from the placebo effect, while warning against resistance, lies, and fantasies. The study had been sponsored mainly by the U.S. Air Force. See also Gudjonsson (1992), 176-180. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/
Gould, Stephen Jay (1941-2002) i The Pandas Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1980, 343pp. The third of ten noteworthy books of collected essays on science by a Harvard professor of the history of science. Although his critics concede his fine and amusing writinghow could they do otherwise? many want us to dismiss him as just another pop-science entertainer together with Willy Ley, Martin Gardner, Isaac Asimov, Carl Sagan, Peter Medawar, Fred Hoyle, and Hans Christian von Baeyer. His and their critics miss the main point, namely that all seven of these writers also had abilities as detectives whose good humor and strong sense of curiosity enabled them to perceive clever analogies between things their myopic critics could see only as incongruities. FIELDS: 1-Star/Science/Evolution/
i The Mismeasure of Man. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1981, 352pp. Much useful historical background, although Professor Gould misrepresents some studies that differ from his more extreme views and vilifies their authors even when unjustified, as with Lombroso and Henry Goddard. His conclusions are further marred by Gould's excessive rejection of the best and most serious work of modern sociobiologists since Harvard Professor Edward O. Wilson's Sociobiology (1975). And
shame on Gould (and Lewontin) for their politically motivated personal vendetta against Wilson in the press and at Harvard. Compare Seligman (1992). FIELDS: 1-Star/Science/
Gourley, Robert D. ii Intuitive Intelligence, Defense Intelligence Journal, Vol.6, No.2 (Fall 1997), 61-73. LOC: NPS. Advocates relying on intuition but only when time is paramount. Id amend that to say particularly when time is paramount. This is because intuition is a potent guide for first spotting those two or more inevitable incongruities that flag deception. See also Klein (1989). Lt. Cdr. Gourley, a US naval intelligence officer with an MA in Intelligence from the Naval Postgraduate School, was then assigned to the Joint Staff. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Intuition/
Grabo, Cynthia M. ii Soviet Deception in the Czechoslovak Crisis: A Study in Perspective, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.14 (Spring 1970), 19-34. Classified SECRET; later declassified. LOC: BW (copy). Reprinted in Studies in Intelligence, Fall 2000. LOC: Internet. Analysis of the Soviet surprise invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. See also Barton & Martin (1973). Ms. Grabo was a professional American intelligence analyst with the US Army 1942-49, then with the inter-agency National Watch Committee from 1950 to 1975, and finally with its successor organization, the Strategic Warning Staff until her retirement in 1980. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Surprise/
iiii Anticipating Surprise: Analysis for Strategic Warning. Washington, D.C.: Joint Military Intelligence College, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, Dec 2002, x+175pp. Foreword by Lieutenant-General James A. Williams. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; Stanford. Reprinted, Lanham, MD: University Press of America, Inc., 2004. LOC: BW [9 Sep 05]. An exceptionally intelligent handbook. This is a condensation (edited by Jan Goldman) of three classified monographs published by Grabo in Summer 1972, Fall 1972, and 1974. Still timely, despite its age; and, despite its narrow title, of great value across the strategic-to-tactical continuum. Her Chapter 7 (The Problem of Deception, pp.119-132) is based in large part on Whaley, Stratagem (1969). Unlike Wohlstetter, Handel, Vertzberger and the many other pessimists, Grabo leans toward my optimistic view that intelligence analysis can filter the noise (and redundancies) from the relevant signals to detect and give timely warning of hostile events even when those events are cloaked by deception. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Surprise/INTEL-analysis/
600/
Grabosky, Peter (1945- ), and Grace Duffield ii Red Flags of Fraud, Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No.200 (Canberra, Australia: Mar 2001). LOC: BW (copy). Identifies warning signals usually found for each of the four main types of fraud. Dr. Grabosky, PhD in political science, is a leading Australian criminologist. Duffield is a psychologist with the Australian Security Intelligence Organization. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/
Gracy, David B., II iii What You Get Is Not What You See: Forgery and the Corruption of Recordkeeping Systems, in Cox & Wallace (2002), 247-263. A survey with several case examples. Gracy is an historian and archivist at the University of Texas (Austin) where he teaches a course on the nature, social impact, and detection of forged historical and literary documents. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/Documents/
Grafton, Anthony (1950- ) i Forgers and Critics: Creativity and Duplicity in Western Scholarship. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990, x+157pp. LOC: BW; U of Hong Kong. A Princeton history professor analyzes literary forgeries, embedding them in a prevailing culture of fraud. FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/Fraud/
Graham, Leah, and Panagiotis Takis Metaxas iii Of Course Its True: I Saw It on the Internet, Communications of the ACM, Vol.44, No.1 (May 2003), 71-75. LOC: BW (copy). A survey in 2000-2001 of 180 Wellesley College students found that they tend to mindlessly accept the expertise, reliability, and accuracy of Internet sites as their main sources of information. Graham is a Wellesley graduate and Metaxis is an associate professor of computer science there. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/INTEL-collection/
Graham, Tiffany, [and] William Ickes iii When Womens Intuition Isnt Greater Than Mens, in Ickes (1997), 117-143. A comprehensive review of the few scientific studies of this contentious subject. Finds that while men are marginally less empathic on first exposure to interactions, they advance to equality when they (as well as women) are given some feedback. Speculates (p.140) that the gender differences in empathy, slight as they are, may reflect womens generally greater motivation.
Dr. Graham was with Tangram Corporation, Ft. Worth, Texas. Prof. Ickes was a social psychologist at the University of Texas. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Intuition/Empathy/
Granhag, Pr Anders, and Leif A Strmwall (editors) iii The Detection of Deception in Forensic Contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, x+348pp. LOC: BW; Williams College. A collection of articles by 18 contributors including Gnter Khnken, Maureen OSullivan & Paul Ekman, and Aldert Vrij. The editors are Swedish psychologists. FIELDS: 3-Star/Counterdeception/Forensics/
Grano, Joseph D. i Confessions, Truth, and the Law. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1993, 336pp. Also in PB. I include this book by an American law professor (at Wayne State University) precisely because he generally approves of the American system of justice but still manages to identify most of the elements that serve to distort and suppress truth in the courtroom. See also Wellman (1903, 1936), Ehrlich (1970), and Iannuzzi (1998). FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/Law/
Granovetter, Mark iii The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited, in Peter V. Marsden & Nan Lin (editors), Social Structure and Network Analysis (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1982), 105-130. LOC: NPS. Authors reconsideration in the light of replications and partial replications by other researchers of his widely cited landmark paper of that title, which originally appeared in 1973. Dr. Granovetter (1970 Harvard PhD) was then an associate professor of sociology at SUNY-Stony Brook. REV: Critiqued in Krackhardt (1998). FIELDS: 3-Star/Networks/
Grant, Natalie (1901-2002) ii Deception on a Grand Scale, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.1, No.4 (Winter 1986-87), 51-77. LOC: NPS. The most accurate account of The Trust, the organization that pretended to operate the underground resistance to the Soviet Union from 1921 until 1927 when the Soviets admitted they had set up and ran it to entrap anti-Bolsheviks.
Mrs. Grant was a Russian emigre to the USA where she worked as a kremlinologist for the US State Department in the 1950s and at the Hoover Institution in the 1960s. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Russia/
Grassi, Giacomo di (16th century) Ragione di adoprar sicuramente l'arme si da offensa, come da difesa, con un Trattato dell'inganno, & con un modo di essercitarsi da se stresso, per acquistare forza, giudicio, & prestezza. Venice: Giordano Ziletti & compagni, 1570, 151pp. LOC: Manchester U; U Alessandrina (Rome). ii English translation as Giacomo Di Grassi his true Arte of Defence ... With a Treatise of Disceit or Falsinge. London: I. I, 1594, [184pp]. LOC: Congress (Folger Library); Harvard; Huntington L. Reprinted in James L. Jackson, Three Elizabethan Fencing Manuals (Delmar, New York: Scholar's Facsimiles & Reprints, 1972), 1-184. LOC: Congress; U. of Florida. This is the earliest statement I've found that feints can be a costly waste of effort when used against an opponent known to be a master and of nearly equal ability. Grassi was a master fencing teacher in Modena, Italy. FIELDS: 2-Star/Sports/
Gratzer, Walter (1932- ) iii The Undergrowth of Science: Delusion, self-deception and human frailty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, ix+328pp. LOC: BW. Eleven detailed case studies of self-deception and credulity as contrasted to outright fraud and deception. See also Klotz (1985), Broad & Wade (1982), Kohn (1986), Miller & Hersen (1992), LaFollette (1992), Pallone & Hennessy (1995), and Park (2000). The author is a research biophysicist. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/Science/Self-deception/
Grayson, Lesley ii Scientific Deception: An Overview and Guide to the Literature of Misconduct and Fraud in Scientific Research. London: The British Library, 1995, xii+107pp. LOC: U of Central Florida; Syracuse U; U of London. Annotated and cross-indexed bibliography of 230 items. See also Klotz (1985), Broad & Wade (1982), Kohn (1986), Miller & Hersen (1992), LaFollette (1992), Park (2000), and Gratzer (2000). Ms. Grayson is a British freelance writer on science policy issues. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Fraud/
ii Scientific Deception: An Update. London: The British Library, 1997, ix+72pp. Compiled with the assistance of Howard Jones. LOC: U of Arizona; Imperial College (London). An additional 151 items. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Fraud/
Grebanier, Bernard (1903-1977) ii The Great Shakespeare Forgery. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1965, 308pp; London: Heinemann, 1966, 308pp. LOC: NPS; Brandeis. Biography of William Henry Ireland (1775?-1835) whose infamous forgeries of a large batch of Shakespearean documents was exposed at the time by Edmond Malone. See Malone (1796) & Rosenblum (2000). Grebanier was a leading American teacher and writer on Shakespeare. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Green, Celia (1935- ), and Charles McCreery i Lucid dreaming: The paradox of consciousness during sleep. London: Routledge, 1994, 186pp. A scholarly and even-handed exploration of the subject. While devoted entirely to aware dreaming, oddly omits any recognition of problem-solving other than to prove consciousness by performing certain trivial tasks set by the experimenters. This book updates Greens pioneering Lucid Dreams (1968). See also Rock (2004). Miss Green, an English experimental psychologist and Oxford University M.A., is the founder-director of the Institute of Psychophysical Research. FIELDS: 1-Star/Logic/Sleep/
Green, David M. (1932- ), and John A. Swets i Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1966, xi+455pp. LOC: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical U (Daytona Beach). Early application of Shannon's electronic Signal/Noise Theory to psychology. See Shannon (1948). Green was a psychologist, Swets a physicist. FIELDS: 1-Star/ SIGINT/
Greenberg, Bernard (1922- ), and John Charles Kunich (1953- ) iii Entomology and the Law: Flies as Forensic Indicators. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, xiii+306pp. LOC: Chapman U School of Law; British L. The best academic account in contrast to Erzinlioglu (2000a), which is the best popular survey. See also Goff (2000) and Byrd & Castner (2001). The book is in two parts: Part I (pp.1-209), covering the entomology, is by Prof.
Greenberg, one of the founders of forensic entomology. Part 2 (pp.211-303), covering the legal aspects, was by Prof. Kunich who had originally trained to be an entomologist but finished with a 1985 Harvard JD. FIELDS: 3-Star/Entomology/
Greenberg, Irwin (1935- ) ii The Role of Deception in Decision Theory," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol.26, No.1 (Mar 1982), 139-156. LOC BW (copy). A pioneering effort to factor deception into game-decision theory. Dr. Greenberg, an engineer, was then with the School of Business Administration, George Mason U. He had been doing classified research on military counterdeception and arms control analysis by 1977 when we first met as consultants at MATHTECH. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/GameTheory/
iiii "The Effect of Deception on Optimal Decisions," Operations Research Letters, Vol.1, No.4 (Sep 1982), 144-147. LOC: BW (offprint). An economic analysis that importantly concludes reaches four very important conclusions (p.147): 1) A false signal [deception] will usually have a greater impact than will noise and will consistently benefit the deceiver, whereas noise will not. [This is a potent corrective to the Daniel-Herbig M & A type deception hypothesis.] 2) Further, with or without a false signal, some but not too much noise is most effective. 3) In a bombardment scenario where you can use deception to alter the opponents aiming point, you would like him to have a very accurate weapon ... so that he would keep hitting the same wrong point. [This is precisely how R. V. Jones induced the German V weapons to shift their aiming point well below the center of London.] 4) The best deception causes the opponent to draw the wrong conclusion and be absolutely certain that it is the correct one. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Deception/GameTheory/
Greene, Graham (1904-1991) iii The Human Factor. London: The Bodley Head, 1978, 339pp. LOC: Oxford. A novel of espionage and loyalties. Six months on The New York Times bestseller list. Inspired by the case of Kim Philby, Greenes old friend and wartime colleague, Greene wrote the opening 25,000 words back around 1967 but suspended work when Philby brought out his own memoirs in 1968. Instead Greene supplied a very sympathetic Introduction to Philbys book. The truth, it seems, was simpler than Greenes fictional effort to give motive to Philbys defection to Soviet intelligence. Educated at Oxford, Greene published his first novel in 1925. Served 1941-late 1944 in M.I.6 (V) under Foreign Office cover as Station Chief at Freetown (Sierra Leone) and then in London where his immediate boss, Kim Philby, put him in charge of the Portuguese desk.
Additionally I recommend Greenes subversively amusing but essentially realistic Our Man in Havana (1958), which does for espionage what Hellers Catch-22 had done for military service. Also recommended by former CIA Director Allen Dulles, Great Spy Stories from Fiction (1969), 422. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/
Greenwald, Jesse M. i Document Fraud and Other Crimes of Deception. Port Townsend, Wash.: Loompanics Unlimited, 1997, iii+144pp. LOC: FBI Academy; San Jose PL. Sound principles, although some of the technical information is now obsolete. Greenwald, a former Americas Most Wanted, confesses to 22 felony convictions for document fraud and 5 prison terms that prove his incompetence as a career criminal. What can we learn from such a person who seems incapable of learning? FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/Fraud/
Gregory, J. C. i The Nature of Laughter. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Truber, 1924, v+241pp. Facsimile reprint 1999. LOC: Weber State U (Utah).
A labored essay that loosely incorporates the Ludicrous or incongruity and relief theory in Chapter VIII (pp.100-123). See also Provine (2000). Gregory was a British psychologist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Gregory, Richard L. (1923- ) i "Visual Illusions," in Brian M. Foss (editor), New Horizons in Psychology (Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1966). 68-96. LOC: U of Miami. Professor Gregory is a British psychologist who specialized in human perception and misperception. FIELDS: 1-Star/Perception/
iiii "The Confounded Eye," in Gregory & Gombrich (1973), 51-96. A theory of the perception of illusions, developed largely from Helmholtz. See also Robinson (1972) and Shepard (1990). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Perception/
iii Mind in Science: A History of Explanations in Psychology and Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981, xi+641pp. Also reprinted in PB. LOC: BW; San Diego PL. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/
ii Conjuring, Perception, Vol.11 (1982), 631-633. Reprinted in Gregory (1986), 59-62. An editorial. FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/
ii Odd Perceptions. London: Methuen, 1986, ix+230pp. LOC: Palm Springs PL. An entertaining collection of essays, many of which had begun as editorials in the authors journal, Perception. FIELDS: 2-Star/Perception/
________, and E. H. Gombrich (1909-2001) (editors) iiii Illusion in Nature and Art. New York: Scribner's, 1973, 288pp. LOC: BW3. A collection of mostly important essays by various specialists. The late Sir Ernst Gombrich was a prominent art historian. See also Gombrich (1972). FIELDS: 4-Star/Perception/
Greiffenberg, General Hans von (1893-1951) ii Deception and Cover Plans, Project #29", Foreign Military Studies, MS #P-044a, US Army, Historical Division, MMR, NA. A review of the Wehrmachts WW II experience with cover and deception. Written in 1950 by a German Army officer involved in these matters. His main points are summarized in Daniel & Herbig (1982), 16, 17-18, 20, 21. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Germany/
Greig, J[ohn] Y[oung] T[homas], M.A. (1891- ) ii The Psychology of Laughter and Comedy. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1923, 304pp. Facsimile reprint 1969. Includes a useful Appendix (pp.225-279) summarizing various theories of humor 88 of them. See also Provine (2000). The author was a British academic psychologist and literary scholar. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Griego, William L. i Dictionary of Terms Used in Deception. Santa Monica: August 1978. A preliminary compilation. An earlier draft used in Weigley (1978) was dated 27 Apr 1978. See also Deception Research Program (1981). Griego had been an intelligence analyst with CIA until his retirement (sometime before 1999). FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Dictionary/
iii Detection of Deception: Briefing Outline. Santa Monica: [1980], 29pp. LOC: BW (copy). FIELDS: 3-Star/Counterdeception/
i Words, Definitions and Ideas of Deception. Santa Monica, CA: W. L. Griego, 1984. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Dictionary/
Griffiths, Arthur (1838-1908) ii Old-Time Detection, Cassells Magazine, Apr 1902. Reprinted in Mike Ashley (editor), The Mammoth Book of Historical Whodunnits (New York: Carroll and Graf, 1993), 504-513. Having served in the British Army during the Crimean War, Major Griffiths served as a senior prison administrator in England from 1870 to 1896 when he turned to writing war novels and pioneering works of true crime. These latter include Mysteries of Police and Crime (London: Cassell, 1898, 2 volumes) and Fifty Years of Public Service (London: Cassell, 1904). FIELDS: 2-Star/Crime/
Groner, Rudolf, Marina Groner, and Walter F. Bischof (editors) ii Methods of Heuristics. Hilldale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlebaum Associates, 1983, xii+416pp. LOC: NPS. A compilation of 14 interdisciplinary articles on the art and science of discovery originally presented at the symposium titled Methods of Heuristics held in 1980 at the University of Bern, Switzerland. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/
Groom, Nick (1966- ) i The Forgers Shadow: How Forgery Changed the Course of Literature. London: Picador, 2002, 351pp. LOC: Congress; Stanford; Columbia; U of La Verne. On the role of forgeries in English literature. Focuses on the famous forgeries of Chatterton, Ireland, and Macpherson. Groom was Reader in English Literature at Bristol U. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
Gross, Hans (1847-1915) Handbuch fr Untersuchungsrichter, Polizeibeamte, Gendarmen u.s.w. [Manual for the Examining Magistrate, Police Officer, Gendarm, etc]. Munich: 1893. 2nd edition (1894). Then 3rd (1899) to 7th (1922) editions retitled Handbuch fr Untersuchungsrichter als System der Kriminalistik. 8th edition (1942) as Handbuch der Kriminalistik iii English translation by John Adam & J. Collyer Adam from the 4th (1904) edition as Criminal Investigation: A Practical Handbook for Magistrates, Police Officers, and Lawyers. London: The Specialist Press, Ltd., 1907, xxviii+889pp+xlvii; New York: The Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company, 1907, xxviii+889pp+xlvii. LOC: Congress; UC-Berkeley; U of Washington Law Library; Cambridge.
Reprinted, London: Sweet & Maxwell Ltd., 1924, xvii+606pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Cambridge. Plus 3rd ed (1934 & 1946), 4th ed (1949 & 1950), 5th ed (1962). French translation as Manuel pratique du juge dinstruction (Paris: 1899). Japanese translation as Saishgaku (Tokyo: 1916) The first comprehensive textbook on criminology. The 8th edition appeared in 1943. Dr. Gross, an Austrian lawyer, was himself an examining magistrate. FIELDS: 3-Star/Police/Criminology/
Criminalpsychologie. Graz: Leuschner & Lubenskys, 1898, xii+721pp. LOC: Edinburgh U. 2nd edition (1905) ii English translation from the 4th German edition by Horace M. Kallen as Criminal Psychology: A Manual for Judges, Practitioners, and Students. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1911, xx+514pp; London: William Heinemann, 1911. Introduction by Joseph Jastrow. Reprinted 1915, 1918, & 1968. LOC: Congress; UC-Berkeley; U of Puget Sound; Oxford; U of Manchester. A classic. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 2-Star/Criminology/
Grnbaum, Adolf (1923- ) ii The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, xiv+310pp. The author was a philosopher of science at the U of Pittsburgh. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/
Gruner, Charles R. (1931- ) iii The Game of Humor: A Comprehensive Theory of Why We Laugh. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1997, 197pp. LOC: Cal State (Monterey). Espouses and elaborates Hobbess Superiority Theory of Humor. See also Provine (2000). Dr. Gruner (1963 PhD in general communication from Ohio State) had been researching humor since 1955 and publishing on it since 1965. Professor at the University of Georgia from 1969 until retired in 1997. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Guare, John (1938- ) i Six Degrees of Separation. A play. Premiered 19 May 1990 at the Lincoln Center Theater where it became an immediate, long-running success. Cast: Stockard Channing and James McDaniel. Published as Six Degrees of Separation: a play. New York: Random House, 1990, xiii+120pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. Based on the true story of David Hampton (1964- ), an Afro-American who in 1983, posing as Sidney Poitiers son David, conned his way upward into New York society. His
victims included Melanie Griffith, Calvin Klein, and two of playwright Guares friends. Arrested later that year, he defaulted on a court order to pay $4,490 in restitution to his gulled hosts and was consequently sentenced to a term of 18 months to 4 years in prison. The movie version: Six Degrees of Separation. USA: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1993. Producers: Fred Schepisi & Arnon Milchan. Director: Fred Schepisi. Screenplay: John Guare. Cast: Stockard Channing, Will Smith, Donald Sutherland, Ian McKellen. When the movie proved a commercial success, Hampton sued sued for $100 million, the amount of Guares royalties, but without success. Guare (pronounced GWAR) is a prominent prize-winning New York dramatist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/Networks/ Gudgin, Peter ii Military Intelligence: A History. Thrupp-Stroud, England: Sutton Publishing, 1999, xix+236pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. Primarily on British MI history plus deception ops in WW II. Gudgin is a prominent British writer on military subjects. REV: J. Thompson Strong in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.6, No.1 (Spr 1993), 132-133. An unenthusiastic review of the previous edition. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Military/
Gudjonsson, Gisli H. iiiThe Psychology of Interrogations, Confessions and Testimony. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1992, xii+362pp. A comprehensive and fairly recent survey of theory, methods, and effectiveness of the main techniques in current use. See also Aubry & Caputo (1980), Inbau, Reid, & Buckley (1986), Rabon (1992), Walters (1996), Bryan (1997), and Memon & Bull (1998). Dr. Gudjonsson, a former police detective, is a psychologist at the University of Londons Institute of Psychiatry and a prominent forensic psychologist. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Interrogation/ CLASSES: 601/603/
Guicciardini, Francesco (1483-1540) Ricordi. Manuscripts, Italy, 1512 (with 29 maxims), 1528 (128 maxims), and 1530 (221 maxims). iiii English translation as Maxims and Reflections of a Renaissance Statesman. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965, 150pp. Translated by Mario Domandi. Introduction by Nicolai Rubinstein. LOC: BW. These are the repeatedly revised everyday-life maxims of the fine Florentine lawyer and diplomat. He was a politically & philosophically like-minded close friend of that other magnificent Florentine empirical and pragmatic political realist, Niccol Machiavelli. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Politics/
Guilford, J. P[aul] (1897-1987) i Traits of Creativity, in Harold H. Anderson (editor), Creativity and Its Cultivation (New York: Harper & Row, 1959), 142-161. Proposed the convergent versus divergent (creative) modes of thinking. A summary and critique are in Weisberg (1993), 59-61. Prof. Guilford was an American psychologist at USC who specialized in testing and creativity. FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/
Guillotreau, Ghislaine ii Art et crime: La criminalit du monde artistique et littraire et sa rpression. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1999, 299pp. LOC: Congress; Harvard; Cambridge. On art theft and forgeryfrom art, through books and music, to cyberspace. The author, a senior French police official, specialized in countering counterfeiting of intellectual property. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Music/
Gunn, Clement Bryce (1860-1933) ii Leaves from the Life of a Country Doctor (Clement Bryce Gunn, M.D., J.P.). Edinburgh: The Moray Press, 1935, 195pp. Edited by Rutherford Crockett with a Foreword by John Buchan. LOC: Congress. A memoir. Includes sharing Dr. Joe Bells Friday Clinics in 1881-82 at the Royal Infirmary with his classmate Conan Doyle. Gives (pp.32, 35-37) three rarely cited but important anecdotes of Dr. Bells intuitive method. Dr. Gunn wrote out his manuscript account during the period 1918-1925. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/Intuition/
Gunzenhuser, Max ii Geschichte der geheimen Nachrictendiesnstes (Spionage, Sabotage und Abwehr): Literatur Berichte und Bibliographie. Frankfurt-am-Main: Bernard und Graefe, 1968, vii+434pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Following Harris (1968) the second comprehensive bibliography of secret intelligence. An 80-page introductory essay precedes more than 300 pages of bibliography, covering some 4,000 unannotated titles. Although a smaller effort that Harris, it includes many items, particularly German ones, missed by the earlier work. Moreover these two early bibliographies complement one another as the Grunzenhuser is organized chronologically and geographically while the Harris is organized under 27 topics. Gunzenhuser was a prolific German military bibliographer. REV: Studies in Intelligence (Spring 1970). REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 3. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Gur, Ruben C. (1947- ), and Harold A. Sackeim (1951- ) The Manifest Symptom Questionnaire, with scales to measure self- and other-deception. Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania, 1975. LOC: not seen. Includes the two psychiatrists' Self-Deception Questionnaire (SDQ). Gur was a Serb and Sackeim an American. FIELDS: ?-Star/Psychology/Self-deception/
i "Self-Deception: A Concept in Search of a Phenomenon," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.37, No.2 (Feb 1979), 147-169. LOC: BW (copy). One of the seminal papers on the subject by the two psychiatrists. Discussed in Trivers (1985), 416-418; and Lockard & Paulhus (1988), 72-74, 116-117, 126, 146-163. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Self-deception/
Sackeim & Gur (1978)
Guterman, Stanley S. iii The Machiavellians: A Social Psychological Study of Moral Character and Organizational Milieu. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970, xviii+178pp. An important application of Christies Mach-scale. Looks particularly at the deceptive practices of businessmen, lawyers, and physicians. See also Christie (1970). Dr. Guterman was a sociologist at Rutgers at the time of writing. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Psychology/
Guttman, Burton S. iii The Real Method of Scientific Discovery, Skeptical Enquirer, Vol.28, No.1 (Jan-Feb 2004), 45-47. LOC: BW (copy). On abduction as logical process. Dr. Guttman (1963 PhD in molecular biology from the U. Of Oregon) is an emeritus professor of biology from Evergreen State College. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/
-HHaack, Susan (1945- ) ii Science, Scientism, and Anti-Science in the Age of Preposterism, Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.21, No.6 (Nov/Dec 1997). LOC: BW (copy). On the emptiness of the recent anti-science academics. See also Sokal & Bricmont (1997 /1998 tr), Koertge (1998), Weinberg (2001), and Brown (2001). Haack was born in England just after WW II. She became an Oxford BA (1960) & Cambridge PhD (1972) and moved to the USA in 1990 whence she has been a Professor of Philosophy at the U of Miami. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/
ii Manifesto of a Passionate Moderate: Unfashionable Essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998, x+223pp. LOC: Pacific Beach PL. Haacks ever-welcome thoughts fulfil the promises of her title and subtitle. REV: Roger Kimball in Times Literary Supplement (26 Feb 1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/
iiii Defending Science within reason: Between Scientism and Cynicism. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2003, 411pp. LOC: BW3; Santa Cruz PL; Sacramento PL. A largely original and highly pragmatic view of the Scientific Method as a tool for finding ground truth. She sets herself squarely in that skeptical middle-ground between what she calls the Old Deferentialists, those optimists who see science as the royal road to truth, and the New Cynics, those pessimists who doubt the very existence of truth much less its accessibility to human thought. Enlarges on her fine earlier work, particularly Evidence and Inquiry (1993) and Manifesto of a Passionate Moderate (1998). And she neatly condenses her own book as: Susan Haack, Defending ScienceWithin Reason: The Critical Commonsensist Manifesto, Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.28, No.4 (Jul/Aug 2004), 29-34. REV: Roger Kimball in Times Literary Supplement (23 Jan 2004). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/Training/ 4-Star/Logic/ CLASSES: 601/603/
Hadamard, Jacques (1865-1963) iiii The Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1945, 145pp. Also in a 1954 Dover PB facsimile reprint. Extraordinary and justifiably famous study by a highly creative and leading French mathematician. Based on a survey of published sources as well as questionnaires to
mathematicians about their creativity by Maillet (69 respondents) and others. See also Poincar (1913), Plya (1945), and van der Waerden (1983). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Creativity/Math/
Hagen, Margaret A., Ph.D. ii Whores of the Court: The Fraud of Psychiatric Testimony and the Rape of American Justice. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997, xiv+338. A useful survey and analysis despite the authors admission of personal outrage that cued her books off-putting title. See also Hamstra (1994), Dawes (1994), Ziskin (1995), Walker (1996), Kirwin (1997), Hutchins & Kirk (1997), and Lewis (1998). Dr. Hagen was a research psychologist at Boston University. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/Law/
Hall, Edward T. (1914- ) ii The Silent Language. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1959, 240pp. Best-selling survey of non-verbal cross-cultural cues that so easily lead to miscommunication. Much theory with illustrative examples. See particularly his subchapter on Congruence (pp.159-163). Although many anthropologists have dismissed Hall as too simplistic, they fail to present a more comprehensive theory. Dr. Hall was a Professor of Anthropology at Northwestern University until his retirement in 1977. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Summer 1959. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cultures/Incongruity/
________, and Mildred Reed Hall i Understanding Cultural Differences. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press, Inc., 1990, xxi+196pp. FIELDS: 1-Star/Cultures/
Hall, G. Stanley (1844-1924) Childrens Lies: Their Psychology and Pedagogy, The American Journal of Psychology, Vol.3 (1890), 59-70. iii Updated and reprinted in G. Stanley Hall, Educational Problems, Vol.1 (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1911), 345-387. LOC: Florida A&M University. The first study in English of deception by a psychologist, indeed Americas first PhD psychologist (Harvard, 1878). Hall's own data was collected in 1888 in Boston by four teachers from some 300 student children of both sexes and ages 12 to 14. Hall's 1911 update incorporates much new material, including (on p.364) from Jastrow (1900) and Triplett (1900) on conjurors as effective producers of illusion. See also Hartshorne & May (1928). FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/Children/Lying/
Hall, Harold V., & Joseph G. Poirier ii Detecting Malingering and Deception: Forensic Distortion Analysis. Second Edition, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001, xvii+440pp. LOC: FBI Academy; Utah State U. The 1st edition appeared in 1996. See also Rogers (1997). Dr. Hall is an American forensic neuropsychologist. Poirier is an American forensic psychologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/Psychotherapy/
Hall, Jay Cameron (1915- ) i Inside the Crime Lab. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1974, 271pp. The author, a Pasadena police officer, became a police chemist and took charge of his communitys pioneering crime laboratory. This book could have been an insightful and lasting memoir but Hall choose to write a popular textbook that predictably soon dated itself. See also Harrison (1964) and Walls (1972). FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
Hall, Admiral Sir [William] Reginald (1870-1943) SEE: James (1955) Beesly (1982) Hall, Stanley, MCIT iii Railway Detectives: The 150-year Saga of the Railway Inspectorate. London: Ian Allan Ltd, 1990, 146pp. LOC: U of Illinois (Chicago); Oxford. A history of accident investigations on British railways from the founding of the Railway Inspectorate in 1840 to 1990. See also Faith (2000). Hall, a railway man since 1943, wrote this study after his retirement as Signals & Safety Officer at the British Railways Board. FIELDS: 3-Star/Accidents/Investigation/
Hall, Trevor H. (1910-1991) ii Sherlock Holmes and His Creator. London: Duckworth, 1978, xi+155pp. LOC: Broward Community College. Eight essays, including two by Archdeacon C. O. Ellison. Hall cites important details on Dr. Joe Bell. Much solid research despite Hall's own parallel work as an infamous fabricator of psychic phenomenon. See also Liebow (1982). FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/
Hall, Wayne Michael (1946- ) i Stray Voltage: War in the Information Age. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003, xvii+219pp. LOC: NPS; National Defense U; Marine Corps U. A weak effort, particularly in the chapter The Art of Deception (pp.119-131), which consists entirely of a series of generalized assertions about deception, perception, and
truth. Worse, these assertions are never supported by evidence, indeed are often contrary to well-established evidence. The author pushes the post-modern notion, faddish but crippling among some self-professed intellectuals, that all truth is relative and all hypotheses & theories (stories) deserve our equal attention, fluctuating between cultures and even individuals. Other Post-Modern intelligencers are Rathmell (1998) and Caddell (2004). Dr. Mike Hall retired from the U.S. Army after 30 years service, his final assignment being as director of the Intelligence XXI study. FIELDS: 1-Star/Perception/
Hallman, Andrew L. ii Battlefield Operational Functioning And the Soviet Campaign Against Japan In 1945. Quantico, VA: US Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 1995. LOC: BW (copy); www.global security.org. A Master of Military Studies thesis from the college. OK, but I challenge the reader to spot the amusing failure of bibliographic citation. See instead Despres, Dzirkals, & Whaley (1976) and Glantz (2003). Hallman was then with CIA. FIELDS: 2-Star/Russia/
Halpern, Sue M. iii The Moment of Truth, The New York Review of Books, Vol.52, No.7 (28 Apr 2005). LOC: BW (copy). A superb joint review of Gladwell (2005) and Goldberg (2005). Halpern is a regular writer for the NYRoB. FIELDS: 3-Star/Networks/
Hamblin, Dora Jane (1920- ) ii Pots and Robbers. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970, 258pp. On the competitive who-gets-there-first race between archaeologists and tomb robbers. See also Meyer (1973). The authors career in journalism included four years as Lifes bureau chief in Rome where she gathered most of this material. FIELDS: 2-Star/Archaeology/Pottery/
Hamilton, Charles (1913-1996) iii Great Forgers and Famous Fakes: The Manuscript Forgers of America and How They Duped the Experts. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1980, 278pp. 2nd edition, Lakewood: Glenbridge Publishing, 1996, 294pp. Delivers on its title. See also Osborn (1910), Rendell (1994), and Nickell (1996). The author was a leading New York documents dealer and examiner. FIELDS: 3-Star/Documents/Experts/
iii The Hitler Diaries: Fakes that Fooled the World. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1991, 211pp. LOC: BW. Exposure of the 62 manuscript volumes forged and issued in 1983 by Konrad Kujau, German dealer in Nazi relics. Questioned document expert Hamilton deserves (and takes) the primary credit for this important exposure. See also Picker (1992). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Documents/Evolution/
Hamilton, W[illiam] D[onald] (1936-2000) "The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior," Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol.7, No.1 (1964), 1-52 (in two parts). iii Reprinted with new introductory comments in W. D. Hamilton, Narrow Roads of Gene Land: The Collected Papers, Vol.1 (Oxford: W. H. Freeman, 1996), 11-81. LOC: Nova Southeastern U. Presents Hamilton's classic theory of "kin selection" (a term coined in 1964 by J. Maynard Smith) that explains how altruism (as well as selfishness) could evolve as a genetically based instinct. This New Zealand evolutionary zoologist's paper, one of the most often cited in the history of science, virtually founded the new field of sociobiology, which has been furthered by, among many others, notably Trivers (1971 to 1974) and Wilson (1975). FIELDS: 3-Star/Furniture/
Hamilton, William L. ii What Price Authenticity?, New York Times, 16 Jun 2005, pp.D1, D7. LOC: BW (clipping). On the recent collectability of post-WW II modern designer furniture with its attendant sharply rising prices that has led to disguised restorations, reconstructions, and outright fakes. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/Biography/
Hammond, Grant T[edrick], (1945- ) ii The Mind of War: John Boyd and American Security. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001, xiii+234pp. LOC: Burlingame PL. On the life and strategic ideas of American strategic theorist John Boyd (1927-1997). See also Coram (2002). Hammond was a professor of international relations at the Air War College. REV: LtCol Eric Ash in Aerospace Power Journal, Fall 2001. Recommends. FIELDS: 2-Star/
Hamstra, Dr. Bruce i How Therapists Diagnose: Seeing through the Psychiatric Eye. New York: St. Martins Press, 1994, xiii+334pp. LOC: Pacific Beach PL. A mildly negative view of the diagnostic process by a clinical psychologist. Compare Dawes (1994), Ziskin (1995), Walker (1996), Hagen (1997), and Hutchins & Kirk (1997). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychotherapy/
Hancock, Ralph (1903- ), and Henry Chafetz iii The Compleat Swindler. New York: Macmillan, 1968, xv+294pp. Although basically only a set of quickly sketched case studies of notable swindles, the book gets its main value from both a perceptive general overview (Ch.1, The Art of Deception, pp.1-11) and the organization of the cases into eight types of swindling. The authors were American freelance writers. FIELDS: 3-Star/Con/Fraud/
Hancock, Virgil, & Larry Spanbauer ii Standard Catalog of Counterfeit and Altered United States Coins. New York, NY: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications, 1979, x+221pp. Printed in 1,000 numbered copies. LOC: Getty; San Diego PL; Timberland Regional L (Olympia, WA). See also Taxay (1963). FIELDS: 2-Star/Coins/
Handel, Michael I[srael] (1942- 2001) iii Perception, Deception and Surprise: The Case of the Yom Kippur War. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University, Jerusalem Papers on Peace Problems No.19, 1976, 67pp. LOC: BW; Air U. Reprinted in Evron (1979), 25-85. An original and still important study of the surprise attack on Israel. Dr. Handel originally presented this paper at the 1975 conference on strategic issues sponsored by the Leonard Davis Institute at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. See also Bar-Joseph (2005). Dr. Handel (1974 Harvard PhD in Government), a reserve intelligence officer in the Israeli Army, soon became the most prominent Israeli expert of his generation on military deception and intelligence analysis. REV: Constantinides (1983), 226. Rates Handels hypothesis that the Israelis were selfdeceived rather than deceived by the Egyptians as an insightful and stimulating but neither necessarily nor even likely correct. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Deception/Surprise/ CLASSES: 600/603/
iii Avoiding Political and Technological Surprise in the 1980's, in Roy Godson (editor), Intelligence Requirements for the 1980's: Analysis and Estimates (Washington, D.C.: National Strategy Information Center, Inc., 1980), 85-111. A balanced view with which I concur, as opposed to my late friends usually more pessimistic views of our ability to avoid surprise or detect deception. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/
ii Surprise in Diplomacy, in Pfaltzgraff, Raanan, & Milberg (1981), 187-211. LOC: NPS. Interesting mainly because Handel attempts, for the first time, to define the differences between military and diplomatic surprises. Asserting that the development of the theory of military surprise has ... reached the point of diminishing returns Handel advises that the study of surprise should expand in new directions in order to develop a general theory of surprise. This paper is his effort to add the diplomatic dimension. This paper originated at an April 1979 conference in Cambridge, Massachusetts, sponsored by the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Handel elaborates this theme in his The Diplomacy of Surprise: Hitler, Nixon, Sadat (Cambridge, Mass.: Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, 1981). FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Politics/
iii "Intelligence and Deception," The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.5, No.1 (London: March 1982), 122-154. Builds helter-skelter on the theories and principles of Whaley (1969 & 1973), Jones (1978 & 1981), Daniel & Herbig (1982), Masterman (1972), Montagu (1979), and Heuer (1981). This paper gave Michaels first, best, and, except for Handel (1987a), last thoughts on military deception before limiting himself to the less theory-fruitful analyses of surprise. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/INTEL/
ii Crisis and Surprise in Three Arab-Israeli Wars, in Knorr & Morgan (1983), 111-146. LOC: NPS. Important mainly because of Handels final acknowledgment, albeit only in a footnote (p.145n67), that Total surprise or full warning can rarely be found. They can be seen more realistically as two extreme idealistic types. Surprise is almost always relative. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Israel/Arabia/
ii On Diplomatic Surprise, in Nissan Oren (editor), Images and Reality in International Politics (Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1984), 20-33. LOC: NPS. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Politics/
ii Intelligence and the Problem of Strategic Surprise, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3 (London: Sep 1984), 229-281. Reprinted in Handel (1989), 229-281. LOC: NPS.
Reprinted in Dearth & Goodden (1995), 213-261. Reprinted in Betts & Mahnken (2003), 1-58. More of Michaels pessimism. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/
ii Strategic Surprise: The Politics of Intelligence and the Management of Uncertainty, in Maurer, Turnstall, & Keagle (1985), 239-269. Ditto. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/
________ (editor) iii Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War. London: Frank Cass, 1987, 348pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. A collection of seven original articles by various experts. Rated by Col. Frank Stech to be one of the four essential accounts of the deception operations in World War II. The most original and important articles are Mller (1987), Herbig (1987), Glantz (1987), and Handel (1987b). Dr. Handel had been Professor of National Security Affairs at the U.S. Army War College from 1983 to 1990 when he moved to his final posting as Professor of Naval Strategy at the U.S. Naval War College. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/
iii Strategic and Operational Deception in Historical Perspective, in Handel (1987a), 1-91. Michaels long-delayed attempt to bypass his usual tight focus on surprise to specifically analyze and critique deception. See also Handel (1982). FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/
ii War, Strategy and Intelligence. London: Frank Cass, 1989, viii+500pp. LOC: NPS. Reprints 10 of Handels more important papers on the title subjects. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/INTEL/
________, (editor) ii Leaders and Intelligence. London: Frank Cass, 1989, 298pp. LOC: NPS. A collection of eight essays by as many experts, including importantly Handel and R. V. Jones. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
iIntelligence and Military Operations. London: Frank Cass, 1990, 464pp. LOC: NPS. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/
iiii Masters of War: Classical Military Thought. 3rd Edition revised & enlarged, London: Frank Cass, 2001, xxvii+482pp. LOC: NPS. A modern classic. An in-depth study of the writings on war by Machiavelli, Jomini, Clausewitz, Sun Tzu, and Mao Tse-tung. From this survey across cultures and epochs Dr. Handel concluded that the fundamental logical and theoretical writings on war are as universal and timeless as human nature. Handel is unusual in arguing, I believe correctly, that these writers dont contradict one another in any fundamental way their differences are only in details and levels of abstraction, as with Sun Tzu theorizing at the strategic level and Clausewitz at the operational. See also Gat (2001). The 1st Edition had been published in 1992 at half the length. See Whaley (1980), which had reached substantially the same two main conclusions. REV: John Ferris in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.16, No.2 (Summer 2001), viixii, in his obit of Michael. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 601/ 4-Star/Military/ Glantz (1989) Dearth & Goodden (1995)
Hankiss, Agnes i Games Con Men Play: The Semiosis of Deceptive Interaction, Journal of Communication, Vol.30 (Spring 1980), 104-112. LOC: BW (copy). Dr. gnes [sic] Hankiss, a Hungarian literary scholar in Budapest, analyzes the Biblical story of Adam & Eve and the Forbidden Fruit as a prototypical con game with the Serpent playing the con artist. Cute but trivial. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/
Hansel, C. E. M. (1917- ) iii ESP and Parapsychology: A Critical Re-evaluation. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1980, 325pp. Carefully documented and highly skeptical survey of psychic claims. An update of the authors ESP: A Scientific Evaluation (1966). See also Marks & Kamman (1980), Hyman (1989), and Baker & Nickell (1992). Professor Hansel was a British psychologist particularly known for his studies of parapsychology. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psi/
Harding, Major Edwin F[orrest] (1886-1970) SEE UNDER: Lanham (1939)

Harris, Robert A. iii The Plagiarism Handbook: Strategies for Preventing, Detecting, and Dealing with Plagiarism. Los Angeles: Pyrczak Publishing, 2001, viii+208pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Sacramento PL. See particularly Chapter 4 (Strategies for Detecting Plagiarism), pp.61-81, which gives several practical methods for detecting plagiarism, particularly from the Internet. His list of Obvious Clues (pp.62-67) is: 1. Mixed citation or bibliographic styles. 2. Lack of citations or quotations. 3. Dead-end internal references. 4. Unusual formatting. 5. Off topic. 6. Logical inconsistency. 7. Signs of datedness. 8. Dead URLs in citations. 9. Anachronisms. 10. Familiarity. 11. Smoking guns. His list of Subtle Clues (pp.67-70) is: 1. Anomalies of style. 2. Anomalies of diction. 3. Long sentences. While Harris doesnt point this out, I recommend his book to every intended plagiarist who seeks to easily avoid all but the most sophisticated detection attacks (such as statistical tests for consistent patterns of words or grammar across the entire paper). Dr. Harris (1982 PhD in English from UC-Riverside) was a professor of English at Vanguard U in Southern California. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Plagiarism/
Harris, Toms (1908-1964) iii GARBO: The Spy Who Saved D-Day. Richmond: Public Record Office, 2000, 410pp. Introduction by Mark Seaman. LOC: Los Angeles PL; Oxford. This is the original official post-action report on British-run double-cross agent GARBO (Juan Pujol), as moderately edited by Toms Harris, GARBOs case officer during World War II with M.I.5's section B1a. See also Delmer (1971) and Pujol & West (1985). REV: M. R. D. Foot in Times Literary Supplement (8 Sep 2000). High recommendation. FIELDS: 3-Star/HUMINT/Biography/
Harris, William Allen (1911-1986) iiii Deception. Fort Leavenworth, KS, [June?] 1947, 75pp. Declassified from CONFIDENTIAL in 1982. LOC: BW (copy); Air U; US Army Military History Institute. On Allied strategic deception in World War II. Four lectures delivered at the
Command and General Staff College fully crediting the British as originators. Shows a comprehensive understanding of the art of deception illustrating his points with several case studies. William A. Billy Harris (West Point, 1933) worked on deception for Overlord in 1944. During the Korean War commanded the 7th Cav in its breakout from the Pusan perimeter. Retired as a major general in 1966. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Deception/ CLASSES: 600/
Harris, William R[obert] (1941- ) iii Intelligence and National Security: A Bibliography with Selected Annotations. Cambridge, MA: Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, 3 vols., 1968, multilithed. LOC: BW; Air U. With 838 pages covering several thousand books, articles, and papers, this monumental compilation was then by far the most comprehensive bibliography of the subject available, publically or, I believe, secretly. The author's 92-page introductory essay is still one of the few reliable guides into the labyrinthine literature of intelligence. Includes important sections on deception. See also Constantinides (1983), Stanley (1985), and Pforzheimer (1985). Dr. William Bill Harris (JD, Harvard) was then Prof. Henry Kissingers Teaching Assistant in Harvards Department of Government. It was during this period in the late 1960s when Harris began his intensive studies of deception. By 1968 Bill became my first guide into the labyrinthine literature of deception. REV: Constantinides (1983),227-228. A generally plus review. Points out Harriss valuable discussion of deception. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/Bibliography/
iiiii Counter-Deception Planning: Strategy and Organization. Santa Monica: CA: The RAND Corporation, 1970, v+37pp. As RAND D-19803-ARPA. LOC: BW. A key paper on detecting military deception. Written during the authors initial brief stay at RAND. Harris, extended his studies of deception to encompass its detection, for which he coined the word counterdeception in 1968. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Counterdeception/ 600/602/
iii "Counter-Deception Planning." Paper, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Government Department, 27 February 1972, 12pp. A condensed version of the above. FIELDS: 3-Star/Counterdeception/
iiii On Counter-Deception Planning. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, 1973. As RAND Report R-1230-ARPA. LOC: This paper seems to have vanished. Id appreciate a copy, having read it only in an unclassified draft. Expanded version of the above unclassified papers. This RAND final report has never been publicly released. It has been described as having, among other matters, "categorized methodologies for detecting and hedging against failures to detect deception." Dr. Harris, a Harvard JD, had been a senior staff member of The RAND Corporation 1972-1991. I believe his extraordinary talent for counterdeception analysis was underappreciated and certainly grossly underused. He is now a free-lance consultant in Pacific Palisades whose interests have shifted away from the study of deception and counterdeception to matters of international law. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/CI/ 4-Star/Counterdeception/ CLASSES: 600/603/
iii A SALT Safeguards Program Coping with Soviet Deception under Strategic Arms Agreements. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation, Sep 1979, 17pp. Published as RAND Paper P-6388. LOC: BW; Marine Corps U; www.rand.org. Recommendations for effective breakout warning and timely responses. Paper presented in August 1979 at the Conference on SALT and Verification, sponsored by the Center for International Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Inspection/Russia/
ii "Counterdeception Jurisdiction and the Double Cross System by National Technical Means," in Roy Godson (editor), Intelligence Requirements for the 1980's: Counterintelligence (Washington, D.C.: National Strategic Information Center, Inc., 1980), 51-82. LOC: BW. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterdeception/
ii Collection in the Intelligence Process, in Godson (1982), 165-195. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-collection/
ii Soviet Maskirovka and Arms Control Verification, in Dailey & Parker (1987), 185-224. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Counterdeception/Inspection/Russia/
Harrison, Wilson R. (1903- ) i Forgery Detection: A Practical Guide. London: Sweet & Maxwell Ltd., 1964, viii+232pp; US edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964, viii+232pp. LOC: NYU; San Diego PL. Much detail; no theory. Dr. Harrison had directed the British governments Home Office Forensic Science Laboratory at Cardiff for 26 years. He had previously written Suspect Documents: Their Scientific Investigation (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1958).
REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 223-224, calls the 1958 work an indispensable reference. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
Hart-Davis, Duff (1936- ) iii Peter Fleming: A Biography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1974, 419pp. Facsimile reprint in PB, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987, 419pp. LOC: BW. Important here because Peter Fleming (1907-1971), Ians older brother, headed deception planning (D Force) for Wavell and Mountbatten in the China-Burma-India theatre during WW II. That part of his life is detailed in Chapter 12 (pp.257-303). See also Wingate (1959). Hart-Davis was Flemings godson and son of Flemings publisher. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/Deception/Britain/Japan/Biography/
Hartcup, Guy (1919- ) iii Camouflage: A History of Concealment and Deception in War. London: David & Charles, 1979, 156pp. LOC: BW. U.S. edition, New York: Scribners, 1980, 156pp. LOC: Air U; Marine Corps U. The subtitle is grossly misleading. It is narrowly limited to British military camouflage history. Authors timid excursions into Russian and Japanese camouflage are either speculative or wrong. See also Solomon (1920), Reit (1978), Kahn (1998), Stanley (1998), and Blechman (2004). Hartcup was a British official military historian of WW II. REV: Constantinides (1983), 228-229. Gives mostly plus marks with only a few minuses. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Camouflage/Military/
Hartshorne, Hugh (1885-1967), and Mark A. May (1891- ) ii Studies in Deceit. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1928, 2 volumes, xxi-406 & viii+306pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Reprinted 1975. Interesting early social-psych study of children as liars, the second since Hall (1882) and the first to study this behavior in children in controlled experimental situations. See also Healy & Healy (1915) and Ekman (1989). FIELDS: 2-Star/Children/Lying/
Harvey, Miles ii The Island of Lost Maps: A True Story of Cartographic Crime. New York: Random House, 2000, xxiii+405pp. A journalists delightful and instructive account of the nefarious career of Gilbert Brand
Jr., the Florida antique dealer who, until his arrest in 1995, operated as Americas most successful thief of antique maps. See also Finnegan (2005) for the similar map thieveries of E. Forbes Smiley III. FIELDS: 2-Star/Maps/
Hastedt, Glenn, Ph.D. (1950- ) iii Estimating Intentions in an Age of Terrorism: Garthoff Revisited, Defense Intelligence Journal, Vol.14, No.1 (2005), 47-62. Examines 10 flawed US governmental interpretations of post-9/11 terrorist organizations. Matches these to the 10-point list of errors identified by Garthoff (1978) as having pervaded US intelligence intention estimates of the USSR during the Cold War. Dr. Hastedt (Indiana U PhD in pol sci) was a Professor of Political Science at James Madison U. FIELDS: 3-Star/Terrorism/
Haswell, Jock (1919- ) The Intelligence and Deception of the D-Day Landings. London: Batsford, 1979, 185pp. LOC: Marine Corps Research Center. An incomplete and error-ridden effort, inexcusably so given the then available sources. Major Chetwynd John Drake Jock Haswell was a popular British military historian, who had been selected around 1970 by British MI to write its official history. REV: Constantinides (1983), 230-231. A thoroughly negative review. FIELDS: 0-Star/INTEL/Deception/
i The Tangled Web: The Art of Tactical and Strategic Deception. Wendover, Engl.: John Goodchild Publishers, 1985, 174pp. LOC: Pentagon; Marine Corps U; N. Arizona U. A mediocre introduction to military deception. Makes many good points along the way but placed in a grab-bag narrative of fact and, as documented by West (1985), 6-8, repeated & embroidered discredited espionage myths. Moreover, I wont take seriously any book on this topic of such a relatively recent date that doesnt even mention R. V. Jones or Dudley Clarke. At least its harmless rubbish, indeed better than most official field manuals on the subject. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Military/
Hauser, Marc D. (1959- ) ii Costs of deception: Cheaters are punished in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol.89, No.24 (15 Dec 1992), 12137-12139. LOC: BW (copy). Rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, were studied by both direct observation and field experiments. Those who attempted to conceal (by failing to call) their discovery of food from their group members, and were discovered with food, were
subjected to more aggression than the non-cheaters. The author concludes that Such costs may constrain the frequency with which deception occurs in this and other populations. (p.12137) Hauser is an evolutionary psychologist and Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Harvard. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/Cheating/Evolution/
iii "Tinkering with minds from the past," in Bock & Cardew (1997), 98-131. Notions on how animal and human brains have evolved to recognize numbers and detect their anomalies. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/Zoology/Evolution/
Hausman, Carl (1953- ) i Lies We Live By: Defeating Double-Talk and Deception in Advertising, Politics, and the Media. New York: Routledge, 2000, vi+229pp. LOC: Stanford; Sunnyvale PL; Oxford; U of Hong Kong. An adequate popular account to better inform consumers that had been misled and bilked. Dr. Hausman (PhD in Journalism from Union Institute) is Professor of Communication at Rowan University and a free-lance writer of many popular nonfictions. FIELDS: 1-Star/Media/Lying/
Hawley, W. M. i False Signatures on Swords. Hollywood, CA: W. M. Hawley, 1974, 2+12 unnumbered plates. A brief but comprehensive introduction to the authentication of true and false makers signatures on the tangs of antique Japanese swords. FIELDS: 1-Star/Antiques/
Hayakawa, S. I. (1906-1992) iii Language in Thought and Action. Fifth Edition, San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1990, xvii+287pp. Update of his 1940 popular classic. Probably the best and certainly the most clearly written book on the pitfalls of rhetoric and semantics. See also Korzybski (1933), Fearnside & Holther (1959), and Capaldi (1987). The Canadian-born Hayakawa was an English teacher and U.S. Senator (197783). FIELDS: 3-Star/Rhetoric/
Hayano, David M. (1942- ) i Poker Faces: The Life and Work of Professional Card Players. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982, 205pp. Includes a weak chapter on cheating with virtually nothing on detection. Based in large part on the authors skimpy fieldwork in poker rooms around 1970 as a professional anthropologist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Games/
Hayes, Stephen K., & Masaaki Hatsumi (1931- ) ii Secrets from the Ninja Grandmaster. Revised & Updated Edition, Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003, viii+136pp. LOC: Congress; Long Beach PL. The original edition, published in 1987, was based on the teaching of Grandmaster Toshitsugu Takamatsu (died in 1972). Both co-authors claim membership in the Black Belt Hall of Fame. Hayes, an American, took up martial arts as a teenager in the mid-1960s and studied under Grandmaster Masaaki Hatsumi. Dr. Hatsumi, a Japanese, had himself been a student of Toshitsugu Takamatsu. FIELDS: 2-Star/Sports/
Hayward, Charles H. (1898- ) iii Antique or Fake? The Making of Old Furniture. London: Evans Brothers Limited, 1970, 256pp; New York: St. Martins Press, 1971, 256pp. The English author was a prolific writer on furniture and furniture making. As a 14-yearold boy he apprenticed in 1912 as a cabinet maker in a shop of nearly 20 workers who labored 11 hours a day making reproductions and outright fakes of 18th century English pieces. See also Symonds (1923), Cescinsky (1931), Mailfert (1935), Kaye (1987), and Bly (2002), 8-68. FIELDS: 3-Star/Furniture/
Haywood, Ian (1958- ) i Faking It: Art and the Politics of Forgery. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987, 154pp. LOC: Frick. FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/
Hazlitt, William (1778-1830) iii On Wit and Humour, in the authors Lectures on the English Comic Writers (London: Taylor and Hessey, 1819), 1-53. Facsimile reprint, New York: Russell and Russell, 1969. The noted English essayists vigorous statement of the Incongruity Theory of humor. First in a series of his eight lectures at the Surrey Institution on The Comic Writers, &c. of Great Britain. See also Gerard (1759) and Leacock (1916, 1935, 1937). FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Healy, William (1869- ), and Mary Tenney Healy i Pathological Lying, Accusation, and Swindling: A Study in Forensic Psychology. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1915, x+286pp. LOC: Florida State U. An early and trivial criminological study by two American psychologists. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Hebb, D[onald] O. (1904-1985) iii The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory. New York: Wiley, 1949, 335pp. Also in PB. Revolutionary and influential work on perception by a Canadian neuropsychologist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/
Hebborn, Eric (1934-1996) iii Drawn to Trouble: The Forging of an Artist: an autobiography. Edinburgh: Mainstream Pub. Projects, 1991, 380pp. PB reprint as Master Faker (London: Pan, 1992). U.S. edition as Drawn to Trouble: Confessions of a Master Forger: a memoir. reprinted New York: Random House, 1993, 380pp. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/Biography/
iiii Confessions of a Master Forger: The updated autobiography. London: Cassell, 1997, 404pp. With an Epilogue by Brian Balfour-Oatts. (The text of this edition is identical to the two previous ones through page 375 and then both deletes and adds material.) LOC: BW. Hebborn, an English artist living in Rome, admitted burning down his elementary school at age eight. And forging some 500 old master drawings between 1963 and 1978 when his fakery was first detected. And then, changing his trademark techniques, forged another 500 up to 1988. And, as his updated books show, right on to his death. More on the refreshingly amoral Mr. Hebborn is in Hoving (1996), 188-194, and in the autobiography of Graham David Smith, Celebration (Edinburgh: Mainstream, 1994), Hebborns lover and business partner in forgery up to 1969. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Painting/Biography/
iiiii The Art Forgers Handbook. London: Cassell, 1997, xvii+200pp; Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1997, xvii+200pp. LOC: Getty; Princeton; Ringling Museum of Art (Sarasota); Toronto; Oxford. PB reprint, 2002. LOC: BW. The best-ever how-to book of art forgery. Richly detailed technical, commercial, and psychological tips on how to forge drawings and paintings that will deceive experts andby reverse engineeringhow to detect them. Leo Stevenson, a well-known London copyist, believes that Hebborn may have deliberately written errors of omission and commission. First, to protect his current and future forgeries by deliberately leaving out certain secrets. Second, to sabotage any copycat plagiarists by planting occasional bits of false information such as
recommending flake white as an antique pigment, although he surely knew it didnt get used in oil paint until around 1830. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 5-Star/Painting/Incongruity/ CLASSES: 600/601/
Heindl, Dr. Robert (1883-1958) ii System und Praxis der Daktyloskopie und der sonstigen technischen Methoden der Kriminalpolizei. 2nd edition, Berlin & Leipzig: Vereinigung wissenschaftlicher Verleger, 1922, x+655pp. LOC: Congress; British L; Columbia U. 3rd edition revised, Berlin & Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1927, viii+779pp. LOC: Congress. A classic textbook of fingerprinting by the great German pioneer criminalist. The 2nd edition was first textbook to discuss the forging of prints (in citing R. Austin Freemans 1907 novel, The Red Thumb Mark). Heindls 1st edition had been published in 1921. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Fingerprints/ Wilton (1938)
Heinrich, Edward Oscar (1881-1953) SEE UNDER: Block (1958) Helitzer, Melvin iii Comedy Techniques for Writers and Performers: The HEARTS Theory of Humor Writing. Athens, Ohio: Lawhead Press, 1984, 302pp. LOC: Congress; Central Washington U (Ellensburg, Wash.). Helitzer edits a collection of reprints, summaries, and original pieces. The first true howto text-book on humor. Draws heavily on Keith-Spiegel (1972). Helitzer left his career as an advertising executive in 1980 to teach journalism courses, including one titled Humor Writing for Fun and Profit at Ohio University. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
iiii Comedy Writing Secrets. Cincinnati: Writers Digest Books, 1987, 325pp. LOC: BW. Second best of the many comedy how-to books, the best being Allen (1993). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Humor/
Helmholtz, Hermann von (1821-1894) SEE: Warren & Warren (1968). Helpern, Milton, M.D. (1902-1977), with Bernard Knight (1931- ), M.D. i Autopsy: The Memoirs of Milton Helpern, the Worlds Greatest Medical Detective. New York: St. Martins Press, 1977, 273pp. Best-selling posthumous memoir of New York Citys Chief Medical Examiner, 1954-73, and an assistant & deputy M.E. there since 1931. A biography of Helpern is Marshall
Houtss Where Death Delights (1967) and a memoir of his subordinate and successor is Baden (1989). FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/Autopsy/
Henderson, Lieut.-Col. G[eorge] F[rancis] R[obert] (1854-1903) iii Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1898, 2 volumes. LOC: Congress; British L. 2nd edition: London: Longmans, Green, 1899, 2 volumes, xxiii+447pp+526pp. Introduction by Field-Marshal the Right Hon. Viscount Wolseley. LOC: Congress (NY 1900 edition); NPS (1913 ed.); Oxford. Colonel G. F. R. Henderson was Britains most unorthodox 19th Century military scholar. In this, his classic study of the American Civil War, he identifies a whole range of strategic (and tactical) ruses used by the Confederates, particularly by the highly unorthodox General Stonewall Jackson (1824-1863), and to which Henderson attributed their frequent attainment of surprise. See Hendersons index under Jackson: Military Maxims, mystifying and misleading, Strategy: concealment of movements, Strategy: deceiving the enemy, Strategy: luring enemy into false position, Tactics, concealment of force, Tactics: demonstrations, etc. Through this one book military deception was returned from America to Britain as a tradition however fragile. Henderson was given the very rare opportunity to apply his purely academic theories to war when two years later he accompanied Lord Roberts into the hitherto disastrous military quagmire of the Boer War. As head of Robert*s Intelligence Service, Colonel Henderson devised the carefully coordinated plan of feint-and-deception that relieved Kimberley and permitted the move against Bloeinfontein. It has significance for the rest of the story that a 29-year-old Major named Allenby was present and an even younger Second Lieutenant named Wavell soon joined this company. See also Jay Luvaas (editor), The Civil War : A Soldiers View (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1950); and Whaley (1969), 26-27. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Deception/Biography/
Henderson, George C. (1891- ) ii Keys to Crookdom. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1924, xix+429pp. Introduction by August Vollmer. LOC: UC-Berkeley; U of Central Florida; Oxford. Summarizes the not-too-shabby state-of-the-art in American criminology in the early 1920s. The author was a newspaper reporter. FIELDS: 2-Star/Criminology/
Henini, Mohamed, and Manijeh Razeghi (editors) iii Handbook of Infra-red Detection Technologies. Oxford: Elsevier, 2002, xiv+518pp. LOC: Annapolis. Highly technical textbook in 13 chapters from 20 contributors, all physicists. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Sensors/
Henry, E[dward] R[ichard] (1850-1931) ii Classification and Uses of Finger Prints. London: George Routledge and Sons, 1900, iv+112pp. Landmark textbook that established the most commonly used system for classifying fingerprints, the Henry System with its five classes: Right Loop, Left Loop, Whorl, Arch, and Tented Arch. Had its 8th and last edition in 1937. See also Galton (1892), Faulds (1905), Heindl (1922), and Cole (2001). Sir Edward Henry was serving in Bengal when he became interested in Galtons fingerprint system and in 1896 had the Bengal Police adopt it. He devised his own classification system the following year. Following his return to London he was appointed in 1901 as Assistant Commissioner of Scotland Yard in charge of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) where he established the fingerprint bureau, which naturally adopted the Henry System. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/ID/
Herbig, Katherine L[ydigsen] iii American Strategic Deception in the Pacific: 1942-44, in Handel (1987a), 260-300. The first (and still best) survey of this important but largely overlooked topic. Dr. Herbig is a historian. At the time of writing this article she was still on the faculty of the Department of Strategic Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School. She is now (2004) with the Defense Personnel Security Research Center in Monterey, California. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 600/ 3-Star/Deception/Japan/USA/Japan/ Rowe (1985)
________, and Donald C. Daniel (1944- ) iii Strategic Military Deception, in Maurer, Tunstall, & Keagle (1985), 270-293. Reprinted in Dearth & Goodden (1995), 263-283. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/Deception/Military/ Daniel & Herbig (1982a & 1983) Daniel & Herbig (1982b) Daniel & Herbig (1983)
________, Martin F. Wiskoff ii Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001. Monterey, CA: Defense Personnel Security Research Center, 2002, xviii+94pp+8+12. LOC: BW; Internet.
Analysis of the authors database of all 150 publically known cases. This study is particularly interesting because, despite its attempt to produce profiles, it found no patterns strong enough to predict much less detect potential turncoats. The most interesting conclusion was that as Very few people apply for access to classified information intending to commit espionage, consequently the optimal use of personnel security resources for countering espionage would focus more on periodic reevaluation and continuing assessment of experienced cleared personnel than on new applicants. Herbig & Wiskoff did this study at the Defense Personnel Security Research Center, Monterey, California. An earlier study of some 100 American turncoats is Thomas B. Allen & Norman Polmar, Merchants of Treason: American Secrets for Sale (NY: Dell, 1988). FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Profiling/
Herman, Michael (1929- ) iii Intelligence Services in the Information Age: Theory and Practice. London: Frank Cass, 2002, xi+252pp. Foreword by Peter Hennessy. LOC: NPS. Ostensibly a history and informed assessment of how the Anglo-U.S. national intelligence organizations fared during the cold war and after. In fact, a collection of the authors articles, only two of which are original. However, all these pieces merit our attention and thought. Herman had served in the British GCHQ 1952-87, including assignments with the Joint Intelligence Committee, Cabinet Office, and the Defence Intelligence Staff. Thence into academia as a Fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford. REV: Sigurd Hess in Journal of Intelligence History, Vol.1, No.1 (Summer 2001). Highly favorable. REV: Lt.-Cmdr. Frederick Parkinson in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.18, No.1 (Spring 2002), 206-209. Highly favorable. REV: Jeffrey Richelson in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.15, No.3. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/
Herrington, Stuart A. (1941- ) i Traitors Among Us: Inside the Spy Catchers World. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1999, xii+409pp. Anecdotal. Col. Herrington was with U.S. Army intelligence and counterintelligence for 30 years until his retirement in 1998. See also Pinto (1952), Wright (1987), and Cooper & Redlinger (1988). FIELDS: 1-Star/Counterintel/
Herschel, Sir William J. (1833-1917) i The Origin of Finger-Printing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1916, 41pp. LOC: Oxford. Sir Williams mistaken claim of priority for invention of finger-printing for ID purposes. Conclusively refuted by Laufer (1917). FIELDS: 1-Star/Fingerprints/
Hesk, Jon[athan P.] iiii Deception and Democracy in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge Hesk, University Press, 2000, viii+336pp. LOC: BW3; Stanford; U of Miami. A probing study that shows most Athenians were highly skeptical of the deceits of rhetoric and held a generally clear belief that, unlike our post-modernists, one could distinguish truth from falsity. Importantly cross-cultural by citing parallels in modern Western culture and politics. See also Wheeler (1988) and Campbell (2001), Chapters 3 & 4 (pp.43-73). Begun in 1991 as his doctoral dissertation at Cambridge, Dr. Hesk published it when Lecturer in Greek at the University of St. Andrews. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/601/ 4-Star/Deception/Pol/Mil/Greece/Cultures/
Hesketh, Roger [Fleetwood] (1902-1987) iiii Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign. London: St. Ermins, 1999, xxii+513pp. Introduction by Nigel West. LOC: Oxford; Cambridge; LSE. Reprinted Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2000. LOC: Air U; Marine Corps U. The British official history of the D-Day 1944 deceptions. Colonel Hesketh was one of the main FORTITUDE planners. See also Howard (1990). This is the long-hoped-for publication of the superb official history, which Hesketh wrote during the three years after the war. Some of us attempted unsuccessfully to help Roger find a publisher in his lifetime. Despite its great importance, all publishers approached in Britain and the USA turned it down as having too narrow an appeal. Contrary to Col. Heskeths explicit conditions, one or two manuscripts loaned by him to scholars were used to write up and publish summaries and analyses. See Barry D. Hunt, An Eyewitness Report of the Fortitude Deception: Editorial Introduction to [and excerpt from] R. F. Heskeths Manuscript, in Daniel & Herbig (1982), 224-242; and T. L. Cubbage, The Success of Operation Fortitude: Heskeths History of Strategic Deception, in Handel (1987), 327-346. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Deception/Military/Britain/
Heuer, Richards J., Jr. ii Quantitative Approaches to Political Intelligence: The CIA Experience. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1978, x+181pp. Heuer as editor. LOC: NPS. In response to a directive by CIA Director William Colby that CIA analysts experiment with unconventional methods of political analysis each of the two offices that dealt mainly with political analysis set up a small staff on methodology. These two teams and their parent offices were fused in 1976 as the Methods and Forecasting Division of the Office of Regional & Political Analysis (ORPA). Among the new quantitative methods from academia explored by these CIA analysts were Bayesian statistics, RANDs Delphi prediction system, regression analysis, and content analysis. This book, edited by Heuer, includes 7 papers prepared during this experimental period. Richards Dick Heuer is a CIA alumnus (from 1951 until retired in 1979) who
turned to the study of cognitive psychology and deception/counterdeception. Thence an Adjunct Professor in the Strategic Studies Department at the Naval Postgraduate School and most recently (since 2002) with the Defense Personnel Security Research Center in Monterey, California. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 2-Star/Statistics/
Do You Really Need More Information?, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.23, No.1 Spring 1979), 1525. Reprinted in Westerfield (1995), 218-231. iii Reprinted with modest editing in Heuer (1999), 51-63. An extraordinarily prescient analysis, particularly because it precedes and answers the information-overload doom-sayers of the so-called Information Revolution. See also Steury (2004). FIELDS: 3-Star/Communications/
ii "Strategic Deception and Counterdeception: A Cognitive Process Approach," International Studies Quarterly, Vol.25, No.2 (June 1981), 294-327. This is Heuers model of deception detection that has been the basis of the Agencys beginners course on the detection of deception since the mid-1980s through the 1900s. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterdeception/
iii Cognitive Factors in Deception and Counterdeception, in Daniel & Herbig (1982), 31-69. A slight revision of the above. See also Jervis (1976), Mullainathan & Shleifer (2004), and Linden (2005). FIELDS: 3-Star/Counterdeception/
iiiii Guidelines for Analyzing Competing Hypotheses. [Carmel, CA]: Nov 1986, 19pp. LOC: BW (copy). This original analytical method, the Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) was developed by Heuer in the mid-1980s after he retired from the Agency. I judge this Dicks most original and important paper. It is the starting point of the brightly promising Stech-Elsaesser ACH model (2004). As Heuer himself later (2005) told Stephen Marrin, his ACH concept of the diagnosticity of evidence ... came from the medical literature. I know of no better evidence for the value of cross-disciplinary stimulation for intelligence analysts and essentially so for those involved in counterdeception. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Logic/Counterdeception/ 603/
iiiii Nosenko: Five Paths to Judgment, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.31, No.3 (Fall 1987), 71-101. Reprinted in Westerfield (1995), 379-414. Case studies like this have a certain stand-alone interest but they can contribute to
theory development only if taken as models suitable for replication and creation of a database of similar cases. Like Wohlstetters superb but interestingly flawed Pearl Harbor (1962) and Whaleys Codeword BARBAROSSA (1973), this fine paper by Heuer was so intended. Strongly endorsed by both J. Ransom Clark and Frank Stech and seconded by myself. Heuer himself later explained: The long-term value of this article is not what it says about Nosenko or Angleton, but the lessons about how bona fides analysis in general should be done. (Comment to J. Ransom Clark, Apr 1998). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ CLASSES: 5-Star/HUMINT/Counterdeception/ 603/
iii Soviet Organization and Doctrine for Strategic Deception, in Dailey & Parker (1987), 2153. A thorough exposition. Most of what Heuer wrote then still applies. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/
iiii Psychology of Intelligence Analysis. [Langley, VA:] Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1999, xxvi+184pp. LOC: BW; NPS; http://www.odci.gov/csi. Collected and reedited papers written by the author for internal use by CIA 1978-1986. Very highly recommended by Clark, Wirtz, Stech, and myself. REV: James J. Wirtz in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.14, No.2 (Summer 2001), 279-281. Highly favorable. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/INTEL-analysis/
iiiii Analysis of Competing Hypotheses, in Heuer (1999), 95-109. Heuer further refines his ACH theory. His new (2006) software is available at www2.parc.com/isti/projects/ach/ach.html. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ 5-Star/INTEL-analysis/ CLASSES: 603/
Hiatt, Alfred ii The Making of Medieval Forgeries: False Documents in Fifteenth-Century England. London: The British Library, 2004, xiv+226pp. LOC: Colorado State U; Frick; British L. This was Dr. Hiatts PhD dissertation from Cambridge. At time of publication he was Lecturer in Old & Middle English at the University of Leeds. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Hickey, Eric W. iii Serial Murderers and Their Victims. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Second Edition, 1997, xvii+301pp. Analyzes 399 serial murders to find common their factors. Includes a serious and welcome critique of profiling (pp.256-257). The 1st edition had appeared in 1991. See also Ressler (1988), Douglas (1995), and Athens (1997). Dr. Hickey is a social psychologist and criminologist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Profiling/
Higgins, E. Tory (1946- ) ii Self-Discrepancy: A Theory Relating to Self and Affect, Psychological Review, Vol.94, No.3 (1987), 319-340. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Introduces the authors own self-discrepancy theory. Dr. Higgins (1973 Columbia PhD), then at New York University, has been a Professor of Psychology at Columbia since 1989. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
Higham, Charles (1931- ) ii The Adventures of Conan Doyle: The Life of the Creator of Sherlock Holmes. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1976, 368pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. With much solid research, this is one of the better biographies of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle; and, for our narrow purposes here, more useful than the more recent ones by Booth and Stashower. Higham, an Englishman, had been an effective interviewer and theatrical-movie biographer until the 1980s when he slipped into unnecessarily sensationalized biographies, particularly those of Orson Welles and Errol Flynn. FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/
Hilderbrand, Dwayne S., CLPE ii Footwear, The Missed Evidence, Minutiae: The Lightning Powder Co. Newsletter (Nov-Dec 1995), 2-5, 11. A handy summary of forensic shoe prints by the Lead Latent Print Examiner with the Scottsdale, Arizona, Crime Lab. See also Abbott (1964), Cassidy (1980), and Bodziak (1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Impressions/
Hilgard, Ernest R. (1904-2001) ii Creativity and Problem-solving, in Harold H. Anderson (editor), Creativity and Its Cultivation (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1959), 162-180. LOC: San Diego PL. Argues that creativity isnt limited to the highly gifted geniuses. Hilgard, who was a world-famous senior professor of psychology at Stanford is, oddly, not cited by Weisberg (1993) in pressing the same thesis. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Hill, Sir George F. (1867-1948) ii Becker the Counterfeiter. London: Spink and Son, 2 volumes, 1924 & 1925, 72+39pp; reprint in 1 volume, London: Spink and Son, 1955, 72+39pp. And facsimile reprints in Brussels (1961) and Chicago (1977). LOC: Getty; American Numismatic Association. Scholarly study of Carl Wilhelm Becker (1772-1830), counterfeiter of rare ancient coins, who worked in various German cities from around 1806 until exposed in 1819. Beckers known counterfeits (probably a nearly complete list) cover 134 Greek, 149 Roman, and 86 other later coins. Hill was a noted numismatist at the British Museum. See also Sestini (1826), Fleming (1975), 121-122, and Sayles (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Coins/Biography/
Hillam, J[ennifer], and others ii Dendrochronology of the English Neolithic, Antiquity, Vol.64, No.243 (1990), 210-220. LOC: BW (copy). Wherein a team of European tree-ring specialists dramatically demonstrate the precision that dendrochronology can sometimes attain. In this case successfully dating the year of construction in Neolithic times of Sweet Track, the wooden pathway crossing the Somerset Levels. It had been built from trees felled in the Winter of 3807-3806 BC! Hillam is an English archaeologist at Sheffield University. FIELDS: 2-Star/Archaeology/Dendrochronology/
________, Jennifer iii Dendrochronology: Guidelines on producing and interpreting dendrochronological dates. London: English Heritage, 2000, 35pp. LOC: U of North Carolina; National L of Scotland. Excellent concise introductory text. Points to the great advances in tree-ring dating in the British Isles that just within the last quarter of the 20th Century took dating back to 5,000 BC. FIELDS: 3-Star/Dendrochronology/
Hilton, Ordway (1913-1998) i Scientific Evaluation of Questioned Documents. Revised Edition, New York: Elsevier North Holland, Inc., 1982, xv+424pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; British L; U of Hong Kong. Standard but dull textbook. The original edition had been published in 1956. See
instead Nickell (1996). Mr. Hilton (MA) was a leading American questioned document examiner who later (1983) got fooled into authenticating the Hitler Diaries. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
iii Detecting and Deciphering Erased Pencil Writing. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1991, vii+125pp. LOC: Congress; CalStateU-Fresno. The premier textbook of its subject. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/Documents/ Turner & Hilton (1949)
Hines, Stephen (editor) i The True Crime Files of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. New York: Berkley Prime Crime, 2001, viii+290pp. Introduction with summary by Steven Womack. LOC: Santa Cruz PL. Covers only the well-known Edalji (pp.1-129) and Slater (pp.221-288) cases but richly documents them. Oddly, we have to turn to Womacks introduction get any overall analysis. A wider view of Doyle as detective is Costello (1991). For those who prefer fiction to fact there is Barnes (2005), which I, apparently alone, consider an abysmal novel. Stephen W. Hines is an American writer and editor. FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
Hinkle, Douglas P. (1923- ) i Faces of Crime. Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers, Ltd.,1989, 201pp. LOC: BW. Memoirs of a police sketch artist. Hinkle had been a soldier, painter, poet, teacher (professor of Spanish Lit & Romance languages at Ohio U), veteran part-time police sketch artist, and police officer and forensic artist in Ohio and Virginia (from 1982 to retirement). See also Boylan (2000). FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/ID/
ii Mug Shots: A Police Artists Guide to Remembering Faces. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 1990, vii+119pp. LOC: BW. See also Penry (1971) for an earlier and more detailed version not included in Hinkles bibliography. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/ID/
Hinsley, F. H. (1918-1998), and C. A. G. Simkins ii British Intelligence in the Second World War, Volume Four (Security and CounterIntelligence). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, xii+408pp. LOC: BW; NPS. The official British history of their security and CI organizations and operations in WW II. Accurate about organizational history, weak on operations, overall cluttered and boring. Reveals many (but far from all) their secrets. Surprisingly thin documentation for a British official history. Given the senior authors credentials, a better job might have been expected. See also Howard (1990). Sir Harry Hinsley was a Cambridge historian who, during the war, had worked with the Bletchley codebreakers. And Anthony Simkins had been with the MI5 Security Service in addition to have spent 1941-43 as a POW of the Italians. REV: Constantinides (1983), 235-236, gives a damning critique that ends by quoting former MI5 director Oldfields remark that this book had been written by a committee, about committees, for committees. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterintel/Britain/
Hinton, H. E. (1912-1977) ii "Natural Deception," in Gregory & Gombrich (1973), 97-159. Useful summary of animal deceivers by a distinguished British entomologist. See also Owen (1980) and Trivers (1985). FIELDS: 2-Star/Zoology/Deception/
Hirstein, William ii Brain Fiction: Self-Deception and the Riddle of Confabulation. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2005, vi+289pp. LOC: Stanford; CalTech; U of La Verne (CA); British L. Although most dramatically & commonly seen in mental patients (particularly schizophrenics, Alzheimers, and Korsakoffers), the author shows that confabulation is found in lesser degrees in normal people. Dr. Hirstein, a philosopher (PhD from UC-Davis) and neuro-scientist, chairs the tiny philosophy department at Elmhurst College. FIELDS: 2-Star/Self-deception/
Hitz, Frederick P. (1939- ) iii The Great Game: The Myth and Reality of Espionage. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004, 211pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. Contrasts the fictional and real worlds of spies and counterintelligence officers. He does so systematically across 17 chapters, each given to a specific topical category such as recruitment, training, tradecraft, motivation, etc. Intelligent and analytical thoughtful and, given that the author was an insider, pleasantly fair and not overly rah-rah. See also Richelson (2003).
Hitz, a Harvard Law School graduate (1964 JD), joined CIA in 1967-73 & again 1978 until rising to become its Inspector General 1990-1998. At that point he joined the faculty at Princetons Woodrow Wilson School. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.48, No.3 (2004). FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/Counterintel/
Ho Ming-chih Ta-ku-chai-po-wu-hui-chih. Peking: 1919, 2 volumes with interleaved French translation. LOC: not seen. Van Gulik describes this small book by a Chinese curio dealer as giving detailedbut not always reliableinformation on the production of fakes. FIELDS: ?-Star/Antiques/China/
Hoare, Oliver (editor) iiii Camp 020: MI5 and the Nazi Spies. Richmond: Public Record Office, 2000, vii+376pp. LOC: Congress; FBI Academy; U of Idaho; U of Toronto; Oxford. A 30-page Introduction by editor Hoare explains the extraordinary and extraordinarily important main text, cutely titled A Digest of Ham. That was the two-volume British official history of MI5's interrogation center at Latchmere House at Ham near Richmond. This history was written soon after the war and remained classified until 1999. Of extraordinary value today in showing how to most efficiently and effectively interrogate reluctant German prisoners during wartime and with no need for torture. More than 400 German spies and suspect spies were interrogated at Latchmere. See also Pinto (1952). Toliver & Scharff (1979), Mackey (2004). The anonymous principal author was the rather eccentric Lieut.-Col. Robin W. G. Tin-Eye Stephens, who had headed the center throughout WW II. Editor Hoare is a military historian at the Public Record Office. REV: M. R. D. Foot, in Times Literary Supplement (2 Mar 2001). Commends. REV: Emily Wilson in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.17, No.1 (Spring 2002), 161-163. Favorable. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.47, No.4 (2003). Recommends only as a road map to research. REV: Lt. Col. Steven M. Kleinman (USAFR) in Defense Intelligence Journal, Vol.14, No.2 (2005), 86-88. Recommends highly. FIELDS: 4-Star/HUMINT/Interrogation/
Hobsbawm, Eric, (1917- ), and Terence Ranger (editors) ii The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, vi+322pp. LOC: BW (copy of Hs Introduction). Six intriguing case studies by as many authors of the deliberate manufacture of fake traditions by various governments, nationalist and radical organizations, and cultural groups to enhance their power or prestige. Also recommended by my colleague, Prof. Anna Simmons, an anthropologist at the Naval Postgraduate School. See also Ryan (2003).
Professor Hobsbawm is a prominent and respected and unapologetic British Marxist economic and social historian. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cultures/
Hocking, John E[dward] (1948- ), and Dale G. Leathers (1938- ) i Nonverbal Indicators of Deception: A New Theoretical Perspective, Communication Monographs, Vol.47 (Jun 1980), 119-131. LOC: U of S. Florida; BW (copy). An inconclusive study. Derived from Hockings 1976 doctoral dissertation from Michigan State University, "Detecting Deceptive Communication from Verbal, Visual and Paralinguistic Cues: An Exploratory Experiment" (149pp). See Ekman (1985). The co-authors were assistant and associate professors, respectively, in communication at the U of Georgia. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Hockney, David (1937- ) ii Secret Knowledge: rediscovering the lost techniques of the old masters. London: Thames and Hudson, 2001, 296pp. The famous English modern artist turns Sherlock and argues that since the early 15th Century many Western painters (notably Caravaggio, Georges de la Tour, and Vermeer) set the scene for their masterpieces by revolutionizing painting technique through the use of optical devicesfirst the lens-based camera obscura room, then the prism-on-astick camera lucida. While conceding that many art historians have argued that certain painters, notably Canaletto and Vermeer, had used optical aids, Hockney lays an unchallenged claim to being the first to suggest that optics were used as widely, or as early as he argues in this book. He began to develop this theory in 1999. A brilliant supposition supported by much interesting but not quite conclusive evidence. Marred by its occasional fudging by omission of some contrary evidence. REV: Tom Phillips, "Optical Magic," Times Literary Supplement (2 Nov 2001), 12. A balanced critique. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/IMINT/
Hocus Pocus Junior (flourished 1630s) ii The Anatomie of Legerdemain; or the Art of Jugling. London: printed by T.H. for R.M., 1634, 28 unnumbered leaves. A facsilime reprint was published in 1997. This is the earliest English-language text devoted entirely to magic tricks and how to do them. In fact, most are described and illustrated in sufficient detail, including patter, that a modern conjuror could build a complete act, as master magician Jeff Busby had once intended to do. It also makes the earliest published references to 3 classic magic tricks Bonus Genius, Barbers Pole, Cap & Pence and two pieces of apparatus (coin box and close-up pad). Based mainly on Scot (1584) and Rid (who had published in 1612) but with some additional tricks plus a new and well-informed description of the Cups-&Balls. The text implies an educated amateur writer. And he explicitly states that he was a strictly amateur magician taught as a spectator of divers professors who, as he added next year in the 2nd edition, performed at Londons great Bartholomew Fair. That
1635 edition also specified that his teachers included my Senior, presumably one of the aforementioned professors who worked that fair. Indeed his Senior was almost certainly William Vincent who was first licensed to perform the art of Legerdemaine in 1613 and dead by 1667. FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/
Hodgson, Richard (1855-1905) ________, & S. J. Davey iiii The Possibilities of Mal-Observation and Lapse of Memory from a Practical Point of View, Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol.4 (London: 1887), 381-495. These two pioneer psychic researchers, English amateur magician Mr. S. J. Davey in collaboration with Australian lawyer and amateur magician Dr. Richard Hodgson staged sance phenomena (using Daveys usual conjuring tricks) for a series of subjects (sitters) who then wrote up what they recalled having just seen. Their 114-page report in 1886 documented how their subjects tended to omit important events, invent others, and recall events out of sequence. Important mainly because this was, I believe, the worlds first study to identify and prove these now generally accepted eyewitness oversights of perception and slips of memory. This and the following work by Hodgson and Davey is cited in Tanner (1910), 332-334; A. T. Baird, Richard Hodgson (London: Psychic Press, 1949), 21-30; and Wiseman (1997), 20. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Psi/Perception/Memory/
________ iii Mr. Daveys Imitations by Conjuring of Phenomena Sometimes Attributed to Spirit Agency, Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol.8 (1892), 253-310. LOC: BW (copy). FIELDS: 3-Star/Psi/
Hoettl, Wilhelm (1915-1999) Unternahmen Bernhard. Wels: Verlag Welsermhl, 1955, 291pp. LOC: Congress. i Hitlers Paper Weapon. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1955, 187pp. Translated by Basil Creighton. LOC: Congress. The first published account of Operation BERNHARD, the Nazi counterfeiting of English banknotes. During Adolf Eichmanns genocide trial in Israel, Dr. Hoettl was deposed in 1961 admitting that hed written this book with substantial literary embellishment, since this is the only way to sell enough copies, purely historical works not being known as commercial successes. See also Bloom (1957) and Burke (1987). Dr. Hoettl (1938 University of Vienna doctorate in history) was an Austrian who served in the Nazi SSs RHSA intelligence service as a major. Post-war he sold increasingly fabricated information to the OSS and other international intelligence services. FIELDS: 1-Star/Currency/
Hoffman, Paul (1956- ) ii The Man Who Loved Only Numbers: The Story of Paul Erds and the Search for Mathematical Truth. New York: Hyperion, 1998, 301pp. Biography of the great Hungarian mathematician Paul Erds (1913-1996). See also Schechter (1998). FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/Math/
Hofmann, Mark (1954- ) SEE: Worall (2002) Rosenblum (2000) Hogarth, Robin M. (1942- ) iiii Educating Intuition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2001, xii+335pp. LOC: CalStateU-Monterey Bay. Sees intuition as an unconscious but rational process in decision making. But finds it effective only to the degree each person is experienced in any one domain. However, if one is taught the principles by which intuition acts, that person can improve decision making in familiar domains as well as enter new ones more efficiently. Consequently Hogarth argues that intuition is teachable. See also Berne (1949), Westcott (1968), Vaughn (1979), Abernathy & Hamm (1995), and Goldberg (2005). Dr. Hogarth (1972 Chicago PhD in business) is a British citizen now working in Barcelona as a research professor. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 4-Star/Intuition/ CLASSES: 601/603/
Hollien, Harry ii Forensic Voice Identification. San Diego: Academic Press, 2002, xiii+240pp. An authoritative history and advocacy. Hollien claims 40 years experience in forensic acoustics. REV: Dr. Puneet Setia & Avneesh Gupta in Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.4, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Hollywood, John, Diane Snyder, Kenneth N. McKay, John E. Boon iii Out of the Ordinary: Finding Hidden Threats by Analyzing Unusual Behavior. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2004, xxv+188pp. LOC: BW (copy); http://www.rand.org/publications/MG/MG126/. Proposes their Atypical Signal Analysis and Processing (ASAP) schema. FIELDS: 3-Star/Incongruity/
Holmes, Ronald M., and Stephen T. Holmes ii Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool. 2nd Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996, xiii+208pp. A what-is-it and how-to text on criminal profiling of serial killers, arsonists, rapists,
pedophiles. Includes how to build a suitable data base. Based in part on the authors participation in the investigation of numerous violent crimes in the USA. The first edition (by Ronald Holmes only) appeared in 1989. Prof. Holmes is a Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Louisville, Kentucky. See also Athens (1997). FIELDS: 2-Star/Profiling/
Holmes, Warren D. ii Criminal Interrogation: A Modern Format for Interrogating Criminal Suspects Based on the Intellectual Approach. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Inc., 2002, xv+149pp. LOC: U of Toronto. Practical guidelines and procedures. But, contrary to the hyped-up subtitle, nothing particularly modern or intellectual. The author is a prominent professional interrogator and lecturer on interrogation techniques, including polygraphing. Mr. Holmes served with the Miami PD 1950-63 during which time, in 1955, he graduated from the Keeler Polygraph Institute in Chicago. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Holst, Johan Jrgen (1937-1994) ii Surprise, Signals and Reaction: The Attack on Norway April 9th 1940 Some Observations, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol.1 (Stockholm: 1966), 31-45. LOC: BW3 (copy); Augustana College (Rhode Island). The first case-study replication of the Wohlstetter signals-noise model of surprise attack. Indeed, I believe this the only attempt to replicate Wohlstetter prior to Whaley (1969 & 1973). Concludes, as did Wohlstetter, that the Norwegian case was one of signalsnoiseIt is, of course, not very difficult to sort the irrelevant signals when we enjoy the benefit of historical hindsight. See Whaley (1969), A177-A182. Dr. Holst, twice Norwegian Minister of Defense, ended his career as Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1993-94. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/
Holt, Patricia (1944- ) ii The Bug in the Martini Olive: And Other True Cases from the Files of Hal Lipset, Private Eye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1991, 311pp. Of special value because the author had herself worked four years as an investigator for Lipset in the mid-1970s before turning to journalism. FIELDS: 2-Star/Investigation/
Holt, Robert I., and Robert W. Van de Velde Tactics of Deception in Psychological Operations, in Ronald De McLaurin & others (editors), The Art and Science of Psychological Operations, Vol .Two (Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army, Apr 1976), 760-761. LOC: CalStateU-Fullerton. Inconsequential. Mainly a rehash of The Man Who Never Was ruse and Allied Black Radio ops. An extract from the authors book, Strategic Psychological Operations and American Foreign Policy (Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1960), 33-35.
Holt was a professor of political science at the U of Minnesota. Col. Van de Velde was a career Army officer, 1935-57. FIELDS: 0-Star/Deception/
Holt, Thaddeus iiii The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War. New York: Scribner, 2004, xx+1148pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Air U; Marine Corps U; FBI Academy. A solid, well-documented account. The author is a lawyer and amateur military historian who obtained extraordinary access to American archives. Supercedes the overrated Brown (1975). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Deception/Military/
Holzer, Henry Mark (1933- ), and Erika Holzer (1935- ) ii Fake Warriors: Identifying, Exposing, and Punishing Those Who Falsify Their Military Service. [Philadelphia]: Xlibris Corporation, 2003, xiv+263pp. LOC: Congress. An in-depth study of this particular type of impostor. See Chapter Three: Identifying and Exposing Fake Warriors (91-154). Both Holzers are lawyers (JDs from New York University) and non-fiction authors. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/
Honts, Charles R., and Susan L. Amato iiii Countermeasures, in Kleiner (2002), 250-264. A survey and evaluation of the various methods for defeating polygraph tests. Both co-authors, Dr. Honts and Ms. Amato, are in the Boise State University Psychology Department. FIELDS: 4-Star/Interrogation/
Hook, Ernest B. (editor) ii Prematurity in Scientific Discovery: On Resistance and Neglect. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002, xx+378pp. LOC: UC-Santa Clara. A collection of 25 papers on the tendency of many scientists to resist or overlook major theories and findings when they are first proposed. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/
Hoopes. Roy (1922- ) i Ralph Ingersoll: A Biography. New York: Atheneum, 1985, xiv+441pp. Foreword by Max Lerner. Biography of Ralph Ingersoll (1900-1985), the maverick left-wing American publisher
and WW II U.S. Army deception planner, famous for his improvised invention during the 1944 Battle of the Bulge of Operation KODAK, the Two Pattons Ruse. Hoopes was an American journalist and biographer. FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
Hopkins, Charles H. (1899-1948) iiii "Outs": Precautions and Challenges. Philadelphia: Chas. H. Hopkins & Co., 1940, 79pp. LOC: Congress. The classic pamphlet on the subject of the magicians' "out". Although designed for conjurors specializing in card work, it is relevant to all branches of magic and, indeed, all forms of deception. Highly recommended by master magician Abb Dickson. Ghosted by Walter S. Fogg (1890-1942). Hopkins, the nominal author, was a Philadelphia philanthropist and amateur magician who paid for the publication of this monograph. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/601/603/ 4-Star/Magic/
Hopkins, David M. (1941- ), Lewis T. Kontnik, Mark T. Turnage iii Counterfeiting Exposed: Creating and Protecting Your Brand and Customers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003, xvi+320pp. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento; Columbia; Oxford. A comprehensive textbook. See particularly Chapter 12 (Anticounterfeiting Technology Solutions, pp.249-262). The authors bring together a broad range of expert experience in this subject. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Camouflage/
Horowitz, Arthur iii Role of the FDA, NIH, and other bodies in the United States, in Lock, Wells & Farthing (2001), 105-125. On the effectiveness of the FDA and other American organizations in preventing and detecting fraud and misconduct in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. This article replaces the one by Shapiro (1993) in the earlier editions Dr. Horowitz was the proprietor of Arthur M. Horowitz and Associates, an East Coast consulting firm handling oversight of audits and SOP in the pharmaceutical industry. FIELDS: 3-Star/Medicine/Fraud/
Horowitz, I. A. (1907-1973), and Fred Reinfeld (1910-1964) ii Chess Traps, Pitfalls, and Swindles. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954, 243pp. Also in PB. The authors fulfill their three-fold promise (p.7) to show How to set them. How to see through them. How to parry them. The most popular of some half-dozen Englishlanguage books on this specialized subject. On chess thinking see De Groot (1965).
Israel Horowitz was a three-time U.S. Open Champion and chess editor of The New York Times. Reinfeld was a distinguished chess writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Games/
Horse Capture, George P. (1937- ) ii Artifacts / Artifakes: The Proceedings of the 1984 Plains Indian Seminar. Cody, Wyo.: Buffalo Bill Historical Center, 1992, 73pp. LOC: U of Toronto. This book prints six of the 17 papers on this theme presented in 1984 at the 8th Plains Indian Seminar. The printed articles include Norman Feder, How to Avoid Buying Artifakes (pp.11-16); Toby Herbst, The Forgery of Native American Art and Its Detection (pp.17-29); Benson L. Lanford, Indian-Made Conversion (pp.31-36; Richard A. Pohrt, Some Remarkable Reproductions ... of Richard A. Chandler (pp.37-41; Bill Holm, Four Bears Shirt (pp.43-59), and Mark Miller, Artifake Detection (pp.61-69). A later supplementary paper is Richard W. Edwards, Jr., Plains Indian Art Reproductions: The Law (Cody, Wyoming: Buffalo Bill Historical Center, 1993, 33pp). See also Sheffield (1997). Horse-Capture, a Plains Indian from Montana, was Curator of the Buffalo Bill Historical Center 1980-1990 and then with the Smithsonian Institution. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Antiques/
Houck, Max M. (editor) ii Mute Evidence: Trace Evidence Analysis. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001, xxxi+192pp. A collection of 10 original papers by as many experts. Houck was with the FBI Laboratorys Trace Evidence Unit. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Houdt, Toon van (1966- ), and others (editors) ii On the Edge of Truth and Honesty: Principles and Strategies of Fraud and Deceit in the Early Modern Period. Leiden: Brill, 2002, xiv+292pp. LOC: Congress; Texas Tech. Using 12 case studies, the books 5 editors and 11 contributors attempt to describe and explain the prevalence of deception throughout early modern Western Europe (roughly 1500-1750) and explore the practices and theories devised by the people of that period. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/
Houghton, Beth iii Art libraries as a source of false provenance, paper delivered 5 Aug 2003 at the World Library and Information Congress in Berlin. LOC: BW (copy). A sharp analysis arising from the Drewe-Myatt painting forgery case that surfaced in the 1990s. See also Booth (2003). Houghton is Head of the Tate Gallery Library & Archive. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/
House iii USA: Fox-TV, 2004-2005-in progress. TV medical drama series. David Shore is the series creator and executive producer. The premise, which surfaces in every segment, is that the skilled hospital staff makes a conventional but wrong diagnosis. Dr. Gregory House (played by British actor Hugh Laurie) is a grumpy no-bedside manner physician but brilliant diagnostician who steps in to set them straight. I include this fiction here because its the only systematic fiction in any medium that consistently operates by an Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) method. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/Medicine/
Housworth, Gordon iiii Signals, Sprignals and Noise: Deception Analysis in Financial Events, The Journal: A publication of Stout/Risius/Ross (Fall 2005), 20-22. Applies the Whaley Incongruity Analysis model (plus inputs from Harris, Stech and Boyd) to the 2001 Enron Corp collapse. The author recommends this model for identifying the sprignals (spurious signals) that red-flag an on-going deception in order to predict likely future events in the corporate environment. Houseworth refers to the Incongruity Analysis theory as this current deception paradigm. This is, I believe, the second published effort to apply the Whaley Incongruity Analysis theory to events in the world of business. See also Johnson & Berryman (2001). Housworth, Managing Partner at Intellectual Capital Group LLC. (ICG), has been a long-time correspondent with MITREs Frank Stech. FIELDS: 4-Star/Business/Deception/
Hoving, Thomas (1931- ) i The Game of Duplicity, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Vol.26, No.6 (Feb 1968), 241-246. Adapted by Hoving from his public seminar in late November 1967 at the Museum of which he was then its new Director. Dr. Hoving was a curator at New Yorks Metropolitan Museum of Art 1959-67 and its controversial celebrity Director 1967-77. He is a notable fakebuster (as he calls them) and practical joker. His own role in museum development was described in John McPhee, A Roomful of Hovings and Other Profiles (1985). FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/
iiii False Impressions: The Hunt for Big-Time Art Fakes. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996, 366pp; London: Andre Deutsch, 1996, 366pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW: Pacific Grove PL. An amusing, intelligent, and highly informative memoir of the authors career among art fakes. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/602/603/ 4-Star/Art/
Howard, Michael (1922- ) iiii British Intelligence in the Second World War, Volume Five (Strategic Deception). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990, xiii+271pp. LOC: BW; Air U; Marine Corps U. The official British history. This eagerly and long awaited work had begun in late April 1971 when Whitehall authorized that it be written by Peter Fleming who had headed deception planning for Wavell and Mountbatten in the CBI Theatre in WW II. Flemings sudden death on August 18th interrupted the effort, which was reassigned to the distinguised military historian, Michael Howard. Although Sir Michael completed the manuscript in 1980, publication was unexpectedly delayed a decade by order of Prime Minister Thatcher herself. See also Cruickshank (1979). Howard, an Englishman, had been a student of Masterman and Trevor-Roper at Oxford in 1945. Hed become an official British historian in 1958. At the time of writing this text Sir Michael was Chichele Professor of War Studies at Oxford. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/603/ 4-Star/Deception/Britain/
iiii Reflections on Strategic Deception. Austin, Texas: College of Liberal Arts, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, College of Liberal Arts, The University of Texas at Austin, 1994, 18pp. Published as British Studies Distinguished Lectures No.19". LOC: Cornell; Syracuse U; British L; Cambridge. Sir Michael uses the occasion of this guest lecture in Texas to give us the most detailed (and long-overdue) public washing of British dirty laundry over the declassifications of Her Majestys wartime top secrets. He limits his examples to the Allied strategic deceptions in the European-Near East theater leading to the D-Day surprise. FIELDS: 4-Star/Deception/Military/Britain/
Howe, Ellic (1910-1991) iii The Black Game: British Subversive Operations against the Germans during the Second World War. London: Michael Joseph, 1982, xii+276pp. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento. Account of British black propaganda operations during WW II. Excellent. Howe, an Englishman, was a student of European occult sects and other underground organizations. FIELDS: 3-Star/PSYOPS/
Howe, George (1898- ) ii Call It Treason. New York: Viking, 1949, 344pp. A novel of espionage. A US intelligence unit [OSS X-2] in Germany at the close of WW II launches a team of double agents into the Reich. Len Deighton called it the best spy novel of World War II. It was the basis of the Fox movie Decision Before Dawn (1951) starring Oskar Werner and Richard Basehart. George Locke Howe, a Harvard graduate and American novelist whose first effort had appeared in 1935. In WW II he served in Europe with the OSS unit, G-2, U.S.
Seventh Army, in Algeria and France, 1944-45. Responsible for documentation and cover stories, Howe received the Medal of Freedom. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/
Hoyle, Fred (1915-2001) ii Home is Where the Wind Blows: Chapters from a Cosmologists Life. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books, 1994, 443pp. Autobiography of a brilliant British astronomer and cosmologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/
Hoyt, Edwin P[almer] (1923- ) iii The Invasion Before Normandy: The Secret Battle of Slapton Sands. New York: Stein and Day, 1985, 212pp. LOC: NPS. On the secret planning, training, and ops including deception in Britain for D-Day, 1944. Hoyt, a resident of Tokyo, is a prolific American military historian. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Military/Britain/
Hrbjartsson, A[sbjorn], & P[eter] C. Gtzsche ii Is the placebo powerless? Update of a systematic review with 52 new randomized trials comparing placebo with no treatment, Journal of Internal Medicine, Vol.256 (2004), 91-100. LOC: BW3 (copy). The co-authors, both Danish MDs, stunned the international medical profession in a 2001 New England Journal of Medicine article that challenged the very notion of the placebo effect, for which see Beecher (1955). The 2001 paper, printed in this prestigious Journal, had been a secondary analysis of 114 randomized clinical trials. This new 2004 paper was updated with 52 additional trials. Conclusion: We reproduced the findings of our previous review and found no evidence that placebo interventions in general have large clinically useful effects. FIELDS: 2-Star/Medicine/
Huber, Jack (1918- ), and Dean Diggins i Interviewing Americas Top Interviewers: Nineteen Top Interviewers Tell All About What They Do. New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1991, 276pp. Great idea; missed opportunity. No general conclusions beyond the old start-em-talking clich. I expected more from co-author Huber, a PhD psychologist. Perhaps the fault lies largely in the poor choice of the 19 subjects interviewed. All but a couple of the subjects were basically nothing more than celebrity interviewers, that is, celebrities themselves with little talent for ferreting out facts from evasive quarries. FIELDS: 1-Star/Interrogation/Experts/
Huber, Peter W. (1952- ) i Galileos Revenge: Junk Science in the Courtroom. New York: Basic Books, 1991, viii+274pp. On the slow but generally effective way in which American courts have dealt with rival claims to scientific standing of various analytical, diagnostic, and remedial tests and methods, See also Ziskin (1995). Author Huber was a law student. FIELDS: 1-Star/
Huber, Dr. Thomas M. iii Pastel: Deception in the Invasion of Japan. Fort Leavenworth, Kan.: U.S. Army Command & General Staff College, Dec 1988, v+55pp. LOC: NPS; Naval War College; Air U; Marine Corps U. On PASTEL, the American deception plan to cover Operation OLYMPIC, the projected invasion of Kyushu, 1945. Important case because PASTEL represented the high-watermark of modern American strategic deception planning. Huber concludes that PASTEL conforms favorably with both the Whaleys Theory of Stratagem (pp.41-42, 44) and the Daniel & Herbig A & M type model (pp.42-44). Dr. Huber is a PhD in History from the University of Chicago. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Japan/
Huer, Jon ii The Great Art Hoax: Essays in the Comedy and Insanity of Collectible Art. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1990, 173pp. LOC: Getty; UC-Santa Cruz. An essay on the philosophy of art. Nutty but nice in that Dr. Huer, an American sociologist, scores a few hits on the authentication and authenticators of collectible paintings despite his post-modern bias. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Hughes-Wilson, Colonel John iii Military Intelligence Blunders. London: Robinson, 1999, xii+370pp; New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, Inc., 1999, xii+372pp. LOC: BW; Naval War College; Oxford. iiii Revised and updated edition as Military Intelligence Blunders and Cover-Ups. London: Robinson, 2004, x+438pp. LOC: Marquette U; Oxford. A perceptive analysis, based mainly on an in-depth look at nine cases of Intelligence failures from Barbarossa (1941) to Kuwait (1991), including his confessed assist in several cover-ups as well as making a few of his own. The revised and updated edition is identical to the original edition for pp.1-352 at which point it adds a chapter on 9/11. Otherwise minor additions. Col. Hughes-Wilson, a member of the RUSI, retired from the British Army in 1993 after 31 years service of which 20 had been in the Intelligence Corps. REV: Anthony James Joes in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.16, No.1 (Spring 2001), 355-356. Generally favorable.
CLASSES: FIELDS:
600/ 4-Star/INTEL/
Hulnick, Arthur S. (1935- ) ii Keeping Us Safe: Secret Intelligence and Homeland Security. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2004, xvii+238pp. Hulnick had been a 35-year intelligence professional, initially with the US Air Force and then, since 1965, the CIA. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Humphreys, Willard C. ii Anomalies and Scientific Theories. San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper & Company, 1968, 318pp. LOC: NPS. An analysis of how scientists deal with anomalous evidence. Based on Dr. Humphreys 1966 Yale PhD thesis. See also Reed (1972). FIELDS: 2-Star/Incongruity/
Hunt, Sir David (1913-1998) ii A Don at War. London: William Kimber, 1966, 288pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Superb and frank memoirs of a perceptive British Army Intelligence officer in the Mediterranean Theatre in WW II, from the campaign in Greece, through that in North Africa, to the one in Italy. Because of his post-war work with Field-Marshal Alexander, Hunts book profited from extraordinary access to official documents. And see Hunts chapter in Young & Stamp (1989), 53-67. See also Annan (1995). Hunt, a former Oxford anthropology don, followed his wartime experience by serving as British High Commissioner in Cyprus. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Spring 1967. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Biography/
Hunt, Morton (1920- ) i The Universe Within: A New Science Explores The Human Mind. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982, 415pp. Although a best-selling popular survey of the then fairly new field of cognitive psychology and published so long ago, it has held up well. The authors admirable skepticism let him report all sides of the controversies that still pursue studies of how we know and think. See also Neisser (1967). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/
Hunt, William R. (1919- ) i Front-Page Detective: William J. Burns and The Detective Profession, 1880-1930. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1990, 222pp. LOC: BW; NYU.
Best of the several biographies of Burns (1861-1932), a P.I. with the Furlong agency (1887-1889), U.S. Secret Service agent (1889-1909), founder of the Burns International Detective Agency (1909), and J. Edgar Hoovers predecessor as Chief of the Bureau of Investigation (1921-1924). The author is an historian specializing in true crime. FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
Hutton, Clayton iii Official Secret: The Remarkable Story of Escape Aids Their Invention, Production and the Sequel. London: Max Parrish, 1960, 195pp. LOC: Congress; Oxford. U.S. edition, New York: Crown Publishers, 1961, 212pp. LOC: BW. Important account by a British magic buff and journalist turned movie publicity flack, who developed escape-and-evasion gadgets for MI9 during WW II, mainly by applying principles of conjuring. Master magician Jeff Busby points to this book as one of the best examples of applying magical thinking to another field, specifically in the military intelligence arena by the micro-camouflage of natural-seeming gadgets for escape and evasion. See also Neave (1969), Foot & Langley (1979), Fraser-Smith (1981), Mendez (1999). REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 132. REV: Constantinides (1983) gives it high marks as a work on escape & evasion. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1960. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Escape&Evasion/
Hutton, Lois A. Psychology with Machiavellianism: Index of New Information for Reference and Research. Washington, DC: Abbe Publishing Association, 1997. FIELDS: ?-Star/Psychology/
Hutton, Stephen McKenzie ii Squadron of Deception: The 36thBomb Squadron in World War II. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1999, 215pp. LOC: Marine Corp Research Center; San Luis Obispo PL; British L. Detailed and lavishly illustrated history of the only radar countermeasures unit with the U.S. Eighth Air Force in Europe during World War Two. Flying in B-17s and B-24s, the 803rd (later renamed 36th) Bomb Squadron operated Jan 1944-Jun 1945. Covers both the unit operations and the R&D activities behind them. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825-1895) iiii On the Method of Zadig: Retrospective Prophecy as a Function of Science, The Nineteenth Century, Vol.7 (June 1880), 929-940. Reprinted in Collected Essays, Vol.4 (Science and Hebrew Tradition, London: Macmillan, 1893), 1-23. LOC: U of London.
Tongue-in-cheek style but serious intent in analyzing the logical method used by Voltaires comic character Zadig in the French philosophers short satirical novel titled Zadig, or Destiny (1748). See Chapter 3 where (Sherlock-like) Voltaire infers the correct and detailed description of both a dog and a horse from the trace evidence they left of their respective passages across a desert. Prof. Huxley, an English biologist, was one of the great and highly respected scientists of his time. He gave this essay originally (in 1880) as an address before the Working Mens College, London, one of those early admirable adult education schools in Britain. Huxley was seemingly unaware that the serendipitous element in Voltaires Zadig (1748) had come from Voltaires familiarity with the Oriental tale of the Three Princes of Serendip, which had recently (1712) appeared in a French translation of Christoforo Armenos Peregrinaggio di ... Serendippo (1557). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/603/ 4-Star/Logic/
Hybel, Alex Roberto iiii A Rational Theory of Surprise. Palo Alto: Stanford University, 1983, 426pp. LOC: University Microfilms; NPS. A fine piece of research and analysis. Presents his own A Theory of Surprise (Chapter Three, pp.43-111), although I see it as more of a primitive theory of deception than of surprise. Indeed, I question the possibility of a theory of surprise much less its utility (beyond its simple operational definition). This was Hybels PhD dissertation in political science at Stanford under Alexander George, Robert North, and Stephen Kasner. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Surprise/
iii The Logic of Surprise in International Conflict. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1986, xii+179pp. LOC: BW; NPS: Marine Corps U; MIT; CalStateU- Fresno. A deeply perceptive analysis. Includes a detailed & persuasive critique (pp.7-9, 21) of Whaleys Stratagem (1969) which he accepts with one major gap that his own study seeks to fill. It is by far the sharpest statement of the weaknesses in my initial (1969) statement of Deception Theory. Unfortunately his own systematic research is based on a sample of only four cases. While based closely on his own above doctoral dissertation, Hybel profited from the opportunity to reflect and read some additional majorly relevant sources. Dr. Hybel (1983 Stanford PhD in political science), an Argentinian and an assistant professor in IR at USC at the time of this publication has been a Professor of Government at Connecticut College since 1991. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/
Hyde, Lewis (1945- ) iii Trickster Makes This World: Mischief, Myth, and Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giraux, 1998, 417pp. LOC: BW; San Diego PL. A stimulating cross-cultural study of Trickster myths from the Greek Hermes, through the Chinese Monkey King and West African Eshu, to the Northern American Coyote. Sees
Trickster as a provocative role-model for subversive innovation in the many cultures it occurs. See also Basso (1987). Hyde, a former MacArthur Fellow, is Professor of Art and Politics at Kenyon College. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Cultures/Humor/
Hyde, Stephen, and Geno Zanetti (editors) ii Players: Con Men, Hustlers, Gamblers, and Scam Artists. New York: Thunders Mouth Press, 2002, x+397pp. LOC: Orange County PL (CA). A theory-free anthology of 36 fiction and non-fiction pieces and excerpts. On con artistry see also Gibson (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Maurer (1955), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Carey & Sherman (1976), McCormick (1976), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), Abagnale (2000), and Marlock (2001). The editors are British writers. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/Con/
Hyman, Ray (1928- ) iii The Nature of Psychological Inquiry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1964, xi+116pp. LOC: BW (copy). Dr. Hyman, a cognitive psychologist who took his PhD in 1953, was then (now retired) Professor of Psychology at the University of Oregon where for several years he taught a seminar on the "Psychology of Deception." He has performed magic since age seven and worked his way through college as a professional mentalist and palm reader. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Psychology/Deception/
iii Cold Reading: How to Convince Strangers That You Know All About Them, The Zetetic (Spring-Summer 1977), 18-37. Reprinted in Hyman (1989), 402-419. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Psi/
iii The Elusive Quarry: A Scientific Appraisal of Psychical Research. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1989, 447pp. LOC: BW. Collected articles and reviews by the author who is a prominent and appropriately skeptical investigator of psychic phenomena. See also Randi (1980), Marks & Kammann (1980), Lyons & Truzzi (1991), and Marks (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Psi/
iiii The Psychology of Deception, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.40 (1989), 133-154. LOC: BW; Florida Atlantic U. A valuable introductory survey of the history and theory of the entire field from con artists to gambling cheats and magicians, etc. Prof. Hyman concludes that a strong psychology of deception is possible, although he suggests a cross-disciplinary theory is apt to be the most effective result. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Psychology/Deception/Con/Games/Magic/
-IIannarelli, Alfred V[ictor] ii Ear Identification. Fremont, CA: Paramont Publishing Company, 1989, 213pp. Revised edition of The Iannarelli System of Ear Identification (Brooklyn: The Foundation Press, 1964), the classic text on earology, the identification of persons by the shape of their ears as recorded by 12 basic Bertillon-like anthropometric measurements. The author had begun this study in 1949. Identification by ear form has found some supporters in the USA and Holland. While plausible, so far no one has developed a sufficiently large data base to give scientific acceptance to earology theory. Ear evidence has been generally rejected by law courts. Iannarelli, an American, was a deputy sheriff in California. FIELDS: 2-Star/MASINT/ID/
Iannuzzi, John Nicholas (1935- ) ii Handbook of Cross-Examination: The Mosaic Art. 2nd edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998, 448pp. The author has practiced criminal law since 1962 and is also a popular novelist. See also Wellman (1903, 1936), Ehrlich (1970), Grano (1993), and Olaoba (2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Ibn Khaldn (1332-1406) iii Muqaddimah [Prolegomena to History]. Oran, Morocco: 1377. English translation by Franz Rosenthal as The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. 2nd Edition, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967, 3 vols. LOC: BW. Tunisian scholar and statesman Ibn Khaldn was the greatest of Arab social historians. He recognized the utility of guile over force in war. In his famous Prolegomena to History he argues that war is decided by two components: "external factors" such as the number of troops, quality of weapons, and skill in executing tactical evolutions; and by "hidden" or "psychological factors" that result from human ruse and trickery such as spreading false or alarming rumors and setting ambushes. Ibn Khaldn wisely notes that defeats the victim often attributes to (bad) "luck" are usually the calculated result of these invisible psychological factors. He concludes "that victory in war ... as a rule is the result of imaginary psychological factors. Numbers, weapons, and proper tactics may guarantee victory. However . . . all these things are less effective than the imaginary (psychological) factors .... Trickery is one of the most useful things employed in warfare. It is the thing most likely to bring victory. A tradition says: 'War is trickery'." Chap. Ill, Sections 35 and 48 (pp. 85-88, 130-131 in Rosenthal's translation). REV: Francis Robinson in Times Literary Supplement, No.5368 (17 Feb 2006), 11. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Arabia/
Ickes, William [John] (editor) iii Empathic Accuracy. New York: The Guilford Press, 1997, viii+352pp. LOC: BW; U of the Pacific (Calif.); Oxford. On interpersonal empathic and insight. Eleven articles by 23 specialists. Includes Ickess empathy test (Ch.10). See also Graham & Ickes (1997). Dr. Ickes (1973 PhD, Austin), an American experimental social psychologist, is a Professor of Psychology at the University of Texas (Arlington campus). FIELDS: 3-Star/Empathy/
iii everyday mind reading: understanding what other people think and feel. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2003, 349pp. Foreword by Elliot Aronson. LOC: BW3; Sacramento PL. Summarizes the authors 15 years of research on intuition/empathy, which he sees as a rational process. FIELDS: 3-Star/Intuition/Empathy/
Imperato, Pascal James, M.D. (1937- ) i Medical Detective. New York: Richard Marek Publishers, 1979, 272pp. LOC: NYU. Memoirs of an American epidemiologist in Africa and New York City since 1966. See also McCormick & Fisher-Hoch (1996) and Peters & Olshaker (1997). FIELDS: 1-Star/Epidemiology/
Inbau, Fred E[dward] (1909-1998), John E. Reid ( -1982), Joseph P. Buckley (1949- ) iii Criminal Interrogation and Confessions. Fourth Edition, adding Brian C. Jayne as a coeditor, Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, 2001, xvi+639pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; CalStateU-Los Angeles. A standard and influential manual on the subject and one of the more intelligent ones as compared to, say, Aubry & Caputo (1980). Its first edition, based on an enlargement of the second part of Inbaus Lie Detection and Criminal Interrogation (1953), had appeared in 1962. The 2nd edition was published in 1967; and the 3rd appeared in 1986. See also Aubry & Caputo (1980), Gudjonsson (1992), and Rabon (1992). Professor Inbau was a lawyer and criminologist who specialized in police interrogation techniques, particularly with the polygraph lie detector. Reid had been a leading Chicago crime lab and interrogation expert. Buckley had been since 1971 with John E. Reid & Associates, of which he is now President. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: CI/ 3-Star/Interrogation/ CLASSES: 603/
Reid & Inbau (1977) Moenssens, Inbau, & Starrs (1986)
Ingermanson, Randall (1958- ) iii Who Wrote the Bible Code?: A Physicist Probes the Current Controversy. Colorado Springs: WaterBrook Press, 1999, xii+180pp. The clearest and most damning critique of the so-called Bible Code foolishness that perturbed the 1990s. Includes enough statistics to enable anyone to test the validity of similar codes such as the Bacon-wrote-Shakespeare one. See also Friedman & Friedman (1957). Ingermanson is a PhD in physics (UC-Berkeley, 1986) working in San Diego as a computational physicist. His web site is http://www.rsingermanson.com. FIELDS: Ingersoll, Ralph (1900-1985) SEE: Hoopes (1985) Inman, Keith, and Norah Rudin iiii Principles and Practice of Criminalistics: The Profession of Forensic Science. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2001, xx+372pp. LOC: Brevard Community College (Cocoa, Florida). By far the best introductory textbook on criminalistics. Sound history, theory, and references, all written and formatted with unusual clarity and accessibility. A second edition adding the few omissions (such as MO and profiling pro & con) should yield a near-perfect work. See also Kirk (1953), Tuthill (1994), Saferstein (2004), and Osterburg & Ward (2004). Mr. Inman is a Senior Criminalist with the California Department of Justice, Dr. Rudin a consulting forensic scientist. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/603/ 4-Star/Forensics/ 3-Star/Documents/
Innes, Martin [Richard] ii Investigating Murder: Detective Work and the Police Response to Criminal Homicide. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, x+318pp. LOC: Congress; Cal State U (Sacramento): LSE. On British homicide police practice and experience. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/
ii Intelligence and National Security London: Frank Cass, Vol.1, No.1 (Jan 1986)-Vol.20, No.2 (Jun 2005)-in progress. LOC: Congress; NPS (Vol.6 to present). Includes an occasional article or review on deception or counterdeception. Founded at the suggestion of Michael Handel. See also International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Periodicals/
iii International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, The Stroudsburg, PA: Intel Pub. Group., Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1986)-Vol.18, No.4 (Winter 2005)-in progress. LOC: Congress; NPS. Includes a fair number of articles and reviews on deception or counterdeception. For other journals devoted in at least moderate degree to deception and counterdeception see Cryptologia, Epoptica, Intelligence and National Security, and Skeptical Enquirer. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Counterintel/Periodicals/
Ireland, William Henry (1775?-1835) SEE ALSO: Malone (1796) Grebanier (1965) Whitehead (1973) Pierce (2004) Irving, Clifford (1930- ) ii Fake!: The Story of Elmyr de Hory, the Greatest Art Forger of Our Time. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1969, 243pp. Also in PB. Also German translation (1970). A half-accurate biography of flamboyant Hungarian art faker Elmyr de Hory (1906?1976). Generally accurate reporting of the people and events surrounding De Horys later career but uncritical of De Horys many fabricated claims about himself, from his background, through his production and dealings, to his real name. One of the larger ironies is that American writer Irving went on to perpetrate an even more famous fake of his own, as well see in the next entry. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/INTEL/
________, with Richard Suskind i What Really Happened. New York: Grove Press, 1972, 378pp. The two main con men in the great Howard Hughes autobiography hoax give their version of how they hoaxed and how it was finally detected. Still less than fully forthcoming, although I sense that may be less out of an unwillingness to finally reveal all than out of a realistic fear of further prosecutorial punishment. See also Fay (1972). FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
Irving, David (1938- ) ii The Mares Nest. London: William Kimber, 1964, 320pp. LOC: Oxford. USA facsimile edition, Boston: Little, Brown, 1965, 320pp. LOC: NPS. A detailed account of the German V-1 Flying Bomb and V-2 Rocket development and operations during WW II and the British countermeasures. A fine job, as Dr. R. V. Jones later commented, before Irving, a self-styled moderate fascist, drifted off after the mid1980s as an open advocate of pro-Nazi revisionist history, including fanciful Holocaust denial.
Irving, an Englishman, had studied physics at University College, London, until dropping out to become a military historian with his best-selling The Destruction of Dresden (1963). In Feb 2006 an Austrian federal court sentenced him to 3 years imprisonment for his published thoughts on the Holocaust. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Winter 1967. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 110, 227, rightly calls it authoritative, well-written, and well-researched. FIELDS: 2-Star/
Isnard, Guy (1912- ) ii Les Pirates de la Peinture. Paris: Flammarion, 1955, 185pp. Prface by Albert Sarraut. LOC: BW; Congress; MOMA; Toronto; Warburg. On forged paintings. The author was Principal Commissioner of the French Sret and a world authority on art forgery. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/
iii Faux et Imitations dans lArt. Paris: Arthme Fayard, 2 vols., 1959 & 1960, 324+390pp. LOC: Getty; Cleveland PL; U of Florida; Oxford; Warburg. On art forgeries and copies. A richly detailed and referenced study but no index. Very highly regarded by Jeppson (1970), 318. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/
ii Vrai ou Faux? Paris: Robert Laffont, 1974, 381pp. LOC: Congress; Getty; Toronto; British L. A good overview. The publisher added the commercial but pseudo subtitle, les enqutes au Sherlock Holmes de la peinture, which appears only on the cover. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/
ii Le Muse Imaginaire du Faux. Dammaire-les-Lys: Editions Imprilith, 1980, 315 + [4] pp. LOC: U of Washington. A magnificently illustrated survey of art fakespaintings, sculpture, furniture, musical instruments, counterfeit postage stamps, violins, money, etc. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Music/
-JJackall, Robert i Street Stories: The World of Police Detectives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005, 429pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fullerton. Case studies of detectives in New York city and state. This book grew out of a course taught by Jackall at Williams College. Dr. Jackall (1976 PhD New School for Social Research) is a Professor of Sociology & Public Affairs at Williams. REV: Mark Kamine in Times Literary Supplement, No.5367 (10 Feb 2005), 25. FIELDS: 1-Star/Police/
Jackson, J. Hughlings (1835 -1911) The Psychology of Joking. 1887. ii Reprinted in James Taylor (editor), Selected Writing of John Hughlings Jackson, Vol.2 (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1932), 359-364. Address to the Medical Society of London in October 1887 by English neurologist Dr. Hughlings Jackson. Important mainly for being the earliest proposal that there is a strong analogy between the creation of puns and dreams. See Arieti (1950), 43-44; and Arieti (1976), 102n. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Jackson, Peter ii France and the Nazi Menace: Intelligence and Policy Making, 1933-1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, xii+446pp. LOC: Florida Atlantic U. A case study showing that while French intelligence on Nazi Germany' s pre-war military and political intentions were fairly accurate, they tended to overestimate military production and hence growth rate. This book began as a doctoral dissertation under Christopher Andrew. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-consumer/
Jackson, W[illiam] G. F. (1917- ) ii The Battle for Italy. London: Battsford, 1967, 372pp. This is the first book published post-World War Two to do systematically what every standard military history of a campaign should do. For each successive battle it systematically lays out the attackers appreciation of the enemy, the battle plan, the deception plan, and the enemys intelligence picture before proceeding to the battle itself. Major-General Jackson was a British regular officer who had served on Alexanders staff during the Italian campaign. For unexplained reasonsperhaps the
Official Secrets Acts were belatedly invokedJackson abandoned his own exemplary format in his several later books. REV: Trumbull Higgins in American Historical Review, Vol.73, No.5 (Jun 1968), 1569. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Britain/
Jacob, Brian, & Steven D. Levitt ii Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002, 67pp. LOC: NPS. Reprinted in The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.118, No.3 (Aug 2003), 843-877. Presents the authors algorithm for detecting teachers and school administrators who falsify records of student performance on standardized tests to make the teacher or the school look better. Their method combined information on unexpected test score fluctuations and suspicious patterns of answers for students in a classroom. Their algorithm successfully detects only large-scale cheating but produces relatively few false positives. They found the annual cheating rate in Chicago public elementary schools to run 4-5% of all classrooms. See also Cizek (1999). Dr. Jacob (2001 Chicago PhD) is an Assistant Professor of Public Policy at Harvards Kennedy School and Dr. Levitt (1994 MIT PhD) is a Professor of Economics professor at the University of Chicago. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cheating/
iii To Catch a Cheat, Education Next, Vol.4 (Winter 2004), 69-75. LOC: Internet. Popularized and updated version of the previous item. FIELDS: 3-Star/Cheating/
Jacobson, Neil S. (1949-1999), & Steven D. Hollon ii Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Versus Pharmacotherapy: Now That the Jury's Returned Its Verdict, It's Time to Present the Rest of the Evidence, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol.64, No.1 (1996), 74-80. A sobering assessment of therapeutic effectiveness. Dr. Jacobson was a clinical research psychologist and methodologist in the Psychology Department of the U of Washington. Better known for his exemplary studies of battered women and clinical depression. Hollon was in the psych department at Vanderbilt. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/
Jaff, H. L. C, J. Storm van Leeuwen, L. H. van der Tweel (editors) ii Authentication in the Visual Arts: A Multi-disciplinary Symposium. Amsterdam: B. M. Isral, Jan 1979, viii+146pp. LOC: Congress; Getty, Ringling Museum of Art; Toronto; University College (London). Prints the five papers presented at the symposium on 12 Mar 1977 at Amsterdam. All these papers are worthwhile but most relevant for our purposes is Storm (1979). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Jagemann, Dr. Ludwig Hugo Franz von (1805-1853) Handbuch der gerichtlichen Untersuchungskunde. Frankfurt: G. F. Kettembeil, 2 volumes, 1838, xxxii+772pp; and 1841, xxiv+994pp. LOC: Congress; British L. ii Facsimile reprint, Leipzig: Zentralantiquariat der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 2 volumes, 1976, with XLVIpp of Introduction to the reprint edition by Armin Forker. LOC: UC-Berkeley; UCLA. A classic textbook on criminal investigation written at age 26 by a German judgeinquisitor at Baden. Describes how to examine crime scenes, trail suspects, make arrests, and how imprisonment affects the mentality of the prisoner. REF: Sderman (1957), 333. A biography of Jagemann is: Hemma Fasoli, Zum Strafverfahrensrecht und Gefngniswesen im 19.Jahrhundert: der Jurist Ludwig von Jagemann. N.p.: Engel, 1985, 211pp. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/
Jain, L[akhmi] C., U. Halici, I. Hayashi, S. B. Lee, S. Tsutsui (editors) ii Intelligent Biometric Techniques in Fingerprint and Face Recognition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1999, 463pp. A collection of 13 articles on new and emerging computer techniques for pattern recognition as applied to fingerprints and faces. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/
Jajko, Walter ii Deception: Appeal for Acceptance; Discourse on Doctrine; Preface to Planning, Comparative Strategy, Vol.21 (2002), 351-363. LOC: BW (copy). Urges that the U.S. use strategic deception to systematically attack its adversaries longrange, high-payoff targets. Col. Frank Stech recommends this paper. See Kiss (2003) for an attack, wrong-headedly I believe, on Jajko for his amoral stance. Jajko, a retired USAF brigadier general specialized in intelligence, was at the time of this paper Professor of National Security Studies at the Institute of World Politics. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
James, P. D. (1920- ) iThe Death of an Expert Witness. London: Faber, 1977, 265pp. LOC: Ocean Beach PL. P. D. James, acclaimed mystery writer and creator of the super-sleuth Inspector Adam Dalgleish [sic] series, came up with a humdinger of a story in her The Death of an Expert Witness, a book worthy of inclusion as required reading in any basic course in Forensic Science. Being herself (in her previous incarnation) a crime laboratory serologist, James crafted a captivating tale that revolves around the drying time of fluid blood. James E. Starrs in James & Nordby (2005), ix Phyllis James is an English woman who worked for the National Health Service from 1949 to 1979 when she became a full-time writer of crime novels, having already published 8 she then added another 10 (plus an autobiography) up to 2005. In 1999 she was created a life peer as Baroness James of Holland Park. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 1-Star/Fiction/Forensics/ Kind (1999)
James, Stuart H. (1941- ), Jon J. Nordby (editors) iiii Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques. Second Edition, Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis, 2005, xxxi+778pp. Foreord by James E. Starrs. LOC: BW3; Oxford. A thoroughly up-to-date textbook the best to date. Excellent on current methods; but oddly weak on the history of the evolution of those methods, thereby giving an unwarranted implication of final authority. Its 34 chapters are authored or co-authored by 38 experts in the main 7 sub-topics of this broad field. Substantially enlarged since the 1st edition had been published in 2003. See also Lane (1992). Both editors are distinguished American freelance forensic scientists. James has a BA in Biology & Chemistry, Nordby a PhD in Forensic Science & Medicine from the University of Massachusetts. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: A&P/ 4-Star/Forensics/ CLASSES: 603/
Nordby (2003)
James, William (1842-1910) The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1890, 2 volumes, xii+689pp & vi+688pp. LOC: Congress; Oxford. ii Reprint of 1918 edition in facsimile (Dover). LOC: NPS. Classic book by the pioneering American psychologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
James, Admiral Sir William [Milborne] ii The Eyes of the Navy: A Biography of Admiral Sir Reginald James. London: Methuen & Co, 1955, xxv+212pp. LOC: Oxford. US edition as The Code Breakers of Room 40: The Story of Admiral Sir William Hall, Genius of British Counter-Intelligence. New York: St Martins Press, 1956, xxv+212pp. LOC: NPS. The first biography of Adm. Sir William Hall (1870-1943). See also Beesly (1982). FIELDS: 2-Star/Cryptology/Biography/
J[anowitz], M[orris] (1919-1988) ii Propaganda for Strategic Deception, in William E. Dougherty (editor), A Psychological Warfare Casebook (Baltimore, Md: Operations Research Office, The Johns Hopkins University, 1958), 381-382. Dr. Janowitz was an innovative American sociologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/PSYOPS/
Jastrow, Joseph (1863-1944) iii The Psychology of Deception, The Popular Science Monthly, Vol.34, No.2 (New York: Dec 1888), 145-157. LOC: BW (copy). Reprinted in Jastrow (1900), 106-136, with minor revisions and some new material added from Triplett (1900). An extraordinarily perceptive early report. Better, indeed, than many accounts coming more than 100-120 years later. Born in Poland, Jastrow was the son of a rabbi. Brought to the USA in 1866, he became a pioneer American psychologist, since beginning studies under Charles Peirce and then taking his PhD under G. Stanley Hall at Johns Hopkins in 1886. In 1891 he introduced the old (1600s) British Funny Noses parlor game to psychologists who mistakenly credited its invention to him, calling it the Jastrow Illusion or Boomerang Illusion. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Psychology/Deception/
ii "Psychological Notes upon Sleight of Hand Experts," Science, Vol.3, No.71 (1896), 685-689. First laboratory study of magicians in action, proving that the sleights by his two subjects, Alexander Herrmann and Harry Kellar, were not quicker than the eye. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 2-Star/Magic/Psychology
iii Fact and Fable in Psychology. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1900, xvii+375pp. LOC: Busby Collection. Facsimile reprinted 1971. A collection of 11 reprinted essays, including important ones on methods of psychic research, telepathy, hypnotism, muscle-reading, and The Psychology of Deception. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Psychology/Psi/
Jaubert, Alain (1940- ) Le commissariat aux archives: Les photos qui falsificient lhistoire. Paris: Editions Bernard Barrault, 1986, 190pp. LOC: Oxford. ii English translation as Making People Disappear: An Amazing Chronicle of Photographic Deception. Washington: Pergamon-Brasseys International Defense Publishers, Inc., 1989, 190pp. Preface by Roy Godson. LOC: Marine Corps U; San Jose State U; British L. On altering photographs to falsify history. Jaubert is a prominent French writer and documentary film maker on literature and art. FIELDS: 2-Star/IMINT/
Jay, Ricky [pen name of R. J[ay] Ricky Potash] (1948- ) ii Jays Journal of Anomalies: Conjurers, Cheats, Hustlers, Hoaxsters, Pranksters, Jokesters, Impostors, Pretenders, Sideshow Showmen, Armless Calligraphers, Mechanical Marvels, Popular Entertainments. New York: Farrar Straus Giraux, 2001, 202pp. LOC: Monterey PL. A charming recitation of human oddities. Reprinted from Jays Journal of Anomalies, Vol. One, No.1 (Spring 1994) - Vol. Four, No. Four (2000) supplemented by several unpublished pieces dating from Jan 1993. Ricky Jay is a world-class professional sleight-of-hand artist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/Hoax/
Jeffreys, Alec (1950- ) ii Molecular Sleuthing: the story of DNA fingerprinting, Science and Public Affairs (London: Autumn 1993), 24-31. LOC: BW (copy); Congress. On the strengths & weaknesses of DNA analysis. This is an abridged version of the prestigious Bernal Lecture delivered to the Royal Society by Prof. Jeffreys on 23 Sep 1993. English molecular biologist Alec Jeffreys became the accidental inventor of DNA fingerprinting in 1984. Knighted in 1994, Sir Alec is now a professor in the University of Leicesters Department of Genetics. FIELDS: 2-Star/DNA/
Jekel, Dr. [Pamela L.] (1948- ) ii The Perfect Crime and how to commit it. Boulder, Colorado: A Paladin Press Book, 1982, xv+189. LOC: BW. Light but serious in intent, as befits the Paladin Press imprint. Jekel, whose doctorate was in English from the University of Virginia, spent two years researching her amusing book. FIELDS: 2-Star/Criminology/
Jenkins, Eric ii Northamptonshire: Practical Jokes and Hoaxes. Rushden: Cordelia, 2000, 254pp. LOC: BW3 (signed copy); British L. A collection of examples of mischievous behavior in an English county. Based on 50 reports of Northamptonshire journalists from 1720 through 2000. A handy database for future analysis. See also Smith (1954). FIELDS: 2-Star/ Hoax/
Jenkins, Philip (1952- ) i Using Murder: The Social Construction of Serial Homicide. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1994, viii+262pp. Useful historical evidence and statistics leading to unlikely conclusions. Jenkins is so intent on knocking the FBI and the medias concept of the serial killer that he misreads some facts and fails to observe that most of the weakness of profiling was inherent in the Justice Departments weak (but improvable) data base. The author is an historian and professor of religion at Penn State. See also Holmes (1989) and Athens (1997). FIELDS: 1-Star/Profiling/
Jenks, Bill; Jerry Luna, Darryl Reilly iii Identifying Pattern Glass Reproductions. Radnor, Pa.: Wallace-Homestead Book Company, 1993, xviii+350pp. LOC: Congress; Timberland Regional L. A detailed and informative encyclopedia of the subject by two American experts on pattern glass and their reproductions. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/
Jensen, Tom ii Cheating: An Inside Look at the Bad Things Good NASCAR Nextel Cup Racers do in Pursuit of Speed. Phoenix, AZ: David Bull Publishing, 2004, 312pp. LOC: Kitsap Regional L. Reportedly a close look at teams cheating and officials investigations in the Nascar automobile races from their inception in 1949. Based mainly on interviews over a twoyear period with outspoken competitors and officials. Jensen is an American investigative reporter. FIELDS: 2-Star/Sports/
Jeppson, Lawrence iii The Fabulous Frauds: Fascinating Tales of Great Art Forgeries. New York: Weybright and Talley, 1970, 338pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. Reprinted as Fabulous Frauds: A Study of Great Art Forgeries. London: Arlington Books, 1971, 215pp, omits index, adds illustrations. A useful and readable book that Dr. Thomas Hoving rates as may be the best one on the general subject of art fakes. Jeppson is an American trained in science and communication but employed since the late 1950s in arranging art exhibitions and since 1962 as a full-time art dealer and consultant in Bethesda, Maryland. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Art/ CLASSES: 603/
Jernigan, Charlton C[oney] (1904- ) iii Incongruity in Aristophanes. Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company, 1939, 48pp. LOC: BW3; UC-Berkeley; British L. A study of the incongruous humor and jokes that run through the eight plays by the great Classical Greek comic writer. Although Dr. Jernigan leaves open the possibility that other, non-incongruous types of humor may be present, Im left with the feeling that they dont exist. This was the authors 1935 PhD thesis in the Department of Greek at Duke University. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Jervis, Robert (1940- ) iHypotheses on Misperception, World Politics, Vol.20, No.3 (Apr 1968). 454-479. LOC: BW (copy). An earlier but more accessible condensation of the key points in the following book. Dr. Jervis (1968 PhD in political science from UC-Berkeley) was a professor of international relations at Harvard 1968-74, UCLA 1974-80, and thence at Columbia. FIELDS: 1-Star/Perception/
i Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976, 445pp. An extension and elaboration of the authors classic study, The Logic of Images in International Relations (1970). Surveys the standard psychological and communication theories of perception but still quite weak on factoring in deception-influenced misperceptions. See also Lasswell (1930), Maxim (1981), Heuer (1981 & 1982), Pfaltzgraff & Sawicki (2002), Mullainthan (2004), Linden (2005). FIELDS: 1-Star/Perception/Diplomacy/
iii Whats Wrong with the Intelligence Process, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1986), 28-43. LOC: NPS. Bobs best to date. Nevertheless he still slips on deception (pp.29-30, 38-39) but fortunately here in a revealing way: A final problem that limits the extent to which intelligence ever can be completely accurate is the use and possibility of deception. Jervis assumes that deception only adds further uncertainty (randomness) to predictability, making it less deterministic. This assumption is fundamentally wrong. Faced with an opponents deception, the analysts task is never to predict the future but to detect the present ground truth. Because every attempt to deceive necessarily gifts the analyst with two clues (incongruities) to its presence, the deceiver has made the situation less random, more certain, more easily detected, and (to use Jerviss own term) more deterministic. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/Perception/
Jillette, Penn (1955- ) The Aristocrats. 2005, 86 minutes. A film by Paul Provenza and Penn Jillette. Director: Provenza. Producer: Peter Adam Golden. Released by ThinkFilm. Cast: Drew Carey, George Carlin, Phyllis Diller, Whoopi Goldberg, Eric Idle, Don Rickles, Chris Rock, Robin Williams, and others. LOC: not seen. Documentary movie that gives an in-depth analysis of a single jokethat famously dirty joke whose punch-line is the aristocrats. Jillette had been a pro juggler, fire-eater, and unicylist. He then became, since 1975, the famous "Penn" of "Penn & Teller" pro comedy magic act. Penn is the tall (6'6") articulate partner of Raymond Teller. REV: A. O. Scott, A Filthy Theme and Variations, New York Times, 29 Jul 05. REV: Paula Marantz Cohen, Men at play, Times Literary Supplement, 23 Sep 05. FIELDS: ?-Star/Humor/
Johnson, David R. (1942- ) i Illegal Tender: Counterfeiting and the Secret Service in Nineteenth-Century America. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994, 222pp. LOC: BW. The author is an academic historian. FIELDS: 1-Star/Currency/Coins/
Johnson, Dominic D. P. (1974- ), Richard W. Wrangham, Stephen Peter Rosen iii Is military incompetence adaptive? An empirical test with risk-taking behavior in modern warfare, Evolution and Human Behavior, Vol.23 (2002), 245-264. LOC: BW (copy). Further development of Wrangham (1999). Johnson is a political scientist at Princeton, Wrangham an anthropologist at Harvard, and Rosen in International Affairs at Harvard. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/
________ i Overconfidence and War: The Havoc and Glory of Positive Illusions. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004, 288pp. LOC: NPS; LA PL. Johnsons overblown elaboration of Wrangham (1999). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/Self-deception/Perception/
Johnson, Evelyn, (1904- ) and Gretta Palmer ii Murder: Thirty-two Thrilling Crimes. New York: Covici, Friede Publishers, 1928, viii+277pp. LOC: U of Oregon (Eugene). Each of the authorss 32 original fictional short stories is presented as a challenge to the reader. I claim this as the earliest of the challenge type mysteries, preceding the usually credited Ellery Queen. The Queens did, however, introduce the term challenge to the reader and were the first to apply it to the novel format. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/
Johnson, James F. (1898- ), as told to Floyd Miller i The Man Who Sold the Eiffel Tower. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961, 216pp. Popularized biography (the usual invented dialog, etc.) but instructive case-study biography of colorful Czechoslovakian-born American con artist Count Victor Lustig (1890-1947). Operated for over 20 years under 27 alias. Twice sold the Eiffel Tower. Arrested 46 times but never convicted until Dec 1935 when his 47th arrest got him convicted. Johnson was the U.S. Secret Service agent who finally caught Lustig. Miller was a writer for Readers Digest. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/Fraud/
Johnson, John J. J. (1958- ) i Cheap Tricks and Class Acts: Special Effects, Makeup and Stunts from the Films of the Fantastic Fifties. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1996, x+404pp. See also Brosnan (1974). FIELDS: 1-Star/Cinema/FX/
Johnson, Loch K. (1942- ) ii Decision Costs in the Intelligence Cycle, Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.7, No.3 (Sep 1984), 318-335. LOC: NPS. Reprinted in Alfred C. Maurer and others (editors), Intelligence Policy and Process (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985). Recommends that U.S. intelligence documents be less often classified in order to encourage the cross-disciplinary gains from collaboration with non-governmental experts. Born in New Zealand, Dr. Johnson (1969 UC-Riverside PhD in Political Science),was a Professor of Political Science at the University of Georgias School of
Public and International Affairs and a former staffer with the House Committee on Intelligence. He is a prominent advocate of radical intelligence reform. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
i Preface to a Theory of Strategic Intelligence, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.4 (Winter 2003-2004), 638-663. LOC: NPS. An exciting proposal that delivers but one small building-block of theory, namely: As the number of intelligence targets increases so does the effort and budget required to cover them. Almost a platitude. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/
________, James J. Wirtz (1958- ) (editors) ii Strategic Intelligence: Windows Into a Secret World: An Anthology. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company, 2004, xiv+473. LOC: NPS. A useful reader comprised of 36 reprints. Unfortunately pushes the Betts Surprise-IsInevitable theory without any articles to balance much less challenge it. Prof. Wirtz chaired the Strategic Studies Affairs Department at the Naval Postgraduate School. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/INTEL/Surprise/
Godson & Wirtz (2002); Wirtz (2003)
Johnson, Neil F. (1961- ) iii Steganalysis, in Katzenbeisser & Petitcolas (2000), Chapter 4, 79-93. Good introductory piece on the concept of steganalysisthe process of detecting and possibly removing steganographic (hidden) information. See also Wayner (2002). Johnson (2002 George Mason PhD in Information Systems) is now President of Johnson & Johnson Technology. He is an Erds Number 3. FIELDS: 3-Star/Cryptology/
Johnson, Paul, Stefano Grazioli, Karim Jamal ii Fraud Detection: Intentionality and Deception in Cognition, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol.18, No.5 (1993), 467-488. LOC: BW (copy). A theory of detection plus a proposed research design. Dr. Johnson (PhD, 1964, Johns Hopkins) was Director and Professor of the School of Management at the U of Minnesota. Grazioli was at the University of Texas, and Jamal was at the University of Alberta. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/
___, ___, ___, R. Glen Berryman iii Detecting deception: adversarial problem solving in a low base-rate world, Cognitive Science, Vol.25, Vol.3 (May-Jun 2001), 355-392. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Applies the Bell-Whaley 3x3 matrix model of types of deception to a study of accounting fraud. Highly rated by Frank Stech. Berryman was at the University of Minnesota. FIELDS: 3-Star/Accounting/Fraud/
Johnson, William R. iiii Thwarting Enemies at Home and Abroad: How to be a Counterintelligence Officer. Bethesda, MD: Stone Trail Press, 1987, x+174pp. LOC: BW3; NPS; Australian Defence Force Academy. An insiders nuts-and-bolts course in counterintelligence (CI) and counter-espionage (CE). Much practical advice, such as about avoiding torture during interrogation because it is counter-productive (pp.31-32). Lists (pp.7-11) the 6 essential traits that a CI officer should have: ! Curiosity ! Pattern Recognition ! Interest in People ! Skepticism ! Patience ! Nerve Johnston, a US Army combat intelligence officer in WW II, professor of English, and a CIA officer from 1948 until 1975, had served as a CI officer under Angleton, to whom he dedicated this book. Pforzheimer characterized Johnson as a thoughtful, veteran officer. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 4-Star/HUMINT//Interrogation/Counterintel/
Johnsson, Rick (1937-1989) iii The Too Perfect Theory, Hierophant, No.5/6 (Fall/Spring 1970/71), 247-250. LOC: BW (copy). American amateur close-up magician Johnsson proposes one of the more original and stimulating theories in conjuring, specifically relating to the detection of magical deceptions. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Magic/
Johnston, Dr. Rob iii Analytic Culture in the U.S. Intelligence Community. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 2005, xx+161pp. LOC: NPS. Describes how intelligence analysis is done in the various American intelligence services. Based on the authors two-year study that consisted of interviews with 489 analysts from six agencies, direct & participant observation of 325 analysts, participation in various analytic tasks, and focus groups to determine the taxonomy of variables to be
used in writing the report. Dr. Johnston, an American anthropologist, was formerly a researcher at the Institute for Defense Analyses and then with CIAs Center for the Study of Intelligence. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/INTEL/USA/
Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Doctrine for Military Deception. Washington, DC: 6 June 1994, various pagings. Issued as Joint Pub 3-58". LOC: NPS; George Mason U (1994 edition); http://library.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/JP3-58_940606.pdf. i Joint Doctrine for Military Deception. Washington, DC: 31 May 1996, viii+6+8+6+10+4pp plus four appendices & glossary. Issued as Joint Pub 3-58". Supercedes the above edition of 6 Jun 1994. LOC: BW (copy); NPS; National Defense U; Marine Corps U; Internet. The official U.S. military deception doctrine. An odd mish-mash of sound and muddled notions. A better effort is Australian Defence Force (2002). This revised volume was still current into the year 2005. Prepared by the Joint Staff (Lt. Gen. Walter Kross, Director) for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Superceded the 1994 edition. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/USA/
Jomini, Antoine-Henri (1779-1869) Prcis de lArt de la Guerre [Summary of the Art of War]. 1837. iii Standard English translation is Baron de Jomini, The Art of War. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1862, 410pp. Several reprints. A classic study of war. Jomini was a Swiss who served in the French Army until 1813 when he defected to the Russian Army. See also Handel (2001) and Gat (2001). FIELDS: 3-Star/Military/
Jones, Edward E., & Harold Sigall ii The Bogus Pipeline: A New Paradigm for Measuring Affect and Attitude, Psychological Bulletin, Vol.76 (1971), 349-364. LOC: BW (copy). A re-invention of the flim-flam I-can-read-your-mind interrogation technique of both Hans Scharff (see Toliver & Scharff [1979]) and of Orne (1961). Thus, far from being the new paradigm the uninformed authors claimed. And besides, whats this paradigm stuff? Whenever I see that pretentious word, I suspect theres much less there than promised. See also Roese & Jamieson (1993). Jones was from Duke University and Sigall from Rochester. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Jones, Dr. Harold Emery (1857?-1909) The Original of Sherlock Holmes, Colliers, Vol.32, No.15 (9 Jan 1904), 14. iiFacsimile reprint of the above as The Original of Sherlock Holmes. Windsor, Eng.: Gaby Goldscheider, 1980, xii pp. Issued in 300 copies. LOC: U of Minnesota; Oxford.
Reprinted in Marvin Kaye (editor), The Game is Afoot (New York: St. Martins Press, 1994), 2429. LOC: Harrison Memorial L (Carmel, CA). A memoir of Dr. Joseph Bell. Much on Conan Doyle plus one anecdote on Dr. Littlejohn. Dr. Jones was a classmate of Arthur Conan Doyle at Bells lectures at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary in 1878-79. Also a poet. See Wells (1913), 108-110. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/
Jones, Ian, MBE (1954- ) iii Malice Aforethought: The History of Booby Traps from World War One to Vietnam. London: Greenhill Books, 2004, 270pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford. A thorough survey of this little-studied subject. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/Camouflage/
Jones, Kevin ii From the Horses Mouth: Luftwaffe POWs as Sources for Air Ministry Intelligence During the Battle of Britain, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.15, No.4 (Winter 2000), 60-80. LOC: NPS. On the generally effective interrogations of German aircrew early in WW II by British Air Ministry Intelligence. Compare Toliver & Scharff (1979) for German Luftwaffe interrogators, Fedorowicz (1999) for British interrogations of German & Italian POWS, and Kleinman (2005) for their American counterparts. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/Britain/
Jones, Mark, (editor) (1951- ) iii Fake? The Art of Deception. London: British Museum Publications, 1990, 312pp with 315 illus. Written with Paul Craddock and Nicholas Barker; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, 312pp. LOC: BW: Pacific Grove PL; Stanford; U of Hong Kong. Italian translation as Sembrare e non essere. Milan: Longanesi, 1993, xxxi+438pp. LOC: Getty. Catalog of the British Museums 1990 exhibition of over 600 fakes and forgeries in all the arts throughout history. The editor, an MA from the Courtauld Institute of Art, was at the time of this publication, Assistant Keeper of the BMs Department of Coins and Medals. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/
________ iii Why Fakes Matter: Essays on Problems of Authenticity. London: British Museum Press, 1992, 198pp. Edited and Introduction by Mark Jones. LOC: Syracuse U. Eighteen experts contribute 17 papers, all interesting, some important. Originally presented 7-10 June 1990 at the FAKE Symposium to coincide with the Museums FAKE? exhibition.
Editor Jones was Director of the National Museums of Scotland from 1992 until 2001 when he became Director of Londons great Victoria and Albert Museum. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/
Jones, Morgan D. (1932- ) iii The Thinkers Toolkit: Fourteen Skills for Making Smarter Decisions in Business and in Life. New York: Times Business/Random House, 1995, xvi+348pp. LOC: BW3. Revised and updated as The Thinkers Toolkit: Fourteen Skills Techniques for Problem Solving. New York: Times Business, 1998, xvi+368pp. LOC: NPS. A how-to primer of decision-making. A better-than-usual cookbook of the subject. Stresses the value of divergent thinking and the active consideration of alternatives. Includes 50 exercises, many examples, and 14 methods, which include the familiar and simple playing devils advocate, restating the problem, and balancing pros & cons together with such increasingly complex calculations as weighted ranking, probability trees, and utility matrixes. The original 348-page edition, titled The Thinkers Toolkit: Fourteen Skills for Making Smarter Decisions in Business and in Life, had appeared in 1995. Jones was a former CIA analyst. FIELDS: 3-Star/Business/
Jones, R[eginald] V[ictor] (1911-1997) iiiii Air Scientific Intelligence, Report No.13, D.T. 10 Jan 1942. LOC: BW (copy from original Copy no.31" of cover & pp.38-40). Includes (pp.39-40) Joness initial theory of Spoof. Dr. Jones (1934 D.Phil. in physics from Oxford under Prof. Lindeman) was then a senior scientist with the British Air Ministry. After World War Two, at the University of Aberdeen as Professor of Natural Philosophy from 1946 until emerited in 1981, he taught physics while serving from time-to-time in advisory capacities to the government, lastly to Prime Minister Thatcher during the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War. Because he not only designed but personally made much of his own R&D lab equipment, he was very much a hands-on scientist, indeed he has been called the last of the great experimental physicists. Former CIA Director James Woolsey called Jones the father of modern scientific and technical intelligence. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 5-Star/TECHINT/Deception/ CLASSES: 600/
ii Scientific Intelligence, Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Vol.92 (London: Aug 1947), 352-369. LOC: BW (copy). Summarizes the RAF technological efforts in WW II against the German military. Largely repeated in Jones (1956). REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 117. FIELDS: 2-Star/TECHINT/
iii Natural and Artificial Disturbances to Radar, (1955). Reprinted in Jones (1989), 338-344. Dr. Jones had presented the original version of this paper to the forestry students at the University of Aberdeen. This revision was Jones keynote address at a conference on radar in Munich on 1 June 1955. A further revision is Jones (1975). FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/
ii Scientific Intelligence, Research, Vol.9 (Sep 1956), 347-352. Reprinted as The Scientific Intelligencer in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.3 (Fall 1962), 3749. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. An appropriate essay from the so-called father of British scientific intelligence. Largely copies Jones (1947). FIELDS: 2-Star/TECHINT/
iiiii "The Theory of Practical JokingIts Relevance to Physics," Bulletin of the Institute of Physics (London: June 1957), 193-201. LOC: BW (offprint). Dr. Jones was a leading military deception planner, experimental physicist, and practical jokerthree activities that he links by theory in this landmark paper. By doing so Jones extends his special theory of military deception into other disciplines to create the first general and systematic Theory of Deception. Specifically, Jones argued that practical jokes and hoaxes work for the same reasons that military deception plans work. Both involve "induced incongruities" whereby presenting false evidence the deceiver lets the victim "build up an incorrect but self-consistent world-picture", thus causing him to take actions that are incongruent with reality. This concept of Jones, defined by Dr. William Harris as incongruity analysis, has been adopted by Whaley as the basis of all deception detection. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Humor/Deception/Science/ 600/
iiii "Chance Observation and the Alert Mind," Advancement of Science (March 1965), 531544. On the role of accident and the "prepared mind" as a joint cause of discovery in the sciences. See also Austin (1978). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Science/
iii Irony as a Phenomenon in Natural Science and Human Affairs, Chemistry and Industry (13 Apr 1968), 470-477. LOC: BW (offprint). FIELDS: 3-Star/Science/
iiiii "The Theory of Practical JokingAn Elaboration," Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, Vol.11, No.1/2 (Jan/Feb 1975), 10-17. LOC: BW (offprint). A minor revision of the author's original 1955 and 1957 papers. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Deception/Humor/Hoax/ 600/
iiiii Most Secret War. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1978, xx+556pp. LOC: NPS. Republished in the USA with slight changes as The Wizard War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939-1945. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, Inc., 1978, 556pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Air U. A superb and amusing account. I cite from the U.S. edition. A biographical article is Moss (1973). For several additions and corrections see Jones (1989), 213-261. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Summer 1979. REV: Ian Bellany in Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.2, No.13 (1979), 102. REV: Costantinides (1983), 280-261. This is not only one of the great works on scientific intelligence in World War II but one of the great personal memoirs in intelligence literature, superbly told. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/A&P/R&D/CL/Training/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Deception/INTEL/Biography/ 602/603/
iiii Intelligence and Deception, in Pfaltzgraff, Raanan & Milberg (1981), 3-22. Concise, clear, and brilliant. See particularly his eight Principles of Security (pp.17-18), eight Principles of Deception (pp.18-19), and his thoughts about Unmasking Deception (pp.19-20). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/INTEL/Deception/
i Future Conflict and New Technology. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies,1981, 96pp. Foreword by Walter Lacquer. LOC: NPS; Florida Atlantic U; Oxford. Admirably humble in its approach to crystal balls. Consequently all predictions that he made 20 years before for the year 2000 still held. FIELDS: 1-Star/TECHINT/
ii Instruments and Experiences: Papers on Measurement and Instrument Design. Chichester & New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1988, xii+485pp. LOC: NPS; Florida AMU; Oxford. FIELDS: 2-Star/TECHINT/
ii Intelligence and Command, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.3, No.3 (Jul 1988), 288298. Reprinted in Handel (1989), 288-298. Reprinted in Dearth & Gooddin (1995), 151-159. Personal reflections. Based on a paper originally presented by Jones in Apr 1986 at the US Army War College conference on Intelligence and Military Operations, Carlisle Barracks, PA. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-consumer/
iiiii Reflections on Intelligence. London: Heinemann, 1989, 376pp. LOC: Congress; NPS; U of Florida; Oxford. Repeats all key points in his earlier papers and books, updates much of it, corrects some points, and adds a few new topics. See particularly Ch.5, Intelligence and Deception, pp.107-145. If you are allowed only one work by Jones on your desert isle, this should be it. Applauded by all of its reviewers except a carping Jervis. See also Kent (1949), McLachlan (1968), and Shulsky (2002). REV: Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1990. REV: M.R.D. Foot in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.5, No.3 (Jul 1990). Found it splendidly incisive. REV: Robert M. Jervis in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.4, No.4 (Winter 1990), 570-575. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/A&P/R&D/CL/Training/ 5-Star/INTEL/ CLASSES: 600/602/
iii Some Lessons in Intelligence: Enduring Principles, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.38, No.5 (1995), 37-42. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. A speech given Sunday morning, 26 Oct 1993, by Jones at CIA Headquarters. Based mainly on his Most Secret War and Reflections on Intelligence. Some good points but rather a ramble. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/
Joni, I[cilio] F[ederico] (1866-1946) Le memorie di un pittori di quadri antichi. Florence: Societa Editrice Toscana, 1932, 284pp. Reprinted 1984. LOC: Italian National Library Services; Getty. ii English translation [expurgated] by James Bynam Shaw as Affairs of a Painter. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1936, 345pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Oxford; scarce. English translation [complete] as Affairs of a Painter together with the Italian original. Edited by Gianni Mazzoni. Siena: Protagon, 2004, 375pp. LOC: Notre Dame; Italian National Library Services. Frank autobiography of an Italian painter, restorer, and major forger of Italian old masters and fine book bindings. He was active mainly through the last two decades of the 1800s. Includes technical details of his craft and shady dealings with major figures in the art world including Berenson and Miss Frick.
The 1936 English translation was expurgated of all references to Berenson, including Bs knowing misrepresentations when selling some of Jonis fakes. The 2004 Italian edition includes a complete English translation. See Morris (2004). A major exhibition, of Jonis works was held in Siena in 2004-05, for which see my Appendix A; and Mazzoni (2004). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Painting/Biography/
Mazzoni (2001 & 2004)
Jrgensen, Magne, [and] Dag Sjberg iii The Importance of NOT Learning from Experience, paper, 2000, 8pp. Concludes that experience is often an unreliable teacher, giving the circumstances when this is true. Dr. Jrgensen (1994 PhD, U of Oslo) and Dr. Sjberg are both professors in the Department of Informatics at the U of Oslo. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/
Jory, Stephen (ca.1950- ) ii Funny Money. London: John Blake, 2002, xii+340pp. LOC: BW3; Oxford. Memoirs of Britains top modern currency counterfeiter. Mr. Jory, having moved up from counterfeiting high-line perfumes from 1973 to 1991, uttered more than 50 million in quality fake English bank notes prior to his arrest in 1998. A case study of the art of counterfeiting and how not to get caught. FIELDS: 2-Star/Currency/Biography/
Joyce, Christopher (1950- ), and Eric Stover ii Witnesses from the Grave: The Stories Bones Tell. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1991, x+333pp. LOC: BW. A biography of Dr. Clyde C. Snow, a prominent American forensic anthropologist. See also Gerasimov (1971), Ubelaker (1992), Maples (1994), Prag & Neave (1997), and Bass (2003). Both co-authors are American science writers. FIELDS: 2-Star/Anthropology/
Julesz, Bela (1928-2003) ii Binocular Depth Perception of Computer-Generated Patterns, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol.39, No.5 (Sep 1960), 1125-1162. Pioneer paper in which Julesz (pronounced You-less) reports his discovery of the Julesz Effect (random-dot stereograms or RDS) in 1959. Neatly explained in Pinker (1997) and Dawkins (1998), 278. Dr. Bla Julesz (1955 PhD, Hungarian Academy of Sciences) fled Hungary in 1956 and settled into the Bell Laboratories for the next 32 years before moving to
Caltech and thence in 1989 to Rutgers where he ended as Professor Emeritus of Psychology. Originally trained as a radar engineer, Julesz incorporated psychology to become an early and leading researcher in psychobiology. FIELDS: 2-Star/Perception/
iii Dialogues on Perception. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1995, xxi+276pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. Refreshingly eccentric. FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/
Jung, Carl Gustav (1875-1961) i Cryptomnesia (1905a). As translated in Sir Herbert Read and others (editors), The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol.1 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970), 95-105. A pioneering work on memory (specifically hidden memories) and creativity by the famous Swiss psychoanalyst. Originally published in Die Zukunst, Year 13 (Berlin: 1905). FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/
ii On the Psychological Diagnosis of Facts (1905b). As translated in Sir Herbert Read and others (editors), The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol.1 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970), 219-221. Dr. Jungs preliminary report of his landmark forensic application of word-association testing in September 1905 to successfully detect the perpetrator of a crime. Originally published in Zentralblatt fr Nervenheitkunde und Psychiatrie, Vol.28 (Leipzig: Nov 1905). See also Freud (1906). FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
iii The Psychological Diagnosis of Evidence (1905c). As translated in Sir Herbert Read and others (editors), The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol.2 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1973), 318-352. Jungs later and detailed report of the above case. Originally published in the Schweizerische Zeitschrift fr Strafrecht, Vol.18 (Bern: 1905). FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychotherapy/
-KKaegi, Walter Emil, Jr. ii Constantines and Julians Strategies of Strategic Surprise against the Persians, Athenaeum, New Series, Vol.59 (Pavia: 1981), 209-213. LOC: BW3 (copy); Texas Tech. On Julians intentional strategy of strategic surprise in 363 AD by building on secrecy of planning followed by swift execution. Dr. Kaegi (1965 Harvard PhD) was Professor of History at the University of Chicago. REV: Sheldon (2003), 117. FIELDS: 2-Star/Byzantium/Surprise/
iii Some Thoughts on Byzantine Military Strategy. Brookline, MA: Hellenic College Press, 1983, 18pp. LOC: BW3 (copy). Shows that the Byzantines stratagems and ruses and indirect approaches in their military writings were firmly grounded in Greek & Roman military texts and hadnt just evolved independently. Also points out that this tradition of deception and its texts was deliberately overlooked during the Middle Ages, to be rediscovered in the Renaissance. REV: Sheldon (2003), 153-154. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Byzantium/Deception/Military/
Kagan, Jerome (1929- ) iii Surprise, Uncertainty, and Mental Structure. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002, 259pp. LOC: MIT: Chapman U (Orange, CA). Up-to-date coverage of perception research including the authors showing much disagreement with most of the developmental and evolutionary psychologists whom I find most relevant to understanding deception-detection. Specifically Kagan leans toward complicated models. Conversely, he accepts much of the fine recent work by perceptual psychologists on how our sensory and perceptual systems are focused on novelty. The brain of every animal is exquisitely sensitive to change (p.11). But Kagan does this last in total ignorance that the basic theory had already been perfected by a non-psychologist (Claude Shannons signal-redundancy-noise theory) in 1945, a theory that is generally applied by electrical engineers and computer scientists a fine case of parochial blindness that illustrates the need for cross-disciplinary communication. Dr. Kagan (1954 Yale PhD in Psychology), a specialist in developmental and child psychology since 1964, is a Professor of Psychology at Harvard. A memoir is in Sternberg (2003), 90-103. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/Perception/Surprise/Evolution/
Kahn, David (1930- ) iii The Codebreakers: The Story of Secret Writing. New York: Macmillan, 1967, xvi+1164pp. LOC: NPS; Air U. FIELDS: 3-Star/Cryptology/
iiii Revised Edition, New York: Scribner, 1996, xviii+1181pp. LOC: NPS. A modern classic. The most detailed, nearly comprehensive, and best documented history of cryptology. Also highly readable for such a scholarly book. Includes a comprehensive look at how to make and break codes. Altogether a magnificent effort. The 1996 revision gives a skimpy but adequate update. Later books and articles add details, but none even approach this magnificent book as a grand overview. A new edition would be welcome. For more on cryptology see Yardley (1931), Friedman & Friedman (1957), Marks (1998), Singh (2000), and Bamford (2001). Dr. Kahn (1974 Oxford DPhil in Modern History) is a retired professional journalist and distinguished amateur cryptologist. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Summer 1968. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Vol.24 (Fall 1980), 91-95. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Cryptology/
ii Kahn on Codes: Secrets of the New Cryptology. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1983, viii+343pp. LOC: Monterey PL; Air U; MIT; Oxford. An important collection of Kahns articles. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cryptology/
iii An Historical Theory of Intelligence, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.16, No.3 (Autumn 2001), 79-92. LOC: BW (copy); <http://david-kahn.com>. Interesting and important. Kahn has produced a fresh, original, and modestly useful intelligence theory based on the economic principle of optimizing resources. Unfortunately Kahn proclaims this to be the first Theory of Intelligence. But this claim is fundamentally flawed. This is evident when Kahn himself explicitly defines intelligence as information; because, in doing so, he simply borrows from Claude Shannons brilliant monograph, A Mathematical Theory of Communication (1948), which Shannon himself (and others) soon began calling Information Theory. This was the true first systematic theory of information or intelligence. Im baffled by this oversight, as Kahn was quite familiar with Shannon through the latters second-mostfamous work, the Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems (1949), which was the first full-blown theory of cryptology. Indeed Kahn (1967/1996 revision) had even recently written a 10-page biography of Shannon. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 603/ 3-Star/INTEL/ Yardley (1931)
Kahn Jr., E. J. (1916-1994) ii Fraud: The United States Postal Inspection Service and some of the fools and knaves it has known. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1973, 321pp. LOC: BW. Stories of the law-enforcement, internal audit, and security arm of the Postal Service. Founded in 1830, it is the oldest federal law enforcement office in the USA. See also Makris (1959). Author Kahn was a freelance writer for the New Yorker in its better old days. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/USA/
Kahn, Elizabeth Louise (1948-2004) iii The Neglected Majority: Les camoufleurs, Art History, and World War I. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1984, x+226pp. LOC: San Diego State U. The history of the development of camouflage in France during World War I and its intimate relationship with French artists. Dr. Elizabeth Liz Kahn (PhD, UCLA) was Professor of Fine Arts at St. Lawrence University, having joined that faculty in 1976. FIELDS: 3-Star/Camouflage/France/
Camouflage, Camoufleurs, Modernism and Andr Mares War, in Nicole Aub, Andr Mare: Cubisme et Camouflage , 1914-1918 (Bernay: Muse Municipal des Beaux-Arts, 1998, 160pp.). Article appears in both English and the authors French translation. LOC: generally non-circulating from libraries. On the French cubist painter Andr Mare (1885-1932). Prof. Kahn also gave this paper at a conference on Mare in November 1998 in Le Havre. FIELDS: ?-Star/Camouflage/
Kahneman, Daniel (1934- ), Paul Slovic, Amos Tversky (1937-1996) iii Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, xiii+555pp. A major collection of 35 articles by 39 authors, mostly psychologists, as are the coeditors. See also Meehl (1973); Shanteau, Mellers, & Schum (1999); Gigerenzer & Todd (1999). Kahneman was the 2002 Nobel Prize winner in Economics, making him the first PhD psychologist Nobelist. He and Tversky were Israeli immigrants in the USA. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/Perception/ Gilovich, Griffin, Kahneman (2002)
Kalbfleisch, Pamela J. iii The Language of Detecting Deceit, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol.13, No.4 (Dec 1994), 469-496. On linguistic strategies that can be used to detect deceptive communication in interpersonal relations. See also Burgoon (2003).
Kalbfleisch was then Professor of Communication and Journalism at the University of North Dakota. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/Lying/
iii Deceptive Message Intent and Relational Quality, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol.20, No.1-2 (Mar-Jun 2001), 214-230. LOC: BW3 (copy). Reports her study of how 517 American undergraduate students used lies and other deceptive communications to sustain their interpersonal relationships. Students involved in high-suspicion & low-quality relationships were more apt to use lies and other deceptions than those in low-suspicion high-quality relationships. Dr. Kalbfleisch was then at the University of Wyoming. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/Lying/ CLASSES: 601/
Kalifa, Dominique iii Naissance de la police prive: Detectives et agences de recherches en France, 1832-1942. Paris: Plon, 2000, 334pp. LOC: Stanford; Duke; Cambridge. A detailed early history of private detective and investigative agencies in France from Vidocq until World War II; from reality to fiction. Kalifa was a professor of modern history specializing in criminology at the Sorbonne. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Police/Fiction/
Kam, Ephraim (1941- ) ii Surprise Attack: The Victims Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988, xv+266pp. Foreword by Thomas C. Schelling. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. ii With a New Preface, 2004. LOC: NPS; MIT; U of Hong Kong. Another sorry example although somewhat better than Levite (1987) of otherwise highly qualified researchers and theoreticians crippled by overlooking readily available data, existing data banks, and analytical categories. Kam (working with a data base of only 11 cases of major surprise attack) from 1940 to 1973 and Levite wastefully reinvented squeaky square wheels by neglecting to use existing large case-study data bases such as Liddell Hart (1929 & 1954), Whaley (1969), or Dupuy (1985). The author was a political scientist who had worked more than a dozen years as an intelligence analyst with the Israeli Ministry of Defense. This book was based on
Kams equally flawed doctoral dissertation at Harvard, Failing to Anticipate War: The Why of Surprise Attack (1983), a copy of which is in the NPS library. REV: Wirtz (1989). REV: Gideon Goron in International Journal of Intelligence ad Counterintelligence, Vol.3, No.2 (Summer 1988), 292-294. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/
Kaptchuk, Ted J. (1947- ) iiii Intentional Ignorance: A History of Blind Assessment and Placebo Controls in Medicine, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol.72, No.3 (Baltimore: Fall 1998), 389-433. LOC: BW (copy). Proves that placebo & double-blind studies in science are not just some post-World War Two innovation as medical studies like Beecher (1955) have led historically illiterate medical researchers to believe. In fact, Kaptchuk traces both protocols back two centuries to 1784 when surprise, surprise Benjamin Franklin headed an 8-member commission of senior French scientists charged by King Louis XVI to verify the then fashionable claims of Mesmers Animal Magnetism. Dr. Kaptchuk (O.M.D.) was then an Instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School. FIELDS: 4-Star/Medicine/
Karger, Paul A[shley]. ii "Limiting the Damage Potential of Discretionary Trojan Horses," Proceedings [of the] 1987 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1987), 32-37. LOC: U of Missouri; Oxford. Shows that certain active strategies can be used by an opponent to lure us into compromising our secret computer communications. This important paper is often cited by computer security programmers and cryptologists as giving Karger's pioneering algorithm for the detection of Trojan Horse programs. Points out where this defense can and cant apply. See Steele (1989), 248. Dr. Karger, whose BS in computer sciences was from MIT (1977), was with IBM when he presented this paper at the IEEE symposium in Oakland in April 1987. FIELDS: 2-Star/COMINT/Computers/
Karinthy, Frigyes (1887-1938) Lncszemak [Chains], in Minden mskppen van [Everything is Different] (Budapest: Athenaeum, 1929), 85. LOC: not seen; scarce even in Budapest according to Barabsi. A short story that appeared in the authors collection of short stories, his 46th published volume. Although he chose a fictional setting, Karinthy became the first explicit proponent of the so-called Six Degrees of Separation theory: To demonstrate that people on Earth today are much closer than ever, a member of the group suggested a test. He offered a bet that we could name any person among earths one and a half billion inhabitants and through at most five acquaintances, one of which he knew personally, he could link to the chosen one. as translated in Barabsi (2002), 26
This Budapest-born author was (and remains) a popular Hungarian writer journalist, playwright, poet, and translator. FIELDS: ?-Star/Fiction/Networks/
Karplus, Walter J. (1927-2001) iii The Heavens Are Falling: The Scientific Prediction of Catastrophes in Our Time. New York: Plenum Press, 1992, xviii+320pp. A general survey that is refreshingly strong on theory. Includes eight detailed case studies. Dr. Karplus was a Vienna-born American engineer and computer scientist at UCLA. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL-analysis/
Kassin, Saul M., and Lawrence S. Wrightsman (1931- ) ii The American Jury on Trial: Psychological Perspectives. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1988, xi+232pp. LOC: San Diego PL. See particularly Chapter 4 (Making Sense of the Evidence), 65-97. Both authors are professors of psychology. FIELDS: 2-Star/Law/
Kasturi, Dr. Bhashyam, Ph.D. iii Intelligence Services: Analysis, Organization and Functions. New Delhi: Lancer Papers, 1995, 101pp. Foreword by Lt. Gen. K. S. Khajuria. LOC: Oxford. On Indias intelligence services. A harsh critique and recommendations for improvement. A summary of some of the authors points is: Bhashyam Kasturi, Military Intelligence in India: An Analysis, The Indian Defence Review (1995). LOC: www.bharat-rakshak.com. Dr. Kasturi (1995 PhD from Delhi U), a specialist on international affairs, was Associate Editor of the Indian Defence Review. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/India/
Katterwe, H[orst] i Modern Approaches for the Examination of Toolmarks and Other Surface Marks, Forensic Science Review, Vol.8, No.1 (Jun 1996), 45-72. LOC: BW (copy). A mere catalog of the then new investigative techniques. No theory or even useful generalizations or insights. See instead Meuwly & Margot (2001). Dr. Katterwe, a PhD physicist, has been a forensic scientist in West Germany since 1976. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/Impressions/
Katz, Amrom H. (1915-1997) Observation Satellites: Problems, Possibilities and Prospects. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 25 May 1959, 128pp. Published as RAND Paper P-1707. LOC: not seen. Reportedly an introduction to all aspects of satellite surveillance, including what can be seen and recorded, the various sensors, the resolution achieved, the satellite-to-station communications, and arms control implications. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 117-118. FIELDS: ?-Star/IMINT/Inspection/
Hiders and Finders: An Approach to Inspection and Evasion Technology. Santa Monica: RAND, 1961, 9pp. Published as RAND Paper P-2432. LOC: www.rand.org; not seen. A pioneering statement of principles of arms control verification. FIELDS: ?-Star/Inspection/
Some Notes on the History of Aerial Reconnaissance. Santa Monica: RAND, 1966. Published as RAND Paper P-3310. LOC: www.rand.org; not seen. A preliminary history from the invention of photography in the 1850s until the end of the Korean War in 1953. Concludes that generally: 1) Ideas developed into doctrine and practice; 2) Gadgets became operational hardware; and 3) Novelty became a necessity. FIELDS: ?-Star/IMINT/
iii Verification and Salt: The State of the Art and the Art of the State. Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, April 1979, 45pp. LOC: BW; NPS; National Defense U. A thought-provoking essay on the problems of arms control verification in the face of deception. Katz was one of the worlds top experts on imagery interpretation since WW II and with The RAND Corporation after 1954. As a world-class practical joker and admirer of the seminal papers of R. V. Jones he was keenly attuned to the deception factor. Indeed it is mainly through Amroms personal Small World network that Jones key thoughts about deception and counterdeception diffused to the American intelligence and deception communities. FIELDS: 3-Star/IMINT/Inspection/Counterdeception/
iii Verification and Salt: A Different Line of Insight, in Pfaltzgraff & Raanan (1981), 143147. LOC: BW (copy). FIELDS: 3-Star/Counterdeception/Inspection/
ii Technical Collection in the 1980's, in Godson (1982), 101-126. FIELDS: 2-Star/TECHINT/
Katz, Elihu (1926- ) ii Communication Research and the Image of Society: Convergence of Two Traditions, American Journal of Sociology, Vol.65, No.5 (Mar 1960), 435-440. LOC: BW (copy); Internet (JSTOR). By the 1920s the field of sociology in America had split off the specialized sub-field of rural sociology. By comparing the published work in both fields Katz found that in the mid-1930s to mid-1950s, a full generation, they wasted much time, money, and effort in unknowing duplication of much of each others work, particularly on the topic of interpersonal diffusion of innovations. This failure to network is an interesting example of reinventing wheels. Dr. Katz (1956 Columbia PhD in Sociology) is now retired from the University of Pennsylvania (where hed been since 1992) and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. FIELDS: 2-Star/Networks/
________, Martin L. Levin, and Herbert Hamilton ii Traditions of Research on the Diffusion of Innovation, American Sociological Review, Vol.28 (1963), 237-252. Extends Katzs previous important findings about reinventing wheels to the disciplines of anthropology, folkloristics, marketing research, public health, economic development, and education. FIELDS: 2-Star/Networks/
iiThe End of Journalism? Notes on Watching the War, Journal of Communication, Vol.42, No.3 (Summer 1992), 5-13. LOC: BW3 (copy); Internet-JSTOR. Authors analysis of CNNs coverage of the Gulf War concludes that its proud instant reporting via satellite by-passes intelligent and informed editing to give only switching between long segments of meaningless images and empty analyses. See also Radford (2003 & 2005). FIELDS: 2-Star/Media/
Katzenbeisser, Stefan, [and] Fabien A. P. Petitcolas (editors) iii Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking. Boston: Artech House, 2000, xviii+220pp. Foreword by Ross J. Anderson. LOC: NPS; British L; LSE. A brief history and detailed survey of both steganography (hidden communications) and watermarking (ways to hide copyright in images). See also Anderson (1996, 1998, 2000), Cole (2003), Petitcolas (2000), and Wayner (2002).
Dr. Katzenbeisser taught at the Information Institute of Munich Technical University. Dr. Petitcolas, a Frenchman, worked at Cambridge University. REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol. 26, No.4 (Oct 2002). CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 603/ 3-Star/COMINT/IMINT/Cryptology/
Anderson & Petitcolas (1998) Petitcolas (2000)
Kaufman, Lloyd (1927- ) i Perception: The World Transformed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979, 418pp. A survey of the psycho-physiological literature on perception and misperception. Kaufman is an American PhD psychologist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/Perception/
Kautilya (fl. ca.300BC) Arthashastra [The Science of Economics and Politics]. Ca.300 BC. 15 sections. iiii English translation and edition by L. N. Rangarajan, Kautilya: The Arthashastra. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 1992, 868pp. The classic Hindu treatise on government and politics. Expressed a ruthless realism long before Machiavelli. Kautilya, who is also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta, was a senior adviser to King Chandragupta (reigned ca.321-c.297) of the great Mauryan Empire in Northern India. This long-lost work resurfaced in 1905 when R. Shamashastry, Librarian of the Mysore Government Oriental Library, began publishing English translations based on a then recently discovered manuscript whose value was first recognized by Mr. Shamashastry. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 5-Star/Deception/Politics/
Kay, David (ca. 1941- ) ii Denial and Deception: Iraq and Beyond. Washington, DC: Consortium for the Study of Intelligence, 1994, 34pp. LOC: BW; Pentagon. Authoritative account by Dr. Kay (Columbia PhD in Political Science), a former senior UN weapons inspector. Kay summarizes his own paper as Denial and Deception: The Lessons of Iraq, in Godson, May, & Schmitt (1995), 109-127. See also Blix (2004) & Ritter (2005). FIELDS: 2-Star/Inspection/Iraq/
Kaye, Myrna (1930- ) ii Fake, Fraud, or Genuine?: Identifying Authentic American Antique Furniture. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1987, 214pp with 212 illus. Reprinted 1991. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Gives some practical useful guidance on authentication. See also Bly (2002), 62-68.
The author is a widely published consultant and writer on New England antiques. FIELDS: 2-Star/Furniture/ )
Keating, Tom (1917-1984), Frank Norman, and Geraldine Norman (1940iii The Fakes Progress. London: Hutchinson, 1977, 272pp. LOC: U of Florida; Oxford; Trinity (Dublin). Also in facsimile PB (Arrow, 1978).
Frank and revealing autobiography of the celebrated British art faker. An illustrated catalog of his known fakes is G. Norman (editor), The Tom Keating Catalogue (London: Hutchinson, 1977, 104pp). Geraldine Norman was the fakebusting art journalist who first exposed Keating. Her husband interviewed Keating for this book. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/
Kebbell, Mark R., and Graham F. Wagstaff (1948- ) ii The Effectiveness of the Cognitive Interview, in Canter & Alison (1999), 23-63. The authors give this interview technique a plus. See also Fisher & Geiselman (1992) & Memon & Bull (1998). A weak negative view is Allison (1996). Dr. Kebbell is a psychologist at the University of Liverpool. Dr. Wagstaff (1975 U of Newcastle PhD) is also in psychology at Liverpool. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Keefe, Patrick Radden ii Chatter: Dispatches from the Secret World of Global Eavesdropping. New York: Random House, 2005, xvii+300pp. LOC: NPS. The most comprehensive unclassified overview of the Anglo-American practice and technique of intercepting all electronic communications (including cell phones) that depend on satellite transmission. Gives insufficient attention to the opportunity of using these channels for active disinformation and spoofing as well as its all-too-common ambiguity (see pp.214-223). See also Bamford (2001). Keefe is a student at Yale Law School. FIELDS: 2-Star/COMINT/Channels/
iii Cat and Mouse Games, The New York Review of Books, Vol.52, No.9 (26 May 2005), 41-43. An intelligent review of Arkin (2005). FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL-analysis/
Keegan, John (1934- ) Intelligence in War: Knowledge of the Enemy From Napoleon to Al-Qaeda. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003, xx+387pp. LOC: BW. A curiously bungled analysis erected on the shaky base of only six major case studies
and most of those much mishandled. Professor Keegan, Britains best-known freelance military historian, concludes that accurate, credible, and timely military intelligence is much, much, less a war-winner than generally depicted. I disagree. So does Commander Barber in the Canadian Military Journal where he judged this a deeply disappointing book whose author shows only a cursory understanding of the intelligence process. I also agree with Barber in advising readers to ignore Keegans book and go either with Hughes-Wilson (1999) or Handel (1984). Or, better yet, Ellis (1990). I find Keegans other work equally often sloppy and entirely ignorant of military planning. His flair and fame is for realistic description of soldiers in combat. The Oxford-educated Keegan was Lecturer at the Royal Military Academy (Sandhurst) 1960-1986, then Defence Correspondent of the Daily Telegraph (London) beginning in 1986, visiting professor at Princeton and Vassar. Knighted in 2000. REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.28, No.2 (Apr 2004). Gives a surprising thumbs up. REV: Commander M. J. Barber in Canadian Military Journal, Vol.5, No.1 (Spring 2004), 57-58. Rates it far from authoritative, will raise more confusion than enlightenment, and Poorly researched.... REV: Michael Warner in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.48, No.2 (2004). REV: Joseph Mazzafro in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.19, No.4 (Winter 2004), 734-737. A largely negative review. REV: Nigel West in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.18, No.2 (Summer 2005), 360-363. A thorough and well-deserved trashing. FIELDS: 0-Star/INTEL/
Keeler, Eloise (1905- ) i The Lie Detector Man: The Career and Cases of Leonarde Keeler. Boston: Telshare Publishing, Inc. 1984, xxii+195pp. With an Introductory Chapter by F. Lee Bailey. LOC: U of Nevada (Las Vegas). His sisters uncritical biography of polygraph pioneer Leonarde Nard Keeler (19031949). Some fresh biographical and historical material. An Introductory Chapter (pp.ix-xviii) by celebrity lawyer F. Lee Bailey touts the effectiveness of the polygraph and dismisses the claims that anyone can Beat the machine. FIELDS: 1-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Keeler, Leonarde (1903-1949) SEE: Larson, Haney & Keeler (1932) E. Keeler (1984) Keevak, Michael (1962- ) iii The Pretended Asian: George Psalmanazars Eighteenth-Century Formosan Hoax. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004, x+182pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno. The latest and most detailed entry in the biographical unraveling of Psalmanazars remarkable imposture and extraordinary ethnographic forgery. Ill let this book stand for the several earlier ones as a cautionary warning about such characters, although there are brief chapters on him in both Sergeant (1923) and Rosenblum (2000).
Prof. Keevak teaches in the Western language department at Taiwan University. REV: Norma Clarke in Times Literary Supplement, 25 Feb 2005. FIELDS: 3-Star/Hoax/Biography/
Keith-Spiegel, Patricia iii Early Conceptions of Humor: Varieties and Issues, in Goldstein & McGhee (1972), 3-39. The best historical survey of the various theories of humor, including Incongruity Theories (pp.7-9) and Surprise Theories (pp.9-10). Dr. Keith-Spiegel (PhD from Claremont Graduate U) was a professor of psychology at Ball State University. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Whitley & Keith-Spiegel (2002)
Kekul, August (1829-1896) SEE: Benfey (1958) Weiss & Brown (1987) Kelley, Douglas M., M.D. (1912- ) iii Conjuring as an Asset to Occupational Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vol.19, No.2 (Baltimore: Apr 1940), 71-108. LOC: BW (copy). Includes a sound chapter explaining The Psychology of Conjuring (pp.79-96) and an important one on The Teaching of Deception (pp.96-104). An ideal text for any instructor who wishes to introduce magical deception to the students in a deception or counterdeception course. Dr. Kelley, an American M.D. psychiatrist, became a devotee and practitioner of Korzybskis General Semantics in the late 1930s. During WW II he served as a U.S. Army Medical Corps lieutenant-colonel in the European war theater training medics in General Semantics to treat over 7,000 cases of battlefield neuroses. After the war when he served as the first chief psychiatrist at the Nuremberg prison charged with evaluating the 22 main Nazi war criminals. Later became a Professor of Criminology at UCBerkeley. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 3-Star/Magic/ CLASSES: 601/
Kelly, Jack iii The Truth About Lie Detectors, Invention & Technology, Vol.19, No.3 (Winter 2004), 1420. LOC: BW (copy). A convenient journalistic summary of polygraphing, neatly epitomized by the American science writers subtitle, Science, Pseudoscience, or Con Game? Its a Little Bit of Each. See also Lykken (1981), Clifton (1991), and Ruscio (2005). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Kelly, John F. (1951- ), and Phillip K. Wearne iii Tainting Evidence: Inside the Scandals at the FBI Crime Lab. New York: The Free Press, 1998, viii+355pp. LOC: Salinas PL; British L; Cambridge. A much-needed expos of a surprisingly shoddy system. The authors are American journalists. FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/USA/
Kelsey, Francis W. (1858-1927) i Some Archaeological Forgeries from Michigan, American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol.10, No.1 (Jan-Mar 1908), 48-59. LOC: BW3 (offprint, private) On two series of crude forgeries of seemingly Near Eastern pottery that surfaced in Michigan in 1890-91 and 1898. Dr. Kelsey (1886 Rochester PhD) was, beginning in 1889, a life-long professor at the University of Michigan. FIELDS: 1-Star/Archaeology/Pottery/
Kennedy, Marilyn Moats (1943- ) i Office Warfare: Strategies for Getting Ahead in the Aggressive 80s. New York: Macmillan, 1985, 267pp. A refreshingly Machiavellian view of office politics, including practical tips on how to detect and thwart coups and other actions to undermine your position. The author is a business career consultant and best-selling pop writer on the subject. FIELDS: 1-Star/Business/
Kent, Sherman (1903-1986) ii Strategic Intelligence for American Foreign Policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949, xiii+226pp. Reprinted 1953 & 1965. Also in PB. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Oxford. The classic primer of the process for analyzing intelligence. Kents theory and procedures for intelligence analysis, grounded in the basic historical method, have constituted the main model and influence at CIA from its inception. His new Preface to the 3rd edition (1965) stresses the value of open source intelligence in contrast to the Soviet stress on espionage. Kent was a Yale historian (1933 Yale PhD in history) and senior intelligence analyst for the OSS (1941-45) and CIA (1950-67). His autobiography is Reminiscences of a Varied Life (San Rafael, CA: 1991). Studies by Jones, Katz, Harris, and Whaley urge the value of some modification in Kents doctrine to accommodate more effective deception analysis. More recently (since 1999) Kents model has been flatly challenged by Schmitt and Shulsky (with, I believe, slight validity).
Compare McLachlan (1968), Jones (1989), Schmitt & Shulsky (1999), and Shulsky (3rd ed, 2002). REV: Willmoore Kendall in World Politics (Jul 1949), 542-545. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 15-16, calls it a basic primer. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/OSINT/
ii The Need for an Intelligence Literature, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.1, No.1 (Sep 1955), 1-8. Reprinted in Donald P. Steury (editor), Sherman Kent and the Board of National Estimates: Collected Essays, Washington, DC: History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1994), 13-19. LOC: NPS. Reprinted in Studies in Intelligence, Fall 2000. A vigorous but somewhat rambling argument for the need of what he calls [prematurely, I believe] the new profession of intelligence to develop a sound body of systematically collected readings. Among other points, Kent notes the stifling effect of over-classifying studies: The plain fact is that security and the advance of knowledge are in fundamental conflict (p.18). FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Kenyon, Henry S. iii Collusion Detection Technology Hunts Down Insider Crime, Signal Magazine, Vol.54, No.10 (Jun 2000), 65-67. LOC: BW (copy); Air U; www.afcea.org. The title is grossly misleading. The CDTECH software only identifies possible (not necessarily even likely) collusion (informal networking) between two (or more) persons on the basis of such personal background coincidences as having shared a residence, a phone number, or a bank account. Its just a start, one efficient method for prioritizing background checks. This software tool, CDTECH, was invented by Jeff Jonas, president of Systems Research & Development (SRD) of Las Vegas NV. It runs cross-check and pattern recognition algorithms against standard employee/visitor application data to create profiles which can be matched against a database of known undesirables, thereby increasing the power of personnel background checks. Strikes me as a most promising type of tool for identifying specific suspicious coincidences in interpersonal networks. I would also search for persons who have such other shared experiences as schooling, foreign travel, employers & employment history. RULE: The more the coincidences the more the suspicion. Kenyon is the staff business and technology writer for Signal Magazine, which is the official journal of the Armed Forces Communications and Electronic Association (AFCEA). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/HUMINT/Networks/
Kerr, Philip (editor) (1956- ) iii The Penguin Book of Lies. New York: Viking, 1990, xv+543pp. LOC: BW. A handy anthology of badness. See also Goldberg (1990). Kerr is a British lawyer, journalist, and minor novelist and thriller writer. FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/
Kessler, William F. (1906- ), and Paul B. Weston i The Detection of Murder. New York: Greenberg, 1953, 239pp. A barely adequate textbook by two homicide experts, Kessler an M.D. and Weston a deputy police inspector. Superceded by Innes (2003) and Corwin (2003). FIELDS: 1-Star/Police/
Ketterer, David (1942- ) ii The Rationale of Deception in Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979, 285pp. LOC: Hartnell College (Salinas). On the place of deception in the works of Edgar Allan Poe. See also Walsh (1968), Eco & Sebeok (1983), and Wilcocks (1994). The Canadian author is a professor of English. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Biography/
Keyes, Ralph (1945- ) iii Nice Guys Finish Seventh: False Phrases, Spurious Sayings, and Familiar Misquotations. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1992, xii+273. A model of conscientious fact checking of how every literary detective should go about compiling an accurate dictionary of quotations. A far more thoughtful and accurate data base than the more often cited but disappointing Paul F. Boller & John George, They Never Said It (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989). A second edition could well prove to be nearly definitive. Keyes, an American non-fiction writer, graduated from Antioch College in 1967. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CL/A&P/ 3-Star/Documents/
ii The Post-Truth Era: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life. New York: St. Martins Press, 2004, viii+312pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Pop-timely, knowledgeably informative, and realistic about the present. Unfortunately and unnecessarily assumes the nonsense that the allegedly utopian past was vastly more honest and less deceptive than in our times of post-truth, whatever that means. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
Khawam, Ren R. (translator) iii The Subtle Ruse: The Book of Arabic Wisdom and Guile. London and the Hague: EastWest Publications, 1980, 353pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fullerton. Sharp insight into the Arabic tradition that stresses ruses as a way of God and man. The anonymous author was a Middle Eastern Moslem, possibly Arab, who wrote his previously unpublished manuscript sometime shortly after 1283 AD. Translated from the only known copy, dated 1061 AH = 1651 AD, is in the Bibliothque Nationale. Unfortunately but typically it preserves only 10 of the original 20 chapters. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Deception/Arabia/
Kiev, Ari, M.D. (editor) ii Magic, Faith, and Healing: Studies in Primitive Psychiatry Today. New York: The Free Press, 1964, xvii+475. Foreword by Jerome D. Frank. LOC: NPS. A collection of 19 essays by as many experts, mostly psychologists, psychiatrists, anthropologists, one physician, and one psychoanalyst. This was the first cross-cultural study of psychotherapeutic theories and practices. See also Torrey (1972), Kleinman (1988), and Osborne (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Cultures/Psychotherapy/
Kimbrough, John L., M.D. ii CSA Stamps: Fakes, Counterfeits, Reprints, Facsimiles. Internet, 2000, 9 pages. LOC: BW (copy); www.jlkstamps.com/fakes/fakescsa.htm. A good introductory text on Confederate States of America postage stamps. Dr. Kimbrough is a retired USAF colonel who specializes in Confererate stamps as a full-time dealer in Benbrook, Texas. FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/
Kind, Stuart S. (1925-2003) ii The Scientific Investigation of Crime. Harrogate, Eng.: Forensic Science Services Ltd., 1987, 422pp. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento; Oxford. A perceptive account. It is a rare pleasure to read a forensic text that cites R. V. Joness, Most Secret War and Colin Cherrys On Human Communication as well as describing Bayesian analysis. Stuart Stanley Kind graduated in 1951 in biology & chemistry from his hometown Nottingham U. Next year he began his life-long career as a forensic scientist, soon become director of successive forensic laboratories. In the mid-1950s he invented the Absorption-Elution method for ABO grouping of old bloodstains that speeded up analysis by an order of magnitude (pp.177-180). Before publishing this revolutionary and stillused method he subjected it to what he later believed (p.180) was probably the first published example of a blind test being applied to a forensic science technique. Founded the first British forensic society (1959) and journal (1960). In 1980 by applying
his knowledge as a WW II RAF navigator he invented the modern forensic technique of Geographic Profiling or Geoforensics (pp.77-83). FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
iii The Sceptical Witness: Concerning the Scientific Investigation of Crime against a Human Background. Harrogate, Yorkshire: The Forensic Science Society, 1999, iii+266pp. Foreword by P. D. James. LOC: BW3; Eastern Illinois U; Glasgow U; hard to find. Amusing, rambling, and eccentric yet often wise and instructive memoirs of an English biologist and forensic scientist. See also Canter (2003). Recommended reading for all scientists, detectives, and intelligence analysts, from teaching the rank beginner to stimulating the most advanced practitioner. FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/
Kindelberger, Charles P. (1910-2003) i Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises. Fourth Edition, New York: John Wiley& Sons, Inc., 2000, xii+290pp. A classic study, the first edition of which was published in 1978. See particularly Chapter 5 (The Emergence of Swindles), 73-90. The author was a distinguished professor of economics at MIT for 33 years. FIELDS: 1-Star/Economics/
King, David (1943- ) iii The Commissar Vanishes: The Falsification of Photographs and Art in Stalins Russia. New York: Henry Holt, 1997, 192pp. Preface by Stephen F. Cohen. On Soviet photographic censorship and forgery and the detection thereof. FIELDS: 3-Star/IMINT/Russia/
Kipling, Rudyard (1865-1936) ii Kim. London: Macmillan and Co., 1901, 413pp. LOC: Congress; U of London. A classic of espionage fiction, justifiably so. It is the story of a young orphan son of an Irish soldier in India where he gets recruited by British Intelligence and trained to spy on their Russian counterparts. Although preceded by James Fenimore Coopers The Spy (1821) and closely followed by Joseph Conrads The Secret Agent (1907), Kim came to dominate the imaginations of the great majority of readers. It introduced the phrase The Great Game as a synonym for espionage and includes such memorable scenes as the one where Kims mentor teaches him how to increase his powers of observation. Kipling called it the Jewel Game (Chapter 9) and, after adoption by the first Boy Scout manuals, it was called Kims Game. The novels nicely balanced mix of romanticism and reality came naturally to Kipling. As a Victorian imperialist he embodied the many standard romantic notions of The White Mans Burden and the Mysterious East. But his realism reflected his personal experience of British India: Born and raised there until age six he returned at age 17. And there he worked from 1882 to 1889 as a journalist for local English-language
newspapers. And those jobs led, in turn, to his being cultivated by officers of British Intelligence (a forerunner of M.I.6) who indoctrinated him with some secrets of the Great Game of imperialist competition with the Russian Empire that focused on control of the Indian-Afghan borderlands. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/India/HUMINT/
Kirk, Paul L[eland] (1902-1970) ii Crime Investigation: Physical Evidence and the Police Laboratory. New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc., 1953, xxii+784pp. LOC: U of South Alabama. i 2nd edition as simply Crime Investigation, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974, 508pp. Edited by John I. Thornton. Facsimile reprint 1985. The leading textbook of its era, one intended for generalists in law enforcement rather than forensic specialists. Astonishingly, Kirk manages to omit Locards Exchange Principle entirely and Locard himself except for one citation on dust particles. The original edition was far more comprehensive than the posthumously edited later one, which while updating some procedures and references gutted many good parts. But, unfortunately, still influential. See also Nickolls (1956), Inman & Rudin (2001), and Osterburg & Ward (2004). Dr. Kirk was a noted criminologist whose career peaked in 1950 when he became Professor of Biochemistry and Criminalistics at Berkeley. FIELDS: 1-Star/ Forensics/
iii The Ontogeny of Criminalistics, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminalistics, Vol.54 (Baltimore: 1963), 235-238. LOC: BW (copy). Introduced to forensic science Kirks key principle of individualization. Although usually thought of only as a prolific researcher, rather than a theoretician, Dr. Kirk has been credited, and properly so, by some criminalists as having formulated the Principle of Individualization (or Principle of Individuality). CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 600/ 3-Star/Forensics/ DeHaan (1997)
Kirsh, Andrea, and Rustin S. Levenson (1947- ) iii Seeing Through Paintings: Physical Examination in Art Historical Studies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000, xvi+328pp. LOC: Colgate U; U of La Verne. On the authentication of European and American easel paintings by physical examination of their materials, techniques, and condition. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Painting/
Kirwin, Barbara R. Ph.D. ii The Mad, the Bad, and the Innocent: The Criminal Mind on Trial. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1997, 306pp. LOC: BW. Also in PB. An American clinical and forensic psychologist describes her job of trying to identify the truly insane and expose the fakers in both criminal and civil legal cases. See also forensic psychiatrists Jung (1905), Brussel (1968), Athens (1980, 1997), and Abrahamsen (1983), none of whom she mentions, despite their greater fame and prior claims. Professional jealousy, cunning self-publicity, or just ignorance of the literature? See also Lewis (1998). FIELDS: 2-Star/Profiling/Law/
Kiss, Elizabeth i Strategic Deception in Modern Democracies: The Ethical Dimension, 1 Nov 2003. LOC: BW (copy); <www.duke.edu/web/tiss/archives/conferencerecords/Deception/Kiss.pdf>. Attacks Jajko (2002) for his amoral position on deception. A paper presented at the Conference on Strategic Deception in Modern Democracies: Ethical, Legal, and Policy Challenges, at Duke University in 2003. See also Bok (1978 & 1983). Dr. Kiss was a Rhodes scholar at Oxford where she took her PhD. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Ethics/
Kitaoka, Akiyoshi (1961- ) SEE UNDER: Seckel (2003) Kitson Clark, G. (1900-1975) i The Critical Historian. New York: Basic Books, 1967, 214pp. See particularly Chapter 8 ("Documents Genuine and Spurious"), pp.62-81. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/Historiography/
Klaassen, Curtis D. (editor) ii Casarett and Doulls Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001, xix+1236pp. LOC: Congress; Harnell College (Salinas, CA); Internet (electronic book ISBN 1591247675). The standard text with 34 articles written by 71 prominent specialists contributing to 7 topical sections that range from history (a weak effort) to forensics. A jumble of facts and opinions with little organization, theory, and even little of the promised basic science. The first edition, by Casarett & Doull and titled simply Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, appeared in 1975. See also Stevens (1990), Trestrail (2000), and True & Dreisbach (2001).
Dr. Klaassen, an American pharmacologist, was Professor of Pharmacology & Toxicology at the University of Kansas. REV: A. A. In his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.3, No.1 (Jan-Jun 2002). An experts very high recommendation of the 6th edition (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Toxicology/
Klein, Alexander (1918-2002) i Grand Deception: The Worlds Most Spectacular and Successful Hoaxes, Impostures, Ruses and Frauds. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1955, 382pp., no index. A popular best-seller. Entertaining stories but no theory or documentation. See also Stein (1993), Lindskoog (1993), Randi (1995), Roberts (1982), Moss (1977), MacDougall (1940). Author was a Hungarian-born American popular freelance writer on the ways of society. FIELDS: 1-Star/Hoax/Fraud/
Klein, Gary A. iii Strategies of Decision Making, Military Review, Vol.69, No.5 (May 1989), 56-64. LOC: BW3 (copy); NPS. Klein studied 150 experienced decision makers and hundreds of their decisions. He found that less than 10% of their decision-making time was spent on systematic analytical approaches. Instead they relied on intuition, which Klein defines as a recognitional, pattern-matching process that flows from experience. See also Gourley (1997). Dr. Klein, a PhD cognitive psychologist, has headed Klein Associates Inc., an R&D company. FIELDS: 3-Star/Intuition/Decision/
Kleinberg, Jon M. iii Navigation in a small world, Nature, Vol.406 (24 Aug 2000), 845. LOC: BW3 (copy). Models the implicit finding in Pool & Kochen (1958/1978), Whaley (1961), and Milgram (1967) that not only do small worlds exist but that most people efficiently search through them by intuitively sensed short routes. Dr. Jon Rebel King Kleinberg (1996 MIT PhD) is a Professor of Computer Science at Cornell. He received a 2005 MacArthur Foundation Fellowship. FIELDS: 3-Star/Networks/Intuition/
Kleiner, Murray (editor) ii Handbook of Polygraph Testing. San Diego: Academic Press, 2002, xi+354pp LOC: CalStateU-Fresno. Kleiner and 12 other specialists contribute 12 articles that range across the subject. See particularly Honts & Amato (2002).
REV: Dr. Punget Setta & Dr. Avneesh Gupta in Anil Aggarwals Internet Journal of Forensic Toxicology, Vol.5, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2004). Rates it An extremely good job. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Kleinfeld, Judith i "Six Degrees of Separation: Urban Myth?," Psychology Today. Vol.35, No.2 (Apr 2002), 74. LOC: BW. A widely reported (often somewhat misreported) critical re-analysis of Milgram (1967) based on his papers at Yale. Argues that Milgrams own draft data, suppressed in his published papers, proves his Small World to be substantially larger than he portrayed it, indeed connected through at least nine (not five or six) degrees of separation. See also Watts (1999). Dr. Kleinfeld is a professor of psychology at the University of Alaska. FIELDS: 1-Star/HUMINT/Networks/
Kleinman, Arthur, M.D. ii Rethinking Psychiatry: From Cultural Category to Personal Experience. New York: Free Press, 1988, xiv+237pp. LOC: San Diego PL. An overdue cross-cultural look at psychotherapy. Dr. Kleinman, an American, is a medical anthropologist and psychiatrist at Harvard with two decades of experience with North American Indians and in China, Taiwan and other Asian countries. See also Kiev (1964), Torrey (1972), and Osborne (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Cultures/Psychotherapy/Military/
Kleinman, Steven M. iii The Acme of Skill: Embracing the Potential of Strategic Interrogation, Defense Intelligence Journal, Vol.13, No.1 & 2 (2005), 65-86. LOC: NPS. An analysis comparing US Military Intelligence POW interrogation procedures in World War Two (when Kleinman discovered it had become rather effective) with those post2003 interrogations (which he judged from personal experience were badly flawed). For their British counterparts see Fedorowich (1999). Lt. Col. Kleinman (USAFR) has a BA in psychology from UC-Davis, an MS in forensic sciences from National University in San Diego, and an MSSI (on US strategic interrogation during World War II) from the Joint Military Intelligence College. He has over 20 years experience in interrogation, including in three military campaigns. FIELDS: 3-Star/Interrogation/
Kline, Ronald R. iii What Is Information Theory a Theory Of? Boundary Work among Information Theorists and Information Scientists in the United States and Britain during the Cold War, in W. Boyd Raymond and Mary Jane Bowden (editors), The History and Heritage of Scientific and Technological Information Systems: Proceedings of the 2002 Conference (Medford, NJ: Information Today, Inc., 2004), 15-28. LOC: BW3 (copy); Internet.
Exposes the origins and developments of Information Theory as developed by Claude Shannon and others. Dr. Kline (1983 University of Wisconsin PhD in History of Science) has been a professor of history & ethics of engineering electrical and computer engineering as Cornell since 1987. FIELDS: 3-Star/Communication/
Klinger, Leslie S. (editor) i The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 3 volumes. Vols. 1 & 2 (2004, lxvii+1,878pp) contain the 54 short stories; Vol.3 (2005, 992pp.) contains the four novels. Introduction by John Le Carr. LOC: Monterey PL. A reference work rendered absurd by its shop-worn whimsy that Holmes was a real person whose scribe was Dr. Watson and whose literary agent was Sir Arthur. See also Baring-Gould (1967) for an earlier and better complete Sherlock Holmes. Klinger is a prominent Sherlockian who resides in Los Angeles where he practices law. I have not yet consulted the reputedly definitive Oxford Sherlock Holmes (OUP, 9 volumes, 1993) edited by Owen Dudley Edwards. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/
Klotz, Irving M. (1916-2005) ii Diamond Dealers and Feather Merchants: Tales from the Sciences. Boston/ Basel/ Stuttgart: Birkhuser, 1985, x+120pp. An amusing and scholarly survey of cases where scientists prejudices and preconceptions led their research astray. See also Grayson (1995). Dr. Klotz (1940 PhD from Chicago), an American, was a chemist at Northwestern University until retiring in 1986. FIELDS: 2-Star/Perception/
Knapp, Mark L., Mark E. Comadena ii Telling It Like It Isnt: A Review of Theory and Research on Deceptive Communications, Human Communication Research, Vol.5, No.3 (Spring 1979), 270-282. LOC: BW3 (copy); Montana State U -Billings. On deception and its detection from pre-human to modern times. A survey of recent research. The authors underlying explicit belief is that both truths and lies are always relative. I believe, on the contrary, that they can be relative only in the perceptions of one or more of the actors. Dr. Knapp (1966 PhD from Pennsylvania State U) was then a Professor of Communications at Purdue, later at the University of Texas (Austin). Comadena was a doctoral candidate in communications at Purdue. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Kneece, Jack iii Ghost Army of World War II. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, 2001, 280pp. LOC: Marine Corps U; Sunnyvale PL; Cambridge. On the US Army 23rd Hq Special Troops. Based mostly on interviews with survivors who add a fresh dimension of detail to most of the other accounts. Cost-benefit estimates are given on pp.79-93, 280. See also Official History 23rd (1945), Whaley (21 Oct 1987), Mendelsohn (1989b), Wilson (2001), Gawne (2002), and Gerard (2002). Kneece is an American freelance journalist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/USA/
Knight, Bernard (1931- ) ii Forensic Pathology. London: Edward Arnold, 1991, viii+584pp. A comprehensive textbook. See also Di Maio & Di Maio (2001) and Dolinak (2005). Dr. Knight was Professor of Forensic Pathology at the University of Wales College of Medicine. FIELDS: 2-Star/Medicine/
Knight, Chris (1942- ) iii "Ritual/speech coevolution: a solution to the problem of deception," in James R. Hurford, Michael Studdert-Kennedy, and Chris Knight (editors), Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive Bases (Cambridge: CUP, 1998), 68-91. LOC: Nova Southeastern U. Authors interesting "solution" is to theorize that ritualistic fictions had to balance truthful statements to provide any evolutionary benefit. Knight was a prominent British anthropologist at the University of East London. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Evolution/
ii "The Evolution of Cooperative Communication." In Knight and others (2000), 19-26. FIELDS: 2-Star/Evolution/
________, Michael Studdert-Kennedy, James R. Hurford (editors) iii The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Function and the Origins of Linguistic Form. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, xi+426pp. LOC: BW; Florida International U. Collected papers presented in London in 1998 at the Second International Conference on the Evolution of Language. Addresses the interfaces of Chomskyan linguistics, social communication, mental conceptualization, and evolutionary genetics. Fortunately for such a necessarily interdisciplinary topic, the editors are specialists in, respectively, anthropology, communications, and linguistics. See specifically Knight (2000) and Dessalles (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/
Knight, Roger [John Beckett] ii The Pursuit of Victory: The Life and Achievement of Horatio Nelson. London: Allen Lane, 2005, xxxv+873pp. LOC: Combined Arms Research L (Ft. Leavenworth). In 1805 Admiral Lord Nelson achieved victory and death at Trafalgar. The world had to wait 200 years and nearly 200 biographies later to see publication of a worthy biography. Roger Knight was the first to fully scrape aside the myths and, following five years of research among original documents, construct a superbly documented picture of the man and his achievements. See also Maffeo (2000). Dr. Knight (1972 University of London PhD) is Professor of Naval History at the University of Greenwich. REV: N.A.M. Rodger, Out of the Victory, Times Literary Supplement, No.5347 (23 Sep 2005), 3-4. An enthusiastic review. FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/
Knorr, Klaus (1911- ), and Patrick Morgan (1940- ) (editors) i Strategic Military Surprise: Incentives and Opportunities. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1983, vi+265pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; MIT; Australian Defence Force Academy. A collection of 9 original articles by 5 authors: Knorr, Morgan, Michael Doyle, Handel, & Betts. Trivially relevant to deception, which gets only passing attention from the various authors. See particularly Morgan (1983). FIELDS: 1-Star/Surprise/
Kochen, Manfred (editor) (1928-1989) iiii The Small World. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1989, xxvi+382pp. A collection of interpersonal contact network studies honoring Ithiel de Sola Pool, Stanley Milgram, and Theodore Newcomb. See also Pool & Kochen (1958/1978), Whaley (1961), Milgram (1967), Watts (1999), and Freeman (2004), 107-109. Dr. Kochen (1955 PhD in math from Columbia), Fred as he called himself, had been born in Vienna, fled the Nazis with his family in 1938. Took his BA in physics in 1950 from MIT. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: CI/ 4-Star/HUMINT/Networks/ CLASSES: 600/
Pool & Kochen (1958/1978)
Koertge, Noretta (editor) (1935- ) ii A House Built on Sand: Exposing Postmodernist Myths about Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, xi+322pp. A collection of 18 articles by as many authors defending the scientific method as an effective research procedure. See also Sokal & Bricmont (1997), Haack (1997 & 2003), Brown (2001), and Weinberg (2001).
Dr. Koertge, a chemist and science historian, was a professor at Indiana U until she retired in 2000. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Logic/
Koestler, Arthur (1905-1983) ii The Act of Creation. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1964, 751pp. Foreword by Sir Cyril Burt. Facsimile PB reprint (1967). Best-selling study of creativity, including humor, by the famous Hungarian-born British writer. He includes much material on humor as a type of creativity in building on his earlier book, Insight and Outlook (New York: Macmillan, 1949). Koestler was a brilliant maverick, which may explain why this book suffers from a somewhat exaggerated pretense of intellectual originality. OK on philosophy but beyond his depth on matters of science as witness his later gullible books on parapsychology and evolution. An interesting book not the least of whose features is that Koestler unwittingly picked one of psychologys greater frauds to script the Foreword. See also Arieti (1950 & 1976), Beveridge (1980), Perkins (1981), Boden (1990), Eysenck (1995), and Simonton (1999). One pointed critique by Sir Peter Medawar and Koestlers reply is in Medawar (1967), 85-95. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Humor/
Kohn, Alexander (1919- ) ii False Prophets: Fraud and Error in Science and Medicine. London: Blackwell, 1986, 226pp. Author was Professor of Virology at Tel Aviv Medical School and editor of the whimsical The Journal of Irreproducible Results. See also Broad & Wade (1982), Gardner (1988), Miller & Hersen (1992), LaFollette (1992), and Gratzer (2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Medicine/Fraud/
Khnken, Gnter iii Training Police Officers to Detect Deceptive Eyewitness Statements: Does it Work?, Social Behavior, Vol.2 (Chichester, Eng.:1987), 1-17. LOC: BW (copy); Congress. Concludes that Police officers did not perform better than chance and training did not improve their accuracy. (p.1). The author was then with the Psychology Department at the Kiel University in West Germany. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/Police/Interrogation/ Akehurst, Bull, Vrij, & Khnken (2004)
Koobatian, James (compiler) (1952- ) ii Faking It: An International Bibliography of Art and Literary Forgeries, 1949-1986. Washington, D.C.: Special Libraries Association, 1987, x+240pp. LOC: Getty; MOMA: U of Florida. A continuation of Reisner (1950), adding 1,835 items including a few earlier works that Reisner had overlooked. Useful but with many unclear titles needing annotation. FIELDS: 2-Star/Bibliography/
Koppett, Leonard (1923- ) ii The Essence of the Game is Deception: Thinking about Basketball. Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1973, 274pp. LOC: BW. Sees basketball as the most deceptive sport on a moment-by-moment and player-byplayer basis. See also Mawby & Mitchell (1986). The Russian-born author was a noted American sportswriter. FIELDS: 2-Star/Sports/
Korn, James H. (1938- ) ii Illusions of Reality: A History of Deception in Social Psychology. New York: State University of New York Press, 1997, xiii+204pp. LOC: BW; U of Hong Kong. A thorough survey of the ethically and technically interesting problems raised by the extensive use of deception by social psychology experimenters to manipulate their unsuspecting subjects. FIELDS: 2-Star/Pshchology/Deception/
Korzybski, Alfred (1879-1950) i Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. Fourth Edition, Lakeville, Conn.: The International Non-Aristotelian Library Publishing Company, 1958, xc+798pp. LOC: San Diego PL. This is the classic text on General Semantics, the theory that people can improve their social communication and mental health by learning to use words and symbols with greater precision. The first edition of this eccentric and controversial book appeared in 1933. The Second Edition (1941) was the first to add themes of deception and selfdeception (pp.xxxvi & lix) and point to the ways in the original text that the author believed would correct for these. Korzybski believed deception & self-deception were forms of psychological illness that can be treated with linguistic therapy. Unfortunately I cant vouch for any of this because, after a half century of trying, I always nod off into boredom before the promised moment of enlightenment. See Hayakawa (1990) for a clear summary of General Semantics. Korzybski did make one simple, memorable, and therefore widely quoted pointan analogy relating maps to theories, The map is not the territory it represents, but, if correct, it has a similar structure to the territory, which accounts for its usefulness. This point is well-taken because, Like Korzybskis map, every theory is an abstraction, always incomplete in at least some details.
Count Korzybski was a Poland-born American and founder of General Semantics. Trained as an engineer, in World War I he served in the Russian Army as a staff intelligence officer. FIELDS: 1-Star/Science/Logic/Sociology/
Kouzminov, Alexander iii Biological Espionage: Special Operations of the Soviet and Russian Foreign Intelligence Services in the West. London: Greenhill Books, 2005, 192pp. Introduction by Nigel West. LOC: NPS. Insiders account of the robust efforts by Soviet/Russian intelligence to monitor foreign biological warfare developments. Unless independently confirmed, Id advise taking with great caution some of his more sensational (and widely publicized) claims, particularly all his speculations about Russian developments in biological weapons since he left in 1992. Dr. Kouzminov, a biologist, had joined the KGB in 1985. There he served in the Illegals Directorate for eight years until 1992. Left Russia in 1994, immigrating eventually to New Zealand. FIELDS: 3-Star/HUMINT/WMD/
Krackhardt, David (1950- ) ii Simmelian Ties: Super Strong and Sticky, in Roderick M. Kramer & Margaret A. Neale (editors), Power and Influence in Organizations (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998), 21-38. LOC: NPS. On Georg Simmels pioneering modeling of Small Worlds. Dr. Krackhardt (1984 PhD in Organizational Behavior, UC-Irvine), is Professor of Organizations in the Heinz School at UC-Irvine. He is also an Erds #2 through his co-publication with Frank Harary. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Networks/
iii The Ties That Torture: Simmelian Tie Analysis in Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol.16 (1999), 183-210. LOC: BW (copy). Shows that it isnt always advantageous for a person to occupy a position in a group that is both connected by Simmelian Ties (strongly embedded in cliques) and, contrary to R. S. Burts theory, high in Structural Holes. FIELDS: 3-Star/Networks/
Krammer, Arnold ii Russian Counterfeit Dollars: A Case of Early Soviet Espionage, Slavic Review, Vol.30, No.4 (Dec 1971), 762-763. LOC: BW3 (copy); Internet-JSTOR. Reports the large unsuccessful efforts by Stalin in the period 1928-1934 to have the GRU and Comintern counterfeit US $100 Federal Reserve notes and distribute them. Stalin did so to overcome the Soviet Unions severe shortage of foreign currency.
REV: Rocca & Dziak (1985), 140, call it a basic survey piece. FIELDS: 2-Star/Currency/Russia/
Krause, Lincoln B. iii Insurgent Intelligence: The Guerrilla Grapevine, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.9, No.2 (Fall 1996), 291-311. On the evolution of intelligence vulnerabilities and capabilities of guerrilla groups as they develop. See also Whaley (1967). Krause was an intelligencer with the DIA whod earlier served with US Army intelligence. FIELDS: 3-Star/HUMINT/Asymmetry/
Krebs, John R., and Richard Dawkins (1941- ) iii "Animal Signals: Mind-Reading and Manipulation," in J. R. Krebs & N. B. Davies (editors), Behavioral Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach (2nd edition, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984), 380-402. LOC: BW (copy). A revision of Dawkins & Krebs's paper in the first edition (1978). These authors, both British zoologists, speculate that many types of both cooperative and manipulative (deceptive) strategies in animals have a basis in genetic evolution. They also identify two defensive strategies that animals can use to defend against an adversary who attempts to predict its actions: concealment and deception. Miller (2000), 403, agrees but adds a crucial third option: randomness. FIELDS: Krentz & Wheeler (1994) SEE: Leo VI Polyaenus Kretschmann, Georg i Faszination Flschung: Kunst-, Geld- und andere Flscher und ihre Schicksale. Berlin: Parthas, 2001, 219pp. LOC: Congress; National Gallery of Art. On forgeries and counterfeits. FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/ 3-Star/Zoology/Evolution/
Krishna Menon, V. K. (1897-1974) i A Theory of Laughter: With Special Relation to Comedy and Tragedy. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1931, 187pp. LOC: Brigham Young U. Waffles between Incongruity Theory and William McDougalls Instinct Theory. See also Provine (2000). Krishna Menon, brilliant but widely detested Indian politician and writer, was infamous for his own biting humor. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Kronman, Mark The Deceptive Practices of the 23rd Headquarters Special Troops During World War II. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: Tactical Operations Analysis Office, U.S. Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity, Jan 1978, 67pp. LOC: US Army Military History Institute; not seen; scarce. Utilized in LeHockey (1989a), 273-278. FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/USA/
Kruegel, Christopher (1976- ), Fredrik Valeur, Giovanni Vigna ii Intrusion Detection and Correlation: Challenges and Solutions. New York: Springer, 2005, xiv+118pp. LOC: U of Missouri. On computer security and electronic countermeasures. An advanced text. Dr. Kruegel is a PhD in computer science from Vienna Technical U. He and his co-authors were at UC-Santa Barbara. FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/
Kuei Wan-jung (compiler) (ca.1170-ca.1260) iii Tang-yin pi-shih [Parallel Cases Solved by Eminent Judges]. AD 1211. English translation with introduction and notes by R. H. van Gulik as Tang-yin-pi-shih: Parallel Cases from under the Pear-tree, a 13th century manual of Jurisprudence and Detection. Leiden, Holland: E. J. Brill, 1956, xiv+198pp. Facsimile reprint 1979. LOC: UC-Berkeley; U of Florida; Oxford; U of Hong Kong. Anthology summarizing 144 historical Chinese criminal and civil law cases solved by various officials during the period from ca.520 BC till ca.1100 AD. Compiled in 1211 AD by Kuei, a scholar-lawyer of the Southern Sung Dynasty who took his doctorate (chinshih) in 1196. Organized as 72 pairs of similar cases. See also Sung (1247). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Law/China/
Kruglak, Theodore Edward ii The Two Faces of TASS. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962, 263pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. The most detailed history and description of the official Soviet news agency showing its dual roles as news collector and intelligence agency serving the KGB. See also Whaley (1970) for Soviet journalists in China. Kruglak, an American, had been a journalist who turned to teaching journalism at Long Island University. REV: Mark Gayn in The Nation, 19 Nov 1962. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Winter 1963. FIELDS: 2-Star/Media/Russia/
Kuhn, Thomas (1922-1996) iii The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2nd ed., 1970, 210pp. LOC: BW. Kuhns ground-breaking theory of how discovery and creativity in science come about. When the 1st edition appeared in 1962 it brought a fresh and liberating intellectual wind to the stultifying ways most of us had begun to think about scientists. But, although often a fair explanation of many key changes in scientific theories, Professor Kuhn tended to overly emphasize the revolutionary degree of change in those dominant scientific theories he called paradigms. Unfortunately, his more avid followers misinterpret his theory. The fevered Post-Modernists do so by taking Kuhns simple views and stretching and over-complicating them to unscientific lengths and the Philistines by reducing them and redefining his useful but rare-event notion of paradigm shift so that it has become a tiresome clich applied to every trivial change. Dr. Kuhn took a 1949 PhD in physics from Harvard where he remained to teach the history of science. Then as full Professor of the History of Science he moved, successively, in 1961 to UC-Berkeley and in 1979 to MIT. For background see Merton (2004), 262-269. For solid criticisms see Haack (2003) and Brown (2001), 63-71. And compare Popper (1959). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Creativity/
Kujau, Konrad (1938-2000) SEE UNDER: Hamilton (1991) and Picker (1992) Kurland, Michael (1938- ) i How to Solve a Murder: The Forensic Handbook. New York: Macmillan, 1995, 194pp. For a trade paperback aimed at mystery fans and writers, surprisingly good introductory book. Nickell & Fischer (1999) point out some serious errors, evidently due to hasty research. After serving a hitch in US Army Intelligence 1958-62, Kurland became a fulltime writer of mystery, sci-fi, thriller, and romantic novels (the last as Jennifer Plum). Also wrote true crime books as well as a soft-porn column for one of the skin magazines. Known for his fiction, sometimes in nominal co-authorships with Chester Anderson, Randall Garrett, Bill Pronzini, and S.W. Barton [Bart Whaley]. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
Kurz, Otto (1908-1975) Fakes. London: Faber and Faber, 1948, 328pp + 95 plates. iii Second Revised and Enlarged Edition, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1967, 348pp + 142 ill. LOC: BW. Also translated into French. Good early survey of faked paintings, prints, sculpture, mosaics, furniture, jewelry, medals, archaeological finds, ceramics, glass, etc. Still often cited. The Austrian author worked in England as a professor of history. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/
Kutchins, Herb, and Stuart A. Kirk ii Making Us Crazy: DSM: The Psychiatric Bible and the Creation of Mental Disorders. New York: The Free Press, 1997, 305pp; London: Constable, 1999, 305pp. A slashing critique of the DSM-IV and the claimed ability of the psychiatric profession to diagnose mental states. Expands on the authors earlier book, The Selling of DSM: The Rhetoric of Science in Psychiatry (1992), which also damned the DSM-III. See also Walker (1996) and compare Hamstra (1994). The authors, both Americans, are professors of social work. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/
-LLacassagne, Alexandre (1843-1924) SEE UNDER: Bercher (1906) Artires & Corneloup (2004) LaFollette, Marcel C. (1944- ) iii Stealing into Print: Fraud, Plagiarism, and Misconduct in Scientific Publishing. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992, viii+293pp. Also in PB. A thorough and intelligently nuanced survey. LaFollette is an Associate Professor of Science and Technology at George Washington University. See also Broad & Wade (1982), Kohn (1986), Miller & Hersen (1992), LaFollettes own paper in Pallone & Hennessy (1995), Grayson (1995), and Gratzer (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Science/Plagiarism/Fraud/
Lagrange, Francis (1894-1964), with William Murray (1926- ) i Flag on Devils Island. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961, 238pp. Autobiography of genial French art forger Flag who was arrested in 1930 and served a 15-year sentence at the famous penal colony for counterfeiting a painting and French currency. Released in French Guiana 1946, he settled in the capital. See Jeppson (1970), 118-129. FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/Currency/Biography/
Lambert, D[avid] R. (1942- ) ii A Cognitive Model For Exposition of Human Deception and Counterdeception. San Diego: Naval Ocean Systems Center, 1987, 25pp. plus 9 appendices. LOC: BW; http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sti/publications/biblio/SIMULATION.HTML. Reprinted in The Journal of Physical Security, Vol.1, Issue 1 (2004), Paper 5. LOC: http://jps.lanl.gov. A pioneering effort to develop a perceptual typology applicable to deception and counterdeception. This comprehensive taxonomy was developed for the US Navy. Dr. Lambert, a cognitive psychologist (UCSD PhD, 1977), is an amateur magician and member of the International Brotherhood of Magicians (IBM). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Psychology/Deception/Counterdeception/
Cohen, Lambert, & others (2001)
Lamont, Peter, and Richard Wiseman (1966- ) i Magic in Theory: An Introduction to the theoretical and psychological elements of conjuring. Seattle: Hermetic Press, Inc., 1999, xvi+175pp. A surprisingly weak effort. Both authors are psychologists. Lamont is a former pro magician, fortune-teller, & psychic; Wiseman, an amateur magician. Their research was
funded in 1996-7 by the Institut fr Grenzgebeite der Psychologie und Psychohygiene (Freiburg). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Magic/
Wiseman (1997)
Lan Lu-chow (1680-1733) Lu-chow Kung An [The Cases of Judge Lu-chow]. 1729, two books. iii An English translation of 12 of Judge Lu-chows cases is in Herbert A. Giles, Lan Luchows Criminal Cases in Giless Historic China and Other Sketches (London: Thos. la Rue & Co., 1882), Part II, pp.141-232. LOC: Congress. The original Chinese edition records 24 criminal cases solved by Judge Lan during his brief service as a district magistrate in Kwangtung Province. The English translation gives only half of these. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Forensics/China/
Lancaster University ii Lancaster Index to Defence & International Security Literature. Lancaster University, England, 2001-present. LOC: www.mpr.co.uk Maintained at Lancaster University. Begun, I infer, in 2001 this is a large British on-line bibliographic database of books, monographs, and articles (120,000 items by 2004) dealing with military and security matters, including much on intelligence and deception. Indexed and cross-referenced. Regularly updated. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Deception/Bibliography/
Lanchester, F[rederick] W[illiam] (1868-1946) iii Aircraft in Warfare: The Dawn of the Fourth Arm. London: Constable and Company, 1916, xviii+222pp. Introductory Preface by Maj. Gen. Sir David Henderson. LOC: Congress; Imperial College (London). Reprinted, New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1917, identical to the above. LOC: Congress. New Edition, Sunnyvale, CA: Lanchester Press, 1995, xxviii+243pp. LOC: Congress. The classic study of attritional warfare. The mathematics demonstrate in the most forceful manner possible what happens in the absence of any deliberately deceptive (or otherwise indirect or asymmetrical) strategy or tactic. Handy summaries are in Moore & Kimball (1951), 63-77; and Dupuy (1985), 148-150. See also Wildhorn (1962), Ellis (1990), and Biddle (2004). Initially published in 1914 as a series of articles in Engineering, which may help explain why the British would publish such a potent book of military secrets during wartime.
A biography of this extraordinary English engineer is Peter Kingsford, F. W. Lanchester (London: Arnold, 1960). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Military/Statistics/ CLASSES: 600/
Landesman, Peter (1964- ) ii A Crisis of Fakes: The Getty Forgeries, New York Times Magazine, 18 Mar 2001. LOC: BW (copy). An early expos (worse was to come) of the questionable practices at the Getty Center museum in Hollywood. Landesman is a novelist and freelance reporter. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Archaeology/
Lane, Brian iii The Encyclopedia of Forensic Science. London: BCA, 1992, ix+415pp. LOC: BW3; Oxford. A surprisingly accurate & comprehensive yet concise & readable introductory encyclopedia. The lack of bibliography is its only serious weakness. Otherwise one of the better of its kind. See also Conklin (2002) and James & Nordby (2005). Lane was a British freelance true-crime writer. FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/
Langbein, John H. ii The Origins of Adversary Criminal Trial. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, xxii+354pp. LOC: Chapman U; Oxford. A history of the slow development since the late 1600s of the adversary (that is, trial defence attorney) system. Langbein, an American and a Harvard Law School graduate with a 1971 PhD from Cambridge, has been Sterling Professor of Law and Legal History at Yale Law School since 1989. REV: Received stellar reviews by legal scholars as, for example, H. T. Dickinson in the Times Literary Supplement (6 Jun 2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/Law/
Langer, Walter C. (1899-1981) iii The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report. New York: Basic Books, 1972, 269pp. This was the first psycho-biography or psychological profile designed for current intelligence purposes. It had appeared late in World War II (1943-44) when American private psychoanalyst Walter C. Langer made a remote analysis of Hitler. Id assumed this 135-page typescript had been commissioned by his famous historian brother, William L. Langer, then chief of the OSSs Research & Analysis Branch. But no, it was commissioned personally by OSS Director Wild Bill Donovan. The study was designed to help OSS intelligence analysts predict Germanys strategic plans and actions. Except for a few minor biographical errors, understandable given his then available sources, Dr.
Langer correctly predicted four key points: Hitlers increasing isolation, increasingly frequent rages, general mental deterioration, and eventual suicide. Declassified from SECRET in 1968. Dr. Langer was a Vienna-trained lay psychoanalyst who practiced in New York City. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 110. FIELDS: 3-Star/Profiling/Biography/
Langley, Pat, Herbert A. Simon, Gary I. Bradshaw, Jan M. Zytkow ii Scientific Discovery: Computational Explorations of the Creative Processes. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1987, 357pp. Artificial intelligenceattempts to simulate human information processing. See also Turing (1950), Boden (1990), De Groot & Gobet (1995), and Perkins (2000). Dr. Patrick W. Langley (1980 Carnegie Mellon PhD in Cognitive Psychology) was a computer scientist at UC Irvine. He is considered one of the co-founders of machine learning. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Computers/Creativity/
Simon (1986)
[Lanham, Capt. C. T. (1902-1978) (editor)] ii Infantry in Battle. 2nd edition, Washington, DC: The Infantry Journal, Inc., 1939, viii+422pp. Introduction by Col. George C. Marshall. Facsimile reprint 1993. LOC: Congress; NPS (1993 reprint); http://cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil. A leading US Army textbook, prepared for the Infantry School at Fort Benning. See particularly Chapter VIII (Surprise, pp.107-121) for some rare case studies of US Army small-unit tactical surprise operations in WW I. It gives an interesting mix of strong & weak points: WEAK: The leader who frantically strives to remember what someone else did in some slightly similar situation has already set his feet on a well-traveled road to ruin. (Ch.1) This maxim tends to undermine the books key point that there is no easy substitute for experience, both ones own or that of others. STRONG: Surprise is the mastery key to victory. Surprise is usually decisive; therefore, much may be sacrificed to achieve it. It should be striven for by all units, regardless of size, and in all engagements, regardless of importance. When the squad opens fire it should do so suddenly and simultaneously. When an army attacks it should strike from an unexpected direction, at an unexpected time, with unexpected violence. (Ch.8) STRONG: The importance of varying methods cannot be overemphasized. Often the good, standard solution, particularly if it be the obvious one, will not be as effective as some other solution that has many apparent disadvantages, but has the transcending quality of the unexpected. Tactical surprise is usually the reward of the daring, the imaginative, and the ingenious. It will rarely be gained by recourse to the obvious. (Ch.8) This is a substantial rewrite by Capt. C. T. Lanham of the 1934 first edition, whose editor had been Major Edwin F. Harding.
Col. Charles T. Buck Lanham (West Point, 1924) became a close friend of Hemingway in 1944 when they met in France. He was Hemingways overly admired model for Col. Richard Cantwell in Across the River and Into the Trees (1950). The much-decorated Maj. Gen. Lanham retired in 1954 and began a second career in private industry, initially with Colt and then with Xerox until final retirement in 1970. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Military/
Lapatin, Kenneth iii Mysteries of the Snake Goddess: Art, Desire, and the Forging of History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002, x+274pp. LOC: Cabrillo College. On the forgery of Minoan art and culture inspired by the exaggerated theories of Sir Arthur Evans, the Schliemann-come-lately self-puffed discoverer in 1900 of Minoan civilization at Knossos, Crete. The Snake Goddess is the world-famous 6-inch figure in ivory & gold purchased by the Boston Museum of Art in 1914 without provenance other than Evans say-so. See also Butcher & Gill (1993). Lapatin is an American scholar of Greek art and archaeology, now (2004) working as a curator at the Getty. FIELDS: 3-Star/Sculpture/Archaeology/Greece
Laqueur, Walter (1921- ) iii A World of Secrets: The Uses and Limits of Intelligence. New York: Basic Books, Inc, 1985, xii+404pp. LOC: NPS. Thoughtful study of political and military intelligence. Concludes that intelligence analysis is an art and can never become a science. Argues that the solution to more accurate analyses is higher quality analysts and not just more information. An interesting section on Deception is on pp. 286-291. Dr. Laqueur is a world-renowned political historian. A German Jew, he immigrated to Palestine in 1938. Thence to London where he was Director of the Institute of Contemporary 1964-91. Also at the Center for Strategic & International Studies in Washington, DC, since 1971. REV: Robert Jervis in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1996), 143-150. A hatchet job, although a useful corrective in some details such as his detailed critique of Laqueurs take on mirror-imaging. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/INTEL/
Larson, Charles M[artin] iiii Numismatic Forgeries: An illustrated, annotated guide to the practical principles, methods, and techniques employed in the private manufacture of rare coins. Irvine, CA: Zyrus Press, 2004, xv+197pp. LOC: BW; American Numismatic Association (1995 manuscript). A cookbook of how to counterfeit coins. Original manuscript in 295 pages was dated
1995. Publication of this work has infuriated many coin collectors who believed such secrets should not be let out. Chuck Larson is a well-known American numismatist. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Coins/
Larson, Charles P. (1910- ) SEE: McCallum (1978) Larson, John A. (1892-1983), with George W. Haney (1899- ) and Leonarde Keeler (ca.1904-1949) iii Lying and Its Detection: A Study of Deception and Deception Tests. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1932, xxii+453pp. Introduction by August Vollmer. Facsimile reprint 1969. LOC: FBI Academy; UC-Berkeley; U of North Alabama; George Mason U; Syracuse U (1969 reprint); Oxford; LSE. A comprehensive study by the forensic polygraphs co-inventors leading to the improvement and standardization since 1921 of Marstons monographic blood-pressure type of "lie detector" device. Larson was a sufficiently good scientist to always remain healthily skeptical of all such devices. Indeed, he later completely repudiated the polygraph after he became a full-time forensic psychiatrist, ending his career as superintendent of the Indiana State Mental Hospital in Logansport. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Lash, Kenneth (1918-1985) ii A Theory of the Comic as Insight, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol.45, No.5 (26 Feb 1948), 113-121. LOC: BW (copy). Makes the point that You can tell a man by the things he laughs at, for in his laughter is reflected the mental company he keeps. Following DeWitt H. Parker, Lash stresses the twin-functions aspect of humor: (1) to unmask the discrepancies between pretenses and actualities, between social norms and human practice; and (2) to sharpen our insightful perception of reality by caricaturing it. Originally delivered as a paper in 1946. Lash was then a philosopher at the University of New Mexico. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Lashmar, Paul ii Spy Flights of the Cold War. Stroud, Eng.: Sutton Publishing, 1996, vi+244pp. LOC: NPS. A superior account of post-WW II photo intelligence. See also Nesbit (1999), Stanley (1998) and Day & Logsdon (1998). Lashmar was a former British journalist (The Observer) and producer of BBCTVs Spies in the Sky documentary.
REV: Stephen Twigge in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.14, No.2 (Summer 1999), 212-214. Enthusiastic. FIELDS: 2-Star/ELINT/
Lasswell, Harold D. (1902-1978) ii Propaganda Technique in the World War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1930, 233pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley The first systematic study of propaganda analysis. This was Lasswells doctoral dissertation. Dr. Lasswell (1926 Chicago PhD in Political Science) was a pioneer in political psychology, propaganda, and communication theory. He taught both political science (at Chicago, Columbia, and Yale) and law (at Yale and John Jay College). An authentic and precocious genius, 16-year-old Harold received a scholarship to the prestigious University of Chicago and spent his life breaking through and across academic disciplines. FIELDS: 2-Star/PSYOPS/
iii Psychopathology and Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1930, ix+285pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Oxford. New edition with afterthoughts by the author, New York: The Viking Press, 1960, v+319pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; MIT; NPS. The first book to apply psychology, particularly Freudian theories, to political analysis, particularly Freudian analysis Lasswell had been psychoanalyzed in 1928-29 in Berlin by no less than Theodor Reik. See also Jervis (1976), Heuer (1981 & 1982), Pfalzgraff & Sawicki (2002), and Linden (2005). FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychotherapy/
iii "The Structure and Function of Communication in Society," in Lyman Bryson (editor), The Communication of Ideas (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948), 37-51. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Includes Professor Lasswells earliest statement (p.37) of the so-called Lasswellian Paradigm: Who Says What In Which Channel To Whom With What Effect. Professor Lasswell freely admitted to me that this was simply his adaptation of the familiar journalistic Five Ws mnemonic of Who, What, Where, When, Why. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: A&P/ 3-Star/Communications/ CLASSES: 600/
Pool (1969)
Latimer, Jon (1964- ) iiii Deception in War. Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2001, xxiv+356pp. LOC: NPS; Air U; Marine Corps U; FBI Academy. The best general introductory historical and topical survey from antiquity to the present. A good mix of history, theory & practice, and strategic & tactical methods. Welldocumented. Latimer, a British military historian, had served in the British Army in the 1980s and 90s, including some assignments in intelligence and psyops. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Deception/
Latta, Robert L. (1945- ) ii The Basic Humor Process: A Cognitive-Shift Theory and the Case against Incongruity. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999, xii+257pp. LOC: Pacific University (Oregon); British L. A highly original but tiresome theory of humor. Contrary to its sub-title, based on physiological reactions rather than thought processes. While I suspect it is true although trivial, I dont see that it contradicts the Incongruity Theory. Dr. Latta is evidently unaware of the essential contributions of Locke, Leacock, and particularly R. V. Jones. Latta took his PhD in philosophy from Washington U in St. Louis. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor
Laufer, Berthold (1874-1934) ii "History of the Finger-print System," Annual Report (1912) of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1913), 631-652. Reprinted in The Print, Vol.16, No.2 (Mar/Apr 2000), 1-13. LOC: BW (copy); www.scafo.org. Laufer, a distinguished sinologist and orientalist (a hero of my youth), gives the earliest and still best survey account of the invention in medieval China of fingerprinting and its likely diffusion to India and hence the modern West. The Chinese used this invention only for person identification on contractual documents and not, as in the West, for identifying criminals. A fine, nearly definitive scholarly piece that all later writers on the subject have either overlooked or greatly underplayed. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 2-Star/Fingerprints/ID/
iii Concerning the History of Finger-Prints, Science, New Series, Vol.45, No.1169 (25 May 1917), 504-505. LOC: BW (copy). A refutation of Sir William Herschels claim to priority in the invention of fingerprinting for ID purposes. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fingerprints/
Laurie, A[rthur] P[illans] (1861-1949) iii The Pigments and Mediums of the Old Masters: With a Special Chapter on Microphotographic Study of Brushwork. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1914, xiv+192 with 34 plates. LOC: Getty; Sweet Briar College; Warburg. The pioneering laboratory study of art paintings as a means of authenticating them. Dr. Laurie was a British chemistry professor who specialized in the authentication of old master paintings. He pioneered since 1910 in the chemical analysis of pigments and media (tempera or oil) and the microphotographic analysis of brushstrokes as characteristic of particular painters. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Painting/
ii The Brush-work of Rembrandt and His School. London: Oxford University Press, 1932, xviii+43pp with 127 plates. LOC: Getty; Sweet Briar College; Warburg. Continues his earlier research, Laurie (1914), which demonstrated that a specific brushstroke technique can be a strong clue toward authentication of paintings. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/Biography/
i New Light on Old Masters. London: The Sheldon Press, 1935, 163pp. Summarizes the authors pioneering systematic studies of techniques of creation and natural aging of old paintings as guides to the detection of forgery. FIELDS: 1-Star/Painting/
Lavay, Jerome B. (1860- ) Disputed Handwriting: An Exhaustive, Valuable, and Comprehensive Work upon One of the Most Important Subjects of To-day. With Illustrations and Expositions for the Detection and Study of Forgery by Handwriting of All Kinds. Chicago: Harvard Book Company, 1909, 304pp. Outdated detail, few sources, and no theory. Now only a footnote to the history of questioned writing. Intended mainly for banks and other businesses. But this book and Frazer (1901) represented the state of the art until Osborn published his definitive book in 1910. Osborn (1929), 700, pointed out that Lavays book is a bold plagiarism based on several books and articles that belie his outrageous claim to originality. FIELDS: 0-Star/Documents/Plagiarism/
Lawrence, T. E. (1888-1935) iiii The Evolution of A Revolt, Army Quarterly, Vol.1 (Oct 1920), 55-69. LOC: BW3 (copy); Internet. Landmark paper in which Lawrence of Arabia presents the first theory of what he calls irregular war, namely asymmetrical combat between regular military units and irregulars. Based on his closely involved experience with the Arab Revolt against the Turkish Army occupiers in the Arabian Peninsula from its inception in June 1916 until victory in 1918. Drawn from the two draft chapters on military strategy in Lawrences Seven Pillars of Wisdom, which wasnt published until 1922.
Lawrence, an Englishman, had graduated Oxford in 1910 with a degree in History and a deep interest in archaeology. He served in Military Intelligence during World War Two, during which he rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Afterwards he championed Arab rule in the Near East. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training 4-Star/Asymmetry/Arabia/ CLASSES: 600/601/
Leacock, Stephen (1869-1944) iii American Humour, in the authors Essays and Literary Studies (London: John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1916), 79-111. LOC: http://gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca/gaslight/amerhumr.htm The Canadian political economist (PhD, 1903) and humorist (as published since 1910) gives us the earliest statement of his Incongruity Theory of comedy and tragedy. Of all discussions by philosophers, psychologists, and other scholars, this essay of Leacocks was the first to give this theory a concise and clear yet full exposition. He states it as a general theory (pp.89-94) that he then applies specifically to American humor writers. A worthy biography is Lynch (1988). FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
iiii Humour: Its Theory & Technique with Examples and Samples: A Book of Discovery. London: John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1935, 287pp. LOC: U of Colorado. Retitled Humor: Its Theory and Technique. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1935, 268pp. LOC: Congress. Repeats his above Incongruity Theory of humor (and tragedy) but in greater detail. Adds his analysis of humors historical development from visual through painted and verbal to written comedy, cross-cultural differences, and (as he had already done in the above essay) levels from the ridiculous to the sublime. The very absence of such usual scholarly trappings as footnotes, bibliography, and indexand the realization that they arent neededproves that this is a profoundly original work. It explains much more of the evidence than Sully (1902), Freud (1905), Greig (1923), Koestler (1949 & 1964), Arieti (1950 & 1976), Rapp (1951), Swabey (1961), and Goldstein & McGhee (1972), and is funnier than Steve Allen (1987 & 1993). See also Eysenck (1942). FIELDS: 4-Star/Humor/Cultures/Incongruity/
ii Humour and Humanity: An Introduction to the Study of Humour. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1937, 254pp; New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1938, 254pp. LOC: Southeastern Oklahoma State U. Same ideas and similar examples as in the previous book but neither as pithy nor punchy. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Leape, Lucian L., MD ii "Error in Medicine," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.272, No.23 (21 Dec 1994), 1851-1857. Includes a rare admission of the very high frequency of faulty medical diagnosis and
repeats the unfavorable comparison with the aviation industry as a much more effective system for preventing fatal errors. FIELDS: 2-Star/Medicine/
Le Carr, John [pen name of David Cornwell] (1931- ) iii The Looking-Glass War. London: Heinemann, 1965, 245pp. A novel of espionage. An antiquated section of WW II British Intelligence [S.O.E.] launches a desperate operation into East Germany. George Smiley of the Circus [S.I.S.] appears to sort out the inevitable mess. Greatly admired by former CIA Director Allen Dulles who wrote that, its jumble of unusual personalities, their speech and behavior, their daily business, and even the awful scheme which carries them in their enthusiasm far from realityall ring true. REV: Allen Dulles, Great Spy Stories from Fiction (1969), 347-348. Former CIA officer John Stockwell once urged that this novel be made required reading for all student case officers. He was reprimanded for this recommendation by the senior instructor at the CIAs Farm. Evidently its premise of a pointless, purely bureaucratically motivated operation was too painfully realistic a model for some American pros to acknowledge, even as a cautionary tale. Under his birth-name of David Cornwell, Le Carr served briefly at the end of the 1940s in the British Army Intelligence Corps, posted in Vienna. Then, after study at Oxford (where he took a First in Modern Languages) and a teaching stint at Eton, joined the Foreign Office in 1959. Then, 1961-64, while under F.O. cover as Second Secretary, assigned to Bonn and Hamburg with the Security Service (MI.5), later transferring to Secret Intelligence Service (M.I.6). Writing as John Le Carr he began publishing spy novels in 1961. The enormous commercial and critical success of his third novel, The Spy Who Came in From the Cold, enabled him to resign in 1964 from the service (secret and otherwise) and become a full-time writer. Until 2000, for honorable reasons of security, Cornwell had flatly denied the rumors of his associations with MI.5 and MI.6. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/
iii Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy. New York: Knopf, [17 Jun] 1974, 355pp. NOTE: This is the true first edition, preceding the British edition by a month. Another fine novel of espionage. George Smiley is plucked from retirement to track a longtime Soviet penetration agent (mole) inside the Circus [MI.6]. Time is short because Smiley is himself suspect. A roman clef inspired by the Kim Philby case (which included Philbys specific betrayal of Cornwell/Le Carr). A keenly wrought storyclear, clean plot about deviousness. In my opinion, Le Carrs best and most nearly authentic tale. Indeed, in one sense it is more than authentic, as it was in this book that Le Carr coined the word mole in its modern sense as a penetration agent, a term that was quickly adopted as jargon by professional intelligencers as well as the general public. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/
Lee, Bruce ii Marching Orders: The Untold Story of World War II. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc.,1995, xiv+608pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford The misinforming title should read MAGIC: The Role of American Codebreaking in the European Theater during World War Two. REV: M. R. D. Foot in Times Literary Supplement (3 Nov 1995). FIELDS: 2-Star/Cryptology/
Lee, Clarence D. (1878- ) ii The Instrumental Detection of Deception: The Lie Test. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1953, xv+249pp. Introduction by August Vollmer. Given its appearance in a semi-official police publication, this is a refreshingly frank expos of the deceptive psychological techniques that enable the polygraph lie detector to work. Lee had been an office secretary in a San Francisco business when in 1906 Vollmer brought him into the Berkeley Police Department to set up its systematic filing system. Lee was retired as Captain of Detectives from the elite Berkeley PD. See also Clifton (1991). FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Lee, Henry C. (1938- ), and R[obert] E. Gaensslen (editors) i Advances in Fingerprint Technology. Second Edition, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001, xii+444pp. LOC: San Joaquin Delta College (Stockton). Ten essays of varying quality by 13 experts. I was disappointed to find no mention of Ashbaugh, Locard, poroscopy, or forged fingerprints. The 1st edition had been published in 1991. Dr. Baden (2001, p.123) says of Dr. Lee that, This is the man who solves crimes better than anyone else ever has. Born in mainland China Lee was raised in Taiwan where he quickly rose to become a Police Captain. Then became a reporter for a Chinese newspaper in Malaysia. Immigrating in 1965 to the USA, he took his PhD in biochemistry from New York University in 1975. Thence to Connecticut where he became chief of the states Police Forensic Science Laboratory. Featured in the 2004 TV forensic series Trace Evidence. I suspect his kudos are exaggerated. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fingerprints/
________, with Thomas W. ONeil i Cracking Cases: the science of solving crimes. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2002, 316pp. Foreword by Judge Charles D. Gill. Dr. Lee illustrates the forensic investigative process through five case studies. ONeil is a journalist. Lees More Cracking Cases appeared in 2004. REV: Dr. Gyam Fernando in Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.6, No.1 (Jan-Jun 2005). FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
________, and Frank Tirnady ii Blood Evidence: How DNA is Revolutionizing the Way We Solve Crimes. Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus Publishing, 2003, xxx+418pp. LOC: Salinas PL. Famous criminologist Dr. Lee surveys the subject in this introductory text written with the help of a freelance writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/DNA/
Lee, Martin A. (1954- ), and Norman Solomon (1951- ) i Unreliable Sources: A Guide to Detecting Bias in News Media. New York: Lyle Stuart/Carol Publishing Group, 1990, 419pp. Foreword by Edward Asner. LOC: BW. The authors, both American liberal-left investigative journalists, catalog the too frequently biased reporting by American news media. However, by failing to give the promised guidelines for detecting this bias, their book comes across as a mere personal whine. FIELDS: 1-Star/Media/
Lee, Ruth Webb (1894- ) ii Antique Fakes & Reproductions. Enlarged and Revised edition, Northborough, MA: Ruth Webb Lee, 1950, 317pp, 166 plates. LOC: Getty; Toronto. Mainly on antique glassware, which was Webbs specialty, but includes American silverware, ceramics, mechanical banks, and ironwork. Emphasizes discrepancies in design and style. The 1st edition appeared in 1938. See also Peterson (1975) and Yates (1950). FIELDS: 2-Star/Antiques/
Leff, Arthur Allen (1935-1981) iii Swindling and Selling. New York: The Free Press, 1976, viii+194pp. Examines the close analogy and many common practices between outright illegal con games and legal sales ploys such as clearance sales, fire sales, introductory offers, and one-day specials. In doing so Leff skillfully combines relevant theory from economics with Goffmanian sociology. The author was a law professor at Yale. See also Gibson (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Maurer (1955), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Carey & Sherman (1976), Nash (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), Abagnale (2000), and Marlock (2001). FIELDS: 3-Star/Con/
Legman, G[ershon] (1917-1999) ii Rationale of the Dirty Joke: An Analysis of Sexual Humor. First Series. New York: Grove Press, Inc., 1968, 811pp. LOC: BW. i Second Series. New York: Breaking Point, Inc., 1975, 992pp. LOC: BW. An analysis of humor, specifically the dirty joke, according to folkloristic, historical, and psychoanalytic models. See particularly the two introductions, which push Freuds partly valid but too narrowly conceived Hostility Theory of Humor, that purest form of passiveaggressive behavior by both tellers and listeners who use words to hurt. The author was a folklorist and writer-editor on erotica and psychoanalysis since 1935. Bibliographer for the Kinsey Library, Institute for Sex Research operated by Kinsey, whom Legman judged a scientific fraud for manipulating his statistics to support his private sexual agenda. Legman was an amateur magician in the 1940s-50s when as "John Thursday" he wrote several booklets on magic, including Card Tricks (1945). Moved to France in 1953 to protest U.S. Post Office censorship. Expert on origami, the Japanese art of paper-folding, which he popularized in the West in 1955. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Folklore/
Lehmann, Joseph H. (1921- ) ii All Sir Garnet: A Life of Field-Marshal Lord Wolseley. London: Jonathan Cape, 1964, 414pp. LOC: NPS. Good bio of the stratagemic English soldier, Garnet Wolseley (1833-1913), whose deceptive skills were shown at their best at the Battle of Tel-el-Kebr (1882). FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/Military/
LeHockey, John D. iii Strategic and Operational Deception: U.S. Marines and the Next Twenty Years. Washington, DC: Headquarters United States Marine Corps, Department of the Navy: May 1989, xi+309pp. Published in series FMFRP 15-6. LOC: NPS; Naval War College; Marine Corps U. A commendable and largely successful effort to survey the literature on military deception. Major (USMC) LeHockey, an artilleryman, wrote this book while serving as a Marine Corps Fellow at Ohio State Universitys Mershon Center. He held a BA in Mass Communications from Arizona State U and an MA in business education from BaldwinWallace College. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Military/
iii Are We Deceiving Anyone?, U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol.115, No.9 (Sep 1989), 53-56. LOC: NPS. A strong advocacy. Based mainly on Whaley (1969) and Sherwin & Whaley (1983) with passing material from Wohlstetter (1962), Handel (1982), and others. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Military/
ii Silence: Golden for Us Deadly for Them, U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol.115, No.11 (Nov 1989), 73-77. LOC: BW (copy); NPS. Advocates secrecy & deception in amphibious operations. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Military/
Leiter, Kelly, [and] Julian Harriss (1914-1989), Stanley Johnson (1892-1946) iii The Complete Reporter: Fundamentals of News Gathering, Writing, and Editing. Seventh Edition, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2000, xiv+562pp. LOC: Monterey PL. A standard basic textbook required or recommended in some 200 colleges and universities for students of newspaper journalism. Ill let this one book represent the dozens of similar modern texts for general media reporters & editors. Well-organized and clearly written, it distills much of the time-tested journalistic methods of information collection, analysis, writing, and distribution as it moves up through the layers of gatekeepers to the audience. Weakened by its omission of any history of how these methods have evolved. The first edition (by Johnson & Harriss) had appeared in 1942. See also MacDougall (1932). While modern journalists, print and otherwise, all too often fall below or even trample on their own long-honed and high standards, I believe they have more to teach those of us in political-military intelligence analysis than we them. Dr. B. Kelly Leiter, a former professional journalist, had been on the University of Tennessee faculty from 1966 until retiring as Professor Emeritus. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/Media/Gatekeepers/
Leites, Nathan (1912-1987) ii A Study of Bolshevism. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1953, 639pp. See Chapter XIII (Deception), pp.324-340, for the Marxist-Leninist view of deception. See also Conquest (1987). Dr. Leites (PhD in, I presume, political science), a former student of Harold Lasswell at Chicago, had been a Soviet expert at The RAND Corporation since 1947. FIELDS: 2-Star/Russia/Deception/
ii Soviet Style in War. Revised Edition, Santa Monica: RAND, 1992, xiii+384pp. Foreword to the Revised Edition by Andrew W. Marshall. Foreword by Peter H. Vigor. Prepared for the Director of Net Assessment. LOC: Sonoma State U. Importantly emphasizes the Soviet stress on the element of surprise in politics and war. This is a significantly revised edition of the original Apr 1982 edition, which was itself an enlarged version of the 1981 draft. The main revision is that Leites then saw a shift in Soviet sources toward somewhat greater stress on defense and away from the former almost complete stress on offense. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Russia/Surprise/
Pye & Leites (1970)

Lemke, Bob (ca.1951- ), and Sally Grace (editors) ii Sportscard Counterfeit Detector. 3rd edition, Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications, Inc., 1994, 272pp. The standard guide to counterfeit baseball, hockey, and other sportscards. Substantially enlarged from the 152-page 1st edition published in 1992 by Robert F. Bob Lemke as sole editor. Although there were over 25,000 sportscard dealers in the early 1990s, Lemke reported in 2001 that he had discontinued issuing it because of lack of demand, updates appearing in new editions of Krauses general Standard Catalog of Baseball Cards. FIELDS: 2-Star/Collectables/
Lenz, William E. iii Fast Talk & Flush Times: The Confidence Man as a Literary Convention. Columbia, Miss.: University of Missouri Press, 1985, xv+237pp. LOC: U of La Verne (Calif.); National Library of Australia. On tricksters in American literature of the 19th Century. See also Wadlington (1975). Lenz was an Assistant Professor of English at Chatham College in Pittsburgh. FIELDS: 3-Star/Con/
Leo VI (886-912) Tactica. Around 910 AD. ii English translation as Stratagems in Krentz & Wheeler (1994). Vol.2, pp.1005-1073. An anonymous revision made around 910 AD of Maurices Strategikon (ca.900 AD) and released under the name of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI. This edition added material on the Turks, specifically the Magyars. Its 27 chapters give a total of 118 stratagems. REV: Sheldon (2003), 155. 2-Star/Deception/Byzantium/
FIELDS:
Leonhardt, David iii Adding Art to the Rigor of Statistical Science, New York Times (21 Apr 2001). LOC: BW (copy); Internet. The most balanced simple introduction to Bayesian statistical analysis. Sketches both types of problems for which it can help and those it cant. Other Bayesian articles are Gigerenzer & Hoffrage (1985), Earman (1992), and Taroni (1999). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Statistics/Bayes/
Lerner, K. Lee, and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner (editors) i Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 2004, 3 volumes. LOC: NPS. Best of a generally bad lot of encyclopedias. At least it draws on a large panel of experts
and includes modestly good supplementary sources on each of the main topics. Avoid Bennett (2002), Carlisle (2003 & 2004), and Polmar & Allen (2004). FIELDS: 1-Star/HUMINT/Bayes/
Levchenko, Stanislav (1941- ) ii On the Wrong Side: My Life in the KGB. Washington, D.C.: Pergamon-Brassey's, 1988, xi+244pp. Major Levchenko was a KGB officer who specialized on Japan from 1971 until his defection to the USA in 1979 . One of the better books of this usually dreary and bankrupt type. Particularly good on tradecraft. His passing discussion of an instance of counter-surveillance (p. 86) inspired my notion of "Cognitive Triangulation". FIELDS: 2-Star/Espionage/Biography/Japan/
Levinson, Jay ii Questioned Documents: A Lawyers Handbook. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001, xiii+217pp. LOC: Chapman Law Library. Although aimed at trial lawyers, useful as a general introduction to the subject. Dr. Levinson (New York University PhD in Near Eastern languages) entered the field of questioned documents in the CIA, 1972-1981. After immigrating to Israel in 1981 he has worked in that capacity for the Israel Police. REV: Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vo.2, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2001). Highly favorable. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/Law/
Levite, Ariel ii Intelligence and Strategic Surprises. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987, xiii+220pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. A convenient grab-bag summary of work on the subject by S. Kent, R. Wohlstetter, K. Knorr, B. Whaley, R. Jervis, A. George, R. Betts, M. Handel, R. Heuer, and others. This could have been a stunning analysis had it preceded or even immediately followed Wohlstetters magnificent Pearl Harbor case study (1962). But Levite wrote two decades too late; so, contrary to his repeated claim, he adds nothing new to our understanding of the nature of surprise much less our ability to detect and assess its likelihood. I might have been flattered that Dr. Levites major conclusions echoed mine in Stratagem (1969) and Codeword BARBAROSSA (1973) except that he based his on a smaller data base (15 case studies to my 168). I will presume he chose to avoid my works, although they are referenced in his bloated and undigested bibliography. This book seems an ideal case of what Prof. Sorokin (1956) rightly deplored as scholarly amnesia and the discoverers complex. Dr. Levite, then in strategic studies at Tel-Aviv University, later moved to senior policy positions in the Israeli Ministry of Defense, Prime Ministers Office, and the Israel Atomic Energy Commission.
REV: Uri Bar-Joseph in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.3, No.4 (1988), 134-155. REV: James Wirtz in Survival, Vol.30, No.5 (Sep/Oct 1988), 478-479. REV: Richard Betts in International Studies Quarterly, Vol.33 (1989), 329, 354-355. Highly critical. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/INTEL/
Lewin, Kurt (1890-1947) i Forces Behind Food Habits and Methods of Change, Bulletin of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, No.108 (1943), 35-65. Merits inclusion in this bibliography because in it author Lewin coins the term gate keeper (p.37) or alternatively gatekeeper (p.40) to indicate the person who controls the passage of food in its many supply channels from harvesting to the table. The founder of modern social psychology, Lewin (1916 PhD from Berlin University) was a German psychologist who had immigrated to the USA in 1932. FIELDS: 1-Star/Gatekeepers/Diffusion/
ii Frontiers in Group Dynamics: II. Channels of Group Life, Human Relations, Vol.1, No.2 (1947), 143-153. LOC: BW (copy). As an outgrowth of his pioneering research on group dynamics, Dr. Lewin reintroduces (pp.145-147) his concept of gate keepers in human groups. Although Lewin specifically applied this term narrowly to food habits and discrimination against minorities, his student. David Manning White (1950), would soon extend this term to media editors and thence generalized by the rest of us to all forms of human communication. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Channels/Gatekeepers/ White (1950)
Lewis, Alfred Allan, with Herbert Leon MacDonell, i The Evidence Never Lies: The Casebook of a Modern Sherlock Holmes. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1984, xiii+258pp. Biography of famous forensic scientist MacDonell. A very weak effort that only makes me skeptical of his reputation. Blood-spatter analysis, his specialty, is science only to the degree its development grows out of good experimental engineering and its conclusions fit established theories of physics. The authors background in chemistry may not be enough. Originally moonlighting since 1967 from his regular job as a chemist with the Corning Glass Works, MacDonell then set up his own consulting company, the Bloodstain Evidence Institute in Corning, NY. He invented the Magna Brush for lifting fingerprints. He is widely cited as the worlds top expert on blood-splatter analysis, a judgment accepted and vigorously promoted by himself. His academic degree is a 1956 MA in chemistry from the U of Rhode Island. In 2004 his alma mater awarded him an honorary Doctorate of Science. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/Fingerprints/Biography/
Lewis, Dorothy Otnow i Guilty by Reason of Insanity: A Psychiatrist Explores the Minds of Killers. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1998, x+301. On the forensic diagnosis of sanity/insanity. Unimpressive. See also Brussel (1968), Abrahamsen (1983), Athens (1997), and Kirwin (1997). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychotherapy/
Lewis, Michael (1937- ), and Carolyn Saarni (1939- ) (editors) iii Lying and Deception in Everyday Life. New York: The Guilford Press, 1993, 221pp. LOC: BW; FBI Academy; U of Hong Kong. An important collection of 10 original essays contributed by 15 psychologists. The editors, both PhDs, are, respectively, a physiological psychologist and a social worker. FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/
Libicki, Martin C., and Shari Lawrence Pfleeger iii Collecting the Dots: Problem Formulation and Solution Elements. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation, January 2004, xvi+94pp. Published as Occasional Paper OP-103-RC. LOC: http://rand.org/publications/OP/OP103.pdf. The excellent 16-page summary is sufficient to let each reader know whether the full text would meet their needs. Useful specifically for detecting deception as well as intel analysis generally. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL-analysis/Counterdeception/
Liddell Hart, B. H. (1895-1970) iii Great Captains Unveiled. Edinburgh & London: W. Blackwood & Sons Ltd., 1927, 274pp. LOC: Oxford. U.S. edition, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1927, 274pp. LOC: NPS (1990 reprint); Army War College Case studies of the strategic and tactical planning and operations of selected senior military commanders. Surveys the military careers of Wallenstein (1583-1634), Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), Sabutai (ca.1172-1245), Saxe (1696-1750), Gustavus Adolphus (1596-1632), James Wolfe (1727-1750). Captain Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart was one of a handful of original military theorists of the 20th Century. Born in Paris to English Methodist parents, hed just finished his first year at Cambridge when World War One began. Leaving university, never to return, he volunteered for service in the British Army. As an infantry lieutenant he was gassed during the great Battle of the Somme in 1916 and reassigned back to London for the duration. Invalided out of the Army with rank of captain in 1924 he launched his career as a prolific and influential writer on military subjects. Knighted in 1966. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Military/Mongols/Biography/
ii Sherman: Soldier, Realist, American. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, [Nov] 1929, viii+456pp. LOC: NPS; Congress; University College (London). Reprinted New York: Praeger, 1958, 456pp. LOC: Congress. British edition as Sherman: The Genius of the Civil War. London: E. Benn, 1930, 473pp. LOC: Cambridge. On the American Civil War Union commander, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman (18201891) whom Liddell Hart portrays as a strategic genius. A damning critique of this book is Castel (2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/USA/Biography/
iiii The Decisive Wars of History: A Study in Strategy. London: G. Bell & Sons, Ltd., 1929, x+242pp. LOC: Congress; Oxford. Reprinted, Boston: Little, Brown, 1929, x+242pp. LOC: West Point. A classic study of military surprise through deception. This extraordinarily fine book introduced the authors key theory of the Indirect Approach, a theory that has proved controversial and misunderstood from its inception. Indeed the publishers had forced its clich title on the author, who had wanted it to specify Indirect Approach. See Bond (1977), 54-56, etc; Mearsheimer (1988), 5-6; and Gat (2001), 648-823. WHALEY COMMENT: Misdirection sets the scene for deception. If the misdirection is detected, the deception will fail. As applied to military theory I believe this key concept should be credited to Liddell Hart. Admittedly inspired by Sun Tzu, he first proposed his notion of an indirect approach strategy in 1929 in his The Decisive Wars of History and enlarged on it in 1954 in his Strategy: The Indirect Approach. Unfortunately, Liddell Harts critics seized on his somewhat ambiguous word indirection to grossly over-simplify his original insight and dismiss his theory as mere circular reasoning by twisting his argument to be that only successful military operations get labeled indirect. Liddell Harts theory might have fared better had he stressed the words direction & misdirection and deception & surprise and the connections between each pair. Revised as The Strategy of Indirect Approach (London: Faber and Faber, June 1941, xvii+316pp). Reprinted as The Way to Win Wars (London: Faber and Faber, 1942, 256pp). Another new and enlarged edition appeared as The Strategy of Indirect Approach (London: Faber and Faber, 1946, xiv+317pp). These various slightly modified editions would be terminate in the authors following title with its own several minor variations. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Deception/Military/Methodology/ 600/
iiiii Strategy: The Indirect Approach. 3rd revised and further enlarged edition, London: Faber, 1946, 420pp. LOC: Oxford. Reprinted, London: Faber and Faber, 1954, 420pp. LOC: Congress; Stanford. Reprinted, New York: Praeger, 1954, 420pp. LOC: Congress; NPS; Stanford. 4th edition, revised & further enlarged, London: Faber, 1967, 430pp. LOC: Congress; LSE. Reprinted as Strategy, 2nd revised edition, New York: Praeger, 1967, 430pp. LOC: BW; Congress; Pentagon; Army War College; NPS; West Point; Stanford. The classic study of military surprise through deception. It is an enlarged and rewritten version of the author's above work. Still superior in its theory and data to any of the more recent works by other writers. See also Whaley (1969), which only builds more systematically upon Liddell Harts pioneering work, and Gat (2001), 648-823, for a fine appreciation. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ CLASSES: 600/ 5-Star/Deception/Surprise/Military/Asymmetry/
Lieberman, David J., Ph.D. Never be Lied to Again: How to Get the Truth in 5 Minutes or Less in Any Conversation or Situation. New York: St. Martins Press, 1997, xii+204pp. LOC: BW; Monterey PL; Pacific Grove PL. Also in PB and audio tape. An instant marvel of over-hyped fuzz with an exceptionally misleading title and subtitle. Most of Liebermans key pieces of advice on how to detect lies in progress have been thoroughly disproved in laboratory experiments; the rest are unreliable. It took chutzpah for him to acknowledge the inspiration of such genuine pioneers as Ekman, Milgram, and Birdwhistell. The total absence of documentation hides the fatal weaknesses in his assertions. With such a great one-size-fits-all title and an aggressive publisher I wasnt surprised I learned it had made The New York Times best-seller list. The author describes himself as a PhD psychologist specialized in the faddish pseudo-sciences of hypnotherapy and psycholinguistics. Wrote two other self-helpers for St. Martins Press, titled Instant Analysis (1997) and Get Anyone to Do Anything (2000). Shame on his (and once my) publisher. Proclaims himself the creator of Neuro-Dynamic Analysis which he plugs as a revolutionary short-term therapy. How short? If the 5 Minutes or Less promised in his books subtitle, this kid has a real money maker. FIELDS: 0-Star/Interrogation/
Liebow, Ely iii Dr. Joe Bell: Model for Sherlock Holmes. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1982, xv+269pp. LOC: BW; Stockton-San Joaquin County L. The only book-length biography of the remarkable Joseph Bell (1837-1911), the then famous and innovative Scots surgeon, the first documented physician to practice retroductive (abductive) inference to such a degree that it seemed almost supernatural to his contemporaries. Today he is more widely remembered as the physical and intellectual inspiration for his medical student, Arthur Conan Doyle, when the latter began to write detective stories.
Prof. Liebow, a University of Chicago MA in English, taught English and Yiddish literature and detective fiction at Northeastern Illinois University. See also Doyle (1924), Gunn (1935), Baring-Gould (1967), and Hall (1977). And for those who might enjoy a fictional romp where Doyle plays Watson to Joe Bells Holmes there is the clever series of novels by David Pirie. FIELDS: 3-Star/Medicine/Logic/Biography/
Lilyquist, Christine iii The Tomb of the Three Foreign Wives of Tuthmosis III. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003, xv+394pp. LOC: U of Missouri. Fine modern scientific detection effort to separate the real objects stolen from their 16th Century BC tomb in 1916 by tomb robbers from the many fakes that have since been marketed. For the known forgeries see particularly pp.270-278, 282-284. See also Wakeling (1912). Dr. Lilyquist is a distinguished Egyptologist at New Yorks Metropolitan Museum of Art. FIELDS: 3-Star/Archaeology/Egypt/
Linden, Dana Wechsler iii Is Alfred Marshall Passe? How a Young Harvard economist is challenging the traditionalists in his field, Forbes (17 Oct 2005). LOC: BW (copy); Internet. On Sendhil Mullainathan, a pioneer in behavioral economics, which by blending economics with sociology and psychology shifts the conventional belief of economists that consumers tend to act rationally to a more irrational model. See Jervis (1976), Heuer (1981 & 1982), Mullainthan (2004). FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/Economics/Biography/ Mullainathan & Shleifer (2004)
Lindey, Alexander (1896-1981) ii Plagiarism and Originality. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1952, 366pp. Reprinted 1974. Early standard work on plagiarism. Still influential. For more recent studies see Mallon (1989) and Harris (2001). Lindey, born in Budapest and raised in New York City, was a prominent New York lawyer specialized in entertainment and contract law. FIELDS: 2-Star/Plagiarism/
Lindgren, David T. iii Trust but Verify: Imagery Analysis in the Cold War. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2000, xiii+222pp. LOC: NPS; Air U. How analyzed data from overhead imagery influenced U.S. policy. As the quality and reliability of the imagery dramatically increased after the introduction of the U-2 flights in
the mid-1950s, so did the trust placed in the imagery interpreters findings. And this trust was generally justified given the high accuracy of these findings. Prof. Lindgren, a Boston University product, was a 30-year faculty member of Dartmouths geography department and consultant to CIA and NASA, specialized in remote viewing technologies, particularly as focused on the Soviet Union. REV: Jeffrey Richelson in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol.57, No.1 (Jan/Feb 2001). REV: Group Captain G. Oxlee in RUSI Journal, Vol.146, No.1 (Feb 2001), 67-68. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.48, No.1 (2004). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/IMINT/
Lindskoog, Kathryn (1934- ) iii Fakes, Frauds & Other Malarky: 301 Amazing Stories & How Not to be Fooled. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1993, 288pp. LOC: BW. A popular but wise and witty survey, easily second best only to Stein (1993) among its type, which includes McDougal (1940), Newnham (1991), Time-Life (1991); Sifakis (1993), and Boese (2002). As a Machiavellian writer, Lindskoog personally operated a particularly fine literary hoax in 1992 against a gullible British editor who had attempted to discredit her, thereby showing that women can design and carry out practical jokes of the highest R. V. Jones-level quality. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fraud/
ii Sleuthing C. S. Lewis: More Light in the Shadowlands. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 2001, xvi+416pp. The latest word on the literary and biographical frauds perpetrated in the name of deceased British writer C. S. Lewis. Expands on Lindskoogs earlier The C. S. Lewis Hoax (1988). See also Stein (1993), 218-219. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/
Linebarger, Paul M. A. (1913-1966) iii Psychological Warfare. 2nd Edition, Washington, DC: Combat Forces Press, 1954, xv+318pp. LOC: Congress; Newark PL. Facsimile reprint in 1972. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento. Not only the first textbook on psyops but still the best. If this were a bibliography on SpecOps Id give it 5-Stars. The 1st edition had appeared in 1948. The 2nd retains verbatim the material on pp.1-243 and drops the final chapter, substituting 3 new chapters of updates. See also Cruickshank (1977). Dr. Linebarger (at age 23 a PhD in Political Science from the Johns Hopkins University) was an American China expert, psywarrior in WW II (rising to rank of major),
and writer of science fiction (as Cordwainer Smith). He was Professor of Asiatic Studies at the Johns Hopkins Universitys School of Advanced International Studies, since 1947. FIELDS: 3-Star/PSYOPS/
Lipton, Peter (1954- ) iii Inference to the Best Explanation. Second edition, London: Routledge/Taylor& Francis Group, 2004, xii+219pp. LOC: U of Portland. An advanced text that reportedly gives the best explanation of the Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) method of inductive inference. This second edition (the first had appeared in 1991) is somewhat enlarged, particularly with an important new chapter (Chapter 7 Bayesian induction, pp.103-120) that attempts to reconcile Bayes with IBE. Dr. Lipton is Professor of History & Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge. REV: Lefteris Farmacis & Stephan Hartmann in the Notra Dame Philosophical Reviews (Internet, 1 Jun 2005). Highly favorable with some reservations. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Statistics/Bayes/
Littman, Jonathan (1958- ) SEE UNDER: Shimomura (1996) Lloyd, Mark (1948- ) i The Art of Military Deception. London: Leo Cooper, 1997, 218pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. A sketchy overview by a British popular military writer. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Military/
Locard, Dr. Edmond (1877-1966) i Les pores et lidentification des criminels, Biologica: Journal scientifique des mdecine, Vol.2 (Paris: 1912), 357-365. The first paper on Poroscopy, the study of the sweat-pores that run along the top of each friction ridge of every fingerprint. However, Locard didnt coin that term until the following year. Poroscopy is the super-refined fingerprint method that he had just invented, tested, and first used to convict a suspect (1912). For more on poroscopy see Locard (1920), 112-114; Mitchell (1922), 208-209; Rhodes (1956), 199; Wilton (1938), 108,172; Ashbaugh (1999), 150-155; and Bindra (2000). Locard, an avid student of Hans Gross, Bertillon, and Sherlock Holmes, became the greatest French criminalist and one of the worlds greatest. Beginning as an assistant to Alexandre Lacassagne, he succeeded his mentor as Professor of Forensic Medicine at the University of Lyon, France, a position he held until 1910. Among other major forensic innovations, he created the worlds first official police forensic laboratory (1910) and formulated Locards Exchange Principle (1920). FIELDS: 1-Star/Fingerprints/ID/
iiiii LEnqute Criminelle et les Mthodes Scientifiques [Criminal Investigation and Scientific Methods]. Paris: Ernest Flammarion, 1920, 300pp. LOC: BW; Congress; UC-Berkeley; U of Toronto; British L; Italian Nat. L. Service. The first comprehensive textbook of criminology. Locards Exchange Principle (first stated here on p.139) is not only the foundation of the Theory of Trace Evidence in all the forensic sciences, but applies to physical and, I insist, psychological evidence in the other fields of detection and counterdeception. Dr. Locards chapter on questioned documents was, according to Albert Osborn, weakened by a reliance upon the discredited theories of Dr. Persifor Frazer. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/A&P/R&D/ 5-Star/Forensics/Criminology/ CLASSES: 601/
iii Policiers de Roman et Policiers de Laboratoire. Paris: Payot, 1924, 277pp. LOC: Congress; UC-Berkeley; U of Oklahoma; U of Toronto; Italian Nat. L. Service. Contrasts detectives in fiction (pp.2-145), particularly those of Poe, Gaboriau, and Doyle (Chapter III, 89-145), with those in the real-world crime labs (pp.147-274). See also Bercher (1906), Wells (1913), Cassiday (1983) and R. Thomas (1999). FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/Fiction/
i Dust and its Analysis: An Aid to Criminal Investigation, The Police Journal, Vol.1 (London: 1928), 177-192. In passing remarks (p.177) regarding his Exchange Principle, [O]ur bodies are silent yet certain and reliable witnesses of each of our actions and contacts. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
Lanalyse des Poussieres en Criminalistique, Revue Internationale de Criminalistique, Vol.1, Nos.4-5 (1929), 176-249. i English translation as The Analysis of Dust Traces, American Journal of Police Science, Vol.1 (1930), 276-401, 496. One of the earlier systematic pieces on the forensics of dust. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
Trait de criminalistique. 7 volumes, Lyon: J. Desvigne et ses fils, 1931-1940. LOC: Congress (vols.1-6); UC-Berkeley (vols. 1-6); British L (vols.1-6); not seen. A major collection of old and new papers by Locard. FIELDS: ?-Star/Forensics/Criminology/
i Mmoires dun Criminologiste. Paris: Librairie Arthme Fayard, 1957, 249pp. Edited by Robert Corvol. LOC: Congress; UC-Berkeley; U de Sherbrooke (Canada). Rambling recollections of the great criminologist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/Biography/
ii Les Faux en criture et leur expertise. Paris: Payot, 1959, 391pp. LOC: Congress; U of Louisville; U of Toronto; U de Montral; British L. On the authentication of writing. Earlier published in the authors Trait de criminalistique, Vol. 5-6 (Lyon: 1936). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Documents/
Ashton-Wolfe (1928) Rhodes (1936) Bogomoletz (1995) Champod (1995) Chisum & Turvey (2000)
Lochrie, Karma ii Covert Operations: The Medieval Use of Secrecy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, 292pp. LOC: NPS. On secrecy (hiding, discovery, and disclosure) in the Western world during the Middle Ages among men and women in their everyday hidden and forbidden lives of sexuality, cross-dressing, gossip, confession, etc. A radical Post-Modern interpretation based on but stretching the limits of Michel Foucault and various feminist writers. Gives many facts relevant to our understanding the different ways by which the medieval west viewed deception and its detection. But, given the authors theoretical bias and consequent selectivity, approach with suitable caution. See also her Heterosyncracies: Female Sexuality When Normal Wasnt (Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press, 2005). Written while the author was an associate professor of English at Loyola University Chicago, later moving to Indiana University. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
Lock, Stephen, and Frank Wells, Michael Farthing (editors) ii Fraud and Misconduct in Medical Research. Third Edition, London: BMJ Books, 2001, xii+268pp. LOC: U of San Diego; Congress. A collection of articles, including most importantly Evans (2001) and Horowitz (2001). See also Shapiro (1993). The 1st edition had appeared in 1993 and the 2nd in 1996. Lock had edited the British Medical Journal 1975-1991. Wells specialized in medico-legal matters. Farthing, who joined the other co-authors with the 3rd edition, was Professor of Medicine at the U of Glasgow. REV: Gyan Fernando in Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.5, No.1 (Jan-Jun 2004). Rates this book as scholarly, comprehensive. FIELDS: 2-Star/Medicine/Fraud/
Lockard, Joan S., and Delroy L. Paulhus (1950- ) (editors) ii Self-Deception: An Adaptive Mechanism? Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988, ix+262pp. LOC: Florida International U. A useful overview of this subcategory of deception. A collection of 14 original papers by
various psychologists plus an anthropologist, a psychiatrist and two psychoanalysts. See also Trivers (1971), Gur (1979), Ames & Dissanayake (1996), Wiseman (1997), Myslobodsky (1997), and Mele (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Self-deception/
Locke, John (1632-1704) iii Essay Concerning Human Understanding. 1690. Many reprints. Thoughts of the English philosopher who founded Empiricism. Completed twenty years before its publication. Lockes school of empirical philosophy is the one most relevant to understanding deception and how to detect it. See particularly: Book Four, Chapter V (Of Truth in general) for congruity/incongruity definitions of truth and falsehood; Book Four, Chapter XVI, Section 10 (Traditional testimonies, the further removed, the less their proof) on the degrading of original truth (data or information) as it passes from reporter to reporter; Book Four, Chapter XVII (Of Reason) wherein Locke importantly defines inference, deduction, and intuition; and Book Two, Chapter XI (Of Discerning, and other Operations of the Mind) where in paragraph 2 he defines the difference between wit and judgment. FIELDS: 3-Star/Philosophy/Deception/Logic/Intuition/
Lockwood, Jonathan S[amuel] (1955- ) iiSources of Error in Indications and Warning, Defense Intelligence Journal, Vol.3, No.1 (Spring 1994), 75-88. LOC: NPS. Proposes (p.76) and then gives examples of a useful 4-category set of err sources in the IW process: 1. The enemy, who conducts strategic deception. 2. The analyst, who falls prey to analytical fallacies in prediction. 3. The policymaker, who fosters the politicization of intelligence. 4. The system, which suffers from inherent systematic deficiencies. Dr. Lockwood (U of Miami PhD in International Affairs), having served 13 years as a U.S. Army intelligence officer, was then an Adjunct Professor at the Joint Military Intelligence College. Later invented the Lockwood Analytical Method for Prediction (LAMP), a procedure for OSINT analysis. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Loewi, Otto (1873-1961) ii From the Workshop of Discoveries. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1953, 62pp. Three essays by the German refugee pharmacologist whod been the 1936 Nobel Prizewinner in medicine. His second essay (pp.20-38) carries the volumes title and is devoted entirely to discovery in science with a stress on hunches. FIELDS: 2-Star/Intuition/
Loftus, Elizabeth F. (1944- ) iii Witness for the Defense: The Accused, the Eyewitness, and the Expert Who Puts Memory on Trial. New York: St. Martins Press, 1991, xiv+288pp. Written with Katherine Ketcham. LOC: BW. Also in PB. On the vagaries of human memory. This book is a popularized exposition of Prof. Loftuss views as co-written by non-fiction author Ketcham. See also Mnsterberg (1908), Schacter (1996 & 2001), and Ross & MacDonald (1997). Prof. Loftus, a leading American memory expert, is a 1970 PhD in psychology from Stanford and has been Professor of Psychology at the University of Washington, Seattle, since 1973. Her memoir is in Sternberg (2003), 104-117. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/Memory/
ii The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse. New York: St. Martins Press, 1994, 269pp. Written with Katherine Ketcham. Also in PB. An expert guide through this controversial minefield of the 1980's fad of memories recovered (actually planted) by psychotherapists through hypnosis and other techniques during intense interrogation and therapy. See also Ofshe & Watters (1994), Ceci & Bruck (1995), Lynn & others (2003), and Tsai & others (2004). FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/Memory/
________, and James M. Doyle i Eyewitness Testimony: Civil and Criminal. 3rd edition, Charlottesville, VA: LEXIS Law Publishing, 1997, 415pp. Plus 1999 Cumulative Supplement, 33pp. Doyle is an experienced trial lawyer. The 1st edition of this book appeared in 1979 (253pp). See also Cutler & Penrod (1995). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/INTEL-collection/
Lynn, Loftus, & others (2003) Tsai, Morsbach, & Loftus (2004)
Loomis, Alfred (1887-1975) SEE: Conant (2002) Lorber, Azriel (1935- ) iii Misguided Weapons: Technological Failure and Surprise on the Battlefield. Washington, DC: Brasseys, Inc., 2002, xvi+293pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; British L; Australian Defence Force Academy. The only historical survey of this important subject. Essential background for understanding technological surprise. Dr. Lorber (1974 Virginia Polytechnic PhD), aerospace engineer and former Israeli Army officer, is a Polish-born Israeli. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/TECHINT/
Lorillard, Lieutenant-Colonel [Paul-Joseph] iiii Ruses de guerre et contre-ruses. Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle & Cie., 1935, vii+224pp. Preface by Gnral A. Niessel. LOC: BW(Oct 05); The Infantry School(Ft. Benning); US Army Military History Institute; British L. A collection of military ruses. Analyzed historically from Ancient Greece to 1935 and by several categories including ambushes and feints. Includes many rare examples. Lieut.-Col. Lorillard was a French Army officer. FIELDS: 4-Star/Deception/Military/
Lowenthal, David (1923- ) ii The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985, xxvii+489pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz; Oxford. Offers the bemusing thesis that, because all material artifacts, documents, and even immaterial memories degrade, they cant be truly or authentically restored or reproduced. Consequently, we cant ever fully or accurately know our own pasts. This explicit generalization, although not original with him, gives Lowenthals theory its slight valuealways worth a passing footnote. Otherwise its obvious and trivial for, truly, all our pasts began just a milli-second ago. Dr. Lowenthal (U of Wisconsin PhD in History), an American geographer and historian, was Professor at University College (London) from 1972 to 1982 when he emerited. He helped organize the British Museums 1990 Fake? exhibition. FIELDS: 2-Star/Historiography/
iii Authenticity: Rock of Faith or Quicksand Quagmire, Conservation: Getty Newsletter, Vol.14, No.3 (Fall 1999). LOC: BW (copy); Internet. The authors own condensation of his above book. FIELDS: 3-Star/Historiography/
Lowenthal, Mark M. ii The U.S. Intelligence Community: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1994, xv+206pp. LOC: NPS. A comprehensive bibliography of its narrow subject. Gives 225 titles, each with concise annotation, plus three appendices that cover key legislative papers, a list of CIA Directors, and a chart of the U.S. intel community. Dr. Lowenthal (Harvard PhD in History) has been an intelligence analyst since 1988 with, successively the State Department, Library of Congress (when he wrote this bibliography), House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, President & CEO of the private Intelligence and Security Academy in 2001, and since 2002 as the CIAs Assistant Director for Analysis & Production. In 1979 he published a sci-fi novel and in 1988 was Grand Champion of the Jeopardy! TV quiz show. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/USA/
Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. 3rd edition, Washington, DC: CQ Press, forthcoming 2006. The 1st edition had been published in 2000, the 2nd in 2003. Recommended with enthusiasm by his colleague, Robert David Steele, as the only thorough primer for presidents, congress, media, and public. FIELDS: Forthcoming/INTEL-consumer/
Lu Shih-hua (1724-1779) Shu-hua shou-ling [Insignificant Observations on Calligraphs and Paintings]. 1776. iii English translation with introduction and notes by R. H. van Gulik as Scrapbook for Chinese Collectors: A Chinese Treatise on Scrolls and Forgers. Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique, 1958, 84pp in English of Introduction and Translation plus16pp of Chinese text. LOC: Getty; UC-Berkeley; Ottawa U (Ottawa, Kansas); Warburg; Oxford; U of Hong Kong. An honest attemptunusual under the Manchu emperorsto assess the authenticity of antique paintings, particularly as most were in the Palace Collection. Much solid advice that still holds true. Mister Lu, a minor collector of antique Chinese books and paintings in Kiansu Province, also freely and vigorously denounced the shady tricks of forgers and unscrupulous art dealers. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/China/
Luard, Nicholas (1937-2004) ii The Orion Line. London: Secker & Warburg, 1976, 217pp. LOC: Oxford. A novel of escape & evasion. Gareth Owen, a 40-year-old Baker Street [S.O.E.] deskman must once more go out into the cold to trace the three-decade-old mystery of the betrayal of one of the WW II Allied escape lines in France. A fine novel, politically and psychologically. Luards best. See also Morgan (1949). Born in London of a Scots-French family, Luard spent his childhood in Iranian tribal country and was educated in Britain. His father had been an S.O.E. agent in WW II. In 1955, at age 18, Luard enlisted in the Coldstream Guards. On detached service, he trained as a long-range night patrol commander with NATO forces in a special sabotage and forward Intelligence unit that took part in clandestine border operations during the Hungarian Revolution. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/Escape&Evasion/
Ludovici, Anthony M[ario] (1882-1971) The Secret of Laughter. London: Constable, 1932, 133pp; and U.S. edition, New York: The Viking Press, 1933, 133pp. Facsimile reprint 1974. LOC: College of Charleston (S.C.). The once prominent British right-wing author, a stalwart champion of aristocracy, presents the all-time two most bizarre theories of humor: 1) the culmination in humans of evolution from the defensive-aggressive baring of teeth before combat and 2) its recent growth as the main symptom of the decline of men into a manipulable wimpishness that, he claims, delights all women. See also Provine (2000). FIELDS: 0-Star/Humor/
Lustig, Victor (1890-1947) SEE: Johnson (1961) Luvaas, Jay (editor) ii Frederick the Great on the Art of War. New York: The Free Press, 1966, xvi+391pp. Also available in a 1999 facsimile reprint. LOC: Pentagon. For the collated comments of Prussian King Frederick II (1712-1786) on deception in war see pp.324-327. Dr. Luvaas had a distinguished career as an American military historian, which ended with his retirement from the U. S. Army War College. Luvaas was famous for his staff ride, teaching case studies of battles by taking his student and staff officers on horseback tours of the actual battlefields. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/Biography/
i Clausewitz, Fuller and Liddell Hart, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.9, Nos.1-2 (Jun/Sep 1986), 197-212. LOC: NPS. Clausewitz claimed that the study of military history yields no formulas war is art not science. He argued that whenever presenting an historical event in order to demonstrate a general truth, care must be taken that every aspect bearing on the truth at issue is fully and circumstantially developed ... before the readers eyes. Luvaas, in agreeing (p.211), flatly rejects the notions of Jomini, Fuller, and particularly Liddell Hart such as with the latters magic formula of Strategy of the Indirect Approach. Compare Gat (1996) and Gat (2001). FIELDS: 1-Star/Military/Biography/
Lykken, David Thoreson (1928- ) iiii A Tremor in the Blood: Uses and Abuses of the Lie Detector. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1981, 317pp. LOC: BW. 2nd ed., Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1998, 326pp. Lykken is the most outspoken of the polygraphs many qualified critics. He is also known for his research on twins. See also Clifton (1991), Kelly (2004), and Ruscio (2005). Dr. Lykken (1957 U of Minnesota PhD in Clinical Psychology) is a prominent physiological psychologist at the University of Minnesota where he has taught from 1949 until emerited in 1998. Particularly known for his research on twins, criminal pathology, and the genetic basic of happiness. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.47, No.4 (2003). Finds Lykken too negative in his judgment on the polygraph. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Interrogation/
Lynch, David [D.], Jr. iii Introduction to RF Stealth. Raleigh, NC: SciTech Publishing, Inc., 2004, xv+575pp + 1 CD-ROM. LOC: NPS; Stanford.
The first comprehensive summary of radio frequency (RF) stealth technology. Clear history and basic theory blending with highly technical details. Lynch had been a pioneer since 1975 of stealth technology, including as project manager on the Tacit Blue radar avionics, a black program until the late 1990s. FIELDS: 3-Star/Camouflage/Stealth/
Lynch, Gerald (1953- ) i Stephen Leacock: Humour and Humanity. Kingston & Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1988, xiv+197pp. LOC: BW. A sympathetic, informed, and generally intelligent biography of the Canadian humorist. Explores at depth Leacocks Incongruity Theory and practice of humor and the sources thereof. Leacock, however, was so clear at explaining himself that he doesnt need such a fussy explainer. See Leacock (1916, 1935, 1937). Lynch was with the Department of English, University of Ottawa. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/ Lynn, Steven Jay, Elizabeth F. Loftus (1944- ), Scott O. Lilienfeld (1960- ), and Timothy Lock iii Memory Recovery Techniques in Psychotherapy, Skeptical Inquiry, Vol.27, No.4 (Jul/Aug 2003), 40-46. To recover allegedly traumatic memories many psychotherapists still employ controversial methods such as hypnosis, age regression, guided imagery, dream interpretation, bibliotherapy, and symptom interpretation. But these techniques can distort or even create allegedly repressed memories. Concludes (p.45) that, The evidence provides little support for the use of memory recovery techniques in psychotherapy. See also Loftus (1994), Ofshe & Watters (1994), and Tsai & others (2004). Dr. Lynn (1976 Indiana U PhD in Clinical Psychology) has been a psychology professor at SUNY-Binghampton since 1996 specializing in hypnosis, Loftus is a psych professor at UC-Irvine specialized in memory, Lilienfeld is an associate prof of psychology at Emory U, and Lock is a memory recovery & false memory expert with Westchester Jewish Community Services. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/Memory/
Lyons, Arthur (1946- ), and Marcello Truzzi (1935-2003) i The Blue Sense: Psychic Detectives and Crime. New York: The Mysterious Press, 1991, 314pp. Concludes that while most psychic detectives are frauds, some might be real. Lyons is a thriller writer and Dr. Truzzi was a professor of sociology and long-time psychic researcher and amateur magician. Their professed skepticism masks a seemingly genuine belief in the occult. See also Randles (2002). Compare Randi (1976, 1980) and Hyman (1989). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Psi/Police/
Truzzi (1993)
-MMa, Jinsheng Junshi Qipian [Military Deception]. Jinan: Junshi kexue chubansha [Military Science Press], Jul 1992, 250pp. Published in a 1st edition of 10,000 copies to sell for 5.50 Yuan each. ISBN 780021-474-5. iii English translation as Military Deception (Junshi Qipian). Beijing: Military Science Press, 1992, 249pp. LOC: BW3 (copy). A remarkably sound textbook. Gives a detailed analysis of the principles and methods of military deception, each illustrated by examples from both Chinese, Russian, and Western warfare. Although I find nothing new, it indicates a high level of understanding of military deception rarely seen in Western texts and never in official American ones. The translation is quite satisfactory. The only translation errors Ive detected are inconsequential, my favorite being Loyal Navy (p.45) for Royal Navy. The author is a China Mainland writer on military affairs. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Military/China/
Maase, Shirley Willis, [and] Edward L. Fink, Stan A. Kaplowitz i Incongruity in Humor: The Cognitive Dynamics, in Robert N. Bostrom (editor), Communication Yearbook 8 (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1984), 80-105. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Mabillon, Jean (1632-1707) iii De re Diplomatica Libri VI. Paris: Sumtibus vidu Ludovici Billaine, 1681, 634pp, with supplement in 1704. LOC: Congress. First formal statement of the principles of both paleography (the study of ancient inscriptions) and diplomatics (the critical analysis & verification of documents), thereby effectively founding both these investigative sciences. See also Duranti (1998) and Hiatt (2004), 181-187. Mabillon was a scholarly French Benedictine monastic priest. FIELDS: 3-Star/Documents/Methodology/
McAuliffe, Jim i Differences in Attentional Set Between Athletes and Nonathletes, Journal of General Psychology, Vol.131, No.4 (2004), 426-437. LOC: BW (copy). A notably trivial and illiterate study of an aspect of body language partly salvaged by one interesting counterdeception hypothesis (p.436), namely: [A]thletes may be more susceptible to a deceptive move or feint [than nonathletes]. For example, if an athlete sets his or her attention for the movement of the shoulders and torso and the misleading move or feint is done with the shoulders and torso, then the deception would be effective. However, if the athlete sets his or her attention for the shoulders and torso and the feint involves a head movement, then the deception would not be as effective.
Dr. McAuliffe was then in the School of Kinesiology at Lakehead U in Thunder Bay, Canada. FIELDS: 1-Star/Sports/Perception/
McCallum, John D[ennis] (1924- ) ii Crime Doctor: Dr. Charles P. Larson, Worlds Foremost Medical-Detective, reports from his crime file. Mercer Island, WA: The Writing Works, Inc.,1978, x+262pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; U of Puget Sound; Australian Defence Force Academy. Biography of Dr. Charles P. Larson (1910- ), 1936 MD from McGill University had been a leading pathologist in the Tacoma, Washington, area, since 1934. FIELDS: McCargar, James (1920- ) SEE: Felix (1963) McCarry, Charles (1929- ) ii The Secret Lovers. New York: Dutton, 1977, 308pp. A novel of espionage. Set in Berlin around 1960, American [CIA] officer Paul Christopher relentlessly tracks a security risk. A superb story of detection, a disturbing essay on the theme of trust, and an almost perfect novel about the secret worldthat ultimately insane interface between manipulated illusion and naive reality. A newspaperman, scriptwriter for President Eisenhower, and author of five published short stories, in 1957 McCarry decided to write a novel and thought the CIA might be willing to provide the pin money in return for his services while living abroad. It did. McCarry then served as a CIA intelligence officer 1958-67 on assignments throughout Africa and Asia. Many critics judge him the best writer of American spy thrillers and a few are audacious enough to name him best of all. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/ 2-Star/Forensics/Biography/
McClish, Mark ii I Know Your Are Lying: Detecting Deception Through Statement Analysis. Winterville, NC: PoliceEmployment.com, Jan 2001, 277pp. LOC: NPS; FBI Academy. 2nd Edition, Jan 2003, 262pp. LOC: scarce. A manual of the controversial Statement Analysis technique for deception detection through study of verbal or written statements. Includes authors analysis of 8 famous cases. The first edition of 277 pages had appeared from the same publisher in Jan 2001. See also Shearer (1999) and N. Smith (2001). McClish had spent over two decades in law enforcement, including as lead instructor of the US Marshals Service Training Academy, 1991-99, during which time he developed this Statement Analysis system. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
McCormick, Donald (1911- ) i Taken for a Ride: The History of Cons and Con-men. Blandford, Eng: Harwood-Smart Publishing, 1976, 224pp. LOC: Indiana State U.
An inconsequential clump of many case studies. Useful only for drawing our attention to some lesser-known British examples. McCormick, a British journalist who served in the Royal Navy in WW II, wrote some useful books on intelligence history under his pen name of Richard Deacon. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/
McCormick, Gordon, Guillermo Owen iii Manhunting. Manuscript, undated [March 2004]. LOC: BW (copy). A game-theoretic model of a hunter versus a target hiding in a static position. Dr. McCormick (1986 Johns Hopkins PhD in Political Science), was a RAND Senior Social Scientist 1985-1992, moved to the Naval Postgraduate School in 1998, where since 2001 he has chaired the Department of Defense Analysis. Dr. Owen (1962 Princeton PhD in Mathematics) is Professor of Mathematics at the Naval Postgraduate School. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Tracking/GameTheory/
Guillermo & McCormick [2005?]
McCormick, Joseph B., and Susan Fisher-Hoch i Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC. Atlanta: Turner Publishing, Inc, 1996, 379pp. Level Four designates the highest echelon of physical security within a laboratory to assure the confinement of the most dangerous viruses. See also Imperato (1979) and Peters & Olshaker (1997). The husband-and-wife authors are both MDs who worked as virologists and epidemiologists for the CDC. FIELDS: 1-Star/Epidemiology/
McCornack, Steven A. iii Information Manipulation Theory, Communication Monographs, Vol.59, No.1 (Falls Church, VA: Mar 1992), 1-16. LOC: BW (copy). Information Manipulation Theory (IMT) categorizes four ways (maxims) by which information can be manipulated: Quantity (suppressing part of the truth), Quality (fudging), Relation (relevancy of the info communicated), Manner (how things are said rather than what is said). It then predicts the types of deceptive methods a person will use by determining which types of information will be eliminated. Dr. McCornack (1990 PhD from U of Illinois) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at Michigan State U where he has been since 1988. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/PSYOPS/
McCrea, Scott iii The Case for Shakespeare: The End of the Authorship Question. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2004, xiv+280pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. A survey fine winnowing of evidence, and critique of the main alternative theories challenging or supporting Shakespeares authorship of his plays. See particularly
Chapter 15 (All Conspiracy Theories Are Alike), pp.215-223, for McCreas exemplary method, which is similar to that used in Whaley, Gardner, & Busby (1991). See also Kahn (1967) and Friedman & Friedman (1957). Prof. McCrea is an American playwright who teaches theatre arts at SUNY. REV: Brian Vickers in Times Literary Supplement, 19 & 26 Aug 2005. Favorable. FIELDS: 3-Star/Documents/
McCrone, John iii Comic relief Humour, laughter and the distorted mirror of the mind, New Scientist, Vol.166, No.2240 (27 May 2000), 23-26. Research and theory on the relationship between humor and the perception of incongruities. See also Provine (2000). McCrone is a London-based science writer specializing in cognitive psychology. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
ii Reasons to forget: Scientists count the ways we get it wrong, Times Literary Supplement, No.5261 (30 Jan 2004), 3-4. Proposes that the evolutionary purpose of memory is prospective rather than, as usually conceived, retrospective memory is strictly a planning tool. FIELDS: 2-Star/Evolution/
McCrone, Walter (1916-2002), Duane R. Chartier, Richard J. Weiss (1923- ) (chairs/editors) iii Scientific Detection of Fakery in Art. Bellingham, Washington: The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1998, v+106pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Getty; Colombia. Eleven papers on as many different types of useful technical detection methods applied to art objects. These papers had been presented in San Jose, California, at the International Conference on Scientific Detection of Fakery in Art, 29-30 January 1998. Dr. McCrone, a chemist and microscopist, was famous for his micro-analysis in 1974 that showed the Vinland Map to be a modern forgery, his 1978 study of the Shroud of Turin that revealed its medieval painting, his chemical analyses that proved Napoleons hair to contain too little arsenic to have been lethal while Beethovens hair showed a pathological level of lead sufficient to cause his symptoms of depression and even deafness. McCrone left academia in 1956 to found his own research company, McCrone Associates, in Chicago. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/
________, and Richard J. Weiss (1923- ) (editors) ii Fakebusters: Scientific Detection of Fakery in Art. Chicago: SPIE and the McCrone Research Institute, 1999, viii+400pp. LOC: Brandeis; U of Wisconsin; Beverly Hills PL. Sixteen original and two reprinted papers plus two cautionary fictional short stories (by
Weiss) drawn from the proceedings of the symposium held in Bellingham, Washington, by the International Optical Engineering Society in September 1999. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Art/Fiction/ Stoney (2004) Weiss & Chartier (2004) Chartier, McCrone, Weiss (2000)
Macdonald, [William James] Bill (1956- ) ii The True Intrepid: Sir William Stephenson and the Unknown Agents. 2nd edition, Vancouver: Raincoat Books, 2001, 411pp. Foreword by Thomas F. Troy, former CIA staff historian. LOC: LA PL; Congress; British L. A welcome expos of the two heavily fabulated and confabulated biographies of Sir William Stephenson (1896-1989) presented in the best-selling books by that other William Stevenson (1976 and 1983) and connived in by Sir William who had headed British Security Coordination (BSC) in the USA during World War Two. This 2nd edition adds some fresh details to the first which had appeared in 1998. Unfortunately still reports some of Roald Dahls own autobiographical puffery about having been shot down in a spiffy Spitfire when hed managed to crash all by himself in a stodgy old Gladiator. See also West (1985), 126-138, 140-142, which gave the first detailed expos of the Stevenson-Stephenson fake books; and then Naftali (1993). REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.46, No.4 (2002). Commends and recommends. FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/
MacDonald, Jacqueline, and others ii Alternatives for Landmine Detection. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2003, xxx+336pp. LOC: NPS. Experts assessments of innovative technologies for detecting the estimated 45-50 million abandoned mines worldwide. A compendium summarized by MacDonald and 9 co-editors of 23 articles by 31 authors covering 13 different types of technologies ranging from electromagnetic induction, through seismic, to sniffer dog detection. FIELDS: 2-Star/Sensors/
McDonald, Patrick iii Make Em Talk: Principles of Military Interrogation. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press, 1993, 75pp. LOC: FBI Academy; Annapolis. One of the better books on this touchy subject. Covers with practical advice the more common situations that arise during interrogation. I tentatively accept the authors claim to have been a U.S. Marine interrogator with some knowledge of Arab culture (but not the language) during the 1991 Gulf War. Why? Many small details aside, its his take on torture and the contexts in which he places it. Thus, his assertion (p.8) that: Beatings and other forms of abuse have been proven to be of comparatively little use in gaining useful information when judged against other interrogation approaches. ... It will often cause a source to say or do whatever he believes the interrogator wants him to. Authenticity also emerges in his admission (p.9) to having illegally used force from time
to timebut only as a ploy to confirm a particular POWs expressed fears of torture, thereby setting him up for a non-violent interrogation. These views of torture are very rare, shared to my knowledge only among experienced police and intelligence interrogators. Reviewers inexperienced in interrogation tend to view this book with horror. One even judged it the sadomasochistic authors anything-goes wannabe fantasy about being not so much the torturer as the tortured. These moralists need to experience a true shudder of horror by reading Aussaresses (2002). Otherwise theyll find consistently effective interrogation methods described in Toliver & Scharff (1979), Meinertzhagen (1960), 220-221, and Hoare (2000). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/Interrogation/ CLASSES: 603/
McDonald, Peter iii Tire Imprint Evidence. New York: Elsevier, 1989, xiii+226pp. A model handbook, thorough and authoritative. McDonald was a former Manager of Tire Design for Firestone. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Forensics/Impressions/
MacDonell, Herbert L[eon] ii Flight Characteristics and Stain Patterns of Human Blood. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Department of Justice, 1971, xi+77pp. LOC: Clatsop Community College L (Astoria, OR). The landmark study that put blood-spatter analysis on the road to scientific acceptance. The biography of this famous and shamelessly self-promoting American criminalist is Lewis with MacDonell (1984). FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
MacDougall, Curtis D. (1903-1985) iii A College Course in Reporting for Beginners. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1932, x+536pp. LOC: Congress; Cal State (Fullerton). Retitled Interpretative Reporting. New York: Macmillan Co., 1947; 7th Edition, 1977, 496pp; 9th Edition, 1990, 782pp. Originally published because the author was dissatisfied with the existing textbooks, particularly wanting to stress the importance of the how and why in news stories. He told Contemporary Authors in 1981, Fortunately it caught on, set a new pattern.... I didnt invent interpretive reporting, as sometimes contended, but I surely helped popularize it at a time when oldtime objective reporting was favored. It became the model for modern in-depth investigative reporting. See also MacDougall (1932). MacDougall had been a reporter (since 1918), lecturer in journalism at Lehigh University, University of Wisconsin PhD (1933), and distinguished professor of journalism at Northwestern (1942-71). FIELDS: 3-Star/Media/
ii Hoaxes. New York: Macmillan, 1940, 336pp. LOC: Stanford. 2nd ed., New York: Dover Publications, 1958, 338pp. LOC: BW; NPS. A classic catalog that sketches over a thousand hoaxes in all fields. Unfortunately for our purpose, seldom reports the evidence that led to their detection. Still useful as raw material for a larger data base. See also Newnham (1991), Sifakis (1993), Fuld (1999), and particularly Stein (1993) and Lindskoog (1993). FIELDS: 2-Star/Hoax/
McDougall, Len i The Complete Tracker: The Tracks, Signs, and Habits of North American Wildlife. New York: MJF Books, 1997, vii+273pp. LOC: BW. The author, an American outdoorsman, gives many details but no theory or principles. See also Elbroch (2003) and particularly Brown (1999). FIELDS: 1-Star/Tracking/
McGuire, E. Patrick (1932- ) ii The Forgers. Bernardsville, NJ: Padric Publishing Co., 1969, 250pp. LOC: BW; San Diego PL; U. de Montral; U of Hong Kong. Light but comprehensive survey of forged checks, credit cards, coins, postage stamps, trading stamps, and detection methods. FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/Coins/
McGuire, William J. (1925- ) ii Constructing Social Psychology: Creative and Critical Processes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, xv+464pp. LOC: BW. A collection of major papers by an influential American social psychologist at Yale. His memoirs are in Sternberg (2003), 118-137. Dr. McGuire (1954 Yale PhD in Psychology) professed psychology at Yale 195558 and 1970 until emerited. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Psychology/
McHoskey, J[ohn] W., William Worzel, Christopher Szyarto iii Machiavellianism and Psychopathy, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.74, No.1 (1998), 192-210. LOC: BW (copy). A critique of Christies MACH-IV test. Dr. McHoskey (PhD Miami U in psych) and his two co-authors were, at the time of publication, in the psych department at Clemson U. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/Deception/
MacHovec, Frank J., Ph.D. i Humor: Theory, History, Applications. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1988, xv+206pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz; Congress. Surveys the main theories of humor, skipping casually over Incongruity Theory and advocating his own eclectic Syzygy theory (pp.94-105), which I find overly complex and unhelpful. MacHovec, after 25 years in private business, became a PhD psychologist until, after a further 25 years, he retired in 1995. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
i Interview and Interrogation: A Scientific Approach. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1989, xii+164pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fullerton; FBI Academy; U of Toronto. A modest text. For interviewing & interrogation see also Rabon (1992) and Royal (1976). FIELDS: 1-Star/Interrogation/
McHugh, Paul R. (1931- ) ii Multiple Personality Disorder, Harvard Mental Health News, Vol.10, No.3 (Fall 1993), 4-6. LOC: BW (copy); http://www.psycom.net/mchugh.html. McHugh asserts his position as a prominent opponent of the then faddish theories of multiple personality disorder and recovered memory. See also Tsai & others (2004). Dr. McHugh, an American psychotherapist, was Director of the Department of Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University, 1975-2001. NOTE: Ive been unable to verify McHughs story of Charcot & Babinski and would appreciate help on this. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/
McIvor, Anthony D. (editor) i Rethinking the Principles of War. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2005, xvi+572pp. LOC: BW3. A collection of 29 articles, mostly original, by 31 specialists. Its premise is that, because post 9/11 we are dealing with a new type of unconventional enemy, we must somehow readjust or redefine the Principles of War. I reject both this premise and its conclusion. First, there is little new here. Unconventional combatant units have been around since antiquity when Greek and Roman and Chinese frontier forces fought off barbarian raiders. Second, the so-called Principles, the list and definition of which change from year-to-year and army-to-army, have always proven flexible enough to adjust to each new dramatically changed environmental, cultural, or technological challenge. The basic principles seemingly worked for our prehistoric ancestral hunter bands, they work everywhere today, and I suspect theyll apply to any conceivable future scenario. Fortunately, some of the articles in McIvors collection avoid unneeded theorizing and limit themselves to linking existing principles to specific current unconventional environments. The article most relevant to this Bibliography is Simons (2005) which examines the cultural dimension.
Dr. McIvor (PhD in European economic history from UC-San Diego) is a VP of a Beltway think tank. FIELDS: 1-Star/Military/
Mackay, James [Alexander] (1936- ) i Allan Pinkerton: The Eye who Never Slept. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 1996, 256pp. LOC: Congress. US edition as Allan Pinkerton: The First Private Eye. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1997, 256pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. The best but still very weak biography of Allan Pinkerton (1819-1884), founder of the Pinkerton Detective Agency, the first American private investigative company. The other biographies (Lavine and Morn) are almost as inaccurate as Pinkertons own (ghosted) several memoirs and autobiography. FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
Mackenzie, Compton (1883-1972) ii Water on the Brain. London: Cassell and Company, Inc., 1933, 335pp. LOC: Kings College (inscribed copy from Mackenzie to Liddell Hart). A spy novel. Bumbling British agent Blenkensop is involved in low comedy in the [fictitious] Balkan Kingdom of Mendacia. Mackenzie had been stimulated into writing this rude satire of his former employers by his exemplary punishment the previous year for having the audacity to publish too revealing memoirs, specifically his Greek Memories (1932). A hundred photostatic copies of Water on the Brain were made by the American OSS in 1942 and used as a textbook on intelligence. And in 1969 CIA Director Allen Dulles liked it well enough to include a chapter in his anthology, Great Spy Stories from Fiction (1969). The Oxford-educated Mackenzie was a popular Scottish novelist, having been publishing successful novels since 1911. Upon the outbreak of the Great War in 1914 he was commissioned in the Royal Marines. Served in Intelligence branch at Gallipoli in early 1915. From late 1915 through 1916 as Z he served as head of counterespionage for M.I.1 (c) in Athens, rising in rank from lieutenant to captain. Then during 1917 was Director of the Aegean Intelligence Service until left on sick leave. A fine summary bio is in Constantinides (1983), 308-310. Mackenzie was tried in camera at the Old Bailey and fined 100 for violation of the Official Secrets Act for publishing in 1932 the third volume of his wartime memoirs, Greek Memories, which was officially suppressed. He was knighted in 1952. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/
Mackey, Chris, and Greg Miller (1968- ) iii The Interrogators: Inside the Secret War against Al Qaeda. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2004, xxvii+484pp. LOC: NPS; US Army Command & General Staff College. Chris Mackey is the pseudonym of a U.S. Army Reserve Military Intelligence Corps sergeant. This book is his censored memoir of experiences in Task Force 500 as a military intelligence interrogator in Afghanistan from Fall 2001 in Kandahar to late 2002 at Bagram. Co-author Greg Miller, an LA Times reporter, was the only media person permitted to interview the interrogators in Kandahar. Miller also acted as this books background researcher and fact checker. The rich details confirm and then surpass my worst suspicions that post-2003 U.S. Military Intelligence interrogation SOP, bureaucratic
administration, training, and inter-community liaisons, are grossly & inexcusably inept and that the few success were the work of small groups of individuals working outside the defective system. See also Toliver & Scharff (1979), Hoare (2000), Aussaresses (2002), and Bowden (2003). REV: Lt. Col. Kurt M. Marisa in Defense Intelligence Journal, Vol.14, No.1 (2005), 158-159. Seconds my conclusions about general incompetence. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/Interrogation/ CLASSES: 603/
MacKinnon, Donald W. (1903-1987) ii Creativity: a multi-faceted phenomenon, in John D. Roslansky (editor), Creativity: A Discussion at the Nobel Conference (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1970), 1732. Prof. MacKinnon was an American psychologist at Berkeley. Hed specialized in studies of personality assessment and creativity since his famous co-authorship of The Assessment of Men in the OSS in WW II. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Macksey, Kenneth (1923- ) iii The Searchers: How Radio Interception Changed the Course of Both World Wars. London: Cassell, 2003, 288pp. LOC: NPS. The first history of the British Y Service and its correlates. Macksey is a prominent British military historian. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/ELINT/
McLachlan, Donald (1908-1971) iiii Room 39: A Study of Naval Intelligence. New York: Atheneum, 1968, xvi+438pp. LOC: BW. One of the few truly fine accounts of intelligence analysis. It is written into a history of British Naval Intelligence, of which the author was a member during WW II. See also Beesly (1980, 1982, 2000). REV: Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1968. REV: Constantinides (1983), 311-312. Rates this one of the best books on intelligence and perhaps the best book on naval intelligence ever written. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/INTEL-analysis/Britain/ CLASSES: 600/
MacLean, Jack ii Secrets of a Superthief. New York: Berkley Books, 1983, 177pp. LOC: BW. A professional house burglar tells how to hide your personal valuables and find those hidden by others. FIELDS: 2-Star/Theft/
McLeave, Hugh (1923- ) iii Rogues in the Gallery: The Modern Plague of Art Theft. Boston: David R. Godine, 1981, 278pp. LOC: BW. Informative survey. See also Meyer (1973), Adams (1974), Watson (1983, 1997), Spiel (2000), and Dolnick (2005). The author, a Scot, was a former London crime reporter who became a freelance writer of fiction (including detective novels) and non-fiction (including on art). FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/Theft/
Macmillan, Neil A., [and] C. Douglas Creelman ii Detection Theory: A Users Guide. 2nd edition, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 2005, xix+492pp. LOC: U of Redlands; British L. On the application of electronic detection theory to psychology to understand sensory decision-making in such areas as animal behavior and X-ray diagnosis. Specifically on signal detection theory (SDT) as applied to perception and memory. The 1st edition had appeared in 1991. Prof. Macmillan was a cognitive psychologist at the University of Massachusetts. Dr. Creelman (PhD UMich) was a retired Associate Professor at the University of Toronto. FIELDS: 2-Star/Communications/Psychology/
McRaven, William H. (1955- ) iii SPEC OPS: Case Studies in Special Operations Warfare: Theory and Practice. Novato, CA: The Presidio Press, 1995, 402pp. LOC: NPS. The authors Six Principles of Special Operations (pp.8-23) are Simplicity, Security, Repetition, Surprise, Speed, and Purpose. This book is a condensation of McRavens 604-page MA thesis at the Naval Postgraduate School (1993). Two years later, at the time this book was published, he was CO of U.S. Navy Seal Team Three. By 2001, as a Navy captain, he was CO of Naval Special Warfare Group One based in San Diego. In Sep 2003, while serving as a Captain with the NSC, he was promoted rear admiral and appointed Deputy Commanding General, Joint Special Operations Command, US SpecOps Command, at Fort Bragg. In late 2003 he headed Task Force 121 in the final successful hunt for Saddam Hussein in Iraq and then in 2004 to Afghanistan for the hunt for Osama bin
Laden. He was scheduled in early 2006 to take over the European Commands Special Operations Command (SOCEUR). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Surprise/
Mach, Ernst (1838-1916) The Part Played by Accident in Invention and Discovery. (1895). ii Reprinted in the authors Popular Scientific Lectures. 4th edition (Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company, 1910), 259-281, as translated by T. J. McCormack. This was the Austrian physicist-philosophers inaugural lecture upon accepting the Professorship of the History and Theory of Inductive Science at the University of Vienna in 1895. FIELDS: 2-Star/Investigation/
Machiavelli, Niccol (1469-1527) iiiii The Chief Works and Others. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 3 volumes, 1989, translated by Allan Gilbert. We best savor the full flavor and range of deception (from politics and war to everyday life) as expounded by this Florentine statesman-philosopher-dramatist-military executive through four of his many works: The Prince (1513). How to gain, keep, and lose power through deception. The Discourses (1513). For deception see particularly Discourses 14, 40, & 48. Mandragola (1518). A comedy-of-errors play. Deception in every-day life. The Art of War (1521). Advocating military deception. See particularly Gat (2001), 3-10; and Handel (2001). REV: Lauro Martines, Princely charm, Times Literary Supplement, No.5347 (23 Sep 2005), 5-6. SEE ALSO: Olschki (1945)
For other early writers of similar persuasion see the Indian Kautilya (ca.300BC), the Arab Ibn Khaldn (1377), and the Italian Guicciardini (1512). For Chinese culture see Bloodworth & Bloodworth (1976), for Classical Greece, Hyde (1998) and Hesk (2000), and for Classical Rome, Sheldon (2005). For modern studies of Machiavellian behavior see Goffman (1959), Christie & Geis (1968 & 1970), Guterman (1970), and Byrne & Whiten (1988 & 1997). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Deception/Political/Military 600/
Maffeo, Steven E. iii Most Secret and Confidential: Intelligence in the Age of Nelson. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2000, xxvii+355pp. Reports some rather good early (1793-1815) deception operations and military INTEL, particularly in SIGINT. See also Knight (2005).
The author is a USAF librarian in Colorado Springs and U.S. Navy intelligence reservist. This book began in 1984 as his masters thesis at the Joint Military Intelligence College. REV: T. A. Brook in Studies in Intelligence (Fall-Winter 2001). FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/SIGINT/
Mahl, Thomas E. (1943- ) i Desperate Deception: British Covert Operations in the United States, 1939-1944. Washington, DC: Brasseys, 1998, xiv+257pp. LOC: BW3. Admirable only in that his research brought to light some new details. But sees deep conspiracies and cloak-and-dagger agents where they were no more than the usual dirty tricks of international lobbyists and their patriotic partisans, little different than the Britishvs-German games played on U.S. soil in the First World War. And more like merely clandestine activities than the covert operations of the authors title. A bit of sophistication in interpretation and the addition of the strangely overlooked role of Churchill would make a second edition welcome. Meanwhile I can only recommend instead Brewer (1997) as the most nearly accurate account. This was the doctoral dissertation of Dr. Mahl (PhD in diplomatic history from Kent State University). Teaches at an unnamed college in Ohio. REV: Thomas F. Troy in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.11, No.4 (Winter 1998-1999), 495-498. REV: D. Cameron Watt in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.14, No.2 (Summer 1999), 203-207. A properly damning critique. FIELDS: 1-Star/PSYOPS/Britain/
Maiken, Peter T. (1934- ) i Ripoff: How to Spot It, How to Avoid It. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, Inc., 1979, 285pp. Popular study by a senior American newspaper editor. Reports the author's interviews with 97 persons, each from a different occupation or level within that occupation and most of whom were themselves ripoff artists. However, the how-to promise of the subtitle is itself a substantial ripoff, I suppose because the author was unwilling or unable to generalize from the wealth of anecdotal detail hed collected. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/
Mailfert, Andr (1884- ) ii Au Pays des Antiquaires: Confidences dun maquilleur professionnel. Paris: Flammarion, 1935, 246pp. Reprinted, Paris: Flammarion, 1958, 171pp. LOC: BW3; Bibl. Nat. Montral; Bibl. Nat. Qubec. German translation, 1990. Amusing memoirs of a retired French maker of fake antique furniture in the period 190829. See Kurz (1967), 272-273; Arnau (1961), 221; Isnard (1980), 282. FIELDS: 2-Star/Furniture/Biography/
Maiolo, Joseph A[anthony] iii I believe the Hun is cheating: British Admiralty Technical Intelligence and the German Navy, 1936-39, Intelligence and National Security, Vo.11, No.1 (Jan 1996), 32-58. LOC: NPS. On the Admiraltys TECHINT on Germanys cheating on naval treaties. For earlier writings on the subject, which Maiolo overlooks, see McLachlan (1968) and Whaley (1979, 1982, & 1984). Mailo was then a PhD candidate at LSE. FIELDS: 3-Star/TECHINT/
ii Deception and Intelligence Failure: Anglo-German Preparations for U-boat warfare in the 1930s, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.22, No.4 (Dec 1999), 55-76. LOC: NPS. Describes the interplay between German and British perceptions and weapon systems acquisition decisions as driven by their deception ops and intel. Dr. Maiolo (1996 U of London PhD), a naval historian, was now Lecturer in International History at the University of Leeds, England. FIELDS: 2-Star/TECHINT/
Makris, John N, ii The Silent Investigators: The Great Untold Story of the United States Postal Inspection Service. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc, 1959, 319pp. LOC: San Diego PL. Adequate. See also Kahn (1973). FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/
Malleson, Colonel G[eorge] B[ruce] (1825-1898) ii Ambushes and Surprises: Being a Description of Some of the Most Famous Instances of the Leading into Ambush and the Surprise of Armies, from the Time of Hannibal to the Period of the Indian Mutiny. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1885. x+434pp. LOC: West Point; U of San Francisco. A pioneering effort. Unfortunately only a rambling, untheoretical, inconclusive group of 10 detailed case studies. Therefore ripe for inclusion in a larger data base. See also Editors of the Army Times (1963). Colonel Malleson was a prominent British military historian whose main military service was in India. I note with interest that the copy at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point is annotated by its former owner, Gen. George S. Patton Jr., himself a rather competent military deceiver. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Asymmetry/
Mallon, Thomas (1951- ) iii Stolen Words: Forays into the Origins and Ravages of Plagiarism. New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1989, xiv+300pp. LOC: BW. Also in PB. Informative. More theoretically oriented than either Salzman (1931) or Lindey (1952).
Dr. Mallon (Harvard PhD in English & American Literature) was then a Lecturer (now Professor) in English at Vassar College. He is also a novelist and essayist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Plagiarism/
Malone, Edmond (1741-1812) iii Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to Thomas Rowley. 1782, 60pp. Reprinted 1966. LOC: Northwestern; U of Florida. This expos of Thomas Chatterton as the forger of poems of the (fictitious) Rowley was the first effort at literary sleuthing by Malone, an Irish literary scholar and lawyer. By using a battery of independent tests (for style, handwriting, and paper), Malone set both the proto-theory and standard procedures for all future literary detectives. A weak biography of Malone is Martin (1995). FIELDS: 3-Star/Documents/Methodology/
i Shakspeare, Ford, and Jonson, in Edmond Malone (editor), The Plays and Poems of William Shakspeare, Vol.I (1790), Ch.i, 387-414. Reprints to 1968. Malones biting essay exposing Irish actor Charles Macklin as the forger of a work attacking Ben Jonson as purporting to be contemporary with him. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
iiii An Inquiry into the Authenticity of Certain Miscellaneous Papers and Legal Instruments. London: Cadell and Davies, 1796, vii+424pp. LOC: U of Michigan; U of Florida; U of Toronto. Reprinted 1970. Working full-time for only three months, Malone produced this brilliant expos of W. H. Irelands cunning Shakespearean forgeries. This was Malones third, last, most influential, and most detailed analysis of forged literary works. See Grebanier (1965) and Martin (1995), for biographies of Ireland and Malone, respectively. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Documents/Methodology/ 603/
Manickam, R. N. (1919- ) i Security, Espionage and Counter Intelligence. New Delhi: Manas Publications, 2001, 149pp. Introduction by A. S. Ramaswami. LOC: Cornell; British L. Memoirs of a Indian police officer from 1941 until his retirement in 1977, at which point hed risen to become Principal Director Aviation Research Center (ARC) in the Research and Analysis Wing (external intelligence) Cabinet Secretariate in New Delhi. FIELDS: 1-Star/India/Police/HUMINT/CI/
Mann, Samantha, Aldert Vrij, Ray Bull iiii Detecting True Lies: Police Officers Ability to Detect Suspects Lies, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.89 (Feb 2004), 137-149. LOC: BW (copy). Study of how 99 British police officers performed at detecting truths & lies told by subjects in videotaped interrogations by real police of real suspects. The tested police performed quite well overall. Specifically, accuracy of their performances positively correlated with both their self-reported experience in interviewing and in their mentioning incongruities in the suspects stories. Conversely, accuracy negatively correlated with popularly believed (including by police manuals) cues such as gaze aversion and fidgeting. Dr. Samantha Ann Mann (2001 PhD in psychology from the U of Portsmouth) did her dissertation on the subject: Suspects, Lies and Videotape: An Investigation into Telling Lies and Detecting Lies in Police/Suspect Interviews. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Interrogation/Lying/ 603/
Mannheim, Hermann (editor) (1889-1974) ii Pioneers in Criminology. Second Edition Enlarged, Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith, 1972, xv+505pp. LOC: Florida International U. Concise biographical backgrounders on the pioneers of criminology. Includes 23 chapters by 22 writers on noted early criminologists from Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) through Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), Hans Gross (1847-1915), mile Durkheim (1858-1917), and John Henry Wigmore (1863-1943) to Willem Bonger (1876-1940). This is the authors update of his original 1960 edition. Dr. Mannheim had been a law professor at Berlin U until dismissed when the Nazis came to power. Immigrated in 1934 to England where he continued his distinguished career as an academic criminologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Criminology/Biography/
Mannoni, Laurent, Werner Nekes, Marina Warner iii Eyes, Lies and Illusions: The Art of Deception. London: Hayward Gallery, 2004, 239pp. LOC: BW3; Santa Cruz PL; Oxford. A well-illustrated book on all forms of visual illusions. Published in conjunction with the exhibition Eyes, Lies and Illusions at the Hayward Gallery in London, 7 Oct 2004-3 Jan 2005. Mannoni is an Italian movie writer. Nekes, an experimental film maker, curated the exhibition. And Warner is a cultural historian. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Cinema/
Mao Tse-tung (1893-1976) ii On the Protracted War. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1954, 140pp. LOC: Congress. Chairman Maos theory and textbook of revolutionary guerrilla warfare. Includes the elements of surprise and deception that Mao always stressed. This is the first English translation of the original 1938 Chinese edition. See also Handel (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Asymmetry/China/
Maples, William R., Ph.D. (1937-1997), and Michael Browning i Dead Men Do Tell Tales: The Strange and Fascinating Cases of a Forensic Anthropologist. New York: Doubleday, 1994, 292pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW. Dr. Maples was curator-in-chief of the Human Identification Laboratory at the Florida Museum of Natural History and former president of the American Academy of Forensic Anthropology. In 1997 he inspired the character of fictitious forensic anthropologist Temperance Brennan by Kathleen Reichs. For more on forensic anthropology see Gerasimov (1971), Stewart (1979), Joyce & Stover (1991), Ubelaker (1992), Reichs (1998), and Bass (2003). FIELDS: Margot, Pierre A. SEE UNDER: 1-Star/Anthropology/
Meuwly & Margot (2001) Taroni, Champod, & Margot (1999)
Marijnissen, R[ogier] H[endrik] iii Paintings: Genuine, Fraud, Fake: Modern methods of examining paintings. Brussels: Elsevier, 1985, 415pp. LOC: Getty; UC-Berkeley; U of Florida; U de Montral; Edinburgh U. Also in Dutch and French. On the expert detection of faked paintings. The author, a Belgian, has been an authority on the paintings of Dutch and Belgian artists since the early 1950s. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Painting/
Markowski, David A. ii Web Magic: A Strategic Imperative in the Information Age. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, Jun 2005. LOC: BW; NPS (restricted access). Concludes that for military deception to be successful in the information age, the U.S. must now integrate the Internet with all other information channels in order to eliminate any deception story incongruities. Because the Internet is becoming so pervasive worldwide, any inconsistencies in the deception scenario caused by not using the Internet will be evident to wise adversaries who do observe the Internet. This was Major (USA) Markowskis MA thesis in the Defense Analysis Department at the Naval Postgraduate School. Thesis Advisor: Dorothy Denning; Second Reader: James F. Ehlert; Third Reader: Barton Whaley. FIELDS: 2-Star/Channels/Internet/
Marks, David (1945- ), and Richard Kammann (1934-1984) ii The Psychology of the Psychic. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1980, 232pp. iii Second Edition, Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2000, 336pp. LOC: Berkeley PL. Kammann dropped from authorship in this edition. A systematic analysis by two psychologists, a Brit and a Yank respectively, working in New Zealand at the University of Otago on claims of psychic abilities. See particularly Chapter 13 ("The Art of Doubt"), pp.200-215, for a discussion of the role of skepticism and "alternative thinking" in the detection of psychic fraud. See also Hansel (1980) and Hyman (1989). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Psi/Logic/
Marks, Leo (ca.1920-2001) iiii Between Silk and Cyanide. London: HarperCollins, 1998; New York: The Free Press, 1999, 613pp. LOC: BW; NPS. Perceptive and delightful memoirs of SOEs chief codemaker in WW II. Marks was much more than a cryptographer and cryptanalyst; he was a brilliant intelligence analyst. He comes closer than any others I know of in his ability to explain to outsiders how researcher-analysts go about their workthe grungy digging for facts, the timely value of hunches, the wrestling with hypotheses, the excitement of the chase, the elation of discovery, and the frequent frustrations of politics and bureaucracy. I cite from the American edition. See also Giskes (1953), Wright (1987), and Foot (2002). Leopold Samuel Marks was the London-born son of the proprietor of the London antiquarian bookshop, Marks & Company, which was made world-famous in reader Henele Hanffs 1970 best-selling memoir, 84, Charing Cross Road. REV: SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.24, No.1 (Jan 2000). A&P/CI/ 4-Star/INTEL/Cryptology/ CLASSES: 603/
Marlock, Dennis M. iii How to Become a Professional Con Artist. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press, 2001, xiv+135pp. LOC: Congress. A well-informed primer of deception. A fine how-to of deceptive mind games. Lt. Marlock, a retired 31-year veteran of the Milwaukee Police Department, had specialized in fraud & confidence crimes. For con artists see also Gibson (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Maurer (1955), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Carey & Sherman (1976), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), and Abagnale (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Con/
Marrin, Stephen ii Preventing Intelligence Failures by Learning from the Past, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol. 17. No. 4. (Winter 2004-2005). 655-672. Surveys outstanding cases of strategic surprise and intelligence failure for clues to reform, including possible ways to get more accurate intelligence such as by alternative or competitive analysis. Concludes (p.699): "The identification of causes of past failure leads to kernels of wisdom in the form of process modifications that could make the intelligence product more useful. A more effective, more accurate intelligence capability may still be vulnerable to the cognitive and institutional pathologies that cause failure, but a self-conscious and rigorous program based on the lessons derived from the existing literature would strengthen the intelligence product." Marrin, a PhD candidate in the Department of Politics at the University of Virginia, was a CIA intelligence analyst 1996-98. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/
iii Intelligence Analysis: Turning a Craft Into a Profession. 2005. LOC: BW (copy). Argues that the current state of intelligence analysisweak and largely amateurishcan be substantially improved, even professionalized, by adopting lessons from the medical community. A study supported by the CIA, originally presented at the International Studies Association Conference in Montreal, Canada, March 2004. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Medicine/
________, and Jonathan D. Clemente iii Improving Intelligence Analysis by Looking to the Medical Profession, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.18, No.4 (Winter 2005-2006), 707-729. LOC: NPS. This is a substantial rewrite by the co-authors of a paper they delivered at an ISA conference. It was then titled Tumors Dont Read Textbooks: Looking to the Medical Profession for Ideas to Improve Intelligence Analysis. AUTHORS ABSTRACT: This article identifies some of the many ideas for intelligence reform that can be found in medical practices. ... [T]his article addresses both the similarities and differences between intelligence analysis and medical diagnosis, including epistemological differences resulting from their different theoretical bases. The article goes on to outline a number of procedural reforms modeled from medicine that could improve many aspects of intelligence practice including: the prioritization of collection resources; the detection of denial and deception; the accuracy of analysis; and the quality of information flowing from intelligence agencies to national security decision makers. Dr. Clemente, an MD radiologist at the Carolinas Medical Center, is a former intelligence officer who specialized on medical intelligence. FIELDS: 3-Star/Medicine/
Marriner, Brian ( -1999) Forensic Clues to Murder. London: Arrow, 1991, 298pp. LOC: British L. US reprint as On Deaths Bloody Trail: Murder and the Art of Forensic Science. New York: St. Martins Press, 1993, 298pp. LOC: Stockton-San Joaquin County PL Inconsequential popularized account whose best parts are the titles. But what else should we expect from a British writer of sensationalized true crime books? FIELDS: 0-Star/Forensics/
Marshall, A[ndrew] W. (1921- ) ii A Program to Improve Analytic Methods related to Strategic Forces, Policy Sciences, Vol.15, No.3 (Apr 1983), 47-50. LOC: NPS. On war gaming as a useful analytical tool for strategic assessments. Mr. Marshall had a graduate degree in economics from the University of Chicago. Began at RAND in 1949 initially working with sociologist Herbert Goldhamer on a statistical study of the prevalence of psychoses which concluded, controversially, that their rate hadnt changed over the previous century. Then as a nuclear strategist, becoming Director of Strategic Studies at RAND in 1968. Thence in 1973 to the Pentagon as Director of Net Assessment for the Department of Defense by the then SecDef James Schlesinger. Marshall still (2005) holds that influential position, in which he has, as the following studies suggest, been one of the few Washington officials to consistently support research on surprise & deception. Indeed, he may be more responsible than anyone else for smoothing the ups-and-downs curves of interest in and funding for military-political deception studies in the USA. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Gaming/Methodology/ Goldhamer & Marshall (1953) Despres, Dzirkals, & Whaley (1976) Mihalka (1980) Stanley (1985) Thomas (1997) Wohlstetter (1962), xi Goldhamer (1979) Leites (1982/1992) Dailey & Parker (1987) Pillsbury (1998)
Marston, William Moulton (1893-1947) ii The Lie Detector Test. New York: Richard R. Smith, 1938, 179pp. Introduction by John A. Larson. LOC: UC-Berkeley. An interesting although popularized account by the true inventor of the lie detector, a fact unequivocally conceded by the famous Dr. Larson himself, yet overlooked or garbled by all subsequent writers and historians Ive read except Lykken (1981) and Clifton (1991). See Larson (1932), 191-202. Marston was a bright undergraduate of 20 around 1913 when he began his research to find what he called a deception test. He did his work under Professor Hugo Mnsterberg, the illustrious German psychologist, at the Harvard Psychological Laboratory. Young Marstons initial research was a follow-up of Jungs work on wordassociation. But in replicating this research he found that it tested only for emotional and not truth content. Moreover, a fourth of all subjects answered quicker when lying! He concluded that all previous lie detection efforts (dry mouth, perspiration, shifty eyes, and
word-hesitation) had failed because they had boxed the liars in a corner and then measured their defeat at lying. So he decided to reverse the whole process and look for a method that tested for emotions that make lying successful. No single piece of forensic gadgetry has attracted as many myths as the socalled Lie Detector. That term is itself a misnomer the most these machines can do is measure one or more physiological reactions which their operators then interpret as signaling emotion, stress, lies, or whatever. And contrary to some writers, the term lie detector wasnt coined by Marston. Nor did Dr. Marston invent it after years of research. Mr. Marston invented the Systolic Blood Pressure Deception Test in 1915 after only approximately two years of research. At that time he was a mere 22-year-old BA Assistant in Psychology at Harvards Radcliffe College. He didnt take his doctorate (from Harvard) until 1921. And, having already passed his bar exam in 1918, he soon became a forensic psychologist of some note. Marston also began writing fiction and in 1941, under the pen name of Charles Marston, he created the all-time most popular female comic book character, Wonder Woman. A fine irony is that among her several fetishistic tools was a magical golden lasso that forces its captives to tell the truth. And with a success rate running at 100%, this unusual lie detector performed much better than Marstons original real-world model. Contrary to the speculations of some of Marstons would-be psycho-biographers, he was apparently quite conscious of the genesis of WWs golden lie detector. Thus, in 1938, three years before launching her in the comics, Marston (p.35) wrote that it is always easy to give your suspected liar rope enough to hang himself. But it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to lasso his elusive neck with the noose held in your own hands. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Mart, Eric G. ii Problems with the Diagnosis of Factitious Disorder by Proxy in Forensic Settings, American Journal of Forensic Psychology, Vol.17, Issue 1 (1999), 69-82. LOC: BW (copy); http://www.msbp.com/ericmart.htm. Using Bayesian statistics, the author shows that Munchausens Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP), which is also called Factitious Disorder by Proxy (FDBP), tends to be grossly overdiagnosed. Dr. Mart (1983 PhD in psych from Yeshiva U) is an American forensic psychologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Statistics/Bayes/
iii Munchausens Syndrome by Proxy Reconsidered. Manchester, New Hampshire: Bally Vaughan Publishing, 2002, 128pp. LOC: Phoenix College L (Phoenix, AZ). An enlarged and up-dated reprise of the above pioneer article. FIELDS: 3-Star/Bayes/
Martin, Mike W. iii Humour and Aesthetic Enjoyment of Incongruities, British Journal of Aesthetics, Vol.23, No.1 (1983), 74-85. LOC: BW (copy). The authors effort to extend the Michael Clark (1970) interpretation of incongruity in Schopenhauer. Critiqued in Latta (1999), 13-14. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Martin, Peter (1940- ) i Edmond Malone, Shakespearean Scholar: A Literary Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, 298pp. The most detailed biography of Malone (1741-1812), the first great literary sleuth. Although Martins book discusses Malones exposures of the forgeries by Chatterton, Macklin, and Ireland, it doesnt bother to detail much less critique any of Malones specific detection methods. Martin, an American, is a professor of English. FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
Martin, Rene C. (1928- ) Forgery Forensics: Handwritten Modern Document Examination. Forthcoming. This book is an interesting ghost. Although listed by both the Library of Congress and the FBI Library as having been published in 1999 in 250 pages by CRC Press in Boca Raton, the author e-mailed me 2 Feb 2006 that Forgery Forensics has not been published yet. Im still tweaking it. Rene C. Martin, a Board Certified Forensic Examiner, is CEO of the private consulting firm of Forgery Forensics in Princeton, NJ, a division of Questioned Documents, Inc. She has 4 publications (1969 until the 1980s) on the problematic subject of graphology. She was a co-founder in 1979 of the National Association of Document Examiners. A member of Mensa since 1982, she edited the Mensa Cooks Book (1988). FIELDS: Forthcoming/Documents/
Marx, Gary T. iii Some Concepts that may be Useful in Understanding the Myriad Forms and Contexts of Surveillance, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.19, No.2 (Summer 2004), 226-248. LOC: NPS. A solid first step toward a theory of surveillance, specifically its empirical, analytical and moral ecology . Marx had been working on this topic by 1985 when he coined the evocative term the surveillance society. Dr. Marx (1966 UC-Berkeley PhD in Sociology under Goffman and Lipset) professed sociology at MIT from 1973 until emerited 1994 and thence U of Colorado in Boulder. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/Surveillance/ Fijnaut & Marx (1995)
Maskelyne, J[ohn] N[eville] (1839-1917) iii Sharps and Flats: A complete revelation of the secrets of cheating at games of chance and skill. London: Longmans, Green & Co.,1894, x+335pp. LOC: British L. Reprinted 1895 & 1907. Facsimile reprint, Las Vegas: Gamblers Book Club, 1971. A classic. Early wide-ranging but not too deep survey (not nearly the promised complete revelation) of the then state-of-the art account of the ruses and devices of gambling cheats. Based on the authors interviews with American and British sharpers, some recent books, and an American gambling catalog. See also Evans (1865), Erdnase (1902), Ortiz (1984), and Whaley, Gardner, Busby (1991).
John Nevil Maskelyne was the most celebrated British stage illusionist of his day and the founder of the Maskelyne dynasty of conjurors. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Games/ CLASSES: 600/
Maskelyne, Jasper (1902-1973) i MagicTop Secret. London: Stanley Paul & Co., 1949, 191pp. LOC: BW; Congress; Oxford; Australian Defence Force Academy. A memoir of the authors military service in WW II. A junior member of the English Maskelyne dynasty of stage illusionists and grandson of the above, Jasper went pro in 1924. Admitted that his ghost-writer had plagiarized fellow magician Will Goldston for one of his books, Secrets of Magic (1929). During WW II as a major in the British Army Camouflage Corps, headed the experimental section in the Mediterranean Theatre, transferring after VE-Day to India. He allowed ghost-writer Frank S. Stuart (a hack for Maskelynes literary agent) to flagrantly and greatly exaggerate the importance of his much more modestly distinguished wartime deception role, which more properly belongs to his boss Col. Barkas (1952) and ultimately Brig. Dudley Clarke (1945). After the war Maskelyne returned to the British stage until retired in 1950 to become a farmer in Kenya. A hopelessly uncritical biography of Maskelynes military service is Fisher (1983). Jaspers early and similarly ghosted autobiography (also by Stuart) is White Magic: The Story of the Maskelynes (1936, 287pp). REV: Constantinides (1983), 319-320, is insufficiently suspicious of Maskelynes book. REV: Stokes (1996), gives the true story. FIELDS: 1-Star/Magic/Military/Biography/
Mason, Christopher (1960- ) iii The Art of the Steal: Inside the Sothebys-Christies Auction House Scandal. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, 2004, ix+406pp. LOC: Palos Verdes PL. On the fine art of bilking rich buyers who foolishly placed their faith on the selfproclaimed reputations of the worlds two leading art auction houses. See also Watson (1997). Mason is an American freelance writer in the arts. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/Antiques/Fraud/
Masterman, J. C. (1891-1977) iiii The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972, 203pp. LOC: BW; Air U. An insiders view. Written at the end of the war as the official classified history of that committee. Published here in slightly abridged form. An important corrective to Mastermans occasional exaggerations is Mure (1980), although Mure sometimes overplays his criticism as pointed out by John Campbell in the below review. See also Wheatley (1980). During WW II Sir John Masterman, an Oxford don and mystery story writer, was a British M.I.5 official and Chairman of the Twenty Committee, so-called from twenty = XX = double-cross.
REV: A. V. Knobelspiesse in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.18 (Spring 1974), 25-40. REV: Constantinides (1983), 321-323. A properly enthusiastic review that rates this perhaps the greatest work yet written on double agents. REV: John Campbell in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.18, No.2 (Summer 2005), 321-353. An appreciative retrospective review that properly defends the XX Committees more severe critics such as Mure (1980). FIELDS: 4-Star/Deception/HUMINT/
iii The Case of the Four Friends: A diversion in pre-detection. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1957, 223pp. LOC: BW; Oxford. Reprinted 1988. PLOT SUMMARY: Three rubbers of bridge at an Oxford Senior Common Room lead to a conversation about guilt. Dr. Ernst Brendel, foreign lawyer and famous criminologist, expounds and proves his theory of pre-detection by citing a case involving four friends. This is the second of Sir Johns two mystery novels, the first, The Oxford Tragedy (1933), having become a minor classic. In this one he invents the concept of pre-detection and coins that term for the detectives prediction and anticipation of a crime. He also proposes his useful mnemonic of the four aces or, as he calls it, the Blackwood Convention. Imitating real life, one of Mastermans four characters had been a wartime double agent. REV: West (2004), 281-282. 3-Star/Fiction/
FIELDS:
Mathams, R. H. iii Sub Rosa: Memoirs of an Australian Intelligence Analyst. Sydney: George Allen & Unwin, 1982, v+127pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno; National Library of Australia; Cambridge. Memoirs and reflections on the profession of intelligence analysis in Australia since WW II when Robert Harry Mathams was assigned to Battalion Intelligence. In 1955 he became the first scientific intelligence analyst in the Australian Joint Intelligence Bureau. For more on scientific intelligence analysis see Wright (1987). REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 52. Recommended. FIELDS: 3-Star/Australia/
i The Intelligence Analysts Notebook, Working Paper, No.151 (Australian National University, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Feb 1988). Reprinted in Dearth & Gooddens (1995), 77-96. A dull but adequate textbook. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL-analysis/
Matsulenko, Maj. Gen, V[ictor] A[antonovich], and others iii Camouflage: A Soviet View. Washington, DC: Department of the Air Force, 1989, vii+287pp. Translated and published under the auspices of the US Air Force. LOC: NPS; Stanford; National Library of Scotland; Australian Defence Force Academy. Translates two Soviet works:
V. A. Matsulenko, Operational Camouflage of the Troops (1972-1975). A. A. Bectov, A. P. Belokon, S. G. Chermashentsev, Camouflage of Actions by Ground Force Subunits (1976). The first piece, a set of articles, covers Soviet deception in World War Two. The second work covers camouflage measures appropriate for small units. Professor and Dr. of Historical Science Matsulenko was a prominent Soviet military historian. Col. (Ret) Belokon was an academic student of military science. I dont know the vitas of his co-authors. See also Armstrong (1988). CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/Camouflage/Russia/
Matthews, Brander (1852-1929) The Ethics of Plagiarism. 1886. i Reprinted in the authors Pen and Ink: Papers on Subjects of More or Less Importance (3rd edition, New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1902), 25-52. Matthews (1874 Columbia University A.M.) was a prominent American theater critic and, from 1891-1924, drama professor at Columbia University. FIELDS: 1-Star/Plagiarism/Ethics/
Poe and the Detective-story, Scribners Magazine, Vol.42 (Sep 1907), 287-293. i Reprinted in the authors Inquires and Opinions (New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1907), 111-136. LOC: U of Oregon. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/Biography/
Matthews, Robert A. J. (1959- ) iii "The Interrogator's Fallacy," Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications, Vol.31 (1994), 3-5. LOC: BW (copy); Oxford. The seminal paper on this topic, showing how Bayesian statistics can help judge the truthfulness of confessions. Matthews is an English physicist (1984 MA Oxford) and leading science journalist. REV: Stewart (1996) gives a readable exposition. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/Statistics/Bayes/
iii Fact versus Factions: the use and abuse of subjectivity in scientific research, in Julian Morris (editor), Rethinking Risk and the Precautionary Principle (Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000), 247-282. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. An intelligent defense of the subjective aspects of science and scientists and an advocacy of Bayesian inference as an effective way of dealing with this problem. Based
on a paper for the European Science and Environment Forum. See also Matthews (2001). FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Statistics/Bayes/
iii "Why should clinicians care about Bayesian methods?," Journal of Statistical Planning & Inference, Vol.94 (2001), 43-58. LOC: BW (copy). One of the clearer explanation of Bayesian statistics I've found. See also Taroni (1999) and Leonhardt (2001). FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Statistics/Bayes/
Maugham, W. Somerset (1874-1965) ii Ashenden or The British Agent. London: W. Heinemann, 1928, 304p. LOC: Oxford. A collection of 16 loosely connected short stories. All involve British intelligence officer, Ashenden, although only 11 have secret service plots. By stressing psychology over action and inconclusiveness these are about as realistic as spy fiction ever gets. Also highly rated for realism by former CIA Director Allen Dulles. Although Mr. Maugham himself obstinately referred to Ashenden as a novel, it clearly isnt a fact silently conceded by the author when he included four chapters in his 1957 short story collection. English novelist and master short-story writer Maugham had served during World War One with M.I.1(c) as their station chief in Geneva (1915), the Pacific (1916), and for three months in Russia (1917). At that point Maugham was invalided out with Tuberculosis. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/ Maurer, Alfred C., Marion D. Tunstall, and James M. Keagle (editors) i Intelligence: Policy and Process. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1985, xi+401pp. LOC: NPS; www.questia.com. A collection of 20 articles plus a bibliographical essay. See particularly the reprints of Herbig & Daniel (1985) and Handel (1985). Major Maurer, a career signals officer, was an assistant professor of political science at the U.S. Air Force Academy. Capt. Tunstall and Capt. Dr. Keagle were also on the AF Academy faculty. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/
Maurer, David W. (1906-1981) iiii The Big Con: The Story of the Confidence Man & the Confidence Game. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1940, 300pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Reprinted with a new introduction by Luc Sante, New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1999, xiv+314pp. LOC: BW. The author was a distinguished linguist who specialized in jargons of the American underworld. This book inspired the Newman-Redford movie, The Sting (1973) and a consequent lawsuit for plagiarism, which was settled by copyright transfer to Universal Studios.
For more on con artistry see Gibson (1927), Norfleet (1927), Van Cise (1936), Weil (1948), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Carey & Sherman (1976), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), Abagnale (2000), and Marlock (2001). REV: Yves Barbero in Bay Area Skeptics Information Sheet, Vol.17, No.6 (Mar 2000), 24. Highly favorable. Concludes (p.4): By learning how cons were done in a long-gone world, one can develop a sense of what is happening today. The techniques may differ, but the psychology is the same. FIELDS: 4-Star/Con/
ii Whiz Mob: A Correlation of the Technical Argot of Pickpockets with Their Behavior Patterns. New Haven: College and University Press, 1955, 216pp. LOC: Oxford. See also Campion (1957). FIELDS: 2-Star/Theft/
ii The American Confidence Man. Springfield, IL: Charles Thomas Publishing Co., 1974, 316pp. A more academic rewrite, aimed at law-enforcement types, of his earlier classic, The Big Con (1940). FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/
ii Language of the Underworld. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1981, 417pp. The author's collected articles on the jargon of cheaters, including pickpockets, circus & carnival folk, faro bank dealers, 3 shell game mobs, dice hustlers, con men, etc. See also Whaley (1989 & 2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/Dictionary/
Maurice, Emperor of Byzantium (reigned 582-602) The Strategikon. Written around 600 AD. iiii George T. Dennis (translator), Maurices Strategikon: Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984, xxiii+178pp. LOC: BW. A superb textbook on war, more detailed and comprehensive than Sun Tzu. Much wise advice on deception, surprise, espionage. A later revision is Leo (ca.910). See also Dennis (1985). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Byzantium/HUMINT/
Maurice, Major-General Sir F[rederick Barton] (1871-1951) iii British Strategy: A Study of the Application of the Principles of War. London: Constable & Co., Ltd., 1929, xvi+243pp. Introduction by Field-Marshal Sir G. Milne, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff. LOC: Pentagon; Stanford; Cambridge. American facsimile edition as Principles of Strategy: A Study of the Application of the Principles of War. New York: Richard R. Smith, 1930, xvi+243pp. LOC: Congress. A major study by the Professor of Military Studies in the University of London. Includes an excellent section on surprise and deception: Chapter X (The Principle of Surprise), 191-214. Based on a series of scholarly and perceptive lectures Maurice delivered during 1927-28 in the University of London and at the Staff College. Maurice was an unusually perceptive and scholarly student of military history. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Surprise/Military/Britain/
Mawby, Ronald, and Robert W. Mitchell (1958- ) iii Feints and Ruses: An Analysis of Deception in Sports, in Mitchell & Thompson (1986), 313-322. Dr. Mawby was on the faculty and Mitchell was then a doctoral candidate in psychology at Clark University. FIELDS: 3-Star/Sports/
Maxim, L. Daniel, Mary E. Walsh, Donald C. Daniel, Katherine L. Herbig, Barton S. Whaley iii Deception Maxims: Fact and Folklore. Washington DC: Deception Research Program, Office of Research and Development, CIA, Jan 1981. LOC: BW (June 1979 edition); Army War College (anonymous 1980 edition); Air University (anonymous Feb 1981 ed, 53pp); Naval War College (anonymous 1980 edition); National Defense U (anonymous 1980 edition); Naval Academy (anonymous 1980 edition); US Army Military History Institute (Apr 1980, 53pp, anonymous edition). A grab-bag but with much food for thought. Constantinides commented: This is a commendable piece of work, high in quality and presented in language devoid of any pretension or scholarly jargon. ... a pathfinding work. Circulated in at least three virtually identical versions: Jun 1979, anonymously in Apr 1980 (53pp), anonymously in Jan 1981, and reportedly again in Jun 1981. Conceived, compiled, and edited by Dr. L. Daniel Dan Maxim, VP of the Mathtech division of Mathematica and director of the joint Mathtech-CIA Deception Research Project in Dr. Mary Walshs shop at the CIAs Rosslyn, Virginia, facility. See also Heuer (1982) and Pfaltzgraff & Sawicki (2002). REV: Constantinides (1983), 117-118. Highly favorable. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Folklore/
May, Ernest R. (1928- ) ________, (editor) ii Knowing Ones Enemies: Intelligence Assessment before the Two World Wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984, xiii+561pp. LOC: NPS; LSE. A collection of 16 articles.
Dr. May is a distinguished Harvard Professor of American History specialized in national security and intelligence matters. He has been a consultant to the JCS and was senior adviser to the 9/11 Commission. REV: Philip Towle in Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.9, No.1 (1986), 97. REV: Paul Seabury in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1986), 119-124. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/
ii Strange Victory: Hitlers Conquest of France. New York: Hill and Wang, 2000, 594pp. LOC: NPS. A revisionist view of the role of intelligence in the German surprise attack in 1940. REV: Jefferson Adams in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.14, No.3 (Fall 2001), 421-423. Highly favorable. FIELDS: 2-Star/France/Germany/Surprise/
i Was vanity the spur?, Times Literary Supplement (26 Apr 2002), 8. LOC: BW. May uses the recent Wen Ho Lee and Robert Hanssen security detection fiascos of, respectively, the Department of Energy and FBI to illustrate his depressing thesis that security units tend to employ the worst, the dumbest, and the least rational. While this sounds plausible, his evidence is entirely anecdotal and too skimpy to be more than an hypothesis worth serious study, particularly by any organization worried about its security leaks. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Security/
Godson, May, & Schmitt (1995)
May, Rollo (1909-1994) i The Courage to Create. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1975, 143pp. Disappointingly thin essays on creativity by a prominent American humanist psychiatrist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/
Maynard Smith, John (1920-2004) ii "Why fruitflies dance: The variety and reliability of animal signals," Times Literary Supplement (3 Aug 2001), 11-12. LOC: BW. Interesting thoughts on how and why animals deceive. See also Mitchell & Thompson (1986), Byrne & Whiten (1988), Whiten & Byrne (1997), and G. F. Miller (2001). Maynard Smith was an estimable English evolutionary biologist and ex-Marxist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Zoology/Evolution/
Mazzoni, Gianni iii Quadri antichi del Novecento [Ancient 20th Century Paintings]. Vicenza, Italy: Neri Pozza, 2001, 496pp. LOC: Getty; U of Houston. On modern forgeries of Italian paintings, particularly those by Icilio Federico Joni (18661946). See also Joni (1932). Mazzoni is a distinguished Italian art historian in Siena. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/
iii Falsi dautore: Icilio Federico Joni e la cultura del falso tra Otto e Novecento. [Fakes by Master Artists.] Siena: Protagon Editori, 2004, 247pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Notre Dame. Catalog of the exhibition curated by Mazzoni of the works of Italian art forger Joni held at the Santa Maria della Scala Museum, Siena, 18 Jun 2004 - 9 Jan 2005. See also Williams (2004). REV: Morris (2004) is a detailed review. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/
Mearsheimer, John J. (1947- ) Liddell Hart and the Weight of History. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986, xi+234pp. LOC: BW3; Monterey Institute of International Studies. This is a vicious attack on Britains leading modern military theorist, Capt. B. H. Liddell Hart (1895-1970). Fair enoughthe man invited controversy and could be infuriating, particularly as he was usually right. But this particular assault is not only mean-minded but largely wrong. Read but dont buy. See also Bond (1977) and Castel (2003). See instead Gat (1996) and Gat (2001), 643-828. Dr. Mearsheimer (1981 Cornell PhD in Political Science; 1970 West Point BS) has professed political science at the University of Chicago since 1982. FIELDS: 0-Star/Military/Biography/
i Lying in International Politics. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, 2-5 Sep 2004. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/Diplomacy/
Medawar, P. B. (1915-1987) ii The Art of the Soluble. London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1967, 160pp. LOC: Stanislaus State College (Calif.). A collection of 8 of the authors previously published articles. Sir Peter Medawar, a British biologist, received the 1960 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his work on immunology, work that helped make transplant surgery successful. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/
ii Advice to a Young Scientist. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1979, xv+109pp. LOC: Palm Springs PL. On the qualities desired if one seeks an enjoyable and successful career in any of the
sciences. Relevant here because Medawars advice is just as applicable to detectives in general and intelligence and counterdeception analysts in particular. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/
i The Threat and the Glory: Reflections on Science and Scientists. New York: HarperCollins, 1990, xix+291pp. LOC; Palm Springs PL. Another collection of Medawars stimulating reviews and essays. FIELDS: 1-Star/Science/
Medford, Harold (1911-1977) ii Target Unknown. 1951. Universal, Black & White, 90 minutes. Director: George Sherman. Writer: Harold Medford. Stars: Mark Stevens (as Capt. Steve Stevens), Gig Young (Capt. Reisner). Fictional Hollywood suspense war movie. In 1944 Capt. Stevens bomber is shot down and he and his crew taken prisoner. Their German interrogators attempt to velvet-glovetrick them into disclosing the place & time of an up-coming USAF bombing raid. Although fictional, a technically accurate account of Luftwaffe interrogation methods used with POW Allied aircrew during World War Two. The scriptwriter, Harold Medford, was an American radio, movie, and TV writer of thrillers & mysteries since 1941. In the latter part of WW II he was a master sergeant with US Army Air Force film production unit (FMPU) in Culver City, California. I assume that the 400 training, morale, & propaganda films made by the FMPU included some on how downed air crews could evade capture, escape their captors, and resist interrogation. Perhaps Medford had been involved. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/Cinema/Interrogation/ Meehl, Paul E. (1920-2003) ii Clinical versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1954, 149pp. FIELDS: 2-Star/Statistics/Anecdote/
iii Reprinted in PB, Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson Inc., 1996, xviii+149pp, with Meehls Preface to the 1996 Printing. Landmark study that showed subjective clinical predictions of behavior to be generally far less accurate than their practitioners (and others) believe. Moreover, the data showed these subjective judgments to be somewhat less accurate that objective statistical scores. Most later studies confirm Dr. Meehls original survey of 20 cases. See also his own defense and clarification of this book in Meehl (1973), 165-173; and Dawes, Faust, & Meehl (1989). Dr. Meehl (PhD in psych, U of Minnesota) was a distinguished American clinical psychologist. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Statistics/Anecdote/
ii Law and the Fireside Inductions: Some Reflections of a Clinical Psychologist, Journal of Social Issues, Vol.27, No.4 (1971), 65-100. LOC: BW (copy); NPS. Famous essay that attempts to balance the arguments for-and-against judgments (what some jurists call fireside inductions) based only on anecdotal or common-sense evidence. Meehl gives the strongest defense of anecdotal (when based on empirical fact) as against scientific evidence that I have found. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/Anecdote/
ii Psychodiagnosis: Selected Papers. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1973, xxii+359pp. LOC: U of Central Florida. A collection of 13 of Meehl's early papers. See also Kahneman, Slovic, Tversky (1982) and Shanteau, Mellers, Schum (1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/Psychotherapy/
Meek, Victor (1901-1980) ii Cops and Robbers. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd., 1962, 158pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Sam Houston State U ((Huntsville, TX). Autobiographical reminiscences of a two-decade career in the London police. Meek, maverick and a bit of a whistle-blower, served with the Metropolitan Police 1927-47. A working-class man, he rose through the ranks to end his 20-year career in Londons Metropolitan Police with the rank of inspector and then as a private detective. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/Biography/
iii Private Enquires: A Handbook for Detectives. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co., Ltd., 1967, xi+204pp. Foreword by Sir John Nott-Bower. LOC: UC-Davis; Fresno State; Oxford. On private detectives in London but with much fine general advice for all types of detectives anywhere. FIELDS: 3-Star/Investigation/PI/
Meinertzhagen, Colonel R[ichard] (1878-1967) iiiii Army Diary, 1899-1926. Edinburgh & London: Oliver and Boyd, 1960, 301pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley; MIT; Oxford. Superb diary-plus-memoir of Britishs most inventive and successful deception planneroperator of the Great War, serving in the East African and Palestine campaigns. He was the inspiration for Field-Marshall Wavell who at the outset of WW II became the mentor of Brigadier Dudley Clarke and thence to Col. John Henry Bevan and Sir John Masterman in London and from them to the American Army.
Some recent biographers of Lawrence of Arabia have challenged Meinertzhagens general veracity in this and his other fine diaries. On the contrary I find that of his five most outlandish stories, two are fully and independently verified and one (about Lawrence) is half supported (by Lawrence himself). The other two challenges remain in limbo awaiting further research. In the meantime my money remains on Miner. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CL/R&D/CI/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Deception/Military/Britain/Biography/ 600/603/
Melchior, Ib (1917- ) ii Case by Case: A U.S. Army Counterintelligence Agent in World War II. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1993, 352pp. LOC: BW. A fine example of a detective who is repeatedly driven forward to solutions by vague feelings of unease. Moreover, as Jeff Busby also points out, Melchoir and his partner worked well together as each other's "ombudsmen." The Danish-born author, son of Metropolitan Opera Wagnerian tenor Lauritz Melchior, served in the OSS 1942-43 and in U.S. Army CIC 1943-45 in the European Theater. Then a thriller writer (better than the average) and Hollywood writer-directorproducer best known for his science fiction. A biography is Robert Skotak, Ib Melchior: Man of Imagination (2001). REV: Michael L. Wardinski in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.7, No.1 (Spring 1994), 124-126. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterintel/Biography/
Mele, Alfred R. (1951- ) ii Self-Deception Unmasked. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001, xi+148pp. A useful but controversial theory that attempts to untangle and resolve the so-called paradoxes infecting this subject. Recommended by Frank Stech. Al Mele, an American philosopher, had been studying self-deception for 20 years. Since 2000 he has been a Professor of Philosophy at Florida State University. REV: Kent Bach in Philosophical Psychology, Vol.15, No.2 (2002), 203-206. A damning critique. Concludes that there is much of interest in this book, even to those well-read on self-deception and disabused of its paradoxes. FIELDS: 2-Star/Self-deception/
Melvern, Linda, Nick Anning, and David Hebditch i Techno-Bandits. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1984, vi+313pp. LOC: NPS. On the international trade in high technology, including Soviet and Soviet Bloc efforts at industrial espionage in the West. Based mainly on many hundreds of interviews. See also Weiss (1996). Melvern, a prominent British investigative journalist, left The Sunday Times (London) in 1982 to write this book, her first. REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 52. Recommended. FIELDS: 1-Star/TECHINT/HUMINT-industry/
Melville, Fred[erick] J[ohn] (1882-1940) ii Phantom Philately. A Descriptive List of Stamps that are not what they seem. London: The Philatelic Institute, 1923, 204pp. LOC: Oxford. Facsimile reprinted Lucerne, Switzerland: Emile Bertrand, 1950, 204pp. Foreword by Lowell Ragatz. LOC: U of Alabama. A well-researched catalog (alphabetical by country) of dozens of phantasy postage stamps, that is stamp designs that no government ever actually sold for postage. See also Ragatz (1953). Author of this early reference book was a leading English expert on stamp collecting. FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/
Memon, Amina ________, Aldert Vrij, and Ray Bull iii Psychology and Law: Truthfulness, Accuracy and Credibility. London: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1998, xi+237pp. LOC: BW; St. Thomas U. On the authenticity of testimony of victims, witnesses, and suspects. See also Gudjonsson (1992). Dr. Memon is a PhD in social psychology at Southampton U. Prof. Bull and Dr. Vrij were then psychologists at Portsmouth U. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Psychology/Law/
Vrij (2000)
________, and Ray Bull (editors) iii Handbook of the Psychology of Interviewing. Chichester, England: John Wiley, 1999, xv+363pp. LOC: Florida Atlantic U. Revised paperback, 2000, 384pp. A collection of 21 papers. See also Fisher & Geiselman (1992). FIELDS: 3-Star/Interrogation/
Mendax, Fritz [pseudonym of Hubert Schrade] (1900-1967) Aus der Welt der Flscher [From the World of the Forger]. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1953, 306pp. i English translation by H. S. Whitman as Art Fakes and Forgeries. London: Werner Laurie, 1955, 222pp; New York: Philosophical Library,1956, 222pp. LOC: BW; Cleveland PL; Columbia. Also translated into French (1956) and Dutch (1956). A light-hearted, inconsequential, popular romp. Schrade was a prolific German art historian and critic. He managed to hold major positions in the post-war West German art world despite having set himself firmly in the Nazi camp by his blatant paean to Hitler, Die deutsche Nationaldenkmal (1934), on the occasion of the Party Rally in Nuremberg. FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/
Mendell, Ronald L. ii Investigating Computer Crime: A Primer For Security Managers. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd., 1998, 186pp. Author is a private consultant in the corporate security field. See also Karger (1987), Clark & Diliberto (1996), and Schneier (2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/
Mendelsohn, John (1928-1986) (general editor) ii The History of the Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC). New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1989, various pagings. Published as Vol.11 of Garlands Covert Warfare series. LOC: NPS; British L; LSE. A collection of the U.S. Armys CIC wartime papers (1939-45) from the U.S. National Archives. Mendelsohn was the general editor of the 18-volume series on Covert Warfare: Intelligence, Counterintelligence, and Military Deception During the World War II Era based on declassified Allied WW II documents and issued by Garland Publishing. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterintel/
i Basic Deception and the Normandy Invasion. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1989, [324pp]. Introduction by Harold C. Deutsch (1904- ). Published as Vol.15 of Garlands Covert Warfare series. LOC: NPS; Florida State U; LSE. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/
ii From Normandy into the Reich. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1989, xiii+4 files. Introduction by Edwin R. Coffee. Published as Vol.16 of Garlands Covert Warfare series. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. On U.S. Army tactical deception operations on the Continent 1944-45, three by the American 23rd Headquarters Special Troops and one by U.S. 6th Army Groups 2nd Tactical Headquarters A Force. See also Official History 23rd (1945). FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/USA/
iii The German View of Cover and Deception. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.,1989, xi+[379pp]. Published as Vol.17 of Garlands Covert Warfare series. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; Florida State U; LSE. Their theory and practice during World War II (1939-45). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/601/ 3-Star/Deception/Germany/
iii Cover and Deception by the Royal Air Force in World War II. New York: Garland, 1989, xii+274pp. Introduction by Robin E. Cookson. Published as Vol.18 of Garlands Covert Warfare series. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. On RAF ground deceptions, including decoys. This volume consists entirely of the full text of Royal Air Force Deception in World War II (TOP SECRET), which seems to be an
RAF document, although the editors fail to make this key point explicit. See also Dobinson (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Britain/
Mendez, Antonio J. (1940- ), and Malcolm McConnell iiii The Master of Disguise: My Secret Life in the CIA. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1999, xvi+351pp. LOC: BW. Also in PB. An authentic and important book despite its off-putting title, frequently tacky thriller dialog, rah-rah attitude, andshame on his editors trashy editing and overblown jacket blurbs. Tony Mendez, an amateur magician, was recruited by the CIA in 1965 as a graphic artist to forge documents. Was Chief of Disguise in the Agencys Office of Technical Services (OTS) until 1990 when, after 25 years service with the agency, he retired. This book became the basis of a moderately good TV documentary on the Discovery Channel, titled The Master of Deception (2000). See also Hutton (1960) and Alexander & Smith (2003). REV: Steinmeyer (2002). REV: Richard W. Shyryock in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.4 (Winter 2003-2004), 685-695. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Camouflage/Biography/
________, and Jonna (1945- ), with Bruce Henderson iii Spy Dust: Two Masters of Disguise Reveal the Tools and Operations That Helped Win the Cold War. New York: Atria Books, 2002, viii+306pp. LOC: BW. This book fulfills its subtitle although in that sensationalized style insisted on by massmarket and most other publishers. Jonna Mendez, wife of Antonio, entered the CIA in 1966 and served until her retirement in 1993 as Chief of Disguise, in which capacity shed succeeded Antonio. Henderson was a freelance non-fiction writer. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.47, No.1 (2003), 88-89. Concludes: For those who want a sense of what really takes place in the field when magicians from the Office of Technical Services are involved, Spy Dust is a rewarding experience. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Camouflage/
Menkel-Meadow, Carrie, [and] Michael Wheeler (1943- ) (editors) iii Whats Fair: Ethics for Negotiators. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004, xlix+542pp. LOC: NPS. A collection of 31 articles on the subject. Most relevant are Schweitzer & Croson (2004) and Bok (2004). The editors are, respectively, a Georgetown Law Center law professor and a Harvard professor of management. FIELDS: 3-Star/Ethics/Diplomacy/
Mercado, Stephen C. ii Hermit Surfers of Pyongyang, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.40, No.1 (2000), 39-44. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. On Internet use by the government in North Korea. Mercado is an analyst with the FBIS in the CIAs Directorate of Science and Technology and a specialist on East Asia. FIELDS: 2-Star/OSINT/Internet/Korea/
iii Reexamining the Distinction Between Open Information and Secrets, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.49, No.2 (2005). LOC: BW (copy); Internet. A vigorous defense of open source intelligence (OSINT) which concludes that Open sources often equal or surpass classified information in monitoring such pressing problems as terrorism, proliferation, and counterintelligence. FIELDS: 3-Star/OSINT/Terrorism/
Merglen, Albert (1915- ) ii Surprise Warfare: Subversive, Airborne and Amphibious Operations. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1968, 212pp. Translated by Kenneth Morgan. LOC: BW; NPS; Oxford. An enthusiastic advocacy of surprise. Solid case studies but no theory. Col. (later Gen.) Merglen was a French paratrooper and teacher of its practice. Translation of the authors original La Guerre de lInattendu (1966). See also Betts (1982) and Craigie (1991). FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Military/
Merkle, Ralph C. (1952- ) SEE UNDER: Diffie (1992) Merton, Robert K. (1910-2003) ii The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973, xxxi+605pp. Edited by Norman W. Storer. A collection of articles by the amateur magician (as Robert Merlin) and distinguished Professor of Sociology at Columbia University. See also Sorokin (1956), Popper (1959), Kuhn (1962), Brown (2001), and Haack (2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Sociology/
________, and Elinor Barber ( -1999) Viaggi e avventure della serendipity: saggio di semantica sociologica e sociologia della scienza. Bologna: Il mulino, 2002, xi+469pp. Introduzione di James L. Shulman. Postfazione di Robert K. Merton. Translated by Maria Luisa Bassi. LOC: U of Bologna. iii English re-translation as The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity: A Study in Sociological Semantics and the Sociology of Science. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004, 313pp. Foreword by James L. Shulman. Afterword by Robert K. Merton. LOC: BW3; Monterey PL; Oxford.
A charming book that traces the word serendipity from its coinage in 1754 to its current vogue. Particularly important to us here because it reports (pp.1-21) early uses of retroduction in drawing logical inferences. See also Voltaire (1748). Merton & Barbers manuscript had been finished in 1958 but delayed in publication until 2002 and then, only through the intervention of Mertons colleague, Professor Umberto Eco, first in Italian translation. It was unrevised except for adding a short preface by Shulman and a lengthy postface by Merton. The late Dr. Elinor G. Barber, an historian, had been a research associate at Columbia at the time of this book collaboration with Merton. REV: Andrew Scull, Silly Fairies, Times Literary Supplement (18 Jun 2004), 4-5. Informative. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Folklore/
Meuwly, Didier, Pierre A. Margot iii Fingermarks, shoesole and footprint impressions, tire impressions, ear impressions, toolmarks, lipmarks, bitemarks: A review (Sept 1998-Aug 2001), a paper presented at the 13th Interpol Forensic Science Symposium, Lyon, France, 16-19 Oct 2001. 52pp. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Frank discussion of the poor state of databases of these several forensic measurements by two PhD criminalists at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. See also Katterwe (1999). FIELDS: 3-Star/Impressions/Fingerprints/Dentistry/ Meyer, Karl E. (1928- ) iii The Plundered Past. New York: Atheneum, 1973, xxv+353pp. LOC: BW. An American reporters account of the illegal international trade in antiquities and works of art. Revised version of a three-part article that originally appeared in The New Yorker. Its 350-item bibliography is the first major one on this specialized subject. See also Hamblin (1970) and Muscarella (2000), 22-23. Dr. Meyer (Princeton PhD in politics) had been the Washington Posts bureau chief in London and New York for 15 years before resigning in 1971 to do full-time research on this book. It had itself been inspired during his research on his previous book, The Pleasures of Archaeology (1970), when he became aware of the illegal traffic in ancient artifacts. FIELDS: 3-Star/Archaeology/Theft/
Micheels, Peter A. (1945- ) ii Heat: The Fire Investigators and Their War on Arson and Murder. New York: St. Martins Press, 1991, 239pp. LOC: BW. Oral history of New York Citys Bureau of Fire Investigation, based mainly on 8 interviews with eight of the FDNYs 239 fire marshals. A useful introduction to the subject. See also Bouquard (1983), Cooke & Ide (1985), and Faith (1999). The author is a psychologist and a New Yorker. FIELDS: 2-Star/Arson/
ii The Detectives. New York: St. Martins Press, 1994, 251pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW. Oral history of the NYPD Detective Division that reports interviews with eight of its then 4,250 members. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/
Mihalka, Michael (1949- ) ii German Strategic Deception in the 1930s. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, 1980, xiii+116pp. Published as RAND Note N-1557-NA. LOC: Air U; Cambridge. A study prepared for Andrew Marshall, Director of Net Assessment. Whaley (1984), by taking a wider historical perspective (1919-39), reveals the first half of Germanys twophase strategic deception overlooked by Mihalka. Dr. Mihalka had been with RAND since 1977 and more recently as a Professor Of East European History at the Marshall Center for Security Studies in Germany. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Germany/
ii Soviet Strategic Deception, 1955-1981 Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.5, No.1 (Mar 1982), 40-93. LOC: BW; NPS. Concludes (p.90) that the Soviets used strategic deception in a systematic fashion since 1955. At that time, although weak, they portrayed themselves as stronger than the USA. But this policy backfired by stimulating the USA into large scale rearmament. So Brezhnev switched in the early 1970s to a strategy that portrayed a low profile parity to lull the USA. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Military/Russia/
Milgram, Stanley (1933-1984) ii A Behavioral Study of Obedience, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 67, No.4 (1963), 371-378. Often reprinted in textbooks. The American social psychologists stunning experiment demonstrating the willingness of ordinary people to commit monstrous acts for the sake of obedience to authority. This is an enlarged revision of Milgrams seminal mimeographed paper, Dynamics of Obedience (Washington: 1961). See also Korn (1997), 97-112; and Zimbardo (2003). Dr. Milgram took a Harvard PhD in Social Psychology in 1960. Then taught at Yale. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
ii The Small World Problem, Psychology Today, Vol.2 (May 1967), 60-67. Milgrams influential and often cited contribution to the study of interpersonal communication and influence networks. Three decades later Kleinfeld (2001) discovered that Milgram had fudged his statistics by suppressing all unfavorable data. Still this would only slightly increase the number of hypothesized "degrees of separation".
Currently Duncan Watts and James Moody are, independently of each other, replicating the Small World study on much larger scales with somewhat better statistical designs. See also Pool & Kochen (1958/1979), Whaley (1961), Gardner (1972), Kochen (1989), Watts (1999 & 2003), and Kleinfeld (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Networks/
Miller, David (editor) i Tell Me Lies: Propaganda and Media Distortion in the Attack on Iraq. London: Pluto Press, 2004, x+310pp. LOC: NPS. Miller was a British media researcher. FIELDS: 1-Star/PSYOPS/Media/
Miller, David J. (1956- ), and Michel Hersen (editors) ii Research Fraud in the Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992, xii+251pp. A collection of 12 papers by 13 psychologists, psychiatrists, and lawyers. See also Broad & Wade (1982), Kohn (1986), and Gratzer (2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Medicine/Fraud/
Miller, Geoffrey F. (1965- ) iii Protean primates: The evolution of adaptive unpredictability in competition and courtship, in Whiten & Byrne (1997), 312-340. LOC: BW. Important paper on deceptive tactics during pursuit and evasion among primates and, if Millers theory is on as useful a track as I suspect, very important. See also Mitchell & Thompson (1986), Byrne & Whiten (1988), Maynard Smith (2001). Dr. Miller did his doctoral dissertation in 1993 in cognitive psychology at Stanford on the subject of protean courtship. FIELDS: 3-Star/Evolution/
ii "Mate choice: from sexual cues to cognitive adaptations," in Bock & Cardew (1997), 71-82, plus discussion on 82-87. LOC: BW (copy); U of Miami. FIELDS: 2-Star/Evolution/
iiii The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature. New York: Doubleday, 2000, 514pp. LOC: BW. Translations into Chinese, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, and Portuguese. Elaboration and extension of the above work. Argues that we must recognize that Darwin didn't just posit "survival of the fittest" but also propagation of the sexiest. Miller argues that it is the evolutionary pressure of such sexually attractive characteristics as humor, song, random creativity, etc. that determined the direction and speed of
development of the human brain. Dawkins and others think he may be right and provocatively important even if wrong. See also Maynard Smith (2001) and Pinker (1997 & 2002). Dr. Miller, an American, worked in evolutionary psychology at University College, London University, prior to taking a position as an Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of New Mexico. REV: Margaret A. Boden in Nature, Vol.405, No.6786 (1 Jun 2000), 512-513. An exhilarating example of joined-up thinking. Favorable but cautious. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Evolution/
Miller, George A. (1920- ) iiiii The Magic Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information, Psychological Review, Vol.63 (1956), 81-97. LOC: BW (copy); http://www.well.com/user/smalin/miller.html. First to suggest the limit of 7 2 bits for the human brains short-term memorys ability to process information at any one time on one subject. However, as Miller points out, this limit can be practically extended by chunking data into larger units (such as a theory or model) before processing. But the number of chunks that can be handled in immediate memory is still 7 2. Prof. Jerome Bruner (1983, p.97) gave this article his highest accolade: I think if there were a retrospective Nobel Prize in Psychology for the mid1980s, George Miller would win it hands downand on the basis of [this] one article (although he had lots of other arrows in his quiver). To my mind the best critique of Millers model is Julesz (1995), 28-29. See also Attneave (1959), 77-78. Miller was an unusually creative American psychologist. This paper, a landmark in cognitive science, is neatly discussed in Bruner (1983), 97-98; and Gregory (1981), 161. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 5-Star/Logic/INTEL/
Miller, Gerald R. (1931- ), and James B. Stiff iii Deceptive Communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1993, 131pp. Also in PB. LOC: U of Florida; U of Miami; U of Hong Kong. A fine survey of the many questions and the few but promising answers from the research literature in social psych and interpersonal communications. See also Pinker (1997 & 2002). Dr. Miller, a Professor of Communication at MSU, has been researching deceptive communications since 1975. Stiff is at Arizona State University. FIELDS: 3-Star/Communication/
Miller, Hugh (1937- ) i Traces of Guilt: forensic science and the fight against crime. London: BBC Books, 1995, 192pp. Also in PB. A weak and overly credulous popular account. This book accompanied the 1995 BBCTV series of that title. See also Evans (1996) and Ragle (1995).
The author, a Scot, is a novelist, film writer, and writer of conjuring booklets (9), crime fiction (The Dissectors & Skin Deep), and fact-crime. This last was an outgrowth of his work during 1960-62 as technical and photographic assistant to a forensic pathologist at the University of Glasgow. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
i Forensic Fingerprints: Remarkable Real-Life Murder Cases Solved by Forensic Detection. London: Headline, 1998, 242pp; American edition as What the Corpse Revealed: Murder and the Science of Forensic Detection. New York: St. Martins Press, 1999, xii+242pp. LOC: BW. Also in PB. Another weak popular account. Sixteen international cases from Britain, USA, Argentina, Spain, Italy, and Hungary give it some value for building a cross-cultural data base. FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/Cultures/
Miller, James M. (1933- ) ii Chromatography: Concepts and Contrasts. Second Edition, Hoboken, NJ: WileyInterscience, 2005, xxvi+490pp. LOC: Brigham Young U; British L. Current standard textbook on the analysis of chemicals by chromatography, a laboratory process whereby substances in a liquid or gaseous mixture are separated and identified. A common tool of forensic scientists. Dr. Miller is an Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at Drew University (Madison, NJ). FIELDS: 2-Star/Chemistry/
Miller, William Ian (1946- ) i Faking It. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, xi+290pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. On questions of identity, self-doubt, authenticity, and social role that admittedly plague the self-absorbed author. An interesting, even plausible, cognitive theory of hypocrisy in our everyday lives but unfortunately supported only by anecdotal evidence. See also Goffman (1957) and Gitter (1963). Miller is an Icelandic scholar and law professor at the University of Michigan Law School. FIELDS: 1-Star/Hypocrisy/
Mills, John FitzMaurice (1917-1991) ii How to Detect Fake Antiques. London: Arlington Books, 1972, 88pp; reprinted New York: Desmond Elliott Publisher, 1980, 88pp. LOC: BW. A popular but sound account of the who, what, where, when, why, and how of fake antiques of all kinds.
The author was a noted Irish painter & restorer of paintings, writer, and broadcaster. FIELDS: 2-Star/Antiques/
________, and John M. Mansfield ii The Genuine Article: The Making and Unmasking of Fakes and Forgeries. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1979, 240pp. LOC: BW. An extended and updated version of the above. Covers faked and forged ceramics, coins, furniture, jewelry, ivory, paintings & prints, scientific instruments, sculpture, ivory, postage stamps, textiles, and manuscripts. Mills collaborated with Mansfield of the BBCs science features staff. Based on the 1978 seven-part BBC series at a half-hour each, which the two men had recently presented. See also Peterson (1975), Carter (1995), Bly (2002), and Chervenka (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Stamps/Coins/ Mindell, David A. ii between human and machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing before Cybernetics. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002, xiv+439pp. LOC: Evergreen State College (Olympia, WA). The history of engineered feedback control systems that preceded and influenced Wieners cybernetics to a significantly greater degree than the Wiener legend would have us believe. See also Wiener (1948). Dr. Mindell (1996 MIT PhD) is Professor of the History of Engineering and Manufacturing at MIT where he has taught since 1996. FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/
Mindess, Harvey (1928- ) iii The Use and Abuse of Humour in Psychotherapy, in Chapman & Foot (1976), 331-341. An American psychologist and psychotherapists deeply critical take on shrinkage and its tendency to deny that humor can help clients deal with reality. Happily Dr. Mindess hasnt let his professional training destroy his sense of humor, albeit juvenile. Perhaps this is because he openly rejects all rigid schools of psychology and therapy. Dr. Mindess was the founding chairman of the Department of Psychology at Antioch University in Los Angeles. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
____, & Joy Turek (editors) iiThe Study of Humor. Los Angeles: Antioch University, [1979], 91pp. LOC: U of Missouri. Papers delivered in 1979 in Los Angeles at the Second International Congress on Humor. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
________, Carolyn Miller, Joy Turek, Amanda Bender, Suzanne Corbin iii The Antioch Humor Test: Making Sense of Humor. New York: Avon, 1985, ix+146pp. LOC: U of San Diego. Presents the questionnaire, protocol, scoring, and analysis of the Antioch Sense of Humor Inventory (ASHI) (pp.7-47, 141-146) and then sets it in the context of the uses and meaning of humor. Mindess directed the Graduate Psychology Program at Antioch U, Miller is a clinical psychologist on the Antioch faculty, Turek is a practicing psychotherapist, Bender is graduate of Antioch & MIT, and Corbin is a sane concert pianist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Minsky, Marvin (1927- ) iii Jokes and the Logic of the Cognitive Unconscious, in Groner, Groner, & Bischof (1983), 171-193. Dr. Minsky (1954 Princeton PhD in math) is a world authority on Artificial Intelligence (AI) at MIT. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Logic/
Mintz, Anne P. (editor) ii Web of Deception: Misinformation on the Internet. Medford, NJ: Information Today, Inc., 2002, xxv+275pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; FBI. Ten experts contribute to our understanding of deception and countermeasures on the Internet. Mintz is Director of Knowledge Management at Forbes magazine. See also Stoll (1989), Shimomura (1996), Mitnick (2002), and Rowe & Rothstein (2002). Id been invited to submit a piece on countermeasures but rudely backed out when I realized I had nothing beyond stale generalities to contribute. FIELDS: 2-Star/Media/Internet/
Mitchell, C. Ainsworth, M.A. (Oxon), F.I.C. (1867- ) ii Documents and Their Scientific Examination: with Especial Reference to the Chemistry Involved in Cases of Suspected Forgery, Investigation of Disputed Documents, Handwriting, Etc. London: Charles Griffin & Company, Limited, 1922, xii+215pp. LOC: Air U. Dated but still interesting. The author, an Englishman, was a forensic expert on inks and chemistry. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
The Expert Witness and the Applications of Science and of Art to Human Identification. Cambridge: Heffer & Sons, 1923, 188pp. i 2nd edition enlarged and retitled as The Scientific Detective and the Expert Witness. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd., 1931, 242pp; New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1931, xiii+242pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno. Useful in its day, but its day is long gone. Retains some historical interest. FIELDS: 1-Star/Experts/
Mitchell, Robert W. (1958- ), and Nicholas S. Thompson (editors) ii Deception: Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1986, xxix+388pp. LOC: BW; National Defense U; Cornell; Oxford; LSE. Also in PB. A stimulating collection of 20 original papers by authors from several disciplines, although both editors are psychologists at Clark University. Some of these papers were originally presented at the Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society held 15 Aug 1982 at the University of Minnesota in Duluth. Despite well-intended efforts, all of the individual authors dealing with human deceit show a regrettable lack of grasp of the relevant literature in disciplines other than their own. See also Byrne & Whiten (1988), Whitten & Byrne (1997), Maynard Smith (2001), and G. F. Miller (2001). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Zoology/Deception/
Mawby & Mitchell (1986)
Mitnick, Kevin D. (1968- ), & William L. Simon (1930- ) ii The Art of Deception: Controlling the Human Element of Security. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2002, xvi+352pp. LOC: FBI Academy; Pacific Beach PL. Computer security advice from the infamous hacker and social engineer (con artist) following his release from federal prison in 2000. Recommended by computer expert Prof. Neil Rowe as an excellent and non-technical text. See also Shimomura (1996). Co-author Simon is a professional non-fiction writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/Computers/
Miyamoto, Musashi (1584-1645) Gorin no sho [Book of five spheres]. Japan: 1643. iii English translation as The Book of Five Rings. Boston: Shambhala, 1993, xix+62 + translation of Yagy (1632). Translated by Thomas Cleary. LOC: BW. A Japanese classic of military strategy & tactics. See also Yagy (1632). Miyamoto, a master swordsman, was an undefeated duelist, a masterless samurai, and a reclusive freelance teacher, totally devoted to perfecting his warrior art. FIELDS: 3-Star/Military/Japan/
Modell, Arnold H. (1924- ) i Imagination and the Meaningful Brain. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2003, xiv+253pp. LOC: Cal State U (Fullerton). The American psychoanalyst author sees the human ability to find meaning in our cognitive interaction with the world as a genetically wired mapping or transfer of meaning between dissimilar domains (p.27), which he calls metaphor. Of course, this theory was proposed much earlier and more concisely by Maxwell, Macaulay, and others under the rubrics of analogy, similarity, and congruity. And philosopher Susan Haack even adopted the term metaphor a decade before Modell. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/Evolution/
Moens, J.-B. (1833-1908) De la falsification des timbres-poste. Brussels, Belgium: 1862, 34pp. ii English translation by E. Doble as On the Falsification of Postage Stamps. Falmouth, England: Tregaskis, Printer, 1862, 32pp; reprinted in Ragatz (1953). The worlds first postage-stamp catalog devoted specifically to counterfeits and how to identify them. See also Eare (1882, 1905), Ragatz (1953, etc), Petschel (1997). Jean-Baptiste Moens was the worlds first stamp dealer, operating from 1852 when he opened his new & second-hand book shop in Brussels until retiring in 1900. FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/
Moenssens, Andre A. (1930- ) ii Fingerprint Techniques. Radnor, Penn.: Chilton Book Company, 1971, xiv+321. LOC: Sacramento City College. A sound, historically oriented text, drawing heavily on the authors earlier Fingerprints and the Law (Philadelphia: Chilton, 1969). Includes the most detailed account of fingerprint counterfeiting (pp.284-293). Prof. Moenssens is a Belgian-American lawyer and criminalist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/
________, Fred E. Inbau (1909-1998), and James E. Starrs iii Scientific Evidence in Criminal Cases. 3rd ed., Mineola, NY: The Foundation Press, 1986, xlv+805pp. A standard text and one of the rare good ones. Its first edition appeared in 1973. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Forensics/ Inbau, Reid, & Buckley (1986).
Moffitt, John F. (1940- ) ii Art Forgery: The Case of the Lady of Elche. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995, xxix+324pp. LOC: Getty; UC-Santa Cruz; Oxford. Spains most famous sculpture is the Dama de Elche (Lady of Elche), a multicolored stone bust unearthed in 1897 near the Catalan town of Elche. It was initially and still is generally believed to date from the 4th century BC. However, Moffitt, a professor of art history at New Mexico State University, challenged this attribution, arguing instead that it had been forged shortly before its accidental discovery. Moffitts charge has been widely rejected, particularly in Spanish art and antiquities circles. Therefore, his book evidently represents either a premature denunciation or a faulty one. In either case it nicely illustrates the very real difficulties faced by all art and antiquities authenticators. FIELDS: 2-Star/Sculpture/Spain/
Monge, Peter R. (1942- ), and Noshir S. Contractor (1959- ) iii Theories of Communication Networks. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, xxiv+406pp. LOC: NPS. A valuable survey plus the authors promising original theory, a multitheoretical, multilevel (MTML) one. See also Watts (1999).
Both authors are professors of social communication, Dr. Monge at USC and Dr. Contractor at the U of Illinois. FIELDS: 3-Star/Networks/HUMINT/
Monmonier, Mark (1943- ) ii How to Lie with Maps. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991, xi+176pp. LOC: NPS; U of Hong Kong. Deceptions in cartography and how they have been detected. Delightful. Author is a professor of geography at Syracuse University and a widely published expert on cartography. FIELDS: 2-Star/Maps/Lying/
iii Drawing the Line: Tales of Maps and Cartocontroversy. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1995, xi+368pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U; U of Hong Kong. See particularly Ch.3 (pp.72-104) for the best summary comprehensive account of the Vinland Map forgery, more nearly conclusive than Feder (1999), 122-125; but less so than Seaver (2004). FIELDS: 3-Star/Maps/
ii Spying with Maps: Surveillance Technologies and the Future of Privacy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002, x+239pp. LOC: Watsonville PL. A popular but reasonably well-informed book. FIELDS: 2-Star/Maps/Surveillance/
Monro, D[avid] H[ector] (1911-2001) ii Argument of Laughter. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 1951, 264pp. LOC: La Sierra College (Calif.). A survey of the major previous theories of humor. Adds the authors own pet theory that he calls The Inappropriate, which I judge close enough to Incongruity Theory to award some credit. See also Provine (2000). Monro, a New Zealander, was then a philosophy professor. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Montagu, Ewen (1901-1985) ii The Man Who Never Was. London: Evans Bros., 1953, 144pp. Foreword by Lord Ismay. LOC: Congress; Oxford. US edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1954, 160pp. Many reprints & PBs. A seriously flawed classic. The semi-official account of Operation MINCEMEAT, one of the most famous British deception operations of WW II. Montagu fudged many of the detailspartly for security reasons but mainly, as Col. Frank Stech has discovered, to make himself look more clever then he was.
REV: Constantinides (1983), 335-336, rightly mentions that Monatgu didnt tell the full story, such as omitting ULTRA and the previously downed courier. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Britain/
iii Beyond Top Secret U. London: P. Davies, 1977, 192pp. LOC: Oxford. US edition as Beyond Top Secret Ultra, New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1978, 192pp. LOC: BW. Other WW II deceptions plus further but still incomplete disclosures on MINCEMEAT. REV: Major-General Shlomo Gazit in The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.3, No.2 (Sep 1980), 217-226. Highly favorable. REV: Constantinides (1983), 334-335. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Britain/
Moody, James ii "The Electronic Small World Project." 2001-2003, continuing. Moody, an assistant professor of sociology at Ohio State U since 1999, heads (as of 2003) the Electronic Small World Project. This study, funded by a National Science Foundation grant, seeks to map communication networks through e-mail. See also under Watts (1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Networks/
________, Douglas R. White iii Structural Cohesion and Embeddedness: A Hierarchical Concept of Social Groups, American Sociological Review, Vol.68, No.1 (Feb 2003), 103-127. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Explores the number of independent paths needed for maximum social binding within Small World groups. White professes at UC-Irvine. FIELDS: 3-Star/Networks
Moore, John Norton (editor) (1937- ) ii Deception and Deterrence in "Wars of National Liberation," State-Sponsored Terrorism, and Other Forms of Secret Warfare. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 1997, xiii+257pp. LOC: NPS; U of Florida. A collection of 16 articles. Moore was a professor of international law at the University of Virginia and Director of UVs Center for National Security Law. FIELDS: 2-Star/Terrorism/
Moore, Langdon W. (1830-1910) i Langdon W. Moore: His Own Story of His Eventful Life. Boston: Langdon W. Moore, 1893, 659pp. Autobiography of a professional criminal with an atypically large range of MOs. He was a New Englander who, in 1853 in New York City under the pseudonym of Charles A. Charlie Adams became a notorious gambler at Faro. He also turned to counterfeiting
state banknotes (since 1856), expert safe-cracking, and robbing banks (since 1865). Finally released from prison in 1890, three years early for good behavior and at age 60, he claimed to have reformed. FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
Morelli, Giovanni (1816-1891) Die Werke Italienischer Meister in der Galerien von Mnchen, Dresden und Berlin. Leipzig: E. A. Seemann, 1880, xii+500pp. This work was published as if translated by Dr. Johannes Schwarze from the original Russian text of Ivan Lermolieff. LOC: Getty Center. iii English translation by Mrs. Louise M. Richter as Italian Masters in German Galleries: A Critical Essay on the Italian Pictures in the Galleries of MunichDresdenBerlin. London: George Bell and Sons, 1883, vii+449pp. LOC: Congress; Getty; Seattle PL. Italian edition (ostensibly a translation from the German by baronessa di K. A.) as ostensibly authored by Jvan Lermolieff, Le opera dei Maestri italiani nelle gallerie di Monaco [sic], Dresda e Berlino. Bologna: Zanichelli, 1886, xii+470pp LOC: Italian National Library Services. Landmark work that set forth the authors revolutionary scientific theory of art connoisseurship, the so-called Morelli points. The Italian author, medically trained in Germany, became instead a politician and art enthusiast who based his theory of how to detect the stylistic differences between the true hand of the painter from that of any forgers from their handling of anatomical details. Morelli had begun publishing on Italian art in 1874-76 when, under the pseudonym Ivan Lermolieff, he first appeared in Von Ltzows Zeitschrift fr bildende Kunst, writing in German himself but attributing to a fictitious translator named Dr. Johannes Schwartze. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/Methodology/
Kunstkritische Studien ber italienische Malerie. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 3 vols., 1890-1893. LOC: Congress. iiii English translation by Constance Jocelyn Ffoulkes as Italian Painters: Critical Studies of Their Works. London: John Murray, 2 volumes, 1892 & 1893, 358+334pp. Introduction by Sir A. H. Layard. LOC: Congress; Tulane. Revised and enlarged version of the above, including editing the original 1874-76 Lermolieff essays. These books impressed Sigmund Freud and influenced Bernhard Berenson and Sir John Beazley. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: A&P/ 4-Star/Painting/Methodology/ CLASSES: 603/
Wind (1963), Spector (1969), Wollheim (1974), Storm (1979), Ginzburg (1980), and Boardman (2001).
Moreno, J[acob] L[evy], M.D. (1889-1974) ii Who Shall Survive: A New Approach to the Problem of Human Interactions. Washington, D.C.: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Co., 1934, xvi+440pp. LOC: CalStateU-San Diego. A landmark study of social interactions that introduced his sociograms. Revised in 1953.
Moreno was a Romanian-born psychotherapist and lay sociologist. The two book-length biographies are Ren F. Marineau, Jacob Levy Moreno (London: Tavistock/Routledge, 1989) and A. Paul Hare & June Rabson Hare, J. L. Moreno (London: Sage, 1996). The best brief bio is in Freeman (2004), 31-42, where among other key points its stressed (pp.35-40, 159) that as Moreno had no background or interest in research. Consequently, his assistant by 1932 to at least 1938, Helen Hall Jennings, a psychology student of Gardner Murphy at Columbia, made the immense contribution to the systematic research, Moreno having no bent toward research. FIELDS: 2-Star/Networks/Methodology/Sociology/
Morgan, Charles [Langbridge] (1894-1958) iii The River Line. London: Macmillan, 1949, 226pp. LOC: Oxford. A novel of escape & evasion. In 1947 three wartime comrades in a French escape line meet and discover the truth about the fourth who had been a suspected Gestapo spy in their midst. Originally published serially as Edge of Happiness and later rewritten as a stage play. Based factually on the Burgundy Line, one of whose leaders Morgan interviewed in France following the Liberation, and learned of the terrible dilemma of un faux Anglais, the sham Englishman, that haunted all the escape lines. See also Luard (1976) for a similar plot. Morgan had been a POW during much of WW I. In WW II, as a civilian, he worked in the Admiralty with N.I.D.19 as co-editor with Hilary Saunders of the Weekly Intelligence Report, a pocket-sized magazine circulated to all Royal Navy ships and stations. The final drafts required the approval of the Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence. Ewen Montagu (1977), 28, recalled observing an occasion when an enraged Morgan charged into the DDNIs office unannounced and stated icily, You can correct anything that I say about the Navybut Im regarded as the greatest living master of English and you are NOT going to correct my grammar. With that Morgan as abruptly stormed out. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/Escape&Evasion/
Morgan, J. H. (1876-1955) iii Assize of Arms: The Disarmament of Germany and Her Rearmament (1919-1939). New York: Oxford University Press, 1946, 357pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. Fine memoir of a British military representative on the Inter-Allied Control Commission, which had been created in 1919 to oversee German disarmament after WW II and contend with Germanys intense efforts to deceive on this matter. General Morgan remained undeceived. See also Whaley (1984). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 3-Star/Inspection/ CLASSES: 600/602/
Morgan, Patrick M. (1940- ) i "The Opportunity for a Strategic Surprise," in Knorr & Morgan (1983), 195-245. Dr. Morgan (Yale PhD) was a Professor of Political Science at Washington State University 1967-1991 and then at UC-Irvine since 1991. FIELDS: 1-Star/Surprise/Military/
ii "Strategies for Coping with the Problem of Strategic Surprise." A paper prepared for the Conference on Intelligence: Policy and Process, U.S. Air Force Academy, 6-7 June, 1984, 37pp. LOC: BW. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Surprise/Military/
Knorr & Morgan (1988)
Moriarty, Sandra E. iii Abduction: A Theory of Visual Interpretation, Communication Theory, Vol.6, No.2 (May 1996), 167-187. LOC: BW (copy); http://spot.colorado.edu/~moriarts/abduction.html. Prof. Moriarty (1975 Kansas State U PhD in Instructional Communication) was a professor in the University of Colorados School of Journalism and Mass Communication. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/
Morreall, John (1947- ) iiii Taking Laughter Seriously. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1983, x+144pp. LOC: California Poly State U (San Luis Obispo). Puts the Incongruity Theory of Humor to the forefront. The author was then in the philosophy department at Northwestern. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Humor/Incongruity/ CLASSES: 601/
iii The Philosophy of Laughter and Humor. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1987, xi+270pp. LOC: CalStateU-Stanislaus. Collected articles and excerpts from Plato to Morreall. Editor Morreall was then Associate Professor of Philosophy at the Rochester Institute of Technology. See also Clark (1970) and Provine (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
iii Enjoying incongruity, Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, Vol.2, No.1 (1989), 1-18. LOC: BW (copy). FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
iiii The Rejection of Humor in Western Thought, Philosophy East & West, Vol.39, No.3 (Jul 1989), 243-265. LOC: BW (copy); http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-PHIL/ew25613.htm. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Humor/Cultures/
ii Humor Works. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press, Inc., 1997, x+268pp. LOC: Deschutes PL System. Continues to back the Incongruity Theory (pp.26-30). Otherwise a rather ho-hum treatise on humor as a royal road to a successful and happily-ever-after lifestyle. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Morris, Ron ii Forensic Handwriting Identification: Fundamental Concepts and Principals. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, 2000, xvi+238pp. LOC: Cal State U (Fresno); Oxford. The author, an American, is a certified document examiner. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Morse, Philip M. (1903-1985) iii In at the Beginnings: A Physicist's Life. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1977, vii+375pp. A clear account (pp.172-369) of the development of Operations Research as a powerful analytical tool during and after World War II. MIT's Dr. Phil Morse (1927 Princeton PhD in Physics) was one of the leading OR pioneers, indeed hes often referred to as the father of OR in the USA. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/OR/
________, and George E. Kimball ii Methods of Operations Research. Cambridge, Mass.: The Technology Press of M.I.T., 1951, vii+158. LOC: NPS. Based on its classified WW II version. A classic, this is the first OR textbook published in the USA. FIELDS: 2-Star/OR/
Morris, Roderick Conway ii Masters of the Art of Forgery, International Herald Tribune (31 Jul 2004). LOC: BW (copy); Internet. A news story on Gianni Mazzonis Fakes by Master Artists exhibit, which was then showing in Siena, Italy. Curated by Gianni Mazzoni, it focused on the forgeries by Icilio Federico Joni. See also Joni (1932). Morris is a regular European art and culture correspondent for the HerTrib. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/
Morrissette, Bruce (1911-2000) iii The Great Rimbaud Forgery: The Affair of La Chasse spirituelle. St. Louis: Washington University Studies, 1956, 333pp. LOC: Northwestern; U of Toronto; Oxford. French translation by Jean Barr as La bataille Rimbaud. Paris: Nizet, 1959, 402pp. LOC: Northwestern; U of Toronto. Thorough and delightful analysis of the Rimbaud hoax that rocked French literary circles in 1949. Dr. Morrissette (1938 Johns Hopkins PhD in Romance Languages), a renowned specialist in French poets and literary and movie theory, was Professor of Romance Languages at Washington University until 1962 when he moved permanently to the University of Chicago. FIELDS: 3-Star/Documents/
Morton, A. Q. (1919- ) ii Literary Detection: How to prove authorship and fraud in literature and documents. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1978, xiii+221pp. LOC: BW; Cleveland PL. Statistical methods, collectively called stylometry, for analyzing texts. A weak and largely discredited effort. See also Ellegrd (1962a & 1962b), Mosteller & Wallace (1984), Whaley, Gardner, Busby (1991), Farringdon (1996), Foster (2000), and Vickers (2002). Andrew Queen Morton was a Scottish church minister, librarian, classical scholar, and statistician. FIELDS: 2-Star/Statistics/Documents/
Morton, Major Charles G[ould] (1861-1933) iii Stratagem. Kansas City, Mo.: Press of Hudson-Kimberly Publishing Co., 1904, 48pp. LOC: Congress; Command & General Staff College. A remarkable sound early appreciation by an American Army officer of deception, which he defines as secrecy and dissimulation (pp.5 & 7). Acknowledges that his main source was British Colonel J. J. Grahams Military Ends and Moral Means (London: 1864). Morton had graduated West Point in 1883, served in the Philippines in the Spanish-American War in 1898, commanded the 29th Division in France in WW I, and retired as a major-general in 1925. Buried at Arlington. FIELDS: 3-Star/Military/Deception/
Morton, James i The First Detective: The Life and Revolutionary Times of Eugne-Franois Vidocq, Criminal, Spy and Private Eye. London: Ebury Press, 2004, x+340pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. The most recent biography of the founder of both the first public and first private detective agencies. Clumsily written. The earlier biography by Edwards (1977) is more useful for our purposes. FIELDS: 1-Star/Police/PI/Biography/
Moss, Norman (1928- ) iii "The Theoretical Joker," The Sunday Times Magazine, 18 February 1973. A biographical sketch of Dr. R. V. Jones, "the most famous practical joker in the scientific world." Moss is a British journalist specialized in military affairs. FIELDS: 3-Star/Hoax/
iiii The Pleasures of Deception. London: Chatto & Windus, 1977, 208pp; New York: Readers Digest Press, 1977, 208pp. LOC: BW. Reprints. A fine collection of selected case studies of hoaxes and hoaxers, from con men to soldiers. Much enhanced by the author's perceptive analyses of the psychology of deceivers and deceivees. See also Stein (1993) and Lindskoog (1993). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Hoax/
Mosteller, Frederick (1916- ), and David L. Wallace iii Applied Bayesian and Classical Inference: The Case of the Federalist Papers. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1984, xxxvii+303. Second edition of the authors pioneering work, Inference and Disputed Authorship: The Federalist (Reading, Mass: 1964) that first applied Bayesian statistical analysis to a given text to estimate the likelihood of their authorship by any particular individual. Indeed, this paper was one of the earliest applications of Bayes to real-world problem solving. This edition represents the state-of-the-art prior to the more recent explosion in the ability of computer memory size and calculating speed to deal efficiently with these types of analyses. See also Ellegrd (1962a & 1962b), Morton (1978), Whaley, Gardner, Busby (1991), Farringdon (1996), Foster (2000), and Vickers (2002). Dr. Mosteller (1946 Princeton PhD in Statistics), a distinguished American statistician, amateur magician, & skilled poker player, taught at Harvard from 1946 until retiring in 1987. Prof. Wallace was a University of Chicago statistician. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 3-Star/ Logic/Statistics/Bayes/Documents/ 603/
Mott, Robert L. (1924- ) ii Radio Live! Television Live!: Those Golden Days When Horses Were Coconuts. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc, Publishers, 2000, vi+234. On radio and TV sound effects by a retired pro. The best introductory text. See also his two detailed earlier books on sound FX. FIELDS: 2-Star/FX/
Motto, Carmine J., [and] Dale L. June ii Undercover. Second Edition, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2000, xii+191pp. A practical handbook for the undercover operative. Motto retired in 1996 after 60 years in police work that ranged from NY State police to the Secret Service. June is a retired Secret Service Special Agent and a private investigator.
REV: A. A. in his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.1, No.1 (Jan-Jun 2000). Recommended to all. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/PI/
Mugglestone, Lynda ii Lost for Words: The Hidden History of the Oxford English Dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005, xxi+273pp. LOC: U of La Verne (Cal.). The old GIGO Rule tells us that garbage in equals garbage out. Analysis can be no more accurate than its data base. This is why we expect accuracy in our standard reference works. While widely recognized that most of the sources on the Internet range from weak to useless, many of the same skeptics tend to be too accepting of the credentials of our most widely used handbooks, ephemerides, catalogues raisonns, encyclopedias, and dictionaries. None of these is more revered than the Oxford English Dictionary. Intended as a complete catalog of English-language words, this monumental and magisterial work began in 1879 with the expectation that it would end in ten years with four hefty volumes. In fact, that first edition didnt appear until 1928 3 editors, 40 years, and 10 volumes later. It has since seen a majorly revised and updated second edition plus three updating supplements. It is simply the best English language dictionary. But it has flaws. Prof. Mugglestones welcome account of how the OED was compiled shows that many of these flaws are systemic. However, she doesnt adequately account for one of the OEDs more valuable features, namely its effort to trace and report the origin of each word, including its earliest reported appearance. While these citations are generally taken as authoritative, I have personally discovered earlier citations for over 90 words. Well, 90 out of about a half million words is only a small fraction of a percent. But, if just one reader such as myself can detect so many, what is the OEDs true error rate? And is that true rate inconsequential or should it call for tighter procedures on the part of the dictionarys compilers? REV: Eric Korn, Worth the space?, Times Literary Supplement, No.5346 (16 Sep 2005), 6-7. FIELDS: 2-Star/Dictionary/
Mulkay, Michael (1936- ) ii On Humor: Its Nature and Its Place in Modern Society. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Inc., 1988, 232pp. LOC: U of San Diego. The first sociological analysis of humor. Acknowledges the Incongruity Theory but tends to drift off into post-Modern byways, however intertaining they may be. Dr. Mulkay (PhD, Aberdeen) was a British sociologist at the University of York where he taught, among other subjects, a course titled Analyzing Humour. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Mullainathan, Sendhil (ca.1974- ), Andrei Shleifer iii The Market for News. Internet, 23 Oct 2004, 53pp. LOC: BW (abstract); Internet. Important empirical study of bias in the American news media. Finds that bias in each newspaper leans in the direction reflecting the biases of the majority of its audience. Concludes that a heterogeneous readership tends to induce a newspaper to give more
accurate reporting in a given news medium than does inter-media competition. Both authors are economists at Harvard. For Dr. Mullainathan, a 1998 Harvard PhD in Economics and 2002 MacArthur Fellow see Linden (2005). FIELDS: 3-Star/Media/
Mller, Klaus-Jrgen (1930- ) i A German Perspective on Allied Deception Operations in the Second World War, in Handel (1987a), 301-326. A revisionist (pessimistic) view of the Allied deception operations that is largely disproved in editor Handels introductory essay. Mller was a leading German military historian. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Military/Germany/
Mullis, Kary (1944- ) ii Dancing Naked in the Mind Field. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998, x+222. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Memoirs of the flagrantly eccentric American biochemist who won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on DNA analysis. FIELDS: 2-Star/DNA/
Munro, Robert (1835-1920) i Archology and False Antiquities. London: Methuen & Co., 1905, 292pp; Philadelphia: Jacobs & Co., 1905, 292pp. LOC: Getty Center; Warburg Institute. Reprinted 1971. Mainly on the artifacts associated with prehistoric sites on the shores of the Clyde river in Scotland. Author was a Scottish physician and antiquarian. FIELDS: 1-Star/Archaeology/Antiques/
Mnsterberg, Hugo (1863-1916) ii On the Witness Stand: Essays on Psychology and Crime. New York: McClure Company, 1908, 269pp. Plus several reprints. Landmark piece that prematurely but accurately trumpeted the invasion of the courtrooms of America by psychologists, a crusade that would be revived in 1974 by Elizabeth Loftus. See also Loftus (1991) and Ziskin (1995). The famous German author was Professor of Psychology at Harvard from 1901 until his death. FIELDS: 2-Star/Law/
Mure, David (1912-1986) iiii Practise to Deceive. London: William Kimber, 1977, 270pp. LOC: BW; Naval War College; UC-Berkeley. Also in PB as The Phantom Armies (London: Sphere, 1979, 316pp). A memoir-history of "A" Force, the British military deception planning team in Cairo during WW II. Major Mure had served on its staff 1942-44. Some serious errors due mainly to the authors lack of access to the archives. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Summer 1978. REV: Constantinides (1983), 345-346. REV: Dovey (1993). FIELDS: 4-Star/Deception/Military/Britain/
iiiii Master of Deception: Tangled Webs in London and the Middle East. London: William Kimber, 1980, 284pp. LOC: BW; NPS; National Defense U; UC-Berkeley. Biography of Brigadier Dudley Clarke (1899 -1974) who, as commander of "A" Force in Cairo, was chief of British military deception planning in North Africa and the Middle East during WW II. As with Mures previous book the several errors are mainly due to his lack of archival access. See also Clarke (1955). REV: Constantinides (1983), 343-345. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/CI/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Deception/Britain/Biography/ 600/603/
Murphy, David E. (1921- ) iii What Stalin Knew: The Enigma of Barbarossa. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005, xxii+310pp. LOC: BW3. A scholarly account showing how and why Hitler managed to dupe Stalin. Nicely updates Whaley (1973) and answers Fugate (1984). This is probably the definitive account. Murphy had been the CIAs Chief of Station in Berlin until 1961 when he transferred to Langley HQ as head of Soviet operations. REV: Abraham Brumberg in Times Literary Supplement, No.5351 (21 Oct 2005), 26. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Surprise/INTEL-consumer/Russia/
Murray, Raymond C. (1929- ) ii Evidence from the Earth: Forensic Geology and Criminal Investigation. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 2004, xi+226pp. LOC: Los Angeles PL. The leading text on geological forensics. This is a substantial revision of Raymond C. Murray & John C. F. Tedrow (1917- ), Forensic Geology (1975, with a revision in 1991). Dr. Murray (1955 U of Wisconsin PhD in geology) was a forensic geologist at the University of Montana until retiring in 1996. FIELDS: 2-Star/Geology/
Muscarella, Oscar White iii The Lie Became Great: The Forgery of Ancient Near Eastern Cultures. Groningen: Styx, 2000, viii+540pp. LOC: Getty; CalStateU-Sacramento. A ruthless attack on the endemic corruption within the network of academic & private archeologists, dealers & auction houses, museum curators & directors, and private collectors. Names some famous names: Wallis-Budge, Ghirshman, Pope, Boardman, and even Bothmer and Hoving who were alive when he published. Identifies 1,250 forgeries from collections worldwide, including 45 in New York Citys Metropolitan Museum of Art. Marred in only two ways: First, Dr. Muscarella tends to portray himself as an almost lone archeological fraudbuster. Second, due to libel laws, unfortunately many of his accusations are directed at unnamed persons and institutions. See also Spier (1990) and Butcher & Gill (1993). Since 1964 Dr. Muscarella, a widely published expert on the subject, has been on the staff of the Metropolitan Museum of Art where at time of publication he was a senior research fellow. REV: A balanced review is Ellen Herscher in Archaeology (Jan-Feb 2001). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Archaeology/Cultures/ CLASSES: 602/
Myers, Lawrence W. i SPYCOMM: Covert Communication Techniques of the Underground. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press, 1991, vii+246pp. LOC: NPS. A handy book on how-to methods for communicating among small groups or cells imbedded in a generally hostile environment. Most of the tips are tried-and-true, some have been rendered obsolete or more dangerous than when published, others may be impractical. Myers is the pen-name of Meyers, an American free-lance writer. Court records indicate a rather shaded life in addition to his 1997 plea bargain in a California court to grand theft for which he received 18 months parole. FIELDS: 1-Star/COMINT/
Myers, Robin, and Michael Harris (1938- ) (editors) ii Fakes and Frauds: Varieties of Deception in Print and Manuscript. Winchester, Eng.: St. Pauls Bibliographies, 1989, xi+144pp. Reprinted 1996 (Oak Knoll Press). LOC: Congress; Brandeis; Frick; Warburg. Collection of seven papers originally presented in 1988 in London at Birkbeck College at the 10th Annual Conference on Book-Trade History. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Myklebust, Svein Lorents (1939- ) The Greatest Deception in the History of Warfare: Hitlers Deceptive Operations in the Months Prior to the Attack on Russia in June 1941. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilm, 1980, viii+303pp. LOC: Marine Corps U; UMich; not seen. Authors 1980 doctoral dissertation at the University of Wisconsin (Madison). See also Whaley (1974). FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/Military/Germany/Russia/
Myslobodsky, Michael S. (editor) ii The Mythomanias: The Nature of Deception and Self-Deception. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1997, 416pp. Collection of 14 original papers by 18 authors (mostly psychologists) that survived an aborted symposium in Israel in 1995. See also Gur & Sackeim (1979), Lockard & Paulhus (1988), Ames & Dissanayake (1996), Wiseman (1997), and Mele (2001). The editor, an experimental psychologist and neuropsychologist, is with the Psychobiology Research Unit of Tel-Aviv University. FIELDS: 2-Star/Self-deception/
-NNahm, Milton C. (1903-1991) ii Falstaff, Incongruity and the Comic: An Essay in Aesthetic Criticism, The Personalist, Vol.49 (Los Angeles: 1968), 289-321. LOC: BW (copy). Assumes the Incongruity Theory of Humor. Thus (p.293): In my opinion, the comic derives from the incongruous. In this he agrees with and cites Beattie ([1776 [sic]) and some later writers. Dr. Nahm (1933 U Penn PhD) was a prominent Professor of Philosophy at Bryn Mahr College where hed taught since 1930. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Nanavati, Samir, Michael Thieme, Raj Nanavati ii Biometrics: Identity Verification in a Networked World. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001, xx+300pp. LOC: Pacific Beach PL. A survey of techniques for verifying the personal ID of computer network users. Concentrates on eight techniques including facial, voice, and keystroke scans. FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/Internet/
Nance, Jef, CFE ii Conquering Deception. Second Edition, Kansas City: Irvin-Benham, 2003, 219pp. Edited by Frank Barton Hill. LOC: Arapahoe Library District. On how to read between the lines in a conversation. Many clear and reasonable tips mixed with a few dubious ones. One enthusiastic reviewer said this book could have been called The Mind Readers Handbook. Oddly, Nance seems unaware of Incongruity Analysis, although this is what he is large doing. The original edition was published in 2000. The author, a former police interrogator and current Certified Fraud Examiner, draws on his knowledge of advanced police interrogation techniques. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/Incongruity/
Napier, Michael R., and Susan H. Adams, M.A. iii Magic Words to Obtain Confessions, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (Oct 1998), 11-15. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. How to trick crime suspects into confessing during interrogation by manipulating the socalled RPMs of interrogation that enable the suspects to maintain dignity or save face: Rationalization (Anyone would be forced to take extreme measure to ensure discipline in the home). Projection (Place the blame on others She pushed me too far.), and Minimization (Mistakes or accidents like this can happen.). Sneaky cop-think here, because these RPMs are moral or psychological and not legal excuses for crimes so the offenders remain accountable for their behavior.
Both authors are FBI Special Agents, Napier a profiler and Adams an instructor at the FBI Academy. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/
Napper, Charles (1910-1972) iii The Art of Political Deception. London: Johnson, 1972, xiii+230pp. LOC: East Tennessee State U; LSE. Covers everything and most everyone in the Western world of political power nastiness except Machiavelli. FIELDS: 3-Star/Politics/Deception/
Nash, Jay Robert (1937- ) ii Hustlers and Con Men: An Anecdotal History of the Confidence Man and His Games. New York. M. Evans and Company, Inc., 1976, 372pp. LOC: BW. An American journalist and crime writers take on Ponzi, Lustig, Kratalsky, Yellow Kid Weil, and many, many others. Fairly solid case studies but no depth of theory or even plain insight that could assist either other cons much less cops. See also Gibson (1927), Norfleet (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Maurer (1955), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Carey & Sherman (1976), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), Abagnale (2000), and Marlock (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/
Nash, Stephen Edward (1964- ) ii Time, Trees, and Prehistory: Tree-ring Dating and the Development of North American Archaeology, 1914-1950. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 1999, 294pp. LOC: BW. Richly detailed but confusingly organized and weakly related to the subjects wider historical context. On dendrochronology see also Schweingruber (1988), Hillam (1990 & 2000), and Fritts (1991). Author was an anthropologist at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. FIELDS: 2/Star/Dendrochronology/Archaeology/
Natale, Mauro, and Claude Ritschard (editors) ii Lart dimiter: Images de la Renaissance italienne au Muse dart et dhistoire: Falsifications, Manipulations, Pastiches. Geneva: Dpartment des affaires culturelles, 1997, 379pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Stanford; U of Michigan; Yale; Toronto; Warburg. Official catalog of a exhibition of forgeries and reproductions of Italian Renaissance paintings held at the Museum of Art and History, Geneva, Switzerland, 14 Mar-28 Sep 1997. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Neave, Airey (1916-1979) iii Saturday at M.I.9: A history of underground escape lines in North-West Europe in 1940-5 by a leading organiser at M.I.9. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1969, 327pp. LOC: Carlsbad City PL;Manchester U. U.S. edition, somewhat abridged, as The Escape Room. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970, xiv+319pp. LOC: Congress. A useful eyewitness account of wartime escape & evasion. Neave, whose M.I.9 codename was Saturday, also wrote a collection of other escapers stories, They Have Their Exits (London: Grafton, 1953). See also Foot & Langley (1979). Neave was with the British Army in France in 1940 when captured by the Germans. In 1942 he became the first officer to make a successful escape from Colditz Castle, making his way through France, Spain, and Gibraltar to England where he was recruited by M.I.9. From 1950 he was a Conservative M.P. until 1979 when blown up by an IRA mercury-tilt car bomb as he drove up the ramp from the underground parking garage at the Houses of Parliament. An unreliable biography is Paul Routledge, Public Servant, Secret Agent: The Elusive Life and Violent Death of Airey Neave (London: Fourth Estate, 2002, 392pp). REV: Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1970. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1975. FIELDS: 3-Star/Escape&Evasion/
Needham, Joseph (1900-1995) SEE UNDER: Temple (1998) Neisser, Ulric (1928- ) iii Cognitive Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967, xi+351pp. The landmark textbook on the subject by one of its early proponents. See also Hunt (1982). Dr. Neisser is a distinguished and highly original experimental psychologist. See his memoir in Sternberg (2003), 158-172. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/
________, and Nicole Harsch ii Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger, in Eugene Winograd and Ulric Neisser (editors), Affect and accuracy in recall: Studies of flashbulb memories (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 9-31. LOC: U of La Verne (Calif.). An empirical study originally presented during the Emory [College] Cognition Project conference on 2-3 Feb 2000. Reported in detail in Ofshe & Watters (1994), 38-41. Harsch was a grad student in psych at Emory. FIELDS: 2-Star/Memory/
Nelder, J. A. ii A statistical examination of the Hastings Rarities, British Birds, Vol.55, No.8 (Aug 1962), 283-298. LOC: Montana State U. This is perhaps the earliest application of statistics to ornithology, specifically to support
the high likely hypothesis that most of the rare stuffed birds reportedly shot in the neighborhood of Hastings, England, had been deliberately misplaced as to origin. See also Nicholson & Fergusson-Lees (1962). Prof. Nelder was a distinguished English statistician. FIELDS: 2-Star/Zoology/Fraud/
Nelms, Henning (1930-1986) iii Magic and Showmanship: A Handbook for Conjurers. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1967, 322pp. Includes a creative procedure for how to invent and design magic tricks. Nelms was an American theatrical director and amateur magician. Compare Fitzkee (1944). FIELDS: 3-Star/Magic/
Nelson, Admiral Lord Horatio (1758-1805) SEE: Knight (2005) Nesbit, Roy Conyers, assisted by Jack Eggleston ii Eyes of the RAF: A History of Photo-reconnaissance. Phoenix Mill, England: Alan Sutton Publishing Limited, 1996, viii+335pp. Foreword by Air Chief Marshal Sir Neil Wheeler. LOC: NPS. A fine job, although narrowly limited to its subject. Covers the period from before World War One to its recent operations in the Balkans. See also Lashmar (1996), Stanley (1998) and Day & Logsdon (1998). Nesbit was a military aviation historian. REV: Stephen Twigge in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.14, No.2 (Summer 1999), 212-213. Stresses Nesbits narrow focus and recommends Lashmar (1996) instead. FIELDS: 2-Star/IMINT/Britain/
Nettle, Daniel ii Strong Imagination: Madness, Creativity and Human Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, viii+235pp. LOC: Sonoma State U. A study of the close but complex relationship between creativity and psychosis & psychoticism. Nettle is a British evolutionary psychologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Neumann, John von (1903-1957), and Oskar Morgenstern (1902-1977) iiiii The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2nd edition, 1947, 641pp. LOC: Georgia State U. The seminal book on Game Theory, which had been initiated by von Neumann in 1926 and continued by him until joined in 1940 by Morgenstern. Their 1st edition had appeared in 1944 and the 9th in 1966. This is book played a crucial role in introducing mathematics (as constrated with mere arithmetic) to economics. One often overlooked part of this book, one of key relevance for deception, is its formulation of the first systematic theory of bluffing (pp.186-189). Although they
designed it to model the game of Poker (which, significantly, had initially been called Bluff), it is applies to other human interactions including to warfare, as first pointed out Thomas Schelling (1960). For additional applications to truth-or-lie communications in war see Whaley (1973) and to evolutionary zoology see Krebs & Dawkins (1984). Born Jnos von Neumann in Hungary to non-practicing Jewish parent, Dr. Von Neumann (two doctorates in 1926 from the universities of Budapest in math and Zrich in chemistry) was a prominent mathematician. He had moved in 1930 to the USA where, as a Jew no longer welcome in Germany, in 1933 he joined the Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, where he stayed for the rest of his life. A reliable and perceptive bio of him is in G. Dyson (1997), 75-92. The German-born Dr. Morgenstern was a mathematically oriented economist. When the Nazis expelled him from his professorship at the U of Vienna on the grounds that he was politically unreliable, he moved to the USA in 1938, joining the Princeton University faculty where he remained until retiring in 1970. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Games/GameTheory/Economics/ 600/
________ ii The General and Logical Theory of Automata. A lecture given by Von Neumann on 20 Sep 1948 and reprinted slightly edited in his Collected Works, Vol.5 (Oxford: Pergamon, 1961), 288-328. LOC: U of Missouri. Together with the work of Turing (1950), one of the two most important theoretical papers leading to the development of computers and pointing the way toward Artificial Intelligence. Discussed in Dyson (1979), 194-196. FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/
Neuwirth, Waltraud ii Wiener Porzellan: Original, Kopie, Verflschung, Flschung [Viennese Porcelain: Originals, Copies, Falsifications, Forgeries]. Vienna: self-published, 1979, 612pp with 600 illus. Introduction is also in English (4 pages) and French. LOC: Getty; Arizona State U; Toronto; Oxford. A comprehensive and lavishly illlustrated catalog. Based on the 1977-78 exhibition Wiener PorzellanEcht oder Geflscht [Vienna PorcelainTrue or False] at the sterreichisches Museum fr Angewandte Kunste [Austrian Museum for Applied Arts], Vienna, which had been produced by Dr. Neuwirth, the museums long-time curator of glass and ceramics. FIELDS: 2-Star/Pottery/
iii Wiener Jugendstilsilber: Original, Flschung oder Pasticcio? [Viennese Art Nouveau Silver: Original, Fake or Pastiche?]. Vienna: self-published, 1980, 88pp, 94 plates. Text in German and English. Another of this prolific Austrian experts many worthy publications on the applied arts. Gives the authors personal experiences discovering forgeries of Wiener Werkstatte designs. FIELDS: 3-Star/Antiques/
ii Meissener Marken: Original, Imitation, Verflschung, Flshung. Vienna: by the author, 1980, 288pp. LOC: Getty; Chrysler Museum of Art (Norfolk, VA); U of Toronto; Oxford. A comprehensive reference work. FIELDS: 2-Star/Pottery/
Newcomb, S[imon] (1835-1909) Calculus of Probabilities, in The Universal Cyclopdia (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1900), 275. LOC: University of South Dakota; not seen. NOTE: As quoted in Osborn (1910), 228n; Cassidy (1980), 92-93; and Nickell (1999), 4. One of the more familiar ways of presenting evidence in court is based on an idea borrowed from, of all places, astronomy. It is known variously as the Product Rule, the Law of Compound Probability, or Newcombs Rule, after Professor Simon Newcomb, a Canadian-born American astronomer, mathematician, and student of Charles Sanders Peirce. Newcomb specialized in the orbital motion of the planets and revolutionized the planetary tables and other work at the U.S. Naval Observatory. Newcombs Rule, which he himself called the Calculus of Probabilities, states that [T]he probability of concurrence of all the events is equal to the continued product of the probabilities of all the separate events. In other words, in situations where a final event is the direct consequence of a chain of prior circumstances, we can calculate the chances of that event having occurred by multiplying the probabilities of each of the separate circumstances. The trick is that the separate events must be completely independent of each other. Newcombs Rule is often paraphrased by other criminologists but without credit to Newcomb, as in Kirk (1953), 20-21; Walls (1972), 62; and Bodziak (1999), 342-344. FIELDS: ?-Star/Logic/
Newman, Matthew L., James W. Pennebaker, Diane S. Berry, Jane M. Richards iii Lying Words: Predicting Deception From Linguistic Styles, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol.29, No.5 (May 2003), 665-675. LOC: BW (copy). Report on the authorss modestly successful computerized content analysis of stories told by liars and truth-tellers. Concludes that, compared to truth-tellers, liars stories were less cognitively complex, used fewer self-references & other-references, and employed more negative emotion words. The study is particularly interesting because it suggests that liars can be reliably identified by their wordsnot by what they say but how they say it. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Lying/
Newnham, Richard iii The Guinness Book of Fakes, Frauds & Forgeries. Enfield, Middlesex, England: Guinness Publishing, 1991, 224pp. LOC: BW. A generous compendium. For similar collections see MacDougall (1940), Sifakis (1993), Stein (1993), Randi (1994), Fuld (1999), and particularly Lindskoog (1993). FIELDS: 3-Star/Fraud/
Nicholson, E. M., & I. J. Ferguson-Lees iii The Hastings Rarities, British Birds, Vol.55, No.8 (Aug 1962), 299-345. LOC: Montana State U. A comprehensive analysis of the most infamous case of fakery of rare stuffed birds. See also Nelder (1962). The co-authors were English ornithologists and bird-watchers. FIELDS: 3-Star/Zoology/Fraud/
Nickell, Joe (1944- ) iiii Ambrose Bierce Is Missing: And Other Historical Mysteries. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1992, 180pp. LOC: BW. Solutions proposed to nine main cases, each based on a different research technique. For suggested solutions to other mysteries of history see Whaley (1973), West (1985), and Whaley (1991). Dr. Nickell (1987 U of Kentucky PhD), a former professional stage magician and ex-PI, is now a leading forensic expert. FIELDS: 4-Star/INTEL/
iii Psychic Sleuths: ESP and Sensational Cases. Buffalo: Prometheus Books, 1994, 251pp. Edited by Dr. Nickell from solicited essays on eight famous self-proclaimed psychic detectives ranging from Gerard Croiset to Greta Alexander, each by a different expert author, plus a general essay by psychologist James E. Alcock. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psi/
iii Camera Clues: A Handbook for Photographic Investigation. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1994, 234pp. LOC: BW. Second-best but very good book on the subject. See also Brugioni (1999). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/IMINT/
iii Detecting Forgery: Forensic Investigation of Documents. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1996, 228pp. LOC: BW. Stresses the need for a multi-evidential or holistic approach, as did Malone (1797), Frazer (1894), and Osborn (1910). See also Hilton (1956) and Rendell (1994). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Documents/
iiii Pen, Ink, & Evidence: A Study of Writing and Writing Materials for the Penman, Collector, and Document Detective. 2nd Printing with corrections, New Castle, Delaware: Oak Knoll Press, 2000, ix+228pp. Foreword by Charles Hamilton. LOC: Santa Cruz PL. The best textbook. See also Rendell (1994). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Documents/
________, and John F. Fischer iii Crime Science: Methods of Forensic Detection. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1999, 300pp. LOC: BW. A comprehensive and up-to-date textbook with a case study to summarize each of the ten topical chapters. Almost as good as Erznlioglu (2000). CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 603/ 3-Star/Forensics/
Baker & Nickell (1992) for detection of psychic fraud.
Nickles, David Paull (1966- ) ii Under the Wire: How the Telegraph Changed Diplomacy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003, 265pp. LOC: Santa Clara City L; Oxford. Shows how the introduction of the telegraph as a new channel for communication in the mid-1800s was adjusted in such a way as, other than in the pace of diplomacy, to make it less of an information revolution as it was then being portrayed. Rather like, I believe, those other substantially over-hyped revolutions in communications attributed to telephone, radio, TV, and now the Internet. Nickles was an historian with the American State Department. REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.28, No.2 (Apr 2004). A lukewarm review of an interesting study by a knowledgeable author. REV: Donald Steury in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.48, No.3 (2004). A fine and enthusiastic review. FIELDS: 2-Star/COMINT/Channels/
Nickolls, L[ewis] C[harles] ii The Scientific Investigation of Crime. London: Butterworth & Co. Ltd., 1956, xiii+398pp. LOC: DeAnza College; British L; Cambridge U. A standard text of its time and, although negligible on forensic history, better than most. Compare Sderman & OConnell (1952 edition) and Kirk (1953). Wiggins & Houck in Houck (2001, p.xix) credit Nickolls with coining the term Locard Exchange Principle, which they mistakenly say is not thought to appear in any of his [Locards] writing as such. Actually Nickolls calls it Locards exchange principle (p.39) citing Locard (1928). Nickolls, a Master of Science degree chemist, had been Director of the Metropolitan Police Laboratory since 1951. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Nisbett, Richard E., and Timothy DeCamp Wilson ii Telling More Than We Can Know: Verbal Reports on Mental Processes, Psychological Review, Vol.84, No.3 (May 1977), 231-259. LOC: BW (copy). A survey of the literature on unconscious thought processes. The authors are American psychologists at the University of Michigan. Dr. Nisbett was a 1966 PhD in social psychology from Columbia. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/Memory/
________ ii Race, Genetics, and IQ, in C. Jencks and M. Phillips (editors), Black-White Test Score Differences (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990). LOC: BW (copy). A refreshingly unhysterical and amoral critique of Herrnstein & Murrays The Bell Curve (1994). Finds Herrnstein & Murray s evidence review shockingly incomplete and biased. Concludes that his own much more comprehensive review of the evidence that measures both the degree of Caucasian admixture and the influence of White-reared Blacks provides almost no support for genetic explanations of the measured Black/White IQ gap. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/Cultures/
________ ii The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently ... and Why. New York: The Free Press, 2003, xxiii+263pp. LOC: Leeds U. Nisbett attributes these cognitive differences to a mix of different ecologies, societal structures, philosophies, and educational systems and traces these back to their origins in ancient Greece and China. Provocative but, I presume, exaggerated. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cultures/China/Greece/
Nobili, Riccardo ii The Gentle Art of Faking: A History of the Methods of Producing Imitations & Spurious Works of Art from the Earliest Times Up to the Present Day. London: Seeley, Service & Co. Ltd., 1922, 318pp + 21 plates. LOC: Frick; William & Mary Col.; BW; Colgate U; U of Toronto; Warburg. Reprinted, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1922, 318pp. LOC: U of Michigan. The author, a prominent early expert on art forgery, also wrote a novel on the subject, A Modern Antique: A Florentine Story (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1908). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Noble, Joseph Veach (1920- ) i The Forgery of Our Greek Bronze Horse, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Vol.26, No.6 (Feb 1968), 253-256. Based on Nobles public seminar given in late 1967 at the Museum where he was an
executive. A damning critique is Hoving (1996), 210-221, which shows Noble to have been more than half wrong on this touchy matter. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Sculpture/Antiques/
Bothmer & Noble (1961)
Noguchi, Thomas T., M.D. (1927- ), with Joseph DiMona i Coroner. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983, 252pp. LOC: BW. Also in PB. FIELDS: 1-Star/Autopsy/
i Coroner at Large. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985, 249pp. LOC: BW. Also in PB. The two best-selling but weak memoirs of LA Countys controversial ex-Chief Medical Examiner. See also Helpern (1977) and Baden (1989). FIELDS: 1-Star/Autopsy/
Nordby, Jon J., Ph.D. iiii Dead Reckoning: The Art of Forensic Detection. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2000, xix+273pp. LOC: Palm Beach Community Col.; Pacific Lutheran U. Major principles of detection closely illustrated by 10 case studies a fine use of cases to teach theory. Usually excellent; although I was discouraged when Dr. Nordby, a selfstyled Sherlockian buff and freelance consulting forensic scientist, got Locard two-thirds wrong (p.22) and misplaced Mr. Holmess introductory quote in the Copper Beaches when Abbey Grange is correct. Dr. Nordby (1977 PhD in forensic science & forensic medicine from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst) is a private forensic consultant. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: A&P/ 4-Star/Forensics/ CLASSES: 600/
James & Nordby (2005)
Norfleet, J. Frank (1864-1971), as told to Gordon Hines ii Norfleet: The Amazing Experiences of an Intrepid Texas Rancher with an International Swindling Ring. Sugar Land, Texas: Imperial Press, 1927, ix+388pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. Revised from the 1924 edition. Norfleet, a Texas cattleman cheated by five con artists in 1920, pursues them for three years until their eventual arrest and conviction in Denver, Colorado. See also Gibson (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Maurer (1955), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Carey & Sherman (1976), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), Abagnale (2000), and Marlock (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/
North, David M. iii Weapons Deception Plan: U.S. Using Disinformation Policy To Impede Technical Data Flow, Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol.124, No.11 (17 Mar 1986), 16-17. LOC: BW3 (copy); NPS. Reports the new joint DOD-CIA effort to coordinate disinformation about 15-20 tactical R&D programs at all levels of their development. However, as Roy Godson, commented (p.17), By saying that we have a disinformation policy aimed at the Soviet Union maybe we are creating disinformation. FIELDS: 3-Star/TECHINT/Deception/
NUMB3RS ii CBS-TV crime fiction series, Jan 2005-Jan 2006-in progress. Producers: Nick Falacci and Cheryl Heuton. Stars: Rob Morrow (as FBI special agent Don Eppes) and David Krumholtz (Charlie Eppes, math professor and Dons younger brother). Fictional TV series in which quirky math whiz Don helps his FBI brother solve various mysteries by applying sophisticated mathematical techniques to each. By excerpting the key explanation of the applicability of each of these mathematical theories some of these episodes would be suitable as a classroom visual aid for teaching some principles and theories of detection. The math principles applied in each case are appropriate, authentic, and clearly explained. Some of the more relevant examples are: ! First Season (2005), Episode 1, Pilot: Geographic Profiling. ! Episode 10, Dirty Bomb: The Prisoners Dilemma from game theory. ! Episode 12, Noisy Edge: Uses Shannons Communication Theory math to refine a clean image from noisy radar data. ! Episode 13, Manhunt: The Monty Hall Problem, Markov Chains, and Bayesian Analysis. ! Second Season (2005-06), Episode 20, Convergence: Crossword Puzzles. ! Episode 22, Toxic: Shannons Information Theory and Entropy. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 2-Star/Fiction/Statistics/
Nyberg, David (1943- ) ii The Varnished Truth: Truth Telling and Deceiving in Ordinary Life. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993, 244pp. Also in PB. LOC: Monterey PL. A modest effort. See also Gitter (1963), Bok (1978), and Campbell (2001). The author was a Stanford PhD and professor of philosophy and education at the State University of New York (Buffalo). FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Nyborg, Helmuth (editor) iii The Scientific Study of Human Nature: Tribute to Hans J. Eysenck at Eighty. England: Pergamon, 1997, xxix+621pp. Because of Dr. Eysencks wide range of research interests, this collection of 25 papers by 31 contributors, mainly psychologists, provides a most useful survey of turn-of-themillennium findings on creativity, humor, psychotherapy, personality measurement, projective tests, graphology, hypnosis, and parapsychology. See also Eysenck (1997). FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/
-OOBrien, Darcy (1939-1998) ii Two of a Kind: The Hillside Stranglers. New York: New American Library, 1985, xxiv+418pp. LOC: San Diego PL. A model of true-crime writing. Exposes the best and worst sides of forensic psychiatry. OBrien, son of Hollywood movie stars George OBrien and Marguerite Churchill, was a prize-winning American novelist and non-fiction writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/
OConnor, Niamh (1974- ) ii Cracking Crime: Jim Donovan, Forensic Detective. Dublin: The OBrien Press, 2001, 302pp. Foreword by Professor John Harbison. LOC: Congress; Dayton & Montgomery County PL. An uninspiring biography. Beginning in 1975 Dr. Donovan (PhD) headed the Irish republics first Forensic Science Laboratory. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
ODonoghue, Michael ii Synthetic, Imitation and Treated Gemstones. Oxford and Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997, x+203pp. A standard reference that gives the tell-tales to distinguish man-made from natural stones. Emphasizes those that can be easily detected by low (10X) magnification or or simple lab tests. See also Anderson & Jobbins (1990), which is much more clearly written. The author, a gemologist, had been Curator of Earth Sciences at the British Library until 1991. FIELDS: 2-Star/Jewels/
ODonohue, William T., [and] Eric R. Levensky (editors) ii Handbook of Forensic Psychology: Resource for Mental Health and Legal Professionals. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004, xxxii+1064pp. A useful overview in 37 chapters by 73 specialists. See particularly Davis & ODonohue (2004), Frank & Ekman (2004). And Oksol & ODonohue (2004). Both editors are psychologists at the University of Nevada, Reno. Dr. ODonohue holds a 1986 PhD in psych from SUNY. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Psychology/
Oksol & ODonohue (2004)
Official History 23rd Headquarters Special Troops. SEE: Fox (1945)
Ofshe, Richard (1941- ), and Ethan Watters ii Making Monsters: False Memories, Psychotherapy, and Sexual Hysteria. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1994, x+340. On faulty memories and how to create them. See also Loftus (1994), Lynn & others (2003), and Tsai & others (2004). Dr. Ofshe (1968 Stanford PhD in Sociology) has been a professor of social psychology at UC-Berkeley since 1967. Watters is a freelance writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Memory/
OHara, Charles E. (1912-1984), and Gregory L. OHara ii Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation. 7th Edition, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, Ltd.,2003, xviii+907pp. LOC: U of San Diego. The 1st edition of this standard textbook had appeared in 1956. The authors are father & son, the latter having joined with the 4th Edition of 1976. FIELDS: 2-Star/Criminology/
Oksol, Erin M., and William T. ODonohue iii A Critical Analysis of the Polygraph, in ODonohue & Levensky (2004), 601-634. Useful & up-to-date. Makes the following important points: ! Surveys the main methods (POT, PSE, DLT, TCT, R/I, RCT, CQT, GKT) used by polygraphers, critically questioning the assumptions underlying each. Only the GKT test shows promise. (pp.630-631) ! The interrogative features of most polygraph tests often elicit false confessions. (629) ! [T]he rate of false confessions remains unknown. (629) ! The main value of the polygraph is not its alleged ability to detect lies but its ability to induce confessions from guilty persons who believe it infallible. (629) Both co-authors are psychologists at the University of Nevada (Reno). Dr. ODonohue holds a 1986 PhD in psych from SUNY. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 601/ 3-Star/Interrogation/
ODonohue & Levensky (2004)
Olaoba, O. B. iii The Significance of Cross-Examination in Yoruba Traditional Jurisprudence. Ibadan, Nigeria: John Archers, 2000, 24pp. LOC: Congress; Yale; U of London. A monograph on the role of cross-examination in the informal legal system of the Yoruba-speaking people of southwest Nigeria. Written to honor Dr. G.O. Oguntomisin on his 60th birthday. On cross-examination in Western jurisprudence see also Wellman (1903, 1936), Ehrlich (1970), Grano (1993), and Iannuzzi (2000). Dr. Olaoba (PhD Ibadan U), a specialist in Nigerian customs, was a Senior Lecturer in Ibadan Universitys Institute of African Studies. Olaoba is himself a Yoruba. FIELDS: 3-Star/Cultures/Africa/Interrogation/
"Ole Luk-Oie" [penname of Maj-Gen. Sir Ernest Swinton] (1868-1951) iiii "The Second Degree," in the authors The Green Curve and Other Stories (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood & Sons, 1909), 37-72. LOC: BW; Congress. The earliest fictional tale of military counterdeception. Reprinted as Appendix A in Whaley, The Maverick Detective (2005). FIELDS: 4-Star/Fiction/Counterdeception/ Olschki, Leonardo (1885-1961) ii Geschichte der neusprachlichen wissenschaftlichen Literatur. Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universittsbuchhandlung, 3 volumes, 1918-1922. Reprinted 1965. LOC: UC-Berkeley (1965 reprint); CalState-LA (1965 reprint); NY PL.. A pioneering contribution to the history and philosophy of science. Prof. Olschki hypothesized that modern science couldnt evolve in scholastic university settings. Instead, it evolved among the groups of practitioners of the various arts and crafts, the experimentally-oriented craftsmen and artists. Specifically, Norbert Elias pointed to the gulf that separated the narrow vertical, top-to-down God-centered medieval thinkers from the wide horizontal world view of the rising empiricists of the Renaissance epoch. To whatever extent this theory holds, I believe it supplies a strong explanation of why the moral opposition to deception has been and still is so firmly held by some cultures and sub-cultures and not by others. Leonardo Olschki, one of the great philologists of the Romance languages, was Professor of Romance Philology at Heidelberg University at the time of writing the above. In 1933 Olschki, an apolitical Italian Jew, fled Hitlers Germany and immigrated in 1939 to the USA where he joined the faculty of the UC-Berkeleys Oriental Language Department. A biography is Anke Drner, La vita spezzata: Leonardo Olschki: ein jdischer Romanist zwischen Integration und Emigration (Tbingen: Stauffenburg Verlag, 2005, xii+346pp). FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/
iii Machiavelli the Scientist. Berkeley: The Gillick Press, 1945, 58pp. Excerpted in Lamar Jensen (editor), Machiavelli (Boston: Heath, 1960), 68-71. LOC: BW3; UC-Berkeley. By asking explicitly in 1513 how politics works instead of the traditional why Machiavelli became the first scientific analyst of politics. This put him on a parallel track with his fellow Florentine, Galileo, who in 1590 began to ask how physical objects worked. And Leonardo da Vinci, who had met and worked with Machiavelli in 1502, was moving along similar but less well defined lines. FIELDS: 3-Star/Science/Biography/
iiii Guillaume Boucher: A French Artist at the Court of the Khans. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1946, viii+125pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley. A fine early example of biographical reconstruction that anticipates Heuers recent Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) method. Prof. Olschki, the good teacher, leads us step-by-step through his search for evidence, including sending us down all the blind alleys that hed pursued, discarding successive hypotheses until we (and he) confront and accept the most plausible one. I trace this primitive ACH-type research model back to A.J.A. Symonss The Quest for Corvo: An Experiment in Biography (1934). Symonss ingenuous approach
was to interweave his own detective search to uncover the truth about the mysterious Baron Corvo with the reconstructed biography of the man. I followed Symons and Olschki intentionally in Codeword BARBAROSSA (1973) & The Man Who Was Erdnase (1991). This particular analytical method has been codified by Richards J. Heuer, Jr. (1999) and refined by Stech & Elsaessar (2004). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Art/Logic/China/Biography/
Olson, James M. ii The Ten Commandments of Counterintelligence, Studies in Intelligence, No.11 (Fall-Winter 2001). Much sound advice. Dr. Olson (Iowa JD in International Law) had served 31 years in the CIA since 1969, mainly in clandestine ops. FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterintel/
Oring, Elliott (1945- ) ii Everything is a Shade of Elephant: An Alternative to a Psychoanalysis of Humor, New York Folklore, Vol.1, No.3-4 (Winter 1975), 149-160. LOC: Middlebury College. Oring moves confidently into the Incongruity Theory camp, a position he retained in writing his The Jokes of Sigmund Freud (1984). Dr. Oring (PhD, Indiana U), a noted specialist on humor and an anthropologist & folklorist, was a Professor (now emeritus) of Anthropology at California State University at Los Angeles. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Incongruity/Folklore/
iii Jokes and Their Relations. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1992, xii+171pp. LOC: BW. A clear reiteration and enlargement of Orings view of the incongruity basis of humor. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
iiii Engaging Humor. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003, xii+208pp. LOC: BW. Prof. Orings best statement of the Incongruity Theory of humor. FIELDS: 4-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Orne, Martin T. (1927-2000) iii The potential uses of hypnosis in interrogation, in Biderman & Zimmer (1961), 169-215. Includes (pp.208-210) Orne's independent suggestion of the "Magic Room" interrogation technique earlier introduced by German magician Scharff (see Toliver & Scharff [1979]) and unwittingly reinvented by Jones & Sigall (1971). See also Deshere (1960), Block (1976), and Sarbin 1988). Written while the Vienna-born Dr. Orne (1958 Harvard PhD in psychology and Tufts MD psychiatrist) was at Harvard Medical School. Because of his specialties and
occasional consulting connections to CIA-funded projects, Orne is widely attacked by various believers in Recovered Memory, CIA Mind Control, and Alien Abduction. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/
________, Richard I. Thackray, David A. Paskewitz ii On the Detection of Deception: A Model for the Study of the Physiological Effects of Psychological Stimuli, in N. S. Greenfield & R. A. Sternbach, Handbook of Psychophysiology (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1972), 743-785. A review of research on the subject by Dr. Orne at the University of Pennsylvania, and his associates. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Ortiz, Darwin (1949- ) iii Gambling Scams: How They Work, How To Detect Them, How To Protect Yourself. New York: Dodd Mead & Company, 1984, 262pp. LOC: BW. Still the most recent and reliable survey of the subject. See also Evans (1865); Erdnase (1902); Villiod (1906); Radner (1957), Garcia (1962); Whaley, Gardner, Busby (1991). Author is a prominent American magician and gambling specialist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Games/
Osborn, Albert S. (1858-1946) iii Questioned Documents: A Study of Questioned Documents with an Outline of Methods by which the Facts May be Discovered and Shown. Rochester, NY: The Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Co., 1910, xxiv+501pp. Introduction by Professor John H. Wigmore. LOC: U of West Florida; St. Thomas U. iiii 2nd ed., Albany, NY: Boyd Printing Company, 1929, 736pp. Facsimile reprint 1973. LOC: UC-Berkeley; US Navy Department. The premier classic work on the subject of authentification of documents. See also Malone (1796), Frazer (1894), Quirke (1930), Hilton (1956), Williamson & Meenach (1981), and Nickell (1996). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Documents/
Questioned Document Problems: The Discovery and Proof of the Facts. Albany: Boyd Printing Company, 1944, xxviii+486pp; ii 2nd ed., revised and edited by Albert D. Osborn, Albany: Boyd Printing Company, 1946, xxx+569pp. LOC: Los Angeles State College. An early comprehensive reference. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Osborn, Alex[ander F.] (1888-1966) i Your Creative Power: How to Use Imagination. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1948, 375pp. On the once faddish group-brainstorming method to encourage creative problem solving. Osborn, a teacher, financier, and advertiser (co-founder of the famed BBD&O ad agency), condensed this technique from his experience and witnessed the term brainstorming being coined in one of his groups in 1939. A revision is Applied Imagination: Principles and Procedures of Creative Thinking (NY: Scribners, 1953). Still in print in its 3rd edition (1993). Expanded from his original book. Evaluations that expose both strong and weak points in brainstorming-type techniques are Stein (1968), 934-936; Arieti (1976), 367-369; Eysenck (1995), 237; and Adams (2001). FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/
Osborne, Lawrence ii Regional Disturbances, New York Times Magazine (6 May 2001), 98-102. Addresses the question, How culturally specific is mental illness? See also Kiev (1964), Torrey (1972), and Kleinman (1988). The author is a freelance popular science writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/Cultures/
Osherson, Daniel N., and Scott Weinstein Paradigms of Truth Detection. Cambridge, Mass.: Center for Cognitive Science, MIT, 1988, 63pp. Published as the Centers Occasional Paper #37. LOC: Oxford. ii Reprinted in Journal of Philosophical Logic, Vol.18 (Dordrecht: 1989), 1-42. LOC: BW (copy). On detecting lies. Dr. Osherson (1973 PhD in psych from U Penn) was a cognitive psychologist at MIT. Dr. Weinstein (1975 PhD from Rockefeller U) was a philosopher at U Penn. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Osterburg, James W. ii What Problems Must Criminalists Solve, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol.59, No.3 (Baltimore: 1968), 427-433. LOC: BW (copy). During the course of this essay on the problems facing forensic scientists, Mr. Osterburg, an M.P.A. with 20 years as an NYPD cop on the faculty of the Department of Police Administration at Indiana U., introduces the original notion of tagging batches of a manufactured product such as paint so that it can be traced back from a crime scene to its original production. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
________, and Richard H. Ward criminal investigation: a method for reconstructing the past. 4th edition, Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing, 2004, xiv+817pp. LOC: U of Cincinnati. A standard text. Surprisingly and inexcusably weak uncritical of the methods cited, including hypnosis, polygraphing, and voice analysis, and manages to omit entirely Locards Exhange Principle. First published in 1991 by Osterburg & Ward, both ex-cops turned academic criminologists. See instead Kirk (1953) and Inman & Rudin (2001). FIELDS: 0-Star/Interrogation/
OSullivan, Maureen, and Paul Ekman iii The wizards of deception detection, in Granhag & Strmwall (2004), 269-286. A close-up look at individuals who are consistently successful at detecting deceptions. Dr. OSullivan, a Professor of Psychology at the University of San Francisco, has specialized in lie detection since 1985, often in collaboration with Paul Ekman. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Counterdeception/
Ekman (1985)
Owen, David (1939- ) Battle of Wits: A History of Psychology & Deception in Modern Warfare. London: Leo Cooper, 1978, xiii+207pp. LOC: NPS. Inconsequential mass-audience overview. Tells us nothing new. Owen is a British journalist. REV: Constantinides (1983), 353-354. A mixed review. FIELDS: 0-Star/Military/Deception/PSYOPS/
ii Hidden Evidence: 40 True Crimes and How Forensic Science Helped Solve Them. Willowdale, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books, 2000, 240pp. Foreword by Thomas T. Noguchi. Preface by Kathy Reichs. LOC: San Diego PL; Monterey PL. An adequate introductory popular book for general readers. REV: A. A. In his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.2, No.1 (Jan-Jun 2001). Gives a high recommendation. REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.28, No.4 (Oct 2004). FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Owen, Denis [Frank] ( -1996) iiii Camouflage and Mimicry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980, 158pp. LOC: Western Washington U (Illinois); U of Hong Kong. On animal camouflage. Although dated in some small parts, still the best book on the subject I know of. See also Hinton (1973) and Trivers (1985). Dr. Owen had been a British biologist at the Oxford Polytechnic since 1973. FIELDS: 3-Star/Camouflage/Zoology/
Owen, Guillermo, [and] Gordon H. McCormick ii Tracking a Moving Target. Manuscript, undated [2005?]. A game-theoretic model of a hunter seeking a moving hidden target. Dr. Owen (1962 Princeton PhD in Mathematics) is Professor of Mathematics at the Naval Postgraduate School. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Tracking/
McCormick & Owen (2004)
-PPacioli, Luca (1445?-1517?) Somma di Aritmetica, Geometria, Proporzioni e proporzionalita. Venice: Paganinus de Paganinia, 1494, 76 leaves. LOC: Yale; U of Bologna (microfiche). iiii English translation by John B. Geijsbeek, Ancient Double-entry Bookkeeping: Lucas Pacioli's Treatise (A.D.1494, the earliest known writer on bookkeeping) reproduced and translated with reproductions, notes, and abstracts from Manzoni, Pietra, Mainardi, Ympyn, Stevin, and Dafforne. Denver: J. B. Geijsbeek,1914, 182pp. LOC: Yale. Facsimile reprint, Houston, TX: Scholars Book Co., 1974, 182pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Edinburgh U. This math textbook includes the first codification of double-entry bookkeeping, that starting point for detecting most business errors and malpractices including embezzlement. It appears as 13 leaves of 36 brief chapters in this book of mathematics as its fifth and final section, titled "De Computis et Scriptoris" (Of Reckonings and Writings). Brother Luca was an Italian mathematician and Franciscan scholar-monk. See also Pratt (1965) and Prince (1991). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Business/Accountancy/
Paine, Robert T., Jr., and William J. Young ii A Preliminary Report on the Sub-Surface Structure of Glazes of Kuan and Kuan-type Wares, Far Eastern Ceramic Bulletin, Vol.23, No.3 (Ann Arbor: 1953), 2-20. LOC: BW (copy). Report of preliminary but encouraging studies by the authors at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts of authenticating one particular type of old Chinese porcelain by bubbles imbedded in its glaze. FIELDS: 2-Star/Pottery/
Pal, H[amendar] Bhisham (1934- ) ii The Plunder of Art. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1992, 176pp. LOC: Auraria L (Denver); Oxford; British L. On the international illegal trade in ancient Indian art. Covers theft, smuggling, making of fakes, and preventive & legal counter-measures. Lt. Col. Pal served during the Indo-Pakistan Wars in the 1960s and 70s and thence in the Indian Information Service. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Theft/Smuggling/
Pallone, Nathaniel J., and James J. Hennessy (editors) ii Fraud and Fallible Judgment: Varieties of Deception in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1995, ix+190pp. Preface by Irving Louis Horowitz. A collection of 13 provocative essays by 15 social scientists from various disciplines. See also Broad & Wade (1982), Kohn (1986), Miller & Hersen (1992), LaFollette (1992), and Glatzer (2000). The editors are academic psychologists and criminologists. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/
Pankau, Edmund J. (1944-2004) iii Hide Your A$$et$ and Disappear: A Step-By-Step Guide to Vanishing Without a Trace. New York: HarperCollins, 1999, xxiv+200pp. LOC: San Jose PL. A better than average how-to on changing your identity. Made the New York Times bestseller list. Mr. Pankau was a prominent American private eye. In fact he was once named one of the Top 25 Investigators of the Century. Not the most scrupulous man, hed been expelled in 1994 from the Houston Chapter Association of Certified Fraud Examiners for violating its code of ethics a fine qualification for writing this book. FIELDS: 3-Star/Escape&Evasion/
Pankratz, Loren (1940- ) , Laurence M. Binder iii Malingering on Intellectual and Neuropsychological Measures, in Rogers (1996), 223236. A survey of the literature on patients faking on the various psychological and psychiatric tests in clinical settings. Points out that this practice wasnt widely recognized until the late 1980s, most therapists simply assuming it was a problem only in criminal forensic settings where suspects were motivated to attempt deception. This paper described the several motives and methods used by various types of patients. It also make clear that psychotherapists lack good standardized tools for detecting patient faking. Both authors are American PhD clinical psychologists who worked at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Portland, Oregon. Of particular relevance is that the senior author, Loren D. Pankratz, was also an amateur magician with a long-standing interest in detecting various types of deception. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychotherapy/
Parascandola, Mark ii Epidemiology: Second Rate Science? In Public Health Reports (Jul 1998). A welcome defense of epidemiological statistics against the frequent claim (mainly from the smoking-doesnt-cause-cancer crowd) that they give only mere circumstantial evidence when, in fact, they can sometimes at least establish probable causal links, as by showing a highly likely connection between smoking and lung cancer. Also gives a much needed cautionary reminder that even the highly touted direct observations of laboratory researchers similarly involve uncertainty and inductive reasoning. Dr. Parascandola (Cambridge PhD in Philosophy), an historian and philosopher of science, has been an epidemiological researcher with NIH since 1997. FIELDS: 2-Star/Epidemiology
Park, Robert L. (1932- ) ii Voodoo Science: The road from foolishness to fraud. New York: Oxford UP, 2000, 230pp. LOC: Monterey PL. Surveys bad science, mainly in the USA in the post-WW II era. See also Klotz (1985), Broad & Wade (1982), Kohn (1986), Miller & Hersen (1992), LaFollette (1992), and Gratzer (2000). Dr. Park was a physics professor at the U of Maryland. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Fraud/
Parker, Charles F., [and] Eric K. Stern ii Blindsided? September 11 and the Origins of Strategic Surprise, Political Psychology, Vol.23, No.3 (2002), 601-630. LOC: BW (copy). Attributes the cause of strategic surprise to three main factors: psychological, bureauorganizational, and agenda-political. Concludes that, while surprise will remain common, its effects can be meliorated by intelligent anticipation. The authors are political scientists working in Sweden. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/
Parritt, B. A. H. ii The Intelligencers: The Story of British Military Intelligence up to 1914. 2nd Edition, Ashford: Intelligence Corps Association, 1983, xvi+238pp. LOC: Oxford. A generally satisfactory early history of British MI. The original 1971 edition (232pp) had been written with access to I Corps archives. For I Corps in the WW II period see Hinsley (1990, etc). Brigadier (Retired) Parritt had been Director of the Intelligence Corps. REV: Constantinides (1983), 356-357. Gives generally good marks to the first (1971) edition. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Britain/
Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895) SEE UNDER: Dubos (1976) Paul, Eberhard ii Die falsche Gttin: Geschichte der Antikenflschung [The False Goddess: History of Antique Forgery]. Leipzig, East Germany: Koehler & Amelang, 1962, 208pp. LOC: Yale; Youngstown State U; Oxford. On forging classical Greco-Roman arts. Paul was a German expert on ancient Rome. Took his PhD in 1963 in the subject from the University of Leipzig, East Germany. FIELDS: 2-Star/Greece/Rome/Antiques/
ii Geflschte Antike von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart [Forged Antiques from the Renaissance until Today]. Leipzig, East Germany: Koehler & Amelang, 1981, 283pp. Reprinted in Austria. LOC: U of Missouri; Oxford. Continuation of Dr. Pauls historical overview. FIELDS: 2-Star/Antiques/
Paul, Philip iii Murder Under the Microscope: The Story of Scotland Yards Forensic Science Laboratory. London: Macdonald, 1990, 368pp. Foreword by Lord Walton. Comprehensive account by a British science journalist. See also Nickolls (1956), Hall (1974), OConnor (2001). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Forensics/
Paulos, John Allen (1945- ) iii Mathematics and Humor. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980, 116pp. Dr. Paulos (PhD in math), a popular expositor of things mathematical, gives interesting examples of where and how mathematics intersects with humor. I think it likely that the books weakest section is Chapter 5 (A Catastrophic Theory Model of Jokes and Humor, pp.75-99), which seems merely an amusing fancy. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Paulus, Dietrich W. R., Joachim Hornegger ii Applied Pattern Recognition: Algorithms and Implementation in C++. 4th Edition, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 2003, x+372pp. LOC: NPS; Manchester U. Demonstrates the efficiency of the C++ programming language for pattern recognition. An advanced text for the professional. The 1st edition, Pattern Recognition of Images and Speech in C++ appeared in 1995. Dr. Paulus is a computational visualist at the University of Koblenz/Landau. Dr. Hornegger teaches medical image processing, tomography, and 3D computer vision. FIELDS: 2-Star/IMINT/
Peake, Hayden B. (1932- ) iii The Readers Guide to Intelligence Periodicals. Washington, DC: National Intelligence Book Center Press, 1 Jan 1992, 250pp. Foreword by Walter Pforzheimer. LOC: NPS; National Defense U; UC-Berkeley; British L. Surveys over 150 American, British, and Canadian journals devoted to the subject as well as some others that more-or-less regularly publish intelligence articles. Peake retired from US Army military intelligence in 1977 to join the CIA where he served in various capacities from intel to ops. Left in 1986 to pursue a PhD at Georgetown where hed previous taken an MA in international relations. Now serves simultaneously as Curator of the Historical Intelligence Collection in the CIA Library, as Adjunct Professor at the Joint Military Intelligence College in Washington, DC, and as a Professor at The Centre for Counterintelligence and Security Studies.
REV: James D. Calder in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.9, No.2 (Apr 1994), 384385. Although regretting Peakes frugality in passing along his expert personal judgments, Prof Calder concludes that this vital work is an essential item for all academic libraries and serious intelligencers. SUBJECT: FIELDS: R&D/ 3-Star/INTEL/Periodicals/
The Annotated Bibliography of Intelligence Literature. Washington, DC: Joint Military Intelligence College, 2nd Edition, 1996. iii The VENONA Progeny, Naval War College Review (Summer 2000). LOC: BW (copy); http://cicentre.com. A reliable guide to the first 7 books on the VENONA decrypts of Soviet espionage radio traffic. I will let this detailed article stand in their place. FIELDS: 3-Star/SIGINT/HUMINT/
Pearce, Neil [E.] ii A Short Introduction to Epidemiology. Second Edition, Wellington, New Zealand: Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, Feb 2005, 152pp. LOC: Internet. A compact but nearly comprehensive survey of theory and methods. Useful. Substantially enlarged from the 1st edition of Jun 2003. Dr. Pearce (1985 PhD in Epidemiology) is a professor at Massey University in New Zealand. REV: Mark Pasascandola in Journal of Epidemiological Community Health, Vol.59, No.10 (Oct 2005), 911. FIELDS: 2-Star/Epidemiology/
Peirce, Charles Sanders (1839-1914) SEE UNDER: Eco & Sebeok (1983). Eco (1984) Moriarty (1996) Flach & Kakas (2000) Haack (2003) Penry, Jacques (1904-1987) i Looking at Faces and Remembering Them: A Guide to Facial Identification. London: Elek Books, 1971, 111pp. A textbook of facial topography based on the authors PHOTO-FIT system of producing composite photos of crime suspects. Gives no credit to anyone other than Bertillonno mention of the earlier systems like McDonalds Identi-Kit system (which had already been adopted by Scotland Yard and 600 other police departments) or Iannarellis Earology. See also Hinkle (1990) and Boylan (2000). Penry was a prominent writer on physiognomy, the pseudo-scientific theory that a persons character can be detected by the shape of their face. FIELDS: 1-Star/MASINT/Memory/
Perkins, D[avid] N. (1942- ) i The Minds Best Work. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981, ix+314pp. Perkins is a 1970 MIT PhD in math and AI and since the following year served at Harvard Universitys Graduate School of Educations Project Zero think tank. See also Koestler (1949 & 1964), Arieti (1976), Simon (1986), Boden (1990), Eysenck (1995), De Groot & Gobet (1996), Pinker (1997), and Simonton (1999). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/
ii Archimedes Bathtub: The Art and Logic of Breakthrough Thinking. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000, x+288pp. Writing as David Perkins. LOC: BW. A substantial update of the above book. Gives Perkins theory of how to teach insight through Klondike thinking. Readable, sound and even useful in its early chapters, but increasingly speculative as the author drifts into the quicksand fields of Artificial Intelligence (his own specialty) and biological evolution. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Computers/
Perrow, Charles iii Complex Organizations: A Critical Essay. Third Edition, New York: Random House., 1986, x+307pp. LOC: Piedmont College. An overview of the main theories of organizational structuring plus Perrow's own. A creditable job, particularly given the author's ability to adopt only the more practical elements of the Deconstructionists among whom he counts himself. The 1st edition had appeared in 1972. Dr. Perrow (1960 UC-Berkeley PhD in Sociology) was at SUNY when he wrote the original edition of this book. FIELDS: 3-Star/Sociology/
ii Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1984, x+386pp. Facsimile reprint 1999, with a New Afterword & Postscript. LOC: NPS. Classic study of risk management. See also Reason (1990 & 1997) and Strauch (2002). Important applications to military disasters are Cohen & Gooch (1990) and particularly Dahl (2004), 61-72, 78-79. Perrow had been a Professor of Sociology at Yale 1981-1999 when emerited. FIELDS: 2-Star/Accidents/
Perry, James M. ii Arrogant Armies: Great Military Disasters and the Generals Behind Them. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996,vi+314pp. LOC: NPS. How not to fight. See also Fair (1971), Tuchman 1984), Cohen & Gooch (1990), Durschmied (2002); and D. Johnson (2004). Perry is an American political writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/
Peters, C. J. (1940- ), M.D., and Mark Olshaker (1951- ) ii Virus Hunter: Thirty Years of Battling Hot Viruses Around the World. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday, 1997, xi+323pp. Memoirs of an American epidemiologist. See also Imperato (1979) and McCormick & Fisher-Hoch (1996). Dr. Clarence James Peters was the CDCs Chief of Special Pathogens. Olshaker is a non-fiction writer who specializes in crime writing. FIELDS: 2-Star/Epidemiology/
Peters, Edward (1936- ) ii Torture. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985, xiv+202pp. LOC: NPS. An informative history of torture. See also Aussaresses (2002). Dr. Peters professed medieval history at the University of Pennsylvania. FIELDS: 2-Star/InterrogationTorture/
Peters, George A. (1924- ), and Barbara J. Peters (1950- ) ii Automotive Vehicle Safety. London: SAE/Taylor & Francis, 2002, xvii+210pp. LOC: Congress; U of the Pacific (Stockton). A comprehensive textbook and reference work on traffic accident investigation. See also Van Kirk (2001). Both authors are American lawyers, Peters also an engineer and psychologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Accidents/
Peters, Ken The Counterfeit Coin Story. Kent, England: Envoy Publicity, 2002, iv+217pp. LOC: Oxford; Trinity College; scarce; not seen. Reportedly a good concise history of coin forgery. FIELDS: ?-Star/Coins/
Petersen, Julie K. iiii Understanding Surveillance Technologies: Spy Devices, Their Origins & Applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001, viii+ca.900pp+xxvi. LOC: NPS. A huge compendium. A superb reference summarizing covering the working, uses, history, advantages, and limitations of all major surveillance techniquesacoustic, electromagnetic, chemical, biological, etc. Ms. Petersen was a technologist & technical writer since 1980. FIELDS: 4-Star/INTEL/
Petersen, Neal H. i American Intelligence, 1776-1990: A Bibliographical Guide. Claremont, CA: Regina Books, 1992, 406pp. LOC: NPS; LSE. A giant compendium of 6,166 titles. Organized by topics. Although each of these sections has a brief introduction drawing attention to the main works, the separate items are not annotated. Petersen is an American intelligence historian. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/USA/
Peterson, Harold L. (1922-1978) iii How Do You Know Its Old? A Practical Handbook on the Detection of Fakes for the Antique Collector and Curator. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1975, ix+166pp. LOC: Miami-Dade PL. The same in facsimile PB as How to Tell If Its a Fake: Trade Secrets Revealed for Antique Collectors and Dealers [1978]. Best of the several monographs on authentication of the full range of alleged antiques. Covers woods, metals, ceramics, scrimshaw, horn, and stone. See also Lee (1950), Yates (1950), Kaye (1989), Bly (2002), and Chervenka (2002). The knowledgeable author had been chief curator of the U.S. National Park Service since 1946. FIELDS: 3-Star/Antiques/
Peterson, T. F. [pen name of Kathleen Thurston-Lighty] ii Nightworks: A History of Hacks and Pranks at MIT. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2003, xi+178pp. Foreword by Jane Pickering, Director, MIT Museum. LOC: Sacramento PL. The story of the rich tradition of student practical joking and other pranks at MIT. How did I miss all of this during my 8 years there? T. F. Peterson, self-styled Institute Historian, is the pseudonym of Kathleen Thurston-Lighty, who in fact is an historian at the MIT Museum. She compiled this with the help of other MITers such as student Brian Leibowitz. FIELDS: 2-Star/Hoax/
Petitcolas, Fabien A. P. ii Introduction to information hiding, in Katzenbeisser & Petitcolas (2000), Chapter 1, pp1-14. A handy history of steganography from antiquity to the present state-of-the-art. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Cryptology/
Anderson & Petitcolas (1998)
Petschel, H. K. iii Spurious Stamps: A History of U.S. Postal Counterfeits. State College, PA: American Philatelic Society, 1997, ii+iii+265pp. LOC: Florida State U. Covers more than 40 mostly common (not rare) U.S. stamps that were counterfeited specifically to defraud the post office of their face value. Rich in both historical and technical detail. Well-researched from a wide range of sources.
See particularly Fletcher (1977) and also Moens (1862), Eare (1882 & 1905), Ragatz (1953), Bloom (1957), Chemi (1974), Schmid (1979), Datz (1990), and Tyler (1991 & 1993). Howard Petschel is a life-long stamp collector and retired member of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service. FIELDS: 3-Star/Stamps/
Pfaltzgraff Jr., Robert L. ii Intelligence, Deception and Surprise: Implications for U.S. Policy in the 1980s: A Conference Synthesis. [Medford, Mass.]: International Security Studies Program, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 1979, 25pp. LOC: BW (copy). Prepared for the conference on Intelligence: Deception and Surprise, the 8th Annual Conference sponsored by the Scaife Foundation and hosted by the International Security Studies Program of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. Held 24-26 Apr 1979 at the Hyatt Regency Hotel, Cambridge, Mass. Dr. Pfaltzgraff (PhD in Political Science, U of Pennsylvania) was Professor of International Security Studies at the Fletcher School. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Surprise/
________, Uri Ra'anan (1926- ), and Warren Milberg (editors) iii Intelligence Policy and National Security. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1981, x+318pp. LOC: BW3; NPS. A collection of articles as a follow-on to the previous one. Includes important articles by Jones (1981), Katz (1981), Pfaltzgraff (1981), and Wohlstetter (1981). Prof. Raanan (MLitt, Oxford), a former Austrian and Israeli specialist in international relations, was then on the Fletcher School faculty. Milberg, a political scientist, had served with the CIA in Vietnam. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/
________ ii Intelligence: Deception and Surprise: Implications for United States Policy in the 1980s, in Pfaltzgraff, Raanan, & Milberg (1981), 297-314. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Surprise/
________, and John A. Sawicki ii Perceptions and Misperception Implications for Denial and Deception: A Literature Survey and Analysis. A paper presented to the Cantril Group conference on denial and deception held in Washington, DC., 2002. LOC: unpublished as of Mar 2005. A modestly successful attempt to condense, critique, and enlarge on earlier studies by Jervis (1968), Misperception Literature Survey (Deception Research Program, Mar 1979), Maxim et al (Apr 1980), and Heuer (1999). But needs further work, particularly through condensation and simplification. Dr. Sawicki was a 1998 PhD from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Perception/
Pforzheimer, Walter L[ionel] (1914-2003) (editor) ii Bibliography of Intelligence Literature. 8th ed., Defense Intelligence College, 1985, ix+90pp. LOC: NPS. A still valuable early bibliography of the open-source literature on military-political intelligence, greatly enhanced by the annotations by Pforzheimer supplemented with some by Col. Russell Bowen and Mr. George Constantinides. The first edition, compiled by Major John J. Guenther (USMC), had appeared in 1972. Dr. John J. Dziak, while serving on the faculty at the Defense Intelligence School 1966-76, edited the 2nd (1973), 3rd (1975), and 4th (1976) editions. Raymond Rocca and John Dziak have made substantial contributions to the later editions. The 7th (1981) was edited by Captain (USA) Robert P. Palmer. Other important general bibliographies of intelligence are Harris (1968), Constantinides (1983), and Clarke (2005). A lawyer, Dr. Pforzheimer (1938 Yale LL,B, later raised to JD) began his lifetime career in intelligence in 1942 when he served with U.S. Army Air Corps Intelligence. In 1948 became a founding member of the CIA as its first legislative counsel. By specializing in the history and bibliography of intelligence services and operations he helped broaden the perspective of many CIA and a few other U.S. government analysts. He was Curator of the CIA Historical Intelligence Collection, from 1956 until retiring in 1974. He kept two apartments in the Watergate, one for his extensive (15,000 volumes) personal library. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Bibliography/
Phelan, James (1912-1997) ii Scandals, Scamps, and Scoundrels: The Casebook of an Investigative Reporter. New York: Random House, 1982, xvi+222pp. LOC: San Diego PL A prominent American newsmans account of his lifetime delight with solving journalistic jigsaw puzzles. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Biography/
Philip, Lotte Brand (1910-1986) iiiThe Peddler by Hieronymus Bosch, a Study in Detection, Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek, Vol.9 (1958), 1-81. LOC: U of Missouri.. A revolutionary methodological approach to the historical analysis of paintings. Philips repeated her method in The Ghent Alterpiece and the Art of Jan van Eyck (Princeton: Princeton University Press,1971). Dr. Brand Philip received her doctorate in art history from the Albert-Ludwigs University in Freiburg. As a Christian of Jewish extraction she fled Nazi Germany, moving in 1941 to the USA. Initially she supported herself by designing jewelry in Providence, Rhode Island. Later she taught at Queens College from 1960 until she emerited in 1980. Ive read over a dozen accounts of her by her colleagues and students that note her extraordinary skill as an art detective, a master sleuth, a Sherlock Holmes, a Miss Marple, a Lieutenant Colombo, an Alfred Hitchcock. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/Methodology/
Phillips, David Atlee (1952-1988) i Intelligence Is No Laughing Matter, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, Vol.2, No.2 (Summer 1988), 267-272. On jokes that circulated in the CIA as semi-fictionalized in the authors regular Chez Espionage column. Atlee was a former senior CIA field officer in Latin America. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Picker, Gnther (1944- ) ii Der Fall Kujau: Chronik eines Flschungsskandals. Frankfurt: Ullstein Sachbuch, 1992, 140pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz; Cambridge. On Konrad Kujau (1938-2000) and his 1983 forgery of the Hitler Diaries. See also Hamilton (1991). Prof. Dr. Picker is a German scholar. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
ii Flscher Diebe Betrger: Die Kehrseite des Kunst- und Antiquittenmarkts [Forger, Thief, Swindler]. Munich: Bruckmann, 1994, 159pp. LOC: Yale; British L. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Piekalkiewicz, Janusz (1925-1988) Weltgeschichte der Spionage: Agenten, Systems, Aktionen. Munich: Sdwest Verlag, 1988, 568pp. Preface by Richard Meier. LOC: National Library of Austria. i English translation as World History of Espionage: Agents, Systems, Operations. Washington, DC: National Intelligence Book Center, 1998, 865pp. Preface by Richard Meier and translation by William H. Henhoeffer & Gerald L. Liebenau. LOC: Congress; Naval War College; Air U. A modern classic. A veritable encyclopedia but weakly documented and no index. REV: Sheldon (2003), 16-17, gives a high recommendation. FIELDS: 1-Star/HUMINT/
Pierce, J[ohn] R. (1910-2002) iii Symbols, Signals and Noise: The Nature and Process of Communication. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961, xi+305pp. Edited by James R. Newman. LOC: NPS. Facsimile reprint 1980. A readable and still useful summary of Shannon (1948) with many extensions. See also Weaver (1949). Dr. Pierce (1936 MIT PhD in Electrical Engineering) had been with the Bell Labs 1936-71, Caltech 1971-83, and Stanford since 1983. He coined the word transistor in 1948. FIELDS: 3-Star/Communications/
Pierce, Patricia (1943- ) i The Great Shakespeare Fraud: The Strange, True Story of William-Henry Ireland. Stroud, England: Sutton Publishing, 2004, xiv+273pp. LOC: San Diego State U; Colorado State U. Adequate biography of Mr. Ireland (1775?-1835) but weak on the detection of his forgeries. See also Grebanier (1966) and Malone (1796). FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
Piercy, Frederick Hawkins (1830-1891) A Crucial Test in Cases of Disputed Identity. 1873, 8pp, illustrations. LOC: Not seen and no location known to me. This brief illustrated pamphlet was reportedly the earliest attempt to establish IDs by sketches of faces, giving special attention to orientation of the eyes, form and design of the ears, and the form and size of the central groove that joins the nose and upper lip. Applying his method to the recently controversial Tichborne inheritance case, Piercy proved that claimant Arthur Orton would have been ruled out by his ears alone, which were 30% larger with a pendulous lobe. The author, a skilled English sketch artist and portrait painter, was famous for his account and illustrations of his journey in 1853 with a group of Mormon converts from Liverpool, England to Salt Lake City, Utah. Copies of this pamphlet are quite rarenone in the Library of Congress and the British Librarys only copy was destroyed in 1941 during the Blitz. The only description of this work I have found is in Rhodes (1956), 226. FIELDS: ?-Star/Memory/ID/
Pillsbury, Michael (ca.1945- ) ________ (editor) iii Chinese Views of Future Warfare. Revised Edition, Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1998, l+421pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Stanford; British L. A valuable collection of translations of recent Chinese military articles. Includes much advocacy of and techniques for surprise attack. The original edition had appeared in 1997. Dr. Pillsbury (Columbia PhD in Political Science) is a former defense analyst for RAND (1975-76) and teacher at Georgetown currently with the National Defense University. FIELDS: 3-Star/China/ ________ ii China Debates the Future Security Environment. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, Jan 2000, xlvi+382pp. LOC: NPS; Stanford; Internet. FIELDS: 2-Star/China/
________ The Chinese Tradition of Deception. Carlyle, Penn.: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, forthcoming in 2006 LOC: www.duke.edu/web/tiss/archives/conferencrecords/Deception. Expanded monographic version of a paper presented on 31 Oct 2003 at the Conference on Strategic Deception in Modern Democracies at Duke University. At the time of the original paper Dr. Pillsbury was on the Council of the SecDefs Office of Net Assessment. FIELDS: Forthcoming/Deception/China/
Pincher, Chapman (1914- ) i The Secret Offensive: Active Measures: A Saga of Deception, Disinformation, Subversion, Terrorism, Sabotage, and Assassination. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1985, 314pp. LOC: LSE. US edition as simply The Secret Offensive. New York: St. Martins Press, 1985, 314pp. LOC: NPS. Ill let this one work stand for the English journalists nearly one dozen generally factually accurate but weak books on Soviet intelligence matters. FIELDS: 1-Star/Terrorism/
Pinker, Steven (1954- ) iii How the Mind Works. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997, xii+660pp. LOC: Monterey PL. A popular but well-informed survey with several insights relevant to this subject. See also Miller (2000). Dr. Pinker (1979 Harvard PhD in Psychology) is a cognitive neuropsychologist, having switched to this field in the 1970s after buying ($2.95) and reading Colin Cherrys On Human Communication (2nd Edition, 1966). Professorships at MIT 1982-2003 and thence at Harvard. A philosophers book that sees Pinker claiming too much for the Computational Theory of Mind is Fodor (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/
iii The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature. New York: Viking Penguin, 2002, 528pp. LOC: BW. Challenges the widely-held belief that genetics plays only a minor role in human cognitive development. He sees this belief as rooted in three dogmas: (1) The Blank Slate (the mind has no built-in traits), (2) The Noble Savage (people are born good and made bad by society), and (3) The Ghost in the Machine (everyone has a soul that makes choices free from any constraints of their biology. See also Miller (2000). A strong critique of the considerable degree and specific points where Pinker overstates his case, particularly for Darwinian evolutionary psychology, is given by Rochester biology professor H. Allen Orr, Darwinian Storytelling, New York Review of Books, Vol.50, No.3 (27 Feb 2003), 17-20. A nasty rejoinder by Pinker and an even nastier reply by Orr are in New York Review of Books (1 May 2003), 48-49, show both men provoking each other into temperamental foolishness. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/
Pinkerton, Allan (1819-1884) SEE: Mackay (1996) Pinto, Oreste (1889-1961) iii Spy-catcher. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1952, 213pp; London: Werner Laurie, 1952, 175pp. Also in PB. Memoirs of a frequently successful Dutch counter-espionage security officer in WW Two Britain and in late 1944 at the Allied detention camp in Antwerp. Lt.-Col. Pinto covers training, qualifications, interrogation, and experiences. See also his Friend or Foe? (London: Laurie, 1953). REV: Studies in Intelligence, Winter 1963, reviewing his collected works. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 184. REF: Constantinides (1983), 375-376. Probably the earliest challenge to Pintos previously enthusiastic reviews. REF: West (1985), 118, gives some personal background on Pinto, and shows that Pintos memory could be shaky, at least on some details of the mysterious treachery of Christiaan [sic] King Kong Lindemans. For interrogation see also Toliver & Scharff (1979), Rabon (1992), Bryan (1997), Ford (1999), Hoare (2000), and Mackey & Miller (2002). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ CLASSES: 3-Star/HUMINT/Counterintel/Interrogation/ 603/
Pipes, Daniel (1949- ) i The Hidden Hand: Middle East Fears of Conspiracy. New York: St. Martins Press, 1996, xii+404pp. LOB: BW3. On the prevalence of conspiratorial theories throughout the Middle East. Although Pipes passingly acknowledges that Middle Easterners dont monopolize conspiracy theories, his book leaves the impression that it may be significantly more common in that small region of the world, particularly among Moslems. A world-wide, cross-cultural survey is needed to evaluate the weight we should give to this widespread cognitive pathology and its influence on policy makers. Dr. Pipes (1978 Harvard PhD in History), son of distinguished American Sovietologist Richard Pipes, is a prominent neo-conservative specialist on Middle Eastern affairs. Since 1994 he has been founder-director of the Middle East Forum think tank. FIELDS: 1-Star/Cultures/Arabia/
Pitorri, Peter (1938- ) i Counterespionage for American Business. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998, xiii+130pp. LOC: San Jose PL. An adequate how-to manual for beginners. Pitorri had more than 30 years experience in intelligence, investigations, and security, including 14 years in private practice and 9 with the DIA as an internal affairs investigator. FIELDS: 1-Star/Business/Counterespionage/
Pizzi, William T. (1943- ) iii Trials without Truth. New York: New York University Press, 1998, 254pp. A prosecutor-turned-law professors critique of the American adversarial system as a process for determining truth has given way to one for winning or losing. Extensive comparison with foreign systems, specifically England, Germany, Holland, and Norway. See also Dershowitz (1996). FIELDS: 3-Star/Law/Interrogation/
Plaster, Maj. John L. iii The Ultimate Sniper: An Advanced Training Manual for Military & Police Snipers. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press, 1993, x+453pp. LOC: Ft. Lewis (Wash.); Annapolis. Includes much sound advice on mantracking, sniping, and counter-sniping. Other books on sniping are listed in the main text, but this is probably the best introduction. Maj. Plaster (USAR, Ret), now a private investigator, had served in Vietnam as a Special Forces NCO. FIELDS: 3-Star/Tracking/Snipers/
Platt, Washington, and Ross A. Baker iii The Relation of the Scientific Hunch to Research, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol.8, No.10 (Oct 1931), 1969-2002. LOC: BW (copy). Important early survey of the literature on the role of intuition in scientific discovery. Cited in Cannon (1945), 58-59, 62; and Loewi (1953), 26. Both authors were American chemists. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Science/Intuition/
Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849) SEE UNDER: Matthews (1907) Locard (1924) Ketterer (1979) Wilcocks (1994)
Wells (1913) Walsh (1968) Eco & Sebeok (1983)
Poincar, H[enri] (1854-1912) iiii Intuition and Logic in Mathematics, in his The Value of Science (New York: Science Press, 1907. English translation by George Bruce Halsted). LOC: Congress. Reprinted in George Bruce Halsted (editor and translator), The Foundations of Science (Lancaster, PA: The Science Press, 1913), 210-222. Reprinted in 1946 & 1982. LOC: BW. A brilliant exposition that foreshadows and is often superior to theorizing by social scientists who were unaware of the French mathematicians prior work. This chapter originally was published in Poincars La valeur de la science (1905) and first appeared in English translation (Halsteds) in 1907 as reprinted in the above 1913 edition. Dr. Poincar (1879 U of Paris doctorate in math) taught science at the University of Paris (Sorbonne) from 1881 until his death. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Science/Logic/Intuition/
iiiii "Mathematical Creation," in George Bruce Halsted (editor and translator), The Foundations of Science (Lancaster, PA: The Science Press, 1913), 383-394. Reprinted 1946 & 1982. LOC: BW3. Also reprinted (with much garbling) in Brewster Ghiselin (editor), The Creative Process (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952), 36-40. This is the famous chapter, taken from his posthumous Autobiography (1913), in which the brilliant French mathematician describes in detail and step-by-step his own inventive problem-solving process. Favorable modern critiques are Boden (1990), 19-23; and Modell (2003), 28-29. For other speculations on mathematical creation see Wallas (1926), Polya (1945), and Hadamard (1945). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 5-Star/Creativity/ CLASSES: 601/
Pollak, Richard (ca.1934- ) iii The Creation of Dr. B: A Biography of Bruno Bettelheim. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997, 478pp. Carefully researched expos of famous Austro-American psychoanalyst Bettelheim (1903-1990) who turns out to have been a cunning and remarkably successful charlatan. Contrary to his lying claims to three PhDs with honors, he had only one in philosophy without honors; hed never studied under Freud; he wasnt even a psychoanalyst; he hadnt been rescued from the Nazi concentration camps by Eleanor Roosevelt; hed faked data in his studies of both concentration camp inmates and autistic children; hed plagiarized much of his best-selling book on fairy tales; and, contrary to his own teachings, hed physically beaten inmates of his own asylum for disturbed children. Pollak is an American journalist. Because his findings have been disputed by some gullible pro-Bettelheim therapists, its relevant to note that all his major conclusions were independently confirmed by pro-Bettelheim biographer Nina Sutton in her Bettelheim: Life and Legacy (New York: Basic Books, 1996). FIELDS: 3-Star/Plagiarism/Con/Biography/
Polmar, Norman, and Thomas B. Allen i SPY BOOK: The Encyclopedia of Espionage. 2nd Edition, New York: Random House Reference, 2004, xxviii+718pp. Foreword by Nigel West. LOC: LA PL; Congress. With 3,500 plus entries this is the most nearly complete of the several similar reference works. And it may be the best of a largly bad lot. Nevertheless, while significantly corrected since the original (1997) edition, the many errors (even got Wests DOB wrong) and lack of references render it generally unsatisfactory. See instead Lerner (2004). Both authors are American naval & military historians, Polmar having been Allens mentor. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.49, No.1 (2005), concluded, too generously, I believe, that this edition should be of value to students, professors, and general readers. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/HUMINT/
Allen (1987)
Polya, G[eorge] (1887-1985). iii How to Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1945, xv+204pp. LOC: NPS. NOTE: The 2nd Edition (1957) adds nothing relevant here. Proposes an original 4-step method for solving math problems. Clever but rejected by many math teachers as too often inappropriate, a point later conceded by Plya. Even so, packed with useful ideas on general problem-solving. The original edition appeared in 1945 after Plyas manuscript had been rejected by four European publishers. An instant classic work on heuristics of which Alan Schoenfeld wrote For mathematics education and the world of problem solving it marked a line of demarcation between two eras, problem solving before and after Plya. With 17 translations it has sold over a million copies. See also Poincar (1913), Hadamard (1945), and van der Waerden (1983). Gyrgy Plya was an Hungarian mathematician who moved in 1940 to the USA where he ended his distinguished career at Stanford. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Logic/
Polyaenus (2nd century AD) Strategematium libri octo. Around 163 AD. Greek manuscript. iii Stratagems of War, Excerpts, and Leo the Emperor. Translated into English with facing Greek text and edited by Peter Krentz & Everett J. Wheeler. Chicago: Ares Publishers Inc., 1994, 2 volumes, xxxiii+1091pp. LOC: BW; Congress; Oxford. A collection of around 800 ruses of war (and some of diplomacy) as practiced in the Classic Mediterranean world by the Greeks and their enemies (some 700 cases) and the Romans and their enemies (about 100 cases). Loosely organized historically and geographically but no theory. See also Frontinus (ca.90 AD). This important early work had been composed by Polyaenus, a Macedonian lawyer, orator, and writer who dedicated this, his only surviving book, to the Roman Emperors Marcus Aurelius & Lucius Verus on the occasion of their Parthian War of AD 161-166. The surviving text preserves 833 stratagems of the 900 in the authors original manuscript. REV: Sheldon (2003), 68. Dr. Rose Mary Sheldon judges this version by Krentz & Wheeler to be the more readable and accurate of the two English translations, the other being the 1793 version by R. Shepherd. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Deception/Military/Greece/Rome/
Pool, Ithiel de Sola (1917-1984) iiii Content Analysis for Intelligence Purposes, World Politics, Vol.12, No.3 (Apr 1960), 478-485. LOC: BW (offprint). An essay inspired by reading George (1959), which see. Dr. Pool (1952 Chicago PhD), a student of Harold Lasswell and Nathan Leites, was a Professor of Political Science at MIT. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 4-Star/INTEL/Content/
603/
iii Content Analysis and the Intelligence Function, in Arnold A. Rogow (editor), Politics, Personality, and Social Science in the Twentieth Century (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1969), 197-223. LOC: NPS. On Harold Lasswell as a theoretician of intelligence analysis in the widest sense. FIELDS: 3-Star/Content/Biography/
________, and Manfred Kochen (1928-1989) iiii Contacts and Influence. Circulated In manuscript 1958. First printed in Social Networks, Vol.1 (1978/79), 1-48. Reprinted in Kochen (1989), 3-51. This was one of the first explicit studies of what would later be called the Small World. See Freeman (2004), 107-109. On small worlds in general see also Rapoport & Rebhun (1952), Whaley (1961), Milgram (1967), Steele (1989), Kochen (1989), Krackhardt (1998 & 1999), and Watts (1999 & 2003). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Networks/
________, with the collaboration of Barton Whaley ii Deterrence as an Influence Process. Cambridge, Mass.: Center for International Studies, MIT, 1963, 60 leaves. LOC: MIT; Tufts U. An influential paper within the Harvard-MIT Arms Control Seminar community. I contributed only some light editing and the bibliography (on leaves 52-60). FIELDS: 2-Star/Deterrence/ _________ ii Approaches to Intelligence and Social Science, in Paltzgraff, Raanan & Milberg (1981), 37-45. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Poole, H. J[ohn] (1943- ) ii The Last Hundred Yards: The NCOs Contribution to Warfare. Emerald Isle, NC: Posterity Press, 1996, xix+399pp. Foreword by William S. Lind. LOC: NPS; Congress. Poole, a long-serving US Marine, having done his lieutenants basic training in 1967, initially retired after 20 years as a lieutenant colonel then returned in 1986 as E-7 gunnery sergeant at which enlisted rank he finally retired in 1993. His point of view for this and all his later books is that of the individual warrior or squad in close combat. In such up-close contact these non-coms and privates tend to see ahead no more than 75 yards while their officers normally focus at around a thousand yards. Pooles basic theme is that the US Army and Marines have come to overemphasize rank, technology, and firepower at the expense of close combat tactics where sheer survival much less any success depends on deceptive tactics stealth, stalking, using ones senses, etc. The Foreword was contributed by Lind, who with four Army and Marine officers coined and launched the Fourth Generation Warfare concept in 1989. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/
i One More Bridge to Cross: Lowering the Cost of War. Emerald Isle: Posterity Press, 1999, xvii+142pp. Foreword by William S. Lind. LOC: NPS. Designed by Poole mainly to help his fellow Christian fundamentalists accept that in war against evil its OK to kill the evil enemy. His pointing out the Devil as the Lord of Deception may explain Pooles reluctance to use the word deception, except when directly and favorably quoting Sun Tzu. However deception is what all his books teach us to use ourselves and detect in our opponents. Otherwise I recommend his three other books, particularly The Tigers Way. FIELDS: 1-Star/China/
iii Phantom Soldier: The Enemys Answer to U.S. Firepower. Emerald Isle, NC: Posterity Press, 2001, xix+338pp. Foreword by William S. Lind. LOC: NPS. Focused on Asian deceptive ways of war, one that avoids frontal attack in favor of indirect approaches. I would have given this fine book four stars except for my concern that too many of his assertions about the beliefs of Asian soldiers arent referenced. FIELDS: 3-Star/China/Korea/
iiii The Tigers Way: A U.S. Privates Best Chance for Survival. Emerald Isle, NC: Posterity Press, 2003, xxx+452pp. Foreword by Maj. Gen. Ray L. Smith, USMC (Ret). LOC: BW3; NPS; National Defense U. Tightens and makes welcome revisions to the authors previous books. Adds Russian and German small unit tactics to his previous Asian model. Although Poole documents almost every point of fact, many of his citations only marginally relate to their reference. Moreover, I suspect he overrates the effectiveness of the invisible and hypnotic arts of ninjutsu and ninpo. Despite Pooles several small flaws, I am greatly impressed that he manages to effectively reinvent most of the basic and best theories of Liddell Hart, R. V. Jones, Bill Harris, and myself and without, I believe, having read any of our works. Thus he supports my contention that ours are theories of broad utility, particular in that Poole shows them to apply fully at the lowest level of the Grand Strategy-to-Minor Tactics continuum as I had asserted but not proved in 1969. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 4-Star/Russia/Germany/ CLASSES: 601/
ii Tactics of the Crescent Moon: Militant Muslim Combat Methods. Emerald Isle, NC: Posterity Press, 2004, xxviii+342pp. Foreword by Maj. Gen. Ray L. Smith USMC (Ret.). LOC: NPS. Essentially the same as the authors above books but with a tighter focus on Islamic terrorist tactics against Russian, Israeli, and US regular forces. FIELDS: 2-Star/Terrorism/Islamicists/
Pope, Elizabeth C. (editor) (1912- ) ii Opinions: Philatelic ExpertizingAn Inside View. New York: The Philatelic Foundation, 1983, 141. LOC: Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Members of the Philatelic Foundations Expert Committee take us step-by-step through the authentication of 43 stamps, cancellations, and covers. This is the first of six volumes of a series that appeared until 1992, all but the last having been edited by Pope. FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/
Pope, Maurice iii The Story of Decipherment: From Egyptian hieroglyphs to Maya script. Revised Edition, London: Thames and Hudson, 1999, 232pp. LOC: Oxford. Widely judged the then latest and best overall account. Pope asserts that any decipherment theory may be rejected out of hand on three grounds: 1) the decipherment is arbitrary; 2), the decipherment is based on false principles; or 3) the decipherment has been ousted by a better decipherment. The original edition had appeared in 1975. See also Boone (2005). Pope, educated at Cambridge, was formerly Professor of Classics at the University of Cape Town. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Cryptology/
Popper, Karl R. (1902-1994) iii The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1959, 480pp. Professor Poppers revolutionary theory of creativity in science, the first such since Sir Francis Bacons. Although in turn substantially challenged, still relevant and useful. His theory of Falsification, although widely rejected, does provide a fine touchstone for the detection of deception whenever it is present. Compare Kuhn (1962); Merton (1973); Campbell (2001), 225-227; and Haack (2003). Dr. Popper, born in Vienna took his PhD in Philosophy in 1928 from the University of Vienna. Of Jewish ancestry, he fled Nazism in 1937, emigrating to New Zealand. In 1946 he moved to England to take a teaching position at LSE. Knighted in 1965. REV: Martin Gardner, A Skeptical Look at Karl Popper, Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.25, No.4 (Jul/Aug 2001), 3-14, 72. Comes down hard on Popper. I believe this review represents one of Martins rare off-key moments. FIELDS: 3-Star/Creativity/Logic/Methodology/
Porter, Stephen [B.] (1970- ) (editor) Forensic Psychology, published as a Special Issue of the Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, Vol.36, No.2 (Toronto: Apr 2004), 81 and following. LOC: not seen. Nine articles by as many specialists. I have been unable to get a copy. But see Vrij (2004).
Dr. Porter (PhD, U of British Columbia) has since 1998 been a member of the psychology department at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. FIELDS: ?-Star/Psychology/
________, Mike Woodworth, Angela R. Birt iii Truth, Lies, and Videotape: An Investigation of the Ability of Federal Parole Officers to Detect Deception, Law and Human Behavior, Vol.24, No.6 (Dec 2000), 643-658. LOC: BW (copy). A before-and-after study of 32 Canadian parole officers in a 2-day course on how to detect lies and three groups of undergraduate college students showed that all uninstructed groups performed at or below chance levels. After instruction, only the parole officer group showed marked improvement. Conclusion: detecting deception is difficult, but training and feedback can enhance detection. The three co-authors are psychologists at Canadian universities. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Canada/Lying/
Posner, Richard A. (1939- ) ii Preventing Surprise Attacks: Intelligence Reform in the Wake of 9/11. Stanford: Hoover Institution, 2005, ix+214pp. LOC: NPS (on order); U of Oregon; Australian Defence Force Academy. A critical analysis of the Congressional 9/11 committee recommendations for reform of the US intel community and the legislation flowing from it. Faults the committees specific recommendations as superficial and unsound because they neglected the extensive and long-standing academic studies of surprise attack and intelligence. Finds the subsequent enacted legislation seriously weak and often counter-productive. However the author takes heart in his belief that the very weakness of this legislation gives the President great freedom to make effective implementations. Perhaps, but I discount much of Posners analysis because he is a captive (pp.74-79) of the Wohlstetter (1962) hypothesis that we generally cant predict strategic surprise attacks because we cant separate the signals from the noise except in hindsight. Judge Posner serves on the U.S. Court of Appeals in Chicago. He is a graduate of Harvard Law and a Lecturer in the U of Chicago Law School. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/
Potter, Stephen (editor) (1900-1969) ii Sense of Humour. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954, xii+271pp. LOC: San Diego PL. A valuable collection introduced (pp.3-41) by the editors thought-filled essay on English humor. Potter, an English literatus, had authored that fine series of tongue-in-cheek satirical books titled Gamesmanship (1947), Lifemanship (1950), and One-upmanship (1952), titles that contributed the first and the last to the English language. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Potter, William C. (editor) ii Verification and SALT: The Challenge of Strategic Deception. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1980, xiv+256pp. LOC: Marine Corps U; Cambridge; LSE. Collected papers from a conference at the University of California, Los Angeles, on 3 Aug 1979. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Inspection/
Prag, John, and Richard Neave iii Making Faces: Using Forensic and Archaeological Evidence. London: British Museum Press, 1997, 256pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL; Oxford. A solid account. These reconstructions are, except by chance, never more than approximations. See also Gerasimov (1971) and Joyce & Stover (1991). Classical archaeologist Prof. Prag and forensic artist Dr. Neave were both at the University of Manchester. REV: Martin Evison in British Archaeology, No.31 (Feb 1998). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Forensics/Archaeology/
Pratt, Lester A., C.P.A. (1892- ) ii Bank Frauds: Their Detection and Prevention. 2nd edition. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1965, vi+276pp. LOC: Florida International U. The author was an accountant whose firm had extensive experience with the subject. An expanded version of the authors 1947 edition. See also Pacioli (1494) and Prince (1991). FIELDS: 2-Star/Accountancy/Fraud/
Press, Daryl G[rayson] iii Calculating Credibility: How Leaders Assess Military Threats. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005, ix+218pp. LOC: BW (Nov 05); NPS. A highly original study which finds that: ! Counter-intuitively, but evidently only at the level of international politics, past actions do not determine the credibility of any given threat. Instead, current credibility is determined solely by current power and interests. ! The actors in all competitive situationsfrom gambling and sports to warcan use bluffs and feints to great advantage. ! Therefore, Press concludes, the post-World War II and post- 9/11 general American foreign policy tendency to never back down during crisis for fear of losing credibility is too rigid, too limiting of options, and consequently largely dysfunctional. As important as these findings are, the most interesting aspect of this book to me is the authors explanation of his research method. He describes it in six concise paragraphs, modestly hidden in the least appropriate and most easily overlooked place, the Acknowledgments (pp.vii-viii). This is the scientific method at its best, although seldom made explicitthe rare exceptions including Olschki (1946); Whaley (1973), Introduction; Heuer (1999), and Stech & Elsaessar (2004).
Dr. Press (2001 MIT PhD in Political Science) has been a RAND consultant since 1994, an assistant professor of government at Dartmouth since 2000-2005, and an associate professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania since 2005. His current work with Benjamin Valentino (also MIT & Dartmouth) on strategies for dealing with insurgencies seems quite promising. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/INTEL-analysis/ CLASSES: 601/
Prestbo, John A. (editor) (1941- ) ii Sleuthing: Stories of modern detectives and detection. Princeton, NJ: Dow Jones Books, 1975, 181pp. LOC: San Diego PL. A collection of 28 news stories of various types of crimes as originally reported in The Wall Street Journal. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/
Preston, Bob (1951- ), John Baker iiii Through a Glass Darkly: Deception in the Era of Commercial Imaging Satellites and Global Transparency. A paper for presentation at the session on Military Operations and Deception in the Age of Transparency hosted by the International Studies Association Conference, Chicago, 22 Feb 2001. LOC: BW (copy); www.isanet.org. An important entry on the subject. A good balance between theory based mainly on Whaley (1969 & 1982) and several case examples, although I question whether at least one of these show that the authors are unclear about counterdeception realities in ground combat. The conclusions assess the several generally underappreciated inadequacies and deception-vulnerabilities in satellite imagery. Preston and Baker were then aerospace researchers at The RAND Corporation. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/IMINT/
Prezelj, Iztok, [and] Marija Gaber ii Smuggling as a Threat to National and International Security: Slovenia and the Balkan Route. [Garmisch, Germany]: Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes (PfPC), Dec 2005, iv+100pp. Published as Athena Papers Series No.5. LOC: NPS. On the smuggling of illegal immigrants, drugs, and weapons into and through Slovenia by organized criminal groups, which became the fastest growing business in the Balkans in the 1990s. (p.86). Dr. Prezelj (PhD) is an Assistant Professor of Social Studies at the University of Llubljana. Ms. Gaber (M.Sc) lectures on criminal law at the Slovenian Police Academy. FIELDS: 2-Star/Smuggling/Balkans/
Pribbenow, Merle L. iii The Man in the Snow White Cell, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.48, No.1 (2004), 59-69. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. A case study of interrogation of a North Vietnamese officer by Americans and South Viets. Supports my view that torture is the least effective technique. Pribbenow is a retired CIA operation officer. FIELDS: 3-Star/Interrogation/Vietnam/
Price, Alfred (1936- ) iiii Instruments of Darkness: The History of Electronic Warfare. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1977, 284pp. New expanded and updated edition. LOC: BW; Oxford. Excellent survey of this fascinating aerial electronic hider-hunter game where each new method of concealment provokes a new instrument for its detection and vice versa. Revises and updates the author's fine 1967 edition. Out of date again? Some of the technology has changed see Richardson (2001) but the principles, the rules of the game, remain. So dont throw out even your 1st edition. Price served 22 years in the RAF before leaving in 1974 to become an authoritative writer on military aviation. REV: Constantinides (1983), 384. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/ELINT/
iii Aircraft versus Submarines: The evolution of the anti-submarine aircraft, 1912-1978. London: William Kimber, 1973, xvi+272pp. LOC: San Jose State U; Oxford (1980 reprint). Hunters versus hiding prey in a lethal dance of deceptive measures and countermeasures, electronic and otherwise. Price shows that the conclusions in his previous brilliant study of Allied bombers versus German aerial defenses in World War Two apply closely to its naval parallel. FIELDS: 3-Star/Tracking/
iii War in the Fourth Dimension: US Electronic Warfare, from the Vietnam War to the Present. London: Greenhill Books, 2001, 272pp. Foreword by General Charles A. Horner (USAF retired). LOC: NPS; Oxford. This is the authors own far more accessible condensation of his 612-page Vol.III of his monumental The History of US Electronic Warfare, which takes the story from 1964 to 2001. FIELDS: 3-Star/ELINT/
Priestley, Joseph (1733-1804) ii A Course of Lectures on Oratory and Criticism. London: J. Johnson, 1777, 313pp. Facsimile reprinted 1968. Much on the theory of humor (pp.181-246) by the famous English physicist and theologian. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Prince, David ii Fraudbusting: How to identify and deal with Corporate Fraud. London: Mercury, 1991, 143pp. Since 1975 the author served as a business fraud investigator for the British government and, since 1982, the private sector. In the first decade of his private work, Prince claims to have personally uncovered losses in excess of 100 million by detecting and proving fraud where no prior suspicion, much less hard evidence, existed. See also Pacioli (1494) and Pratt (1965). FIELDS: 2-Star/Business/Fraud
Pringle, Robert W. ii The Limits of OSINT: Diagnosing the Soviet Media, 1985-1989, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.2 (Summer 2003), 280-289. LOC: NPS. Cautions (p.288) that the use of OSINT in the Gorbachev years suggests that open source information can be more ambiguous than analysts, historians, and diplomats are willing to admit. Dr. Pringle, after 4 years in the US Army, 9 with the US State Department, and 12 with the CIA, turned to academia in 1996 as an adjunct professor of international relations at the University of Kentucky. FIELDS: 2-Star/OSINT/
Prosise, Chris, & Kevin Mandia ii Incident Response & Computer Forensics. Second Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003, xxix+507pp. LOC: NPS; U of Florida; www.netLibrary.com. How to recognize, analyze, and respond to computer intrusions. The co-authors and most of their contributors are computer forensic specialists with Foundstone, Inc. FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/
Provine, Robert R. iii Laughter: A Scientific Investigation. New York: Viking, 2000, ix+258pp. LOC: Pacific Beach PL. The definitive work. Steven Pinker rates him the worlds expert on the psychology and biology of laughter. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Prus, Robert C., and C. R. D. Sharper ii Road Hustler: The Career Contingencies of Professional Card and Dice Hustlers. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1977, xi+178pp. LOC: BW. FIELDS: 2-Star/Games/
iii Expanded Edition as Road Hustler: Grifting, Magic, and the Thief Subculture. [New York:] Kaufman & Greenberg: 1991, 336pp. LOC: BW. A pioneering sociological study. See also Maurer (1940). Dr. Prus (PhD from U of Iowa) was an assistant professor of sociology and coauthor Sharper is the pseudonym of a former minor professional card and dice cheat. FIELDS: 3-Star/Games/
Pujol, Juan (1912-1988), with Nigel West [pen name of Rupert Allason] (1951- ) iiii Garbo. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1985, 178pp. LOC: BW. US edition reprinted as Operation Garbo: Story of the Most Successful Double Agent of World War II. New York: Random House, 1985, 178pp. One of the few recent books that fulfills the hype of its sub-title. British M.I.5 codenamed Pugol GARBO, German Intelligence dubbed him ARABEL. The British ran him, the Germans accepted him, both decorated him. See also Delmer (1971) and Harris (2000). Co-author West-Allason was a Tory MP. REV: Douglas Lamphier Wheeler in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.2, No.1 (Spring 1987), 141-142. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 4-Star/HUMINT/Deception/
Puttr, Michael (editor) ii International Electronic Countermeasures Handbook: 2004 Edition. Norwood, MA: Horizon House, 2004, 186pp. LOC: NPS. An encyclopedic catalog of over 500 currently available commercial products including ESM & SIGINT systems, warning systems, and decoys. Published annually since 1996. FIELDS: 2-Star/ELINT/
Pye, Lucian W. (1921- ), and Nathan Leites (1912-1987) ii Nuances in Chinese Political Culture, 7 Oct 1970, 22pp. A draft paper issued as a RAND Internal Note. LOC: BW (copy). A rare but all-too-brief commentary. Dr. Pye was then a Professor of Political Science at MIT. Leites was at RAND. FIELDS: 2-Star/China/Political/
-QQuetelet, A[dolphe] (1796-1874) Sur lhomme et le dveloppement de ses facults, ou Essai de physique sociale [On Man and the Development of His Faculties: or Essay on Social Physics]. Paris: 2 volumes, 1835. ii English translation as A Treatise on Man and the Development of His Faculties. Edinburgh: William & Robert Chambers, 1842, x+126pp. With a new preface by the author. LOC: Congress (1969 facsimile reprint); U of Oregon (1969 facsimile reprint); Oxford. This landmark book was the first to systematically apply statistics to human physiology and behavior. Adolphe Quetelet was a noteworthy Belgian mathematician, astronomer, and statistician. He received his first doctorate (in mathematics) in 1819 from Ghent. In 1853 he organized the first international conference on statistics, and devised the body mass index (BMI) that in the third millennium has exercised the imaginations of fat Americans. Most importantly for the detective, this two-volume Treatise on Man introduced two concepts, which have become known as Quetelets Rule and Quetelets Curve. Both became important to the theory of detection, particularly through their influence generally on criminology and specifically on Bertillon (bertillonage) and Iannarelli (earology). Quetelet himself asserted in this book that, while we can speak of an average man, no two people are of exactly the same size. By extension, Quetelets Rule asserts that no two things are exactly alike. Quetelets Curve was his statistical demonstration that certain human traits (such as height) collectively form a normal, specifically a bionomial, distribution. Thus, if these measurements are graphed, as Quetelet did, they follow a bell curveprecisely the type misnamed in 1905 the Gaussian Curve after the German mathematician who had then recently written extensively on the subject. Around 1845 Quetelet published further studies along these lines. Consequently, although Quetelets Rule of uniqueness and his patterned Curve may seem mutually exclusive, the beauty of his work is that it proves counter-intuitively that even unique objects can be clustered into patterns. His findings would become building blocks for sociology and of statistics as applied to human affairs. FIELDS: 2-Star/MASINT/
Quintilianus, Marcus Fabius (ca.AD 35-ca.100) ii Institutio Oratoria. 12 books, ca.AD 80-90. The main English translation is by H. E. Butler in the Loeb Classical Library series, London: Heinemann, 4 volumes,1920-1922. The most detailed early work on the art of oratory. Written as a textbook for the education of the two great-nephews of the Roman Emperor Domitian. See also Fearnside (1959) and Capaldi (1987). Quintilian, to give him the name by which he is now best known, was born in Spain and became a leading Roman rhetorician and lawyer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/Rhetoric/
Quirke, Captain Arthur J., B.A. i Forged, Anonymous, and Suspect Documents. London: George Routledge & Sons, 1930, xii+282pp. Foreword by John A. Costello. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Georgia State U. Superceded by the more nearly definitive 2nd edition textbook of Osborn (1929). Captain Quirke was the enterprising chief handwriting analyst in the Irish Free State to the Department of Justice, Attorney-General, and Police Headquarters. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/
-RRabon, Don ii Interviewing and Interrogation. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 1992, 206pp. LOC: FBI Academy. Includes a chapter on deception and its indicators. For interviewing & interrogation see also MacHovec (1989) and Royal (1976). For interviewing alone see Ford (1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Radford, Benjamin (1970- ) ii Media Mythmakers: how journalists, activists, and advertisers mislead us. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2003, 324pp. LOC: Monterey County Free Libraries. On the American medias tendency to write scare stories with little or no cross-checking, a point first advanced by Katz (1992). Radford was managing editor of the Skeptical Inquirer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Media/
iii Ringing False Alarms: Skepticism and Media Scares, Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.29, No.2 (Mar/Apr 2005), 34-39. LOC: Monterey PL. Authors summary of his above book. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Media/
Bartholomew & Radford (2003)
Radner, Sidney H. (1919- ) i How to Spot Card Sharps and their Methods. New York: Key Publishing Company, 1957, 95pp. Ghost-written by magician Walter B. Gibson on the basis of moves demonstrated by amateur magician Radner, a leading student of gambling cheaters. This early work has been superceded by Garcia (1962) and Ortiz (1984). FIELDS: 1-Star/Games/
Radnti, Sndor ii The Fake: Forgery and Its Place in Art. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999, x+245pp. Translated by Ervin Dunai. LOC: BW; Stanford. Substantial scholarship and many worthy, even unintentionally amusing, points shine through much philosophical paradoxing. The author is a Professor of Aesthetics at Budapest U. See also Dutton (1983). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Rae, Simon ii Its Not Cricket: Skullduggery, Sharp Practice and Downright Cheating in the Noble Game. London: Faber and Faber, 2001, xiv+297pp. LOC: Oxford. An irreverent history of cricket by a British fan, poet, and playwright. Much anecdote no theory. FIELDS: 2-Star/Sports/
Rafalko, Frank J. (editor) ii Counterintelligence Reader: American Revolution to World War II. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence Center, 4 volumes, 2004. LOC: Internet. A compilation of CI relevant documents and case studies. Rafalko had been Chief, Community Training Branch in the now defunct National Counterintelligence Center. CONTENTS: Vol.1: American Revolution to World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 61pp) Vol.2: Counterintelligence in World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( ? pp) Vol.3: Post-World War II to Closing the 20th Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (435pp) Vol.4: American Revolution into the New Millennium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (455pp) FIELDS: 2-Star/Counterintel/
Ragatz, Lowell (editor) (1897-1978) iii The Early Philatelic Forgeries of All Countries: A Stamp Collectors Omnibus. Washington, D.C.: Educational Research Bureau, 1953. LOC: BW. Collected reprints of five booklets on postage stamp forgeries that appeared in the 1860s. Dr. Ragatz was an American stamp dealer and philatelic expert. FIELDS: 3-Star/Stamps/
ii The Spud Papers: An Illustrated Descriptive Catalog of Early Philatelic Forgeries. Lucerne, Switzerland: Emile Bertrand, n.d., 168pp. LOC: BW; U of Florida; Cleveland PL. Collected reprints of The Spud Papers; or, Notes on Philatelic Weeds, a column of 67 articles on postage stamp forgeries that appeared in The Philatelist (London), 1871-81. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Stamps/
Melville (1923)
Ragle, Larry i Crime Scene. New York: Avon Books, 1995, 366pp. LOC: BW. A paperback original by a forensic technician educated in the University of Californias unique program in criminalistics and then with 29 years experience in the Orange County forensic lab. Given the authors training and experience, surprisingly thin on theory and generalizations. Seriously weakened by lack of either sources or index. See also Miller (1995 & 1998) and Evans (1996).
REV: Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.5, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2004). FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/
Ramana Rao, J. V. iii Introduction to Camouflage and Deception. New Delhi: Defence Research & Development Organisation, Ministry of Defence, 1999, xx+332pp. LOC: Congress; Cornell; Syracuse U; N. Carolina State U; Cambridge. A solid job on passive camouflage but weak on the proactive deception side. Ramana Rao, a zoologist at the University of Hyderabad, was Director, Defence Laboratory, until his retirement in 1993. He pioneered the creation of R&D facilities in the field of camouflage for military purposes. FIELDS: 3-Star/Camouflage/Deception/
Randal, Jason (1950- ) iiii The Psychology of Deception: Why Magic Works. Venice, CA: Top Secret Productions Inc, 1982, 209pp. LOC: BW. A surprisingly sound early effort by a magician. See also Triplett (1900), Friedhoffer (1996), and Schiffman (1997). Dr. Randal has been a professional conjuror and escapologist since 1973. With a BA and MA in sociology, he took his PhD in social psychology from Columbia Pacific University in 1982, this book being a revised version of his doctoral dissertation. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Magic/
Randi, James (1928- ) ii The Magic of Uri Geller. New York: Ballantine Books, 1975, 308pp. The title page identifies the author only by his stage name of The Amazing Randi. An early expos of the subtle methods of psychic superstar Uri Geller. FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/Psi/Biography/
iii Flim-Flam! The Truth About Unicorns, Parapsychology, and Other Delusions. New York: Lippincott & Crowell, 1980, xi+340pp. LOC: BW. Reprinted Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1982. A solid survey of paranormal scams and their detection. See also Hyman (1989). FIELDS: 3-Star/Psi/
i An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural. New York: St. Martins Press, 1995, xviii+284pp. Also in PB (1997). A wide-ranging compendium of 666 entries. Basically sound but sadly lacking reference sources. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psi/Hoax/Fraud/
Randles, Jenny (1951- ), and Peter Hough i Psychic Detectives: The Mysterious Use of Paranormal Phenomena in Solving True Crimes. Pleasantville, NY: Readers Digest, 2001, 256pp. LOC: San Jose PL; Oxford. A thoroughly credulous account, as befits the popular commercial fad. See also Tabori (1974) and Lyons & Truzzi (1991). The British writers have co-authored 15 other books on the supernatural. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psi/PI/
Rao, Rajesh P. N. ii Awakening a Sleeping Cat, Neural Networks, Vol.15, Issue 7 (Sep 2002), 927-929. LOC: BW (copy). A useful review of Baddeley, Hancock, & Fldik (2000). Rao is a computer engineer at the U of Washington, Seattle. FIELDS: 2-Star/Computers/
Rapoport, Anatol (1911- ), and Lionel I. Rebhun iii On the Mathematical Theory of Rumor Spread, Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, Vol.14 (1952), 375-383. LOC: BW (copy); U. of Miami. Shows that Rapoports own mathematical theory of random nets can be applied to the theory of rumor spread. Consequently an important contribution to the larger topic of Small World theory. See also Allport & Postman (1952). Both co-authors were on the Committee of Mathematical Biology at the University of Chicago. Rapoport was a distinguished Russian-born and former concert pianist who became an American professor of mathematics and biology. Rebhun became a prominent biologist. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Networks/Epidemiology/Diffusion/
Rapp, Albert (1904- ) ii The Origins of Wit and Humor. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc, 1951, 208pp. Although this is one of the better books on humor and its theories, the author dismisses Incongruity Theory in a single endnote (p.181n). Dr. Rapp was a Professor of Classical Languages at the University of Tennessee who specialized on humor since 1949. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Raskin, Victor (1944- ) iiii Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1985, xix+284pp. LOC: BW; Florida International U. The first study of humor based on modern Semantic Theory. Elegantly designed, intelligently executed, and even produced several very useful findings. Although highly structured, Dr. Raskins text is surprisingly amusing precisely because he understands, accepts, and insists on the underlying simple Incongruity Theory of Hazlitt, Leacock, and, while Raskin doesnt mention him, R. V. Jones. See also Attardo (1994).
A concise summary is Victor Raskin, "Jokes," Psychology Today, V.19, N.10 (Oct 1985), 34-39. Raskin is a Russian-born professor of English and linguistics at Purdue University whose PhD (1970) was in linguistics from Moscow State University. He immigrated to Israel in 1973 and to the USA in 1978. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
ii The sense of humor and the truth, in Ruch (1998), 95-108. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor
Semantics of Lying. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel, [forthcoming 2006, ca.300pp. ] FIELDS: Forthcoming/Lying/Humor/
Rasmussen, Jens (1926- ), William B. Rouse (1947- ) (editors) ii Human Detection and Diagnosis of System Failures. New York: Plenum Press, 1981, x+716pp. LOC: Congress; NPS. On the various systemic failures that occur in transportation systems, production processes, power plants, and communication networks. Official proceedings of the NATO Symposium on Human Detection and Diagnosis of System Failures that had been held in 1980 in Roskilde, Denmark. Includes all 35 papers that had been presented. FIELDS: 2-Star/Methodology/Accidents/
Rathmell, Andrew ii The Privatisation of Intelligence: A Way Forward for European Intelligence Co-operation, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol.11, No.2 (Spring 1998), 199-211. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Presents an interesting argument that by creating certain private intelligence organizations governments we could both save money and encourage closer cooperation among intelligence organizations.. Dr. Rathmell (PhD in War Studies from Kings College, London) had been on the research staff at London University since 1996. Thence a Research Leader with RAND Europe in Cambridge since 2001. In 2003-04 he was loaned out to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Baghdad as its Director of Planning, Policy and Analysis. In early 2004, during that assignment, when his traveling party came under insurgent mortar fire, he risked himself to aid victims. For that act, he received the U.S. Secretary of Defenses Medal for Valor, the first given to a non-American, and the first awarded after the initial 9/11 medals were given. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Towards Postmodern Intelligence, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.17, No.3 (Autumn 2002), 87-104. LOC: NPS. The very notion of some kind of Postmodern Intelligence is oxymoronic a contradiction in terms. The inherent weakness of all post-modern theorizing is its anti-science position too much fanciful philosophy and not enough evidence-based inferential science. Nevertheless, Rathmell makes a brave, almost interesting, but ultimately ridiculous attempt to create a PM intel system. By doing so he fulfilled my prediction, made during
PMs fading fad at the Millenniums end, that we should still expect some post-modern Dr. Frankenstein to brainstorm a misfit between PM theory and detection. Other PostModern intelligencers are Hall (2003) and Caddell (2004). I refer Dr. Rathmell to Sokal & Bricmont (1997), Koertge (1998), Weinberg (2001), Brown (2001), and Haack (2003). FIELDS: 0-Star/INTEL/
Reade, Charles (1814-1884) ii The Doctrine of Coincidences, in the authors Readiana: Comments on Current Events (London: Chatto and Windus, 1883). LOC: Youngstown U; U of Toronto; U of London. Four important letters to the English press on this subject in the context of the case of the Tichborne Claimant and crime in general. Highly regarded by law Prof. John Henry Wigmore and Albert S. Osborn for its clear reasoning. Reade was an English novelist, dramatist, and crime buff. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/
Reason, James T. iii Human Error. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, xv+302pp. LOC: Congress; NPS; Westmont College (Santa Barbara, CA). The first major and comprehensive study of how people make, detect, and avoid unintended mistakes. Already a classic in the relatively new field of risk management. See particularly Chapt.6 (The Detection of Errors), 148-172. See also Perrow (1984 & 1989) and Strauch (2002). Dr. Reason (1967 PhD in psych from Leicester) is Professor of Psychology at the University of Manchester. Recognized internationally as an authority on the nature, causes, and control of human error, particularly in aviation, nuclear power plants, and medical practice. FIELDS: 3-Star/Accidents/
iiii Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Aldershot, Eng.: Ashgate, 1997, xvii+252pp. LOC: Florida International U. An updated and somewhat popularized rewrite of the above work with a few fresh thoughts and conclusions. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Accidents/
________, & Dieter Zapf (editors) Errors, Error Detection, and Error Recovery. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994, 584pp. (Issued as a special issue of Applied Psychology: An International Review, Vol.43, No. 4 (Oct 1994), 427-584. LOC: not seen. A collection of articles. FIELDS: ?-Star/Accidents/
Reed, Christopher (1961- ) ii Wrong! But a nice fake is a valued object in a university art museum, Harvard Magazine, Vol.107, No.1 (Sep-Oct 2004), 41-51. LOC: BW (copy); www.harvardmagazine.com/on-line/090432.html. A tidy overview of forged art from old European master paintings to Chinese ceramics. Reed was executive editor of the magazine. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Reed, Captain George L. iiii Voices in the Sand: Deception Operations at the NTC, Armor , Vol.97 (Sep-Oct 1988), 26-31. LOC: BW (copy). Reprinted in Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin (Ft. Huachuca, AZ: Oct 1988). Detailed summary of the extensive but highly cost-effective use of deception by the OPFOR (then the 63rd Regiment of 1st Infantry Division) at the Fort Irwin (California) National Training Center (NTC). With its smooth blend of theory and practice, this one article is far more practical than any of the relevant US field manuals or JCS doctrine handbooks. Here is combat deception in a 6-page nutshell. I almost gave it a 5-star rating. See also Feer (1989). Capt. Reed (West Point 1984) was the 1-63 Armor S4 with the OPFOR at Irwin at the time of writing. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Deception/USA/
Reed, Graham (1923- ) i The Psychology of Anomalous Experience: A Cognitive Approach. London: Hutchinson University Library, 1972, 175pp. Of only marginal relevance here because the author, a Professor of Psychology at York University, Canada, focuses almost entirely on psychopathology, specifically misperceptions produced by severely disturbed minds rather than the anomalies dealt with by rational and empirically oriented ones. See also Humphreys (1958). FIELDS: 1-Star/Perception/
Reese, William iiii Deception within a Communications Theory Framework, in Daniel & Herbig (1982), 99114. Reese was Professor of Defense Technology at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Communications/
ii Deception in a Game Theoretic Framework, in Daniel & Herbig (1982), 115-135. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/GameTheory/
Reichs, Kathleen J. (1950- ) (editor) ii Forensic Osteology: Advances in the Identification of Human Remains. 2nd edition, Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1998, xiii+567pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz; British L. Collects 25 articles by 33 specialists. The 1st edition had appeared in 1986. See also Maples (1994) and Bass (2003). Dr. Kathy Reichs (PhD Northwestern), an American, is one of only 55 forensic anthropologists certified in North America. Since 1978 she has been a Professor of Anthropology at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte. She also divides her time 50/50 as a consulting forensic anthropologist for the city of Charlotte and the province of Qubec, Canada. Since 1997, having signed a US $1.2 million two-book contract with the American publishing house of Scribners, Reichs has also authored a series of detective novels starring forensic anthropologist Temperance Tempe Brennan, a character she based on William Bill Maples. Her Tempe Brennan stories have themselves recently (2005-06) become the basis of the Fox-TV forensic mystery series Bones. FIELDS: 2-Star/Anthropology/
Reid, John E. ( -1982), Fred E. Inbau (1909-1998) ii truth and deception: The Polygraph (Lie-Detector) Technique. 2nd Edition, Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1977, xvii+430pp. LOC: FBI Academy; UC-Berkeley; E. Washington U (Cheny, WA); British L. A classic textbook. This is a much expanded version of the original 1966 edition. Both authors had been associated with the Chicago Police Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Inbau, Reid, & Buckley (1986).
Reik, Theodor (1888-1969) ii Jewish Wit. New York: Gamut Press, 1962, 240pp. A theoretical analysis of the humor of Ashkenazi Jews. See also Freud (1905). Reik was a Viennese Jewish PhD psychologist, practicing psychoanalyst, and friend of Freud. In 1933 he'd escaped the Nazi repression by fleeing to Holland. In 1938 he immigrated to the USA where, ironically, he was refused admittance to the anallyretentive American Psychoanalytic Association because he didn't have an MD degree. His earlier popular book Listening with the Third Ear (New York: 1949) had included a chapter, "Psychoanalysis and Wit", that foreshadowed some of his conclusions in Jewish Wit. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Cultures/
Reiser, Martin, Ed.D. iii Police Psychology: Collected Papers. Los Angeles: LEHI Publishing Company, 1982, 355pp. LOC: U of West Florida. The 40 papers include at least eight thoughtful studies relevant to detection and problem solving. Dr. Reiser had been a pioneering psychologist with the LAPD since 1968. FIELDS: 3-Star/Police/
Reiss, Tom ii The Orientalist: Solving the Mystery of a Strange and Dangerous Life. New York: Random House, 2005, xxvii+433pp. LOC: Upland PL. Biography of one of the major impostors, Lev Nussimbaum (1905-1942). Born into a Jewish merchant family in Baku, Russia, Nussimbaum presented himself as Mohammad Essad Bey, a Muslim noble, an imposture he evidently came to believe. Some parts of this book previously appeared in The New Yorker magazine. Reiss is an American freelance writer on politics and culture. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/Biography/
Reit, Seymour V. ii Masquerade: The Amazing Camouflage Deceptions of World War II. New York: Hawthorne Books, 1978, x+255pp; London: R. Hale, 1979, xii+255pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Air U; Stanford; Pacific Grove PL. Also PB 1980 (Corgi) as The Hidden War. A popularized account. See also Hartcup (1979), Kahn (1998), and Blechman (2004). Now superceded by Stanley (1998). Reit, an American graphic designer, had been involved in WW II with both camouflage preparations and aerial photo intelligence with the U.S. Air Force. REV: Heavy Foil, No.81-82, (1981), 81-84. REV: Constantinides (1983), 387-388. FIELDS: 2-Star/IMINT/Camouflage/Military/
ii The Day They Stole the Mona Lisa. New York: Summit Books, 1981, 254pp; London: Hale, 254pp. A useful popular account of that famous art theft and recovery. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Theft/
Rendell, Kenneth W. (ca.1943- ) iii Forging History: The Detection of Fake Letters & Documents. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994, vi+171pp. LOC: BW. One of the better accounts. See also Nickell (1996 & 2000). Mr. Rendell is a leading American collector and authenticator of and dealer in rare and historical documents. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Documents/Historiography/
Renesse, Rudolf L. van (1940- ) (editor) ii Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques V. Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, Jun 2004, ix+440pp. LOC: MIT; U of Alabama; U of Wisconsin. 44 generally highly technical articles from the Fifth SPIE-sponsored conference on the subject, held at San Jose, California, 20-22 Jan 2004.
The editor-author is a Dutch optical physicist. He had been with the TNO Institute of Applied Physics from 1966 to 2002 when he turned private consultant in the Hague with his Van Renesse Consulting. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 2-Star/Documents/IMINT/ID/
iii Optical Document Security. Third Edition, Boston: Artech House, 2005, 366pp. A comprehensive textbook on the use of high-tech methods for making forgery-resistant documents, including banknotes and ID cards. The original edition, which was published in 1993 was designed by van Renesse around articles by numerous international experts. The 2nd edition appeared in 1998. See my Appendix B for the four reports of the subsequent SPIE-sponsored conferences to 2004. FIELDS: 3-Star/Documents/IMINT/ID/
Repplier, Agnes (1855-1950) i In Pursuit of Laughter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1936, 229pp. LOC: College of the Pacific (Stockton). A critical history of humor by a noted American essayist and humorist. See also Provine (2000). FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Ressler, Robert K. (1937- ), Ann W. Burgess, John E. Douglas iii Sexual Homicide: Patterns and Motives. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1988, xvi+234pp. LOC: Broward Community College. Reprinted and in PB. A model study, the first on serial killers (36 of them) and their victims (118) based on systematically collected data, specifically interviews with prisoners convicted of these crimes. This book was the final product of the Criminal Personality Research Project that, begun in 1979, was jointly sponsored by the FBI and the Justice Department. See also Jenkins (1994), Hickey (1997), Athens (1997), and Douglas (1999). Ressler and Douglas were FBI Special Agents whod pioneered the behavioral profiling of criminals. Dr. Burgess was a professor of psychiatric nursing at the University of Pennsylvania. Ressler, a 1968 Master of Science from MSU, had been an FBI Special Agent 1970-90 when he retired to private practice. FIELDS: 3-Star/Profiling/
________, & Tom Shachtman (1942- ) ii Whoever Fights Monsters. New York: St. Martins Press, 1992, 256pp. Memoirs of an FBI criminologist since 1974 and behavioral profiler until 1990 when he switched to private consulting in criminal profiling. See also Douglas (1995 & 1999) and DeNevi & Campbell (2004). FIELDS: 2-Star/Profiling/Biography/
Reisner, Robert George (1921-1974) ii Fakes and Forgeries in the Fine Arts: A Bibliography. New York: Special Libraries Association, 1950, 58pp. LOC: Getty; MOMA; U of Michigan; U of Toronto; Warburg. First major bibliography on the subject. Lists 859 books and articles in many languages published during the period 1848-1948 plus the nearly 550 relevant pieces in The New York Times 1897-1950. A substantial but unofficial update through 1972 is in Fakes and Forgeries (1973). The official update 1949-1986 is Koobatian (1987). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Bibliography/
Reutersvrd, Oscar (1915-2002) SEE UNDER: Seckel (2003) Rhodes, Henry T. F. (1892- ) ii Some Persons Unknown: Being an Account of Scientific Detection. London: John Murray, 1931, xv+268pp. Preface by Edmond Locard. LOC: Congress; U of N. Carolina. Also translated into French. The author, who would become a popular British fact-crime writer, had studied briefly under Dr. Locard at the latters Institute of Forensic Science at the University of Lyons. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
ii In the Tracks of Crime. London: Turnstile Press, 1952, xii+336pp. Edited by Rhodes. LOC: Congress; Mississippi College School of Law. An instructive anthology of pieces (many by Rhodes himself) on the history, fact & , etc of crime detection. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/Fiction/
iii Alphonse Bertillon: Father of Scientific Detection. London: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd., 1956, 238pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. Best biography of French criminalist Bertillon (1853-1914) and an overall fine book. FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/Biography/
Rhodes, Richard (1937- ) ii Why They Kill: The Discoveries of a Maverick Criminologist. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999, x+371pp. Pulitzer Prize historian Rhodes enthusiastically examines the research on and theories of criminality by American criminologist Lonnie Athens. See also Athens (1997). FIELDS: 2-Star/Criminology/
Richardson, Doug iii Stealth Warplanes. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company, 2001, 188pp. A clear, lavishly illustrated, and up-to-date account of the means of aerial deception, concealment, evasion, and detection. See also Price (1977). The author, an aerospace electronics engineer, is a prominent technical writereditor of British, Swiss, and German military periodicals. FIELDS: 3-Star/Stealth/
Richardson, Lewis F. (1881-1953) SEE UNDER: Dupuy (1985) Richelson, Jeffrey T. iii The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIAs Directorate of Science and Technology. Boulder, Colorado, Westview, 2001, xiii+386pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. The most detailed and reliable unclassified history of this part of the American Central Intelligence Agency least known to the public. Dr. Richelson, an American with a 1975 PhD in political science from the University of Rochester, is a Senior Fellow of the private National Security Archive and a prolific writer on political-military intelligence. REV: Loch K. Johnson in Technology and Culture, Vol.43, No.3 (Jul 2002), 648-649. Highly recommends. REV: Joseph M. Mazzafro in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.17, No.3 (Autumn 2002), 201-204. A handy and favorable summary. REV: Kurt Jensen in Journal of Conflict Studies, Vol.23, No.1 (Spring 2003). FIELDS: 3-Star/TECHINT/
iii Planning to deceive: How the Defense Department practices the fine art of making friends and influencing enemies, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol.59, No.2 (Mar/Apr 2003), 64-69. LOC: BW (copy). On DOD & CIA perception management (deception & truth projection) plans and actual operations in the 1980s as conducted by various special plans offices. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/
ii The IPCRESS File: The Great Game in Film and Fiction, 1953-2002, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.3 (Fall 2003), 462-498. LOC: NPS. Contrasts the fictional with the real worlds of intelligence. See also Hitz (2004). FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/Bibliography/
Rieth, Adolf (1902-1982) Vorzeit Geflscht [Antiquity Falsified]. Tbingen, Germany: Ernst Wasmuth, 1967, 156pp. LOC: Getty; Warburg. iii English translation by Diana Imber as Archaeological Fakes. London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1970, 183pp; New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970, 183pp. LOC: Getty; Columbia; San Diego PL. A well-chosen mix of fakes and forgeries. These range from a Dutch document dating back to the Flood, through the Piltdown Man, cave paintings, Flint Jack, and golden cups and coins, to shrunken heads. Many unfamiliar cases and most that include unfamiliar details. The English translation is the definitive edition, the author having added some new material See also Vayson de Pradenne (1932) and Hamblin (1970). Dr. Rieth was a German archaeologist and art historian who taught prehistory at Tbingen from 1952 to 1970. FIELDS: 3-Star/Archaeology/
Rignano, Eugenio (1870-1930) Psicologia del Ragionamento. Bologna: N. Zanichelli, 1920, ix+404pp. i English translation as The Psychology of Reasoning. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1923, 395pp. Provocative early work by an Italian philosopher. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/
Rijn, Michel van (1950?- ) i Hot Art, Cold Cash. London:, Little, Brown, 1993, 484pp. LOC: Oxford; Internet. Autobiography of the eccentric Paris-born Dutch art dealer and self-confessed art smuggler and all-round scam artist. See also Conklin (1994). FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/Biography/
Rinker, Robert A. i Understanding Firearms Ballistics: Basic to advanced ballistics, simplified, illustrated and explained. Second Revised Edition, Corydon, Indiana: Mulberry House Publishing, 1998, vii+373pp. A weak effort. FIELDS: 1-Star/Ballistics/
Ritter, Scott (1960- ) iii Iraq Confidential: The Untold Story of the Intelligence Conspiracy to Undermine the UN and Overthrow Saddam Hussein. New York: Nation Books, 2005, xxiii+312pp. Foreword by Seymour Hersh. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. On arms inspection and the search for the WMD in Iraq following the Gulf War (1990). A follow-up to the authors Endgame: Solving the Iraq Problem Once and For All (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999). Although the authors interpretations and recommendations have been questioned, his data has been generally confirmed. See also Kay (1994) and Blix (2004).
Ritter was a US Marine intelligence officer in Gen. Schwartzkopfs HQ during the Gulf War and then a senior UN arms inspector in Iraq, 1991-98. FIELDS: 3-Star/WMD/Inspection/
Roberts, David (1943- ) ii Great Exploration Hoaxes. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1982, x+182pp. LOC: BW; Stanford. Surveys ten famous explorers from Cabot in 1509 to Crowhurst in 1969. Nine of these men successfully faked great explorations, the tenth gave a true account but wasnt believed. Dr. Roberts is a literature professor and mountaineering buff. FIELDS: 2-Star/Hoax/Biography/
Roberts, Royston M. (ca.1918-1996) ii Serendipity: Accidental Discoveries in Science. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1989, xvii+270pp. LOC: Monterey PL. A history through case studies, including many examples Ive not cited in The Maverick Detective. Dr. Royston was a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Texas. FIELDS: 2-Star/Accident/Science/
Robertson, Bernard, and G. A. Vignaux iiii Interpreting Evidence: Evaluating Forensic Science in the Courtroom. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 1995, xxi+240pp. LOC: BW3; Cal State U (Fresno); Oxford. On the analysis of legal evidence. Excellent survey beginning with the first two pages where the authors proclaim that all the methods of forensic science stem from two principles, namely Locards Principle and Kirks Principle of Individuality. Strongly advocates Bayesian analysis (see following article). Deemed a good, albeit very advanced text by Dr. Erzinlioglu (2000b). See also Allen (2001), Twining & HampsherMonk (2003), and Lipton (2004). Bernard W. N. Robertson was a barrister teaching law at Massey University in New Zealand. G. A. Tony Vignaux was Professor of Operations Research at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Forensics/Law/
ii Bayes Theorem in the Court of Appeal, The Criminal Lawyer (London: Jan 1997), 4-5. LOC: BW (copy). The authorss own summary of the Bayesian portion of their above book. Easily understood by non-statisticians. FIELDS: 2-Star/Statistics/Bayes/
Robin, Ron [Theodore] ii Scandals and Scoundrels: Seven Cases That Shook the Academy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, xii+277pp. LOC: CalStateU-Monterey Bay; UC-Berkeley. Includes the infamous cases of Stephen Ambrose, Joseph Ellis, Derek Freeman-versusMargaret Mead, and Rigoberta Mench. Argues that the current flurry of these academic frauds are driven by the medias growing tendency to purvey sensationalism rather than by the widely alleged claim of growing decadence and corruption in academiathese types of fraud have merely become more public. While often insightful, Dr. Robin tries too hard to be a balanced critic. For example, he chides Sokal (pp.20-21, 214-218) for his hoax against the gullible editor of a Post Structuralist journal and then gleefully sets this against the Bogdanov brothers counter-hoax against the gullible peer reviewers of two physics journals. This leaves us to conclude that Robin has shown physics to be just as absurd as Post Structuralism, when all that the Bogdanovs did was show some peer-reviewers of science to be as intellectually dishonest as some of the anti-science ones. Robin, an historian, slips beyond his depth when criticizing science. Dr. Robin (1986 UC-Berkeley PhD in History) is Professor of History and Communication Studies at the University of Haifa. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/Biography/
Robinson, J[ames] O[utram] (1931- ) ii The Psychology of Visual Illusion. London: Hutchinson University Library, 1972, 288pp. Comprehensive summary of the history, types, and theories of optical illusions. Author was Senior Lecturer in Psychology at the University of Wales. See also Gregory (1973) and Shepard (1990). FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/Perception/
Robinson, W. Peter ii Deceit, Delusion, and Detection. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996, xxi+369pp. LOC: BW. On lyingits purveyors, targets, purposes, consequences, and detection. Robinson was Professor of Social Psychology at the University of Bristol. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/
Rocca, Raymond G. (1917-1993), and John J. Dziak (1938- ) with the staff of the Consortium for the Study of Intelligence. iii Bibliography on Soviet Intelligence and Security Services. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1985, xi+203pp. Foreword by Roy Godson. LOC: NPS; National Defense U. Annotated bibliography of 518 book, articles, and documents. Raymond G. Ray Rocca had been Angletons deputy in CI at CIA. John Dziak was with the DIA, 1965-87. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/INTEL/Russia/Bibliography/ Dziak (1987 & 1988) Feer (1980) Pforzheimer (1985)
Rock, Andrea iii The Mind at Night: The New Science of How and Why We Dream. New York: Basic Books, 2004, xiv+224pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. Summarizes the latest research on sleep. See also Green (1994). Rock is an American science journalist. FIELDS: 3-Star/Sleep/
Roese, Neal J., and David W. Jamieson iii Twenty Years of Bogus Pipeline Research: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis, Psychological Bulletin, Vol.114 (1993), 363-375. Concludes that the BPL shifts self-reports toward veracity. See also Jones & Sigall (1971). The authors were then academic psychologists in Canada. Dr. Roese was a 1963 PhD from the University of Western Ontario. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/
Rogers, Everett M. ii Diffusion of Innovations. Fifth Edition, New York: Free Press, 2003, xxi+550pp. LOC: NPS. A classic, the first edition of which had been published in 1962. Dr. Rogers is a Professor of Communication & Journalism at the University of New Mexico. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Epidemiology/
Rogers, Richard (1950- ) (editor) iii Clinical Assessment of Malingering and Deception. 2nd ed., New York: Guilford Press, 1997, xii+525pp. LOC: Sonoma State U (CA); U of Hong Kong. A collection of 19 articles by 21 authors. The 1st edition appeared in 1988. See also Hall (2001). Dr. Rogers (PhD) was a Professor of Psychology at the University of North Texas. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychotherapy/
Rogers, Spencer L[ee] (1905- ) iii The Personal Identification of Living Individuals. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986, xi+92pp. LOC: U of Miami. A useful summary of all the main ways (short of DNA) by which persons can be individualized. The author was a retired professor of anthropology. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/ID/
Roisman, Joseph (1946- ) iii The General Demosthenes and his Use of Military Surprise. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1993, 84pp. LOC: U of San Francisco; Cambridge; Australian Defence Force Academy. General Demosthenes (died 413 BC), not to be confused with the same-named philosopher, was a distinguished Athenian military commander during the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC). Dr. Roisman (PhD from Washington U) was a Professor of Ancient History at Colby College. REV: Sheldon (2003), 69. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/Biography/
Rommel, Erwin (1891-1944) Infanterie Greift an: Erlebnis und Erfahrung. Potsdam: Ludwig Voggenreiter Verlag, 1937, 399pp. LOC: Oxford. iii Infantry Attacks. Quantico: Marine Corps Association, 1956, 265pp. Translated by Lt.-Col. G. E. Kidd. LOC: BW; NPS. Although presented as a general analysis of tactical and operational strategy, it is in effect, Rommels personal journal of combat in the 1914-18 war. Covers in detail each of his main combat actions, initially on the Western Front, then on the Italian front. Throughout he attributes success to surprise, particularly by taking quick action wherever possible. If the British in North Africa in 1941-43 had bothered to read this book they might have learned enough to avoid being repeatedly surprised by Rommel. It would have been a more reliable guide to predicting his behavior than even ULTRA. Written when Rommel was a Lieutenant-Colonel. Translated into English in 1943 and published by The Infantry Journal in June 1944. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/Military/Biography/
Ronge, Generalmajor Max[imillian] iii Kriegs-und Industrie-Spionage: Zwlf Jahre Kundschaftsdienst. Zurich, Leipzig, Vienna: Amalthea-Verlag, 1930, 424pp. LOC: Congress; San Diego State U; Stanford; Oxford. Translated into French (1932) and Russian (1939). The most detailed history of intelligence collection on industrial production and military order-of-battle on the Eastern & Italian fronts during the 12-year period from 1907 to the end of the Great War. Focuses authoritatively on the Austro-Hungarian military intelligence elite cryptology branch, which had been founded in 1911 by Col. Andreas Figl. It was the worlds best in that period. Max Ronge had served in Austro-Hungarian Military Intelligence since 1906, including its elite cryptanalytic department from 1907, rising from lieutenant to major-general, and heading that department from 1917 to the wars end in 1918. R.V. Jones (1989), 353n2, calls this the first analysis that compares new intelligence channels (such as the telephone) with the old channels. A good account in English is Schindler (2000). Incidentally this is the earliest reference I've found to the term "industrial espionage", albeit in German (the OED's earliest English citation is 1962). FIELDS: 3-Star/HUMINT/Channels/Cryptology/INTEL-industry/Austria-Hungary/
Meister der Spionage [Masters of Espionage]. Leipzig: Payne, 1935, 258pp. LOC: Leipzig; not seen . Translated into French (1935). Reportedly shorter but with more operational details than the above book. FIELDS: ?-Star/HUMINT/Cryptology/
Roos, Leslie L. (1940- ), Barton Whaley, Aaron Seidman, Peter C. Ordeshook (1942- ), Robert W. Scott i EXDET: A Student-Level Experimental Simulation on Problems of Deterrence. Cambridge, Mass.: Center for International Studies, MIT, [Oct & Nov] 1964, 3 volumes. (Center papers C64/33, C64/39, and C64/40) Part 1 by Leslie Roos and Barton Whaley Part 2 by Aaron Seidman and Barton Whaley Part 3 by Barton Whaley with Peter C. Ordeshook and Robert H. Scott LOC: MIT. FIELDS: 1-Star/Gaming/
Root-Bernstein, Robert (1953- ) and Michle (1953- ) ii Sparks of Genius: The Thirteen Thinking Tools of the Worlds Most Creative People. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999, viii+401pp. Yet another contribution to the creative-thinking sweepstakes. Possibly the best of these self-helpers because it is at least modestly well-documented for such a wide-ranging text. Robert R-B is a professor of physiology at MSU and a MacArthur Fellow. Michle R-B is an historian. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Rorimer, James J. (1905-1966) ii Ultra-Violet Rays and Their Use in the Examination of Works of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1931, 61pp. Published in 1,000 copies. LOC: Getty; U of Michigan; U of Toronto; Oxford. The pioneering scientific work on the subject. By the Mets later director (1955-66). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Sensors/
Rosenblum, Joseph (1947- ) ii Practice to Deceive: The Amazing Story of Literary Forgerys Most Notorious Practitioners. New Castle, Delaware: Oak Knoll Press, 2000, xix+393pp. A study of 9 infamous literary forgers: Psalmanazar, Macpherson, Chatterton, Ireland, Collier, G. G. Byron, Lucas, Wise, and Hofmann. Covers the why and how and what led to their exposure frequent technical sloppiness, disdain for credibility, or sheer vanity. The author is an American librarian and bibliographer. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Documents/Fraud/ Bordier & Mabille (1870/1998)
Rosenhan, D[avid] L. iii On Being Sane in Insane Places, Science, New Series, Vol.179, Issue 4070 (19 Jan 1973), 250-257. LOC: BW (copy); www.jstor.org. Reprinted in Martin Bulmer (editor), Social Research Ethics (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1982), 15-37. LOC: CalStateU-Fullerton. Brilliantly conceived landmark study showing that psychiatrists usually fail (at least 86% of the time) to distinguish between sane and insane persons or even between normal and abnormal ones. A thorough and generally favorable critique is Ziskin (1995), 431453. Dr. David Rosenhan (1958 Columbia PhD in psych) was a Professor of Psychology and Law at Stanford when he published this piece. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychotherapy/
Rosenthal, Marilynn M., Linda Mulcahy (1962- ), Sally Lloyd-Bostock (editors) iii Medical mishaps: Pieces of the puzzle. Buckingham & Philadelphia: Open University Press, 1999, xix+265pp. LOC: U of Central Florida. A sobering examination of the high incidence of faulty diagnoses and inappropriate treatment in the medical profession in Britain, the USA, Holland, Sweden, and Australia. Includes 22 papers by 28 experts ranging from physicians through psychologists to lawyers. See also Gawande (2002). FIELDS: 3-Star/Medicine/Accidents/Experts/
Rosenthal, Robert (1933- ) iii Experimenter Effect in Behavioral Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966, xiii+464pp. LOC: NPS. The pioneering work by an American psychologist on the experimenter expectancy effect, the so-called Rosenthal Effect, whereby the experimenters expectations tend to become a self-fulfilling prophecy. This book led to greatly enhanced use of double-blind experiments. FIELDS: 3-Star/Methodology/
Rositzke, Harry [August] (1911-2002) iii The CIAs Secret Operations: Espionage, Counterespionage, and Covert Action. Reissued, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988, xxxvii+286pp. New Foreword by James Schlesinger, Jr. LOC: NPS; British L. An insiders account. Guarded but authentic in its disclosures, this was a most welcome corrective to the usually romanticized, sensationalized, and fictionalized books that had been appearing up to the time of this books initial publication in 1977. Still valuable, particularly with the new Introduction by former CIA Director Schlesinger, which corrects some of the inevitable distortions and biases in the original text. See also Felix (1963). Dr. Rositzke (1936 Harvard PhD in German philology), a 1944-45 OSS alumnus was then with the CIAs clandestine services until 1970 when he retired.
REV: Studies in Intelligence, Summer 1977. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 81, 214, sees a pro-CIA, pro-covert action bias. REV: Constantinides (1983), 392-393. FIELDS: 3-Star/HUMINT/Counterespionage/
Ross, Michael (1924- ), and Tara K. MacDonald iii How Can We Be Sure? Using Truth Criteria to Validate Memories, in Myslobodsky (1997), 181-201. Intelligent survey of how people verify their own memories and those of others. See also Loftus (1991, 1994, 1997) and Schacter (1996 & 2001). The co-authors were psychologists at Waterloo University in Canada. FIELDS: 3-Star/Memory/
Rossmo, D. Kim ii Geographic Profiling. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1999, xxiii+347pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; UC-Santa Cruz. On the theory, principles, and practice of geographic profiling, the environmental patterns often associated with crimes. First explicitly used in 1990 in the Vancouver, Canada, Police Department. Kim Rossmo, a detective in that department, made this the basis of his 1995 doctoral dissertation, which became this present textbook. See also Kind (1999) and Canter (2003), which I prefer. Dr. Rossmo (PhD in Criminology at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada), following a 21-year career with the Canadian police, is now Research Professor of Criminology at Texas State University. FIELDS: 2-Star/Profiling/
Rostand, Jean (1894-1977) ii Error and Deception in Science: Essays on biological aspects of life. London: Hutchinson, 1960, 196pp. Translated by A. J. Pomerans from the French original, Science fausse et fausses sciences (1958). LOC: NPS; Oxford. The title essay (pp.11-51) is mainly about Prof. Blondlots infamous N-rays and Lysenkos Stalinist biology. See also Broad & Wade (1982). The author was a prominent French biologist and popular science writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Biology/
Rostenberg, Leona (1908-2005), and Madeleine Stern (1912- ) iii Old Books, Rare Friends: Two Literary Sleuths and Their Shared Passion. New York: Doubleday, 1997, 275pp. Charming memoirs of the rare book trade by two long-time bibliomaniacal partners and friends. FIELDS: 3-Star/Biography/
Rotenberg, Ken[neth] J. [editor] iii Childrens Interpersonal Trust: Sensitivity to Lying, Deception, and Promise Violations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991, viii+172pp. LOC: Congress. CalStateU-Sacramento; U of Hong Kong. Ten articles by 15 child psychologists (from the USA, Canada, Australia, & Belgium) survey the then current state of theory & research on how children handle trust. See also Hall (1911), Hartshorne & May (1928), and Webley (1981). Prof. Rotenberg, a British psychologist specialized in child development, was then at Lakehead University, Canada. He has been teaching in the Keele University School of Psychology, UK, since 1999. FIELDS: 3-Star/Children/Lying/
iii Childrens Cue Use and Strategies for Detecting Deception, in Rotenberg (1991), 43-57. Some interesting findings that deserve further research. FIELDS: 3-Star/Counterdeception/Children/
Rothbart, Mary K. ii Incongruity, Problem-Solving and Laughter, in Chapman & Foot (1975/1996), 37-54. Rothbart, a specialist in child psychology, was then at the University of Oregon. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
________, and Diana Pien iii Elephants and Marshmallows: A Theoretical Synthesis of Incongruity-Resolution and Arousal Theories of Humour, in Chapman & Foot (1977), 37-40. FIELDS: Rothstein, Hy SEE UNDER: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Rowe & Rothstein (2003)
Rotte, Ralph (1968- ), Christoph M. Schmidt (1962- ) iii On the Production of Victory: Empirical Determinants of Battlefield Success in Modern War, Defence and Peace Economics, Vol.14, No.3 (2003), 175-192. LOC: BW (reprint); British L. An analysis of 625 battles from 1600 to 1973. Concludes that the main determinants of victory are first Leadership (50%), second Superior Intelligence (25%), third Morale (25%), fourth Logistics (20%), fifth Surprise (15%), sixth Favorable Force Ratio (1%), Posture (0%), Training (0%), and lastly Technological Superiority (0%). Interesting, but just what is involved in that most significant category of Leadership? Does this support Feers 1987 RAND study of effective US Army battalion commanders? Or the Smith & Flanagan (2000) study of police detectives? A tightly drawn comparative study would seem in order. Dr. Rotte is a PhD in political science and Dr. Schmidt is a Princeton PhD in economics. FIELDS: 3-Star/Military/
Rouech, Berton (1911-1994) ii The Medical Detectives. New York: Times Books, 1980, 403pp. First of the authors several books of collected articles, most of which originally appeared in the old New Yorker. The popular medical reporters last collection appeared posthumously in 1995. See also Sacks (1987) and Gawande (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Rouet, Philippe iii Approaches to the Study of Attic Vases: Beazley and Pottier. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, xii+167pp. Translated by Liz Nash from the original French manuscript. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno; Oxford. Scholarly analysis of the detective techniques applied to Greek vases by the two leading potologists, Prof. John Beazley (1885-1970) and French scholar Edmund Pottier (18551934). See also Cuomo di Caprio (1993) and Boardman (2001). Rouet is a French lecturer in Western classical art. FIELDS: 3-Star/Pottery/Greece/
Rousseau, Theodore (1912- ) ii The Stylistic Detection of Forgeries, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Vol.26, No.6 (Feb 1968), 247-252. Based on the authors public seminar lecture at the Museum in late 1967. The author was Chairman of the European Paintings Department of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Rowe, Neil C[harles] (1953- ) iii Detecting Online Deception and Responding to It, in Subhasish Dasgupta (editor), Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies (Hershey, PA: DEA Group Reference, 2005). LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Dr. Rowe (1983 Stanford PhD in math) is a computer expert at the Naval Postgraduate School. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Computers/
iiiDesigning Good Deceptions in Defense of Information Systems, 20th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2005), 418-427. LOC: BW (abstract); Internet. FIELDS: 3-Star/Computers/
________, and Hy Rothstein iii Deception for Defense of Information Systems: Analogies from Conventional Warfare, Departments of Computer Science and Defense Analysis, Naval Postgraduate School, Jan 2003. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. See also Stoll (1989), Shimomura (1996), Mitnick (2002), and Mintz (2002). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Computers/
________ ii Suspicious Behavior in Air Defense and Urban Warfare. Monterey, CA: The MOVES Institute, Naval Postgraduate School, 17 Aug 2005. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. A powerpoint-like presentation on a basic mathematical model for identifying anomalous (non-optimal) traffic behavior and patterns by aircraft and humans. FIELDS: 2-Star/Incongruity/
Rowe, Wayne James ii The Soviet Style of Surprise. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, Jun 1985. LOC: NPS. Lt. Cmdr. (USN) Rowes thesis advisor was Katherine L. Herbig. Rowe was later posted as a librarian to the Naval War College. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Military/Russia/
Rowland, Ingrid D. ii The Scarith of Scornello: A Tale of Renaissance Forgery. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004, x+230pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. On the discovery in 1634 by Tuscan youth Curzio Inghirami (1614-1655) of purported Etruscan manuscripts (incongruously written on linen rag-paper) reporting the supposed prophesy of the birth of Christ by an Etruscan auger, Prospero of Fiesole. The manuscript vanished in 1985. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/Italy/
Royal, Robert F. (1921- ), Steven R. Schutt (1930- ) ii The Gentle Art of Interviewing and Interrogation: A Professional Manual and Guide. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1976, 244pp. LOC: Gavilan College (CA); U of Toronto. A handbook for American police. For interviewing & interrogation see also Rabon (1992) and MacHovec (1989). FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Rubin, Herbert J., Irene S. Rubin ii Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data. 2nd Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2005, ix+291pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford. A standard work. The 1st edition was dated 1995. The Rubins are both from Northern Illinois University, Dr. Herbert Rubin (PhD) being a Professor Emeritus of Sociology there, and Dr. Irene Rubin (1977 Chicago PhD in Sociology) be a Professor Emeritus there in Public Administration. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Ruch, Willibald (editor) ii The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1998, x+498pp. LOC: U of Florida. One of the better analyses of this perennial question. See also Eastman (1921), Eysenck (1947), Ziv (1984), Raskin (1998). Prof. Dr. Ruch, a distinguished Austrian psychologist, took his PhD in 1980 from the University of Graz with a dissertation on humor and personality. Lately a Professor of Psychology at Heinrich-Heine University in Dsseldorf and then Zrich U. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Rudacille, Wendell C. iii Identifying Lies in Disguise. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 1994, 246pp. Reprinted 2005. LOC: Pikes Peak Community College. An interrogation handbook that provides specific information on the exact words and phrases the author claims are used by liars involved in criminal investigations. Includes Chapter 14 (The INTEXT System A Verbal Lie Detector Test), pp.167-188. Wendell C. Bud Rudacille had been in police work since 1968 when he entered the US Army CID. A civilian police officer with a Maryland county police department from 1973 until retired as a Detective First Class 1992. Since 1993 has worked as a freelance polygraph examiner. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Rue, Loyal iii By the Grace of Guile: The Role of Deception in Natural History and Human Affairs. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, viii+359pp. LOC: BW; U of Hong Kong. Appreciates deception as a natural phenomenon, not necessary evil, immoral, or unethical. Rue is a Professor of Religion & Philosophy at Luther College, Iowa. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Ethics/
Ruscio, John ii Comparing Bayes Theorem to Frequency-Based Approaches to Teaching Bayesian Reasoning, Teaching of Psychology, Vol.30, No.4 (U of Missouri: 2003), 325-328. LOC: BW (copy). An experiment that demonstrates the difficulty of teaching Bayesianism as opposed to Frequentism. Dr. Ruscio (1998 PhD from Brandeis), a methodologist & statistician, was Associate Professor of Psychology at Elizabethtown College. FIELDS: 2-Star/Statistics/Bayes/
iii Exploring Controversies in the Art and Science of Polygraph Testing, Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.29, No.1 (Jan-Feb 2005), 34-39. LOC: BW (internet copy). This recent survey reinforces the conclusion that the reputation of lie detector tests for high reliability much less infallibility is unsupported by the evidence. See also Lykken (1981), Clifton 1991), and Kelly (2004). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/
Russell, Frank Santi (1965- ) ii Information Gathering in Ancient Greece. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1999, viii+267pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. See particularly Chapter 5: Counterintelligence, pp.190-225. REV: Rose Mary Sheldon, Of Classic Spies and Stratagems, in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.14, No.2 (Summer 2001), 289-296. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Counterintel/Greece/
Russell, Miles iii Piltdown Man: The Secret Life of Charles Dawson & The Worlds Greatest Archaeological Hoax. Stroud: Tempus, 2003, 288pp. LOC: Marquette U; Florida Atlantic U. A convincing piece of historical detection. Follows Walsh (1996) in exposing Dawson as the lone hoaxer on the basis that Piltdown (1912) was only the latest in his lifetime career (since the 1880s) of forging at least 38 archaeological and paleontological artifacts. See also Weiner (1955). Dr. Russell is Senior Lecturer in Archaeology at Bournemouth University. REV: John Whittaker in Skeptical Inquirer (Jan/Feb 2005), 50-51. FIELDS: 3-Star/Archaeology/Hoax/Biography/
Rustmann, F. W., Jr. ii CIA, Inc: Espionage and the Craft of Business Intelligence. Brasseys, Inc., 2002, xiii+216pp. LOC: NPS. On industrial & commercial espionage & counterintelligence. Bad title, good book. The CIA of the title ties in only because the techniques described are based on the authors 24-year career in that Agency as an instructor, station chief, and covert operator until retiring in 1990 when he founded CTC International Group, Inc., in West Palm Beach, a business intelligence consulting firm. FIELDS: 2-Star/Business/HUMINT/Counterintel/
Ryan, Judith (1943- ), and Alfred Thomas (1958- ) ii Cultures of Forgery: Making Nations, Making Selves. New York: Routledge, 2003, xv+225pp. LOC: Stanford; UC-Santa Cruz. A collection of 11 original essays on various aspects of literary forgery. The authors are professors of literature at, respectively, Harvard and the U of Illinois. See also Hobsbawn (1983). FIELDS: 2-Star/Cultures/
-SSackeim, Harold A. (1951- ), and Ruben C. Gur (1947- ) i "Self-Deception, Self-Confrontation, and Consciousness," Consciousness and Self-Regulation, Vol.2 (New York: Plenum, 1978), 139-197. LOC: BW (copy); U of Idaho. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Self-deception/
Gur & Sackeim (1979)
Sacks, Harvey (1935-1975) iii Notes on Police Assessment of Moral Character, in David Sudnow (editor), Studies in Social Interaction (New York: The Free Press, 1972), 280-293. LOC: U of Miami. How police patrol officers learn to treat their beat as a territory of normal appearances and hence develop an incongruity procedure when deviations appear. Thus they become more alert to even minor variations as anomalies worthy of investigation. Sacks had his PhD from UC-Berkeley, 1966, and held professorial posts at UCLA and UC-Irvine. He was a maverick American sociologist strongly influenced by Harold Lasswell, Erving Goffman, and Harold Garfinkel. FIELDS: 3-Star/Police/Incongruity/
i Button Button Whos Got the Button? Sociological Inquiry, Vol.50, No.3/4 (1980), 318-327. LOC: BW (copy). Dr. Sacks philosophizes about young children who use sleight-of-hand in the deceptiondetection game of Button, Button. This is a posthumously edited transcript of a lecture given by Sacks at UCLA in 1966, a clever idea but evidently tackled on one of his sillier days, which may explain why he hadnt published it. FIELDS: 1-Star/Games/Children/
Sacks, Oliver (1933- ) ii The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat; and Other Clinical Tales. New York: Summit Books, 1987, 233pp. A study of bizarre neurological disorders. The relevant section is Dr. Sacks' account of aphasiacs as keen detectors of deception. See also Rouech (1980) and Gawande (2002). The London-born Dr. Sacks (1960 MD from Queens College, Oxford) has been Professor of Neurology at the Einstein College of Medicine in New York City since 1965. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/ Goldberg (2001)
Saferstein, Richard, Ph.D. (1941- ) iii Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science. 8th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004, xvii+588pp+CD. LOC: Rogue Community College (Grants Pass, OR); U of Central Florida. One of the three current standard textbooks on criminalistics in America. The 1st edition had appeared in 1977. See also Inman & Rudin (2001) and White (2004). FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/
Sagan, Carl (1934-1996) ii The Fine Art of Baloney Detection, in the authors The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark (New York: Random House, 1995), 201-218. A modest and not particularly insightful essay on how to investigate various necromantic, rhetorical, and advertising claims. Sagans conclusion: use the scientists standard baloney detection kit, which consists of tools for skeptical thinking. These turn out to be nothing more than the standard exposs of rhetorical tricks. See also Schrank (1975). American astronomer and best-selling popular-science writer Dr. Sagan took his PhD in astronomy & astrophysics in 1960 from the University of Chicago after which he professed astronomy at, successively, Harvard and Cornell. FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/Rhetoric/
Salzman, Maurice i Plagiarism: The Art of Stealing Literary Material. Los Angeles: Parker, Stone & Baird Co., 1931, 268pp. Foreword by Rupert Hughes. LOC: UC-Berkeley. The first systematic and legalistic study of plagiarism. OK on its categories and legal cases; but gives only specific case-by-case scraps on its detection with no generalizations or guidelines. See also Lindey (1952), Mallon (1989), LaFollette (1992), and Harris (2001). Saltzman was a Los Angeles lawyer connected with the Hollywood film industry. FIELDS: 1-Star/Plagiarism/
Sarbin, Theodore R. (1911-2005) ii Clinical PsychologyArt or Science, Psychometrika, Vol.6, No.6 (Dec 1941), 391-400. LOC: BW (copy); NPS. Ted Sarbin, the son of Russian immigrants, was a noted American social psychologist and mentor of Karl Scheibe. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
iiii "Prolegomenon to a Theory of Counterdeception," in Daniel & Herbig (1982), 151-173. Identifies the key to consistently successful detection of deception as acumen, the ability to empathize or play the role of the deceiver. See also Scheibe (1979). Important because Sarbin expanded on some of R. V. Joness points and foreshadowed some of Whaleys. His theorys weak point, to my mind, is its insistence that large-scale highconsequence strategic interactions are psychologically any different than tactical-level ones. At the time of writing Dr. Sarbin was Emeritus Professor of Psychology and Criminology from UC-Santa Cruz, from which hed retired in 1976. Until shortly before
his death from pancreatic cancer at age 94, Sarbin was still active working two days a week at the Defense Personnel Security Research Center in Monterey and writing, conferencing, and golfing in Carmel. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Counterdeception/Empathy/
i "Self-Deception in the Claims of Hypnotic Subjects," in Lockard & Paulhus (1988), 99-112. See also Deshere (1960). FIELDS: 1-Star/Self-deception/
Sargant, William [Walters] (1907-1988) i Battle for the Mind: A Physiology of Conversion and Brain-Washing. London: Heinemann, 1957, 248pp. Important early study of conversion-interrogation techniques. Offers a too optimistic view of this techniques efficacy. Dr. Sargant (qualified in 1930 in medicine at St. Marys Hospital, a lunatic asylum in Portsmouth) was a prominent British psychiatrist with much forensic experience. FIELDS: 1-Star/Interrogation/
Sasser, Charles W., and Craig Roberts ii One Shot One Kill. New York: Pocket Books, 1990, viii+260pp. On American combat snipers from WW I through Vietnam. Includes their disguises and, most interestingly, their countermeasures to enemy snipers. Sasser, a journalist, is a former Green Beret. Roberts, as a lance corporal in the U.S. Marines, had been a sniper in Vietnam. FIELDS: 2-Star/Snipers/
Saunders, Kenneth C[onrad] ii The Medical Detectives: A Study of Forensic Pathologists. London: Middlesex University Press, 2001, 159pp. LOC: British Library Document Supply Centre; Oxford. On the 50 forensic pathologists then practicing in the United Kingdom. Saunders, born and raised in Austria, immigrated to England in 1939. Took his PhD in sociology and retired in 1986 as Senior Lecturer at Middlesex U. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Savage, George (1909- ) iii Forgeries, Fakes, and Reproductions: A Handbook for the Art Dealer and Collector. London: Barrie and Rockliff, 1963; New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964, xiii+312pp. Reprinted 1976. LOC: BW; NPS; Yale. Covers furniture, metalwork, carvings, ceramics, glass, painting, and drawing. Scholarly and very useful book by a British antique expert. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/Antiques/Collectables/
Saxe, Marshal Maurice, comte de (1696-1750) Reveries sur lart de la guerre. 1732. iii English translation as My Reveries Upon the Art of War, in Thomas R. Phillips (editor), Roots of Strategy: A Collection of Military Classics (Harrisburg, PA: Military Service Publishing Company, 1940), 189-300. LOC: NPS; Air U. A military classic but too commonly overlooked. Saxe, a notably stratagematic French general, is important to study not only because he was, as Liddell Hart (1927, pp.61, 62) noted, the most consistently successful commander in the 1700s but also the first modern military writer to stress the importance of maneuver and surprise and the many ruses, feints, and other deceptions that may support those means by diverting the enemys reserves. Moreover Saxe had a keen understanding of the psychological factors bearing on the discipline and behavior of soldiers, officers, and commanders enemies as well as his own. He was strongly influenced in these cunning matters by Machiavelli and took as his principal models the Roman Legions and the campaigns of Turenne. See also under Liddell Hart (1927) and Gat (2001). Saxes Reveries sur lart de la guerre, written in 1732 and first published posthumously in 1757, enjoyed an immediate success, but one that unfortunately was quickly superceded by the greater fames of Frederick the Great and Napoleon. His recent influence has been largely limited to Col. T. E. Lawrence and Capt. B. H. Liddell Hart. FIELDS: 3-Star/Military/Deception/
Sayle, Edward F. Chronology of a Deception: George Washingtons Deception Operations Prior to the Victory at Yorktown, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.25 (Summer 1981), 1-19. LOC: not seen. FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/USA/Biography/
Sayles, Wayne G. iii Classical Deception: Counterfeits, Forgeries and Reproductions of Ancient Coins. Iola, Wisc.: Krause Publications, 2001, ix+196pp. LOC: BW; Pacific Beach PL. Comprehensive, authoritative, admirable. A convenient summary and update is his, Ancient Coin Collecting (2nd Edition, Iola: Krause, 2003), 233-239. See also Hill (1924 & 1925). Sayles is a widely published American expert on coins from the ancient world. Began collecting in 1967 when he bought his first coin in a bazaar in Adana, Turkey, while serving with the USAF. FIELDS: 3-Star/Coins/
Schacter, Daniel L. iiii The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001, x+272pp. LOC: BW. Reprinted in Britain with main & subtitles reversed. Prof. Schacters seven causes of memory failure are transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. McCrone (2004) judges this one of the better recent studies of memory. See also Loftus (1991, 1994, 1997) and Ross & MacDonald (1997).
Dr. Schacter (1981 U of Toronto PhD in Psychology), an American, is a Professor of Psychology at Harvard. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Psychology/Memory/
Schafer, John R., M.A. (1954- ), Joe Navarro, M.A. (1953- ) iii Advanced Interviewing Techniques: Proven Strategies for Law Enforcement, Military, and Security Personnel. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd., 2003, xvii+143pp. LOC: BW3. The authors fulfill the promise of their title and subtitle. Lists, summarizes, and lightly documents many (but not some of the best) of the more effective techniquestoo bad, for this book could have easily been a 4-Star. Has a high quality 142-item bibliography. See particularly Chapter 8 (Detecting Deception, 59-72). Schafer is an FBI Special Agent, working toward a PhD in clinical psychology. Navarro is a retired FBI Special Agent. FIELDS: 3-Star/Interrogation/
Scharff, Hanns J. (1908-1992) SEE: Toliver & Scharff (1979) Schechter, Bruce ii My Brain is Open: The Mathematical Journeys of Paul Erds. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998, 224pp. A biography of Hungarian mathematical genius Paul Erds (1913-1996). See also Hoffman (1998). Dr. Schechter, an MIT PhD in theoretical physics, is a freelance science writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Math/Biography/
Scheibe, Karl E. (1937- ) iii Mirrors Masks Lies and Secrets: The Limits of Human Predictability. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1979, xii+176pp. LOC: Miami Institute of Psychology. Sees the psychologist and the detective as enjoying an exaggerated, almost fraudulent mystique of one who knows. Urges that psychology be refocused to better serve as a bridge between the natural sciences and the humanities. A handy summary is Karl E. Scheibe, "The Psychologist's Advantage and Its Nullification: Limits of Human Predictability," American Psychologist (October 1978), 869-881. See also Sarbin (1982). Dr. Scheibe (1963 UC-Berkeley PhD in Psychology under Ted Sarbin) was a professor of psychology at Wesleyan University and a psychiatrist in private practice. FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/
Schelling, Thomas C. (1921- ) ii The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1960, vii+309pp. LOC: NPS. A pioneering application of Von Neumann & Morgensterns Game Theory to the study of conflict and conflict resolution in world politics. Still a worthwhile introduction to this field. See particularly Chapter 9 The Reciprocal Fear of Surprise Attack (pp.207-229) and Chapter 10 Surprise Attack and Disarmament (pp.230-254).
Written while Professor Schelling was still at Harvard. Later, at the University of Maryland, he capped his illustrious career with a 2005 Nobel Prize in Economics for his work on game theory. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Surprise/GameTheory/ Wohlstetter (1962); Kam (1988).
Schiffman, Nathaniel iiii Abracadabra! Secret Methods Magicians & Others Use to Deceive Their Audiences. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1997, 441pp. Foreword by Henry Gordon. LOC: BW. How to detect the tricks of magicians, plus a quick look at the deceptions of such others as advertisers, politicians, spies, con artists, movie directors, faith healers, and psychics. According to Jeff Busby this is the only book to attempt (and with substantial success) this kind of reverse engineering of magicyet the author isnt even a magician. See also Triplett (1900), Randal (1982), Friedhoffer (1996), and Lamont & Wiseman (1999). CLASSES: FIELDS 603/ 4-Star/Magic/Con/Psi/HUMINT/
Schindler, John R. iii A Hopeless Struggle: Austro-Hungarian Cryptology during World War I, Cryptologia, Vol.24, No.4 (Oct 2000), 339-350. LOC: BW (copy); Internet (ProQuest). Reveals the superb code-breaking work of the Austro-Hungarian military intelligence services Cryptanalysis Bureau (Dechiffrierdienst) in 1914-18. This unit, head by Max Ronge, consistently gave detailed and accurate and timely warning of Russian and Italian military operations comparable to the British Ultra in WW II. Requires a substantial rewriting of all surprise attacks on the Eastern and Italian fronts in WW I. See also Ronge (1930 & 1935). Based on a paper presented by the author to the Oct 1997 NSA Cryptologic History Symposium. Dr. Schindler (1995 PhD in European & military history from McMaster U, Canada). Was an NSA counter-espionage & counter-terrorist expert. This article is based on the authors doctoral dissertation, A Hopeless Struggle: The Austro-Hungarian Army and Total War, 1914-1918 (1995). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/A&P/ CLASSES: 3-Star/Cryptology/Austria-Hungary/ 603/
Schlesinger, James R. (1929- ) Dr. Schlesinger (1956 PhD in Economics) had been with RAND 1963-69, DCI 1973, and SecDef 1973-75. SEE UNDER: Rositzke (1988).
Schmid, Paul W. ii How to Detect Damaged, Altered, and Repaired Stamps. Huntington, NY: Palm Press, 1979, ix+105pp. Facsimile reprint 1996 with new authors Preface and updated resource addresses on pp.94-96. While all specific examples are U.S. postage stamps, the general methods of faking and detection apply to those of most other nations. FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/
Schmitt, Gary J,, and Abram N. Shulsky iii Leo Strauss and the World of Intelligence (By Which We Do Not Mean Nous), in Kenneth L. Deutsch & John A. Murley (editors), Leo Strauss, the Straussians, and the American Regime (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999), 407-412. LOC: BW. The authors argue that Strausss epistemology is preferable to Sherman Kents. I disagree. Leo Strauss (1899-1973) is the preeminent philosopher of the NeoConservative movement, although I find him slim pickins compared to his two contemporary German Jewish immigrant philosophers, Hans Morgenthau and Hannah Arendt. A useful critique of Strauss is Mark Lila, The Closing of the Straussian Mind, New York Review of Books (4 Nov 2004), 55-59. Shulsky took a University of Chicago PhD in political science in 1972 under Leo Strauss. Schmitt took his there in 1980 after Strausss death. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: A&P/ 3-Star/INTEL/ CLASSES: 603/
Godson, May, & Schmitt (1995) Shulsky (2002)
Schneier, Bruce (1963- ) iii Secrets & Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000, xv+412pp. LOC: BW; MIT. Computer security. An advanced text in plain language. See also Karger (1987), Clark & Diliberto (1996), and Mendell (1998). Schneier is a leading American cryptologist (authored Applied Cryptography in 1994) and computer security consultant. REV: David W. Miller in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.11, No.3 (Fall 1998), 371-381, an enthusiastic review of Schneiers earlier Applied Cryptography [sic] (2nd edition). REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.25, No.1 (Jan 2001). FIELDS: 3-Star/Computers/Cryptology/
Scholars Guide to Intelligence Literature SEE: Cline & others (1983) Schrank, Jeffrey Deception Detection: An Educators Guide to the Art of Insight. Boston: Beacon Press, 1975, 154pp. Despite the promise of its title, an inconsequential manual for spotting and countering the rhetoric of false advertising claims. Instead see Sagan (1995). FIELDS: 0-Star/Incongruity/
Schroeder, Andreas (1946- ) i Scams, Scandals, and Sculduggery. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1996, xv+228pp. The first of three popular books that originated with the authors radio talk series, Basic Black, for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The author teaches non-fiction writing at the University of British Columbia. His follow-up books are Cheats, Charlatans, and Chicanery (1997) and the following: FIELDS: 1-Star/Frauds/Cheating/
i Fakes, Frauds, and Flimflammery. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1999, xiii+264pp. LOC: BW. FIELDS: 1-Star/Frauds/
Schubert, Hiltmar, and Andrey Kuznetsov (editors) iii Detection of Explosives and Landmines: Methods and Field Experience. Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, xiii+249pp. LOC: Congress; NPS; British L. A collection of 25 articles and abstracts by dozens of international experts who had participated in the 3rd NATO-sponsored advanced research workshop on Explosives Detection and Humanitarian Demining that had been held Sep 2001 in St. Petersburg, Russia. Both editors are physicists, Prof. Dr. Schubert a German in chemical technology in Pfinztal, Germany; and Dr. Kuznetsov a Russian working at the Radium Institute in St. Petersburg. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Investigation/
iii Detection of Bulk Explosives: Advanced Techniques against Terrorism. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, xiii+232pp. LOC: CalTech; British L; Australian Defence Force Academy; U of Hong Kong. A collection of 27 highly technical papers by numerous international experts who attended the Jun 2003 Explosive Detection Working Group in St. Petersburg, Russia. See also Yinon (1999). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/WMD/Terrorism/
Schller, Sepp Flscher, Hndler und Experten: Das Zwielichtige Abenteuer der Kunstflschungen Munich: Ehrenwirth, 1959, 288pp. LOC: Getty Center. iii English translation by James Cleugh as Forgers, Dealers, Experts: Strange Chapters in the Twilight of Art Forgery. London: Arthur Barker, 1960, xv+200pp. LOC: BW; Oxford. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, 1960, xv+200pp. LOC: Getty; Northwestern. On forged Van Goghs, Corots, Utrillos, etc. Highly recommended by Jeppson and indeed better than the average book on the subject. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/
Schum, David A. (1932- ) iiiii The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994, xviii+545pp. LOC: BW3; Evergreen State College (Olympia, WA). A textbook but possibly the best Ive ever seen in terms of its authors ability to give access to such highly technical information. Covers from Bayes, through Pierce and Sherlock Holmes, to Eco. And all largely in plain terms that make its concepts and methods understandable to non-statisticians. Everything the detective or intelligence analyst needs to know about these crucial analytical methods enough to use these tools themselves or at least know which type of statistician to consult. See particularly Chapter 9 (Discovery and the Generation of Evidence, pp.450-504). Dr. Schum (1964 PhD from Ohio State U), a follower of Ward Edwards, is an American psychologist & statistician. He has been Professor of Information Technology and Engineering at George Mason University since 1985, having in 1993 added the title of Professor of Law. REV: David W. Miller in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.6, No.1 (Spr 1993), 120-131. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 5-Star/Logic/Statistics/ CLASSES: 603/
iii "Probabilistic Reasoning and the Science of Complexity," in Shanteau, Mellers, Schum (1999),183-209. An historical survey of the applications of Bayesian reasoning with Schum's own revised thoughts on its utility. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Statistics/
iii Evidence and Inference about Past Events: An Overview of Six Case Studies, in Twining & Hampshere-Monk (2003), 9-62. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Logic/
Shanteau, Mellers, Schum (1999) for other contributions by Schum.
Schweingruber, Fritz Hans (1936- ) iii Tree Rings: Basics and Applications of Dendrochronology. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1988, 276pp. LOC: US Geological Survey (Menlo Park). A standard textbook for both experts and the laity. English translation of Der Jahrring (Bern: 1983). See also Fritts (1991) and Taylor & Aitken (1997). Prof. Dr. Schweingruber is a Swiss forestry scientist in Zurich, Switzerland. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Dendrochronology/
Schweitzer, Maurice E., Rachel Croson iii Curtailing Deception: The Impact of Direct Questions on Lies and Omissions, in MenkelMeadow & Wheeler (2004), 175-199. Presents a strong case for asking direct questions in negotiations and, I assume, interrogations. Both authors taught in the Department of Operations and Information
Management, Wharton School, U of Pennsylvania. Dr. Schweitzer is a 1993 U of Pennsylvania PhD at Wharton since 1998. Dr. Croson is a 1994 Harvard PhD. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Negotiating/Interrogation/
Schweitzer, Nicholas i "Bayesian Analysis: Estimating the Probability of Middle East Conflict," in Heuer (1978), 1130. Interesting but, as Axelrod (1979), fn.28, points out, neglects to distinguish between the different likelihoods of surprise in low versus high-stakes situations. This is an abridged version of the authors 30+v page paper, "Bayesian Analysis for Intelligence: Some Focus on the Middle East", presented at the 17th annual convention of the International Studies Association, Toronto, Canada, 28 Feb 1976. Schweitzer was then with the CIA's Office of Political Research. FIELDS: 1-Star/Statistics/Bayes/
Scot, Reginald (1538-1599) iiiThe discouerie of witchcraft, Wherein the lewde dealing of witches and witchmongers is notablie detected. London: William Brome, 1584, 560pp. LOC: British L. Reprinted in 1651, 1665, 1886, 1930, 1964, 1971, 1972, and 1989. A Dutch translation, Ondecking van Tovery, was published in 1609. Reprinted as The Discoverie of Witchcraft, New York: Dover, 1972, xxxvii+282pp. Introduction by Montagu Summers. LOC: BW3; British L. The first work in English to expose magic tricks. While generally showing the wonders of witches to be based on non-supernatural methods, two long chapters specifically describe & explain the sleights & other natural methods of conjurors. King James I, who believed in witchcraft, ordered that Scot's expos be burned. Enough copies survived to lead to several reprints. Scot had been born in Smeeth, Kent, England. Entered Oxford University in 1555. Became a country gentleman farmer and justice of the peace in Kent. Learned magic around 1580 by tuition from professional magician John Cautares specifically to help write this book by understanding how the tricks of natural magic could be misrepresented as and mistaken for miracles. FIELDS: 3-Star/Magic/
Scott, Kenneth (1900-1993) ii Counterfeiting in Colonial America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1957, 283pp. Reprinted in 2000. Foreword by U. E. Baughman. LOC: BW; Oxford. Covers Indians faking their own wampum, counterfeiting of British and foreign coins (mainly by colonial silversmiths), and British counterfeiting of rebel paper currency. The American author, a noted genealogist, also wrote detailed monographs on counterfeiting in colonial New York (1953), Pennsylvania (1955), Connecticut (1957), and Rhode Island (1960). FIELDS: 2-Star/Coins/Currency/
Scott-Donelan, David iii Tactical Tracking Operations: The Essential Guide for Military and Police Trackers. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 1998, xiii+184pp. Nuts-and-bolts military tracking. See particularly Chapter7 (Countering the Tracker), 85-105. Very highly recommended by H. John Poole (2003) who based his Chapter 16 (pp.203-220) mainly on it. Capt. Scott-Donelan was a 28-year career soldier, serving in special operations in Rhodesia in 1961-1980, South Africa in 1980, and South-West Africa (Namibia) ca.1985. Moved in 1989 to the USA where he founded-directed the Tactical Training Operations School (TTOS) in Nevada. FIELDS: 3-Star/Tracking/
Seabrook, William (1887-1945) ii Doctor Wood: Modern Wizard of the Laboratory. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1941, xiv+335pp. LOC: San Diego PL. The only biography of Dr. Robert Williams Wood (1868-1955), American physicist, practical joker, and forensic detective. Although never took a doctorate, became Professor of Experimental Physics at Johns Hopkins in 1901. An extract of the segments on Blondlot, Palladino, and Margery appears in Weiss & Chartier (2004), 2-23. For more on Wood see under Conant (2002). Biographer Seabrook, a freelance writer and skeptical student of the occult, was commissioned by his publisher to do this book. On the writing of this book see William Seabrook, No Hiding Place: An Autobiography (New York: Lippincott, 1942), 381-384. FIELDS: Seaman, Mark SEE: Harris (2000) Sear, Lydia, and Tom Williamson iii British and American Interrogation Strategies, in Canter & Alison (1999), 65-81. A rare and welcome comparison showing the vast differences between recent (and still current) interrogation practices by the police of Britain and the USA. In general, since the IRA scandals of the mid-1980s British police have been retrained to adopt a neutral stance to encourage gathering of accurate information. However, this search for the truth still conflicts with their requirement to operate within the adversarial system. Conversely, American police are encouraged to use such court-approved psychologically manipulative techniques as lies, trickery, and deception to coerce confessions. Sear, a forensic psychologist, had done field work with American police interrogators. Dr. Williamson had taken his PhD on police interrogation in Britain. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/Cultures/ 2-Star/Forensics/Biography/
Searcy, William A. (1950- ), and Stephen Nowicki iiii The Evolution of Animal Communication: Reliability and Deception in Signaling Systems. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005, xii+270pp. LOC: BW; Princeton U; Syracuse U. A superb account. Thorough and clear.
Dr. William A. Bill Searcy is Professor of Ornithology at the University of Miami. Dr. Stephen Steve Nowicki (1985 Cornell PhD in Neurobiology & Behavior) is a Professor of Biology at Duke. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Zoology/Deception/Evolution/ 601/
Seaver, Kirsten A. (1934- ) ii Maps, Myths, and Men: The Story of the Vinland Map. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004, xxi+480pp. LOC: Orange County PL (Westminster, CA). A nearly definitive account of the Vinland Map forgery. See also Monmonier (1995), McCrone & others (1998), and Feder (1999), 122-125. Seaver is a freelance historian. FIELDS: 2-Star/Maps/Documents/
Sebeok, Thomas A. (1920-2001), and Jean Umiker-Sebeok iii You Know My Method: A Juxtaposition of Charles S. Peirce and Sherlock Holmes, in Semiotica, Vol.26, No.3/4 (1979), 203-250. Reprinted in Eco & Sebeok (1983), 11-54. LOC: BW. Shows that when Peirce solved a real-world mystery in 1879 he used his own (and later Holmess) inferential logic of retroduction. The Hungarian-American Sebeok and his wife Dr. Umiker-Sebeok are distinguished anthropologists and semioticians. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Logic/
Secrest, Meryle i Duveen: A Life in Art. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004, xxii+517pp. LOC: Sunnyvale PL. A biography of shady British art dealer Joseph Duveen (1869-1939). See also Simpson (1986). Secrest, an English woman now living in Washington, DC, is a writer of biographies. FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/Biography/
Seckel, Al iiiIncredible Visual illusions. London: Arcturus Publishing Limited, 2003, 256pp. LOC: BW3; scarce. A scientific overview, despite the hokey title. Organized by types of illusions. For similar material organized by their artists see Seckels following title. Dr. Seckel, a leading authority on visual perception, particularly optical illusions, is a cognitive neuroscientist at CalTech. FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/
iiii Masters of Deception: Escher, Dal & the Artists of Optical Illusion. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., 2004, 320pp. Foreword by Douglas R. Hofstadter. LOC: Chapman U (Orange, CA). A magnificently illustrated survey of the illusionary work of 20 major painters from Giuseppi Archimboldo (1527-1593); through Escher (1898-1972), Dal (1904-1989), and Reutersvrd (1915-2002); to Akiyoshi Kitaoka (1961- ). Great fun (and a fine teaching tool) analyzing the discrepancies in each of the 400 or illustrations. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 4-Star/Art/Biography/
Segal, Erich (1937- ) i The Death of Comedy. Cambridge, Mass.: 2001, xi+589pp. Wrap-up of the authors work since 1973 on Greek comedy, carrying the story to the present. Dr. Segal, a novelist and classics scholar, is properly erudite; but, enthralled by Freudian theory, he unfortunately overlooks such key humor theorists as Hazlitt, Emerson, Leacock, Richter, and H. Spencer and hence the entire Incongruity Theory of Humor. Even Segals Death theme is a bit of a coy shuck titillation without consummation or, to apply one of his own tired metaphors, coitus interruptus. Anyway, he himself disclaims it by admitting his book is just a metaphor, not a history; although, in that case, I dont understand what he intends the subject of the metaphor to be. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Seligman, Daniel (1924- ) ii A Question of Intelligence: The IQ Debate in America. New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1992, xvi+239pp. A survey of the main competing theories of intelligence. Compare Gould (1981). The author is an American journalist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
Seliktar, Ofira ii Politics, Paradigms, and Intelligence Failures: Why So Few Predicted the Collapse of the Soviet Union. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2004, xiv+281pp. LOC: NPS. Treats the implosion of Soviet Russia in 1991 as a classic case study in prediction of political change and a typical failure of intelligence analysis. See also Xenakis (2002). And compare Bruce D. Berkowitz and Jeffrey T. Richelson, The CIA Vindicated: The Soviet Collapse Was Predicted, The National Interest, Vol.41 (Fall 1995), 36-47. Dr. Seliktar (PhD in political science from Strathclyde U in Glasgow, Scotland) had received her BA was from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Currently teaches at Gratz College and Temple University in the USA. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/
Senger, Harro von (1944- ) Stratageme. Bern: Scherz Verlag, 1988, 445pp. LOC: Cambridge. ii English edition and translation by Myron B. Gubitz as The Book of Stratagems: Tactics for Triumph and Survival. New York: Viking, 1991, xii+397pp. LOC: Naval War College; Pacific Beach PL. Based on the Chinese classic, 36 Stratagems. Compare Bloodworth & Bloodworth (1976). The author is a Swiss sinologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/
Sergeant, Philip W. (1872- ) i Liars and Fakers. London: Hutchinson & Co., [1923], 319pp. Extended essays on four early rogues: Rev. Titus Oates, Capt. Thomas Dangerfield, George Psalmanazar, and William Henry Ireland. See also Aldington (1957). FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Sestini, Domenico (1750-1832) Sopra i moderni falsificatori di medaglie greche antiche nei tre metali e descrizione di tutti quelle prodotte dai medesimi nello spazio di pochi anni [On modern fakers of ancient Greek coins ....]. Florence: Pr. Attilio Tofani, 1826, 40pp + 4 plates. LOC: U of Manchester; not seen. Reportedly the pioneering Italian numismatic sleuth who first exposed both Becker and Caprara as forgers of Greek coins and medals. See also Hill (1924). FIELDS: ?-Star/Coins/Biography/
Severin, Werner J., James W. Tankard, Jr. i Communication Theories: Origins, Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media. 5th Edition, New York: Longman, 2001, xv+411pp. LOC: U of the Pacific (Stockton); Oxford. A general introductory textbook but too simplistic for me to recommend. The 1st edition had appeared in 1979. Both Dr. Severin (1967 Wisconsin PhD) and Dr. Tankard (1970 Stanford PhD) are Professors of Journalism at the University of Texas, Austin. FIELDS: 1-Star/Media/
Seymour, Janet L. ii Deception in Warfare: Selected References. Maxwell AFB, AL: Air University, Jan 1996, last updated 14 Jan 1998. LOC: National Defense U (1996 edition); Internet (14 Jan 1998 update). Updates Bryant (1985). An unannotated grab-bag bibliography of recent books and articles. However, because it includes many obscure documents and articles not covered here, I commend it to all bibliographic completists! Seymour was a professional bibliographer at the Air University Library, Maxwell AFB. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Military/Bibliography/
Shaffer, A[nthony] (1926-2001) iii Sleuth. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1970, 125pp. LOC: Congress. A playscript. This was its first publication, preceding the British first edition by a year. The play premiered in 1970 in London at St. Martins Theatre. It then opened on Broadway on 12 Nov 1970 where it ran for 23 months and won the 1971 best play Tony Award. Sometime around early 1971 I asked myself, What would be the most elegant mystery story? And, after brief thought, answered, One with only TWO suspects. I decided this would make an interesting basis for trying to plot a short story. Fortunately, before I got around to writing, I realized Id been preempted when I learned that a highly successful play was already currently on stages in both London and New York. It was Shaffers Sleuth. Almost immediately, the movie version appeared in 1971, starring Lawrence Olivier and Michael Caine. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Fiction/
Shah, Tahir (1966- ) iii Sorcerers Apprentice. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2001, 323pp. LOC: BW. An insiders account of Indian conjuring. Tahir Shah was an Afghani nobleman raised in Britain who went to India to study to become a magician. Son of famous Sufi scholar and writer Idries Shah. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Magic/India/Biography/
Shammi, P[rathiba], and D[onald] T. Stuss iii Humour appreciation: a role of the right frontal lobe," Brain: a journal of neurology, Vol.122, No.4 (April 1999), 657-666. LOC: BW (copy). An important study by two neuro-psychologists at the University of Toronto of the effects of jokes on 42 men and women, 21 with "minor" brain damage, specifically to their right anterior frontal lobes. These latter tended to miss punch lines and appreciate only the surprising but illogical humor found in broad slapstick of the Three Stooges type. See also Brownell, Michel, Powelson, & Gardner (1983), Winner & Brownell (1998), and Goel & Dolan (2001). Dr. Shammi led the study, which was her doctoral dissertation at the University of Torontos Rotman Research Institute under the direction of Professor Stuss. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Shannon, Claude E[lwood] (1916-2001) iiiii A Mathematical Theory of Communication, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol.27 (Jul & Oct 1948), 379-423 & 623-656. Reprinted in Shannon (1993), 5-83. Reprinted (and repaginated) in Claude E. Shannon and Warren Weaver, The Mathematical Theory Of Communication. Urbana: The University of Illinois Press, 1949, v+125pp. Reprinted 1998. LOC: LA PL; U of West Florida. This article is the original presentation of Shannons powerful and still standard signalredundancy-noise theory of electronic communication, which by 1950 also became
called information theory. Concise popular-science expositions were Weaver (1949), Pierce (1961), and Cherry (1957). They made Shannons theory available to those of us then immersing ourselves in the new field of human communications. Another book that adds a good biographical sketch is Kahn (1996 revised), 743-752. Important efforts to apply Shannons electronic signal-vs.-noise theory to various social science communications problems were Attneave (1959), Barlow (1961), Wohlstetter (1962), Green & Swets (1966), Whaley (1969), and Krebs & Dawkins (1984). Note that all of these pre-1984 works (including my own) overlooked Shannons crucial third category of redundancy. Moreover, most still err in portraying Weaver as a coauthor of Shannon when he was only the first popularizer. See also Kahn (2001) for a misinformed and off-center Theory of Intelligence. Dr. Shannon, an MIT math PhD (1940), was with the Bell Labs at the time he developed this work. Thence at MIT from 1958 until his retirement in 1978. He died at age 84, ironically for such a keen mind, of Alzheimers. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ CLASSES: 600/603/ 5-Star/COMINT/Communications/Methodology/
iiii Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol.28 (Oct 1949), 656-715. LOC: www.prism.net. Reprinted in Sloane & Wyner (1993), 84-143. A classic. The first systematic theory of cryptologyboth cryptography and cryptanalysis. REV: Axel Roch in Cryptologia, Vol.23, No.3 (Apr 1999). FIELDS: 4-Star/Cryptology/COMINT/
ii The Bandwagon, Institute of Radio Engineers, Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. IT2 (Mar 1956), 3; as reprinted in Sloane & Wyner (1993), 462. A much-needed but little-heeded cautionary editorial on the dangers of misapplying the jargon of one academic discipline to another, specifically Shannons own Mathematical Theory of Communication to such behavioral science fields as sociology and political science. His skepticism was shared by Pierce (1961), 229, 249. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Communications/
Weaver (1949) Attneave (1959) Sloane & Wyner (1993) Kline (2004)
Shanteau, James iii "Decision Making by Experts: The GNAHM Effect," in Shanteau, Mellers, Schum (1999), 105-130. Dr. Shanteau, a specialist on the above subject, is a Professor of Psychology at Kansas City State U. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Decision/Experts/
________ , Barbara Mellers, David A. Schum (editors) iii Decision Science and Technology: Reflections on the Contributions of Ward Edwards. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999, xii+434pp. LOC: Florida Atlantic U. Twenty-four essays in honor of the founder of behavioral decision-making research. See also Meehl (1973), Kahneman, Slovic, Tversky (1982), and Gigerenzer & Todd (1999). FIELDS: 3-Star/Decision/
Shapiro, Martin F. iii Drug audits in investigational drug trials and their implications for detection of misconduct in science, in Stephen Lock and Frank Wells (editors), Fraud and Misconduct in Medical Research. [1st edition], London: BMJ Publishing Group, 1993), 128-141. LOC: Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Shows that the FDAs audit program substantially reduced fraudulent research reporting. This article does not appear in the 3rd edition, having been replaced by Horowitz (2001). Dr. Shapiro (1973 MD from McGill and PhD in History from UCLA) taught at UCLAs School of Medicine and has been a consultant at RAND in Santa Monica. FIELDS: 3-Star/Medicine/Fraud/Investigation/
Shearer, Robert A. (1939- ) iii Statement Analysis: SCAN or Scam? Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.23, No.3 (May/Jun 1999), 40-43. LOC: BW (copy). A negative assessment of this recent lie-detection fad. See also N. Smith (2001) and McClish (2003). The author was a professor of criminal justice at Sam Houston State University in Texas. Took his PhD in 1969 in counseling psychology. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Sheffield, Gail K. (1940- ) i The Arbitrary Indian: The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997, viii+223pp. LOC: Princeton; Columbia; St. Thomas U. Illustrates unanticipated dysfunctional consequences of U.S. Congressional legislation that was supposed to protect American Indian crafts from foreign-made forgeries. Based on the retired lawyers 1994 doctoral dissertation from Tulane University. Oddly missing is any information about who counterfeits which Indian arts and how those fakes have been detected. For that see Horse Capture (1992). FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/Amerindians/
Sheldon, Rose Mary (1948- ) ii The Polygraph, Adultery and the Romans or Fluttering in Antiquity, Foreign Intelligence Literary Scene, Vol.5, No.1 (Mar/Apr 1986), 2. LOC: BW3 (copy). Latin philosopher Macrobius reported around 400 AD the tale of a man who tested his wifes virtue by getting a third party to check her pulse. Col. Dr. Sheldon (1987 U of Michigan ancient history PhD) and since 1993 has been a professor at Virginia Military Institute. FIELDS: 2-Star/Rome/Interrogation/Lying/
ii Byzantine Counterintelligence and the Bulgarians, Intelligence Quarterly, Vol.1, No.4 (Feb 1986), 4-5. LOC: BW3 (copy). On the simple but extraordinarily effective deception coup in 773 by Bulgarian Khan Telerig against Byzantine Emperor Constantine V (AD 741-775) who we presume should have known better. FIELDS: 2-Star/Byzantium/Counterintel/
iii Slaughter in the Forest: Roman Intelligence Mistakes in Germany, Small Wars and Insurgencies, Vol.12, No.3 (London: Autumn 2001), 1-38. LOC: BW3 (copy). On the failure of intelligence in A.D.9 that facilitated the ambush by the Germanic Cherusci tribes led by Prince Arminius in the German forest of Teutoburg, which destroyed the three great Roman legions under General Varus. This was, as Sheldon shows (p.1), a classic example of strategic surprise which caught the Romans off guard and changed the course of their foreign policy forever. See also Wells (2003). FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL-analysis/Rome/
iiii Espionage in the Ancient World: An Annotated Bibliography of Books and Articles in Western Languages. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2003, xi+232pp. Foreword by Thomas Durrell-Young. LOC: BW3; NPS. A model bibliography. Comprehensive, cross-referenced by topic, indexed, and competently proofed. Comprises well-annotated entries on intelligence in Ancient and Medieval times. Totals 839 entries (about 800 if we delete the duplicates). REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.27, No.2 (Apr 2003). REV: Michael Douglas Smith in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (Winter 2004-05). 755-756. Enthusiastic review by an intelligencer (ex-CIA) and classicist. REV: Hayden B. Peake in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.47, No.3. Recommends this as an essential reference work. A point seconded by all other reviewers. FIELDS: 4-Star/Greece/Rome/HUMINT/Bibliography/
iiii Intelligence Activities in Ancient Rome: Trust in the Gods, but Verify. London: Frank Cass, 2005, xxvii+317pp. LOC: BW3; Congress; British L. Comprehensive. A careful rewriting of Prof. Sheldons 1987 doctoral dissertation, Tinker, Tailor, Caesar, Spy: Espionage in Ancient Rome. A valuable contribution to the fields of both Intelligence and Roman studies. And a welcome corrective to the excessive projection by Edward Luttwak in his Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire (1976) of modern jargon with its strategic concepts, organizational models, and intelligence practices onto the much simpler Roman organization and practices. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Rome/INTEL/
Shepard, Roger N. (1929- ) iiii Mind Sights: Original Visual Illusions, Ambiguities, and Other Anomalies, with a Commentary on the Play of Mind in Perception and Art. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1990, x+228pp. LOC: BW. In this keenly provocative piece, the Stanford psych professor reasoned that certain processes by which we perceive and learn about our environment are evolved adaptations through Darwinian natural selection. Specifically, such inductive reasoning processes as our ability to perceive three-dimensional space and objects in that space and the why of our cognitive bases for the appreciation of both art and music. (He'd begun experiments on "mental rotation" in 1971.) An intelligent and literate exposition. See also Gregory (1973), Robinson (1972), and Seckel (2004, 285-293. Shepard, a Yale PhD in psychology (1955), notorious practical joker, and amateur magician (inventor of box tricks), has been a leading cognitive theoretician since 1971. See his memoir in Sternberg (2003), 214-156. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Perception/Art/Music/
iii "The genetic basis of human scientific knowledge," in Bock & Cardew (1997), 23-31, plus discussion on 31-38. Extends his catalog of the brain's evolved perception processes to include Earthly 24hour circadian rhythms, and perhaps even our ability to carry out certain types of "thought experiments". FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/Evolution/
Shepherd, Michael (1923-1995) iii Sherlock Holmes and the case of Dr. Freud. London: Tavistock Publications, 1985, 30pp. LOC: U of North Florida. A delightful cocktail of detectives Holmes, Freud, Zadig, and Morelli. Clever but, alas, overdone, leaving us with a psychiatric hangover. Based on the authors 1984 Squibb History of Psychiatry lecture, delivered at the Institute of Psychiatry, London. Dr. Shepherd was one of the more original British practitioners of that mental craft. See also Hall (1977) and Thomas (1999). FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Biography/
Sherbo, Arthur (1918- ) ii The Uses and Abuses of Internal Evidence, Bulletin of The New York Public Library, Vol.58 (1959), 5-22. Reprinted in Erdman & Fogel (1966), 6-24, from which I quote. Wise words of an Michigan State University Professor of English on the nature of internal versus external evidence for the authorship of specific literary works. FIELDS: 2-Star/Methodology/
Sherwin, Ronald G., [with] Barton Whaley iii Understanding Strategic Deception: An Analysis of 93 Cases, in Daniel & Herbig (1982), 177-194. A secondary analysis of data on 93 strategic-level deceptions in an updated version of Whaley (1969), namely Whaley, DECEPTR (1979). Sherwin was sole author, my contribution being limited to the data base and some before-and-after kibitzing. Dr. Sherwin took his PhD in international relations from USC and served as an Adjunct Professor in the Strategic Studies Department of the Naval Postgraduate School in the late 1970s when he wrote the above article. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Deception/Military/
Shibles, Warren iii Humor Reference Guide: A Comprehensive Classification and Analysis. Internet, no date [by 2001]. LOC: http://facstaff.uww.edu/shiblesw/humorbook.html. Dr. Warren A. Shibles is a Professor of Philosophy at the U of Wisconsin. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/
Shimansky, Colonel A. ii "0 dostizhenii strategicheskoi vnezapnosti pri podgotovke letne-osennei kampanii 1944 goda" [About the achievement of strategic surprise in the preparation for the summer-fall campaign of 1944], Voenno-Istorichesky Zhurnal, 1968, No. 6, pp.17-28. Official account of the Soviets late 1944 offensive, which involved their most sophisticated deception operation before their superb 1945 Manchurian campaign for which see Despres, Dzirkals, & Whaley (1976). Colonel A. N. Shimansky, a Candidate of Historical Sciences, was one of the 15 members of the committee chaired by Marshal Sokolovsky that had co-authored Military Strategy in I962. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Military/Russia/
Shimomura, Tsutomu (1964- ), with John Markoff i Take-Down: The Pursuit and Capture of Kevin Mitnick, Americas Most Wanted Computer Outlaw By the Man Who Did It. New York: Hyperion, 1996, ix+324pp. Shimomura, a Japanese citizen working in the USA, is a computer security consultant. Markoff is a computer technology reporter. Mitnick was arrested in 1995 and paroled after serving 4 years. Compare Jonathan Littman, The Fugitive Game: Online with
Kevin Mitnick (Boston, Little, Brown, 1996), which greatly downplays the detective abilities of Shimomura and the FBI and Mitnicks over-rated abilities as a computer hacker. See also Mitnick (2002). FIELDS: 1-Star/Computers/Biography/
Shoemaker, Lloyd R. iii The Escape Factory: The Story of MIS-X. New York: St. Martins Press, 1990, xiv+267pp. LOC: Palos Verdes PL. On the USAs contribution in World War Two to escape and evasion, MIS-X, the American equivalent of Britains earlier MI.9 for which see Foot & Langley (1979). Shoemaker served with MIS-X, 1943-1945. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Escape&Evasion/
Shtemenko, General of the Army S[ergei] M[atveevich] (1907- ) Generalnyi shtab v gody voiny [The General Staff during the war years]. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1968, 415pp. ii English translation as The Soviet General Staff at War, 1941-1945. Moscow: Pioneer Publishers, 1970, 399pp. Translation by Robert Daglish. Superb, revealing account of the Soviet General Staff throughout WW II by a key member of that team. Each major operation is described in chronological sequence together with a summary of its deception plan. This exemplary format gives us our best single source for tracing the evolution of Soviet deception planning from the primitive plans of 1941 through the highly sophisticated one used against the Japanese in 1945. The first comparable Western study was Jackson (1967), which similarly traces the deception planning throughout Alexanders 1943-45 Italian campaign. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Russia/
Shulman, David (1912-2004) ii An Annotated Bibliography of Cryptography. New York: Garland Pub., 1976, 388pp in various pagings. LOC: NPS. The most nearly comprehensive work on the subject. Still useful. REV: David Kahn in Cryptologia, Vol.1, No.1 (Jan 1977). REV: David Kahn in Cryptologia, Vol.29, No.1 (Jan 2005). FIELDS: 2-Star/Cryptology/Bibliography/
Shulsky, Abram N. i Silent Warfare: Understanding the World of Intelligence. 3rd edition. Washington, DC: Brasseys Inc., 2002, xiii+247pp. Revised by Gary J. Schmitt. LOC: BW; NPS. Highly controversial. Proposes a model of political-military intelligence in sharp contrast to the traditional, well-tested, and useful one described by Kent (1949). All advocates of change must accept the burden of proof, this one falls short. So I recommend we dont spend much time on this eccentric book. Instead see Kent (1949), McLachlan (1968), Jones (1989), Warner (2002), and Dahl (2004). The 1st edition had been published in 1991, the 2nd in 1993.
Dr. Shulsky (1972 U of Chicago PhD in Political Science under Leo Strauss), an ex-RAND researcher, was the DODs Director of Special Plans from 2002 until it was shut-down in mid-2003. REV: Hayden B. Peake in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.5, No.3 (Fall 1991), 333-337. This politely damning review of the 1st edition judges it a strawman attack on Sherman Kents theory of Intelligence. Peake concludes that, at most, Shulskys book and proposed theory is a stimulus for thought and discussion. REV: James J. Wirtz in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.5, No.3 (Fall 1991), 337-340. Reviewing Shulskys 1st edition, Wirtz renders basically a backhanded compliment in saying that if used wisely by the instructor, Silent Warfare would prompt much classroom discussion. I would prefer other, more focused, provocative texts. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Spring 1992. REV: John Macartney in Intelligencer, Vol.10, No.1 (Jan 1999), 3-4. Judges it the best text we have but objects to the mingling of is and ought. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/Vietnam/USA/
ii Elements of Strategic Denial and Deception, in Godson & Wirtz (2002), 15-33. The grab-all title is partly misleading. In fact, Shulskys article embeds (pp.19-26) a concise and useful catalogue of the channels through which disinformation is passed upward to policy elites. Unfortunately he leads off with a retrogressive effort to define the terms denial and deception, one that muddies rather than clarifies the theory of deception as already elegantly advanced by Sir Francis Bacon, R. V. Jones, and Bill Harris and adopted by myself. Originally presented as a paper in 1999. At that time Shulsky was with the RAND Corporation. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Channels/
Schmitt & Shulsky (1999)
Shultz Jr., Richard H. (1947- ) ii The Secret War Against Hanoi: Kennedy's and Johnson's Use of Spies, Saboteurs, and Covert Warriors in North Vietnam. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1999, xvii+408pp. The author was an Associate Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, and editor of the short-lived Intelligence, Communication, and Deception quarterly in 2001-2002. FIELDS: 2-Stars/HUMINT/
________, and Roy Godson (1942- ) ii Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy. Washington, DC: Pergamon-Brasseys, 1984, 211pp. LOC: BW. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Vol.28, No.4 (Winter 1984). REV: Rocca & Dziak (1985), 111, rates this authoritative. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Deception/Russia/
Godson (1995)
Shultz, Thomas R. ii A Cognitive-Developmental Analysis of Humour, in Chapman & Foot (1976/1996), 11-36. Professor Tom Shultz, a specialist in child psychology and a pioneer in computational developmental psychology, is a Professor of Psychology and Computer Science at McGill University, Canada. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Shur, Gerald (1933- ) SEE: Earley & Shur (2002) Shusta, Robert M, Deena R, Levine, Philip R. Harris (1926- ), Herbert Z. Wong i Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society. Second Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002, xviii+455pp. LOC: Pacific Beach PL. A practical introductory textbook. Covers American minorities from five different cultural backgrounds: Asian-Pacific, African, Latino-Hispanic, Arab, and Amerindians. Much on the problem of so-called racial profiling. The first edition had appeared in 1995. The authors combine impressive talents. Shusta is a retired police captain; Levine is a consultant specialized in cross-cultural communications and author of Beyond Language: Cross-Cultural Communication (1982); Dr. Harris of Harris International Ltd in La Jolla is a management psychologist in criminal justice and crosscultural studies and author of Managing Cultural Differences (5th edition, 2000); and Dr. Wong is an industrial/organizational psychologist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Profiling/Cultures/
Shuy, Roger W. (1931- ) iii The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998, 205pp. LOC: BW; FBI Academy; U of Toronto. A linguistic analysis of the subject. See also Ekman (1985), Inbau (1986), Gudjonsson (1992), and Walters (1996). Dr. Shuy (1962 PhD in English & Linguistics from Case) taught linguistics at Georgetown 1967-98. He founded his linguistics consultantship (Roger W. Shuy, Inc., in Missoula, Missouri) in 1982. FIELDS: 3-Star/Interrogation/
Shvets, Yuri B. (ca.1952- ) ii Washington Station: My Life as a KGB Spy in America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994, 298pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. Shvets was in the KGB from 1980 until, as a major, he was allowed to resign in 1990. Moved to the USA in 1993. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Biography/
Sidis, Boris (1868-1923) The Psychology of Laughter. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1913, ix+300pp. An idiosyncratic early study of laughter by an interesting Russian-born American psychiatrist. See also Provine (2000). FIELDS: 0-Star/Humor/
Siegel, Jay A. (editor-in-chief), and Pekka J. Saukko, Geoffrey C. Knupfer (editors) Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000, 3 vols., 2000, xxxviii+1,440pp. LOC: Although moderately common, generally only available in librarys non-circulating reference sections. Not seen. See also Lane (1992), Conklin (2002), and Bell (2004). FIELDS: ?-Star/Forensics/
Sifakis, Carl i Hoaxes and Scams: A Compendium of Deceptions, Ruses and Swindles. New York: Facts on File, 1993, 308pp. Formatted neatly as an A-to-Z encyclopedia. A high error rate and negligible documentation makes this an unsatisfactory reference work. See instead Stein (1993), Lindskoog (1993), Yapp (1992), and Newnham (1991). Sifakis is an American crime reporter and freelance crime writer. FIELDS: 1-Star/Hoax/
Frauds, Deceptions and Swindles. New York: Checkmark Books/Facts on File, 2001, ix+208pp. LOC: Sacramento PL. An A-Z encyclopedia patched together and condensed from a combination of Sifakis (1993) and The Encyclopedia of American Crime (2000) plus a new but perfunctory, irrelevant, & worthless Introduction. FIELDS: 0-Star/Fraud/
Siljander, Raymond P., and Darin D. Fredrickson ii Fundamentals of Physical Surveillance: A Guide for Uniformed and Plainclothed Personnel. Second Edition, Springfield, Ill: Charles C.Thomas Publisher, Ltd., 2002, xxv+342pp. Foreword by Harold L. Hurtt. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento. A basic textbook. Particularly useful because it focuses on eyeballing and tailing techniques unlike almost all the more recent books, which bog themselves down in the details of high-tech surveillance gadgetry. The similarly 2-star first edition had appeared in 1977. See also ACM IV Security Services (1993 & 1994). Siljander, among other activities, had been a private undercover investigator. Fredrickson entered law enforcement in 1991, becoming a detective in the Phoenix Police Department. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surveillance/
i Terrorist Attacks: A Protective Service Guide for Executives, Bodyguards and Policemen. 2nd edition, Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd., 2001, xvii+308pp. Forewords by Brigadier General Paul Roos and John Welsh. A competent but unimaginative manual for professionals. The first edition had appeared in 1980. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 1-Star/Terrorism/Business/Police/
Fredrickson & Siljander (2002 & 2004)
Silverstone, Howard, [and] Howard R. Davia (1947-dead by 2005) iii Fraud 101: Techniques and Strategies for Detection. 2nd edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005, 254pp. LOC: Colorado State U. A better than usual text on forensic accounting for fraud examiners. The 1st edition, by Davia writing alone, appeared in 2000. See also Bologna & Lindquist (1995). Both authors were American CPAs. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Fraud/ CLASSES: 603/
Sim, Karl F[edor] (1923- ), and Tim Wilson (1965- ) ii Good as Goldie: The amazing story of New Zealands most famous art forger. Auckland, NZ: Hodder Moa Beckett, 2003, 144pp. LOC: Congress. Autobiography. Sim operated successfully from 1967 until 1985 forging paintings of about a dozen famous artists from Velasquez, Degas, and Constable (he was hard to do) through some four dozen lesser painters like New Zealands own Charles Frederick Goldie (1870-1947), which reached a record auction price of $590,000 in 2004 for a Maori portrait (and it wasnt even on velvet). FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/Biography/
Simkin, M[ikhail] V., and V[wani] P[rasad] Roychowdhury iii Read before you cite!, Complex Systems, Vol.14 (2003), 269-274. LOC: http://xxx.lani.gov/abs/cond-mat/0212043). A clever statistical model that tracks typographical errors from their original occurrence in scientific papers through their later citations. This procedure detects those papers that have evidently been later copied without reading by the new researchers. Analysis showed that of the 196 misprinted citations studied, an astonishing 77% of the new authors had failed to correct the typos, suggesting that they had probably not even bothered to read the original works cited. A popularized report on this paper appeared in New Scientist (14 Dec 2002). The authors are electrical engineers at UCLA. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Documents/Methodology/
ii Copied citations create renowned papers? Unpublished. Internet: 8 May 2003. Extending their above research, the authors statistics showed that because many papers get cited at random, chance alone rather than genius can explain why some papers get cited much more than others. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
iii Stochastic modeling of citation slips, Internet 27 Jan 2004. Using their above model conclude that about 70-90% of scientific citations are copied from the lists of references used in other papers. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Documents/Statistics/
Simmel, Georg (1858-1918) Soziologie. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1908, 782pp. iii Partial English translation in Kurt H. Wolf, The Sociology of Georg Simmel (Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Fress, 1950). LOC: La Sierra College (Calif.). Classic text by pioneer German sociologist. For his pioneering Small World-type theories of dyads & triads see pp.118-169. Useful background in Freeman (2004), 15-16, etc. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/Networks/Sociology/ Krackhardt (1998 & 1999)
Simmons, Gustavus J. (1930- ) iiii A Survey of Information Authentication, in Gustavus J. Simmons (editor), Contemporary Cryptology: The Science of Information Integrity (Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1992), 379-419. LOC: NPS. Dr. Gus Simmons (PhD in math from the University of New Mexico) is widely accepted in cryptological circles as the Father of Authentication on messages, which he annunciated as early as 1983. At the time of this recent paper he was still working at the Sandia National Laboratories. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Cryptology/Verification/
Simon, Herbert A. (1916-2001) iiii The Information Processing Explanation of Gestalt Phenomena, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.2, No.4 (1986), 241-255. LOC: BW (copy). A landmark study in artificial intelligence (AI). Proposed that human intuition, insight, and understanding may in large part be explained by pattern recognition and that a few computer programs already simulate these kinds of behaviors. A partial critique is in De Groot & Gobet (1996). See also Turing (1950) and Perkins (1981 & 2000).
Dr. Simon (1943 Chicago PhD in Political Science) received the 1968 Nobel Prize in Economics. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Computers/Intuition/
________, William G. Chase iii Skill in Chess, American Scientist, Vol.61 (1973), 394-403. LOC: BW (copy). A classic study extending the fine work of De Groot (1965). See also Abernathy & Hamm (1995), 85, 88. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Games/Experts/
Langley, Simon, Bradshaw, & Zytkow (1987) Gigerenzer & Selten (2001)
Simons, Anna iii Seeing the Enemy (or Not), in McIvor (2005), 323-344. LOC: BW. Stresses the importance of cross-cultural assessments in military confrontations between different cultures. Dr. Simons (Harvard PhD in Anthropology) in an Associate Professor in the Defense Analysis Department of the Naval Postgraduate School. FIELDS: 3-Star/Cultures/Terrorism/
Simonton, Dean Keith (1948- ) iii Origins of Genius: Darwinian Perspectives on Creativity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, x+248pp. LOC: BW. Dr. Simonton is a psychology professor at UC-Davis and a bit of a genius himself. This latter quality is shown by his ability to understand what hes trying to say so well that he not only states it straight out but without the tiresome and seldom necessary crutches of jargon. See also Koestler (1964), Boden (1990), and Eysenck (1995). Dr. Simonton (1975 Harvard PhD in Social Psychology) has taught at UC-Davis since 1976. His memoir is in Sternberg (2003), 238-254. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Creativity/Evolution/
Simpson, Christopher iii Science of Coercion: Communication Research and Psychological Warfare, 1945-1960. New York: Oxford University Press, viii+204pp. LOC: BW3; NPS. A detailed history of CIA and Pentagon-sponsored academic research on communications, including psychological warfare. Simpsons history is generally accurate; but, judging from my own direct 11-year involvement from 1958 at two of his targets, SORO and CIS (what he calls CENIS), his sinister tone is at best arguable and, I believe, wide of the mark. I particularly deplore his quiet, unqualified, but unrelenting assumption of guilt-by-association. We were all part of the network he describes but that
doesnt mean we were all part of some vast conspiracy. This smacks of unsavory McCarthyism-from-the-Left at its worse. Simpson was Associate Professor of Communication at the American University, Washington, DC. FIELDS: 3-Star/PSYOPS/
Simpson, Colin (1931- ) iii Artful Partners: Bernard Berenson and Joseph Duveen. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986, 323pp. LOC: BW. British edition as The Secret Partnership of Bernard Berenson and Joseph Duveen. London: The Bodley Head, 1987. Also in PB. Documents a secret collusion between the early 20th centurys most eminent art critic (Berenson) and its most successful art dealer (Duveen). This is a controversial conclusion because, while everyone knew businessman Baron Duveen was a crook, all wanted to believe the esthetic Berenson stood above such grubby dishonesty. Nevertheless I believe Simpsons story is right because it fits an earlier pattern of gross unscrupulousness on BBs part (plagiarizing Morelli) that I unearthed. See also Secrest (2004). Simpson is an ex-journalist and non-fiction writer. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/Biography/
Simpson, Professor Keith (1907-1985) iii Forty Years of Murder: An Autobiography. London: George G. Harrap & Co., 1978, 328pp. Also in reprints and PB. LOC: BW. Memoirs of a leading English pathologist. His classic textbook on the subject is Forensic Medicine, first published in 1947 (3rd ed 1958). As Guy Bailey also published The Fatal Chance: Twelve Cases from the Notebook of a Crime Pathologist (London: Peter Davies, 1969), each of which solutions relied to a significant degree on pure chance. FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/Biography/
Singer, Wolf (1943- ) iii The Misperception of Reality, in Ebert-Schifferer (2002), 40-51. A well-informed and highly readable summary of the evolutionary building of our perceptual mechanisms that enable us to detect a large range of visual illusions. Prof. Dr. Singer is a German neuro-scientist at the Max Planck Institute in Frankfurt. FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/
Singh, Simon iii The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography. New York: Anchor Books, 2002, 432pp. The clearest and most up-to-date introductory text. Originally published in Britain in 1999. See also Kahn (1967/1996).
Dr. Singh (1990 Cambridge PhD in particle physics) is a science journalist and magic buff. CLASSES: FIELDS: Six Degrees of Separation SEE: Guare (1990) Skeptical Inquirer, The iiiii Buffalo, NY: Vol.1, No.1 (Fall/Winter 1976) - Vol.29, No.1 (Jan-Feb 2005) - in progress. Official journal of the Committee for the Scientific Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP). CSICOP's 58 distinguished Fellows include the following amateur or professional magicians or mentalists: Martin Gardner, Henry Gordon, Ray Hyman, James Randi (until resigned in 1991), and Robert Steiner. Successor to The Zetetic. Circulation: 35,000 (since 1989). The leading journal in its field. Has high scores for exposure of psychic and other paranormal fraud. Carl Sagan called this periodical cheerful, irreverent, instructive and often very funny. Nearly every article in each issue involves detection in some form. Its also a powerful counterdeception laxative for the misinformation too often purveyed by American TV and all popular journals of parapsychology. For a sampling of its deception-relevant articles see Gardner (1985, 1991), Hyman (1989), Flynn (1993), Haack (1997), Shearer (1999), Guttman (2004), and Ruscio (2005). REF: Martin Gardner, Order and Surprise (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1983), 211216. FIELDS: 5-Star/Science/Counterdeception/Psi/Fraud/Periodicals/ 603/ 3-Star/Cryptology/
Slater, Maya (1941- ) ii The Craft of La Fontaine. London: Athlone Press, 2000, xiii+255pp. Intelligent analysis of how French poet-satirist Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695) conjured with words. A useful introduction to how all poets manipulate incongruities. Dr. Slater, a specialist in French literature, took her D. Phil. from Oxford in 1969 for her thesis on "The Humour in the Works of Marcel Proust." FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/
Slavick, Joseph P. (1964- ) iii The Cruise of the German Raider Atlantis. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003, xv+260pp. LOC: Mid-Continent PL (Gladstone, MO). On the German navys most successful merchant raiders in WW II. Highly recommended by Frank Stech for its focus on the interplay of deception & counterdeception. See also Beesly (1982) and Bridgland (1999). Captain (USAF) Slavick spent 20 years as an enlisted security policeman and then another 10 as a personnel officer. FIELDS: Sleuth SEE: Shaffer (1970)
3-Star/Deception/Counterdeception/
Sloane, N. J. A. (1939- ), and Aaron D. Wyner (editors) iiii Claude Elwood Shannon: Collected Papers. New York: IEEE Press, 1993, xliv+924pp. LOC: NPS. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 4-Star/Communications/Cryptology/Biography/
Shannon (1948)
Sloane, Paul (1950- ) iii Test Your Lateral Thinking IQ. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., 1994, 94pp. LOC: BW. Playful but serious. The best possible introduction to the theory of lateral thinking, as Dr. Edward De Bono had coined it. Although the fourth in Sloanes nine titles (from 1991 to 1999) on this subject, this is by far the best because of its background explanations of the why and how of lateral thinking. Except for the 1st and 4th titles, the others were coauthored with Irish mathematician Des MacHale. See also De Bono (1968). Sloane, a Scot, is a computer scientist in England. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/
Slyter, Steven A. iii Forensic Signature Examination. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1995, xiii+117pp. LOC: U of South Florida. A deservedly standard textbook on authentication of handwritten signatures. Author Slyter had begun studying the subject in 1970 and since 1973 has been a recognized expert questioned document examiner. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Documents/
Smith, David Livingstone (1953- ) iii Why We Lie: The Evolutionary Roots of Deception and the Unconscious Mind. New York: St. Martins Press, 2004, ix+238pp. LOC: BW; FBI Academy; Stanford. Watsonville PL. A sociobiological analysis of deception and self-deception. Dr. Smith is a professor of philosophy at the University of New England. FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/Self-deception/Evolution/
Smith, Gavin D. ii The Secret Still: Scotlands Clandestine Whisky Makers. Edinburgh, Birlinn, 2002, viii+187pp. LOC: Congress. On hiders and seekers in Scotland where illegal distillers routinely outwitted the English governments excisemen. There the American moonshine and Irish poitin becomes the Scots peatreek. Smith, a freelance journalist and resident of Perth, Scotland, is a renowned authority on Scotch whisky. FIELDS: 2-Star/Camouflage/
ii The Scottish Smuggler. Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2003, viii+193pp. LOC: Lawrence PL (Kansas). All you need to know (and more) about smuggling (mainly of whisky) in Scotland . FIELDS: 2-Star/Smuggling/
Smith, H. Allen (1906-1976) i The Complete Practical Joker. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1953, 320pp; London: Arthur Barker, 1954, 320pp. LOC: UC; Oxford. Revised edition, New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1980, 324pp. LOC: San Diego PL. A widely cited classic. An American journalist and humorists best-selling compendium of pranks. Smiths 1980 revision adds a chapter on April Fools Day and another giving more recent examples. Deliberately omits theorizing, for which see Jones (1957) and Moss (1977). See also Troy (1983) and Jenkins (2000). FIELDS: 1-Star/Hoax/ Smith, Judith G. (1941- ), and Wen C. Fong (1930- ) (editors) iii Issues of Authenticity in Chinese Painting. New York: Department of Asian Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, 317pp. LOC: Getty; Oxford. Twelve papers issued in conjunction with the same-titled international symposium held on 11 Dec 1999 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/China/
Smith, Michael SEE: Erskine & Smith (2001) Smith, Nicky ii Reading between the Lines: An evaluation of the Scientific Content Analysis technique (SCAN). London: Home Office, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, 2001, xi+42pp. Published as Police Research Series Paper 135". LOC: BW (copy); Stanford. Finds that SCAN works to some degree but only with police fully trained in its use. See also Shearer (1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Methodology/
________, and Conor Flanagan iii The Effective Detective: Identifying the skills of an effective SIO. London: Home Office, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, 2000, x+56pp. Published as Police Research Paper 122". LOC: BW (copy). Interviews with 40 officers from 10 criminal investigation division CID units throughout Britain to discover which skills, abilities, and personal characteristics a senior investigating officer (SIO) ought to be effective in investigating low-volume serious crimes such as murder, abduction, and stranger rape. Concludes that over-all competency in 22 core skills that fall within three clusters (investigative ability, knowledge levels, and management skills) is required for consistently successful performance. Thus, this remarkably well-designed study independently reached the
same conclusion (the need for over-all competency) of Fredric Feers unpublished RAND study of 1987 that sought to discover what made an effective US Army battalion commander. The bottom line: The research revealed that the effective SIO is dependent upon a combination of management skill, investigative ability and relevant knowledge across the entire investigative process, from initial crime scene assessment through the post-charge case management. See also Rotte & Schmidt (2000). The authors were members of the Home Office Policing and Reducing Crime Unit. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/Police/Logic/
Smith, Patterson ii The Literature of Fraud and Swindling, AB Bookmans Weekly, 28 Apr 1997. LOC: BW (copy). A professional book dealer-collectors informed survey of con artistry. See also Gibson (1927), Van Cise (1936), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Maurer (1955), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Carey & Sherman (1976), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Whitlock (1997), Abagnale (2000), and Marlock (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Con/Fraud/
Smith, Paul H. Reading the Enemys Mind: Inside Star GateAmericas Psychic Espionage Program. New York: A Tom Dougherty Associates Book, 2005, 507pp. Foreword by Jack Anderson. LOC: NPS. An insiders account of the US Department of Defenses experiments in remote viewing. These projects began in 1972 when the DOD linked up with Stanford Research Institutes paranormal research and continued until 1995 when closed down. This book is at least better than the usual enthusiastic books and articles on psychic detectives and psychic spies such as Jim Schnabel, Remote Viewers: The Secret History of Americas Psychic Spies (NY: Dell: 1997). Major Smith (USA, Retired) had himself spent 7 years with the DODs psychic espionage project as unit historian, security officer, trainer, theory instructor, and remote viewer. At the time of writing this book he had a vested interest in selling both the book and his services as President of Remote Viewing Instructural Services, Inc. FIELDS: 0-Star/HUMINT/Psi/
Smith, Sydney (1771-1845) ii Edgeworths Essay on Irish Bulls, The Edinburgh Review, Issue 2 (Jul 1803), 398-402. LOC: BW (copy); Carleton College. Reprinted in The Works of the Rev. Sydney Smith (London: Longmans ,Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1869), 75-78. LOC: College of St. Rose (Albany). On the Irish bull as a form of humor. Written in reply to Edgeworth & Edgeworth (1802). FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Ireland/
Smith, Sir Sydney (1883-1969) ii Mostly Murder. London: Harrap, 1959, 318pp. Foreword by Lord Cameron. US edition, New York: 1959, 318pp. Foreword by Erle Stanley Gardner. Reissued, New York: Dorset Press, 1973, 318pp. Foreword by Professor Keith Simpson. LOC: BW. Memoirs of the famous pioneering New Zealand-born British criminologist whose textbook, Forensic Medicine (1925), became a classic, going through ten editions by 1955. See also Glaister (1964). FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/
Snow, Clyde C. (1928- ) SEE UNDER: Joyce & Stover (1991) Snow, John (1813-1858) SEE: Vinten-Johansen (2003) Sderman, Harry (1902-1956) ii Policemans Lot: A Criminologists Gallery of Friends and Felons. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1956, 388pp; London: Longmans, Green, 1957, 388pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. German translation as Auf der Spur der Verbrechens [On the Trail of Crime]. Cologne: 1957. Memoirs of the most famous Swedish criminologist. At age 24, beginning in 1926 and continuing to late 1928, he apprenticed in Lyon, France, under Locard, who called him the most brilliant of all my students. During that time Locard assigned him to the scientific committee that investigated the alleged Ice Age artifacts from Glozel in 1928. Dr. Sderman went on to become the founding Director of the Swedish National Institute of Technical Police from 1939 until retired in 1953. These memoirs end in 1946 at the point where the author had co-founded Interpol. Planned follow-on memoirs were interrupted by his death. Three good biographical articles are collected and reprinted on the Internet as The Fantastic Life of Harry Sderman (2002, 21pp). FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/
________, and John J[oseph] OConnell (1884-1946) ii Modern Criminal Investigation. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1935, xvi+461pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. During a study year in New York City in 1934-35 Dr. Sderman collaborated on this textbook with OConnell, the then NYPD Deputy Chief Inspector and Dean of The Police Academy. This book soon became a deservedly standard work that had its 6th and last edition in 1962 at 559pp. Although obviously dated on many details, it is still a clearer and more comprehensive introduction to the subject than most modern textbooks. FIELDS: 2-Star/Police/
Sokal, Alan (1955- ), and Jean Bricmont Impostures Intellectuelles. Paris: ditions Odile Jacob, 1997. ii American edition as Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals Abuse of Science. New York: Picador USA, 1998, xiv+300pp. British edition as Intellectual Impostures. London: Profile Books, 1998. Two physicists mount a strong defense of science against the frivolous challenges of the Postmodernists. See also Haack (1997 & 2003), Koertge (1998), Brown (2001),
Weinberg (2001), Dawkins (2003), 47-53. A pox-on-your-house-too critique is Robin (2003), 19-21, 195-218. REV: Martin Gardner, Did Adam and Eve Have Navels? (New York: Norton, 2000), 144152. Delighted by Sokals hoax. FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/
Sokol, Maj. (USAF) Joseph, Jr. iii Counter-deception: The Commanders Responsibility. Newport, RI: Naval War College, 18 Jun 1993, v+29pp. LOC: BW (copy); Air U; Australian Defence Force Academy. A thought-provoking analysis that, while based mainly on Whaley (1982), Dewar (1989), and Handel (1985, etc), scores a valuable point or two of its own. Would profit from some professional editing. Joseph Sokol Jr, a Desert Storm combat pilot, was a USAF major in 1992-93 when he was a student at the Naval War College where he wrote this paper. He was promoted full colonel in 2001. CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 3-Star/Counterdeception/
Solomon, Solomon J[oseph] (1860-1927) iii Strategic Camouflage. London: John Murray, 1920, xii+62pp, illus, 32plates. LOC: BW3; UC; Stanford; Oxford; London Library. A study of German camouflage on the Western Front in the Great War. Strategic refers to the efforts of their camoufleurs to conceal large-scale installations from Allied aerial photography. Basically sound with two important exceptions. First, it wrongly concludes that the German Armys camouflage was both introduced and perfected prewar. Second, it substantially overestimated the size of areas covered to hide their troop concentrations. This landmark book offered, following Thayer (1896 & 1918), the second primitive theory of camouflage. Using the terms positive or negative camouflage, it introduced (p.54) to military theory the old two-part simulation-versus-dissimulation notion. And it also first made explicit the concept of strategic-versus-tactical camouflage (p.vi), indeed being the first time in print of the term strategic camouflage (p.vi). See also Bacon (1597), Hartcup (1979), and Stanley (1998). The British-Jewish author was a London-born portrait painter (reputedly the first to paint by electric light) and muralist. He was only the second Jewish member of the Royal Academy. Beginning in 1915 he was unsuccessful in pressing his own theory of camouflage with the British Military. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Camouflage/Military/
Sommer, Volker (1954- ) ii Lob der Lge: Tuschung und Selbstbetrug bei Tier und Mensch [Praise the Lie: Deception and Self-Deception among Animals and Men]. Munich: Verlag C. H. Beck, 1992, 240pp. LOC: U of Arizona. Italian translation as Elogie della Menzonga: per una storia naturale dellinganno. Turin: Bollati Beringhieri, 1999, 290pp. Translated by Piero Budinich. Dr. Sommer, a German primatologist, was Professor of Evolutionary Biology at University College (London). FIELDS: 2-Star/Lying/Self-deception/Zoology/
Sonnenburg, Hubert von (1928- ), Walter Liedtke, and others ii Rembrandt/Not Rembrandt in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Aspects of Connoisseurship, 2 vols. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1995, x+149pp, x+262pp, 413 illus. LOC: BW. Catalog of the Mets 1995 exhibition. Dr. Hubertus Falkner von Sonnenburg is a German and an art historian, Chairman since 1991 of the Mets Department of Paintings and Restoration, and author of Vol.1 (Paintings: Problems and Issues). Walter Liedtke was the Mets Curator in the Department of European Paintings and co-author of Vol.II (Paintings, Drawings, and Prints: Art-Historical Perspectives). FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/
Sontag, Sherry (1960- ), and Christopher Drew (1956- ) iii Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage. New York: Public Affairs, 1998, xvii+352pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW. A fairly accurate summary of undersea hide-and-seek during the Cold War. Particularly relevant are the two cases (Ch.3) where, after conventional search methods had failed, US Navy Chief Scientist Dr. John Craven used Bayesian analysis to pinpoint both the wayward Palomares H-bomb (in 1966) and the downed USN nuclear-attack submarine Scorpion (in 1968). See also Craven (2001). The authors are American investigative journalists. REV: William Carpenter in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.12, No.2 (1999), 236-241. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/INTEL/Statistics/
Sorokin, Pitirim A. (1889-1968) ii Fads and Foibles in Modern Sociology and Related Sciences. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1956, viii+357pp. This book shows the crusty old Russian sociologists deepest critical reservations about the social sciences to be thoroughly opinionated, testy, blunt, rude, and, aside from a tendency to exaggerate, mainly right. See also Merton (1973). Prof. Sorokin was the first sociologist at the University of Petrograd (1919-22) and founded the sociology department at Harvard (1930). FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Sociology/
Sox, David (1936- ) iii Unmasking the Forger: The Dossena Deception. London: Unwin Hyman, 1987, xii+195pp; New York: Universe Books, 1987, xii+195pp. The most detailed study of the forged sculptures in stone and terracotta of Alceo Dossena (1878-1937). A follow-up is David Sox, The Dossena Deception Continues, Apollo, Vol. 131 (1990), 158-164. Sox was an American Episcopal priest working in London. Also known for his earlier (1981) study of the Shroud of Turin. FIELDS: 3-Star/Sculpture/Biography/
Sparrow, Malcolm K. iiii Network Vulnerabilities and Strategic Intelligence in Law Enforcement, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.5, No.3 (Fall 1991). 255-274. LOC: NPS. A fine explanation of the theory of how to apply network analysis to detective vulnerabilities leading to the identification, targeting, and possible apprehension of individuals connected to organized criminal and terrorist organizations, domestic and international. Dr. Sparrow (MA in math from Cambridge & PhD in applied math from Kent U in Canterbury) was a Lecturer (now Professor) in Harvards School of Government. He came to American as a 10-year veteran with the British police, having risen to the rank of Detective Chief Inspector. FIELDS: 4-Star/Networks/Terrorists/
Specter, Michael ii Do Fingerprints Lie?, The New Yorker, 27 May 2002. LOC: BW (offprint). A skeptical look at fingerprinting and fingerprint experts. Useful but incomplete summary. See also Faulds (1880 & 1905), Galton (1892), Henry (1900), Wilton (1938), Cole (2001), and Beavan (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/ID/
Spector, Jack J. (1925- ) ii The Method of Morelli and its Relation to Freudian Psychoanalysis, Diogenes, No.66 (Summer 1969), 63-83. LOC: BW (copy). Freud was impressed by the method of art analysis developed by Giovanni Morelli in the late 1800s and judged it closely related to the technique of psychoanalysis in its ability to devine secret and concealed things from unconsidered or unnoticed details.... See also Ginzburg (1980) and Shepherd (1985). Dr. Spector (PhD, Columbia U), an American art historian and psychologist, was then a Professor of Art History at Rutgers. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/Psychology/Methodology/
Speier, Hans (1905-1990) SEE: Goldhamer & Speier (1957)
Spence, Donald P. (1926- ) i Narrative Truth and Historical Truth: Meaning and Interpretation in Psychoanalysis. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1982, 320pp. A study that pointed out the tendency of psychoanalysts to avoid any reality-checking (the historical truth) of patients claims, a finding that the author had been working toward by at least as early as 1979. But here Spence goes on to claim that this was OK because all that really mattered therapeutically was the narrative truth. See also Ofshe & Watters (1994), 51-55. Dr. Spence (Columbia PhD in clinical psych) practiced as a psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychotherapy/Methodology/
iii The Rhetorical Voice of Psychoanalysis: Displacement of Evidence by Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994, 228pp. LOC: CalStateU-San Marcos. Further thoughts on the authors theory that psychoanalysts tend to let their rigid and unsubstantiated theories blind them (and their patients) to reality. Indeed his Introduction (pp.1-5) is the best brief accounting of why psychoanalysis is not scientific. But while Spence drops his previous books reliance on narrative truth he substitutes a much more open-ended search whereby he hopes psychoanalysis can at last become a real science by moving cautiously away from its tired rhetoric toward precise language. I doubt they are collectively capable of doing so and predict that those individuals who do so will be defrocked. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychotherapy/Rhetoric/
Spencer, Frank (1942- ) ii Piltdown: A Scientific forgery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990, 272pp. LOC: BW. A scholarly enquiry that names Arthur Keith as the secret co-hoaxer. Spencers book concludes the research begun by Ian Langham (died 1984). Compare Walsh (1996) and see also Weiner (1955). FIELDS: 2-Star/Anthropology/
Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903) iii The Physiology of Laughter, Macmillans Magazine, Vol.1 (1860), 395-402. Reprinted in Herbert Spencer, Essays, Vol.2 (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1892), 452-463. I cite this reprint. The noted English philosopher accepted the Incongruity Theory of humor. He was influential with Darwin. See also Provine (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Spencer, Ronald D. (editor) ii The Expert versus the Object: Judging Fakes and False Attributions in the Visual Arts. New York: Oxford University Press, Apr 2004, xviii+241pp. LOC: Columbia; California Baptist U; Oxford. A collection of 18 mostly useful articles by various experts. Spencer is a New York lawyer specialized in art law. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Speroni, Charles (1911-1984) ii Wit and Wisdom of the Italian Renaissance. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964, 317pp. LOC: NPS. Collected bits of Renaissance Italian humor. Important raw data for cross-cultural and across-time study of humor. Translated and with an Introduction by Dr. Speroni, a distinguished professor of Romance languages at UCLA. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Cultures/Italy/
Speyer, Wolfgang ii Die literarische Flschung im heichischen und christlichen Altertum; ein Versuch ihrer Deutung. Munich: C. H. Bechsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1971, xxiv+343pp. LOC: U of Oregon; Oxford; Trinity College (Dublin); Hebrew U of Jerusalem. A rich history of forgery of early Christian documents. Prof. Dr. Speyer, at Salzburg U in Austria, was a leading expert on the forgery of Mediterranean documents. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/
Spiel, Robert E., Jr. iii Art Theft and Forgery Investigation: The Complete Field Manual. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 2000, xvi+294pp. Also in PB. LOC: FBI Academy; Getty; Princeton; Cambridge. A solid textbook that draws on the authors wide reading and 25 years experience as a professional investigator. Particularly valuable are his parallel lists (on pp.91-95) of the art fakers methods and the detectives countermeasures for each. See also Esterow (1973), Adams (1976), McLeave (1981), and Dolnick (2005). Spiel took a Yale BA in art history and a Northwestern LL.D in law. Was an FBI Special Agent specializing in art theft & forgery until 1988 when he founded Robert E. Spiel Associates in Chicago. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: Training/ 3-Star/Art/Theft/ CLASSES: 603/
Spier, Jeffrey iii Blinded with science: the abuse of science in the detection of false antiquities, The Burlington Magazine, Vol.132, No.1050 (Sep 1990), 623-631. LOC: BW (copy); Internet-JSTOR. Deplores, and rightly so, the modern tendency of many experts and collectors to give far too much weight to scientific tests in particularly difficult cases. See also Muscarella (1990).
Spier, a specialist on antique jewelry and coins, was at University College (London). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Antiques/Experts/ CLASSES: 603/
________, and Jonathan Kagan ii Sir Charles Frederick and the forgery of ancient coins in eighteenth-century Rome, Journal of the History of Collections, Vol.12, No.1 (Oxford: 2000), 35-90. LOC: BW (copy). Analysis of letters and documents of Sir Charles Frederick (1709-1785) and other early English collectors of coins and antiquities and their Italian dealers. Casts new light on the work of forgers in Rome in the 1700s. FIELDS: 2-Star/Coins/Biography/
Spilsbury, Sir Bernard (1877-1947) SEE: Brown & Tullett (1951) Springer, Eliot, M.S. iii "Toolmark ExaminationsA Review of Its Development in the Literature," Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol.40, No.6 (Chicago: Nov 1995), 964-968. LOC: BW (copy); Florida International U. Stresses the persisting lack of generally agreed objective and therefore quantifiable characteristics needed to match a particular tool's markings to those found at the scene of a crime. This was the author's MS thesis from the University of Illinois. Springer is Head, Fingerprinting Development Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science (D.I.F.S.), Israeli National Police H.Q., Jerusalem. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Impressions/
Stafford, David iii Churchill and Secret Service. Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 1998, xiii+386pp. LOC: NPS. On Winston Churchill as an avid consumer of intelligence throughout his long military and political career. See also Churchill and Intelligence: His Early Life, in Robertson (1999), 151-168; and Andrew (1988). Dr. Stafford (PhD London University), a former British diplomat, is an historian of intelligence at the University of Edinburgh. REV: Thomas F. Troy in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.11, No.4 (Winter 1998-1999), 495-498. Highly favorable. Troy (p.497) rightly calls Churchill the most intelligence-oriented statesman of modern times. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL-consumer/Biography/
Stanley, Roy M., II (1936- ) iii To Fool a Glass Eye: Camouflage versus Photoreconnaissance in World War II. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998, 192pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Stanford; U of Hong Kong. A comprehensive study. Recommended by magician Jeff Busby for its inferential application to the detection of deception in general.
On aerial recon see also Babington Smith (1957), Reit (1978), Nesbit (1996), Day & Logsdon (1998), and, best of all, Brugioni (1999). Col. Stanley had been a USAF and DIA photo interpreter since the Vietnam War. FIELDS: 3-Star/IMINT/Camouflage/
Stanley, Zell iii An Annotated Bibliography of the Open Literature on Deception. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, December 1985, 129pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Air U; Marine Corps U; Internet. A detailed bibliography in 12 sections plus an author index. Drawing freely from Harris (1968), covers all aspects of deception in all fields that practice it. Her section on Countering Deception (pp.29-38) lists 78 items. Now partly superceded by Clark (2005). This study was sponsored by the Director of Net Assessment (Andrew Marshall). Ms. Stanley was a researcher in RANDs Santa Monica office at that time. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Counterdeception/Bibliography/
Stanley-Baker, Joan iii Old Masters Repainted: Wu Zhen (1280-1354): Prime Objects and Accretions. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1995, xxii+536pp. LOC: U of Oregon. A fine study in which the author deploys her own three-part analytical method for authenticating Chinese paintings: 1) establish the period of conception or the artists personal style; 2) assess the artists brushwork energy; and 3) compare with Japanese data bases provided by historical Chinese collections in Japan. Lavishly illustrated. Dr. Stanley-Baker (PhD, Oxford, 1986), a distinguished scholar of Chinese and Japanese art, began this book in 1980 on her first stay in Taiwan, continued it as a major part of her doctoral dissertation at Oxford, and completed it while based at the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan. FIELDS: 3-Star/Painting/China/
Stanton, George Defense Against Communist Interrogation Organizations, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.13, No.4 (Fall 1969), 49-74. iii Reprinted in Westerfield (1995), 415-436. Focuses on the pre-interrogation phase. Much sound practical advice from a CIA expert. FIELDS: 3-Star/Interrogation/
Stashower, Daniel (1960- ) i Teller of Tales: The Life of Arthur Conan Doyle. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999, 472pp. A better bio than Martin Booths 1997 effort but grossly misunderstands that Doyle really did hit the bulls eye in solving the Edalji case, misses the Selbit sance entirely, and dodges whether the last Holmes Casebook stories were ghosted. See also Doyle (1924), Carr (1949), Baring-Gould (1968), Liebow (1982), and Shepherd (1985). The author is an American semi-pro magician whod already published two novels about conjuring. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psi/Biography/
Stech, Frank J. (1946- ) iii "Political and Military Intention Estimation: A Taxonometric AnalysisFinal Report". Bethesda, MD: Mathtech, Inc., November 1979, 394pp. LOC: BW. A study for the Office of Naval Research. Dr. Stech, then a psychologist with Mathtech, has written other papers of substantial relevance to counterdeception but most are either unpublished or classified. Col. Stech (USAR) retired in 2002 as a 30-year reserve military intelligence officer. He is now with MITRE Corporation in Washington, DC. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/Logic/
ii Self-Deception: The Other Side of the Coin, The Washington Quarterly, Vol.3, No.3 (Summer1980), 130-140. LOC: BW (offprint) A fine critique of Wohlstetter (1979). FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Self-deception/
iii Observations on Strategic Deception and Counterdeception. No place, no date but in or soon after 1980, 18 unnumbered pages. LOC: BW. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Counterdeception/
ii Winning CNN Wars, Parameters, Vol.24, No.3 (Autumn 1994), 37-56. LOC: BW; http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/1994/stech.htm. Written while Dr. Stech (Lt. Col. USAR) was a Research Fellow at the U.S. Army War College. FIELDS: 2-Star/PSYOPS/Media/
________, and Christopher Elssser iiiii Midway Revisited: Detecting Deception by Analysis of Competing Hypothesis. A 26page paper presented by Stech at the 72nd MORS Symposium, Naval Postgraduate School, 24 Jun 2004. Arguably one of the three most promising papers on counterdeception to appear in the past two or three decades. An extension and elaboration of Heuers ACH model (1999), their ACH-CD (counterdeception) model may well prove the most effective tool for preserving and analyzing alternative hypotheses in the face of those cognitive blocks and distractions summarized by Robert Jervis (1976 & 1968); Richards Heuer (1999), pp.111-171; Pfaltzgraff & Sawicki (2002), and others. Dr. Elsaeser (PhD, Carnegie Mellon University), a computer scientist and statistician, is Principal Engineer in the AI Center at MITRE. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/Training/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Counterdeception/Military/Japan/USA/ 600/603/
Steele, J. Michael iii Models for Managing Secrets, Management Science, Vol.35, No.2 (Feb 1989), 240-248. LOC: BW (copy). Mathematical models for measuring the speed at which secrets leak from groups under
specific circumstances to outsiders plus methods, particularly disinformation, for slowing that process. Highly relevant to the Small World problem. See also Karger (1987). Dr. Steele (1975 Stanford PhD) was then a statistician in operations research at Princeton; thence (since 1990) a distinguished professor of statistics at U. Penn's Wharton School of Business Administration. FIELDS: 3-Star/HUMINT/Networks/
Steele, Lisa J. ii The Defense Challenge to Fingerprints, Criminal Law Bulletin, Vol.40, No.3 (2004), 213240. LOC: BW (copy). The best summary that identifies and describes the several weak points in fingerprint evidence. She lists 6 things to be challenged: 1) Evidence (chain of custody, etc.). 2) Witness (training, experience, certification). 3) Science (Daubert notions, subjectivity, etc.). 4) Methodology (Daubert challenge, overly suggestive, etc.). 5) Opinion (defense expert). 6) Legitimate access (fingerprint was in common location, etc). Steele (1991 JD, Western New England College) is an American defense lawyer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fingerprints/Law/
Steele, Robert David (1952- ) ii On Intelligence: Spies and Secrecy in an Open World. Oakton, VA: AFCEA International Press, 2000, xi+495pp. Foreword by Senator David L. Boren (D-OK). LOC: NPS (2001 OSS edition). Advocates that information technology be more aggressively applied to the automation of research, document translation, and integration of all-source data streams. One would conclude from reading Steele that the US Intel community bureaucracy never gets anything right. I wouldnt go quite that far. Eccentric but scores a few points. The author, a 25-year veteran of the US intel community from USMC tactical to the CIA, is a controversial advocate of open-source intel. Now founder and President of Open Source Solutions, Inc. REV: Frederick L. Wettering in Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.16, No.3 (Fall 2003), 506-510. FIELDS: 2-Star/OSINT/HUMINT/
i The New Craft of Intelligence: Personal, Public, & Political; Citizens Action Handbook for Fighting Terrorism, Genocide, Disease, Toxic Bombs, & Corruption. Oakton, VA: OSS International Press, 2002, xviii+437. Foreword by Senator Pat Roberts (R-KS). LOC: NPS. More of the same. Read at peril but can stimulate some fresh thinking about open source intelligence (OSINT). FIELDS: 1-Star/OSINT/Terrorism/
Stefik, Mark, and Barbara Stefik iii Breakthrough: Stories and Strategies of Radical Innovation. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2004, xiii+294pp. LOC: NPS. An important collection of case studies of creativity. Mark Stefik saw innovation close up during his work since 1980 as a technologist at Xeroxs Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), which provides nearly half of his examples. Dr. Barbara Stefic has her PhD in transpersonal psychology. FIELDS: 3-Star/Creativity/
Stein, Anne-Marie, as told to George Carpozi, Jr. (1920- ) i Three Picassos before Breakfast: Memoirs of an Art Forgers Wife. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1973, 192pp. Fascinating but unreliable behind-the-scenes view of art forgery. Mrs. David Stein, a Polish law student in France in 1964 when she met her common-law husband, tells all she knows about hubby, his painterly techniques, and con mans M.O. Unfortunately she is unable to be as specific as Id hoped. And her co-author, an American freelance journalist, didnt bother to research some of these biographical gaps or verify such discrepant details as Steins real name and place of birth, for which correctives see Goodrich (1973), 35-55. FIELDS: 1-Star/Painting/Biography/
Stein, David (1935- ) SEE: Stein & Carpozi (1973) Stein, Gordon iiii Encyclopedia of Hoaxes. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1993, xxi+347pp. Foreword by Martin Gardner. LOC: Stanford; Carlsbad City PL. Strong grounding in theory. A comprehensive listing of all kinds of hoaxes. Quite the best of the following lot: Lindskoog (1993), which is a strong second-best; Newnham (1991), third; MacDougall (1940), the classic; followed by Moss (1977); Boese (2002); Fuld (1999); Randi (1995); Roberts (1982); and at the bottom Boese (2002), Stein (1995), Klein (1955), and Sifakis (1993). Dr. Stein (Ohio State U PhD in physiology) based this book mainly on his hobby collection of cases plus articles contributed by six experts and scattered input from several others. FIELDS: 4-Star/Hoax/
________, & Marie J. MacNee Hoaxes! Dupes, Dodges & Other Dastardly Deceptions. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1995, xiv+225pp. LOC: Mesa PL. A gutting of the above fine encyclopedia, presumably to reach a wider audience. If so, this is dumbing-down at its worst. FIELDS: 0-Star/Hoax/
Stein, Janice Gross iii Military Deception, Strategic Surprise, and Conventional Deterrence: A Political Analysis of Egypt and Israel, 1971-73, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.5, No.1 (March 1982), 94121. LOC: BW; NPS. Although presented in the context of a single case study, Stein gives finely nuanced general theoretical analysis of surprise-through-deception that goes far beyond Wohlstetter (Betts (1981) and Handel (1976) and nicely supplements Whaley (1969 & 1982). Also highly regarded by Hybel (1983). I would fault her only for her acquiescing in Roberta Wohlstetters tired pessimistic only-in-hindsight myth of predictive analysis when Stein concluded that It was impossible, of course, for intelligence officials in Israel to distinguish a priori between disinformation and valid information (p.114 & also 96, 112). Dr. Stein, a specialist on the Middle East was then an associate professor of political science at McGill and, later, since 1996, at the University of Toronto. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Surprise/Deterrence/
Stein, Morris I. (1921- ) i Creativity, in E. F. Borgatta and W. W. Lambert (editors), Handbook of Personality Theory and Research (Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1968), 900-942. A handy summary of social-psych research on the subject from 1870 (Galton) to 1964. See also Koestler (1964), Arieti (1976), Eysenck (1995), and Simonton (1999). Author was in OSS in WW II and later a professor of psychology at New York University. FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/
Steinmeyer, Jim (1958- ) iiii Device and Illusion: A Book of Routines for Modern Stage Conjurers. Burbank, CA: Hahne, 1991, 134pp. LOC: BW. Steinmeyer, a prolific inventor of stage magic, has one of the most inventive minds in magic and also a deep theoretical understanding of the entire field. See also Tamariz (1988) and Busby (1998). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Magic/
ii Review of Mendez (1999) in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.46, No.1 (2002). LOC: BW (copy). On the relationship between conjuring deceptions and the role of disguise in espionage. FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/HUMINT/
iiiii Hiding the Elephant: How Magicians Invented the Impossible and Learned to Disappear. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2003, xxi+360pp. LOC: Monterey PL. An insightful history of stage conjuring technique up through Houdini. Also shows Jims fine application of retroductive (abductive) analysis in solving the old mystery of Morretts The Vanishing Donkey illusion. This type of analysis is crucially important to
all detectives (including counterdeception analysts) because it contradicts and largely disproves the influential and pessimistic theory of Roberta Wohlstetter that relevant signals cant be separated from noise except in hindsight. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 5-Star/Magic/Logic/ CLASSES: 600/
[Stephens, Lieutenant-Colonel R. W. G.] SEE: Hoare (2000) Stephenson, Sir William (1896-1989) SEE: Stevenson (1976 & 1983) Macdonald (2001) Steptoe, Andrew (editor) ii Genius and the Mind: Studies of Creativity and Temperament. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998,vi+274. Foreword by Roy Porter. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz; Oxford. A collection of 11 articles by 12 American and British authorities. Most relevant are David T. Lykkens The genetics of genius and Gordon Claridges Creativity and madness. Dr. Steptoe (DPhil) is a Professor of Psychology at St. Georges Hospital Medical School, London. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/
Sternberg, Robert J. (editor) i Psychologists Defying the Crowd: Stories of Those Who Battled the Establishment and Won. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2003, xiii+293pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. Revealing memoirs of 16 maverick psychologists, including several of the authors in this Bibliography Kagan, Loftus, McGuire, Neisser, Shepard, and Simonton. REV: Rense Lange in Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol.17, No.3 (2003), 556-558. Favorable. FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychology/Creativity/
Steury, Donald P. iii Intelligence in Recent Public Literature: Under the Wire, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.48, No.3 (2004). LOC: BW (copy); www.odci/studies/vol48no3/article09/html. In this keen review of Nickles (2003), Dr. Steury makes the explicit point that even such a dramatically new and influential communication channel as the telegraph wasnt enough to create an information revolutionany more, I suggest, than does the Internet. Dr.Steury has been a senior member of CIAs history staff since 1992. FIELDS: 3-Star/COMINT/
ii How the CIA Missed Stalins Bomb, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.49, No.1 (2005). LOC: www.odci.gov/studies/vol49no1/html. Admirable case-study in organizational self-criticism. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysis/
Stevens, Jennie A., and Henry S. Marsh ii Surprise and Deception in Soviet Military Thought, Military Review, Vol.67, Pt.I (Jun 1982), 1-11; Pt.II (Jul 1982), 24-35. LOC: BW (copy). Based on Soviet military writings this article examines Soviet views of the synergy between the concepts of surprise and deception. The authors, both with Booz, Allen & Hamilton Inc., of Bethesda, Maryland, are, respectively specialists in Russian studies and military intelligence. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Military/
Stevens, Serita Deborah (1949- ), with Anne Klarner i Deadly Doses: A Writers Guide to Poisons. Cincinnati, OH: Writers Digest Books, 1990, 298pp. Popularized account by a mystery writer/registered nurse. Mainly on the fast-acting, lethal kind that most interest the writers and readers of murder mysteries. See also Trestrail (2000), True & Dreisbach (2001), and Klaassen (2001). FIELDS: 1-Star/Toxicology/
Stevenson, Harold W. (1924- ), and James W. Stigler i The Learning Gap: Why Our Schools Are Failing and What We Can Learn from Chinese and Japanese Education. New York: Summit Books, 1992, 236pp. The first well-documented cross-cultural study of this controversial subject. Both authors are psychology professors. FIELDS: 1-Star/Cultural/
Stevenson, William (1925- ) A Man Called Intrepid: The Secret War. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1976, xxv+486. Foreword by Sir William Stephenson. LOC: NPS; Air U. I mention this miserable book only to warn against it. Its a faux biography of Sir William Samuel Stephenson (1896-1989) whose own self-aggrandizing fantasies were not just gullibly repeated but hopelessly muddled, confabulated, and augmented by his starryeyed and unqualified biographer (no relative). The only comparably bloated hagiography in the Intelligence field I know of is Maskelyne (1949). Among the original reviewers, the British (except for Le Carr) were generally damning, the Americans (except for Hanson Baldwin in Saturday Review) appallingly gullible, including The New Yorkers Naomi Bliven, Newsweeks Walter Clemons, and National Reviews Steve Ownbey. First exposed in detail in West (1985) and then by Naftali (1993). A welcome full-scale book-length expos biography is Macdonald (2001). The author, born in England, is a prominent Canadian journalist. During WW II he was a Navy flyer.
REV: Hugh Trevor-Roper in New York Review of Books, 13 May 1976, pp.3-4. Calls this book utterly worthless. REV: Sir David Hunt in Times Lierary Supplement, 13 May 1976, p.643. Ditto. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1976. REV: Pforzheimer (1985), 71, remarks that This book has been severely attacked by knowledgeable reviewers as inaccurate in many respects, badly documented and grossly inflated. Pforzheimer was too kind. FIELDS: 0-Star/INTEL/Britain/Biography/
Intrepids Last Case. New York: Villard Books, 1983, xxvii+321pp. LOC: NPS. Incredibly, author Stevenson actually manages to surpass his previous fiasco. First publicly exposed by West (1985), 127, 140-142, although I assume most students of intelligence history recognized the falsities. FIELDS: 0-Star/INTEL/Britain/Biography/
Stewart, Ian (1945- ) i "The Interrogator's Fallacy," being the author's "Mathematical Recreations" column in Scientific American (Sep 1996), 172-175. LOC: BW (copy). An exposition of the seminal paper on the same subject by Matthews (1994). FIELDS: 1-Star/Interrogation/
Stewart, T[homas] D[ale], M.D. (1901-1997) ii Essentials of Forensic Anthropology: Especially as Developed in the United States. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1979, xvii+300pp. LOC: Florida A&M U. A useful overview. See also Joyce & Stover (1991), Ubelaker (1992), Maples (1994), and Bass (2003). Stewart was an American pioneer forensic anthropologist. Worked at the Smithsonian Institution from 1924 until his retirement in 1971. FIELDS: 2-Star/Anthropology/
Stimson, Paul G., and Curtis A. Mertz (editors) ii Forensic Dentistry. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1997, xvi+301pp. A standard text with 12 chapters by as many contributors. Strong on technique & practice, weak on history & theory. FIELDS: 2-Star/Dentistry/ Sting, The SEE:
Ward (1973)
Stokes, Richard iii Jasper Maskelyne: Master of Make-Believe. Australia: self published, 1996. LOC: BW3 (copy). A superbly researched shattering expos of the fabrications of Jasper Maskelyne (19021973) in his ghosted autobiography, MagicTop Secret (1949) and his sycophantic & shoddy biographer Fisher (1983). Originally appeared in the Australian magic monthly, Geniis Magic Journal, serially in 21 articles from Nov 1993 to Oct 1995. Then collected in a limited edition for a few knowledgeable magicians. Stokes, a Britain-born Australian resident, is an amateur magician. FIELDS: 3-Star/Magic/Camouflage/
Stoll, Clifford ii The Cookoos Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage. New York: Doubleday, 1989, vi+326pp. LOC: BW. Cliff Stoll was a young Berkeley graduate student astrophysicist working as a system manager at the Lawrence Berkeley Lab in summer 1986 when assigned to resolve a $0.75 discrepancy in billing time for Internet use by the labs approximately one thousand users. His audit identified an intruder using the codename Hunter. Then, by setting a trap (what would later be called a honeypot) for Hunter, he traced the intrusion to 25-year-old Markus Hess in West Germany who was dealing hacked US secrets to the KGB. Dated but still instructive introductory text to the general problem of detection of deception on the Internet. See also Shimomura (1996), Mitnick (2002), Mintz (2002), and Rowe & Rothstein (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Computers/Tracking/
Stoney, David A., Ph.D. ii A Selection of Some of Dr. McCrones High and Low Profile Cases in the Forensic Analysis of Art, Journal of Forensic Science, Vol.49, No.2 (Mar 2004), 1-3. LOC: BW; www.astm.org. Handy condensations of one book and 11 papers by Walter McCrone. See also McCrone (1998 & 1999). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Biography/
Storm van Leeuwen, J[an] iii The Concept of Pictology and Its Application to Works by Frans Hals, in Jaff and others (1979), 57-92. A favorable analysis of Van Dantzigs Pictology theory of authentication as applied to the paintings of Dutch artist Frans Hals (ca.1581-1666). See Van Dantzig (1973). Dr. Storm van Leeuwen, an art historian and world authority on 18th century Dutch book bindings, is Keeper of the Binding Collection in the Royal Library, The Hague. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Painting/Methodology/
Storr, Anthony (1920-2001) ii Churchills Black Dog, Kafkas Mice, and Other Phenomena of the Human Mind. New York: Grove Press, 1988, x+310pp. Collected essays by one of Britains top psychiatrists. Includes rather better than average pieces on psychobiography, psychoanalysis as a non-science, creativity, and the relationship between genius & sanity. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Psychotherapy/Biography/
Strauch, Barry iii Investigating Human Error: Incidents, Accidents, and Complex Systems. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2002, xxi+302pp. LOC: NPS. A comprehensive textbook. A 18-year veteran of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), Dr. Strauch (a PhD in educational psychology) specializes in accident investigation in aviation, trains, and nuclear submarines. See also Perrow (1984 & 1989) and Reason (1990 & 1997). FIELDS: 3-Star/Accidents/
Strauss, Leo (1899-1973) SEE: Schmitt & Shulsky (1999) Stricker, Lawrence J., Samuel Messick, and Douglas N. Jackson iii Evaluating Deception in Psychological Research, Psychological Bulletin, Vol.71, No.5 (May 1969), 343-351. LOC: BW (copy). On the prevalent use of deception on subjects by psych researchers. Raises the key question of counterdeception whether these subjects see through the attempt to deceive them. Suggests that measures of the degree of suspiciousness vary with the effectiveness of deception (p.345). Stricker was an NYU PhD then (and still, 2005) with the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, NJ. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/Deception/
Strong, Major-General Sir Kenneth (1900-1982) ii Men of Intelligence: A Study of the Roles and Decisions of Chiefs of Intelligence from World War I to the present day. London: Cassell, 1970, 183pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford. A close look on how strategic intelligence was perceived and acted on at the top. Of particular relevance is Strongs section on espionage (Chapter 6, Spies, pp.142-151) where he judges that spies are of little value, indeed are so often the source of misleading information as to have mainly negative value. While often true, then and now, this was not a view shared even at that time by many well-informed intelligencers such Dr. Jones and Prof. Masterman. Moreover, the solution today as much as then is to adequately vet and monitor ones agents and be better aware of what any individual agents area of expertize qualifies him to report on. Strong was a senior British military intelligence officer throughout WW II until his retirement in 1966.
REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 36, 68, 228. Rates it one of the 50 essential books on intelligence. Overrates it I should say. REV: Constantinides (1983), 436-437. A properly mixed review. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/HUMINT/Biography/
Studies in Intelligence iii Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, Unclassified Edition, No.1 (1997)-No.11 (Fall/Winter 2001), Vol.46, No.1 (2002)-Vol.49, No.2 (2005)-in progress. LOC: Congress. This is the CIAs in-house journal. Generally well-edited and authoritative. Occasional articles relevant to deception or counterdeception plus many useful reviews, particularly those by Hayden Peake. The classified version had begun publication in 1955. See Westerfield (1995). FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/Periodicals/
Suddendorf, Thomas, and Andrew Whiten iii Reinterpreting the Mentality of Apes, in J. Fitness & K. Sterelny (editors), From Mating to Mentality: Evaluating Evolutionary Psychology (New York: Psychology Press, 2003), 173-196. LOC: BW (copy). Concludes that while chimpanzees do have sophisticated social skills & traditions, mindreading-related behaviors such as deception, and gaze-following, they evidently have no human-like theory of mind, which suggests that their apparent understanding of seeing, attending, and pointing has only a purely behavioral basis. See also Whiten & Byrne (1988). Dr. Suddendorf, born and raised in Germany, was a psychologist & primatologist in New Zealand. FIELDS: 3-Star/Zoology/Evolution/
Sugiyama, Jir (1928- ) Shinseki rai: Bunkaronteki Shiten Kara. Tky: Hatsubaimoto Rokk Shupan, 1990, 296pp. LOC: Congress; Cambridge; not seen. Reportedly on the detection of forged and reproduced Japanese antiquities by a noted Japanese historian and art historian. FIELDS: ?-Star/Art/Japan/
Sulc, Lawrence B. iii Law Enforcement Counterintelligence. Kansas City, Kansas: Varro Press, 1996, xix+227pp. LOC: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical U. The first textbook on the subject in an era when large and well-funded criminal organizations actively infiltrate the police, DA offices, and courts. Sulc was a former 23-year CIA officer in operations, staffer for the U.S. House of Representatives for 11 years, a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State with the Bureau of Intelligence Research, and founder of the Nathan Hale Institute. FIELDS: 3-Star/Counterintel/Police/
Sullivan, Evelin (1947- ) i The Concise Book of Lying. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001, xiv+334pp. LOC: Stanford; U of Hong Kong. A popular account by an American novelist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Sullivan, John F. (1939- ) iii Of Spies and Lies: A CIA Lie Detector Remembers Vietnam. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2002, xvi+250pp. LOC: NPS. Memoir of a polygraph examiner as a CIA clandestine service officer in country during the latter stages 1971-75 of the Vietnam War. Having given nearly 6,000 tests he remains a believer but one who nevertheless admits (p.174) that: Polygraph is more art than science, and unless an admission [confession] is obtained, the final determination is frequently what we refer to as a scientific wild-ass guess (SWAG). REV: Ward W. Warren in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.47, No.1 (2003), 79-80. Favorable. FIELDS: 3-Star/HUMINT/Interrogation/
Sully, James (1842-1923) ii Illusions: A Psychological Study. London: Kegan Paul, 1881, xii+372pp; New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1881, xii+372pp. LOC: Queens College (Charlotte, NC). Reprints to 1982. French translation as Illusions des Sens et de lEsprit. Paris: Libraire Germer Bailliere et C, 1883, 264pp. Covers physiological and psychological sources of error. Distinguished between optical illusions and errors of perception of which he defines (pp.44-45) two sub-types, Passive Illusions (objective or a posteriori) and Active Illusions (subjective or a priori). A major influence on later students of perception. Clearly and straightforwardly written. The authors two examples from conjuring (pp. 56, 106-107) are, as Busby points out, in error. Sully, an Englishman, was one of the early psychologists. This book was a major inspiration for Binet (1894). See comments in Reason (1990), 20-21, including, Sully was probably the first psychologist to attempt to classify the broad spectrum of human error and to seek common explanatory principles. FIELDS: 2-Star/Perception/
iii An Essay on Laughter: Its Forms, Its Causes, Its Development and Its Value. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1902, xvi+441pp. LOC: U of Florida (Gainesville). A well-presented survey that, while it sets the incongruity and surprise theories above all others, is inconclusive due to Sullys distracting himself with misleading exceptions to the incongruity rule. See also Leacock (1935), Swabey (1961), Raskin (1985), and Provine (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Suls, Jerry M. ii A Two-Stage Model for the Appreciation of Jokes and Cartoons: An Information-Processing Analysis, in Goldstein & McGhee (1972), 81-100. Suls, a psychologist at Temple University in Philadelphia, is despite some waffling basically a proponent of the Incongruity Theory of Humor. FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Sun Pin (flourished 350 BC) Sun Pin Ping Fa [Sun Pins Rules of War]. iiii Sun Pin: The Art of Warfare. Translated by D. C. Lau and Roger T. Ames. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996, xiii+352pp. LOC: BW; Oxford. The best of three English translations of this early Chinese military manual, which was discovered in 1972 in a Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) tomb. See also Sun Tzu. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Deception/China/
Sun Tzu (ca.400-320 BC) iiiii Sun Tzu Ping Fa [Sun Tzus Rules of War]. Around 350 BC. Thirteen Chapters. The great classic of Chinese military science, usually mistranslated as The Art of War, although the fa of the title means laws or rules or, loosely, principles. Sun Tzu, meaning Master Sun, was the honorific of Sun Wu. Although much controversy surrounds this text, some even claiming that Sun was a fiction and his book merely a compilation of pieces by various writers, I agree with General Griffith (p.12) that: [T]he originality, the consistent style, and the thematic development suggest that The Thirteen Chapters is not a compilation, but was written by a singularly imaginative individual who had considerable practical experience in war. Of the many translations of this book, I judge that of General Griffith to be the most readable, scholarly (it was his 1960 doctoral thesis at Oxford), and expert in interpretation (he was a retired USMC brigadier general with considerable experience of China. 1) Translated by Roger T. Ames as Sun-Tzu: The Art of Warfare. New York: Ballantine Books, 1993, xiv+321pp. LOC: BW. 2) Translated by Ralph D. Sawyer as Sun-tzu: The Art of War. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1994, 375pp. LOC: BW. 3) Translated by Samuel B. Griffith as Sun Tzu: The Art of War. London: Oxford University Press, 1963, xvi+197pp. Introduction by Griffith. Foreword by B. H. Liddell Hart. LOC: BW; Air U. Although the above translations by Ames and Sawyer are more nearly complete thanks to recently discovered texts, Gen. Griffiths edition is still more useful for its insights on the strictly military aspects. On applications of Sun Tzus teachings to modern wars see Liddell Hart (1954), Handel (2001), and Bjorge (2004). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CL/R&D/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Deception/China/
600/
Sun, Yin (1962- ), and Kwok Y. Ong ii Detection Technologies for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Vapors. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004, 272pp. LOC: Colorado State U; British L; Australian Defence Force Academy. Highly technical textbook. Dr. Sun (PhD from U Connecticut and born in China) and Ong (born in the USA) are both recognized experts on the subject of their book. FIELDS: Sun Zi SEE: Sun Tzu 2-Star/WMD/TECHINT/
Sung Tzu (1186-1249) ii Hsi-yan Chi-lu [Collected Records of the Righting of Wrongs]. Hu-nan: 1247. The earliest surviving official manual for Chinese judge-magistrates on murder, suicide, and accidental death. Of the two translations into English, I have used McKnights: See also Kuei (1211). 1) Translated by Herbert A. Giles as The Hsi Yan Lu or Instructions to Coroners. London: J. Bale, 1924, 49pp. 2) Translated by Brian E. McKnight as The Washing Away of Wrongs: Forensic Medicine in Thirteenth-Century China. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, The University of Michigan, 1981, xv+181pp. LOC: BW. McKnight is an American China scholar and criminal law expert. 3) Combined reprint of the above two translations. Taipei, Republic of China: Southern Materials Center, 1982. FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/China/
Sutrisno, Tristan (1950- ), and Marc MacYoung iii Becoming a Complete Martial Artist: Error Detection in Self-Defense and the Martial Arts. Guilford, Conn.: The Lyons Press, 2005, xx+219pp. LOC: Kitsap Regional L. How to recognize (detect) of any errors in martial arts techniques that have crept into ones own performance during combat. An advanced text by two well-known experts. Tristan Edy Tris Sutrino is Indonesian, MacYoung an American. FIELDS: 3-Star/Sports/
Swabey, Marie Collins (1890-1966) iii Comic Laughter: A Philosophical Essay. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961, vi+251pp. Reprinted 1970. LOC: U of Florida. Argues throughout for the Incongruity Theory of Humor, as did Leacock (1935) and Arieti (1950) before her, and as I do here. See also Provine (2000). Dr. Swabey (PhD, Cornell, 1919) was an American philosopher teaching at NYU. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Swanson, Charles R. [Jr.] (1942- ), Neil C. Chamelin (1942- ), Leonard Territo i Criminal Investigation. 6th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996, 801pp. Currently the most widely used general criminological textbook in the USA, which is a sorry comment on the state of instruction in that art today in America. The 1st edition appeared in 1977. Compares unfavorably even to the antique Sderman & OConnell (1935). FIELDS: 1-Star/Criminology/
Swanson, John ii Inside the Bermuda Bowl: A Behind the Screens Look at the Team Trials and Bermuda Bowl Events. Mission Viejo, CA: John Swanson, 1998, 250pp. LOC: San Luis Obispo Public Library. Includes (pp.129-161) a blow-by-blow account of the infamous cheating at bridge by two members of the defending champion Italian Blue Team during the 1975 world championship in Bermuda together with a general discussion (163-196) of cheating at bridge. Swanson, an eyewitness of this event, was himself a leading American champion player 1969-1977. But see Chua (1998) for a thought-provoking but probably incorrect defense of the Blues. FIELDS: 2-Star/Games/
Swift, Edgar James (1860-1932) ii Psychology and the Days Work: A Study in the Application of Psychology to Daily Life. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1918, viii+388pp. LOC: NPS. A pioneering work that includes three important chapters (pp.198-313) on false memories, garbled testimony, and distortion of rumors. Swift was Professor of Psychology & Education at Washington University, St. Louis. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychology/
Swinton, Maj.-Gen. Sir Ernest Dunlop (1868-1951) SEE: "Ole Luk-Oie" (1909) Sykes, Christopher (editor) ii No Ordinary Genius: The Illustrated Richard Feynman. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1994, 272pp. LOC: Pacific Beach PL. Collected comments on and by Nobel physicist Richard Feynman (1918-1988). See also Feynman & Leighton (1985 & 1988) and Gleick (1992). FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Biography/
Sykes, Steven (1914- ) ii Deceivers Ever: Memoirs of a Camouflage Officer 1939-1945. Tunbridge Sykes, Wells, Kent: Spellmount Ltd, 1990, 219pp. LOC: BW. A designer who served with British Army Engineers Camouflage in WW II in the Mediterranean Theatre (1941-43) and the D-Day invasion and across Europe (1944-45). See also Barkas (1952). FIELDS: 2-Star/Camouflage/
Symonds, R[obert] W[emyss] (1889-1958) i Old English Walnut & Lacquer Furniture: The Present-Day Condition and Value and the Methods of the Furniture-Faker in Producing Spurious Pieces. London: William Brenden & Son, Ltd, 1923, 176pp; reprinted New York: Robert M. McBride & Co., 1923, 176pp. One of the earliest books on furniture to discuss fakery, Ch.III Spurious Walnut Furniture (pp.38-56). See also Cescinsky (1931), Mailfert (1935), Hayward (1971), Kaye (1987), and Bly (2002), 8-68. Symonds was a leading British expert on antique English furniture. FIELDS: 1-Star/Furniture/
Syracuse University Research Corporation (SURC) A Taxonomy for Cover and Deception and Counter-Deception. Syracuse, NY: SURC, 10 Apr 1972, 136pp. Published as SURC TR-72-87. LOC: Air U. FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/Counterdeception/
Syrett, David (ca.1939-2004) SEE UNDER: FM 90-2 (Tactical Deception)
-TTabori, Paul (1908-1974) Crime and the Occult: A Forensic Study. London: David & Charles, 1974, 260pp. U.S. edition as Crime and the Occult: How ESP and Parapsychology Help Detection. New York: Taplinger Publishing Co., 1974, 260pp. This popular Hungarian writer in exile in Britain, ex-police reporter, and freelance writer (movies, the occult, erotica, etc.) gives his final take on psychic detection. He believed that many who claim to have paranormal powers as psychics, hypnotists, dowsers, graphologists, and clairvoyants have indeed helped solve crimes. His evidence is the usual unskeptical use of thinly substantiated anecdote. See also Lyons & Truzzi (1991). FIELDS: 0-Star/Psi/
Taleb, Nassim Nicholas (1960- ) iii Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets. Second Edition, Updated by the Author, New York: Random House, 2005, xvii+316pp. LOC: BW3. A best-seller and already justifiably a classic in economic theory, the 1st edition having appeared in 2001 (without the bibliography and useful notes that grace the revision). Explains how we confuse luck with skill by failing to understand how extreme or rare events (Black Swans) can upset our most carefully made plans. Author describes the cognitive processes by which he turned the inevitability of catastrophe into a successful investment strategy. I find fault only with skimpy explanations of some key concepts such as conditional probability. Dr. Taleb (PhD in financial mathematics from the Sorbonne; MBA from the Wharton School), born in Lebanon of Greek-Lebanese family moved to American to win, lose, and win a fortune, is a Professor at the University of Massachusetts and, through his Empirica LLC company in New York, a leading financial trader. I thank Dr. Gordon McCormick for drawing my attention to this book. REF: Malcolm Gladwell, Blowing Up, The New Yorker (22 & 29 Apr 2002). FIELDS: 3-Star/Economics/Logic/
ii The Black Swan: Why Dont We Learn that We Dont Learn? First draft, Jan 2004, 45pp. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. Based on a logical concept by Hume the Black Swan was J. S. Millss specific image for rare but consequential events. Here Taleb expands on parts of his above book. See also Weaver (1948). Talebs Black Swans have three characteristics: ! Large impact. ! Low but not calculable probability. ! Surprise effect. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/Surprise/
Tamariz, Juan (1942- ) iiiii The Magic Way: The theory of false solutions and the magic way. Madrid: Editorial Frakson, 1988, 184pp. This is the English translation by Donald B. Lehn of the subsequently published La Va Mgica (1989, 192pp). LOC: BW. Superb. The clearest and most detailed analysis of precisely how a conjuror manages to deceive his target audience. Includes Tamarizs important "Theory of False Solutions". Quite applicable to all other disciplines involving deception and its detection. Spanish magician Juan Mauel Tamariz-Martel is an outstanding magician as close-up artist, theorist, and teacher. Learned from magic set 1946-48 and first magic book in 1956. Student of the great Frakson and "disciple" of Ascanio (see above). Amateur magician 1956-69, pro TV commercial and film director 1970, and full-time pro magician 1971-present. A world-class card magician, judged by many to be the top one in Europe. Has written more than a dozen books on magic since 1970. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/ 5-Star/Magic/ CLASSES: 600/
iii The Five Points in Magic. Madrid: Editorial Frakson, 1982, 55pp; revised 1988, 85pp. How conjurors can use body language to deceive. A well-illustrated useful combination of theory and practice. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Magic/
Tanner, Amy E[liza] (1870- ) iii Studies in Spiritism. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1910, xxxviii+408pp. Introduction by G. Stanley Hall. Facsimile reprint, Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1994. LOC: BW. Magician Jeff Busby judges this to be one of the best early books to expose psychic fraud in general and specifically the best at showing how investigator bias can lead to gullibility. Busby notes that it gives the earliest published description of cold reading. See also Abbott (1907). Dr. Tanner (PhD, U of Chicago, 1898) was Prof. Halls main research assistant in the psych department at Clark University for the three years prior to publishing this book. Her first book, The Child (1904), surveyed pre-adolescent children. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Psi/
Tannrath, A. M. (1883- ) ii How to Locate Skips and Collect. Chicago: A. M. Tannrath, 1948, xi+260pp. LOC: California State Los Angeles Library. Better than the more recent texts because Mr. Tannrath, a professional skip tracer and collector, examines the psychology of the hunt. See also Thomas (1988), Eriksen (1990), and even Brown (1999). FIELDS: Target Unknown (movie) SEE: Medford (1951)
2-Star/Tracking/
Taroni, F[ranco], C[hristophe] Champod, P[ierre] A. Margot iii Forerunners of Bayesianism in Early Forensic Science, Journal of Forensic Identification, Vol.49, No.3 (May/Jun 1999), 285-305. LOC: BW (copy); NorthernLights.com. Surveys early applications of Baysian statistics in detection and makes a very strong case for their wider application. Edited from articles original appearance in Jurimetrics Journal, Vol.38 (Winter 1998). See also Matthews (2001) and Champod (1995). Taroni is a statistician at the University of Edinburgh, Champod and Margot are criminalists at the University of Lausanne. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Statistics/Bayes/
Taubman, Philip (ca.1948- ) ii Secret Empire: Eisenhower, the CIA and the Hidden Story of Americas Space Espionage. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003, 441pp. A solid account of the CIA role in satellite surveillance. Based mainly on recently declassified US documents. Taubman has been a New York Times journalist since 1979. FIELDS: 2-Star/IMINT/USA/
Taxay, Don i Counterfeit, Mis-Struck, and Unofficial U.S. Coins: a guide for the detection of cast and struck counterfeits, electrotypes, and altered coins. New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc., 1963, 221pp. LOC: BW; Getty. A standard text. But unreliable because the author did much uncritical copying and little original research. See also Dieffenbacher (1963) and Hancock (1979). Taxay was a prominent U.S. coin expert until 1977 when, having become a Rajneeshee, he moved to India, dropping the coin business. FIELDS: 1-Star/Coins/
Taylor, Alfred Swaine, M.D. (1806-1880) Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, interspersed with a copious selection of curious and instructive cases and analyses of opinions delivered at coroners inquests. London: 1836, xix+511pp. 2nd edition retitled The Principles and Practice of Medical Jurisprudence. London: 2 vols., 1873. 11th edition, London: 2 vols., 1956-57, edited by Sidney Smith & Keith Simpson. 13th edition, Edinburgh: 1984, 415pp, edited by A. Keith Mant. American editions retitled A Manual of Medical Jurisprudence appeared between 1866 and 1897. LOC: not seen. Beginning in 1834, the author, a student of the pioneering Matthieu Orfila, spent 46 years as the first Lecturer in Medical Jurisprudence at Guy's Hospital Medical School in London. This work is the classic English-language textbook on the subject. FIELDS: ?-Star/Forensics/
Taylor, R. E. (1938- ), and Martin J. Aitken (editors) iii Chronometric Dating in Archaeology. New York: Plenum Press, 1997, xix+395pp. LOC: Florida Atlantic U. Surveys the advances during the previous three decades in archaeological dating methodschemical, physical, and nuclear. The twelve chapters, each written by one or more experts and each covering a specialized dating technique such as ice cores and tree rings, through radiocarbon and potassium/argon, to luminescence and obsidian hydration. The editors have their doctorates in, respectively, chemistry and nuclear physics. Aitken, who specialized in magnetic dating of artifacts, had retired in 1989 as Professor of Archaeometry at Oxford University. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Archaeology/Methodology/
Taylor, W. Thomas iii Texfake: An Account of the Theft and Forgery of Early Texas Printed Documents. Austin, TX: W. Thomas Taylor, 1991, 158pp. Introduction by Larry McMurtry. A comprehensive, scholarly account of the systematic stealing of historical documents from various Texas libraries and courthouse archives since the 1960s. Covers the sale and counterfeiting of several and the shoddy manner by which many senior Texas librarians, archivists, booksellers, and the legal system covered it up for two decades. Then, beginning in 1987, these activities were detected and publicized by private experts. FIELDS: 3-Star/Documents/Theft/
Temple, L. Parker, III iii Shades of Gray: National Security and the Evolution of Space Reconnaissance. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2004, xiv+613pp. LOC: NPS. The most comprehensive, fine-detailed, and up-to-date monograph that traces the evolution of space reconnaissance systems from Pearl Harbor to the present. Dr. Temple (PhD in science & technology from George Washington U) has been in military space work since 1976, initially with the Air Force including the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and lately as an independent. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CL/ 3-Star/IMINT/ CLASSES: 603/
Temple, Robert (1945- ) i The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention. London: Prion, 1998, 248pp. Introduction by Dr. Joseph Needham. A condensation and popularization of Joseph Needhams majestic Science and Civilization in China, which had been published since 1954 in 15 (and still counting) fascicles. Needham (1900-1995) was a Cambridge biochemist who turned to the history of Chinese science as a serious interest. FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/Science/China/
Tetlock, Philip E. iiiExpert Political Judgment: How Good is It? How Can We Know? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005, xvi+321pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz. A fine summary based on a longitudinal study from 1985 to 2003 of 284 expert professional advisors on political trends. In general they performed at or below chance. Dr. Tetlock (1979 Yale PhD in Psychology), an American political psychologist, has been a full professor in the UC-Berkeley School of Business since 2001. REV: Louis Menand, Everbodys An Expert, The New Yorker, Vol.81, No.39 (5 Dec 2005), 98-101. FIELDS: 3-Star/Experts/Politics/
Tharp, Lars (editor) ii Antiques Roadshow: How to Spot a Fake. London: Boxtree, 1999, 192pp. LOC: Vancouver PL; British L. A popular introductory survey of the main types of fake, forged, and reproduced collectibles. A spin-off of the popular BBC-TV Antiques Roadshow series. Tharp, a Dane and prominent art expert in Britain, edits chapters by 11 other experts. FIELDS: 2-Star/Antiques/
Thayer, Abbott H[anderson] (1849-1921) ii The Law Which Underlies Protective Coloration, The Auk, Vol.13 (Washington, DC: Apr 1896), 124-129. LOC: BW3 (copy). Eccentric American artist Abbott Thayer was a major pioneer of camouflage in art, nature, and war. In this landmark paper he introduced his controversial theory of counter-shading (although that term would come later), namely that the gradation of light from the overhead sun can be cancelled by an inverse coloration pattern on an animal or other object thereby blending it into its background the opposite of the chiaroscuro shading used by painters to make an object stand out in virtual three dimensions. An excellent biography of Thayer is in Behrens (1981), 20-34; another, although lesser one, is Gephart (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Camouflage/Zoology/
iii Camouflage, The Scientific Monthly, Vol.7, No.6 (Washington, DC: Dec 1918), 481-494. LOC: BW (copy); Internet (JSTOR). Some sound theory. Plus sound advice to always take each critters point-of-view of its prey & predator. Shows how-to do this. See also Solomon (1920). FIELDS: 3-Star/Camouflage/
Theodorou, Jerry ii Antiquities & the F-Word, Art & Auction (Nov 1992), 114-119. LOC: BW (copy). F for Fake. On the prevalence of ancient art fakes. Theodorou is a well-known British writer on the subject. FIELDS: 2-Star/Antiques/
Theus, Will H. (ca.1905-1998) i How to Detect and Collect Antique Porcelain and Pottery. New York: Knopf, 1974, xii+249pp. LOC: Monterey PL. This and the following books are aimed at the beginning collector. Ms. Theus was a professional antiques appraiser in Savannah. FIELDS: 1-Star/Pottery/
i How to Detect and Collect Antique Furniture. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978, xi+209pp. LOC: Mid-Continent PL (Independence, MO). FIELDS: 1-Star/Furniture/
Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1914-2003) ii A Hidden Life: The Enigma of Sir Edmund Backhouse. London: Macmillan, 1976, viii+316pp. LOC: Oxford. American edition as Hermit of Peking: The Hidden Life of Sir Edmund Backhouse. New York: Knopf, 1977, 316pp. A thorough expos of a strange British fantaisist and impostor, Edmund Backhouse (1873-1944). Trevor-Roper, an Englishman and controversial historian, gained early fame following his official assignment in 1945 to investigate Hitlers death with his The Last Days of Hitler (1947). Oxford-educated, he served in WW II successively with the Radio Security Service and SIS. He became Professor of Modern History at Oxford 19571980. In 1979 he received a life peerage as Baron Dacre of Glanton. His only flop was his rushed authentication in 1983 of the forged Hitler Diaries, a monumentally arrogant blunder which has colored his subsequent career. REV: John K. Fairbank in New York Review of Books, Vol.24, No.6 (14 Apr 1977. FIELDS: 2-Star/Hoax/Biography/
Thomas, Keith (1954- ) (editor) iiThe Revolution in Military Affairs: Warfare in the Information Age. Canberra: Australian Defence Studies Centre, 1997, xiv+203pp. Introduction by Andrew Marshall. LOC: Army War College (Carlisle); National L of Australia. On the automation of combat information in war. Thomass book is recommended by Steele (2000), 371, who judges this the best thinking currently available within the allied military community. Marshalls Introduction stresses the importance of the emergence of precision weapons & information warfare. This stress is not as prescient as it might seem as Marshall was himself one of the key originators of the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) concept.
Lt. Col. Dr. Thomas (PhD, Deakin U), a 27-year Australian Army veteran, has been at La Trobe University in Australia since 1999. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/Australia/
Thomas, Ralph D. Advanced Skip Tracing Techniques: How to Find Anyone Anywhere. Austin, TX: Thomas Publications, Inc: 2 volumes, 1988, 1990, 54+54pp. Contrary to its title, a simplistic primer and a weak one at that. Better to read Burton (1990) for bounty hunting and Tannrath (1948) or Eriksen (1994) for tracing missing persons. FIELDS: 0-Star/Tracking/
Thomas, Ronald R. (1949- ) i Detective Fiction and the Rise of Forensic Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, xviii+341pp. LOC: U of Miami; Cal State U (Stanislaus); Oxford; U of Hong Kong. A useful reading on the history of forensic science, if we discard the authors bewitchment by the distractions of Postmodern Theory and Political Correctness. Thomas was a professor of English at the University of Chicago and, later, Trinity College in Hartford. In 2004 he became President of the University of Puget Sound. The publisher errs (page i) in claiming this as the first book about the relationship between the development of forensic science in the nineteenth century and the invention of the new literary genre of detective fiction in Britain and America. In fact, the first was by the great French forensic scientist Locard (1924), a landmark reference that author Thomas missed. See also Wells (1913), Cassiday (1983), and Shepherd (1985). FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/Fiction/
Thomas, Timothy L[loyd] iiii Dragon Bytes: Chinese Information-War Theory and Practice from 1995-2003. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Foreign Military Studies Office, 2004, 168pp. LOC: BW3; NPS. From open sources of the Chinese Communist Army (PLA) gives the PLAs theory & practice during the past decade of network-centric warfare, what they call integrated network-electronic warfare. The main conclusion (pp.98-99) is that the PLA places psyops above combat among the main principles of war. This view is, of course, diametrically opposite to all Western military doctrines, which see psyops as, at most, a feeble adjunct to combat ops. Moreover these post-Mao writers acknowledge that this was also the view of Sun Tzu who had been the first military writer to argue that the highest form of war is the defeat of the enemy without fighting. Lt. Col. Thomas (USA retired 1993), a specialist in Soviet psyops, knowing no Chinese, was dependent on FBIS translations in researching this monograph. He had received a BS from West Point and an MA from USC. At the time of producing this and the following monograph he was an analyst with the FMSO. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/China/PSYOPS/
iii Cyber Silhouettes: Shadows Over Information Operations. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Foreign Military Studies Office, 2005, 334pp. Stresses the current large differences among American, Russian, Chinese, and insurgent theories of Information Operations. FIELDS: 3-Star/China/Russia/PSYOPS/
Thorwald, Jrgen (1916- ) iiii The Century of the Detective. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1965, 500pp. Translated by Richard & Clara Winston from the original 1964 Swiss edition, Das Jahrhundert der Detektive. LOC: BW. Reprinted in England by Thames & Hudson in London in 3 volumes: Part 1 as The Marks of Cain (1965, 239pp), Part 2 as Dead Men Tell Tales (1966, 222pp), Part 3 as Proof of Poison (1966, 218pp). A remarkably detailed, comprehensive, and accurate popular history of police detectives. Won the Mystery Writers of Americas 1966 Edgar Allan Poe Award for the years Best Fact Crime book. Thorwald was a German medical and police historian. Moved in 1958 to Switzerland. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Forensics/Police/
iii Crime and Science: The New Frontier in Criminology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1967, 494pp. Translated by Richard & Clara Winston from the original Swiss 1966 edition, Die Stunde der Detektive. LOC: BW. Case studies in forensic science. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Forensics/
Thurber, James (1894-1961) i The Catbird Seat, The New Yorker (14 Nov 1942). Reprinted in The Thurber Chronicle (1945). A slyly humourous short story where the underdog employs a touch of cunning deception. Prof. Hy Rothstein, former Special Ops colonel, added it to his reader on Psychological Operation and Deception, Vol. Three (Deception) (2003), at the Naval Postgraduate School. Thurber was a gentle American humorist and cartoonist, best known for his work in The New Yorker magazine. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/
Tietze, Hans (1880-1954) ii Genuine and False: CopiesImitationsForgeries. London: Max Parrish and Co., Ltd., 1948, 80pp+73 illus. Reprinted New York: Chanticleer Press Inc., 1948, 80pp+73 illus. LOC: BW: Columbia; U of Toronto. Popular but informed summary.
Born in Prague, Prof. Dr. Tietze was a prominent art historian and connoisseur in Vienna and then New York City. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Tillotson, F. H. i How to be a Detective: A Complete Text Book of the Methods and Practices used by the Best Detectives in Dealing with the Criminal. Kansas City, MO: Hailman Printing Company, 1909, 187pp. LOC: Kansas City PL; U of Connecticut. Contrary to the title, this would better have been titled, How to be a Criminal. Includes an early glossary of underworld slang. FIELDS: 1-Star/Police/Methodology/
Tognazzini, Bruce ii Principles, Techniques, and Ethics of Stage Magic and Their Application to Human Interface Design, Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors and Computing Systems (INTERCHI) (Amsterdam: Apr 1993), 355-362. LOC: BW (copy). Tog Tognazzini explains I have been an amateur magician for as long as Ive been a professional software designer [that is, since 1978] and have applied the principles, techniques and ethics of magic in my design work. I have found them to be invaluable. He judges human-computer software interface design to be a parallel profession of magic. FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/Ethics/
Toliver, Raymond F. (1914- ), in collaboration with Hanns J. Scharff (1908-1992) iiii The Interrogator. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1979, 384pp; Revised & updated edition, Atglen, PA.: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1997, 346pp. LOC: NPS. An account of the German Luftwaffe's most consistently successful WW II interrogator of British and American POW airmen, Sergeant Hanns-Joachim Scharff. Highly recommended by most readers including USMC Director of Intelligence Brig. Gen. Ennis. For more on interrogation see Pinto (1952), Hoare (2000), Aussaresses (2002), Bowden (2003), and Mackey & Miller (2004). Col. Toliver (USAF Ret.) is a distinguished writer on the history of military aviation. REV: Lt. Col. David M. Kleinman (USAFR) in Defense Intelligence Journal, Vol.14, No.1 (2005), 155-157. Highly favorable. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: CI/ 4-Star/Interrogation/Germany/ CLASSES: 603/
Toole Stott, Raymond (1903-1982) ii A Bibliography of English Conjuring, 1581-1876. Derby, England: Harpur & Sons, Vol.I (1976) and Vol.II (1978). The best bibliography of magic tricks, although limited to titles in English published during the period 1581 to 1976. This work, particularly Vol.I, achieves the highest standards for all bibliographers. See also Whaley (1990 & 2001).
Toole Stott, an Englishman, was a librarian who turned freelance journalist and amateur bibliographer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/Bibliography/
Torrey, E. Fuller, M.D. (1937- ) i The Mind Game: Witchdoctors and Psychiatrists. New York: Emerson Hall Publishers, 1972, xv+236pp. LOC: Florida International U. Also in PB. LOC: BW. When published over a quarter century ago this mild-mannered, respectful, welldocumented investigation of Western-style psychotherapy drew such violent overreactions from so many hysterical psychiatrists to virtually prove that the author had exposed their darkest secret. Worth rereading for its largely correct cross-cultural recognition that most psychiatrists are simply witch doctors and shamans disguised in western business suits, otherwise depending on essentially identical methods to treat their supplicants and with no greater (or lesser) success. If the author errs, it is I believe by assuming these therapies work through more than just Placebo Effect. See also Kiev (1964), Kleinman (1988), and Osborne (2001). Dr. Torrey was a psychiatrist with the National Institute of Mental Health at the time he published this book. Now (2002) he heads a research foundation on schizophrenia. FIELDS: 1-Star/Cultures/Psychotherapy/
Tradio, Cirilo M. i Handbook of Criminal Investigation and Detection: With Criminal Evidence. 3rd edition, Quezon City, Philippines: Central Professional Books, Inc., 2000, vi+204pp. LOC: Congress. Cases and procedures in the Philippines. The author is a distinguished criminologist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Criminology/
Traill, H[enry] D[uff] (1842-1900) iii The Analytical Humorist, The Fortnightly Review, Vol.60 (London: 1896), 137-147. LOC: BW (copy). The best pre-1900 analysis of humor, one that yields a clearly stated Incongruity Theory and, through it, arguably the useful distinction between wit and humour under the following 8 propositions, which I quote verbatim (pp.138-139): 1. Wit and Humour, which, have sometimes been treated as different results or aspects of the same mental process, are in reality the respective products of two diametrically opposed operations of the mind. 2. Wit consists in the revelation of unsuspected similarity between two otherwise dissimilar objects of thought. 3. Humour consists in the display (though not necessarily the revelation) of incongruity between two otherwise associable objects of thought. 4. Revelation being essential to wit, though not to humour, it follows that the element of surprise is a uniform constituent of the effect produced by the former, though not of that produced by the latter. 5. All incongruity implies dissimilarity; but not e converso, dissimilarity being recognized by a purely intellectual apprehension, while incongruity exists only between such dissimilars as cannot be united in thought without producing an emotional shock.
6. The passion of laughter is excited by incongruity alone. Humour, therefore, in its various forms, is the sole excitant of laughter. 7. The response to wit, as such, is not laughter, "but merely that more sedate form of pleasurable emotion which the sudden discovery of fitness brought about by human ingenuityas in a clever mechanical invention, or the ingenious solution of a problemis accustomed to evoke. 8. The fact that laughter is a frequent accompaniment of the response to wit is due to the fact that the objects between which wit reveals similarity are often not only dissimilar, but incongruous also, and their union in thought produces the emotional shock which is the characteristic effect of humour. See also Leacock (1916 & 1935). Traill was a prominent English journalist, writer, and editor of literary journals. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Incongruity/
Tremmel, George B. (1942- ) iii Counterfeit Currency of the Confederate States of America. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2003, ix+188pp. LOC: Congress; Mid-Continent PL (Blue Springs, MO); British L. An informative essay plus comprehensive catalog. Mr. Tremmel, an American Southerner, is a major collector of Confederate paper money. FIELDS: 3-Star/Currency/
Trestrail, John H., III iiii Criminal Poisoning: Investigational Guide for Law Enforcement, Toxicologists, Forensic Scientists, and Attorneys. Totawa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000, xv+164pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno. The most useful handbook of the applications of toxicology in crime cases. Comprehensively surveys and sufficiently summarizes the history, case studies, types of poisons, types of poisoners, the victims, CSI, etc. Many of the instructive statistical tables are based on the authors own data base of 679 lethal cases internationally. See also Stevens (1990), True & Dreisbach (2001), and Klaassen (2001). Trestrail was a forensic scientist with the Grand Rapids, Michigan, Regional Poison Center. REV: A. A. In his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.1, No.2 (Jul-Dec 2001). Highly recommended to all. FIELDS: 4-Star/Toxicology/
Triplett, Norman (1861-1910) iii The Psychology of Conjuring Deceptions, The American Journal of Psychology, Vol.11, No.4 (Jul 1900), 439-510. Offprint (72pp). LOC: BW3 (copy of offprint); Congress; U of Wisconsin (Stevens Point). A pioneering work by that first but short-lived wave of psychologists French & American who recognized that deception was a suitable subject for their scholarly attention. This was the authors 1886 PhD dissertation in psychology from Clark University, in Worcester, Massachusetts. The topic was suggested and directed by Clark Us founding President and Professor of Psychology, Dr. G. Stanley Hall.
A summary and critique is Hyman (1989), 137-139. See also Randal (1982), Friedhoffer (1996), and Schiffman (1997). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Magic/
Trivedi, S. D.. iii Secret Services in Ancient India: Techniques and Operation. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Private Limited, 1984, xxiii+238pp. Foreword by Lobesh Chandra, Chairman, Indian Council of Historical Research. LOC: Trinity U. In this monograph, the first on its subject, Dr. Trivedi expands on his DPhil. dissertation, The Organization and Role of Police in Ancient India. See also Chakrabotry (1990). REV: Sheldon (2003), 189. Calls this monograph a gold mine of information on spies and spying, internal security, counterintelligence and covert operations. FIELDS: 3-Star/HUMINT/Counterintel/India/
Trivers, Robert L. (1941 or 1943- ) ii "The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism," The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol.46 (Mar 1971), 35-57. Reprinted in Trivers (2002), Chapter 1 (pp.3-51), plus Postscript, 51-55. Trivers's initial proposal, made while he was a PhD candidate in biology at Harvard, of his Theory of Reciprocal Altruism. This asserts that certain cooperative behaviors between two or more individuals will tend to assure reproductive success in the face of coercive competition from dominating individuals. His theory has held up quite well except for some needful modifications as see, for example, Lockard & Paulhus (1988), 203-207. Dr. Trivers specializes in studies of the evolution of altruism, spite, deceit, and self-deception. He is a prominent American evolutionary biologist (Harvard PhD in Biology 1972). His interest in evolutionary studies seems a likely outgrowth of his prior degree (BA, Harvard) in history. Its noteworthy that Trivers evolved his revolutionary theory during the manic phases of noticeably profound manic-depressive mood shifts. FIELDS: 2-Star/Evolution/
iii Social Evolution. Menlo Park, CA: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1985, xvii+462pp. LOC: Florida Atlantic U. Includes important discussions of reciprocal altruism (pp.47-49, 361-394), deception (395-415), and self-deception (415-420). FIELDS: 3-Star/Self-deception/Evolution/
ii The Elements of a Scientific Theory of Self-Deception, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, No.907 (Apr 2000), 114-131. Reprinted in Trivers (2002), 271-292, plus Postscript, 293. Triverss evolutionary proto-theory of self-deception suggests several sources of selfdeception. A promising start. FIELDS: 2-Star/Self-deception/Evolution/
iii Natural Selection and Social Theory: Selected Papers of Robert Trivers. Oxford: Oxford University Pres, 2002, viii+345pp. LOC: LA Sierra U. FIELDS: 3-Star/Evolution/
Troy, Con i Laugh with Hugh Troy: Worlds greatest practical joker: A happy memoir. Wyomissing, Penn.: Trojan Books, 1983, 192pp. LOC: Del Mar College (Corpus Christi, TX). A cousins memoir of infamous American practical joker Hugh Troy (1906-1964). See also Smith (1954), Jones (1957), and Moss (1977). FIELDS: 1-Star/Hoax/Biography/
Troy, Thomas F. iii The Correct Definition of Intelligence, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.5, No.4 (Winter 1991-1992), 433-454. LOC: NPS. Here it is up front: intelligence is ... knowledge of the enemy (p.433). A brilliant paper not just because it was provocative but because it was perceptive to the point of predicting Americas post-9/11 intelligence morass. In 22 scholarly pages he says all that needs be said on his subject, avoiding those unhelpful long-winded definitions about product, process, planning, and decision-making. Indeed read only the first and last two pages of his main text. If that subject had been Counterdeception or even Deception Id have given 4 Stars. Troy is a retired CIA staff historian. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/INTEL/Dictionary/ Macdonald (2001)
True, Bev-Lorraine, and Robert H. Dreisbach i Dreisbachs Handbook of Poisoning: Prevention, Diagnosis and Training. 13th Edition, Boca Raton, FL: The Parthenon Publishing Group, 2001, viii+696pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno. Comprehensive but mainly about accidental rather than criminal poisoning. The first edition had been published in 1955 and soon became a classic. More relevant for our purposes is Trestrail (2000). See also Stevens (1990) and Klaassen (2001). Dr. True (PharmD & MD) and Dr. Dreisbach (PhD & MD) were both at the University of Washington in Seattle. REV: A. A. In his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.3, No.1 (Jan-Jun 2002). FIELDS: 1-Star/Toxicology/
Truscott, Alan (1925- ) iii The Great Bridge Scandal. New York: Yarborough Press, 1969, 331pp. LOC: San Diego PL; Eugene (OR) PL. The most detailed analysis of the detection of the alleged cheating by the British team of Reese and Shapiro during the 1965 World Bridge Championship in Buenos Aires. The author proves the case against his two fellow Britons beyond all but the most remote
doubt. Truscott himself a world champion bridge player for Britain in 1962, witnessed the 1965 tournament as a reporter for The New York Times. FIELDS: 3-Star/Games/
Truzzi, Marcello (1935-2003) iii The Sociology and Psychology of Hoaxes, in Stein (1993), 291-297. Makes the dubious claim that: Because the hoax involves the duping of a hoaxee by a hoaxer, it fundamentally describes a social relationshipoccurring between two or more actorsthat is irreducible to a single individual. ... Thus, the hoax is by definition a sociological rather than a psychological unit of analysis, and any comprehensive understanding of it must involve a sociological or social psychological theory. (P.291) Dr. Truzzi (1970 Cornell PhD in Sociology) was a leading Italo-Russian student of parapsychology, rather less skeptical than he claimed. In 1976 co-founded (with Paul Kurtz) CSICOP. Taught sociology at Eastern Michigan University 1970-1985. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Hoax/
Lyons & Truzzi (1991)
Tsai, Amy C., Sarah K. Morsbach, Elizabeth F. Loftus iii In Search of Recovered Memories, in ODonohue & Levensky (2004), 555-577. A survey study that concludes: If the research is to move ahead, proponents of recovered memory will eventually have to develop a testable theory of the mechanisms of repression that distinguishes it from ordinary forgetting and recall. Otherwise it may turn out to be a catchy idea that in the long run has barely advanced our understanding of memory beyond what we already know about it. (p.574) See also McHugh (1993), Ofshe & Watters (1994), Loftus (1994), and Lynn & others (2003). FIELDS: 3-Star/Memory/
Tuchman, Barbara W. (1912-1989) ii The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam. New York: Alfred A, Knopf, 1984, xvi+447pp. A magisterial survey by a Pulitzer Prize American historian of what Orwell called "protective stupidity" when he applied it to politicians but what psychologists usually call self-deception. Her conclusions are, I believe, somewhat more pessimistic than if she had included more counter-examples among her case studies. See also Charles Fair, From the Jaws of Victory (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1971), for a comparable but less serious study of history's worst generals; Cohen & Gooch (1990) for some practical and optimistic lessons learned; Perry (1996), for some largely overlooked examples; Durschmied (2002); and D. Johnson (2004) for a possibly definitive explanation of military incompetence. FIELDS: 2-Star/Military/
Tugwell, Maurice A. J. (1925- ) SEE UNDER: Charters & Tugwell (1990)
Tunander, Ola (1948- ) ii The Secret War against Sweden: US and British Submarine Deception and Political Control in the 1980s. London: Frank Cass, 2004, xviii+358pp. Foreword by Brigadier-General Lars Hansson. LOC: NPS. A controversial but interesting case study in counterdeception in which the author uncovers strong but not quite conclusive evidence that the mystery submarine detected and tracked in Swedish water in October 1982 was not, as widely presumed, a Soviet but rather a US-British deception operation. Tunander is a member of the International Peace Research Institute in Oslo, Norway. FIELDS: 2-Star/Sweden/
Trr, Karina iii Flschungen antiker Plastik seit 1800. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1984, 267pp. LOC: Congress; U of Illinois; Oxford; Warburg. A veritable catalog of classical sculptures forged since 1800. Additionally valuable because the compiler has deeply mined many otherwise obscure German sources in her extensive bibliography. The author is a German art historian specialized in sculpture. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/
Turing, A. M. (1912-1954) iii Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind: A Quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy, Vol.59, No.236 (Oct 1950), 433-460. LOC: BW (copy). The clever and amusing paper that first posed and analyzed the question, Can machines think? and set the rules for his imitation game (now known as the Turing Test) whereby a human tries by Q&A to detect whether he is interrogating another human or a computer. This game instantly created the entire new field of artificial intelligence (AI). See also Langley & Simon (1987), Boden (1990), and Perkins (2000). Dr. Alan Turing (1936 Princeton PhD in ordinal logic) was the English mathematician who pioneered in computer theory, working during WW II at Bletchley Hall on breaking the German Enigma code and developing the first electronic digital computers. FIELDS: 3-Star/Computers/Interrogation/
Turner, Ralph F. (1917-1994), with a chapter by Ordway Hilton (1913-1981) Forensic Science and Laboratory Technics. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1949, xxv+240pp. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento. Now thoroughly outdated but weak (1-Star) from the beginning, given its negligible historical background (no Locard Exchange, etc). Of the 14 chapters Hilton contributed Chapter 11 (Documents). Mr. Turner (BS in chemistry from Wisconsin and MS in Police Admin from USC), a former Kansas City PD forensic lab supervisor, was an Associate Professor of Criminalistics at MSU. FIELDS: 0-Star/Forensics/
Tuthill, Harold ii Individualization: Principles and Procedures in Criminalistics. Salem, Oregon: Lightning Powder Company, Inc., 1994, 134pp. Claims to be the first textbook to attempt to identify and teach the first principles of criminalistics. Astonishingly, this recent claim is close to the truth, barring perhaps only the earlier contributions of Locard and Kirk. Now a standard text, the outgrowth of the training manual developed by the author and others at the Ontario Centre of Forensic Science in the Ontario Police College, Canada. See also Inman & Rudin (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/ID/
Tversky, Amos (1937-1996) iii Preference, Belief, and Similarity: Selected Writings. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2004, xvi+1023pp. Edited by Eldar Shafir. LOC: NPS. Monumental collection of 40 key articles originally published by Tversky, a highly creative Israeli mathematical psychologist who immigrated to the USA. FIELDS: 3-Star/Psychology/
________, and Daniel Kahneman (1934- ) ii Belief in the Law of Small Numbers, Psychological Bulletin, Vol.76 (1971), 105-110. Reprinted in Tversky (2004), 193-201. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Psychology/Logic/
Kahneman, Slovic, Tversky (1982).
Twigge, Stephen, and Len Scott i Strategic Defence by Deception, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.16, No.2 (Summer 2001), 152-157. LOC: NPS. A modest but interesting effort. Twigge is a Research Fellow at University College, London. Scott is a Reader in International Affairs at the University of Wales. Both specialize in strategic studies. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/
Twining, David Thomas i Strategic Surprise in the Age of Glasnost. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1992, vii+309pp. LOC: NPS. Although its focus is now obsolescent, scores a few relevant points. See particularly Chapter 3 (The Taxonomy of Surprise), 53-73, for an inconclusive jumbling of Whaley, Glantz, Handel, Knorr, Betts, Morgan, & Heuer. Dr. Twining was an American political scientist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Surprise/Military/
Twining, William, and Iain Hampsher-Monk (1946- ) (editors) ii Evidence and Inference in History and Law: Interdisciplinary Dialogues. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2003, 354pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno. A collection of 9 essays by 9 scholars, of which see particularly Schum (2003). And see also Robertson-Vignaux (1995), Allen (2001), and Lipton (2004). Prof. Twining is a British legal scholar who alternates between Britain and the USA at teaching law. Mr. Hampsher-Monk is Professor of Politics at the University of Exeter. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/Historiography/
Tyler, Varro E[ugene] (1926-2001) iii Philatelic Forgers: Their Lives and Works. Revised edition, Sidney, Ohio: Linns Stamp News, 1991, x+165pp. LOC: BW; U of Florida; Oxford. Biographical sketches of 150 forgers of postage stamps from the earliest days to the present. Fully documented. A revision of the original 1976 edition of iv+60pp. Dr. Tyler was an American academic pharmacologist and postage stamp buff who specialized on forgeries. FIELDS: 3-Star/Stamps/Biography/
ii Focus on Forgeries: A Guide to Forgeries of Common Stamps. Second Edition, Sydney, Ohio: Linns Stamp News, 2000, xiv+330pp. LOC: Congress; Jefferson County PL (Lakewood, CO); Flathead County PL (Kalispell, MT). Details of 321 international forgeries, arrayed alphabetically by country, as revised by the author from the original articles that appeared in his fortnightly Focus on Forgeries column in Linns Stamp News. Although Dr. Tyler reports many different types of incongruities in the forgeries, he never draws them together into a single typology. The 1st edition (1993, x+158pp) covered only 150 forgeries. FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/
-UUbelaker, Dr. Douglas (1946- ), & Henry Scammell ii Bones: A Forensic Detectives Casebook. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1992, xiii+317pp. Also in PB. Ubelaker is a forensic anthropologist with the Smithsonian Institution and Scammell is a freelance crime writer. See also Gerasimov (1971), Stewart (1979), Joyce & Stover (1991), and Maples (1994). REV: A. A. In his Anil Aggrawals Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Vol.2 No.1 (Jan-Jun 2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Anthropology/Forensics/
Uchii, Soshichi (1943- ) iii Sherlock Holmes and Probabilistic Induction. A paper read 24 Sep 1991 at the Lunchtime Colloquium of the Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, and last modified 26 Feb 1999. LOC: http://bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~suchii/holmes_1.html. On Holmes as a Bayesian analyst. Uchii is a Japanese philosopher of science at Kyoto University, Japan. FIELDS: 3-Star/Logic/Statistics/
Ulam, S[tanislaw] M. (1909-1984) iii Adventures of a Mathematician. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1976, xi+317pp. LOC: San Diego PL. Thoughtful autobiography of the famous Polish mathematician and co-inventor (with Edward Teller) of the Nuclear Bomb. FIELDS: 3-Star/Science/Biography/
Union Franaise des Experts Vrai ou faux: lexpertise des objects dart et de collection. Paris: Union Franaise des Experts, Jan 1001, 201pp. LOC: Congress; not seen. On art expertising. FIELDS: ?-Star/Art/Experts/
United States General Accounting Office i Money Laundering: Rapid Growth of Casinos Makes Them Vulnerable. Washington, D.C.: GAO, Jan 1996, 51pp. FIELDS: 1-Star/Accountancy/
i Counterfeit U.S. Currency Abroad. Washington, D.C.: GAO, Feb 1996, 74pp. Survey limited to paper money. FIELDS: 1-Star/Currency/
U.S. Air Force Air University Library Deception in Warfare. SEE UNDER: U.S. Army FM SEE UNDER: FM Seymour (1998)
U.S. Army Military History Institute i Deception and Surprise: Tactical/Strategic: A Working Bibliography. Revised to Apr 1992, 11pp. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. The first edition of this basic bibliography appeared in Oct 1989. FIELDS: 1-Star/Surprise/
U.S. Department of the Air Force AFR 55-40 (Deception in Support of Tactical Operations). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 4 Oct 1979. FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/
U.S. Department of the Army, Headquarters SEE UNDER: FM (for the various Field Manuals) U.S. Marine Corps Operational Handbook 7-13 (Military Deception). Quantico, VA: Marine Corps Development and Education Command, 1986, 107pp (total pagings). LOC: Marine Corps Research Center. FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/Military/
-VVan Cise, Philip S. (1884- ) i Fighting the Underworld. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1936, 369pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. Reprinted 1968. Detailed account of perhaps the biggest big con ever, when beginning slowly in 1880 and continuing until 1923 the entire city and county of Denver, Colorado, was operated by a large (500-member) gang as a Big Store that controlled gambling, bookmaking, policy, prostitution, stock fraud, and other con games. The author, a lawyer, was District Attorney from 1920 through the trial, conviction, and sentencing of the 20 main players in 1923. See also Norfleet (1924). For more on con artistry see also Gibson (1927), Maurer (1940), Weil (1948), Maurer (1955), Campion (1957), Berton (1963), Blum (1972), Stein (1973), Carey & Sherman (1976), Nash (1976), Leff (1976), Smith (1997), Whitlock (1997), Abagnale (2000), and Marlock (2001). FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/Fraud/
Van Dantzig, M. M. (1903-1960) Frans Hals: Echt of Onecht [Frans Hals: True or False]. Amsterdam: H. J. Paris, 1937, 115pp. LOC: Getty Center; not seen. Here the author first applies his new pictology method to the paintings of a specific painter, Frans Hals (died 1666), as shown in a 1937 exhibition of 116 works attributed to him. Van Dantzig authenticated only 33 of these, a judgment wildly disputed at the time but now quietly accepted. The Rotterdam-born author, Maurits Michel Mau van Dantzig was a painter and restorer of paintings. In Dutch. FIELDS: ?-Star/Painting/Methodology/Biography/
Vincent? A new method of identifying the artist and his work and of unmasking the forger and his products. Amsterdam: Keesing, 1953, 147pp. LOC: Getty; Yale; Warburg; not seen. Pictology applied to paintings by and attributed to Vincent van Gogh. See Cole (1955), 174-175. FIELDS: ?-Star/Painting/Biography/
iii Pictology: An Analytical Method for Attribution and Evaluation of Pictures. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1973, xiii+111pp+59 plates. Preface by Thomas S. Buechner. LOC: BW; Getty. A posthumous account of the authors controversial pictology theory based on various of his writings as compiled and edited by nine of his friends and students. See also Storm (1979). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Painting/Methodology/ID/
Van de Castle, Robert L. ii Our Dreaming Mind. New York: Ballantine Books, 1994, xxv+546pp. LOC: Monterey PL. A dated but still most comprehensive survey of the history and nature of dreams. Relevant here is his material on lucid and creative dreams. I find the enthusiastic author insufficiently skeptical of psychic claims by the likes of Cayce and much of the self-help New Age razzle-dazzle of Castenada and other charlatans. So approach this book with caution. Dr. Van de Castle (1959 U of North Carolina PhD in clinical psychology) is a 35year veteran of dream research, retiring as Director of the University of Virginia Medical Schools Sleep & Dream Laboratory. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Sleep/
Van de Leur, Walter ii Something to Live For: The Music of Billy Strayhorn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, xxiii+328pp. A systematic analysis of the musical fingerprints of American jazz composer Strayhorn (1915-1967). Here these serve specifically to distinguish Strayhorns contributions from those of Duke Ellington for whom hed worked as composer-arranger. Van de Leur substantially proves that this is a general analytical method applicable to all musical compositions. Van de Leur is a noted Dutch musicologist, composer, and director. FIELDS: 2-Star/Music/Biography/
Van de Waal, H[enri] (1910-1972), Th[omas] Wrtenberger (1907- ), W. Froentjes i Aspects of Art Forgery. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962, x+53pp. Foreword by J. M. van Bemmelen. LOC: Getty; MOMA; Princeton; Florida State U; U of Toronto; British L. The three reports from a symposium on the subject organized by the Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology of the University of Leiden, Holland. Prof. Dr. Van de Waals Forgery as a Stylistic Problem, Prof. Dr. Wrtenbergers Criminological and Criminallaw Problems of the Forging of Paintings, and Prof. Dr. Froentjess Criminalistic Aspects of Art of Forgery. FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/Criminology/
van der Waerden, B[artel] L[eendert] (1903-1996) ii Inspiration and Thinking in Mathematics, in Groner, Groner, & Bischof (1983), 69-77. On conscious logical thinking and unconscious intuition (inspiration). See also Poincar (1913), Plya (1945), and Hadamard (1945). Dr. van der Waerden was a Dutch mathematician. FIELDS: 2-Star/Logic/Intuition/Math/
van Gulik, R[obert] H[ans] (translator) (1910-1967) iii Dee Goong An: Three Murder Cases Solved by Judge Dee. Tokyo: privately printed by Toppan Printing Co., 1949, iv+iv+237pp. LOC: U of Hong Kong. Photo-reprinted as Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee (New York: Dover, 1976, xxiii+237pp). Also translated into Japanese (1951) and Chinese (1953).
On the detective in classical China. Translation by Dr. Van Gulik of the Wu-tse-tien-szuta-chi-an, an anonymous novel written around 1750. Most important for Van Guliks scholarly Preface (pp.i-xxiii) and Postscript (pp.225-237), which give the factual basis for the old tradition of Chinese detective fiction. Dr. Van Gulik was a distinguished Dutch sinologist and diplomat. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Fiction/China/Biography/
Kuei (1211/1956 tr) Lu [1958]
Van Kirk, Donald J. ii Vehicular Accident Investigation and Reconstruction. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001, xxv+481pp. LOC: Cal State U (LA). Before publishing this text Mr. Van Kirk was a 15-year forensic engineering consultant following 20 years as a senior engineer with the Ford Motor Company. See also Peters & Peters (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Accidents/
Van Meegeren, Han (1889-1947) SEE UNDER: Godley (1950) Van Vleet, John Anton ii Tactical Military Deception. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, September 1985, 258pp. LOC: BW (copy); NPS. Mainly a secondary analysis of the raw coded data on tactical cases in Whaleys Stratagem. This was Major (USA) Van Vleets MS thesis in Systems Engineering at the Naval Postgraduate School. Hed graduated West Point in 1974. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Military
Varnedoe, J. Kirk T. (1946- ) SEE UNDER: Elsen & Varnedoe (1971) Vaughan, Frances E. Awakening Intuition. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday,1979, vi+228pp. LOC: Hartnell College (Salinas, CA). Ill let this one book stand for all those self-help books that teach intuition as some kind of New Age psychic power. Others include Mona Lisa Schutzs Awakening Intuition: Using Your Mind-Body Network for Insight and Healing (1998) and Rupert Sheldrakes The Sense of Being Stared At (2003). A well-deserved damning critique of Vaughans book is Hogarth (2001), 280-281. Dr. Vaughan (PhD in psychology), an American, is a New Age clinical psychologist who specializes in transpersonal psychotherapy. She asserts that, Intuition is true by definition, attributing all wrong perceptions to either self-deception or wishful-thinking. And that some people get information and know things intuitively by means other than the usual sensory channels. FIELDS: 0-Star/Intuition/
Vayson de Pradenne, A[ndr] (1888-1939) ii Les Fraudes en Archologie Prhistorique; avec quelques exemples de comparaison en archologie gnrale et sciences naturelles. Paris: mile Nourry, 1932, 676pp. LOC: Getty; Brigham Young U; Warburg. Reprinted, Grenoble: J. Millon, 1993, 512pp. LOC: Yale; U de Montral. A wide-ranging study of various types of fakery by a young French mining engineer and pre-historian. Was undeceived by the infamous Glozel fakes in 1927. Substantially updated by Rieth (1970). See also Hamblin (1970). FIELDS: 2-Star/Archaeology/
Vegetius Renatus, Flavius (4th century) De Re Militari. ca.390 AD. ii English translation by Lieutenant John Clarke as The Military Institutions of the Romans, in Major Thomas R. Phillips (editor), Roots of Strategy: A Collection of Military Classics (Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service Publishing Company, 1940), 65-175. LOC: NPS; Internet. Offprint as The Military Institutions of the Romans. 114pp. LOC: NPS. A classical Latin work on the Roman military. Significantly, he was Machiavellis most influential military source. REV: Sheldon (2003), 140. FIELDS: 2-Star/Rome/
iii Verbatim Transcript of Stratagem Conference, Pentagon, 21 June 1971. Syracuse: Syracuse University Research Corporation, 1971, 180pp. LOC: BW. Host and Chairman: Lt. Col. (USAF) Leonard E. Durham, Special Operations Officer for the JCS Joint Staff. Members of the SURC staff then involved in deception research: Howard K. Alberts (Col. USMC Ret.), Albert L. Jones (Col. USMC Ret.), Leo N. Huddlestone (SURC Project Coordinator), A. R. Spadaro (SURC physicist and analyst), Clement T. Tamraz (Lt. Col. USAF Ret.). Interviewees (all had been senior US deception planners for the European Theater in WW II): William H. Baumer (Maj. Gen. US Army Ret.), Prof. H. Wentworth Eldridge, William A. Harris (Maj. Gen. US Army Ret.). FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/USA/
Vertzberger, Yaacov Y. I. ii The World in Their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition, and Perception in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990, viii+447pp. LOC: Monterey Institute of International Studies. Recommended by Pfaltzgraff & Sawicki. Prof. Vertzberger had taken his PhD in international relations in 1979 from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. FIELDS: 2-Star/Perception/
Vickers, Brian (1937- ) iii Shakespeare, Co-Author: A Historical Study of Five Collaborative Plays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, xvii+558pp. LOC: Monterey PL; U of Hong Kong. Generally the most up-to-date and comprehensive multi-method analysis of texts to establish authorship. See also Ellegrd (1962a & 1962b), Mosteller & Wallace (1964), Morton (1978), Whaley, Gardner, & Busby (1991), and the inexcusably weak Foster (2000). Vickers specifically applies content analyses to modern data-bases to establish who wrote which portions of Titus Andronicus (a third by George Peele), Timon of Athens (two-fifths by Thomas Middleton), Pericles (two of the five acts by George Wilkins)), Henry VIII (more than half by John Fletcher), and The Noble Kinsmen (three-fifths by Fletcher). Professor Vickers was Director of Renaissance Studies at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. FIELDS: 3-Star/Statistics/Documents/
Vidal-Naquet, Pierre (1930- ) ii The Black Hunter and the Origin of the Athenian Ephebia, reprinted as Chapter Five in the authors The Black Hunter: Forms of Thought and Forms of Society in the Greek World (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 106-128. English translation of the authors Le chasseur noir (1981). Foreword by Bernard Knox. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz; Oxford. This essay exposes the hypocritical acceptance of deceptive military tactics taught to and practiced by the young Greek soldiers of the hoplite phalanx contrary to their sworn oaths to forego such immoral behavior. English classicist Bernard Knox dubbed this a brilliant essay. Vidal-Naquet was a French historian, specialized on ancient Greece. Most widely known for his exposs of the use of torture by the French Army and police in Algeria from 1954 to 1962. FIELDS: 2-Star/Greece/Hypocrisy/
Vidocq, Franois Eugene (1775-1857) SEE: Edwards (1977) Morton (2004) Villiod, Eugne La Machine Voler: Etude sur les escroqueries commises dans les cercles & les casinos. Paris: by the author, 1906, 383pp. LOC: Congress; British L; U of London. iii English translation as The Stealing Machine. Las Vegas, NV: The Gamblers Book Club, 1976, 221pp. Translated by Russell T. Barnhart. LOC: BW3; UC-Berkeley. A then state-of-the-art expos of the techniques of Parisian and provincial card cheats. Highly recommended by magician and expert on gambling cheating Jeff Busby. Villiod was a detective in Paris with the Gaming Squad of the Ministry of Finance. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Games/
Vinten-Johansen, Peter, Howard Brody, Nigel Paneth, Stephen Rachman, Michael Rip ii Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, xiv+437pp. LOC: CalStateU-Los Angeles. A fine cross-disciplinary biography of English physician John Snow (1813-1858), a great pioneer in both anesthesia and epidemiology. The authors, all professors at Michigan State University, are, respectively, a European intellectual historian, a philosopher-MD, an epidemiologist, a literary & cultural historian, and a medical geographer-epidemiologist. FIELDS: 2-Star/Epidemiology/Biography/
Vollmer, August (1876-1955) ii Revision of the Atcherley Modus Operandi System, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol.10 (Aug 1919), 229-274. LOC: BW (copy). On the pioneering application of the M.O. system in the USA. See Atcherley (1913). Vollmer was town marshal & police chief of Berkeley from 1905 until he retired in 1932, with time out to serve as chief of the Los Angeles PD, 1921-22. FIELDS: 2-Star/Methodology/
________, and Alfred E. Parker (1899- ) i Crime, Crooks, & Cops. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1937, 260pp. LOC: BW; UC. Autobiography. Disappointingly thin for such a truly remarkable pioneer in police administration and the teaching of criminology. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 1-Star/Police/Biography/ Carte & Carte (1975) Henderson (1924) Larson (1932) Deutsch (1955) Keeler (1983) Lee (1953)
Volpe, Robert (1942SEE UNDER:
) Adams (1974) Esterow (1988)
Voltaire (1694-1778) iii Zadig, ou, La destine: histoire orientale. 1748. LOC: Yale; Oxford. Various translations. A short satirical novel featuring French philosopher Voltaires comic character Zadig. Important for detection is Chapter 3 where (Sherlock-like) Zadig famously infers the correct and detailed description of both a dog and a horse from the trace evidence they left of their respective passages across a desert. Voltaire took his plot from his familiarity with the Oriental tale of the Three Princes of Serendip, which had recently (1712) appeared in a French translation of Christoforo Armenos Peregrinaggio di ... Serendippo (1557). See also Huxley (1880) and Merton (2004). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/Logic/Fiction/
ii Vrai ou Faux?: Copier, Imiter, Falsifier. 2nd Edition Revised, Paris: Bibliothque Nationale,1991,136pp+22 plates. LOC: Congress; U of Oregon; Oxford; Cambridge. A collection of essays published to accompany the Vrai ou Faux exhibit of Greek and Roman antiquities of 6 May-29 Oct 1988 in the Cabinet des Mdailles et Antiques at the Bibliothque Nationale, Paris. The original edition had appeared in 1988. FIELDS: 3-Star/Antiques/
Vrij, Aldert (1960- ) iiii Detecting Lies and Deceit: The Psychology of Lying and the Implications for Professional Practice. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2000, xv+254pp. LOC: BW3; Congress; Stanford; Brevard Community College (Florida). An intelligent, comprehensive, and highly readable survey of research on lying and its detection in the fine tradition set by Ekman (1985). Aimed specifically at police and legal practitioners but accessible to all. The author is a Dutch social psychologist at the University of Portsmouth, England. Based on his De Psychologie van de Leugenaar (1998). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Lying/ CLASSES: 603/
iiii Guidelines to catch a liar, in Granhag & Strmwall (2004), 287-314. A summary of the research with 15 specific guidelines for improving an interviewer or interrogators likelihood of detecting a subjects lies. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/Training/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Interrogation/Lying/ 603/
________, L. Akehurst, S. Soukara, & R. Bull ii Let me inform you how to tell a convincing story: CBCA and Reality Monitoring scales as a function of age, coaching and deception, in Porter (2004), 113-126. LOC: www.findarticles.com. Reports their studies which suggest that both Reality Monitoring scores and CBCA scores discriminate between liars and truth-tellers. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Interrogation/Lying/
Memon, Vrij, & Bull (1998) Akehurst, Bull, Vrij, Khnken (2004)
-WWachter, Robert M, & Kaveh G. Shojania ii Internal Bleeding: The Truth Behind Americas Terrifying Epidemic of Medical Mistakes. New York City: Rugged Land, 2004, 441pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. Better than suggested by its hysterical title and sub-title. See also Gawande (2002). The authors are physicians at UC-San Francisco. FIELDS: 2-Star/Medicine/Accidents/
Wadlington, Warwick (1938- ) ii The Confidence Game in American Literature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975, xii+331pp. LOC: Cornell; Loma Linda U. On tricksters & deception in American literature, with particular reference to Herman Melville, Mark Twain, and Nathaniel West. See also Lenz (1985). FIELDS: Wagner, Markus SEE UNDER: 2-Star/Fiction/Con/
Dershowitz (2002)
Wagner, Walter (1927- ) i The Golden Fleecers. New York: Garden City: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966, viii+278pp. LOC: Broward Community College (Ft. Lauderdale, Florida). A weak popular history of scams and con games in California. FIELD: 1-Star/Con/ Wakeling, T. G. i Forged Egyptian Antiquities. London: Adam & Charles Black, 1912, 154pp. LOC: Congress; Warburg Institute. A superficial early account of the large-scale business that ran (and still runs) from fake scarabs to fake mummies. See also Lilyquist (2003). FIELDS: 1-Star/Antiques/Egypt/
Waldron, Ann (1924- ) ii True or False? Amazing Art Forgeries. New York: Hastings House Publishers, 1983, 158pp. LOC: BW. Good popular book for teenagers by an American ex-journalist, editor, and writer of childrens fiction. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
Walker, David E. (1907-1968) i The Modern Smuggler. London: Secker & Warburg, 1960, 252pp. A sketchy survey of international smuggling. Note also the authors important memoir of WW II service with the British SOE and PWE, Lunch with a Stranger (1957). In all, Walker spent seven years in British secret services while working undercover as a foreign correspondent for the London Daily Mirror. FIELDS: 1-Star/Smuggling/
Walker III, Sydney, M.D. (1931- ) i A Dose of Sanity: Mind, Medicine, and Misdiagnosis. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996, 260pp. A neuropsychiatrists pessimistic view of shrinkage. See also Ziskin (1995), Dorpat (1996), Hangen (1997), and Kutchins & Kirk (1997) and compare Hamstra (1994). FIELDS: 1-Star/Psychotherapy/
Wallace, Irving (1916-1990) ii The Fabulous Originals: Lives of Extraordinary People Who Inspired Memorable Characters in Fiction. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956, xii+317. LOC: Modesto Junior College. Chapter II (The Real Sherlock Holmes) is the best short summary of the evidence about Conan Doyles teacher of medical diagnostics, Dr. Joseph Joe Bell. Wallace was a best-selling and prolific but competent American non-fiction writer. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/Biography/
Wallas, Graham (1858-1932) i The Art of Thought. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1926, 314pp. An early analysis of creative thinking by an English political scientist and sociologist. Inspired mainly by Helmholtz and Poincar (1907). See also Osborn (1948) and Wertheimer (1959). FIELDS: 1-Star/Creativity/
Walley, Liz, and Mike Smith iii Deception in Selection. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1998, xiii+272pp. LOC: CalStateU-Fresno; U of Hong Kong. On detecting deception during the process of employee selection and screening. The most advanced text on that specialty. See also Ford (1998). The authors are occupational psychologists at the Manchester School of Management, England. FIELDS: 3-Star/Lying/
Walls, H. J. (1907-1988) i Expert Witness: My thirty years in forensic science. London: John Long, 1972, 208pp. Foreword by Keith Simpson. LOC: BW. U.S. edition as Scotland Yard Scientist: My Thirty Years in Forensic Science. New York: Taplinger, 1973, 208pp. Dr. Hamish Walls, a Scot and a chemist, had served the Metropolitan Police Science Laboratory in 1936-46 and then as its Director 1964-69. He also wrote a standard introductory textbook on the subject, Forensic Science (1968). See also Brownlie (1984), 34-42; Paul (1990); and Kelly (1998). FIELDS: 1-Star/Forensics/Experts/
Walsh, John [Evangelist] (1927- ) i Poe the Detective: The Curious Circumstances Behind The Mystery of Marie Roget. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1968, 154pp. Edgar Allan Poes failed attempt in 1842 to solve the real-life murder in 1841 of Mary Rogers in New York City. Mr. Walsh is a former newspaperman. See also Wilcocks (1994). FIELDS: 1-Star/Biography/
ii Unraveling Piltdown: The Science Fraud of the Century and Its Solution. New York: Random House, 1996, 279pp. A worthwhile book despite its misleading title. Weiner (1955) had long before definitively detected that Piltdown Man was an archaeological fraud. The only mystery that remained for Walsh to unravel was who done it? He concludes that Charles Dawson worked this grand hoax alone, abetted at most by a self-serving and hence self-deceived Arthur Smith Woodward. Of half-dozen or so co-conspirator theories, notably Spencer (1990), Walshs is the most elegant and most convincing. See also Russell (2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/Archaeology/Fraud/
Walters, Stan B. ii Principles of Kinesic Interview and Interrogation. Boca Raton: Florida: CRC Press, 1996, xii+254pp. LOC: FBI Academy; U of Toronto. Supplements the usual verbal techniques with detailed instruction on how to understand the vocabulary of body language (kinesics). Mainly inspired (p.7) by Dr. Ray L. Birdwhistles classic Introduction to Kinesics (1952) which theorized that our verbal and body languages are so closely linked that we can infer one from the other. As with Inbau (1986), Walters believes in the reliable ability to detect deception from visual clues to a degree that is contradicted by Ekman (1985) and Shuy (1999). Mr. Walters, with a BA in sociology and a BS in criminal justice, was a private security consultant with two decades experience in the subject. FIELDS: Waltz, Ed SEE: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Bennett & Waltz (2005)
Wang, Yuanjun (1965- ) Wen ren zuo wei. Beijing: Hua wen chu ban she, 1997, 231pp. LOC: Chinese U of Hong Kong; not seen. Reportedly on the forgery of Chinese paintings and calligraphy. See also Zrcher (1955), Xu (1984), Yang (1996), Smith & Fong (1999), and Whitfield (2002). FIELDS: ?-Star/Painting/China/
Ward, David S. (1947- ) i The Sting. 25 Dec 1973 (release date), USA, Universal Pictures Color/129 minutes. Producers: Tony Bill and Michael & Julia Phillips. Director: George Roy Hill. Writer: David S. Ward. Technical adviser: John Scarne. Cast: Paul Newman (Henry Gondorff), Robert Redford (Johnny Hooker), Robert Shaw (Doyle Lonnegan). LOC: Available on commercial video. A fiction movie, one of the best on con artistry. Out for vengeance, young Hooker recruits retired con artist Gondorff to mastermind a Big Con to bilk crime boss Lonnegan out of a fortune. Despite critical pans, this delightful movie won public acclaim and 7 Oscars including Best Film, Directing, Music, and Original Screenplay. It became the highest grossing movie of 1974 ($160 million). American screenwriter Ward had been working at an educational movie production company when he wrote his first screenplay, Steelyard Blues and sold it to Hollywood producer Tony Billy. Ward had included a pickpocketing scene and this inspired him to begin reading about various types of con artists. His reading included Maurer (1940), a superb academic study of that crafty art. Professor Maurer was a distinguished linguist who specialized in jargons of the American underworld and his book featured not only all the main elements of Wards scam but also names of characters similar to real con artists (thus Maurers Charley Gondorff becomes Wards Henry Gondorff). Then, in 1971, Ward showed his The Sting script to Tony Billy who promptly brought in the wife-husband producer team of Julia & Michael Phillips and the three of them proceeded to produce both films. Stings extraordinary success led Ward to move permanently into full-time screenwriting. Although the real-world Gondorf [sic] brothers operated their Big Store (which was specifically a wire store) con in New York City from 1900 to 1920, Ward moved that sting forward to the 1930s. The Stings music was memorable, bringing Scott Joplin's ragtime music back to the top of the record charts. Now, these Joplin rags had been composed in the 1910-1915 period, contemporaneous with the Gondorfs wire. Consequently, I was amused by the too-clever critics who corrected as anachronistic Stings use as background music of Joplins old rags as background into the 30s. I suppose they would have required Stanley Kubrick to drop Richard Strausss rousing symphonic Zarathustra of 1896 and substitute music that hadnt been composed yet for his futuristic movie, 2001. The movie provoked a nasty lawsuit from Professor Maurer for plagiarism, which was settled by copyright transfer to Universal Studios. Technical Adviser John Scarne's hands double for Newman's in the cardsharping warm-up for Newman's poker game with Shaw. Moreover, Scarne had promised bit parts to his magician colleagues Dai Vernon and Francis Carlyle. REFERENCE: Dai Vernon in Genii (Mar 1973), 106; Darwin Ortiz, The Annotated Erdnase (1991), 63. FIELDS: 1-Star/Fiction/Cinema/Con/
Warner, Michael Wanted: A Definition of Intelligence, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.46, No.3 (2002). iii Reprinted in Williams & Lipetz (2005), 199-209. The best effort to date to define intelligence. Warner surveys the previous efforts at definition. During this survey he rejects, among others, the definitions by Kent (1946 & 1949), Laqueur (1985), CIA (1999), JCS (2001), Shulsky & Schmitt (2002) concludes that the best had already been given in 1958 by the pseudonymous CIA ops officer H. A. Random. Recognizing that the essential defining characteristic of intelligence is secrecy he came up with a definition that Warner simplifies to read, Intelligence is secret, state activity to understand or influence foreign entities. I find that to be still far too limited. It is too narrow because it is overly parochial in viewing the world only from within a governmental organization. It overlooks the secret intelligence equally necessary for: 1) private (non-state) industrial espionage; 2) understanding and influencing domestic entities such the IRA, ETA, or FRAC; 3) understanding secret non-state activity (by terrorist, criminal, or corporate entities) to understand and influence states; or 4) understanding secret non-state activity (by one terrorist, criminal, or corporate entity to understand and influence other competing terrorist, criminal, or corporate entities. Examples: one Palestinian terrorist faction against another, one Columbian drug lords organization against another, one political parties dirty tricks against another, or one corporation against another. Accordingly, I would amend Random and Warner to read: Intelligence is the secret collection and analysis of information by one actor to understand or influence another actor. Of course, as Warner notes in passing, the term intelligence also refers to the organization, hence my formulation as Intelligence as an organization is any actor that engages in this process. Dr. Warner (Chicago PhD in History), a frequent contributor to Studies in Intelligence, has been a CIA historian since 1992. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/INTEL-industry/Dictionary/
Warren, Richard M., and Roslyn P. Warren iii Helmholtz on Perception: Its Physiology and Development. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1968, 277pp. On the important contribution of the great German physicist, Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894), to perception theory. See also Wallas (1926) and Gregory (1973). FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/Biography/
Wason, Peter "Reasoning," in B. M. Foss (editor), New Horizons in Psychology (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966). LOC: not seen. First publication of the Wason Selection Test, which British psychologist Wason devised to test Popper's theory that the scientific method was hypothetic-deductive. His test was intended to discover whether ordinary people seek evidence that could falsify their hypotheses. He presumed they would, but his own experiments over the subsequent 25 years found that less than 25% of people are good at detecting violations of rules of the supposedly simple conditional If P then Q type. See Cosmides & Tooby (1997) and Pinker (1997), 336. FIELDS: ?-Star/Logic/
Wasserman, Benno iii The Failure of Intelligence Predictions, Political Studies, Vol.8, No.2 (Guilford: 1960), 156-169. Asks why governments are in practice so often surprised, when in theory such surprise should not be possible. See also Dahl (2002). FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/INTEL/
Watson, Peter (1943- ) ii Double-Dealer: How five art dealers, four policemen, three picture restorers, two auction houses and a journalist plotted to recover some of the worlds most beautiful stolen pictures. London: Hutchinson, 1983, 264pp. LOC: BW. U.S. edition as The Caravaggio Conspiracy. New York: Doubleday, 1984, 321pp. Watson, an English print journalist (specialized in psychology and art history) with the London Times, investigated the art theft market from 1979 to 1982 by masquerading as unscrupulous art dealer A. John Blake. This book won the 1983 Gold Dagger Award from the Crime Writers Association. See also Adams (1974) and McLeave (1981). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/
ii Sothebys: The Inside Story. New York: Random House, 1997, 324pp. Also translated into French. Expos of the troubled old British auction houses shoddy practices since its purchase in 1983 by wealthy American developer of shopping centers, A. Alfred Taubman. Sothebys then profited substantially thru the mid-1990s from secretly handling stolen, smuggled, and forged art and antiquities. Generated much embarrassing publicity, including TV specials on Channel 4 in Britain and 60 Minutes in the USA. But this was merely the tip of festering lawlessness and deception at Sothebys, the full measure of which finally emerged in 2000 when the company was fined $45 million and agreed to repay $256 million it had bilked over the previous 8 years from its clients (both auction sellers and buyers). See also Adams (1974), McLeave (1981), and Spiel (2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Smuggling/Theft/
Watts, Barry D. iClausewitzian Friction and Future War. Revised Edition, Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 2004, x+123pp. LOC: BW; British L; LSE. Although unoriginal, largely true and worth repeating. The first edition had been published in 1996. See particularly Chapter 6 (The Intractability of Strategic Surprise, pp.37-42), where Watts embraces the Wohlstetter camp of Pragmatic Pessimists re the inevitability of strategic surprise. See also Casti (1994) and (Wirtz (2003). Watts, a retired USAF officer (graduated USAF Academy 1965), is a senior American strategic analyst. At the time of writing both editions he was Director of Northrup-Grummon Analysis Center 1986-2005 and thence Director of Program Analysis and Evaluation of the OSD. FIELDS: 1-Star/Surprise/Military/
Watts, Duncan J. (1971- ) ii Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks between Order and Randomness. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999, xv+262pp. LOC: BW. A wide-ranging but far from comprehensive survey of the field. Adds Watts own important original contributions. A good pop-science summary is in Discovery, Vol.19, No.12 (Dec 1998). See also Pool & Kochen (1958/1978), Whaley (1961), Milgram (1967), Steele (1989), Kochen (1989), Kleinfeld (2002), Monge & Contractor (2003), and Watts (2003). Dr. Watts (Cornell PhD in Physics Theoretical & Applied Mechanics) is now (2003) an associate professor in Columbia U's Department of Sociology. He heads the "Small World Research" project that is developing "the first large scale global verification" of the SM hypothesis using e-mail sampling. The project seeks up to a halfmillion participants. A similar project is Moody (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Networks/
iii Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2003, 368pp. LOC: BW. Reflects the authors corrections, wider reading, and updates. Thereby largely replacing his previous book. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/603/ 3-Star/Networks/
Watzlawick, Paul (1921- ) iii How Real is Real? Communication, Disinformation, Confusion. New York: Random House, 1976, 266pp. LOC: BW. Includes several relevant and interesting points, some controversial but many on point. Dr. Watzlawick (1954 doctorate from the C. G. Jung Institute in Zrich), an Austrian, was a psychotherapist on the faculty of the Psychiatry Department at Stanford University since 1967. FIELD: 3-Star/Deception/Perception/ Waugh, Alec (1898-1981) iii The Small Back Room Near Baker Street, Esquire, 1953. Reprinted as Circle of Deception, in the authors collection, My Place in the Bazaar (New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1961), 215-233. A short story of espionage written in 1952, based on a WW II British Intelligence inhouse rumor of a particularly ruthless double bluff. Later made into the movie, Circle of Deception (1960), starring Bradford Dillman and Suzy Parker. English writer Alec Waugh, older and wiser and nicer brother of novelist Evelyn Waugh, had served as an Intelligence officer with the British Expeditionary Force in France in 1939-40. Then with the British Middle East Force, 1942-45. Initially in the Lebanon with the Spears Mission for a year. Finally three years in Baghdad as Captain and Major within what he cautiously described as an Intelligence organization. In fact, as revealed by David Mure (1977), this was the Persia and Iraq Centre of Intelligence
(PICI), M.I.5's local branch of which Waugh was a member of the deception planning group (32 Committee) in early 1943. FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/
Wavell, General Sir Archibald (1883-1950) ii Allenby, A Study in Greatness: The Biography of Field-Marshal Viscount Allenby of Megiddo and Felixstowe, London: G. G. Harrap, 2 volumes, 1940, 1943, 311+153pp. LOC: NPS (Vol.1); Congress; Air U; Oxford. A fine biography of Allenby (1861-1936), one of the British Armys few stratagematic generals of the Great War. Written by an officer who, as an unusually observant young major, had learned to practice his own later military deceptions by on-the-job experience serving under Allenby. FIELDS: 2-Star/Biography/
________, Field-Marshal Earl iii Ruses and Stratagems of War. 1942. Reprinted in Wavell, Soldiers and Soldiering (London: Jonathan Cape, 1953), 131-135. LOC: BW. This is the classic appreciation of deception by the one officer, Archibald Wavell, who provided Britains institutional memory of military deception that transmitted its theory and practice from WW I to WW II and from the North African front to London GHQ where it resonated with Churchills own views. Wavell originally issued this piece in July 1942. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/
Wayner, Peter (1964- ) iiii Disappearing Cryptography: Information Hiding: Steganography & Watermarking. 2nd edition, Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002, xvii+413pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Beverly Hills PL; British L. Clear, informative, even amusing. For the detection of hidden messages see Chapter 17 (Steganalysis), 303-315. See also Anderson (1996), Johnson 2000), and Cole (2003). Wayner reaches two major conclusions (p.314): 1) For every steganographic algorithm, there may be a form of steganalysis that detects it. Many of the early algorithms were relatively easy to detect because they left statistical anomalies. The newest algorithms are much more secure, but only time will tell whether they are able to withstand sophisticated analysis. 2) In the meantime the easiest way to slip by stenographic attacks is to minimize the size of the message. The smaller the message, the fewer the changes in the file and the slighter the distortion in the statistics. In this realm, as in many others, the guiding rule is Dont get greedy. When the first edition appeared in 1996, the publisher made Wayner drop the word steganography from the subtitle as being too obscure, so it appeared as Disappearing Cryptography: Being and Nothingness on the Net (Boston: AP Professional). Wayner is a widely published American computer scientist. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Cryptology/
Weaver, Warren (1894-1978) iii "Probability, Rarity, Interest, and Surprise," Scientific Monthly, Vol.67, No.6 (December 1948), 390-392. LOC: BW (copy). Useful distinctions. See also Taleb (2004). Dr. Weaver (1921 Wisconsin PhD in Mathematics) was a prominent American mathematician, civil engineer (C.E. in 1917 from Wisconsin), and science administrator with the Rockefeller Institute (1932-55) and the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research (1958-78). FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/
iii The Mathematics of Communication, Scientific American, Vol.181, No.1 (Jul 1949), 1115. LOC: BW (copy). This is the clear and concise summary that effectively popularized Shannon (1948) and his Communication Theory. Weaver somewhat enlarged this piece by adding more math in Shannon & Weaver (1949). See also Pierce (1961). Its most unfortunate that Weavers influential paper somewhat undercut Shannons key notion of redundancy because this deemphasis caused Wohlstetter (1962) and all her followers to misunderstand & misinterpret Shannons signalredundancy-noise theory by conflating signals and redundancies. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 3-Star/COMINT/Methodology/
Webley, Paul Childrens Understanding and Detection of Deception. London: LSE, 1981, 421 leaves. Doctoral dissertation from the London School of Economics. LOC: LSE; not seen. See also Rotenberg (1991). FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/Children/
________, and Margaret Burke i Childrens understanding of motives for deception, European Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.14 (1984), 455-458. LOC: BW (copy); Occidental College (Los Angeles). A rather inconsequential study which found that empathic (projective or altruistic rather than self-centered) understanding of motives for having engaged in a deception increases in children from age around 6 to age around 8. Authors are psychologists at the University of Exeter, England. FIELDS: 1-Star/Empathy/Children/
Wecht, Cyril, M.D., J.D., (1931- ), with Mark Curriden & Benjamin Wecht ii Grave Secrets. New York: A Dutton Book, 1996, xii+276pp. Introduction by Michael M. Baden & Henry C. Lee. Analyses of some famous murder cases. Dr. Wecht, a physician and lawyer, is a leading American forensic pathologist, frequently giving expert comment on American TV.
See also S. Smith (1959), Camps (1966), Helpern (1977), K. Simpson (1978), Noguchi (1983 & 1985), and Baden (1989 & 2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Forensics/Biography/
Weed, Lawrence L. (1924- ) and Lincoln Weed iiii Opening the black box of clinical judgment an overview, British Medical Journal, No.7220 (13 Nov 1999), 1279ff. LOC: BW3 (copy); Internet. The principal authors most recent paper summarizing his revolutionary efforts since 1956 to replace the conventional but error-ridden clinical records with his computerized Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) actuarial system. Despite strong resistance from most physicians, Weeds POMR and other methods have been increasingly accepted as evidence accumulates that they are far more effective at producing accurate and early diagnoses. High recommended by Frank Stechs ACH group at MITRE as generally applicable to detection. REF: The Computer Will See You Now, The Economist (8 Dec 2005). Dr. Weed (1947 MD from Columbia University) has been founding President of PKC (Problem-Knowledge Couplers) in Burlington, Vermont, since 1982. His son, Lincoln Weed, is an attorney in Washington, DC. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Medicine/Computers/Anecdote/
Weigley, J[ulie] L. (editor) i Dictionary of Deception & Surprise Terms. [Rosslyn, VA]: MATHTECH, Aug 1978, [123pp], multilithed. LOC: BW. This is the first draft of what would become Deception Research Program (1981). Miss Weigley was a young research assistant with MATHTECH. FIELDS: 1-Star/Surprise/Dictionary/
Weil, Joseph (1877-1976), as told to W. T. Brannon iii Yellow Kid Weil: The Autobiography of Americas Master Swindler. Chicago: Ziff-Davis Publishing Company, 1948, 297pp. Facsimile reprint 1974 (Dover). Among other things, Weil sold talking dogs. Recommended by Jeff Busby as the best of all autobios and bios of con artists. Sections on Weil also appear in Nash (1976). See also Maurer (1940) and Abagnale (2000). FIELDS: 3-Star/Con/Biography/
Weinberg, Steven (1933- ) ii Facing Up: Science and Its Cultural Adversaries. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001, xi+283pp. Collected essays. Prof. Weinberg, Nobel physicist (1979) currently at the University of Texas, defends science as an investigative tool against the current fad of Know-Nothing solipsists. See also Haack (1997 & 2003), Sokal & Bricmont (1997), Koertge (1998), and Brown (2001). FIELDS: 2-Star/Science/Logic/
Weiner, J. S. (1915-1982) iii The Piltdown Forgery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955, 214pp. Also PB facsimile reprint 1980. Archaeologist Weiners own account of his stunning detection and worlds first exposure of the Piltdown Man hoax. See also Walsh (1996) and Spencer (1990). FIELDS: 3-Star/Archaeology/
Weinrich, Harald (1927- ) The Linguistics of Lying & Other Essays. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005, xviii+148pp. Translated and introduced by Jane K. Brown and Marshall Brown. LOC: U of Washington; not seen. The title essay surveys the different ways by which language misrepresents reality. A translation of Linguistik der Luge (1966). Dr. Weinrich is a German scholar. FIELDS: ?-Star/Lying/
Weisberg, Robert W. ii Creativity: Beyond the Myth of Creativity. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1993, xiv+312pp. LOC: BW. Substantially extends the authors Creativity: Genius and Other Myths (1986). Surveys the literature on creativity in science, art, and music and delivers a solid critique of the Genius Theory of Creativity. It is the most solid critique but far from original. Thus Hilgard (1959), although not cited by Weisberg, had long before argued the same main point. Indeed, Weisbergs point that creativity is available to all normal humans had also itself been foreshadowed by psychologists Richard Gregory, Harold Anderson, and Abraham Maslow, psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, botanist Edmund Sinnott, architect Alden Dow, educator George Stoddard, anthropologist Margaret Mead, and even physicist Hermann von Helmholtz way back in 1867. Weisberg cites none of these predecessors. He does cite psychotherapist Rollo May, psychiatrist Carl Rogers, psychologist Max Wertheimer, and clinical psychologist P. Murray but hides their contributions in his notes, bibliography, and index. Weisberg is also clever but half-wrong in concluding that all creativity is simply normal straightforward problem solving. This is because creativity always requires shifting from straight to oblique reasoning whenever deception is present. Moreover creativity probably also needs oblique thinking for most, probably all, other situations. Why? Because our brains are quickest and most efficient when dealing with the usual congruities, but must shift up a notch to deal with the incongruities that our hypotheses must accommodate whenever we try to create any novel solutions to problems, including the detection of deception. Dr. Weisberg (1967 PhD Princeton), a cognitive psychologist, is a professor of psychology at Temple University. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Science/Art/Music
Weiss, Gus W. (ca.1931-2003) iii The Farewell Dossier, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.35, No.9 (1996), 121-126. LOC: BW (copy); Internet. On the large-scale and largely successful Soviet industrial espionage efforts in the West since 1970. Author Weiss reveals fascinating details of his planner role in the CIA/FBI/DOD planting of false technology (including rigged software) on the KGB beginning in 1982. The French and Americans had been alerted to the Soviet efforts by
French agent-in-place KGB Col. Vladimir I. Vetrov from 1981 until his discovery and execution in 1983. Dr. Weiss (NYU PhD in Economics) had been an NSC member under Nixon, Ford, and Reagan. FIELDS: 3-Star/TECHINT/INTEL-industry/Russia/
Weiss, Richard J. (1923- ), and Duane Chartier (editors) iii Fakebusters II: Scientific Detection of Fakery in Art and Philately. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2004, x+317pp. LOC: U of Texas (San Antonio); UC-Berkeley; Florida A&M. Collected papers and reprints (20 of them) presented to the symposium held at Photonics East in Boston back in 20-21 Sep 1999. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 3-Star/Art/Stamps/
McCrone & Weiss (1999) Chartier, McCrone, Weiss (2000)
Weiss, Ulrich (1908-1989), Ronald A. Brown ii An Overlooked Parallel to Kekuls Dream: The Discovery of the Chemical Transmission of Nerve Impulses by Otto Loewi, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol.64, No.9 (Sep 1987), 770771. LOC: BW (copy). A welcome footnote to the history of science. See also Benfey (1958). FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Science/Biography/
Welcome, John [pseudonym of John Brennan] (1914- ) i Cheating at Cards: The Cases in Court. London: Faber and Faber, 1963, 235pp. LOC: BW. U.S. edition as Great Scandals of Cheating at Cards: Famous Court Cases. New York: Horizon Press, 1964, 235pp. Examines three infamous 19th century law cases of slander where card cheating was alleged. Rare material for a database. The Irish author was a lawyer and writer of thrillers and crime fiction. FIELDS: 1-Star/Games/
Welles, Orson (1915-1985) iii F for Fake [French title: Vrits et Mensonges]. 1973, France, Les Films de l'Astrophore (Paris)/SACI(Tehran)/Janus Film (Munich). Color/85 minutes. Producer: Orson Welles. Director: Orson Welles. Writer: Orson Welles. Cast (all playing themselves): Orson Welles, Oja Kodar, Elmyr De Hory, Clifford Irving, Edith Irving, Franois Reichenbach, Joseph Cotten, Richard Wilson, and Howard Hughes. Made in Paris in 1970-71. The film didn't have its USA premier until Oct 1974 and was re-released in the USA in 1977. Occasionally seen on TV. Welles made this clever and ironic film exposing the thin line between truth and deception. He does this by piecing together footage from Franois Reichenbach's documentary (c.1969) on art faker De Hory and his friend and biographer Clifford Irving (whod soon become the faker of the "Howard Hughes autobiography"), outtakes from newsreels on Howard Hughes, and adding new footage of his own. Includes a discourse on conjuring and deception by Welles who also appears sporadically performing magic. Promising the audience that everything they would see
in the next hour would be true, Welles spends those 60 minutes recounting past hoaxes and magical tricks and then, in the remaining 12 minutes, tricks the viewers with his own hoax. Welles' original working titles had been "Nothing But the Truth", "Hoax", & "Fake?" REF: Bart Whaley, Orson Welles: The Man Who Was Magic (2005). FIELDS: 3-Star/Magic/Hoax/Cinema/
Wellman, Francis L. (1854-1942) ii The Art of Cross-Examination; with the cross-examinations of important witnesses in some celebrated cases. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1903, 283pp. LOC: Yale. 4th edition revised & enlarged, New York: Macmillan, 1936, 478pp. Several reprints. LOC: Yale. A classic work, the 4th & last edition having appeared in 1936 and still in print. See also Ehrlich (1970), Grano (1993), Iannuzzi (1998), and Olaoba (2000). Wellman was an assistant DA in New York City until 1894 when he went into private practice. FIELDS: 2-Star/Interrogation/
Wells, Carolyn (1862-1942) iii The Technique of the Mystery Story. Springfield, Mass.: The Home Correspondence School, 1913, xiv+336pp. Introduction by J. Berg Esenwein. Three reprints. LOC: BW; Internet. A remarkably thorough and largely overlooked job by an early popular American writer of mystery stories. The first and arguably still best effort to lay out the methods of fictional detectives, including how these differ from their real-world counterparts. See also Jones (1904), Locard (1924), Cassiday (1983), and R. Thomas (1999). FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/
Wells, Joseph T. ii Frankensteins of Fraud: The 20th Centurys Top Ten White-Collar Criminals. Austin, TX: Obsidian Publishing Company, 2000, 386pp. LOC: San Diego State U. Ten case studies from Chadwick through Ponzi, Kreuger, & Vesco to Milken. Much moralizing and little else by way of insight. Mr. Wells, CPA, a noted American fraud expert, is the founder (in 1988) and chairman of the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. Also Professor of Fraud Examination at the University of Texas, Austin. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fraud/Biography/
ii New Approaches to Fraud Deterrence, Journal of Accountancy On-Line Issues, Feb 2004. LOC: www.aicpa.org/pubs/jofa/feb2004/wells.htm. FIELDS: 2-Star/Accountancy/Fraud/
________, Gilbert Geis, Nancy Bradford, John D. Gill Fraud Examiners Manual. 3rd edition, Austin, TX: Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, Inc., 1998, 3 volumes, 1750pp. LOC: British L; not seen. FIELDS: ?-Star/Accountancy/Frauds/
Wells, Peter S. iii The Battle that Stopped Rome: Emperor Augustus, Arminius, and the Slaughter of the Legions in the Teutoburg Forest. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003, 256pp. LOC: Santa Clara PL; U of Minnesota; Oxford. On the decisive strategic surprise inflicted by Arminius and his Germanic tribe on the legions of Roman General Varus in 9 AD. See also Sheldon (2001). Dr. Wells (1976 Harvard PhD) was an American Professor of Anthropology at the University of Minnesota. FIELDS: 3-Star/Military/Surprise/Rome/
Wen Fong ERROR for Fong, Wen C. Wertheimer, Max (1880-1943) ii Productive Thinking. Enlarged Edition, New York: Harper & Row, 1959, xvi+302pp. LOC: Broward Community College (Ft. Lauderdale, FL). Pits Traditional Logic against his notion of Productive Thinking. The original edition of the Czech exile psychologists landmark book had been published posthumously in 1945. Hed been a student of Hans Gross back at the turn of the century and was accused by Jung in 1905 of flagrantly plagiarizing others research on word-association tests. FIELDS: 2-Star/Creativity/Logic/
West, Nigel [pseudonym of Rupert Allason] (1951- ) Unreliable Witness: Espionage Myths of the Second World War. 1984. ii USA edition as A Thread of Deceit: Espionage Myths of World War II. New York: Random House, 1985, 166pp. LOC: BW. Myth-breaking that shows the English historian-author, a Tory Member of Parliament 1987-97, to be a rather good historical detective. For other suggested solutions to historical mysteries see Whaley (1973), Whaley, Gardner, & Busby (1991), and Nickell (1992). REV: Edward F. Sayle in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1986), 126-131. Loud applause except for the chapter on Pearl Harbor. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/
ii Counterfeit Spies: Genuine or Bogus?: An Astonishing Investigation into Secret Agents of the Second World War. London: St Ermins Press, 1998, xii+308pp. Also in facsimile PB. Further myth-breaking that, again, helps correct public misconceptions about WW II intelligence operations, in this case by exposing 17 best-selling or popular fraudulent books by writers who range from the greedy to the merely gullible. REV: Jon A. Wiant in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.6, No.2 (2002). Fully concurs. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Bibliography/
ii Fiction, Faction and Intelligence, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.19, No.2 (Summer 2004), 275-289. LOC: NPS. An informative review of spy fiction written by real-world intelligencers. See also Whaley (1979). FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/Bibliography/
Polmar & Allen (2004) Pujol & West (1985)
Westcott, Malcolm R. iii Toward a Contemporary Psychology of Intuition: A historical, theoretical, and empirical inquiry. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1968, x+228pp. Foreword by Jerome S. Bruner. LOC: Florida International U; Oxford. Following a rather thorough survey of the concept of intuition, Dr. Westcott gives it an operational definition, which enables him to perform some experiments with subjects that show it has a largely, perhaps even entirely rational basis. See also Eysenck (1995) and Hogarth (2001), 279-281. Dr. Westcott was a PhD psychologist at Vassar and York University (from which he retired). CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Intuition/
Westerfield, H. Bradford (1928- ) (selector & editor) iii Inside CIAs Private World: Declassified Articles from the Agencys Internal Journal, 19551992. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995, xxii+489pp. LOC: BW3; NPS. A handy reprint of 32 articles that had originally appeared in CIAs Problems of Intelligence from, contrary to the subtitle, 1959 to1990. A well-chosen selection according to J. Ransom Clark. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/
Whaley, Barton [Stewart] (1928- ) ii A Study of Word-of-Mouth Communication in Communist China (PROPIN-China). Washington, D.C.: Special Warfare Research Division, Special Operations Research Office, American University, Oct 1961, xix+175pp, assisted by George K. Schueller and John Carver Scott. [Mr. Schueller was my full co-author, a credit deleted when he left the organization before publication. Dr. Scotts contributions were peripheral to the overall project and were neither authorial nor editorial on this specific study.] Foreword by Kai E. Rasmussen. LOC: BW; West Point; Air University; National Defense U; US Army Military History Institute. A minor but early contribution to the study of Small Worlds. Based on interviews in 1959 on Taiwan with 2,075 recent refugees from Mainland China to establish the types of paths through which various types of news and information entered and flowed through word-of-mouth channels in that country. This was then one of the two largest social surveys of Chinese. Profiled the type of persons (Key Communicators) most likely to pass along new information and those (Nulls) least likely to do so. The main findings were: 1) to confirm the studys main hypothesis that different occupational groupings would vary significantly as receivers/transmitters of news (new information) and 2) entirely contrary to the prediction of a panel of China experts that housewives would prove to get the highest rating as communicators, they got the lowest rating, highest by far going to merchants. Thus this was, I believe, the first study to pinpoint (with empirical survey data) what today are called hubs (our Key Communicators) and isolates (my Nulls). Draft studies under the PROPIN project by Schueller and Whaley also surveyed three other refugee groups, 300 Chinese ex-PLA soldiers, and immigrants to the USA from both Communist Hungary and Communist Yugoslav. See also Allport & Postman (1947), Pool & Kochen (1958/1978), Milgram (1967), Kochen (1989), and Watts (1999 & 2003). FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT/Networks/Channels/Profiling/China/
i Daily Monitoring of the Western Press in the Soviet Union and Other Communist States. Cambridge, MA: Center for International Studies, 19 Mar 1964, 30pp, dittoed. (Center draft paper D/64-13). LOC: BW; scarce. FIELDS: 1-Star/Media/OSINT/Russia/
i Soviet and Chinese Clandestine Arms Aid. Draft, 1965. LOC: BW; unique. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Russia/China/
________, and Aaron Seidman i The DETEX-EXDET Political-Military Exercises as Naval Weapon Systems during Crises: Final Report. Cambridge, Mass.: Center for International Studies, MIT, 1965, 33pp. (Center draft paper D/65-5). LOC: MIT; scarce. Summary of the senior-player DETEX and student EXDET games played for the U.S. Naval Ordinance Test Stations Project MICHELSON under Navy Chief Scientist John Craven. See also Bloomfield & Whaley (1964) and Allen (1987),153. FIELDS: 1-Star/Gaming/
i Submarines as Weapons of Covert Intervention in Limited War. Draft, Jun 1966. LOC: BW; unique. Fields; 1-Star/Deception/ i Soviet Intervention in the Spanish Civil War. Draft, 1966. LOC: BW; unique. I lectured on this subject at MIT. FIELDS: 1-Star/Military/Russia/Spain/
ii Guerrilla Communications. Cambridge, MA: Center, for International Studies, MIT, March 1967, vii+233pp, multilithed. (Center paper C/67-4). LOC: BW; MIT; Naval War College; Marine Corps U; UC-Berkeley. Case studies of how eight different guerrilla groups developed their communication systems. Whaley did the cases on: Communist China: 1920-1949, Chinese Nationalist Guerrillas: 1937-1945, Soviet Union: 1917-1956, Yugoslavia: 1941-1944, Malaya: 1941-1960, and Cuba: 1956-1959. Judith Tipton was Whaleys research assistant on Vietnam: 1920-1954" and Meredith Jane Aldrich was his research assistant on Algeria: 1954-1962". FIELDS: 2-Star/COMINT/Asymmetry/China/Russia/Balkans/Malaya/Cuba/
ii Soviet Clandestine Communication Nets: Notes for a History of the Structures of the Intelligence Services of the USSR. Cambridge, MA: Center for International Studies, MIT, 1969, ii+199pp, multilithed. (Center paper C/67-10). LOC: BW; MIT; Columbia U; Air University; Oxford; Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Facsimile reprint, Detroit: Management Information Service, 1969. LOC: MIT; UC-Berkeley; Boston U. A history of the organization and channels of the several Soviet intelligence services. Includes a bibliography and a biographical appendix (for which see the following item). FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL/Russia/Channels/
i Biographical Index of Soviet Intelligence Personnel (Appendix C, Soviet Clandestine Communications Nets). Cambridge, MA: Center for International Studies, MIT, 1967, 127pp (Center paper C/67-10a). LOC: BW; MIT; UC-Berkeley; Birmingham U. Biographical sketches of the major figures that appeared in the main text above. FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/Russia/Biography/
iiiii Stratagem: Deception and Surprise in War. Cambridge, MA: Center for International Studies, MIT, 1969, ix+263+628+49+ [25] leaves [=985pp], multilithed (150 copies). (Center paper C/69-9). LOC: BW; MIT; NPS; Pentagon; Army War College (photocopy); Naval War College (photocopy); National Defense U (photocopy of # 102); Air U; Marine Corps U. Reprinted (less the case studies) for student use in 2003 (40 copies) and again in 2004 (35 copies). LOC: BW. . A comprehensive study. This work was a direct outgrowth of my 1969 Operation Barbarossa although that work was not published (as Codeword BARBAROSSA) until four years later. See also Liddell Hart (1954), Harris (1972, 1973), Sherwin & Whaley (1982), Van Vleet (1985), and Hybel (1986). REV: Constantinides (1983), 480-481. For reasons that are not clear, this path breaking study was never [commercially] published. The reason was that the only potential publishers were unwilling to issue it without drastic gutting and updating. I judged that an unwelcome demand when I was busy with new mysteries to solve. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Deception/Surprise/Methodology/ 600/601/
ii Guerrillas in the Spanish Civil War. Cambridge, MA: Center for International Studies, MIT, September 1969, v+143pp. (Center paper C/69-29). LOC: BW; MIT; Pentagon; Marine Corps U; UC-Berkeley; Stanford. Facsimile reprint, Detroit: Management Information Services, 1969. LOC: US Army Military History Institute; UC-Berkeley; USC; NYU; Boston U; Florida State U; National Art Gallery (London). FIELDS: 2-Star/Asymmetry/Spain/
i Operation BARBAROSSA: A Case Study of Soviet Strategic Information Processing before the German Invasion. MIT PhD Thesis, 1969, 2 volumes. LOC: BW; MIT. See below under Codeword BARBAROSSA. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/Germany/Russia/Methodology/
i Soviet Journalists in China. Cambridge, MA: Center for International Studies, MIT, Mar 1970, ii+47 leaves. (Center paper C/69-31). LOC: MIT; Stanford; Texas A&M (microfilm); Chinese U of Hong Kong. A history of a specific intelligence collection network system. Sponsored by ARPA. FIELDS: 1-Star/Networks/Russia/China/ iii Public Diplomacy and the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Medford, MA: The Edward R. Murrow Center for Public Diplomacy, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 1970, 91pp. LOC: Tufts U; rare. Prepared as part of the Murrow Centers Research Program of Case Studies in Public Diplomacy. This case was later collected and published in Henderson (1973) as described under Whaley & Bittman (1973), following. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Russia/
________, and Ladislav Bittman [published under our pseudonyms of, respectively, S. W. Barton & Lawrence Martin]. iii Public Diplomacy and the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, in Gregory Henderson (editor), Public Diplomacy and Political Change: Four Case Studies (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1973), 241-314. LOC: BW; National Defense U; Stanford. The Soviet diplomatic and military deception operations that largely succeeded in concealing their intent to invade Czechoslovakia. See Whaley (1970b) for my original paper written when I still had final cut. See also Grabo (1970). FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Russia/
iiii Codeword BARBAROSSA. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1973, x+ 376pp.; reprinted in paperback, 1974. LOC: BW; MIT; UC-Berkeley; Stanford; NPS; CIA; Pentagon; Army War College; Naval War College; Oxford; British L. Reportedly there is a Hebrew translation by the Israeli Military Publishing House, 1982. A case study of the German deception operations that contributed to their surprise attack on the USSR on 22 June 1941. Challenges the Wohlstetter (1962) narrow signals/noise model with a more general model for detecting the presence of deception in strategic military operations. This was my first effort to incorporate a primitive version of what has recently come to be known as Richards Heuers Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH). Based with negligible changes on my final draft typescript, Operation BARBAROSSA, of 1969, which was my MIT doctoral dissertation. REV: Alan Bullock in New York Review of Books, Vol.20, No.11 (28 Jun 73). Of the more than 60 reviews of this book, only historian Bullock, the Chancellor of Oxford University, recognized that Id attempted not just one more case study but instead used that case to create a rather fresh approach to a special type of problem in historical research that is, not a method but methodology in the full sense of that widely misused term. Bullock concluded: Mr. Whaleys conclusion is a controversial one which not everyone is going to accept. But that does not affect my admiration for the clear and systematic way in which he has gone about his study, with a running commentary explaining at each stage what he is doing, building up first one, then another hypothesis as he fits the [78] different bits of evidence into place. For this is a way of pursuing historical inquiry that allows mistakes to be corrected and alternative hypotheses considered without invalidating the method, a case study in historical detection which would have delighted the late R. G. Collingwood ... and which gave me great intellectual pleasure to read. REV: Harrison E. Salisbury, Was Hitler Clever or Stalin Blind? New York Times Book Review (6 May 1973), a 933-word review filling the split page of the Sunday book review section. Invited down to his office to verify that I wasnt a CIA team, the NYTs then op-ed page Editor said he was particularly impressed by my index, running heads that keyed to the endnotes, and the enigmatic and sophisticated dust-jacket design. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1973. REV: Constantinides (1983), 479-480. A mixed but fair review. REV: Rocca & Dziak (1985), 117, conclude, The work seems to attribute more success to German deception than warranted by the evidence. Later works on Operation Barbarossa are Bryan I. Fugate, Operation Barbarossa: Strategy and Tactics on the Eastern Front, 1941 (Novato, CA: Presidio, 1984), 33-93; Robert Kershaw, War Without Garlands: Operation Barbarossa 1041/42 (New York: Sarpedon, 2000), 26-28; David M. Glantz, Stumbling Colossus: The Red Army on the Eve of World War (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1998), 233- W haley Bibliography -587-
257; Gorodetsky (1999), and David M. Glantz, Barbarossa: Hitlers Invasion of Russia 1941 (Charleston, SC: Tempus, 2001). While giving detailed accounts of the build-up and the post H-hour battles, these authors opening chapters, which skim the planning phase documented and analyzed in detail in my book, are unnecessarily weak on the deception & counterdeception aspects. Barros & Gregor (1995) is the best of all the above but, in essence says nothing new, only the occasional added detail or modification of what Id previously covered, as seen in their frequent and specific footnoting to Whaley (1973). Ive not yet seen the unpublished dissertation by Myklebust (1980) but the new study by Murphy (2005) not only supports my findings but is the only book that truly supercedes my documentation. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 603/ 4-Star/Methodology/Surprise/OSINT/Russia/Germany/
iii On the Prevalence of Guile: Cross-Cultural Styles of Deception in Politics, Diplomacy, and War. Draft manuscript, 1974, 130pp. LOC: BW (manuscript). Based mainly on case studies of 8 major cultural groups throughout their histories. It sets out the degree to which deceptive military and political and philosophical thinking and practice have varied through time across these eight different cultures. On Wednesday, 25 Apr 1979, I presented a summary titled On the Prevalence of Guile: Deception in War and Politics through Twenty-five Centuries and across Eight Cultures at the Fletcher Schools conference on Intelligence: Deception and Surprise. See Appendix B. See also Whaley (1980) where I revisited parts of this issue. Subsequently set aside for 25 years until July 2005 whence I have resumed research on this issue. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/ 3-Star/Cultures/Methodology/
i A Dictionary of Intelligence Jargon. Draft, May 1977, 48 unnumbered pages. LOC: BW (manuscript). A preliminary effort, I believe the first, to develop a systematic lexicography of deception, which was the main focus of this monograph. This ambitious OED-type model project dead-ended in Deception Research Program ORD/CIA (1981). FIELDS: 1-Star/INTEL/Dictionary/
iii The Door to Death: A Short Story of Counter-Deception. 1st draft , May 1977. Printed in Bart Whaley, A Reader in Deception and Counterdeception (Monterey, CA: 2003), 397-403. When I wrote this piece, Id assumed it was the first fictional story of military counterdeception. Only later did I discover Id been preempted by 68 years by Ole LukOie [pseudonym of Maj.-Gen. Sir Ernest Dunlop Swinton] (1909). FIELDS: 3-Star/Fiction/Counterdeception/
i The Cost-Effectiveness of Deception. Draft, Jun 1978, 59pp. LOC: BW. Id begun this paper by Nov 1977. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/
________, et al iiii "Thoughts on the Cost-Effectiveness of Deception and Related Tactics in the Air War 1939-1945," Research Paper, Office of Research and Development, Central Intelligence Agency, and Mathtech, Inc., Rosslyn, VA, March 1979, vi+170pp. LOC: BW; National Defense U; Air U. A case study of deception cost-benefits and the cycle of electronic counter-measures (ECM) and counter-counter-measures (ECCM) employed by the British and German air forces in WW II. The "et al" of authorship acknowledges Mary Walsh as CIA project sponsor and L. Daniel Maxim as the project director whose contribution was limited to the statistical calculations in the appendix. REV: Constantinides (1983), 118-119, commented that The main conclusion and lesson, that wartime deception was cost-effective, is equally applicable to current military conflicts. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Deception/Methodology/ 603/
ii Bio-Bibliography of Cloak-and-Dagger Fiction written by Intelligence Professionals. Draft, May 1979. LOC: BW (probably the only surviving manuscript, the one subsequent version having vanished in a Georgetown taxi cab a month or so later). Annotates more than 300 novels and short stories by more than 100 authors whod been in The Great Game. See also West (2002) for a handy update. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/Bibliography/
i DECEPTR. Computer disk. 1979. LOC: unknown, seemingly lost. This computerized database updates that published in my Stratagem (1969), which covered 168 battle in 16 wars in the period 1914-1968. DECEPTR covers 232 battle in 20 wars from 1914 to 1973. REF: Sherwin & Whaley (1982), 179-181. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/
iiii "Deception Its Decline and Revival in International Conflict," in Harold D. Lasswell, Daniel Lerner, Hans Speier (editors), Propaganda and Communication in World History, Vol.II (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1980), 339-367. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley; National Defense U; British L. Deception in international politics and war across four cultures and throughout their history. Largely condensed from Whaley (1974). Provides the first published model for analyzing the ups-and-downs of cultural acceptance and use of deception. This is still the only such model, except marginally for Hesk (2000) and Handel (2000). CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Deception/Cultures/
________, and J. Bowyer Bell (1931-2003), writing jointly as "J. Barton Bowyer" ii Cheating: Deception in War & Magic, Games & Sports, Sex & Religion, Business & Con Games, Politics & Espionage, Art & Science. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982, xii+339pp. LOC: BW; NPS; National Defense U; Air U; Monterey PL; British L; U of Hong Kong. Italian translation as La meravigliosa arte dell'inganno. Milan: SugarCo Edizioni, 1985, 270pp. LOC: BW. Reprinted with a new Introduction as Cheating and Deception by J. Bowyer Bell & Barton Whaley. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1991, xxxiv+339pp. LOC: BW; MIT; FBI Academy; NPS; Aberdeen U; U of Hong Kong. This was the first effort to test in detail and in depth the hunches of Machiavelli and RV Jones, that deception is a general phenomenon, I concluded that it is. My colleage, Bow Bell, then recommended publishing through his editor at St Martins and joined me in preparing this popular text. Cited here as Whaley & Bell (1982), although, except where noted, all portions cited were researched and written by myself and not my distinguished co-author. FIELDS: 2-Star/Cheating/Magic/Con/Sports/Games/Business/HUMINT/
iiiii "Toward a General Theory of Deception," Journal of Strategic Studies (London), Vol.5, No.1 (March 1982), 179-193. LOC: BW (offprint); NPS. Reprinted, Epoptica, No.5 (January 1984), 270-277. LOC: BW. The concluding section argues that the deception planning model discussed is equally applicable to development of a theory of detecting deception. That section opened the way for the Whaley & Busby (2002) paper and my The Maverick Detective (in progress). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: R&D/ 5-Star/Deception/ CLASSES: 600/
iii Covert Rearmament in Germany, 1919-1939: Deception and Misrepresentation. Washington, DC: Deception Research Program & Mathtech, Inc., Office of Research and Development, Central Intelligence Agency, Mar 1979, iv+241pp. LOC: BW; National Defense U. A case study relevant to both deception and arms control verification. Although issued anonymously, all my own concept, research, analysis, and writing, except for a statistical appendix by L. Daniel Maxim. I did this monograph under contract to the MATHTECH division of Mathematica. See also Mihalka (1980). FIELDS: 3-Star/Inspection/Germany/
iii Covert German Rearmament, 1919-1939: Deception and Misperception, Journal of Strategic Studies (London), Vol.5, No.1 (March 1982), 3-39. LOC: BW (offprint); NPS. Condensed by me from my original monograph written in 1979 for MATHTECH Corporation and CIAs Deception Research Program. Reprinted below in what has become the more widely cited version. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Inspection/Germany/
iii Covert German Rearmament, 1919-1939: Deception and Misperception. Frederick, Maryland: University Publications of America, Inc., 1984, ix+149pp. LOC: BW; NPS; CIA; Pentagon; National Defense U; Naval War College; Air U; Marine Corps U; Command & General Staff College; UC-Berkeley; Stanford; Yale; CalTech; Brandeis; U of London; British L; Australian Defence Force Academy; Hebrew U of Jerusalem. I consider this the most citable edition, particularly because it properly credits the author by name. REV: Constantinides (1983), 116-117. A mixed review and rightly so. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 3-Star/Deception/Inspection/Germany/ 603/
ii Practice to Deceive: Case Studies of Deception Planners. Draft manuscript, Mission Beach, CA, 18 Oct 1987, 109pp. LOC: BW. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Biography/
iiii When Deception Fails: The Theory of Outs. Draft manuscript, Mission Beach, CA: 21 Oct 1987, 57pp. LOC: BW; rare. Analysis of 47 cases of failed or only partly successful attempts at military deception. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Deception/
iii The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Magic, 1584-1988. Oakland, CA: Jeff Busby Magic, Inc, 1989, 787pp. LOC: BW. Second edition, as Whaleys Encyclopedic Dictionary of Magic, 1584-2000, Key West, FL: Black Bart Magic, 2000, on compact disk. LOC: BW. FIELDS: 3-Star/Magic/Dictionary/
i Whos Who in Magic. Oakland, CA: Jeff Busby Magic, Inc, 1990, 463pp. LOC: BW. Second edition, as Whaleys Whos Who in Magic. Key West, FL: Black Bart Magic, 2001, on compact disk. LOC: BW. FIELDS: 1-Star/Magic/Bibliography/
ii The Language of Magic,1584-2000. Key West: Black Bart Magic, 2000, 37pp. LOC: BW. An essay on the jargon and patter used by conjurors. See also Butterworth (2005). FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/Dictionary/
i Conditions Making for Success and Failure of Denial and Deception: Authoritarian and Transition Regimes," in Godson & Wirtz (2002), 41-94. Cobbled together from earlier pieces by myself. A rather inconsequential piece under cover of which I smuggled in the innovative Whaley & Busby (2001) paper on counterdeception. FIELDS: 1-Star/Deception/
________, with Martin Gardner and Jeff Busby iii The Man Who Was Erdnase. Oakland, CA: Jeff Busby Magic, Inc, 1991, xiii+434pp. LOC: BW; UC-Berkeley. A controversial case study in historical detection of crime and innocence in the life and death of infamous American card cheat and accused serial killer Milton Franklin Andrews (Erdnase) (1872-1905). FIELDS: 3-Star/Games/Magic/Dentistry/Biography/
________, and Jeffrey Busby iiiii Detecting Deception: Practice, Practitioners, and Theory, in Anticipating and Minimizing the Challenge of Foreign Strategic Denial & Deception: Executive Summary and Report; Colloquium Papers and Commentary (Washington, D.C.: The Cantril Group, Sep 1999), 131-161. Reprinted in Trends in Organized Crime, Vol.6, No.1 (Fall 2000), 73-105. LOC: BW (copy). Reprinted in Godson & Wirth (2002), 181-221. This is the most accessible printing. The first general theory of detection. Busby contributed the important technique (described on pp.212-218) that I call Busbys Ombudsman. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/R&D/CI/ CLASSES: 5-Star/Counterdeception/ 600/
ii Orson Welles: The Man Who Was Magic. [Pacific Grove CA]: Special Magicians Edition, [Jul] 2005, 656pp in CD format. Limited not-for-sale edition of 50 numbered copies. Published for and distributed at the 58th International Film Festival in Locarno, Switzerland, August 2005. A biography of American stage, radio, and movie director-actor, practical joker, and illusionist Orson Welles (1915-1985) how his ability to think like a magician always seeking The Third Option, influenced his creative problem solving. See also Cameron (1980). FIELDS: 2-Star/Magic/Biography/
iiiii Detecting Deception: A Bibliography of Counterdeception across Time, Cultures, and Disciplines. First Edition, Pacific Grove, CA: by the author, Dec 2005, xiv+527pp. An annotated bibliography of 2,146 titles. A Second Edition is scheduled for Summer 2006. FIELDS: 5-Star/Counterdeception/
i The Mysterious Gambler: Edward M. Grandin, Poker Cheat & Gambling Supply House Proprietor during the American Civil War. The Escorial Palace, Madrid: by the author, forthcoming 2006, about 60pp. On the seemingly separate careers of Yankee card cheat Gerritt M. Evans and New York gaming supply house owner Edward M. Grandin and the compelling evidence that they were the same man. Comprises the complete text of the orginal 1865 edition of Evans unabashed manual on how to cheat at cards together with Whaleys introductory essay on Grandin/Evans. To be a limited, numbered and signed edition presented to colleagues at that years Jornados Cartomagias, since 1974 the annual international invitation-only gathering of students of card conjuring. Sponsored by the Escuela Mgicas de Madrid, Spains elite magic club. FIELDS: 1-Star/Games/Biography/
iiiii The Maverick Detective; or, The Whole Art of Detection. Forthcoming, 2007, xiii+1,238pp text+577pp bibliography. What type of people are consistently successful at detecting deception? To find the answer, I studied 143 different types of detectives. These ranged from police detectives, through scientists, to military and political intelligence analysts. All consistently successful detectives were found to possess three necessary characteristics: 1) A strong drive to solve mysteries. 2) A prepared mind-set based on experience and education. 3) Intuitive retroductive logic. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 5-Star/Experts/Logic/Intuition/Deception/
Barton & Martin [pseudonyms of B. Whaley & L. M. Bittman] (1973) Barringer & Whaley (1965a, 1965b) Bloomfield & Whaley (1964, 1965) Despres, Dzirkals, and Whaley (1976) Editors of Time-Life Books (1991) Maxim, Walsh, Daniel, Herbig, Whaley (1981) Pool with Whaley (1963) Sherwin & Whaley (1982)
Wheatley, Dennis (1897-1977) ii Murder off Miami: A New Era in Crime Fiction: A Murder Mystery Planned by J. G. Links. London: Hutchinson, 1936, 172pp. Reprints in 1979, 1980, 1981, and 1986. The first mystery fiction to include the original documents such as telegrams, typed police reports, hand-written notes, postcards, photographs, and packets of evidence such as strands of hair, burnt matches, stained material. The solution is given in a section of sealed pages at the end. Wheatley was an English writer of popular thrillers and an occultist. Wheatleys friend J. G. Joe Links was a British art expert and noted traveler. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/
ii The Launching of Roger Brook. London: Hutchinson & Co, 1947, 381pp. Also later in PB. LOC: Oxford. A pot-boiling spy novel. Having served during World War Two as a MOST SECRET deception planner (see next entry), RAF Wing-Commander Wheatley returned in 1945 to his profession of espionage and occult fiction writing. But, as he said, he positively dared not write another spy story from fear of infringing the Official Secrets Act.
However Air Commodore Kenneth Collier, then Director of Plans, suggested a way out: All you have to do is to create a hero who lived in Napoleonic times. Then you can use any exciting episodes you learned about in this war and nobody will be able to lay a finger on you. After initially trying other adventures tales, in 1946 Wheatley took Colliers advice and wrote the first of his 12 spy novels about Roger Brook in the period 1783-1815. This story chronicles Brooks exploits in France in 1783-1787. FIELDS: 2-Star/Fiction/HUMINT/
iiiThe Deception Planners: My Secret War. London: Hutchinson, 1980, 240pp. LOC: BW; NPS; Cornell. Recollections of British military deception planning in WW II as seen from the top. Posthumously published memoirs of Wheatleys membership in Col. Bevans London Controlling Section, 1942-44. Fully credits Dudley Clarkes A-Force contribution. REV: Constantinides (1983), 481-482. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Britain/Biography/
Wheaton, Kristan J. ii The Warning Solution: Intelligence Analysis in the Age of Information Overload. Fairfax, VA: AFCEA International Press, 2001, 89pp. LOC: Air Force Technical L; British L. Proposes an ambitious new system designed to give early strategic warning by assisting decision-makersmilitary, political, business, or whateverto recognize when they have acquired enough information and when is the best moment for them to reach a decision on that information. Dr. Kris Wheaton (JD from U of South Carolina) is a former US Army officer now with the Institute for Intelligence Studies at Mercyhurst College. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-analysts/
Wheeler, Everett L. iii Stratagem and the Vocabulary of Military Trickery. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1988, xv+124pp. LOC: Naval War College; Marine Corps U; U of Florida; U of Miami; Oxford. A linguistic and historical study proving the ancient Greeks and Romans favored the use of deception in military strategy and international relations. The author contrasts this open advocacy with the Western Christian ethos that deplores trickery, at least publicly. See also Hesk (2000) and Campbell (2001), Chapters 3 & 4 (pp.43-73). Dr. Wheeler (PhD, Duke U) was Scholar in Residence in the Department of Classical Studies, Duke University. REV: Sheldon (2003), 17-18. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 3-Star/Deception/Greece/Rome/Dictionary/
ii Stratagems in the Western Tradition. 2003. LOC: BW3 (copy); Internet. A paper presented at the Conference on Strategic Deception in Modern Democracies: Ethical, Legal, and Policy Challenges, at Duke University in 2003. FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 2-Star/Deception/ Polyaenus (1994)
White, David Manning (ca.1918-1993) iiii The Gate Keeper: A Case Study in the Selection of News, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 27, No.3 (1950), 383-390. LOC: BW (copy). White introduces to journalism his mentor Kurt Lewins useful concept & term gate keeper. Dr. Lewin, a German immigrant sociologist to the USA, had coined that term in 1943. See Lewin (1947). Dr. White (1942 University of Iowa PhD in English) was Professor of Journalism at Boston University 1949-75. My friend David was an admirable pioneer researcher of mass culture, a term he coined in 1957. CLASSES: FIELDS: 600/ 4-Star/Gatekeepers/Media/
White, Esther (1957- ) Detecting Deception. Melbourne: Vanguard Publishing, 1998, 156pp. LOC: National Library of Australia; not seen. Reportedly on identifying dishonesty in commercial, professional, and social interactions. FIELDS: ?-Star/Counterdeception/Business/
White, Peter (editor) iii Crime Scene to Court: The Essentials of Forensic Science. 2nd edition, Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004, xxii+451pp. LOC: Cal State U (Sacramento); British L. The standard British textbook. Much above average for a book of this kind, as it goes beyond the usual cook-book type of presentation to enrich with theory and references. The 1st edition had appeared in 1998. See also Saferstein (2004). FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/
White, Ralph K. iiii Empathy as an Intelligence Tool, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1986), 57-75. LOC: BW3 (copy); NPS; U of Idaho. Argues that the most effective intelligence analysts are those with strong empathic ability. I would add that this is an essential characteristic for all detectives who must deal with human deceivers.
American social psychologist Dr. White, then a retired Professor of Psychology from George Washington University, had major experience of political-strategic intelligence with the FBIS 1947-50 and USIAs Research Office 1950-64. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ CLASSES: 4-Star/INTEL/Psychology/Empathy/ 601/
Whitehead, John (1934- ) ii This Solemn Mockery: The Art of Literary Forgery. London: Arlington Books, 1973, 177pp. LOC: U of Michigan. On 40 forgers, including Simonides, Hanko, Lauder, Chatterton, MacPherson, Ireland, Lucas, and Wise. See also Altick (1950), Grebanier (1965), and Rosenblum (2000). The author, a Yorkshireman, was a professional librarian. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/Biographies/
Whitfield, Susan (1960- ) ii Forgeries of Dunhuang Manuscripts, IIAS Newsletter, No.14 (Autumn 1997). LOC: BW (copy). On the Jun-Jul 1997 workshop at the British Library on Forgeries of Dunhuang Manuscripts in the Early Twentieth Century. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/China/
________ (editor) iii Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries. London: The British Library, 2002, ix+358pp. LOC: UC-Santa Cruz; U of Hong Kong. On the wholesale forgery of Buddhist manuscripts discovered in 1907 by Aurel Stein in the Dunhuang [Tun-huang] caves of Chinese Central Asia. 24 original essays by 29 experts. FIELDS: 2-Star/Documents/China/
Whitford-Stark, Jim, and Sheryl Oswald ii eBay the good, the bad and the downright ugly, Capital Philately, Vol.19, No.4 (Aug 2001) with updates to 15 Nov 2004. LOC: BW (copy); www.sheryll.net/Forgeries/Ugly_Sellers.htm. Overview of fraudulent selling of postage stamps on eBay. FIELDS: 2-Star/Stamps/Internet/
Whitlock, Chuck ii Chuck Whitlocks Scam School. New York: Macmillan, 1997, xiii+258pp. LOC: BW. Much better than Brett Champions Americas Guide to Fraud Prevention (New York: Kroshka, 1997), which by Jeff Busbys standards is faint praise. I agree. Whitlock is an American investigative reporter. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/Fraud/
i MediScams: How to Spot and Avoid Health Care Scams, Medical Frauds, and Quackery from the Local Physician to the Major Health Care Providers and Drug Manufacturers. Los Angeles: Renaissance Books, 2001, 303pp. Includes (pp.253-265) a few useful although mostly obvious tell-tale tip-offs and profiles of medical quacks. FIELDS: 1-Star/Con/Medicine/Fraud/
Whiten & Byrne (1997) SEE: Byrne & Whiten (1997) Whitley, Bernard E., Jr., [and] Patricia Keith-Spiegel ii Academic Dishonesty: An Educators Guide. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 2002, ix+169pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; CalStateU-Fullerton. See particularly Chapter 4 (pp.82-109) on methods for detecting various forms of dishonesty in college settings. Co-authors Whitley and Keith-Spiegel are psychologists on the faculty at Ball State University with their PhDs from, respectively, the University of Pittsburgh and Claremont Graduate University. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Cheating/
Keith-Spiegel (1972)
Whittaker-Bleuler, Sharon A. iii "Deception and Self-Deception: A Dominance Strategy in Competitive Sport," in Lockard & Paulhus (1988), 212-228. Interesting study of deception and self-deception and their detection in tennis. Based largely on the author's unpublished doctoral dissertation, Sharon A. Whittaker, Nonverbal Communication of Winning and Losing Tennis, at the University of Washington, 1980. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Self-deception/Sports/
Wiegele, Thomas C. (1932-1991) ii The Clandestine Building of Libyas Chemical Weapons Factory: A Study in International Collusion. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992, x+199pp. LOC: CalStateU-Monterey Bay; LSE; U of Hong Kong. On Libyas substantial effort from around 1980 to 1989 to acquire a chemical warfare capability. Gives particular attention to the considerable amount of deception, lies, and secrecy involved. A useful case study that bears comparison with the similarly covert efforts of interwar Germany (see Whaley [1973]) and modern Iraq (see Blix [2004], etc). Dr. Wiegele was a Professor of Political Science at Northern Illinois U from 1981 until his death. FIELDS: 2-Star/WMD/TECHINT/Libya/
Wiener, Jon i Historians in Trouble: Plagiarism, Fraud, and Politics in the Ivory Tower. New York: The New Press, 2005, ix+260pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; Sacramento PL. On unethical, politically nuanced, and plagiarising scholars from Elizabeth FoxGenovese & Allen Weinstein to Doris Kearns Goodwin & Stephen Ambrose. Wiener concludes that: In the tug between ethics and greed, greed wins more often than the Pollyannas assume. True but hardly new. Wiener, an American left liberal, was a history professor at UC-Irvine and contributing editor with The Nation magazine. FIELDS: 1-Star/Plagiarism/Fraud/Biography/
Wiener, Norbert (1894-1964) ii Cybernetics: or, Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. New York: J. Wiley, 1948, 194pp. LOC: UC-Berkeley; MIT. Energized and popularized the relatively new field of cybernetics, a term coined by the author. This book is important here because of its focus on the concept of feedback, which is essential for clear understanding much of the process of human perception and communication including importantly the so-called Intelligence Loop. See also Pierce (1961), 208-228. For a book that fills in details about Wieners precedents see Mindell (2002). Dr. Wiener (Harvard PhD in math in 1912 at age 18) was an American child prodigy of a Russian Jewish immigrant father. For reliable biographical material I recommend for starters Freeman J. Dyson, The Tragic Tale of a Genius, The New York Review of Books, Vol.52, No.12 (14 Jul 2005). Avoid the most recent but scurrilously sensationalized biography by Flo Conway & Jim Siegelman, The Dark Hero of the Information Age (New York: Basic Books, 2005), which is an unrecognizable portrait to family, friends, or even any of us at MIT who moved at the fringe of his circles.
FIELDS:
2-Star/Communications/Perception/
Wigmore, John H[enry] (1863-1943) iii "The Problem of Proof," Illinois Law Review, Vol.8, No.2 (Jun 1913), 77-103. LOC: BW (copy); Sangamon State U (Springfield, Illinois). Wigmore was the first person to construct Bayesian inference networks and this landmark paper was his first such publication. REF: Schum (1999), 204; and Schum (2003), 11-12. Wigmore, a leading American legal expert, was Professor of Law in Northwestern U at the time he published this piece. His best bio is in Mannheim (1972). FIELDS: SEE ALSO UNDER: 3-Star/Logic/Statistics/Bayes/Law/ Osborne (1910) Twining & Hampshere-Monk (2003)
Wilcocks, Robert ii Maelzels Chess Player: Sigmund Freud and the Rhetoric of Deceit. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1994, xii+345pp. LOC: Florida State U. A critical look at the diagnostic and detectival pretensions of Freud and Poe. On Poe
see also Walsh (1968) and Ketterer (1979). On Freud see also Erwin (1996). Wilcocks was a philosophically oriented professor of modern French literature at the University of Alberta, Canada. FIELDS: 2-Star/Chess/Games/
ii Mousetraps and the Moon: The Strange Ride of Sigmund Freud and the Early Years of Psychoanalysis. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2000, xix+290pp. LOC: San Diego State U. More against Freud as theorist and Freudianism as a diagnostic and treatment method. Wilcocks is most convincing when quoting his sources and least so when expressing moralistic outrage. Psychoanalysis has done much harm and little good but I see no need to treat it as a contemporary threat better to just dismiss it as a tired old joke. FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/
Wildhorn, Sorrell iiii The Potentialities of Deception as a Survival Aid for a Retaliatory Missile Force. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation, Nov 1962, 39pp. Published as Memorandum RM-3355-PR. LOC: BW3. This USAF-sponsored study presents a mathematical model of the cost-effectiveness of deception. It is of extraordinary interest because, while applied only to missile defense, I judge it equally applicable to all deception environments. If so, Wildhorn has given us the Lanchester Equations of Deception. See Lanchester (1916). RAND ABSTRACT (complete & verbatim): An examination of the potential of deception as a survival aid for a retaliatory missile force. Deception is viewed as any measure that induces a conservative enemy planner to assign a fraction of his attacking force to false targets, thus diluting his attack and correspondingly increasing the expected surviving fraction of the defender's retaliatory force. A generalized cost-effectiveness analysis indicates that successful, inexpensive (10 percent of system cost ) deception measures show handsome payoffs over a wide range of enemy attack characteristics. Moderately costly measures (25 percent of system cost) show more limited utility; and expensive measures (over 40 percent of system cost) indicate rapidly diminishing payoffs. Two hedges against failure of deception are suggested: (1) if possible, design the scheme so as to retain the option to convert to the "real thing"; and (2) allocate the budget to a greater-than-optimal fraction of missiles so that, although payoffs are decreased if deception is successful, penalties are reduced if deception fails. The author was a researcher at RAND in the 1960s-80s. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 4-Star/Deception/Military/
Williams, Burton [joint pseudonym of Paul Burton Spencer & Jeffrey W. Busby] iiii Dice: Squares, Tops and Shapes. Las Vegas: GBC Press, 1982, 104pp. LOC: BW; UC. The best text on cheating at dice and how to detect it. Based on the early drafts (including that of 1978) developed by the authors for the Police College of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Spencer used this as his text in lecturing to the RCMP. Particularly important for showing how to detect the theft of chips that even elude the close surveillance of the casinos Eye in the Sky.
The late Mr. Spencer had been a professional dice cheat and Busby is a publisher, editor, and writer of advanced texts for magicians. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 4-Star/Games/Counterdeception/
Busby (1999)
Williams, Daniel i Sure, Its Real Real Fake, Washington Post (12 Sep 2004). LOC: BW (copy). News story about Italian sociologist Salvatore Casillos museum of art fakes, which he opened in 1991 in Salerno. See Appendix A under 1991". FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/Italy/
Williams, David [L.] (1946- ) ii Liners in Battledress: Wartime Camouflage and Colour Schemes for Passenger Ships. London: Conway Maritime Press Ltd., 1989, 160pp. LOC: NPS. A comprehensive account covering the Victorian age and the two world wars. Williams is a Welsh author of several illustrated books on naval and maritime subjects. FIELDS: 2-Star/Camouflage/
ii Naval Camouflage 1914-1945: A Complete Visual Reference. London: Chatham, 2001, 256pp. LOC: British L. US reprint, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001. LOC: NPS; Stanford. Superb coverage. Many photographs but often of unnecessarily poor quality. Interesting that he could write such a generally good book but not see its connection to other forms of military camouflage such as the classic Solomon (1920). Hence fails to understand the underpinning principles of camouflage. CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 2-Star/Camouflage/
Williams, Robert Commanders and Surprise, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.26, No.3 (Fall 1982), 9-19. LOC: not seen. FIELDS: ?-Star/Surprise/INTEL-consumer/
Williams, Robert V., (1938- ) and Ben-Ami Lipetz (1927- ) (editors) iii Covert and Overt: Recollecting and Connecting Intelligence Service and Information Science. Medford, NJ: Information Today, Inc., 2005, iv+250pp. LOC: BW3; NPS. A collection of 17 articles original, modified, and reprinted by as many specialists, British as well as American. All these pieces are interesting and a few surprisingly good for collections of this type.
Dr. Williams was a 1978 U of Wisconsin PhD in Information Studies. Dr. Lipetz was a 1959 Cornell PhD in Public Administration. FIELDS: 3-Star/INTEL/
Williamson, Doris M., and Antoinette E. Meenach i Cross-Check System for Forgery and Questioned Document Examination. Chicago: NelsonHall, 1981, 115pp. LOC: George Mason U. Williamson advocates her cross-check system, which it turns out merely means to have a second, independent examiner (p.xvi). Ho hum. The authors are professional graphoanalysts. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/Methodology/
Willis, Gordon B[ruce] i Cognitive Interviewing: A Tool for Improving Questionnaire Design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2005, xii+335pp. LOC: NPS. The most comprehensive textbook to date on this particular interviewing technique, one that enables both data or information purveyors (such as advertisers) and data collectors (such as survey researchers) to discover how targeted audiences understand, mentally process, and respond to the materials we present to them. This type of cognitive interviewing must be distinguished from the samenamed technique invented by Fisher & Geiselman (1992) for sharpening memory recall by eyewitnesses to crimes. Dr. Willis (PhD in cognitive psychology from Northwestern) specializes in questionnaire design and cognitive interviewing. FIELDS: 1-Star/Interrogation/
Wilson, Colin (1931- ), & Damon Wilson iii Written in Blood: A History of Forensic Detection. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2003, xi+690pp. LOC: CalStateU-Sacramento. A popular but competent survey. See also Thorwald (1964 & 1967). CW is a best-selling British writer on criminology and psychology. DW is a freelance non-fiction writer. FIELDS: 3-Star/Forensics/
Wilson, E. Gordon, Jr. iii The Ghost Army, 1944-1945: as played by the men of the 23rd Headquarters, Special Troops. Woodstock, GA: E. G. Wilson, 2001, 107pp. LOC: Congress. A personal memoir of a T5 (corporal) driver with a radio deception unit in the 23rd. Covers Operation Kodak (the Two Pattons Ruse) on pp.66-67. See also Official History 23rd (1945), Whaley (21 Oct 1987), Kneece (2001), Gawne (2002), and Gerard (2002). FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/USA/
Wilson, Edward O. (1929- ) iii Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1975, ix+697. Reprinted with new introduction, 2000, xiii+697pp. Dr. Wilson was and is an entomologist at Harvard. Although Wilson had already defined the subject four years earlier in his The Insect Societies (1971), this was the first general textbook to summarize the findings about the animal world in the then new field of sociobiology or evolutionary psychology that had been founded by Hamilton (1964). Wilson's conclusions about the genetic determinants of animal social behavior was generally accepted by his peers. However, his final (27th) chapter, which extended these conclusions into the human sphere, was not. It conjectured that the human brain, sensory organs, and endocrine systems evolve genetically to predispose individuals toward certain favored general traits of behavior. This extension was deservedly controversial because, at that time, the evidence was thin. Still, it evoked an hysterical and vicious reaction from the "politically correct" New Left witchhunters of American academia, including Richard Lewontin and Stephen Jay Gould and seconded by Steven Rose and Leon Kamin. Fortunately Prof. Wilson had strong defenders in the likes of Robert Trivers and Richard Dawkins. And, even more fortunately, his conjectures are now (2005) virtually the orthodoxy among scientists. See Gould (1981), Trivers (1985), and Krebs & Dawkins (1985). FIELDS: 3-Star/Evolution/Biology/
ii Naturalist. Washington, DC: Island Books, 1994, xii+380pp. Autobiography. FIELDS: 2-Star/
Wilton, George Wilton (1862- ) i Fingerprints: History, Law and Romance. London: William Hodge and Company, Limited, 1938, xix+317pp. Foreword by Dr. Robert Heindl. Facsimile reprint 1971. LOC: Florida International U. A history that jumps a bridge too far in lawyer Wiltons otherwise admirable effort to restore proper recognition to his fellow Scot, Dr. Henry Faulds, for the latters pioneering contributions to the art and science of fingerprinting. While it is true that Sir Francis Galton and the Herschel faction had rather shoddily tried to underplay and even disregard Faulds early work, Faulds own intemperate defense worked against him. See also Galton (1892), Faulds (1905), and Cole (2001). FIELDS: 1-Star/Fingerprints/
Wind, Edgar (1900-1971) ii Art and Anarchy: The Reith Lectures 1960, revised and enlarged. London: Faber and Faber, 1963, xii+194pp. LOC: Getty; Oxford. Reprinted, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964, 194pp. LOC: Barry University. Focuses closely on the analytical methods of art authentication introduced by Giovanni Morelli. See also Wollheim (1974). The German-born author was Professor of the History of Art at Oxford. FIELDS: 2-Star/Art/Methodology/
Windischgraetz, Prince Lajos (1882-1968) ii My Adventures and Misadventures. London: Barrie and Rockliff, 1966, xii+227. Edited and translated from the German by Charles Kessler. Foreword by C. A. Macartney. LOC: BW3 (gift from RHS); Oxford. Autobio of an Austrian maverick who, among many other odd activities, had been involved in 1925-26 in the Hungarian governments secret counterfeiting of French paper currency. Thanks to Richard Harris Smith for bringing this obscure but relevant book to my attention. FIELDS: 2-Star/Currency/Biography/
Wingate, Sir Ronald (1889-1978) Historical Record of Deception in the War against Germany and Italy. Typescript, 1947. LOC: Public Record Office, England; not seen. This is Sir Ronalds official classified post-action narrative. Written during a six-month period in 1946-47. Reportedly two copies were given the Americans, one to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the other to the Office of Naval Intelligence. See Verbatim Transcript (1971), 36-37, 170-171. First made use of by Howard (1990). Also Dovey (1996 & 1997). FIELDS: ?-Star/Deception/Britain/
iii Not in the Limelight. London: Hutchinson, 1959, 232pp. LOC: BW; UC; Oxford. Memoirs of a senior British deception planner during WW II when he served with Col. Bevans London Controlling Section 1941-44 and Col. Peter Flemings D-Force in India 1944-45. These experiences are sketched on pp.183-219. For additional biographical details see Hart-Davis (1975) and Wheatley (1980). REV: Constantinides (1983), 489-490. FIELDS: 3-Star/Deception/Britain/
Winkler, Ira ii Spies Among Us: How to Stop the Spies, Terrorists, Hackers, and Criminals You Dont Even Know You Encounter Every Day. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2005, xix+326pp. LOC: Mid-Continent PL (independence, MO). On corporate and industrial espionage and counter measures. Despite its tacky title, generally recommended by security specialists. Winkler is a former NSA cryptanalyst. Thence a private corporate electronic security consultant in Washington, DC. FIELDS: 2-Star/HUMINT-industry/Terrorism/
Winks, Robin W. (editor) (1930- ) ii The Historian as Detective: Essays on Evidence. New York: Harper & Row, 1969, 543pp. LOC: NYU; San Diego PL; U of Hong Kong. A valuable collection of 26 pieces on historical methods. Winks was a history professor at Yale and a detective fiction & espionage fact buff. See also Davidson (2004). FIELDS: 2-Star/Historiography/
Winner, Ellen, [and] Hiram Brownell, Francesca Happ, Ari Blum, and Donna Pincus ii Distinguishing Lies from Jokes: Theory of Mind Deficits and Discourse Interpretation in Right Hemisphere Brain-Damaged Patients, Brain and Language, Vol.62 (1998), 89-106. LOC: BW (copy). Dr. Winner (1978 PhD Harvard) is a Professor of Psychology at Boston College. See also Brownell & others (1983). FIELDS: 2-Star/Humor/Lying/
Winterbotham, F[rederick] W[iliam] (1897-1990) i The Ultra Secret. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1974, xiii+199pp. LOC: Congress; British L. On the British success in WW II of breaking the key German codes. Influential but now thoroughly superceded as a research source. This book first officially broke the ULTRA story, although the main part of the story had already been publicized in Poland (in 1967) and France (in 1968). Written from memorya very shaky memory that has been corrected by other later writers, beginning with the British official history by Hinsley (1979). Unfortunately this book launched the miserable libel that Churchill, in an effort in 1940 to protect ULTRA, had sacrificed the town of Coventry to Luftwaffe bombers, a myth scuttled by Jones (1978) but perennially raised by gullible conspiracy theorists. RAF Wing-Commander Winterbotham had been responsible during WW II for the distribution of ULTRA. REV: David Hunt in Times Literary Supplement (13 Dec 1974), 1425. REV: David Kahn in New York Times Book Review, 29 Dec 1974), 5. Critical. REV: Constantine Fitzgibbons in Encounter, Vol.44 (Mar 1975), 81-85. Critical. REV: Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1975. REV: Roger L. Spiller in Military Affairs, Vol.40 (Apr 1976), 49-53. REV: Constantinides (1983), 493-494. Cautions about its errors. REV: M. R. D. Foot in Times Literary Supplement (7 Jan 2000). Rightly stresses the memory slips. FIELDS: 2-Star/INTEL-collection/Cryptology/
Winton, John (1931- ) iii Below the Belt: Novelty, Subterfuge and Surprise in Naval Warfare. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1981, 192pp. LOC: San Diego State U; Oxford; Australian Defence Force Academy. The history, theory, methods, and material of world-wide naval deception and surprise. Winton is a prolific English writer on British naval history. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/
Wirtz, James J. (1958- ) iii The Intelligence Paradigm, Intelligence and National Security, Vol.4, No.4 (Oct 1989), 829-837. LOC: BW (copy); Annapolis. A review of Kam (1988) in which Wirtz takes the opportunity to launch his own developing theory of surprise. Important mainly for his brief history of how this paradigm of the analysis of strategic surprise developed. However this history is fatally flawed by demoting Roberta Wohlstetter to being a mere recipient of an inordinate amount of attention for contributing only one case study (Pearl Harbor). On the contrary, her Wohlstetter Model introduced the entire Surprise-is-Inevitable Paradigm, which has been the dominant model since 1962. Moreover he neglects to mention the competing deception model advanced by Harris and Whaley (1973). See also Shulsky (2002) and Wirtz (2003). FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/
iii The Tet Offensive: Intelligence Failure in War. Ithica, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991, x+290pp. LOC: NPS. An important case study of the Vietnam Wars crucial 1968 Tet Offensive in the Vietnam War, a highly consequential operational surprise. REV: Sandra C. Taylor in Intelligence and National Security, Vol.8, No.1 (Jan 1993), 119-121. Despite minor flaws, this is a very useful book. REV: Christopher Brady in Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.16, No.1 (1993), 124. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/Vietnam/
ii Theory of Surprise, in Betts & Mahnken (2003), 101-116. A bold (but not the authors claimed first) attempt to construct a comprehensive theory of surprise. Gives three interesting but shaky corollaries underlying what is at best still only a very weak proto-theory. Acknowledges building on Handels case-study-based notions and using the similar argument about the prospects for a theory of deception in Whaley & Busby (2002). See also Casti (1994) and Watts (1996 & 2004). Wirtz was Professor and Chairman of the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Surprise/
Godson & Wirtz (2002) Johnson & Wirtz (2004)
Wise, Thomas J. (1859 - 1937) SEE: Carter & Pollard (1934) Altick (1950) Wiseman, Richard (1966- ) ii Deception & Self-Deception: Investigating Psychics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1997, 266pp. LOC: BW. Incorporates most of the more common relevant psychological constructs. Dr.
Wiseman, an Englishman, is a psychologist and a former professional magician in Britain. See also Meke (2000). FIELDS: 2-Star/Psi/Deception/Self-deception/
iii The Luck Factor, Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.27, No.3 (May/Jun 2003), 26-30. Reports Wisemans own research showing that so-called lucky people are simply skilled at making their own luck in four ways (p.29): 1) Creating or noticing chance opportunities; 2) making fortunate decisions through heeding their intuitions; 3) making self-fulfilling prophesies from positive expectations; and 4) adopting a resilient attitude that transforms bad luck into good luck. FIELDS: 3-Star/Intuition/
________, and Robert L. Morris (1942- ) iii Guidelines for Testing Psychic Claimants. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1995, 109pp; the earlier British edition Hatfield: U. of Herfordshire Press, 1995, 72pp. LOC: BW. Busby judges that this book gives the latest and best protocols for psychic research. Prof. Morris holds the Koestler Chair in Parapsychology at Edinburgh University. CLASSES: FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 603/ 3-Star/Psi/
Lamont & Wiseman (1999)
Wohlstetter, Roberta (1912- ) iiiii Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962, 426pp. Foreword by Thomas Schelling. Also in PB. LOC: NPS; Air U; Oxford. The classic study of intelligence analysis, taking the 1941 Japanese surprise attack as its case example. It has become the single most influential study of strategic surprise. This fine book launched Wohlstetters revolutionary and extraordinarily influential theory that it is almost always only in hindsight that we can separate the signals warning of an impending strategic surprise from the ambient noise. See critiques in Whaley (1969 & 1973). Mrs. Albert Wohlstetter was with her nuclear strategist husband at The RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California, in the late 1950s when she was inspired by fellow RAND colleague Andrew Marshall to study the Pearl Harbor attack as an example of strategic surprise. Marshall, concerned with the threat of a possible Soviet nuclear Pearl Harbor, urged her to undertake her study. Among many other things, it turned up the fact that the Japanese Navy had war-gamed the attack, an ironic point considering that Marshall had since 1955 become a strong advocate of war gaming. Researched and written on a classified basis during the next five years of research by Mrs. Wohlstetter in the 1950s while she was with RAND. Declassified after a capricious process. Won a 1963 Bancroft Prize, the most prestigious American literary prize in history.
REV: Studies in Intelligence, Summer 1963. REV: Blackstock & Schaf (1978), 36-37, 229. Quotes and seemingly accepts my criticisms in Whaley (1973). REV: Constantinides (1983), 497-498. REV: Allen (1987), 149, 364. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 5-Star/INTEL/Surprise/Japan/ CLASSES: 603/
iii Cuba and Pearl Harbor: Hindsight and Foresight. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., Apr 1965, vi+41pp. Issued as RAND Memorandum RM-4328-ISA. LOC: U.S. Naval War College; U of West Florida; Kings College (London). Reprinted in Foreign Affairs, Vol.43 (Jul 1965), 691-707. LOC: BW (copy). Sees the Cuban Missile Crisis as a rare case where, unlike the Pearl Harbor attack, signals barely managed to win out over noise among the American intelligence analysts and decision makers. This study had been prepared for the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. REV: Constantinides (1983), 496-497. FIELDS: 3-Star/Surprise/Cuba/Russia/USA/
ii The Pleasures of Self-Deception, The Washington Quarterly, Vol.2, No.4 (Autumn 1979), 54-63. LOC: BW. Backslides from her exciting original stress on the signals-noise model to emphasize the tired old self-deception one. Well-critiqued by Stech (1980). FIELDS: 2-Star/Self-deception/
ii "Slow Pearl Harbors and the Pleasures of Deception," in Pfaltzgraff, Raanan, & Milberg (1981), 23-34. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Self-deception/
Wolf, Markus (1923- ), with Anne McElvoy (1965- ) ii Man Without a Face: The Autobiography of Communisms Greatest Spymaster. New York: Times Books/Random House, 1997, xii+367pp. Memoirs by the ex-chief of foreign intelligence (HVA) of the former East German Ministry of State Security (Stasi) from 1952 until his retirement in 1986. Ever-cautious, Wolf tells us little if anything not already known to the public or his old opponents, makes a few odd misstatements, and is silent on some matters of which he must have had personal knowledge. Still a fascinating insiders overview for my non-expert eyes. An earlier biography is Leslie Collitt, Spymaster: The Definitive Story of Markus Wolf (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995).
REV: David E. Murphy in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.11, No.1 (Spring 1998), 93-104. Missing from his memoir are the insights Wolf could have given us into Soviet-East German relations, particularly in the fields of intelligence and state security.... FIELDS: 2-Star/Espionage/Biography/
Wolfe, Art (ca.1952- ) i Vanishing Act. New York: Bulfinch Press, 2005, 144pp. Photos and Preface by Art Wolfe. Text and Introduction by Barbara Sleeper. LOC: Dane Country Library Service. A photographic collection of 126 photos collected in 25 countries throughout the Earth by Art Wolfe of dozens of naturally camouflaged animals, showing their incredible ability to vanish in plain sight. These include a lion, seal, lizard, snake, and insects. Its main value here is as a possible source of illustrations for lectures or a chapter on camouflage in nature. Wolfe is a widely published American professional photographer whose first picture book, Migrations (1994), was inspired by Escher in its depiction of massed animals in movement. Sleeper is an American science writer, FIELDS: 1-Star/Camouflage/Zoology/
Wolfenstein, Martha (1911-1976) iii Childrens Humor: A Psychological Analysis. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1954, 224pp. Reprinted, Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1978, 224pp. With a new Foreword by Alan Dundes. LOC: BW. An intelligently designed study that yielded interesting and valuable conclusions. Although based on largely Freudian interpretations, the childrens jokes and their responses to jokes were collected in the authors interviews with 145 young people (ages 4 to 17 and mainly from Jewish professional families) in a New York private school. A collaborators interviews with 18 children from rural Kansas showed no great differences in either the jokes told or their appreciation. Dr. Wolfenstein (1939 Radcliffe PhD in sociology) specialized in child psychology and was a child therapist. As a sometime collaborator of Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, and Nathan Leites, she wrote only in the best company. REV: Erving Goffman in American Journal of Sociology, Vol.61 (1955), 283-284. Praiseful. FIELDS: 3-Star/Humor/Children/
Wolk, Dr. Robert L., and Arthur Henley i The Right to Lie: A Psychological Guide to the Uses of Deceit in Everyday Life. New York: Peter H. Wyden, Inc., 1970, 247pp. LOC: BW. See also Gitter (1963) and Nyberg (1993) for similar pragmatic defenses of deception; and compare Bok (1978 & 1982) and Cooper (1998) for moral and ethical condemnations.
Wolk was a clinical psychologist, Henley a freelance writer specializing in mental health problems. FIELDS: 1-Star/Lying/
Wollheim, Richard (1923- ) i On Art and the Mind. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1974, 338pp. A collection of generally turgid essays by a prominent philosophy professor at the University of London. Most relevant here is his previously unpublished address, Giovanni Morelli and the Origins of Scientific Connoisseurship (pp.177-201), originally given for the Department of the History of Art at the University of Cambridge. See Wind (1963) for an earlier but more cogent analysis of Morelli. FIELDS: 1-Star/Art/
Wolseley, Field-Marshal Sir Garnet (1833-1913) SEE: Lehmann (1964) Wood, James M. (1951- ) ii Weighing Evidence in Sexual Abuse Evaluations: An Introduction To Bayess Theorem, Child Maltreatment, Vol.1, No.1 (Feb 1996), 25-36. Concludes that rare diseases tend to be overdiagnosed, often leading to more than 50% false positives, as in the case of Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy (MSBP). See Mart (2002), 46-47. Dr. Wood (PhD in psych, U of Arizona) specialized in forensic psychology. FIELDS: 2-Star/Bayes/
________, Teresa Nezworski, Scott O. Lilienfeld and Howard N. Garb ii Whats Wrong with the Rorschach?: Science Confronts the Controversial Inkblot Test. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003, x+446pp. Concludes that Rorschach tests have negligible diagnostic value and should be kept out of courtrooms. The authors condensed their book as The Rorschach Inkblot Test, Fortune Tellers, and Cold Reading, Skeptical Inquirer, Vol.27, No.4 (Jul/Aug 2003), 2933, 61. All four authors are psychologists, Garb is also a psychiatrist. REV: An illuminating review is Crews (2004). FIELDS: 2-Star/Psychotherapy/
Wood, R[obert] W[illiams] (1868-1955) SEE: Seabrook (1941) Woodland, Les (1947- ) iii The Crooked Path to Victory: Drugs and Cheating in Professional Bicycle Racing. San Francisco: Cycle Publishing/Van der Plas Publishers, 2003, 192pp. LOC: Johnson County PL (Kansas); Oxford; British L. A light-hearted but detailed and documented account of the many forms of illegal practices found widely in international cycling, including the Tour de France. One of the best books on cheating in sports.
The author was an English cyclist and had been a freelance writer on cycling for the previous three decades. FIELDS: 3-Star/Sports/
Woods, R. S. M. (1961- ) iii Police Interrogation. Toronto: Carswell, 1990, xiii+255pp. LOC: Congress; U of Toronto. Although concentrated on interrogation in the Canadian legal setting, this study has much broader application. Based on Woods 1985 Master of Laws thesis from Toronto U. CLASSES: FIELDS: 601/603/ 3-Star/Interrogation/Canada/
Woodward, David (1909- ) ii The Secret Raiders. London: William Kimber, 1955, 232pp. LOC: Oxford. New York: W. W. Norton, 1955, 288pp. LOC: NPS. The story of Germanys armed merchant raiders in WW II. For their British counterparts in WW I see Campbell (1928). Woodward was a prominent English naval historian and BBC broadcaster. FIELDS: 2-Star/Camouflage/Germany/
Worrall, Simon i The Poet and the Murderer: A True Story of Literary Crime and the Art of Forgery. New York: Dutton, 2002, xv+270pp. LOC: Pacific Grove PL. The most recent of the several books on the famous Hofmann forgeries of Mormon documents. Greatly weakened by omission of references, bibliography, and index, not to mention his gratuitous play to the gallery by focusing on Emily Dickinson, a minor target of Hofmanns forgeries. A cautionary tale that newer isnt necessarily better. See instead under Rosenblum (2000). The author is an English journalist. FIELDS: 1-Star/Documents/Biography/
Wraight, Robert (1913- ) iii The Art Game Again! London: Leslie Frewin, 1974, 240pp. LOC: Sam Houston State U (Huntsville, TX); Cambridge. This is an updated and extensively rewritten edition of Wraights The Art Game (London: Frewin, 1965, 184pp). His ethic of which I approve is Personally I do not give a damn if investors in art, especially big-business investors, get their fingers burned. (p.13). The author was a British artist who worked after WWII as a London newspaper art & theater critic until 1965 when he turned to art dealing. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/Business/
Wrangham, Richard [W.] (1948- ) ii Is Military Incompetence Adaptive, Evolution and Human Behavior, Vol.20, No.1 (1999), 317. LOC: BW (copy). Proposes the amusing theory of Positive Illusions whereby self-deceptive beliefs in ones combat superiority confers evolutionary advantage because it sometimes leads to victory that special class of useful self-fulfilling prophesies. The superficial plausibility of this hypothesis vanishes in the face of both numerous counter-examples and the likelihood that hubris is probably equally the sin of both attackers and defenders. Dr. Wrangham is a Professor of Anthropology at Harvard. See also D. Johnson, Wrangham, & Rosen (2002) and D. Johnson (2004). FIELDS: 2-Star/Self-deception/Evolution/
Wright, Christopher (1945- ) ii The Art of the Forger. London: Gordon Fraser, 1984, 160pp; New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1985, 160pp. LOC: BW; Monterey PL. Although this book attempted to expose as modern fakes several oils attributed to French master Georges de la Tour, it was later shown that two or three are probably genuine, particularly The Fortune Teller, which had been authenticated by Sir Anthony Blunt. See Hoving (1996) and Miranda Carter, Anthony Blunt (2001). Wright, educated in art history under Blunt at the Courtauld Institute and deputy librarian of the Witt Library 1969-78, is now a freelance expert adviser for public and private purchases of 17th century paintings. FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/
Wright, Patrick (1951- ) iii Cubist Slugs, London Review of Books, Vol.27, No.12 (23 Jun 2005). LOC: Internet. A review of Bleckman & Newman (2004) that expands on their take on camouflage, particularly with much background on the views of British artist-camoufleur Solomon J. Solomon. Prof. Wright teaches cultural studies at the Institute for Cultural Analysis in England. FIELDS: 3-Star/Art/Camouflage/
Wright, Peter (1916-1995), with Paul Greengrass (1956- ) iiii Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer. New York: Viking, 1987, 392pp. LOC: BW. Must reading for its step-by-step recollections of how one trained scientist assigned to counter-espionage thought his way into his assignments. It is this man's account of his thinking and planning process in deception and counterdeception that is important. Dont be deterred from reading this book because of the controversy surrounding the author's alleged motives of vindictiveness and money-grubbing for publishing, much less that all its major revelations had previously been leaked through Chapman Pincher's Too Secret, Too Long (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984).
REV: Harrison Smith in International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Vol.1, No.1 (Spring 1986), 143-144. REV: Norman Friedman in U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol.115, No.8 (Aug 1989), 107-108. Both Friedman and Wright raise the right questions. REV: Cram (1993), 42-51, gives detailed reviews of the literature about Wright and his book. REF: An instructive account of the British governments unsuccessful efforts to suppress publication of Wrights memoir is: Malcolm Turnbull, The Spycatcher Trial (London: Heinemann, 1988). REV: Cram (1993), 46-48, reviews Turnbull. For general spy-catching see also Pinto (1952), Cooper & Redlinger (1988), Herrington (1999), and May (2002). On scientific intelligence analysis see also Mathams (1982). SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/Cl/ CLASSES: 4-Star/Counterdeception/Biography/ 602/
Wright, Quincy (1890-1970) SEE UNDER: Dupuy (1985) Wrtenberger, Th[omas] (1907- ) SEE UNDER: Van der Waal (1962) Wynn, Karen, and Wen-Chi Chiang iii Limits of Infants Knowledge of Objects: The Case of Magical Appearance, Psychological Science, Vol.9, No.6 (Nov 1998), 448-455. LOC: BW (copy); Lawrence UL (Appleton, WI). One of an important series of papers published 1990-2002 in which Dr. Wynn, an MIT PhD in cognitive science, made important discoveries of how infants perceive numbers and objects. At the time of writing this paper she and her co-author were at the University of Arizona. See also http://www.yale.edu/psychology/FacInfo/Wynn.html and Hauser (1997); Pinker (1997), 338-339. Wynn is now a professor of cognitive and developmental psychology in Yales psych department, and a major researcher in Yales Infant Cognition Laboratory. FIELDS: 3-Star/Perception/Children/
-XXenakis, Christopher I. ii What Happened to the Soviet Union? How and Why American Sovietologists Were Caught by Surprise. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002, xi+237pp. LOC: NPS; Marine Corps U. Concludes that the virtual scholarly consensus that the basic nature of the USSR was unchanging locked out consideration of the increasing signs of and pressures for change. See also Seliktar (2004). Compare Bruce D. Berkowitz and Jeffrey T. Richelson, The CIA Vindicated: The Soviet Collapse Was Predicted, The National Interest, Vol.41 (Fall 1995), 36-47. Xenakis was an assistant professor of political science at Tidewater Community College in Norfolk, VA. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surprise/Russia/
Xu Bangda Gu shuhua weie kaobian [On Forgeries of Ancient Calligraphy and Painting], 2 volumes, Nanjing: Jiansu guji chubanshe, 1984. LOC: not seen. See also Zrcher (1955), Yang (1996), Wang (1997), Smith & Fong (1999), and Whitfield (2002). FIELDS: ?-Star/Painting/China/
-YYadin, Y[igael] (1917-1984) ii For By Wise Counsel Thou Shalt Make Thy War: A strategical analysis of last years battles, in Liddell Hart (1954), 396-401. Writing as General Y. Yadin. On the four main battles in 1948 between Israel and the Arabs. Includes the authors description of his role as a deception planner in Operation AYIN (1947-48) when he was the Israeli Armys Chief of Operations. This piece is a condensed English translation of Yadins article that had appeared in Hebrew in Bamachaneh (Sep 1949), the official journal of the Israel Defence Force (IDF). Gen. Yadin was Chief of Staff of the IDF, 1949-52. FIELDS: 2-Star/Deception/Israel/Arabia/
ii The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands in the Light of Archaeological Study. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1963, 2 volumes, 484pp. Translated from the Hebrew by M. Pearlman. Simultaneously published by in New York by McGraw-Hill. LOC: NPS; U of London. Dr. Yadin (1955 PhD in archaeology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem), wearing his archaeologists hat, analyzes the ancient records to infer the styles of war in the Near East. General Yadins combat experience and own stratagemic thinking enable him to recognize various ruses that had been used in battle that other scholars missed. REV: Sheldon (2003), 10. FIELDS: 2-Star/Archaeology/Military/
Yagy, Munenori (1571-1646) Tsuketari Hyh kadensho. Japan: 1632. iii English translation as Family Traditions on the Art of War. Included in Thomas Cleary (translator), The Book of Five Rings (Boston: Shambhala, 1993), 63-114. LOC: BW. A classic of Japanese Zen military art & science, specifically devoted to sword tactics. See also Miyamoto (1643). Yagy was a consistently victorious warrior, official Martial Arts Teacher to Shgun Tokugawa Hidetawa, and head of his Secret Service. FIELDS: 3-Star/Sports/Japan/
Yang Jen-kai (editor) ii Chung-kuo ku chin shu hua chen wei tu chien [Illustrated Handbook of Chinese Genuine and Fake Calligraphy and Painting in Every Dynasty]. Shen-yang, China: Liao-ning hua pao chu pan she, 2nd edition, 1997, 240pp. LOC: Congress; UC-Berkeley. The detailed notes are in both Chinese and English. The first edition had appeared in 1996. See also Zrcher (1955), Xu (1984), Yang (1996), Wang (1997), Smith & Fong (1999), and Whitfield (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/China/
Yang, Ren-kai (editor-in-chief) ii Genuine and Fake Illustrated Handbook of Chinese Every Dynasties Calligraphy and Paintings / Zhong-guo gu jin shu hua zhen wei tu jian. Shen-yang, China: Liao-ning hua pao chu pan she, Jan 1996, 163pp. English translation by Lie Jin-ku. Printed an edition of in 3,000 copies. NOTE: Alternatively (my preference) the title may be transliterated & translated as Illustrated Handbook of Chinese Genuine and Fake Calligraphy and Paintings in All Dynasties / Chung-kuo ku chin shu hua chen wei tu chien. LOC: UC-Berkeley; U of Kansas; Brown; Toronto. 2nd edition, 1997, 240pp. LOC: Congress; UC-Berkeley. Magnificently illustrated bi-lingual Chinese & English book. Depicts both originals and their counterfeits. Special attention is given the modern copies and pastiches by CHANG Dai-chien (Zhang Da-qian). See also Zrcher (1955), Xu (1984), Yang (1996), Wang (1997), Smith & Fong (1999), and Whitfield (2002). FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/China/
Yapp, Nick iii Hoaxers and Their Victims. London: Robson Books, 1992, 231pp. LOC: BW3; Palos Verdes PL; Cambridge. Reprinted as Great Hoaxes of the World and the Hoaxers behind Them. London: Robson Books, 1992, 231pp. LOC: Congress; Cambridge. A useful collection of historical and modern cases, one of the better books in a generally shoddy field of those on hoaxers and impostors. Yapp was former British head teacher for 27 years who turned freelance nonfiction writer and broadcaster. FIELDS: 3-Star/Hoax/
Yardley, Herbert O[sborn] (1889-1958) iii The American Black Chamber. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1931, 375pp. LOC: BW; U of Miami. Classic memoirs of a pioneering American codebreaker and expert poker player. Reveals his personality and oblique thinking. However his book has self-serving exaggerations and inaccurate details to require a skeptical approach and checking with other studies such as Kahn (1967). A fine biography is: David Kahn, The Reader of Gentlemens Mail: Herbert O. Yardley and the Birth of American Codebreaking (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, xxi+318pp.). LOC: NPS. REV: Louis Kruh in Cryptologia, Vol.28, No.2 (Apr 2004). T. R. Johnson in Studies in Intelligence, Vol.48, No.2 (2004). REV: Constantinides (1983), 504-505. Advises caution. SUBJECTS: FIELDS: A&P/ 3-Star/Cryptology/Biography/ CLASSES: 603/
Yates, Raymond F. (1895-1966) ii Antique Fakes and their detection. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1950, 229pp. LOC: Getty; Colgate U; Oxford. Reprinted. A decent survey of how to detect forgeries in furniture, glass, china, silver, and various other items. Best on wooden pieces and their hardware. See also R. W. Lee (1950), Savage (1964), Peterson (1975), and Mills & Mansfield (1979). FIELDS: 2-Star/Arts/Antiques/
Yinon, Jehuda ii Forensic and Environmental Detection of Explosives. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1999, xvii+285pp. LOC: Congress; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; Oxford. A plodding exposition. For updates see Gardner & Yinon (2004) and Schubert & Kuznetsov (2002 & 2004). Dr. Yinon (PhD in chemistry from the Weizmann Institute) was a chemist and spectroscopist with the Weizmann Institute in Rehovat, Israel, for 35 years until 2000 when he moved to the USA where he continues his work as a world-class forensic chemist, expert on mass spectrometry and explosives. FIELDS: 2-Star/WMD/
________, (editor) ii Advances in Forensic Applications of Mass Spectrometry. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2004, xvii+279pp. LOC: NPS; CalStateU-Fresno. Editor Yinon and 12 other specialists present 6 papers that survey the several ways by which the mass spectrograph can aid detection in criminal cases. FIELDS: SEE ALSO: 2-Star/Forensics/
Gardner & Yinon (2004)
Young, Martin (1947- ), and Robbie Stamp iiii Trojan Horses: Deception Operations in the Second World War. London: The Bodley Head, 1989, 261pp. Also in PB. LOC: BW; Stanford. Collection of original memoirs by 29 surviving British deception planners and operators. Particularly valuable because it covers all war zones and aspects from top level planners down to the lowliest operators. Young was a prominent British journalist. Stamp, a Cambridge history graduate, was a British TV producer. FIELDS: 4-Star/Deception/Britain/
-ZZadeh, Norman [Asker] ii Computation of Optimal Poker Strategies, Operations Research, Vol.25, No.4 (Jul-Aug 1977), 541-562. LOC: BW (copy). Reprises the earlier work by others. Particularly important for bluffing strategies. See also Neumann & Morgenstern (1947). Dr. Zadeh was a Berkeley OR researcher and author of the pioneering Winning Poker Systems (1974). FIELDS: 2-Star/Games/
Zhang, Xingye, [and] Zhang Zhanli (chief editors) Zhanyi moulue lun [The Theory of Operational Deception]. Beijing: Guofang daxue chubanshe [National Defense University Publishing House], Nov 2002, 147,000 words. ISBN 7-5626-12161. Published in a 1st printing of 3,000 copies to sell at 21.00 Yuan. iiii Campaign Stratagems. Beijing: National Defense University Publishing House, Nov 2002, 279pp. This unauthorized English translation, made in the West, is undated, hastily done, and only roughly proofed. LOC: BW3 (copy). This text is the best single piece of evidence Im aware of that reinforces the view that, as we enter the present millennium, the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) has the most sophisticated and advanced view of military deception of any of the worlds major armed forces. And it equals if not quite surpasses the best work by all but a few individual Western scholars and intelligencers. It is recent (2002), nicely updating the valuable work by Dr. Michael Pillsbury (1998 & 2000). It also supports and extends the findings about the PLA of Lt. Col. (USA Ret) Timothy Thomas (2004 & 2005) and even the PLA tactical-level deception conclusions of H. John Poole (2003). The 247,000word text covers in detail all aspects of deception at the strategic and operational levels. And it does this at depth and with considerable subtlety. This books main strength is its recognition that the doctrine of military deception expounded by Sun Tzu, Mao Tzedong, and others is not just some tired mantra to be sounded by old sages but is the very essence of all combat, binding intel, plans, and ops into one coordinated weapon of attack or defense. This general point is reinforced by the texts repeated and detailed insistence on the following specific points: ! Stratagem is deception in its broadest, all-inclusive sense not merely clever tricks, as it tends to be practiced in the West. ! Deception in this broad sense is a purely psychological process, a war of wits as valid in todays information age as in antiquity. Modern communication technology only adds some supplementary channels. The target of deception is always the enemys mind from its political elite to its mass public, from military commanders to the ranks. ! The wise deceiver will always take into account any cross-cultural differences, including any different traditions in military practice. ! The most effective deceptions require the integrated, coordinated, and simultaneous play between hiding the real (dissimulation) and showing the false (simulation). Note that this unified theory of deception runs contrary to the usual British and American view that separates camouflage & deception (C&D), cover & deception (C&D), and denial & deception (D&D).
! Finally, while deception is a cost-effective tool of the stronger, it is the essential tool of the weaker. In the human-machine system under high tech conditions, the human element will always play the decisive role. Consequently, the basic principles of [deception] under high tech conditions have not changed, and the status and function of [deception] is as important as before. ... High tech development does not negate the existence of [deception], exactly the opposite, it has pushed [deception] to a higher-level of development. I detect a few weak spots in this otherwise robust Chinese deception doctrine: ! While this doctrine incorporates every scrap of deception-related proto-theory previously developed both in and outside China (including lateral thinking and even the raw elements of Heuers Analysis of Competing Hypotheses) it falls short of combining them into a few generalizations much less any single comprehensive theory. ! Despite the authors stress on the importance of taking into account different traditions in different cultures of military practice, they seldom credit Western deceivers by name. Although they give a roughly equal number of Western and Chinese case examples of deception, it is the Chinese deceptionists who almost always get named, particularly the numerous references to Sun Tzu, Mao Zedong, and various anonymous Chinese military classics. ! This text gives only passing references to counterdeception, the detection of deception. ! Although this book shows a broad knowledge and appreciation of deception case studies, the occasional errors reveal surprising gaps in depth of critical understanding. The two Chief Editors, General ZHANG Xingye and ZHANG Zhanli are respectively, the National Defense Universitys Deputy Dean (and editor of other books on military strategy) and Joint Chief-of-Staff of the Herbei Province Military District (which includes the capital city of Beijing). CLASSES: FIELDS: 602/ 4-Star/Deception/Asymmetry/PSYOPS/China/
Ziegler, Charles A., and David Jacobson ii Spying Without Spies: Origins of Americas Secret Nuclear Surveillance System. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995, xi+242pp. LOC: NPS; Oxford. A study of the US nuclear detection activities and sensor technology from World War II until todays Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC). Ziegler was a social anthropologist at Brandeis with degrees in anthropology & physics. Jacobson was an anthropologist at Brandeis. FIELDS: 2-Star/Surveillance/
Zimbardo, Philip G. (1933- ) ii A Situationist Perspective on the Psychology of Evil: Understanding How Good People Are Transformed Into Perpetrators, in Arthur G. Miller (editor), The Social Psychology of Good and Evil (New York: Guilford, 2004), 21-50. LOC: BW (copy); California Baptist U. Despite its irrelevant moralistic and liberal-left bias, a useful summary of the research on obedience by Milgram (1963), Zimbardo himself, and others. Dr. Zimbardo is in the Psychology Department at Stanford. FIELDS: 2-Star/Criminology/
Ziskin, Jay ( -1997) iiii Coping with Psychiatric and Psychological Testimony. 5th Edition, Los Angeles: Law and Psychology Press, 1995, 3 volumes, 1416+640pp, plus 1997 Supplement. LOC: U of Louisiana. The standard guide (since the 1st edition of 1970) for trial lawyers on how to discredit expert testimony by psychotherapists. As Dr. Hagen (1997, p.302) points out, one measure of Dr, Ziskins success is that discredited forensic physicians complain on the Internet of having been ziskinized in court. Based on the authors monumental survey of the relevant literature, incorporating over 2,000 references from both the defenders and critics of mental diagnostics and behavioral predictions. See also Huber (1991), Dawes (1994), Hamstra (1994), Walker (1996), Kirwin (1997), Hutchins & Kirk (1997), Hagen (1997), and Lewis (1998). Dr. Ziskin was a lawyer (1946 USC LL.B.) and clinical psychologist (1962 USC Ph.D). CLASSES: FIELDS: 603/ 4-Star/Experts/Psychotherapy/
Ziv, Avner i Personality and Sense of Humor. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1984, xiii+189pp. LOC: Monterey Peninsula College. An inferior analysis of this old question. See also Eastman (1921), Eysenck (1947), Raskin (1998), and particularly Ruch (1998). Dr. Ziv (PhD in clinical psychology from the Sorbonne) is a psychology professor at Tel Aviv University. He has published extensively on humor since 1979. FIELDS: 1-Star/Humor/
Zrcher, E. ii Imitation and Forgery in Ancient Chinese Painting and Calligraphy, Oriental Art, New Series, Vol.1 (1955), 141-146. LOC: BW (copy). See also Zrcher (1955), Xu (1984), and Yang (1996). FIELDS: 2-Star/Painting/China/
APPENDIX A: List of Exhibitions of Fakes, Deception, and Detection This appendix lists chronologically 184 public exhibits of various types of fakes, forgeries, counterfeits, and other deceptions. These help sensitize the public as well as experts to the possibility of deceptions and their detection and some of the techniques involved. And they no doubt inspire new deceivers and give better ideas to some of the older ones. Most of these shows left records in the form of catalogs or guides. If so, they are cited here.
1878. Exhibit at the Paris Exhibition by a group of scientists of faked pre-Columbian Mexican art including stone idols and pottery. REFERENCE: Nobili (1922), 247. 1908, Spring. Whitechapel Art Gallery, London. Exhibition of copies of paintings. 1914- ?. Exhibition of Reproductions and Forgeries, Armor Department, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. A continuing exhibit in the Main Gallery. 1915. Exhibition of forgeries at the Danish Museum of Industrial Arts, Copenhagen, Denmark. CATALOG: Fortrolig Fortegnelse over en rackke Forfalskninger af kunst-haandvaerk (Kobenhavn: Danske Kunstindistrimuseum, 2 vols., 1915). 1916. Exhibit of Fakes and Reproductions at the Pennsylvania Museum in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Limited to the industrial arts, including pottery, glass, ivories, and metalwork. 372 items were shown, most from the Museums own collection but supplemented by loans from private collectors, dealers, and other museums including the Smithsonian Institution. CAT: Exhibition of Fakes and Reproductions (Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Museum, 1916, 63pp, illus. Preface by Edwin AtLee Barber.) LOC: BW; Getty; Yale; NYU; BW. 1919, 14-19 Apr. Exhibition of 70 drawings attributed to Aubrey Beardsley but all actually fakes. Shown at Harry Sidney Nichols bookshop at 17 East 33rd Street, New York. The drawings comprised 50 from Nichols collection plus 20 others. It is believed that two fakers were involved, including Nichols. CAT: Fifty Drawings by Aubrey Beardsley, selected from the collection owned by H. S. Nichols (New York: H. S. Nichols, 1920, 4pp + 50 plates). LOC: Getty. REF: Bruce S. Harris (editor), The Collected Drawings of Aubrey Beardsley (New York: Crescent Books, 1967), v, 153-198, reprints 47 of the Nichols forgeries. 1923, Sep-Oct. In Vienna, Austria, the Kunsthistorische Museum Wien exhibited Austellung geflschte Kunstwerk. I suspect this entry actually refers to the 1937 exhibit. 1924. The Burlington Fine Arts Club in London mounted the first major public exhibition of true fakes in Britain. These included forgeries, imitations, and copies of paintings, pottery, ivories, bronzes, furniture, bookbindings, and pound notes. CAT: Burlington Fine Arts Club, Catalogue of a Collection of Counterfeits, Imitations and Copies of Works of Art (London: Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1924, 112pp+55 plates). LOC: Getty; Frick; U of Minnesota; Warburg. REF: Clever Art Forgeries Lent to Exhibition, New York Times, 4 May 1924, Sect.II, p.3, col.3. On the major loan from Fogg Museum. See also Hoving (1996), 84. 1924, June. Exhibition of faked Egyptian antiquities at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. REF: Egyptian Fakes, New York Times, 8 Jun 1924, Sect.VII, p.12, col.2.
1929, May. An exhibit of forged and real statues opened in May at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. REF: New York Times, 13 May 1929, p.3, col.5; 19 May 1929, Sect.IX, p.21, col.8. 1929, April. The private antique dealers Corona Gallery in Naples showed 23 pieces by the recently exposed forger, Alceo Dossena. CAT: A catalog was issued. REF: Jeppson (1970), 76. 1930, January. Berlins Knstlerhaus [Hall of Art] gave a retrospective show of ex-forger Alceo Dossenas works, including 27 new pieces and with Dossena sculpting in person yet another large piece. This show then travelled to Paris and Vienna. REF: Jeppson (1970), 77-78. 1931. Bluett & Sons, the London dealers in orientalia, arranged a loan exhibition at their gallery of 60 genuine Ming porcelains together with their later Ching imitations and forgeries. CAT: Edgar E. Bluett, Ming and Ching Porcelains (London: Chiswick Press, 1933, 103pp). LOC: U of Michigan; Oxford; published in a limited edition of 214 copies. 1932-present. Galleria Parmeggiani, a municipal museum in Reggio Emilia in Northern Italy. The collection was created by the purchase in 1932 of the collection of Louis Marcy (Luigi Parmeggiani), a famous art faker. His collection includes many of his fakes, although none are identified as such, contrary to the recent claim by Campbell in Jones. Appropriately, the Galleria is housed in an eclectically styled modern palace. REF: Radnti (1999), 20-21; Jones (1990), 185-187. 1933. Sculptures by Alceo Dossena was exhibited in the Grand Ball Room of New Yorks Plaza Hotel on 9 Mar 1933 prior to public auction on 29 April by the National Art Galleries, Inc., New York. The 39 pieces fetched only $9,125, the top price being $675. CAT: Sculptures by Alceo Dossena (New York: 1933, 20 unnumbered pp+13 illus, Foreword by Dr. Alfred M. Frankfurter.) LOC: Getty; Oxford. REF: Jeppson (1970), 79-80. 1934. Facsimilies & Forgeries exhibit of 69 items of literary forgeries in the William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. CAT: Facsimilies & Forgeries: A Guide to a Timely Exhibition at the William L. Clements Library (Ann Arbor: 1934, 14pp, Introduction by Howard Mumford Jones, published as Bulletin #21 of the Library). LOC: Cambridge. Revised and enlarged, Ann Arbor: 1950, 26pp, published as Bulletin #59 of the Library. 1937, Sep-Oct. An exhibit of art forgeries (including pottery) at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Arranged by Drs. Leo Planiscig and Ernst Kris. CAT: Geflschte Kunstwerke: Katalog (Wien: 1937, 12pp). LOC: Warburg. REFS: Leporini, Geflschte Kunstwerke, Austellung im kunsthistorischen Museum in Wien, Pantheon, Vol.20, No.11 (1937), 352-354; Giuseppe Delogu, Vienna, und esposizione di falsi, Emporium, Vol.86 (1937), 566-567. 1937, 8 Sep-17 Oct. Copies des Matre, an exhibition of copies of masterwork paintings at the Art Museum, Basel, Switzerland. CAT: Knstlerkopien (Basel: Kunsthalle, 1937, 52pp.) LOC: Courtauld. 1938, 13 May for 2 weeks. A Jekyll-and-Hyde Exhibition of the forgeries of Thomas J. Wise at Colby College Library, Waterville, Maine. CAT: A Jekyll-and-Hyde Exhibition (Waterville, ME: Colby College Library, 1938, 9pp).
1940, 1-31 May. Art: Genuine or Counterfeit? show at the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. A loan exhibition arranged by Prof. Paul Sachs museum art class. CAT: Art: Genuine or Counterfeit? (Cambridge, Mass.: The Fogg Museum of Art, 1940, 16pp). LOC: Getty; UC-Berkeley; Columbia. 1942, 1-30 Oct. Exhibit of Thomas Wise forgeries (manuscripts and books) at the University of Texas, Austin. CAT: An Exhibition of Manuscripts and Printed Books (Austin, TX: 1942, 20pp). 1946, 1 Jun-30 Sep. Forged 19th century books and letters associated with the notorious Thomas Wise forgeries that had been sold by Wise to John Henry Wrenn and now part of the Rare Book Collection of the University of Texas Library. Exhibited at the University of Texas in Austin. CAT: Fannie E. Ratchford, Certain Nineteenth Century Forgeries: An Exhibition of Books and Letters at the University of Texas (Austin: University of Texas, 1946, 57pp). LOC: Congress; U of Toronto. 1947. An Exhibition of Cleaned Pictures, paintings restored by cleaning in an exhibition at the National Gallery, London, England. CAT: National Gallery, An Exhibition of Cleaned Pictures: 1936-1947 (London: 1947, xxiv+104pp, Foreword by Philip Hendy). LOC: Getty; Warburg. 1948. A minor exhibit showing methods of detecting forged paintings. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City organized by Director Francis Henry Taylor. REF: Means of Checking Art Works Shown, New York Times, 20 Jan 1948, p.21, col.7. 1950. Exhibit of forgeries, facsimilies, and questioned documents from the National Society of Autograph Collectors shown at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 1951-2005-present. The Muse de la Contrefaon [Museum of Counterfeits] founded in Paris. Located in Paris in an elegant townhouse. Exhibit of red-labeled counterfeits alongside their green-labled originals (green labled) of designer clothing, purses, perfumes, liquors, bank notes, etc. 1952. Fakes and Forgeries in Museums show at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, England. 1952, 5 Jul-31 Aug. Exhibit of Vincent van Gogh forgeries at the Kunstzaal Den Deijl in Breda, Holland. CAT: Tentoonstelling van een keuze uit collectie schilderijen, squarellen en tekeningen (Breda: Kunstzaal Den Deijl, 1952, [12pp]). LOC: Getty. English edition as An Exhibition of Certain Paintings, Water Colours and Drawings, from the collection of a private estate in Breda, probably dating from the end of the nineteenth century, a part of which is signed: Vincent. Breda: Kunstzaal Den Deijl, 1952, [12pp]. LOC: MOMA; Oxford. 1952. Real and fake art objects in the Vals of Echt? [False or True?] exhibition arranged by Maurits van Dantzig at the Municipal Museum (Stedelijk Museum) of Amsterdam, Holland. CAT: M. M. van Dantzig, Vals of Echt? (Amsterdam: 1952, 28pp, with summaries in English and French), catalog of the Municipal Museum, Amsterdam, exhibit; German translation as Falsch oder Echt? (1953). English translation as True or False: An Exhibition Organized and Circulated in Europe by Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Holland (Corning, NY: Corning Museum of Glass, 1953, 50pp). LOC: Getty; MOMA; Yale.
1953. The above exhibit (retitled in German Falsch oder Echt?) toured Basle and Zurich, Switzerland, and in Germany. 1953-54. The above travelling exhibit (retitled in English True or False?) toured the USA under the auspices of the Corning Museum of Glass. 1954. Take Care exhibition on the conservation of paintings and the detection of fakes. Held at the Brooklyn Museum, New York. Organized by Mr. and Mrs. Sheldon Keck. REF: Caroline K. Keck, How to Take Care of Your Pictures: A Primer of Practical Information (New York: Museum of Modern Art & the Brooklyn Museum, 1954, 54pp). LOC: UC-Berkeley; Oxford. 1954, 27 Apr-5 May. Exhibit of counterfeit postage stamps forged by Jean de Sprati. Shown in London at the British Philatelic Association. CAT: Catalogue of the Exhibition ... of the Reproductions Made by Jean de Sperati (London: British Philatelic Association, 1954, 12pp). LOC: British L. REF: The Work of Jean de Sperati (2nd edition, London: British Philatelic Association, 2 vols., 1956, 214+143pp); Tyler (1991), 124; Isnard (1960), 321. 1954, 13-27 February. Le Muse des Faux exhibit in a gallery at 214, rue du Faubourg Saint-Honor in Paris, which drew its examples internationally, but mainly from the Srets own collection of seized fakes of all kinds, from fine arts to postage stamps, the Salon Artistique de la Police de France et dOutre-Mer. Arranged by Guy Isnard, Commissaire of the Sret. CAT: Muse des Faux Artistiques (Paris: ditions Amicales, 1954, 60pp). LOC: Getty; Cornell; Oxford. REF: Andr Chastel, Le Muse du Faux Artistiques, Mdecine de France, Vol.52 (1954), 42-44; Isnard (1955), 3. 1955, 17 Jun-16 Jul. Exposition Internationale des Faux [International Exposition of Fakes] at the Grand Palais des Champs-lyses. Arranged by the National Association of Police with the assistance of the Interior Ministry, the Sret, and the Prefecture of Police. With nearly 2,000 forgeries on display, this was basically an enlarged version of the previous years show. The New Yorker's enthusiastic reviewer called it "a highly interesting, cynical exhibition of human credulity and beguiling deception." CAT: Le Faux dans lArt et dans lHistoire (Paris: Amicale Nationale des Policiers, 1955). LOC: Getty; Brandeis; Oxford. REF: Isnard (1955), 4; Isnard (1974), photo opposite p.257; Reit (1981), 195-196; Janet Flanner, Paris Journal, 1944-1965 (New York: Atheneum, 1965), 280-281. 1955. An exhibit of art forgeries in Zurich, Switzerland. REF: Rieth (1970), 7. 1959, 1 Apr. Exhibition of Thomas J. Wise Books at the Wrenn Library, University of Texas, Austin. CAT: Various Extraordinary Books Procured by Thomas J. Wise and Displayed on All Fools Day in Observance of the Centenary of His Birth (Austin: The Humanities Research Center, The University of Texas, 1959, 18pp). LOC: Congress. 1960s?. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London. A permanent exhibit of faked and forged sculpture. Conceived by Anthony Radcliffe. Located in Room 46 (since it was built). REF: Sox (1987), 72, 122, 173-174.
1961, February. Show of Forgeries and Deceptive Copies of prints and drawings, at the British Museum, London. Based mainly on the Museums own holdings and believed genuine when originally acquired. Covers fields of natural history, antiquity, coins & medals, fine arts, literature, music, and postage stamps. CAT: An Exhibition of Forgeries and Deceptive Copies Held in the Department of Prints and Drawings (London: British Museum, 1961, 29pp). LOC: Cornell; NYU; Warburg. REF: Koobatian (1987), 225, items #1794-1799, for 6 reviews of the show. 1961. Silver Stumers. An exhibition of forged and real English silver-plate at Black, Starr & Gorham, London, on the occasion of the firms 150th anniversary. A stumer is an old word for counterfeit. REF: Graham Hughes, Silver Stumers, Antiques (USA), Vol.79, No.4 (Apr 1961), 376-379. 1962, 15 May-15 Jun. Crime and the Literati: Fraud and Forgery in Literature exhibition of literary fakery at the Peabody Institute Library in Baltimore, Maryland. CAT: Crime & the Literati: Fraud & Forgery in Literature (Baltimore, MD: Peabody Institute Library, 1962, 70 unnumbered pages). LOC: UC-Berkeley; Cornell; Warburg. 1962. Bibliotheca Chimrica, an exhibition of catalogs of imaginary books at the Houghton Library, Harvard University. Presented at the annual autumn meeting of the Bibliographical Society of America. CAT: Bibliotheca Chimerica (Cambridge, Mass.: The Houghton Library, 1962, 12pp). LOC: Cornell; Brandeis; Oxford. 1964. Small exhibit titled Flschungen vorgeschichtlicher Gegenslande on forgeries of prehistoric and early historic finds mounted by the Landesmuseum for Prehistory in Halle-Saale, Germany. REF: Rieth (1970), 6-7, 108-113. 1964, Sep. Exhibition of Thomas Wise literary forgeries in Manchester Central Library, England. Most items from the collection of Alderman Maurice Pariser. CAT: G. E. Haslam (editor), Wise after the Event: A Catalogue of Books, Pamphlets, Manuscripts and Letters Relating to Thomas James Wise (Manchester: Manchester Libraries Committee, 1964, xii+86pp with a Foreward by John Carter). LOC: UC-Berkeley; Stanford; U of Michigan; U of Toronto; Edinburgh U. 1967. Fauves & Cubistes. An exhibition of forgeries of those styles at La Palette Bleue gallery on the Left Bank in Paris. CAT: Fauves & Cubistes (Paris: Romane Rive-Gauche, Palette Bleue, 1967, 60pp). LOC: Yale. 1967, 7-25 February. Misrepresentations in Graphic Art show at the Flossie Martin Gallery in New York City. Covers forgeries of prints. CAT: Misrepresentations in Graphic Art (New York: Martin Gallery, 1967, unpaged). LOC: MOMA. 1967, 1-20 May. Art: Authentic and Fake show at the Graham Gallery in New York City to benefit Big Brothers, Inc. CAT: Art: Authentic and Fake (New York: Graham Gallery, 1967, 12pp. Introduction by Sheldon Keck.). LOC: Getty. 1967. Original und Kopie exhibit of paintings at the Alte Galerie, Graz, Austria. 1967, Nov-Dec. Fakes and Frauds show at the Madison Art Center, Madison, Wisconsin.
1969-present. The Exploratorium. Housed in the Palace of Fine Arts, San Francisco. It is a museum devoted to human perception in sciences and art. Famous for its permanent exhibits of illusions. Founded in 1969 by physicist-educator Dr. Frank Oppenheimer, who served as its Director from its founding until his death in 1985. CAT: K. C. Cole, Vision: In the Eye of the Beholder (San Francisco: Exploratorium, 1978, 106pp). LOC: Imperial College (London). 1969, February. Exhibit of Fakes, Frauds and Forgeries at the Portland Art Museum, Portland, Oregon. 1969, 4-28 Mar. Exhibition held at Thomas Agnew & Sons, London. CAT: The Burlington Magazine Presents: Art Detection, Painting and the X-Ray: An Exhibition of Paintings and Related X-Ray Photograhs which Reveal Different Compositions Beneath the Surface (London: Burlington Magazine, 1969, 8pp. LOC: Birmingham, England. 1969, Apr. Forged paintings by David Stein, labeled as such. Sale show at the WrightHepburn Gallery in London beginning 29 Apr 1969. Of 40 paintings in the styles of Chagall, Braque, Picasso, and Matisse, 21 were sold, but only for about $125 to $500 each. REF: Jeppson (1970), 247-248. 1970. More Forgeries by Stein exhibition/sale at the Wright/Hepburn/ Webster Gallery in New York City on East 60th Street. Scheduled for two weeks beginning 15 September, it was closed twice by court order. During the two days of sales, of the 68 paintings shown, 46 sold. 1970, Jun. Chinese Pottery Burial Objects of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. An exhibition arranged in conjunction with the Research Laboratory for Archaeology, Oxford. CAT: Adrian M. Joseph, Hugh M. Moss, and S. J. Fleming. Chinese Pottery Burial Objects of the Sui and Tang Dynasties: An exhibition with special reference to the scientific testing of pottery wares, and the works of the forger (London: Hugh M. Moss Ltd., 1970, 79pp). LOC: Congress; Oxford; Cambridge. 1970, 6 Oct-7 Nov. Know What You See exhibit of restored paintings (whose original states were established by photo-optical techniques) organized by Louis Pomerantz for The Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. This exhibit was then intended to travel into the next year under the auspices of the Illinois Arts Council, a state agency. See also under 1976-78 for its revival. CAT: [Louis Pomerantz], Know What You See: The examination of paintings by photo-optical techniques (Chicago, 1970, 18 unnumbered pages + 5 illus.). LOC: Getty. 1971, May. Elmyr de Hory forged paintings at The Wright-Hepburn Gallery, London. 1971-72, 10 Nov-10 Jan. Bild und Forbild exhibit of forged and reproduced paintings at the Stuttgart State Gallery. CAT: Bild und Vorbild: Kopie, Replik, Variante, Fassung, Variation, Pasticcio, Flschung: Austellung aus den Bestnden der Staatsgalerie Stuttgart mit Fotodokumentation. Stuttgart: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, [1971], 27pp. LOC: Getty; U of British Columbia; Warburg. 1971-72, 20 Nov-30 Jan. Rodin Drawings, True and False exhibit at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Then traveled to the Guggenheim Museum, New York City, 9 Mar-14 May 1972. Covered 132 drawings by Rodin plus 28 forgeries, including 9 by Ernst Durig. Attendance during the 72 days of the exhibit was 65,872. REF: Elsen & Varnedoe (1971). Also a brochure by J. Kirk T. Varnedoe, Rodin Drawings, True and False (Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1971).
1972, Fall. Buyer Beware exhibition of fake and real art prints at the Martin Gordon Gallery in New York City. 1972-73. Documents Famous and Infamous exhibit at the New York Public Library. Mainly manuscripts and autographs. CAT: Lola L. Szladits, Documents: Famous & Infamous; Selected from the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature (New York: New York Public Library, 1972, 34pp). LOC: Duke; Oxford. 1972-73, 17 Dec-28 Jan. Mistaken Identity exhibition of paintings at the Hecksher Museum, Huntington, Long Island, New York. CAT: Mistaken Identity (Huntington, NY: Hecksher Museum, 1972, 36pp). LOC: Getty. 1973. Illusion in Nature and Art exhibit at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA), London. Mounted by Sir Roland Penrose, Sir Ernest Gombrich, and Richard L. Gregory. This exhibit then traveled to New York City and San Francisco. REPORT: Gregory & Gombrich (1973). LOC: BW. 1973, 1-30 Jun. Problems of Authenticity in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Art exhibit of landscape paintings and drawings at the Art Museum, Princeton University. CAT: Problems of Authenticity in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Art (Princeton: The Museum, Princeton University, 1973, 124pp). LOC: Getty; Brandeis; U of Toronto; Oxford. 1973, 11 Jul-29 Sep. Fakes and Forgeries exhibition at The Minneapolis Institute of Arts. Covered 310 works from paintings to sculpture, this was the worlds largest exhibition of faked pieces prior to the 1990 British Museum show. Organized by the Institutes estimable director, Samuel Sachs II. CAT: Fakes and Forgeries (Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1973, 270pp). LOC: Getty; Stanford; U of Toronto; Warburg. 1974, 15 Feb-15 Apr. Ossian. Exhibition of the Ossian literary forgeries by James Macpherson (1736-1796) at the Grand Palais in Paris. See also next entry. CAT: Hanna Hohl & Hlne Toussaint, Ossian (Paris: ditions des Muses Nationaux, 1974, 117pp). LOC: Columbia; Oxford; Warburg 1974, 9 May-23 Jun. The above exhibition as travelled to the Hamburger Kunsthalle, in Hamburg, West Germany. CAT: Hanna Hohl & Hlne Toussaint, Ossian und die Kunst um 1800 (Munich: Prestel, 1974, 143pp). LOC: Columbia; Indiana U; Warburg. 1974, 18 May-28 Jun. Forgeries and Restorations in American Furniture. Yale University. Part of a Yale student exhibition. CAT: Joan Katter & Michael Boodro, Forgeries and Restoration in American Furniture (1974, 63pp). 1974, Sep. The CIA and Covert Action, conference held in Washington, DC. Sponsored by the Fund for Peaces Center for National Security Studies. REPORT: Robert L. Borsage & John Marks (editors), The CIA File (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1976).
1974, 16 Oct-24 Nov. Reality and Deception. An exhibition of trompe loeil paintings at the University of Southern California. Traveled to the Seattle Art Museum (4 Dec 1974-12 Jan 1975), the Honolulu Academy of Art (23 Jan-23 Feb 1975), and the Santa Barbara Museum of Art (13 Mar-20 Apr 1975). CAT: University of Southern California, Reality and Deception (Los Angeles, USC, 1974, ca.150pp). 1974. Copias, Replicas, Pastiches exhibit at the Louvre, Paris. REF: Koobatian (1987), items #1814 & #1815 cite two reviews of this show. 1975, 14 Mar-15 Jun. Drer copies and forgeries at the Clark Art Institute in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Prepared by students in the Williams College-Clark Art Institute graduate program in art history. CAT: Drer through Other Eyes: His Graphic Work Mirrored in Copies and Forgeries of Three Centuries (Williamstown, Mass.: Clark Art Institute, 1975, 99pp). LOC: Getty; U of Michigan; Cornell; Oxford. 1976-78, opening 30 May 1976 at Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn, Michigan. The Know What You See exhibition (see also under 1970) of paintings. Organized by Louis Pomerantz for the Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (FAIC). This exhibition was to circulate nationally under the auspices of SITES, Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. CAT: Louis Pomerantz, Know What You See: The Examination of Paintings by Photo-optical Techniques (Washington, D.C.: FAIC, 1976, 19 unnumbered pages). LOC: Getty; NYU. 1976, Oct-Jan 1977. Flschung und Forschung [Forgery and Research] exhibit of folk art forgeries (219 works shown) at the Museum Folkwang in Essen, West Germany. Also toured Berlin (at the Staatliche Museum) Jan-Mar 1977. CAT: Heinz Althfer, Flschung und Forschung (Essen: Museum Folkwang, 1976, 208pp, 109 illus.). LOC: Getty; Stanford; U of Michigan; Columbia; U of Toronto; Warburg. 1977. Deceptions in Glass exhibit at the Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio. CAT: Deceptions in Glass (Toledo: Toledo Museum of Art, 1977, 4pp). 1977, 28 Jan-15 Apr. Roman Portraiture: Ancient & Modern Revivals exhibition of sculpted busts at the Kelsey Museums of Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. CAT: Elaine K. Gazda (editor), Roman Portraiture: Ancient & Modern Revivals (Ann Arbor: Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, 1977, 41pp). LOC: Getty; Oxford. 1977, 22-24 Apr. Genuine Antiques and their Counterfeits, exhibit at the Southport-Westport Antiques Show, Fairfield County Hunt Club, Long Lots Road, Westport, Connecticut. 1977, 14 May-10 Jul. The Eye of the Beholder: Fakes, Replicas, and Alterations in American Art. Exhibition of 129 works in furniture, art, and decorative arts. At the Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut. CAT: Gerald W. R. Ward (editor), The Eye of the Beholder: Fakes, Replicas and Alterations in American Art (New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 1977, 95pp+110 plates). LOC: Getty; Yale; MOMA; U of Toronto; Books on Demand. 1977, Fall. Forgery Literary and Historical, Manuscript and Printed. Exhibit at the Grolier Club, New York City.
1977-78, 19 Nov-31 Mar. Wiener PorzellanEcht oder Geflscht [Vienna PorcelainTrue or False] exhibit at the sterreichisches Museum fr Angewandte Kunste [Austrian Museum for Applied Arts], Vienna. Produced by Dr. Waltraud Neuwirth, the museums curator of glass and ceramics. BOOKLET: Waltraud Neuwirth, Der Bindenschild als Porzellanmarke: Original, Imitation, Flschung, Verflschung [The Bindenschild as porcelain mark: original, imitation, forgery] (Vienna: 1977, 16pp). BOOK: Neuwirth (1979). 1978, 19 May-29 Jul. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City. Exhibition of The Spanish Forger painter of illuminated manuscripts. This exhibit, which included about half his known works, then toured other libraries. See also subsequent showing in 1987-88. CAT: William Voelkle, The Spanish Forger (New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1979, 77pp). LOC: Getty; Stanford; U of Toronto; Oxford. 1978, 11 Jun-20 Aug. Gemlde im Licht der Naturwissenschaft [Paintings in the Light of Science] exhibit to illustrate scientific expertising of painting. Held at the Herzog Anton UlrichMuseum, Braunschweig, West Germany. CAT: Gemlde im Licht der Naturwissenschaft (Braunschweig: Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, 1978, 131pp). LOC: Getty; Warburg. 1979, 9 Feb-19 Mar. Genuine, Copy or Fake? exibition on art forgery and authentication at the Mt. Holyoke Art Museum. Produced by the participants in the Mt. Holyoke Colleges Museum Studies Seminar. CAT: Genuine, Copy or Fake?: A Museum Studies Seminar Exhibition (South Hadley, Mass.: Mt. Holyoke College Art Museum, 1979, 36pp). LOC: Smith College. 1979-80, 6 Nov-31 Mar. Exhibition of Fakes, Forgeries, Hoaxes, and Deceptions at the Founders Memorial Library, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, Illinois. Covers four centuries of literary forgeries by Psalmanazar, Chatterton, Ireland, Collier, MacPherson, Wise, etc. CAT: Anthony Bliss, Caveat Lector (De Kalb, Ill.: Founders Memorial Library, [1979], 31pp). LOC: UC-Berkeley. 1980, 9 Sep-5 Oct. Exhibit of painting forgeries and pastiches at the Akademie der Bildenden Knste in Vienna. CAT: Heribert Hutter, Original, Kopie, Replik, Paraphrase (Vienna: Akademie der Bildenden Knste, 1980, 60pp). LOC: Getty; U of Michigan; NYU; Oxford. 1980-81, 10 Oct-5 Jan. La Vie Mystrieuse des Chefs-duvre. Exhibit on the conservation, restoration, and expertising of art in the Galeries Nationales at the Grand Palais, Paris. Sponsored by the Ministry of Culture and Communication. CAT: La Vie Mystrieuse des Chefs-duvre (Paris: ditions de la Runion des Mues Nationaux, 1980, 334pp). LOC: Getty. 1981, 7 Jan-11 May. Exhibition at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C., on questions of authenticity in the field of Byzantine arts. CAT: Susan A. Boyd & Gary Vikan, Questions of Authenticity among the Arts of Byzantium: Catalogue of an Exhibition (Washington, D.C.: Trustees for Harvard University, 1981, 36pp). LOC: Getty; U of Illinois; Warburg. 1981, 1 Jul-20 Sep. Seeing is Not Believing exhibit of 39 paintings at the National Gallery of Scotland, The Mound, Edinburgh, Scotland. CAT: Seeing is Not Believing (Edinburgh: National Gallery of Scotland, 1981, 8pp, 28 illus.). LOC: Trinity College (Dublin).
1981-82, 31 Jul-3 Jan. We Never Sleep: The First Fifty Years of the Pinkertons [detective agency] exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C. CAT: Frederick Voss & James Barber, We Never Sleep: The First Fifty Years of the Pinkertons (Washington, D,C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981, 31pp). LOC: UCBerkeley; Cornell. 1981-82, 18 Sep-3 Jan. Cast and Recast: The Sculpture of Frederic Remington exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American Art, Washington, D.C. Exhibition then travelled to the Denver Art Museum, 30 [sic] Jan-14 Mar 1982; and the Amon Carter Museum, 7 May-4 Jul 1982. CAT: Michael Edward Shapiro, Cast and Recast: The Sculpture of Frederic Remington (Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981, 127pp, 98 illus.). LOC: Getty; Florida Atlantic U; Oxford. 1981-82, 27 Sep-31 Jan. Zinn [Pewter] exhibition of 115 pieces at the Dsseldorf Kunstmuseum, Dsseldorf, West Germany. CAT: Wolfgang Schepers (editor), Zinn (Dsseldorf: Kunstmuseum, 1981, 87pp). 1983. Echt Vals? [Real Fakes?] exhibit at the Allard Pierson Museum, Amsterdam, Holland. 1983, 23 Nov-22 Dec. Shown at the Clarenden Gallery, London. A loan exhibit of ancient marbles restored in the 18th centurythe near forgeries of Bartolomeo Cavaceppi (1716-1799), the prolific Italian art restorer and his employees and contemporaries. CAT: Carlos A. Picn, Bartolomeo Cavaceppi: Eighteenth Century Restorations of Marble Sculpture from English Private Collections (London: Clarenden Gallery, 1983, 85pp). LOC: Getty. 1984, 12 Jan-25 Mar. Raphal et la Seconde Main exhibit of forgeries and adaptations of paintings by Raphael. Held in the Cabinet des Estamps of the Museum of Art and History, Geneva, Switzerland. CAT: Rainer Michael Mason & Mauro Natale, Raphal et la Seconde Main (Geneva: Muse dArt et dHistoire, 1984, 290pp). LOC: Getty; Columbia; Warburg. 1984, 24-26 Feb. Fakes and Forgeries, Marriages and Deceptions, No.2 exhibit at the 14th Annual Hunt Valley Antiques Show, at Marriots Hunt Valley Inn, North Baltimore, Maryland. 1984, 17 Mar-7 May. Seeing is Deceiving exhibition of art forgeries at the Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester, England. CAT: Seeing is Deceiving: Forgery and Imitation in Pictures (Manchester: Whitworth Art Gallery, 1984, 20pp). LOC: Yale; Warburg. 1984. Exhibit of faked Egyptian artifacts at the Muses Royaux dArt et dHistoire, Brussels, Belgium. CAT: Vervalsingen van Egyptische kunst (Brussels: Muses Royaux dArt et dHistoire, 1984). 1985. From Our Attic exhibit at The Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Billings, Montana. 1985, 15 May-18 Jun. Investigations/The F.B.I. Collects exhibition at the Mcintosh/Drysdale Gallery, Washington, D.C. Arranged with the F.B.I.s cooperation . 1985, 1 Oct-16 Dec. An exhibition of Thomas J. Wise literary forgeries for the International Association of Bibliophiles, held at the Clark Memorial Library, University of California at Los Angeles. CAT: Shady Practices & Warm Regards: An Exhibition of Wise Forgeries (Los Angeles: University of California, 1985, 12pp). LOC: Warburg Institute.
1986-87. Dont Trust the Label exhibition at the London Arts Council, London. Devised and selected by David Phillips. Toured various cities, including Ferens Art Gallery in Hull (9 Aug-14 Sep 1986), Nottingham University Art Gallery, York City Art Gallery, and the Exeter Royal Albert Memorial Museum. CAT: David Phillips, Dont Trust the Label: Fakes, Imitations, & the Real Thing (London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1986, 59pp). LOC: Getty; MOMA; Yale; U of N. Carolina; Warburg. 1986, 16 Sep-14 Nov. Exhibit of modern literary forgeries at the Bavarian State Library in Munich. Produced by Gabriele Hooffacker. CAT: Literarische Flschungen der Neuzeit (Munich: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 1986, 75pp). LOC: Getty; Stanford; Florida U; Warburg. 1986, 30 Oct-11 Jan 1987. Exhibition of photographs used to falsify history. Held at the Muse dArt Moderne de la Ville de Paris. REPORT: Jaubert (1986/1989). 1987, 1-25 Apr. Exhibition of forgeries at the Municipal Library, Dijon, France. CAT: Franoise Weil, Deux Sicles de Contrefaons (XVIIe-XVIIIe Sicles) (Dijon: Bibliothque Municipale, 1987, 71pp). LOC: Oxford. 1987, 7 May-12 Jul. Fake, an exhibition of modern and post-modern art forgeries held in New York City in the New Museum of Contemporary Art at 583 Broadway. CAT: Dennis Balk and others, Fake (New York: New Museum of Modern Art, 1987, 50pp). LOC: Getty; MOMA; U of Minnesota. 1987-1988. Artful Deception: The Craft of the Forger exhibition at the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore. Museum exhibition where pairs of original and forged objects were shown side-byside and the viewers invited to identify the original. Only then was the correct answer revealed. CAT: none. REF: Radnti (1999), 103. 1987-88, 10 Dec-28 Feb. The Spanish Forger exhibition at the Haggerty Museum of Art, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. See also previous showing in 1978. CAT: The Spanish Forger: Master of Deception (Milwaukee: Haggerty Museum of Art, 1987, 47pp, Preface by Curtis L. Carter, Introduction by William M. Voelkle). LOC: Getty; U of Michigan. 1988, 1-30 Apr. Exhibit of 40 groups of folk art fakes arranged by the Museum of American Folk Art , New York (Samuel Pennington, Guest Curator) and shown at the Hirschl & Adler Folk Gallery in New York. CAT: Samuel Pennington, April Fool: Folk Art Fakes and Forgeries (Waldoboro, ME: Maine Antique Digest, 1988, 71pp with 101 ill.). LOC: BW; Getty; U of N. Carolina. 1988, 6 May-29 Oct. Vrai ou Faux exhibit in the Cabinet des Mdailles et Antiques at the Bibliothque Nationale, Paris. CAT: Vrai ou Faux?: Copier, Imiter, falsifier (Paris: Bibliothque Nationale, 1988, 175pp+22 plates). A collection of essays on various aspects of art forgery. LOC: Congress; Getty; U of Michigan; Yale; U of Toronto; Warburg; Oxford. 2nd Edition, Paris: Bibliothque Nationale, 1988, 136pp+22 plates. LOC: Congress; UC-Berkeley; Oxford; Cambridge.
1988, 11 Jun-28 Aug. The Real, the Fake, and the Masterpiece exhibition of Asian arts and forgeries at the Asia Society Galleries, New York City. The organizing curator was Mary F. Linda. CAT: The Real, the Fake, and the Masterpiece (New York: Asia Society Galleries, 1988, 63pp, with Introduction by Sherman E. Lee). LOC: UC (Berkeley); NYU; Northwestern. 1988, 11 Jun-18 Sep. Vraiment Faux, exhibit of genuine and fake art at the Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art, Jouy-en-Josas, France. Designed by Madeleine Arzenton. See under 1991 for its repeat in Italy. CAT: Madeleine Arzenton (editor), Vraiment Faux (Jouy-en-Josas: Fondation Cartier pour lart contemporain, 1988, 159pp). LOC: NYU; MOMA; Glasgow. 1988, 16 Sep-27 Nov. Exposition of forgeries, copies, and reproductions of Italian paintings held at the Palazzo Strozzi in Florence, Italy. Organized by Paolo Piazzesi. CAT: Paolo Piazzesi, Museo dei Musei (Florence: Condirne, 1988, 210pp). LOC: Congress; Columbia; U of Toronto; Italian Nat. L. Service. 1988-1989, 22 Oct-8 Jan. Exhibit of art copies, forgeries, paraphrases, plagiarisms, pastiches, originals, and reproductions held at the Art Museum, Goteborg, Sweden. CAT: Hakan Wettre (editor), Kopior, Forfalskningar, Parafraser, Plagiat, Pastischer, Repliker, Original, Reproduktioner (Goteborg: Goteborgs Kunstmuseum, 1988, 72pp). LOC: University College Library (London). 1989. Exhibit of art forgeries at the Kunstmuseum, Aarhus, Denmark. CAT: Kunst og Kunstforfalskning (Aarhus: Kunstmuseum, 1989). 1989. Exhibit of fakes and forgeries of antiquities from collections in Israel shown at the Eretz Israel Museum, Tel Aviv. CAT: Fakes and Forgeries from Collections in Israel / Ziyufim be-atikot me-osafim ba-Arets (Tel Aviv: Eretz Israel Museum, 1989, 118+26pp. In English and Hebrew.). LOC: U of Michigan; U of Toronto. 1989. Founding of the Tilleke & Gibbins Museum of Counterfeit Goods, a permanent exhibition at the companys Bangkok, Thailand, office. Covers commercial counterfeits from clothing and accessories, through cigarettes and watches, to drugs, with (in the year 2002) over 1,500 items in 20 categories. Established and maintained by the T&G law firms Intellectual Property Department that specializes in trademark and copyright protection. REF: www.tginfo.com/museum/museum.htm. Kreangsak Suwanpantakul, Real Fakes, The Nation (Bangkok: 17 Mar 2002). 1989, 20 Jan-19 Mar. An exhibition of Old Master paintings at the Milwaukee Art Museum illustrating the expertising of painings. CAT: Alfred Bader, Isabel Bader, and James Mundy, The Detectives Eye: Investigating the Old Masters (Milwaukee: Milwaukee Art Museum, 1989, 124pp). LOC: Stanford. 1990. Opening of the Museo del Collezionista dArte [Art Collectors Museum] in Milan, Italy. Founded by Gottfried Matthaes, a German physicist. Includes permanent exhibits and a major laboratory. REF: G. Matthaes, The Art Collectors Illustrated Handbook: How to tell authentic antiques from fakes (3 vols, 2000-2001, 278+128+128pp). Also in Italian and German editions.
1990. J. S. G. Boggs: Smart Money exhibition of the painters imitation paper money. Organized by and premiered at the Tampa Museum of Art (Florida). Thence travelled to the Carnegie Mellon University Art Gallery (Pennsylvania), Smith College Museum of Art (Massachusetts), Grand Rapids Art Museum (Michigan), and Laramie County Community College (Wyoming). CAT: J. S. G. Boggs: smart money (hard currency) (Tampa: Tampa Museum of Art, 1990, 40pp). LOC: Glasgow U. REF: Lawrence Wechsler, Boggs: A Comedy of Values (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999, xiv+160pp). 1990. The very popular exhibit titled Fake? at the British Museum, London. By including over 600 objects in all artistic and literary categories it was the largest and most comprehensive ever. CAT: Mark Jones (editor), Fake? The Art of Deception (1990, 312pp). LOC: Getty; Oxford. 1991-2004 - present. Museo del Falso [Museum of Fakes] opened by its founder and director, Italian sociologist Prof. Salvatore Casillo. An official Italian repository of art fakes the museum is under the Centro Studi sul Falso [Center for the Study of Fakes], which itself was founded in 1988, at the University of Salerno, Italy. 1991, 9 Feb-30 Mar. Exhibit of genuine and fake art at the Rotonda di via Besana in Milan, Italy. Presented by the Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art, Jouy-en-Josas, France. Designed by Madeleine Arzenton. A repeat of Cartiers 1988 exhibit in France. CAT: Madelaine Arzenton, Veramente Falso (Milan: A. Mondadori Arte, 1991, 209pp). LOC: Getty; Columbia; U of Michigan; U of Toronto. 1991-92, 24 Nov-5 Apr. Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-chien. An exhibit of Chinese ink paintings by the celebrated modern master, Chang Dai-chien (Zhang Daqian, 1899-1983), including some of his forgeries. Held in the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution. Subsequently toured at the Asia Society and the St. Louis Art Museum. CAT: Fu (1991). ca1992. Konrad Kujau, forger of the Hitler Diaries, opens his Galerie der Flschungen Kujau (Gallery of ForgeriesKujau) in Stuttgart, Germany, as a permanent popular exhibit. Kujau died in 2000 of stomach cancer. 1992, 3-4 Feb. International Convention on Lies, Deception, and Simulation. Held in Naples, Italy. A gathering on semioticians. REPORT: Massimo Bonfantini (editor), Menzogna e Simulazione (Naples: Edizioni Scientiiche Italiane, 1997, 308pp). LOC: Congress; Yale. 1992-93, 11 Mar-31 Jan. Mi-vrai, mi-faux = Half Truths exposition of art and other fakes and illusions at the Museum of Civilization in Qubec, Canada. CAT: Mi-vrai, mi-faux; recueil de textes (Qubec: Muse de la Civilisation, 1992, viii+128pp). LOC: Bibliothque Nationale du Qubec. English translation as Half Truths (Qubec: Muse de la Civilisation, 1992, 140pp). LOC: Bibliothque Nationale du Qubec. 1993. A Concise History of Forgery exhibit and sale designed and held by Brian BalfourOatts at his London art gallery for one month. REF: Balfour-Oatts in Hebborn (1997), 382-386. 1993-2005-present. Muse de la Magie [Museum of Magic] founded in Paris by Georges Proust, a noted French magician and collector. The collection, which is set in a large 16th Century cellar, includes 3,000 magic pros and memorabilia.
1993, Mar. Too Good to be True exhibition of faked artifacts from Tang dynasty tomb figures, through the 1936 Drakes Plate, to Bigfoots big footprints. Curated by Frank A. Norick at the Hearst Museum of Anthropolgy, University of California, Berkeley. REF: Michelle Locke (AP), Las Vegas Review, 14 Mar 1993, p.12. 1994. Caveat Emptor: Eric Hebborn and other twentieth century art forgers exhibit at the Leslie Sacks Fine Art, Los Angeles. CAT: Eric Balfour-Oatts, Caveat Emptor: Eric Hebborn and Other Twentieth Century Art Forgers (Los Angeles: Leslie Sacks Fine Art, 1994, 23pp). LOC: UCLA. 1994, Apr. The Difficulties of Attribution exhibit in London of a mix of forged paintings by various hands and genuine watercolors by forger Eric Hebborn. Designed and mounted jointly by Brian Balfour-Oatts and Julian Hartnoll. About half the items sold. CAT: The Difficulties of Attribution (London: 1994). 1994, 17 Mar-15 May. Exhibition Luvre dart sous le Regard des Sciences [Works of art from the perspective of science], Muse dArt et dHistoire, Geneva, Switzerland. CAT: Anne Rinoy & Franois Schweizer, Luvre dart sous le Regard des Sciences (Geneva: Muse dArt et dHistoire/Editions Slatkine, 1994, 230pp). LOC: Getty. 1994, 14 Sep-30 Oct. Out of the Attic: Forgeries, Treasures, and Curiosities from the Taft Collection. Exhibit at the Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati. CAT: none. 1995-1996, 10 Oct-7 Jan. Rembrandt/Not Rembrandt exhibition in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. CAT: Hubert von Sonnenburg, Walter Liedtke, and others, Rembrandt/Not Rembrandt in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Aspects of Connoisseurship, 2 vols. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1995, x+149pp, x+262pp, 413 illus. LOC: Getty; Warburg. 1995-Dec 1996. Designed to Deceive: English Pottery Fakes. Exhibition at DeWitt Wallace Decorative Arts Gallery, Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia. Organized by Janini Skeryy, Williamsburg Curator of Ceramics & Glass. REF: Lita Solis-Cohen, Designed to Deceive, Maine Antique Digest (Nov 1995). 1996, 10 Feb-7 Jul. Exhibition on Van Meegeren as forger of Vermeer paintings held at the Kunsthalle in Rotterdam, 10 Feb-2 Jun, and at the Museum Bredius in The Hague, 9 Apr-7 Jul. REPORT: D. Kraaijpoel & H. van Wjnen, Han van Meegeren, 1889-1947, en zijn meesterwerk van Vermeer (Zwolle: Waanders, 1996, 96pp). LOC: Getty; Toronto; Oxford. 1996, 12 Apr-12 May. April Fools: Fakes, Copies and the Connoisseur. Exhibition at the Art History Gallery of the Department of Art History at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Curated by Shary Costello as part of her Masters thesis in art history at that department. CAT: Shary Costello, April Fools: Fakes, Copies and the Connoisseur (Milwaukee: Art History Gallery, 1996, [15]pp. PRESS RELEASE: <www.uwm.edu/News/report/old/apr95/8430.html> REF: Shary Costello, April Fools: Fakes, Copies and the Connoisseur (Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1996, xv+49 leaves), the authors M.A. thesis. 1996, 7 Dec-24 Jan 1997. Exhibition of museum show reproductions as fakes and souvenirs held at the Offenen Kulturhaus des Landes Obersterreich. CAT: Gottfried Fliedl (1948- ) and others, Wa(h)re Kunst: oder Museumshop als Wunderkammer: theoretische Objekte, Fakes und Souvenirs (Giessen?: Anabas, 1997, 65pp. LOC: Getty.
1996-1999. Treasures of Deceit: Archaeology and the Forgers Craft. A touring exhibition arranged by Kansas Citys Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art through Robert Cohon, its curator of ancient art. Opening at the Nelson-Atkins Museum 1996-5 Jan 1997, the venues toured included the Carlos Museum at Emory College (8 Feb-18 May 1997), Bayly Art Museum of the University of Virginia (30 Jan-22 Mar 1998), the Davenport Museum of Art in Iowa (1998), the Brooks Museum of Art in Memphis (26 Nov 1998-17 Jan 1999), Lowe Art Museum of the University of Miami (13 Feb-4 Apr 1999), and the Springfield Museum of Fine Arts in Massachusetts (thru 22 Aug 1999). CAT: Robert Cohon, Discovery and Deceit: Archaeology & The Forgers Craft (Kansas City, Missouri:The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 1996, 48pp.) LOC: Getty; Durham U. REFS: The Des Moines Register (3 May 1998); Allentown Morning Call (20 Sep 1998); Antiques and Collecting Magazine, Vol.104, No.5 (1 Jul 1999), 10; Brian Haluska, Bayly showcase uncovers forged Treasures, The Daily Cavalier (U. of Virginia), 20 Feb 1998. 1996-2005->. The Art of the Fake: Egyptian Forgeries from the Kelsey Museum of Archeology. All were originally accepted as genuine; their histories and reasons for being reclassified as fakes are given for each object. A permanent Internet exhibition of photos of real and fake Egyptian artifacts acquired over the years by the Kelsey Museum, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, and shown on the electronic Internet Public Library (www.ipl.org/exhibit/kelsey) operated by the University of Michigans School of Information. 1997, 14 Mar-28 Sep. Exhibition titled LArt dImiter of forgeries and reproductions of Italian Renaissance paintings and other art objects held at the Museum of Art and History, Geneva, Switzerland. CAT: See Natale & Ritschard (1997) in Bibliography, below. 1997, 18 Jul-19 Sep. An exhibit of imitations and forgeries of various decorative arts. Held at the Bremen State Museum for Art and Culture History. CAT: Wa[h]re Originale: das Originale in der angewandten Kunst (Bremen: Bremer Landsmuseum fr Kunst und Kulturegeschichte, 1999, 186pp). LOC: Congress. 1997-1999. 27 Sep 1997-31 Jan 1999. Deceit, Deception, and Discovery, an exhibition of fakes in the decorative arts and the methods used to detect them. Held in the Graves Gallery at the Winterthur Museum in Delaware. The Museums conservator and the exhibits curator was Linda Eaton. CAT: None. 1997, 17 Oct-20 Jan 1998. Police Pictures: The Photograph as Evidence. Exhibition at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and repeated 17 Oct 1997-20 Jan 1998 at the Grey Art Gallery and Study Center at New York University. CAT: Sandra S. Philips, Mark Haworth-Booth, Carol Squiers, Police Pictures: The Photograph as Evidence (San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art/ Chronicle Books, 132pp). 1998, 19 Feb-3 May. Exhibition of fake Italian Renaissance paintings at the Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan, Italy. CAT: Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Falsi da Museo (Milan: Silvia, 1998, 65pp). LOC: Getty; U of Toronto; Oxford. 1998, 31 Mar-14 Jun. Exhibition of real and fake paintings of Willem Kalf (1619-1693) at the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid. CAT: Willem Kalf: Original y Copia (Madrid: Fundacin Coleccin, Thyssen-Bornemisza, 1998, 116pp). LOC: Getty; MOMA; Yale.
1998, April. Fake, an exhibition of counterfeits ranging from Nike shoes, through Johnny Walker whisky and Pepsi, to Picasso and Warhol paintings and a fake poster of Sound of Music. Mounted at the Collyer-Bristow Gallery in Bedford Row by the London law firm of CollyerBristow. Designed to illustrate the evils of theft of intellectual property. 1998, 1 Jun-16 Aug. Andr Mare: Cubisme et Camouflage, 1914-1918. Exhibition of painting by French painter Andr Mare (1885-1932) that began at the Municipal Fine Art Museum in Bernay, France. Then toured to Paris 15 Oct-15 Dec 1998 and Brussels Autumn 1998. CAT: Nicole Aub, Andr Mare: Cubisme et Camouflage , 1914-1918 (Bernay: Muse Municipal des Beaux-Arts, 1998, 160pp.) LOC: Edinburgh U. REF: Kahn (1998). 1998, 11-14 November. Anti-Forgery Technology Exhibition in Beijing, China. 1999. Exhibition of art forgeries and reproductions held at the National Museum in Stockholm, Sweden. 1999, 8 Jul-15 Aug. Forgeries of the Impressionists. A touring exhibition at the Lake Macquaire City Art Gallery, New South Wales, Australia. 1999, Jul-21 Aug 1999. Fake Forgeries by Elmry de Hory Paintings. Terrain Gallery, San Francisco. Several De Hory fakes of modern European paints. For sale in the $20,000 range. 1999, 25 Jul-24 Oct. Originale echt falsh [Original or False] exhibition held in the Neues Museum Weserburg, Bremen, Germany. On art reproduction & forgeries. CAT: Thomas Deecke & Christian Khler (editors), Originale echt false (Heidelberg: Umschau/Braus, 1999, 175pp). LOC: Congress; Columbia. 1999, 19 Aug-15 Dec. Forging a Collection: The Frank W. Tober Collection on Literary Forgery. An exhibit in the Special Collections Department of the Morris Library of the University of Delaware Library to which Tober had bequeathed his important collection on his death in 1995. Includes works from Psalmanazar through Macpherson to Wise. Timothy Murray curated. CAT: Timothy Murray, Forging a Collection: The Frank W. Tober Collection on Literary Forgery (Newark, Del.: University of Delaware, 1999, 88pp). Describes 90 works plus a checklist of Wise letters. LOC: NYU; UC-Berkeley. 1999, 3 Sep - 9 Jan 2000. The Artist as Collector exhibition of classical Chinese painting at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, including the controversial Riverbank that some experts attribute to modern forger Zhang Daquin. CAT: Maxwell E. Hearn & Wen C. Fong, Along the Riverbank: Chinese Painting from the C. C. Wang Family Collection (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999, ix+174pp). LOC: Getty. 2000. Exhibition of faked photographs held at the House of History in Bonn, Germany. CAT: Hans Walter Htter & Petra Rsgen (editors) Bilder, die lgen (Bonn: Bouvier, 2000, 100pp). LOC: UC-Berkeley. 2000, 28 Jan-1 Jul 2001. Houdini: A Magician Among the Spirits. Exhibition at the Outagamie County Historical Society, Appleton, Wisconsin. Curated by Kim Louagie. REF: Exhibition Review, The Journal of American History, Vol.87, No.3 (Dec 2000). 2000, 25 Feb-28 May. Exhibition of originals and copies of Chinese paintings from the Liaoning Provincial Museum, China. Organized by the Singapore Art Museum. CAT: Original or Copy: How to Authenticate Chinese Paintings (Singapore: Singapore Art Museum, 2000, 120pp). LOC: Australian National Library.
2000, 16 Aug 2000-7 Jan 2001. Illegal Tender: Counterfeit Money Through the Ages. Exhibit at the British Museum, London. Covers both coins and paper. 2000, Jul-Sep. Facsimile and Fakes: Friends or Foes? An exhibit of exact copies of 13 antique books. At the Eisenhower Library on the Johns Hopkins Universitys Homewood campus in Baltimore. 2001, 21 Jan-11 Mar. Corruption in Art: Fakes, Forgeries, Misrepresentations, and Misunderstandings. Exhibition in the Picker Art Gallery, Colgate University. Accompanied by a 60-minute documentary, The Fine Art of Faking It, narrated by Richard Dreyfuss, on the applications of science to the detection of forgeries.. 2001. A special exhibition of copies and fakes of ancient textiles and manuscripts held at the Papyrus Museum of the Austrian National Library, Vienna. CAT: Christian Gastgeber, Kopie und Flshung (Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstaly, 2001, 158pp). LOC: Getty; Stanford; UC-Berkeley. 2001. Exhibition of German art forgeries held at the Kestner-Museum in Hannover, Germany. CAT: Claudia Caspers, GeaECHTet: Flschungen und Originale aus dem Kestner-Museum (Hannover: Kestner-Museum, 2001, 46pp.). LOC: UC-Berkeley; Columbia; Oxford. 2001, Oct-Nov. Fabulous Fakes, an exhibition of 20 paintings by as many artists in the style of famous artists set in the simultaneous context of The History of Art Forgery. Curated by Joe. L. Dolice. These paintings were commissioned for the occasion by the New Rochelle Council on The Arts. Held in the Lumen Winter Gallery in the lobby of the New Rochelle Library. 2002 - present. International Museum of Espionage. 800 F Street, Washington, DC. 2002, 26 Jan-22 Sep. But Is It Real? exhibit of some 25 art works (fakes, forgeries, copies, and originals) to explore the notion of authenticity. At the Williams College Museum of Art, which conducted it in collaboration with a Williams College philosophy class. 2002, 10-23 Aug. The Modernist Forgeries Exhibition. Held at Neutral Ground Gallery, Regina, Sascathewan, Canada. These forgeries will be created by various artists on site during the exhibition and sold on August 24th. CAT: None. 2002, Sep. Exhibition by John Myatt, following his year in prison, of some of his now admitted forgeries. Held at The Gallery, Warwick, England. Priced at L575 to L3,450 the show was a sellout. CAT: None? 2002, 13 Oct-2 Mar 2003. Deceptions and Illusions: Five Centuries of Trompe lOeil Painting. Exhibition at the Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art of 112 paintings, sculpture, books, prints, drawings, decorative arts, and a mosaic all covering artistic depictions of optical illusions. CAT: Ebert-Schifferer (2002). REV: Holland Cotter, Playing Tricks With Reality and Realism in Washington, The New York Times, 11 Oct 2002. 2002, Nov-15 Jan 2003. Folly: Fraud and Fakery in the History of Science. Exhibits 13 historical figures from Psalmanazar, through Mesmer and Blondlot, to Flat Earthers. At the University of Wisconsins Memorial Library.
2003, 18 Jun-29 Aug. Literary Forgeries and Mystifications exhibition at the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, Canada, mounted in connection with a conference at that time and place. CAT: Richard Landon, Literary Forgeries and Mystifications (Toronto: University of Toronto, 2003, 79pp). LOC: Getty; Stanford; UC-Berkeley; British L. 2003, 20 Aug-3 Jan 2004. Fakes, Forgeries and Facsimiles. Washington, DC, Folger Shakespeare Library, The Library of Congress, Washington, DC. An exhibition of Shakespearean items prepared by curators Heather Wolfe, Rachel Doggett, and Erin Blake. CAT: none REF: Philip Kennicott, At Folger, Shakespeare Fakers Worthy of the Bard, Washing Post, 24 Sep 2003, p.C1. 2003, Oct - 2005 -> present. The Philatelic Foundation (headquartered in New York) debuts its traveling Fakes and Forgeries six-frame exhibit of postage stamps that travels to various philatelic conferences. This exhibit is regularly updated and modified. CAT: None. 2003, 24 Oct-29 Nov. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA VS. ALFREDO MARTINEZ exhibition of forged sculptures and other articles associated with Mr. Martinez, recently released from Federal prison. Held at The Proposition gallery in New York City. Curated by James Fuentes. 2003, 15 Nov-15 Aug 2004. Digging Up Controversy: The Michigan Relics. Exhibit at the Michigan Historical Museum, Lansing, Michigan, of the faked Michigan Relics excavated from 1890 to 1920 throughout Michigan by James Scotford and portrayed by him as evidence of preChristian Era settlers from the Middle East. Curated by anthropologist Richard Stamps. 2003, 21 Nov-29 Feb 2004. Echt/Falsch exhibition of forged antiquities held at the NordicoMuseum, Linz, Austria. CAT: Hannes Etzlstorfer & Willibald Katzinger, Mystfikationen der Geschichte: echt flsh: von Irrtmern, frommen Lgen, Manipulationen und Flschungen (Linz: Magistrat der Landeshauptstadt Linz, 2003, 143pp). LOC: Frick; Warburg. 2003, 25 Nov-?. Piltdown Man: The Context and Exposure of a Scientific Forgery. Exhibition at the Natural History Museum, London. CAT: None. 2004, 27 Jan-15 May. Le Mdecin et le criminel, Alexandre Lacassagne 1843-1924. An exposition at the Municipal Library in Lyon, France, devoted to the great French criminologist, Alexandre Lacassagne (1843-1924). Curated by Philippe Artires and Grard Corneloup with the assistance of Philippe Rassaert. CAT: Artires & Corneloup (2004). 2004, 26 Feb-23 May. Exhibition of counterfeit and copies of painting & sculpture. Held at the National Museum, Stockholm, Sweden. CAT: Grel Cavalli-Bjrkman and others, Falskt & kta (Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, 2004, 253pp). LOC: Congress; U of Chicago; Warburg. 2004, 18 Jun-9 Jan 2005. False dAutore (Fakes by Master Artists). Exhibition of the works of art forger Icilio Joni (died 1946) held at the Santa Maria della Scala museum in Siena. Curator: Gianni Mazzoni. CAT: Mazzoni (2004).
2004, 22 Aug-22 Dec. Rotten Luck: An Exhibit of Failing Dice from the Collections of Ricky Jay. At the Museum of Jurassic Technology, Culver City, CA. REFERENCE: Ricky Jay, Dice: Deception, Fate & Rotten Luck (New York: Quantuck Lane Press, 2003, 63pp). 2004, 25 Sep-27 Mar 2005. Fakes, Copies, and Question Marks: Forensic Investigations of Asian Art. Exhibition at the Asian Art Museum, San Francisco, of 40+ objects mostly drawn from the museums own collection. Curated by Donna Strahan, the museums head of conservation. 2004. 7 Oct - 3 Jan 2005. Eyes, Lies and Illusions exhibition on all forms of deceptive visual art. Held at the Hayward Gallery, South Bank, London. Curated by Werner Nekes. CAT: Mannoni, Nekes, Warner (2004). 2004, 2 Nov-6 Feb 2005. Le troisime oeil: La photographie et locculte, an exhibition of more than 120 faked spirit photographs from the late 1860s to the 1930s. Held at the Maison Europenne de la Photographie, Paris. CAT: Chroux & others (2004). 2004, 26 Nov- 28 Feb 2005. Fake/Not Fake: Restorations, Reconstructions, Forgeries. An exhibition at the Groeninge Museum in Bruges, Belgium, of restored and forged Flemish paintings of the 14th Century allegedly made by Joseph van der Veken (died 1964). CAT: Hlne Verougstraete, Roger van Schoute, & Till-Holger Borchert, Restaurateurs ou Faussaires des Primitifs Flamands (Gand: Ludion, 2004, 159pp). LOC: Kings College (London). 2005, 5-28 Feb. 12th annual Fakes and Forgeries Exhibit at Spring Bulls Gallery, Newport, Rhode Island. Local artists contribute their copies and pastiches of famous paintings to this, the 12th annual showing, of tongue-in-cheek fakes and forgeries. CAT: None 2005, 9-17 Apr. LArt du Faux exhibit & sale in Dubai at the Burj al-Arab hotel. 100 fake old masters painted by 35-year-old French painter Christophe Petyl and his 82 world-wide colleagues. These copies are bargain-priced at $1,292 to $25,842. REF: Nayla Razzouk, From Van Gogh to Renoir: Fake Old Masterpieces paint the extravagant Burj al-Arab hotel walls, Middle East Times, International Edition (8 Apr 2005). 2005, 27 Sep-31 Dec. The Perfect Medium: Photography and the Occult. Exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum, New York, of more than 120 faked spirit photographs from the late 1860s to the 1930s. CAT: Chroux & others (2005). REF: Vince Aletti, Seeing Things: Spirit Photography at the Met, The New Yorker, Vol.81, No.31 (10 Oct 2005), 90-91.
APPENDIX B: List of Conferences on Fakes, Deceptions, and Detection This appendix lists chronologically the 159 specialized public or semi-public conferences, symposiums, or conferences since 1915 that dealt with various aspects of detection, particularly where deception was suspected. Most of these meetings produced published reports. If so, they are cited in this appendix.
1915, October. First annual and founding conference of the International Association of Criminal Identification, which three years later at its 4th annual conference changed name to simply International Association for Identification (IAI). Organized & presided over by Inspector Harry C. Caldwell of the Oakland (California) Police Departments Bureau of Identification. The founding conference was attended by 22 persons. The IAI soon grew to become the worlds leading ID organization. Had 5,000+ members in 2004. 1925, 18-20 Jul. Hamburg. Initial annual meeting of the Magischer Zirkel (Magic Circle), the main association of German magicians. This was the worlds first convention of magicians (as opposed to public contests between them). Eleven months later the International Brotherhood of Magicians (IBM) convened the world's second magic convention in the USA in 9-10 Jun 1926. The first in Britain was held by the British Ring in 1931. The first in Canada was in Hamilton in 1931. Today magicians have national associations in at least 32 countries and most of these groups hold annual conventions. REF: Whaley, Who's Who in Magic (2001), Appendix Associations and Conventions. 1929, 9-20 Apr. International Conference for the Adoption of a Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency. Held in Geneva under the auspices of the League of Nations. REPORT: Comptes rendus de la Confrence internationale pour ladoption dune convention pour la repression du faux monnayage / Proceedings of the International Conference for the Adoption of a Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency (Geneva: League of Nations, 1930, 302pp, in French and English). LOC: Congress; UC-Berkeley; Stanford; U of Toronto. REPORT: International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency, with Protocols (London: H.M. Stationery Office., 1929, 33pp). LOC: Congress. 1955, 1-? June. Conference on German and Allied radar developments during and since World War II. Held in Munich with 1,600 attendees. Sponsored by German industry as a followon to the smaller 1953 conference in Frankfurt. Again organized by ex-Luftwaffe General Wolfgang Martini of the Ausschuss fr Funkortung (Radar Committee). Keynote speech by Dr. R. V. Jones. REF: Jones (1989), 313-320, 338-344 (text of his speech). 1956. Seminar-convention of the Academy for Scientific Interrogation. REPORT: V. A. Leonard (editor), Academy Lectures on Lie Detection (Springfield, Ill.: C. C. Thomas, 2 vols.), 1957-58. 1956. A symposium on legal aspects of art forgery held under the auspices of the Federal Bar Association of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. REPORT: Leo M. Drachsler & Harry Torczyner (editors), Forgery in Art and the Law (New York: Federal Legal Publications, 1956, 61pp). LOC: Getty; Stanford; Boston U. 1962. Symposium of experts organized by the Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Leiden, Leiden, Holland. REPORT: See Van de Waal (1962) in Bibliography, below. REF: Jeppson (1970), 115-116, 325.
1964, 9-11 May. The Diagnostic Process, a conference at the University of Michigan Medical School sponsored by the Biomedical Data Processing Training Program of the University of Michigan. REPORT: John A. Jacquez (editor), The Diagnostic Process (1964), vi+391pp). LOC: Wellcome Library (London). 1965. First International Congress for the Study of and the Defence Against Coin Forgery. Held in Paris under the auspices of the International Association of Professional Numismatists. (IAPN) REPORT: First International Congress for the Study of and the Defence Against Coin Forgery ([Paris?]: International Association of Professional Numismatists, 1967, 117pp). REF: Sayles (2001), 113. 1966, 15-16 Nov. Vinland Map Conference hosted by the Smithsonian Institutions Museum of History and Technology in Washington, D.C. Chaired by Wilcomb Washburn with 43 participants. REPORT: Wilcomb E. Washburn (editor), Proceedings of the Vinland Map Conference (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971, xvii+185pp). LOC: Congress. REF: Monmonier (1995), 90, 92. 1967, Nov-Dec. Art Forgery symposium at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. REPORT: Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Vol.26, No.6 (Feb 1968), [35pp]. 1969. Conference on counterfeiting in Arab countries. Held in Cairo, Egypt, by the Arab Organization for Social Defense against Crime. REPORT: Tazwr al-mustanadt wa-al-khutut wa-subul al-kashfanh (Cairo: 1970, 142pp). LOC: Oxford. 1970, 15-19 Jun. Seminar on Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art. Sponsored by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. REPORT: William Jonathan Young (editor), Proceedings of the Seminar on Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art (Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, Jan 1973, 271pp). 1971, 21 Jun. Stratagem Conference. Held at the Pentagon. Host & Chairman: Lt. Col. (USAF) Leonard F. Durham. REPORT: Verbatim Transcript (1971). 1972, 29-30 Jun. A symposium on forensic toxicology held at the Chemical Defense Establishment, Porton Down, England. REPORT: Bryan Ballantyne (editor), Forensic Toxicology: Proceedings of a Symposium.... (Bristol: J. Wright, 1974, x+157pp). LOC: Oxford. 1975, 8 Apr. An international Conference on Strategic Issues sponsored by and held at the Leonard Davis Institute of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Organized by Yair Evron. Included papers by Ben-Zvi (1979), Alexander George (1979), Michael Handel (1979), and Barton Whaley (unpublished), The Causes of Surprise in War. REPORT: Evron (1979). 1975, 6-10 Oct. Symposium on Scientific Methods of Research in the Study of Ancient Chinese Bronzes and Southeast Asian Metal and Other Archaeological Artifacts. Held at and sponsored by the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. REP: Noel Barnard (editor), The Proceedings of a Symposium on Scientific Methods of Research in the Study of Ancient Chinese Bronzes and Southeast Asian Metal and Other Archeological Artifacts (Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria, 1976, xxxiii+467pp). LOC: UC-Berkeley; Oxford; Cambridge.
1976. The International Numismatic Symposium held in Warsaw (Poland) and Budapest (Hungary) on the subject of coin forgery and imitation. REPORT: I. Gedai & K. Bir-Sey, Proceedings of the International Numismatic Symposium (Budapest: Academiai Kiado, 1980, 221pp + 39 plates. In English, French, and German). LOC: Warburg Institute. 1976, Jun. Meeting of the European Society of Toxicology. Held in Edinburgh, Scotland. REPORT: W. A. M. Duncan & B. J. Leonard (editors), Clinical Toxicology: Proceedings of the Meeting .... (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1977, ix+348pp). 1976, 13-17 Jul. [First] International Conference on Humour and Laughter. At Cardiff, Wales. Organized by Tony Chapman & Hugh Foot of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology and sponsored by the Welsh Branch of the British Psychological Society. An interdisciplinary event with several hundred delegates from more than six countries. The 2nd conference was in 1979. REPORT: See Chapman & Foot (1977) in Bibliography, below. 1977. Symposium on Forensic Dentistry. REPORT: S. Miles Standish & Paul G. Stimson (editors), Symposium on Forensic Dentistry: Legal Obligations and Methods of Identification for the Practitioner (Philadelphia: Saunders, 1977, vi+196pp). LOC: Congress. 1977, 12 March. Symposium on art forgeries and authentication in Amsterdam. REPORT: See Jaff and others (1979) in Bibliography. 1978. Conference on counterfeiting in Arab countries. Held in Cairo, Egypt, by the Arab Organization for Social Defense against Crime. REPORT: Tazwr al-mustanadt wa-tazyf al-umilt wa-al-aslb al-ilmyah lil-kashfanh (Cairo: 1978, 296pp). LOC: Congress. 1978, 14-15 Oct. Conference on pre-Columbian artifact fakery and misinterpretation at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C. REPORT: Elizabeth Hill Boone (editor), Falsifications and Misreconstructions of pre-Columbian Art: A Conference at Dumbarton Oaks (Washington, D.C.: Trustees for Harvard University, 1982, x+142pp). LOC: Getty; Oxford. 1979. The History of Intelligence, an international conference held in Lund, Sweden, in 1979 to celebrate the retirement that year of Dr. Stevan Dedijer from Lund University. REPORT: Agrell & Huldt (1983). 1979, 4-5 Apr. Symposium on art forgeries and reproductions held at the Siemens Institute in Munich. REPORT: Stephan Waetzoldt & Alfred A. Schmid (editors), Echtheitsfetischismus?: zur Wahrhaftigkeit des Originalen (Munich: Siemens Stiftung, 1979, 70pp). LOC: Congress; Yale; British L. 1979, 24-26 Apr. Intelligence: Deception and Surprise, an invitational conference on military-political deception held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Sponsored by the Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy. REPORT: Pfaltzgraff (1979). Pfaltzgraph, Raanan & Milberg (1981). REF: Epstein (1989), 113-118.
1979, Aug. European meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists. Held in Glasgow. REPORT: John S. Oliver (editor), Forensic Toxicology: Proceedings of the European Meeting.... (London: Croom Helm, 1980, 320pp). LOC: Oxford. 1979, 3 Aug. Arms control Conference on Verification and SALT held at the University of California, Los Angeles. REPORT: See Potter (1980) for collected papers. 1979, 23-26 Aug. Second International Conference on Humor. Held at Los Angeles, some 250 persons attending. Sponsored by Antioch University. Organized by Harvey Mindess & Joy Turek of Antioch U. REPORT: See Mindess & Turek (1979). 1979, 30 Nov-1 Dec. Colloquium on Analysis and Estimates. Sponsored by the Consortium for the Study of Intelligence. Held in Washington, D.C., with 61 governmental and private participants from the U.S. intelligence community. REPORT: Roy Godson (editor), Intelligence Requirements for the 1980s: Analysis and Estimates (Washington, D.C.: National Strategy Information Center, Inc., 1980, ix+223pp). LOC: Stetson U. 1980. NATO Symposium on Human Detection and Diagnosis of System Failures. Held in Roskilde, Denmark. REPORT: Rasmussen & Rouse (1981). 1980, 6-7 May. Conference on the Clever Hans Phenomenon: Communication with Horses, Whales, Apes, and People. Hosted by the New York Academy of Sciences, New York City. REPORT: Thomas A. Sebeok & Robert Rosenthal (editors), The Clever Hans Phenomenon: Communication with Horses, Whales, Apes, and People (New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1981, viii+ 311pp). LOC: Congress. 1980, 15-19 Sep. Interdisciplinary Symposium on Methods of Heuristics. Held at the University of Bern, Switzerland. REPORT: Groner, Groner, & Bischof (1983). 1981, Feb - 2004 - present. First annual Sun Belt Conference, an open gathering of scholars interested in social network (small world) problems. Held in Tampa, Florida. Later meetings have been across southern USA and Europe. REPORTS: None? 1981, 30-31 Oct. Colloquium on Clandestine Collection in Washington, DC, hosted by the Consortium for the Study of Intelligence of the National Strategy Information Center, Inc. Collection of 6 papers originally presented at the on 30-31 Oct 1981 in Washington, DC. REPORT: Godson (1982). 1982, 24-25 Sep. Crime Investigation: Art or Science? conference for senior police investigators and their specialist colleagues comprising the Ninth International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences. Attempted to identify directions and patterns of developments in modern crime investigation. Held at Christ Church, Oxford, and organized by the International Association of Forensic Sciences. REPORT: Brownlie (1984) in Bibliography, below.
1983, 28-29 Jan. Inaugural Conference of the Common Law Institute of Intellectual Property, Ltd., London. REPORT: W. R. Cornish (editor), Piracy and Counterfeiting of Industrial Property and Copyright (London: The Common Law Institute / British Institute of Comparative Law, 1983, 143pp). LOC: UC-Berkeley; Oxford. 1983, 7-9 Sep. Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art. Seminar sponsored by the Boston Museum of Fine Artss Research Laboratory. REPORT: Pamela A. England and Lambertus van Zelst (editors), Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art: Proceedings of the Seminar (Boston: Research Laboratory, Museum of Fine Arts, 1985, 261pp.). LOC: Congress. 1984. 8th Plains Indian Seminar on Amerindian artifacts and their forgeries. Hosted by the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming. 17 papers were presented. REPORT: See Horse Capture & Tyler (1992). 1985. A colloquium at Lausanne, Switzerland, on counterfeiting of commercial and industrial properties. REPORT: La Lutte contre la contrfaon moderne en droit compar: Actes du Colloque de Lausanne (Geneva: Droz, 1986, 85pp). LOC: Stanford. 1985, 25-27 Jun. Conference on Contemporary Soviet Propaganda and Disinformation. Held in Airlie, Virginia. Jointly sponsored by the U.S. Department of State and the CIA. REPORT: Contemporary Soviet Propaganda and Disinformation: A Conference Report (Washington, DC: US Dept. of State, 1987, xix+337pp). LOC: Marine Corps U. 1985, 30 Jul-1 Aug. International Symposium on Questioned Documents held at the Forensic Science Research and Training Center, FBI Academy, Quantico, Virginia, and hosted by the FBI Laboratory Division. REPORT: International Symposium on Questioned Documents (Washington, D.C.: Laboratory Division, FBI, 1985, viii+192pp). LOC: Congress; Florida International U. 1985, 26-28 Sep. Conference on Soviet Strategic Deception held at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Sponsored by the CIA (as revealed by The National Reviews Mark Riebling among others). REPORT: Dailey & Parker (1987). 1985, 14-15 Oct. Congress on criminal investigation research. Zutphen, Holland. REPORT: Cyrille Fijnaut & Arie Kuijvenhoven (editors), De Recherche onder de Loupe (Lochem: Brink, 1985, 2 vols). LOC: Congress. 1986, Apr. Conference on the Uses of the Forensic Sciences held in Glasgow. REPORT: Brian Caddy (editor), Uses of the Forensic Sciences: The Proceedings of the Conference .... (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic, 1987, ix+184pp). LOC: Oxford. 1986, Apr. An international conference on Intelligence and Military Operations. Held at the US Army War College at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. Included six papers on deception operations in World War II. REPORT: Handel (1987).
1986, 13-18 Apr. Symposium sponsored by the Divisions of Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, and Nuclear Chemistry and Technology at the 191st Meeting of the American Chemical Society. Held in New York City. REPORT: Lloyd A. Curtis (editor), Detection in Analytical Chemistry: Importance, Theory, and Practice (Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988, viii+335pp). LOC: Australian Defence Force Academy. 1986, 3-5 Jun. Third International Conference of Infrared Detectors and Systems. Hosted in London by the Institution of Electrical Engineers. REPORT: Third International Conference on Advanced Infrared Detectors and Systems. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1986, x+183pp. LOC: Bristol. 1986, 24-27 Aug. 23rd international meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists in Ghent, Belgium. REPORT: B. Heyndrickx (editor), Terrorism: Analysis and Detection of Explosives (Ghent, Belgium: Rijksuniversteit-Gent, 1986, 652pp). LOC: Congress. 1986, 16-19 Sep. International congress in Munich on the falsification of historical documents of the Middle Ages. BROCHURE: Flschungen und Fiktionen (Munich: Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, 1986, 46pp). LOC: Getty. REPORT: Flschungen in Mittelalter: Internationaler Kongress der Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Hannover: Hansche Buchhandlung, 1988-1990, 6 volumes of papers that had been delivered in German, English, Italian, and French). LOC: Getty; Oxford. 1987, 4-5 Dec. Colloquium on Intelligence Requirements for the 1990s held in Washington, D.C., and organized by the Consortium for the Study of Intelligence. REPORT: Roy Godson (editor), Intelligence Requirements for the 1990s: Collection, Analysis, Counterintelligence, and Covert Action (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1989, x+269pp). LOC: Congress; U of Birmingham. 1988. Symposium on Mimicry and the Evolutionary Process in biology. Organized by Lincoln P. Brower. Held, I presume, at the University of Chicago. REPORT: Lincoln P. Brower (editor), Mimicry and the Evolutionary Process (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988, vii+127pp). LOC: Congress; Cambridge U. 1988. 2nd Conference on Humor. Held in Udine, Italy. REPORT: Bruno De Marchi (editor), Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Humor (still forthcoming as of 1994). 1988, 28-30 Apr. Symposium on authentication of ancient marble sculpture organized by the J. Paul Getty Museums departments of Antiquities and Antiquities Conservation. REPORT: Marion True & Jerry Podany (editors), Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture (Malibu, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1990, 299pp). LOC: Getty; Warburg. 1988, 14-21 Jun. NATO Advanced Study Institute on Credibility Assessment. Held in Maratea, Italy. On lie detection techniques. REPORT: John C. Yuille, Credibility Assessment (Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989, xxii+195pp.
1988, November?. Fakes and Frauds conference on varieties of deception in English prints and manuscripts presented at the 10th Annual Conference on Book-Trade History. Held in London at Birkbeck College with 80 persons, mainly librarians and booksellers, attending. REPORT: See Myers & Harris (1989). 1989. Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists. Held in Glasgow on the occasion on the 150th anniversary of the creation of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Science at the University of Glasgow. REPORT: John S. Oliver (editor), Forensic Toxicology: Proceedings of the 26th International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1990, ix+421pp). LOC: Oxford. 1989, March. Symposium on Explosion Source Phenomenology held at Lake Tahoe and sponsored by the American Geophysical Union. REPORT: Steven R. Taylor, Howard J. Patton, Paul G. Richards (editors), Explosion Source Phenomenology: Symposium Papers (Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 1991, 268pp). LOC: Oxford. 1989, 2-4 Nov. Houston Conference on Forged Documents, Texas. Organized by the University of Houston Libraries. Covered all aspects of documentary forgery including the recent Texas cases. REPORT: Pat Bozeman (editor), Forged Documents: Proceedings of the 1989 Houston Conference (New Castle, Delaware: Oak Knoll Books, 1990, xiii+162pp). Includes 13 papers and four floor discussions. LOC: Stanford; Brown; Toronto; British L; Oxford. 1990, 15-16 Jan. Symposium on High-Power Lasers and Optical Computing sponsored by the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) in Los Angeles, California. See also SPIE for 1996 and 1998. REPORT: William F. Fagan (editor), Optical Security and Anticounterfeiting Systems (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 1990, vii+133pp. As Proceedings of SPIE, #1210.). LOC: UCBerkeley; Cornell; Oxford. 1990, 7-10 Jun. FAKE Symposium. Held at the British Museum to coincide with the exhibition FAKE? REPORT: The collected papers are in Jones (1992). 1990, 3-9 Sep. International Dendrochronological Symposium. In Ystad, Sweden. REPORT: Thomas S. Bartholin (editor), Tree Rings and Environment: Proceedings of the International Dendrochronological Symposium (Lund, Sweden : Lund University, Department of Quaternary Geology, 1992). LOC: Sheffield University. 1991. First International Symposium on Explosive Detection Technology. Held in Atlantic City, New Jersey. REPORT: First International Symposium on Explosive Detection Technology (1991). 1991, 30 Sep-2 Oct. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. This was the first conference of a roughly annual series. REPORT: ICDAR 91: 1st International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition: Papers. (Paris: AFCET, 1991, 2 volumes). LOC: British L. 1992. Seminar on Humor and Communication. In Chicago at the annual meeting of the Speech Communication Association. REPORT: Alan Harris & Salvatore Attardo (editors), Selected Proceedings of the Seminar on Humor and Communication (Chicago: Speech Communication Association, 1992).
1992, 25-27 May. Colloquium of the Getty Kouros held in Athens. REPORT: Angeliki Kokkou, The Getty Kouros Colloquium: Athens, 25-27 May 1992 (Malibu: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1993, 67pp). 1992, 12-18 Aug. Colloquium on Forensic Expertise and the Law of Evidence. Amsterdam. REPORT: J. F. Nijboer, C. R. Callen, N. Kwak (editors), Forensic Expertise and the Law of Evidence: Proceedings of the Colloquium (Amsterdam: North-Holland/Elsevier Science, 1993, vii+194pp). LOC: Congress. 1992, 7-10 Sep. 4th International Symposium on Analysis and Detection of Explosives, Jerusalem, Israel. REP: Jehuda Yinon (editor), Advances in Analysis and Detection of Explosives: Proceedings of the 4th .... (Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic, 1993, xiii+542pp). LOC: Congress; Leeds U. 1992, October. A conference on lies and simulations held in Italy. Organized by semiotician Massimo A. Bonfantini and others. REP: Bonfantini and others (1997). 1993, 1-2 Oct. Symposium for Teaching Intelligence. Sponsored by the CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence. KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Ernest May, Studying and Teaching Intelligence: The Importance of Interchange, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.38, No.5 (1995), 1-5. LOC: <www.cia.gov/csi/studies/95unclass/May.html> 1994, 4-6 Apr. Aerial Surveillance Sensing Including Obscured and Underground Object Detection. Conference held in Orlando, Florida. Sponsored by the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE). Chaired by Ivan Cindrich, Nancy K. Del Grande, Sankaran Gowrinathan, Peter B. Johnson, and James F. Shanley. REP: Cindrich & others (1994). 1994, 17-21 May. International Conference on Tree-Rings, Environment, and Humanity: Processes and Relationships in Tucson, Arizona. Involved 332 participants from 35 countries. REPORT: Jeffrey S. Dean & others (editors), Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity: Proceedings of the International Conference (Tucson: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1996, xiii+889pp). LOC: Congress. 1994, 22-26 Jun. International Society of Humor Studies Conference. Held at Ithaca, New York. 1994, Summer. Seminar on forgery of manuscripts int the Fachbereich Bibliotek und Information of the Fachochschule Hamburg. REPORT: Kay Birkner (editor), Flschung, Raub und Leiden-Schaft (Hamburg: Die Fachochschule, 1996, 130pp). LOC: Congress. 1994, 18-22 Jul. Tenth Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction. Held in Portland, Oregon. Sponsored by the American Meteorological Society. REPORT: Tenth Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction (Boston: American Meteorological Society, 1994). 1994, 1-6 Nov. International Conference on Authenticity in Relation to the World Heritage Convention. Held in Nara, Japan. REPORT: Knut Einar Larsen, Nara Conference on Authenticity: Proceedings (Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 1995, xl+427pp). In English and French. LOC: University College (London).
1995, 17-21 Apr. A conference on detection of military land mines. Held in Orlando, Florida, and sponsored by the SPIE. REPORT: Abinash O. Dubey, Detection Technologies for Mines and Mine-like Targets (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, xii+1036pp). LOC: British L. 1995, 31 Jul-4 Aug. International Symposium on the Forensic Aspects of Arson Investigations. Held at George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Hosted by the FBIs Laboratory Division. REPORT: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Forensic Aspects of Arson Investigation (Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. Of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1995, viii+352pp). 1995. 1st Expertise for Works of Fine Arts conference in Moscow. REPORT: L. V. Bannikova (chief editor), I. Nauchnaia konferentsiia Ekspertiza Proizvedenii Izobrazitelnogo Iskusstva (Moscow: Magnum Ars, 1996, 219pp). Articles in Russian with summaries in English. LOC: British L. 1996. 2nd Expertise and Attribution for Works of Fine Arts conference in Moscow. REPORT: L. I. Gladkova (chief editor), I. Nauchnaia konferentsiia Ekspertiza I Attributsiia Proizvedenii Izobrazitelnogo Iskusstva (Moscow: Magnum Ars, 1996, 219pp). Articles in Russian with summaries in English. LOC: British L. 1996. Workshop on psychological aspects of deception & economic exchange. Held in Vienna. REPORT: Caroline Gerschlager (editor), Expanding the Economic Concept of Exchange: Deception, Self-deception, and Illusions (Boston: Kluwer Academic Publications, 2001, vii+263pp). LOC: Congress; Yale. 1996, 1-2 Feb. Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques held in San Jose, California and sponsored jointely by the SPIE and the IS&T. See also SPIE for 1990 ,1998, 2000, 2004. REPORT: Rudolf L. van Renesse (editor), Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques: 1-2 February 1996 (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 1996, x+238pp. As SPIE Proceedings #2659.). LOC: UC-Berkeley; MIT; U of Toronto; Cambridge. 1996, 30 May-1 Jun. [1st] International Workshop on Information Hiding. Held in Cambridge, Eng. The 7th Workshop was held in 2005, for which see below. REPORT: Anderson (1996). 1996, 10-12 Sep. Seminar on Detection, Control & Prosecution of Money Laundering and Other Illicit Financial Transactions organized by the Centre for African Law & Development Studies, Lagos, and held at Ota in Kwara State, Nigeria. REPORT: Seminar on Detection, Control & Prosecution of Money Laundering and Other Illicit Financial Transactions (Lagos: The Centre, 1966, 1 volume, various pagings). LOC: Wisconsin U Law Library. 1997, 20-21 Nov. Conference on forensic evidence analysis and crime scene investigation. Held in Boston, Mass. Sponsored by SPIE and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. REPORT: John Hicks, Peter R. De Forest, Vivian M. Baylor (editors), Forensic Evidence Analysis and Crime Scene Investigation (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 1997, v+148pp).
1997, 20-22 Feb. "35th Annual Bayesian Research Conference." Held in Studio City, California. The first conference in this series on Bayesian analysis had been founded by Ward Edwards in 1962. REPORT: Shanteau, Mellers, Schum (1999). 1997, Apr. Conference for shoe print and toolmark examiners. Held in Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands. 1997, 29-30 Jun. Conference on legal aspects of the counterfeiting of industrial and commercial products. Held in Bordeaux, France. Sponsored by the Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciare and the Institute detudes Suprieures des Arts. REPORT: Alain Defer, Claude Lacou, & Jean-Marie Schmitt (editors), Contrefaon, danger immdiat: le droit et lacontrefaon dans la communit europene (Paris: Economica, 1999, 192pp). LOC: Congress. 1997, 30 Jun-2 Jul. Workshop on Forgeries of Dunhuang Manuscripts in the Early Twentieth Century, held at the British Library. REPORT: Whitfield (2002). REFERENCE: Whitfield (1997). 1997. The 14th Ottawa Verification Symposium. On detection procedures for international arms control. Held in Montebello, Quebec. REPORT: J. Marshall Beier & Steven Mataija (editors), Cyberspace and Outer Space: Transitional Challenges for Multinational Verification in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Ottawa NACD Verification Symposium (Toronto: Centre for International and Security Studies, York University, 1997, x+248pp). LOC: Congress. 1997, 20-21 Nov. Conference on Forensic Evidence Analysis and Crime Scene Investigation held in Boston by the SPIE. REPORT: Peter R. De Forest, Vivian M. Baylor (editors), Forensic Evidence Analysis and Crime Scene Investigation (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 1997, v+148pp). LOC: British L. 1997, 8-10 Dec. Conference on Problems of Reproduction of European Arts held in Moscow, Russia, under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Arts. REPORT: G. I. Vzdornov (editor), Problema Kopirovaniia v Evropeiskom Iskusstve (Moscow: Rossiiskoi Akademii Khudozhestv, 1998, 295pp) with summary in English. LOC: Congress; British L. 1998, 15-17 Jan. A conference on classical Greek and Roman literary forgeries, pseudonyms, and anonyms to the year 500 AD. Held in Naples, Italy. Hosted by the Instituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli. REPORT: Giovanni Cetti (editor), La Letteratura Pseudepigrafa nella Cultura Greca e Romana (Naples: Instituto Universitario Orientale, 2000, 543pp). LOC: Congress; Stanford. 1998, 28-30 Jan. Conference on Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques held in San Jose, California and sponsored jointly by the SPIE and the IS&T. See also SPIE for 1990 and 1996. REPORT: Rudolf L. van Renesse (editor), Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques II: 28-30 January 1998 (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 1998, x+326pp. As SPIE Proceedings #3314.) . LOC: UC-Berkeley; MIT; U of Toronto; Cambridge.
1998, 29-30 Jan. Scientific Detection of Fakery in Art, an international meeting held in San Jose, California. Sponsored jointly by The Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) and The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE). See also under 1999. REPORT: The collected papers are in McCrone (1998) and McCrone & Weiss (1999). 1998, 17-19 Jun. Conference on evidence from documents, specifically the role of forensic science in the authentication of handwriting. Held at the 8th Wroclaw Symposium at Badan Pisma, Poland. REPORT: Zdzislaw Kegel (editor), Problemy Dowodu z Dokumentu (Wroclaw: Uniwersytet Wroclawski, 1999, 242pp). LOC: Congress; Oxford. English translation as Zdzislaw Kegel, The Questions of Documents Evidence (University of Wroclaw, Department of Criminalistics, 2000, vii+230pp). LOC: Glasgow. 1998, Oct. International conference on criminology held in Florence, Italy. REPORT: Becker & Wetzell (2005). 1998, 12-14 Oct. Second International Conference on the Detection of Abandoned Land Mines. Held at the Edinburgh International Conference Centre, UK. REPORT: Second International Conference on the Detection of Abandoned Land Mines (London: Instution of Electrical Engineers, 1998, xiv+252pp). LOC: Stanford. 1998, 7 Nov. Circulating Counterfeits of the Americas theme for the 14th annual Coinage of the Americas Conference. Sponsored by and held at the HQ of the American Numismatic Society in New York City. REPORT: John M. Kleeberg (editor), Circulating Counterfeits of the Americas (New York: American Numismatic Society, 2000, xiii+277pp). LOC: Congress. 1999, 14-21 Mar. Your Minds Eye, an exhibition of illusions. Held at the University of Cambridge. Curated by Al Seckel, Richard Stibbs, Richard Gregory, and Nicholas Wade. Sponsored by Cambridge University, Illusion Works, and Apple Computers. 1999, 21-22 May. A conference on the falsification of antiquities and art in Polish and other collections. Held in Warsaw, Poland, at Warsaw Universitys Institute of Archaeology. REP: Jerzy Miziolek & Mieczyslaw Morka (editors), Falsyfikaty dziel szutki w zbiorach polskich (Warsaw: ARGRAF, 2001, 300pp). LOC: Congress; Stanford; British L. English translation as Jerzy Miziolek (editor), Falsification in Polish Collections and Abroad (Warsaw: Instytut Archeologii UW, 2001, 238pp). LOC: Manchester. 1999, 12-13 Jul. An invitational colloquium on The Challenge of Foreign Strategic Denial & Deception at Georgetown University Conference Center, Washington, D.C. Organized by The Cantril Group, Roy Godson, President. Attendance averaged around 40 persons at each session. REPORT: Anticipating and Minimizing the Challenge of Foreign Strategic Denial & Deception: Executive Summary and Report; Colloquium Papers and Commentary (Washington, D.C.: The Cantril Group, Sep 1999, 15pp+161pp). 1999, 20-21 Sep. Scientific Detection of Fakery in Art II, an international meeting held at the offices of Photonics East in Boston. Sponsored by The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE). Chaired by Duane R. Chartier, Walter McCrone, & Richard J. Weiss. See also under 1998. REPORT: The collected papers are in Chartier, McCrone, Weiss (2000); and Weiss & Chartier (2004).
1999, 24th Sep-30th Dec. An exhibition of optical illusion art by Cornelius Gijsbrechts (16591672) and others from chiefly the State Museum for Art, Copenhagen, where it was held. CAT: Olaf Koester, Illusions: Gijsbrechts, Royal Master of Deception (Copenhagen: Statens Museum for Kunst, 1999, 317pp. Translated from the Danish by W. Glynn Jones.). LOC: Cambridge. 2000, 2 Feb-1 May. The Art of Cornelius Gijsbrechts [see above] held at the National Gallery, London. CAT: Olaf Koester, Painted Illusions: The Art of Cornelius Gijsbrechts (London: National Gallery, 2000, 64pp). LOC: Cambridge. 1999, 15-16 Oct. Symposium on the forgery of scientific instruments, particularly from the collection of Ant. W. M. Mensing (1866-1936). Held at the Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, Holland. REP: Peter de Clercq (editor), Scientific Instruments: Originals and Imitations: The Mensing Connection (Leiden: Museum Boerhaave, 2000, 144pp). LOC: Stanford; Oxford; Imperial College/Science Museum Library. 1999, Oct. An international symposium on the trade in illicit antiquities. Held in Cambridge and hosted by the University's McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. REPORT: Neil Brodie, Jennifer Doole, and Colin Renfrew, Trade in Illicit Antiquities: The destruction of the world's archaeological heritage (Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2001, xii+176pp). LOC: Cambridge U. 1998, 3-4 Nov. Conference on investigation and forensic technologies. Held in Boston, Mass. Sponsored by SPIE and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Chaired by Kathleen Higgins. REPORT: Kathleen Higgins (editor), Investigation and Forensic Science Technologies (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 1999, vii+286pp). 1999, 2-3 Dec. Art Crime: Protecting Art, Protecting Artists and Protecting Consumers Conference. Sponsored by the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) & held at the Landmark Parkroyal, Sydney, Australia. 24 addresses & papers were presented by as many conferees. AIC Director was Adam Graycar. REPORT & PAPERS: <http://www.aic.gov.au/conferences/artcrime/> 1999, 11 Dec. Issues of Authenticity in Chinese Art. An international symposium held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. STUDY: Smith & Fong (1999) as described in the Bibliography. 2000, 23-25 Jan. Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques IV. Sponsored by The Society for Optical Engineering and the SPIE. Held in San Jose, California. Chaired by Rudolf L. Van Renesse. This was the fourth conference since 1996. REPORT: Rudolf L. Van Renesse (editor), Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques 4 (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 2002, x+412pp). LOC: MIT; U of Wisconsin. 2000, 27-28 Jan. Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques III. Sponsored by the Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) and the SPIE. Held in San Jose, California. Chaired by Rudolf L. Van Renesse & Willem A. Vliegenthart. REPORT: Rudolf L. Van Renesse & Willem A. Vliegenthart (editors), Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques 4 (Bellingham, Wash.: x+360pp). LOC: MIT; Cambridge.
2000, 16-17 Jun. 19th Womens Conference on psychological aspects of economic exchange from a feminist perspective. Held in Vienna, Austria, at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration. REPORT: Caroline Gerschlager & Monika Mokre (editors), Exchange and Deception: A Feminist Perspective (Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, x+169pp). LOC: Stanford; Yale. 2000, 25-26 Jul. [1st annual] International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability. Held in Berkeley, California. This was the first annual international conference on designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET). See under 2004 for PET 2004. REPORT: Hannes Federrath (editor), Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies (New York: Springer, 2001, x+230pp). LOC: British L. 2000, 30 Jul-4 Aug. 11th Annual Conference of the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. Held in New York City at the Marriott Marquis. Some 2,000 members attended. (Guest speaker at the previous years conference in Las Vegas had been Whitewater celebrity Susan McDougal on Beating Embezzlement Charges.) 2000, 23-26 Aug. European IOFOS Millenium Meeting, Leuven, Belgium. REPORT: Guy Willems (editor), Forensic Odontology: Proceedings of the European IOFOS Millennium Meeting (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2000, 205pp). LOC: Congress. 2000, 1 Dec. Colloquium on literary forgeries and mystifications from early to recent times. Held in Paris, France, as the 4th Colloque des Invalides. REPORT: Jean-Jacques Lefrre & Michel Pierssens (editors), Les mystifications littraires (Tusson: Du Lrot, 2001, 185pp). LOC: Congress; Stanford; Yale. 2001, 7-11 Feb. Forensic Science Conference, Wentworth Hotel, Sydney, Australia. REPORT: Australias 1st Forensic Psychology Conference (Australia: Australian Psychological Society, 2001, 97pp). LOC: Congress. REF: Jessica Woodhams, Forensic Psychology Down Under, Forensic Update, No.67 (2001), 94. 2001, 22 Feb. The session on Military Operations and Deception in the Age of Transparency hosted in Chicago at an annual International Studies Association Conference. REPORT: Preston & Baker (2001), which seems to be the only paper presented at that session of the annual ISA conference. 2001, 28 Apr. Conference on deceptions and frauds in the Renaissance and Reformation, 1300-1650. Held in Toronto, Canada, at Victoria Universitys Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. REPORT: Crane, Raiswell, & Reeves (2004). 2001, 9-14 Sep. 3rd NATO-sponsored advanced research workshop on Explosives Detection and Humanitarian Demining. Chaired by Hiltmar Schubert & Andrey Kuznetsov. See also under 16-21 Jun 2003. REPORT: Schubert & Kuznetsov (2002). 2001, 10-13 Sep. Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDR 01). Seattle, Wash. 2001, 16-19 Oct. 13th Interpol Forensic Science Symposium, Lyon, France. REF: One relevant paper was Meuwly (2001).
2002, 23-25 Jan. Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques IV. Sponsored by Society of Imaging Technology (IS&T) and the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE). Held in San Jose, California. Chaired by Rudolf L. Van Renesse. This was the fourth conference since 1996. REPORT: Rudolf L. Van Renesse (editor), Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques IV (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 2002, x+412pp). LOC: Cambridge. 2002, 8-12 Apr. 10th International Conference on Currency Counterfeiting. Held in Amsterdam, Holland. Sponsored by Interpol and the Dutch National Police Academy. 2002, 12-15 May. 23rd annual meeting (since 1980) of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. To be held at The Claremont Resort, Oakland, California. Sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Security and Privacy in cooperation with the International Association for Cryptologic Research. 2002, 8-10 Jul. Fakes and Forgeries, Conmen and Counterfeiting. Conference at Durham Castle, Durham, England. Organized by Dr. Jonathan Long and Dr. Peter Knight. 2002, 20-23 Aug 2002. Workshop on Modelling Evidence and Intelligence. Glasgow, Scotland. Held at Glasgow Caledonian University. 2002, 1-6 Sep. Enigma and the Intelligence War. Conference at Christ Church (Oxford) and Bletchley Park. Papers by Christopher Andrew, Lord Dacre, M.R.D. Foot, Sir Michael Howard, Dr. David Kahn, and 7 others. 2002, 30 Sep-2 Oct. International conference on Cultures of Lying, covering philosophical and linguistic aspects of lying. Held in Regensburg, Germany. REPORT: Proceedings of the International Conference Cultures of Lying (forthcoming). 2002, 16-18 Oct. 5th International Symposium, RAID 2002. Held in Zurich, Switzerland. REPORT: Andreas Wespi, Giovanni Vigna, Luca Deri (editors), Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (Berlin: Springer, 2002, x+326pp). LOC: NPS. 2003, 17-22 Feb. 55th annual conference of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Hyatt Regency hotel, Chicago. 2003, Spring. Symposium on Size-Exclusion Chromatography with Multiple Detection Techniques, held at the American Chemical Society National Meeting in New Orleans. REPORT: M. Striegel (editor), Multiple Detection in Size-Exclusion Chromatography (Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2005, xii+346pp). LOC: British L. 2003, 4-5 Mar. Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security. Conference in San Diego sponsored by the SPIE. REPORT: Steven R. Doctor, Yoseph Bar-Cohen, A. Emin Aktan (editors), Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security. Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 2003, viii+146pp. LOC: Congress; Stanford; Florida State U. 2003, 14-15 Mar. Symposium on Deception Detection in Forensic Contexts sponsored by the Unit for Criminal, Legal and Investigative Psychology, Gtesborgs Universitet, Gothenburg, Sweden. Chaired by Prof. Pr Anders Granhag, 12 experts delivered as many papers to the audience of 200 professionals. REPORT: Granhag & Stromwall (2004).
2003, 19-20 Mar. NATO Advanced Workshop on Vapour and Trace Detection of Explosives for Anti-Terrorism Purposes. Held in Moscow, Russia, REPORT: Michael Krausa & Aleksey Alekseyvitch Reznev, Vapour and Trace Detection of Explosives for Anti-Terrorist Purposes (Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic, 2004, ix+152). LOC: CalTech. 2003, 16-21 Jun. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Detecting of Bulk Explosives: Advanced Techniques against Terrorism. Held in St. Petersburg, Russia. See also under 9-14 Sep 2001. REPORT: Hiltmar & Kuznetsov (2004). 2003, 17-20 Jun-29 Aug. TRUE/FALSE: Facsimiles, Fakes, Forgeries, and Issues of Authenticity in Special Collections as the 44th Annual Conference of the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section of the Association of College & Research Libraries. Held in Toronto. REPORT: none. SEE ALSO UNDER Appendix D for the parallel exhibit of Literary Forgeries and Mystifications 8 Jun-29 Aug. 2003, 21-23 Sep. Fakes and Forgeries of Egyptian antiquities conference. Subject of the 2003 annual meeting of the International Committee for Egyptology (CIPEG) in the International Council of Museums (ICOM). Held at the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. 2003, 30 Sep-3 Oct. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Electronic Noses & Sensors for the Detection of Explosives. Held in Warwick, England. REPORT: Gardner & Yinon (2004). 2003, Oct 2-3. The Social Consequences of Self-Deception. An invitation-only conference at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. Among the distinguished expert participants scheduled were clinical psychologists Harold Sackeim and anthropologist Robert Trivers. 2003, 31 Oct-1 Nov. Conference on Strategic Deception in Modern Democracies: Ethical, Legal, and Policy Challenges. Held at the Duke University Friday Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Sponsored by Duke Universitys Triangle Institute for Security Studies, the U.S. Army War College, the U.S. Naval Academy, and Duke Universitys Kenan Instutute for Ethics. TISS Coordinator: Carolyn Pumphrey. REPORT: Abstracts in <www.duke.edu/web/tiss/archives/conferencerecords/Deception>. Some of these papers published separately, such as Caddell (2004), Kiss (2003), Wheeler (2003), and Pillsbury (forthcoming 2006). 2003, 23-26 Nov. Conference on Hoaxes, Myths, and Manias in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Sponsored by CSICOP. 2004. 7th RAID International Symposium on computer intrusion. Held in Sophia-Antipolis, France. REPORT: Erland Jonsson & others, Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (Berlin: Springer, 2004, xii+314pp). LOC: British L; Oxford. 2004, 5-8 Jan. 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). Hawaii. Produced six papers in the section on Detection of Deception. REPORT: Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii Conference on System Sciences. LOC: BW (copies); Doug Webster.
2004, 20-22 Jan. Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques V. Sponsored by The Society for Optical Engineering and the SPIE. Held in San Jose, California. Chaired by Rudolf L. Van Renesse. This was the fifth conference since 1996. REPORT: Rudolf L. Van Renesse (editor), Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques V (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, Jun 2004, ix+440pp). LOC: Congress; MIT; U of Wisconsin. 2004, 16-17 Mar. Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security II. Conference in San Diego sponsored by the SPIE. REPORT: Steven R. Doctor (editor), Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security II . Bellingham, Wa.: SPIE, 2004, viii+144pp. LOC: Congress; Stanford; U of Central Florida. 2004, 12-13 Apr. 10th conference on Targets and Backgrounds on camouflage and its detectors. Held in Orlando, Florida. REPORT: Wendell R. Watkins, Dieter Clement, William R. Reynolds (chairs/editors), Targets and Backgrounds X: Characteristics and Representation (Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE, 2004, viii+308pp). LOC: Stanford. 2004, 23-25 May. 6th International Workshop on Information Hiding. Held in Toronto, Canada. REPORT: Jessica Fridrich (editor), Information Hiding (Berlin: Springer, 2004, ix+369pp). LOC: NPS. 2004, 26-28 May. 4th International Workshop, PET [Privacy Enhancing Technologies] 2004. Held in Toronto, Canada. This was the first annual international conference on designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET). The 1st PET conference had been held in Berkeley in 2000 (which see). REPORT: David Martin & Andrei Serjantov (editors), Privacy Enhancing Technologies (New York: Springer, 2005). LOC: Congress; British L. 2004, 17 Jun. 5th Conference on Biodetection Technologies. Held at the Renaissance Hotel, Washington, DC. REPORT: Biodetection Technologies: Advances & Applications: Proceedings. Brookline, MA: Knowledge Press, 2005, 1 CD-ROM. LOC: Stanford. 2004, 28-29 Jun. Workshop on magic and the military. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Sponsored by SPAWAR. Chaired by Bart Whaley. REPORT: None. 2004, 9-13 Sep. Conference on forensic genetics held in Arcachon, France. Sponsored by the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG). REPORT: Christian Doutrempuich & Niels Morling (editors), Progress in Forensic Genetics 10: Proceedings of the 20th International ISFG Congress (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004). 2004, 8-10 Oct. Fifth World Skeptics Congress. Convened with the theme Solving Mysteries. Held in Abano Terme, Italy, where nearly 500 attended. Co-sponsored by CSICOP and its Italian counterpart. REPORT: Probably none. 2005, 16-20 Feb. Sunbelt XXV International Social Network Conference. Held at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, Redondo Beach, California. REPORT: ?
2005, 25-27 Apr. US Armed Services MILDEC Conference. This, the first conference specifically devoted to military deception, was held at the Offutt Community Center, Offutt AFB, Nebraska. REPORT: None? 2005, 2-6 May. 2005 International Conference on Intelligence Analysis. To be held at the Sheraton Premiere, Tysons Corner, Virginia. 70 papers to be presented. Sponsored by the Office of the Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis and Production (ADCI A&P). The 5-6 May sessions are to be classified. 2005, 23 May. Art and Crime Conference Held in London at the Chartered Accountants Hall. Presented by the Fraud Advisory Panel and the Arts Club. 2005, 6-8 Jun. 7th International Workshop on Information Hiding. Held in Barcelona, Spain. The 1st Workshop had been held in 1996, which see above. REPORT: forthcoming?. 2005, 10-12 Jun. 1st European Congress of Magic: History & Collections. Held in Paris Celebrating the 200th anniversary of the birth of Robert-Houdin [sic]. Sponsored by the Magic Collectors Club. 2005, 13-17 Jun. 17th Annual Conference of the International Society of Humor Studies. Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio. About 150 papers were presented. 2005, 7-12 Aug. 25th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering. Held at San Jose State University, San Jose, CA. A 26th workshop is scheduled for 2006. REPORT: Kevin H. Knuth, and others (editors), Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering: 25th International Workshop.... (Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics, 2005, 578pp). LOC: Congress. 2005, 15-16 Nov. Intelligence Analysis & Processing: Emerging policy, programs and technology used for collecting intelligence data. At the Washington DC/Silver Spring Hilton. Sponsored by the Institute for Defense and Government Advancement (IDGA).
IN LIEU OF AN INDEX Search Terms Definitions
abduction Accidents/ Accountancy/ Africa/ Amerindians/ Anecdote/ Anthropology/ Antiques/ Arabia/ Archaeology/ arms control Arson/ Art/ artificial intelligence Asymmetry/ Australia/ Austria-Hungary/ autobiography Autopsy/ Balkans/ Ballistics/ Bayes/ Bibliography/ Biography/ Biology/ Britain/ Business/ Byzantium/ Camouflage/ Canada/ cartography ceramics Channels/ Cheating/ Chemistry/ Children/ China/ CI/ Cinema/ clinical psychology Coins/ Collectables/ COMINT/ Communications/ Computers/ Con/ Content/ Counterdeception/ Counterespionage/
see Logic/ accidents accountancy, bookkeeping Amerindians, American Indians anecdotal evidence anthropology antiques pan-Arab countries archaeology see Inspection/ and WMD/ arson fine arts & crafts in generalforgery & authentication see Computers/ asymmetric warfare, irregular war, guerrilla warfare, insurgency Austro-Hungarian Empire see Biography/
Bayesian statistics (see also Statistics/) biography, autobiography, memoirs
business, commerce (see also Economics/) classical camouflage (see also Decoys/) see Maps/ see Pottery/ communication channels (see also Communications/) chemistry (see also Toxicology/) children, young people, boys & girls see Counterintel/ cinema, movies see Psychotherapy/ numismatics, coins collectables, sportscards, dolls, buckles, militaria communications intelligence communications in general (see also Channels/) computer sciences, artificial intelligence (AI) con games & con artists (see also Fraud/) content analysis detection of deception only major titles cited
Counterintel/ Creativity/ Criminology/ Cryptology/ Cuba/ Cultures/ Currency Deception/ Decision/ Decoys/ deduction Dendrochronology/ Dentistry/ Deterrence/ Dictionary/ Diffusion/ DNA/ Documents/ dreaming Economics/ Empathy/ Entomology/ Epidemiology/ Escape&Evasion/ espionage Ethics/ Evolution/ Experts/ Fiction/ Fingerprints/ Folklore/ Forensics/ France/ Fraud/ Furniture/ FX/ Games/ GameTheory/ Gaming/ Gatekeepers/ Geology/ Germany/ Greece/ guerrilla war Historiography/ Hoax/ HUMINT/ HUMINT-industry/ Humor/ hunting Hypocrisy/ ID/ illusions
counterintelligence, CI creativity, innovation, invention, genius cryptology cryptography & cryptanalysis, codemaking & codebreaking culture, cross-cultural currency, paper money, bank notes deception only major titles cited decision-making decoys (see also Camouflage/) see Logic/ dendrochronology, tree-ring dating dentistry, odontology dictionary, lexicography diffusion (see also Epidemiology) DNA, genetics forged documents, questioned documents, document examiners (see also Maps/) see Sleep/ economics as theory (see also Business/) entomology, insects epidemiology (see also Diffusion/) see HUMINT/ ethics, morality evolution, Darwinism experts, expert testimony novels, short stories, movies fingerprinting, dactyloscopy folklore, folklorists, urban legends, legends forensics in general fraud, impostors (see also Con/) special effects, sound effects, etc. games (see also Sports/) war games, political-military exercises, RAND-MIT games gatekeepers, editors geology, earth sciences classical see Asymmetry/ historiography, historical methods hoaxes, practical jokes human intel; espionage; spies industrial espionage humor, jokes, wit, laughter see Tracking/ hypocrisy, hypocrites (see also Lying/) identification see Perception/
imagery interpretation IMINT/ Impressions/ Incongruity/ India/ induction Inspection/ insurgency INTEL/ INTEL-analyis/ INTEL-collection/ INTEL-consumer/ international law Internet/ Interrogation/ interviewing Intuition/ Investigation/ Iraq/ Ireland/ irregular war Islamicists/ Israel/ Italy/ Japan/ Jewels/ journalism, journalists Korea/ Latin America/ Law/ Libya/ lie detector Logic/ lucid dreaming Lying/ Magic/ Malaya/ Maps/ MASINT/ Math/ Media/ Medicine/ memoirs Memory/ Methodology/ Militaria/ Military/ misperception movies Music/ Negotiating/ Networks/ numismatics operations research
see IMINT/ imagery intelligence; photo interpretation footprints, shoeprints, toolmarks (see also Ballistics/) incongruity analysis classical & modern (see also Pakistan/) see Logic/ arms control & inspection see Asymmetry/ intelligence in general intelligence analysis intelligence collection intelligence as perceived by the consumer see Law/ interviewing, interrogation, brain washing, torture, polygraphing see Interrogation/ intuition, hunch investigation, investigators
see Asymmetry/ see also Terrorism/
jewelry, jewels, gem stones, gemology see Media/
law, legal systems, courts, trials, international law see Lying/ logical inference, induction, abduction, retroduction see Sleep/ lying, lies, liars, falsehood (see also Hypocrisy/) magic, magicians, conjuring maps, cartography measurement & signatures intelligence mathematics (see also Statistics/) news media, journalism, journalists, news reporters medical practice & diagnostics (see also Epidemiology/) see Biography/ methodology, research methods see Collectables/ armies, navies, air forces only major titles see Perception/ see Cinema/ music, musicology, musicians negotiation, diplomacy networking; small world networks see Coins/ see OR/
OR/ OSINT/ Painting/ Pakistan/ paper money parapsychology Perception/ Periodicals/ photo interpretation PIs Plagiarism/ Police/ Political/ polygraph porcelain Pottery/ private investigators probability/ Profiling/ Psi/ psychiatry psychoanalysis psychological operations Psychology/ Psychotherapy/ PSYOPS/ public diplomacy radio Redundancy/ Religion/ research methods retroduction Rhetoric/ Rome/ Russia/ Sabotage/ Science/ Sculpture/ Security/ Self-deception/ Sensors/ SIGINT/ skip tracing Sleep/ small worlds Smuggling/ Snipers/ Sociology/ SoundEffects/ special effects special operations SPECOPS/ Sports/ sportscards
operations research (see also Statistics/) open source intelligence paintings see Currency/ see Psi/ perception, misperception, illusions periodicals, journals see IMINT/ private investigator, private eye plagiarism, theft of intellectual property police detectives, cops political only major titles see Lying/ see Pottery/ pottery, ceramics, porcelain see PI/ see Statistics/ psychological and racial profiling, stereotyping psychic fraud, parapsychology see Psychotherapy/ see Psychotherapy/ see PSYOPS/ cognitive and experimental psychology clinical psychology, psychiatry, psychoanalysis psychological ops, psywar, information war, public diplomacy see PSYOPS/ see Media/ redundancy (see also Communication/) see Methodology/ see Logic/ classical Russia, USSR, Soviet Union, Soviet Russia physical sciences: physics, astronomy (see also Chemistry/ and Math/) security, guards self deception, delusion sensors (see also Surveillance/) signals intelligence see Tracking/ sleep, dreaming, lucid dreaming see Networks/ smuggling, smugglers snipers, sniping, counter-sniping sociology see FX/ see FX/ see SPECOPS/ special operations sports (see also Games) see Collectables/
Stamps/ Statistics/ Stealth/ Surprise/ Surveillance/ TECHINT/ Terrorism/ Theft/ torture Toxicology/ Tracking/ USA/ Verification/ WMD/ Zoology/
philately, postage stamps statistical analysis, (see also Bayes/ and OR/) stealth technology surveillance (see also Sensors/ and Tracking/) technical & scientific intel terrorism, terrorists (see also Islamicists/) theft, plundering See Interrogation/ toxicology, poisons (see also Chemistry/) tracking, trackers, hunting (see also Surveillance/) United States of America verifying, authenticating weapons of mass destruction: chemical, biological, nuclear (see also ArmsControl/) zoology

Detecting Deception - A Bibliography of Counterdeception Across Time, Cultures, and Disciplines

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Detecting Deception - A Bibliography of Counterdeception Across Time, Cultures, and Disciplines

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DETECTING DECEPTION: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COUNTERDECEPTION ACROSS TIME, CULTURES, AND DISCIPLINES

editor: Susan Stratton Aykroyd

Foreign Denial & Deception Committee Washington, DC March 2006

April 10, 2006

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

INTRODUCTION: PERSPECTIVES ON DECEPTION AND ITS DETECTION

- W h aley Bibliograph y -v ii-

W haley (1969), 144. - W h aley Bibliograph y -v iii-

- W h aley Bibliograph y -x-

- W h aley Bibliograph y -xi-

- W h aley Bibliograph y -xiii-

- W h aley Bibliograph y -xiv -

- W h aley Bibliograph y -xv -

- W h aley Bibliograph y -xvi-

- W haley Bibliography -1-

- W haley Bibliography -2-

- W haley Bibliography -3-

- W haley Bibliography -4-

Aitken, Martin J. SEE: Taylor & Aitken (1997).

- W haley Bibliography -5-

- W haley Bibliography -6-

- W haley Bibliography -7-

- W haley Bibliography -13-

- W haley Bibliography -14-

- W haley Bibliography -16-

- W haley Bibliography -17-

- W haley Bibliography -18-

- W haley Bibliography -19-

- W haley Bibliography -20-

- W haley Bibliography -21-

- W haley Bibliography -22-

- W haley Bibliography -23-

- W haley Bibliography -24-

- W haley Bibliography -25-

- W haley Bibliography -26-

- W haley Bibliography -27-

- W haley Bibliography -28-

- W haley Bibliography -30-

- W haley Bibliography -31-

- W haley Bibliography -32-

- W haley Bibliography -33-

- W haley Bibliography -35-

- W haley Bibliography -40-

- W haley Bibliography -41-

- W haley Bibliography -42-

- W haley Bibliography -43-

- W haley Bibliography -44-

- W haley Bibliography -46-

- W haley Bibliography -47-

- W haley Bibliography -48-

- W haley Bibliography -49-

- W haley Bibliography -50-

- W haley Bibliography -51-

- W haley Bibliography -52-

- W haley Bibliography -53-

- W haley Bibliography -55-

- W haley Bibliography -56-

Dwyer, Neufeld, & Scheck (2000)

- W haley Bibliography -57-

- W haley Bibliography -58-

- W haley Bibliography -59-

- W haley Bibliography -61-

- W haley Bibliography -62-