ME 323 : I.C Engines Combustion in I.

C Engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 1 October 7, 2013 Slide 1

INTRODUCTION

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 2 October 7, 2013 Slide 2

 Combustion Conditions for combustion Ignition Limits Combustion Equations Stoichiometric Combustion Air requirement Composition of air
October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M. I.C. Engines Laboratory
Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 3 October 7, 2013 Slide 3

 Air-fuel ratio Fuel-air ratio Relative air-fuel ratio

Equivalence ratio
Pre-mixed and Diffusion combustion

Swirl/Squish/Turbulence
October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M. I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 4 October 7, 2013 Slide 4

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 5 October 7, 2013 Slide 5

For all calculation : O2 = 21% ; N2 = 79% and ratio of N2/O2 is 3.76 Average molecular mass of air is 28.967 or 29 kg/kmol.
October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M. I.C. Engines Laboratory
Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 6 October 7, 2013 Slide 6

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 7 October 7, 2013 Slide 7

 Swirl : The orderly motion of the air particularly almost parallel to the axis of the engine. Very much required for diesel engines.

Squish/Squash : The radial inward motion of the air-fuel mixture towards (squish) and away from the axis of the engine (squash). Very much required for the gasoline engines.

Turbulence :

Random mixing of the burned and unburned gases

very much required for both Otto and Diesel engines.
I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 8 October 7, 2013 Slide 8

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 9 October 7, 2013 Slide 9

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 10 October 7, 2013 Slide 10

Normal Combustion in SI Engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 11 October 7, 2013 Slide 11

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 12 October 7, 2013 Slide 12

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 13 October 7, 2013 Slide 13

Combustion in SI engine

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 14 October 7, 2013 Slide 14

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 15 October 7, 2013 Slide 15

COMBUSTION QUALITY
Flames detected between - 450 and TDC TDC and 45 450 and 900 Type of cycle early burn cycle Fast burning cycles slow burn cycles

90 and BDC
BDC and TDC Flames not detected

Late burn cycles

delayed burn cycles misfires and partial burn cycles

Good combustion is almost entirely made up of fast burn cycles. poor combustion consists of a high proportion of late and delayed burn cycles.
October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M. I.C. Engines Laboratory
Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 16 October 7, 2013 Slide 16

EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES ON IGNITION LAG

1. Fuel 2. Mixture ratio:

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 17 October 7, 2013 Slide 17

3. Initial temperature and pressure 4. Electrode gap :

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 18 October 7, 2013 Slide 18

5. Turbulence:

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 19 October 7, 2013 Slide 19

EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES ON FLAME PROPAGATION

1. Fuel-air ratio :

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 20 October 7, 2013 Slide 20

Rate of Burning

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 21 October 7, 2013 Slide 21

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 22 October 7, 2013 Slide 22

2. Compression Ratio

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 23 October 7, 2013 Slide 23

3. Intake temperature and pressure 4. Engine load 5. Turbulence 6. Engine Speed

7. Engine size

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 24 October 7, 2013 Slide 24

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 25 October 7, 2013 Slide 25

Combustion Chambers for Four Stroke SI Engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 26 October 7, 2013 Slide 26

Early Ricardo turbulent combustion chamber (1968)

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 27 October 7, 2013 Slide 27

Old type Combustion Chambers for SI engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 28 October 7, 2013 Slide 28

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 29 October 7, 2013 Slide 29

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 30 October 7, 2013 Slide 30

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 31 October 7, 2013 Slide 31

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 32 October 7, 2013 Slide 32

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 33 October 7, 2013 Slide 33

Combustion Chambers for Two Stroke SI Engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 34 October 7, 2013 Slide 34

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 35 October 7, 2013 Slide 35

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 36 October 7, 2013 Slide 36

Abnormal Combustion in SI Engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 37 October 7, 2013 Slide 37

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 38 October 7, 2013 Slide 38

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 39 October 7, 2013 Slide 39

p-t diagram of a normal cycle

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 40 October 7, 2013 Slide 40

p-t diagram of a knocking cycle

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 41 October 7, 2013 Slide 41

Knock Limited Parameters

Knock Limited Compression Ratio Knock Limited Inlet Pressure

Knock Limited Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

Performance number is defined as the ratio of Klimep with the fuel in question to Klimep with isooctane when the inlet pressure is kept constant.

Relative performance number, rpn :

rpn

Actual Performance number Performance number corresponding to the imep of 100

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 42 October 7, 2013 Slide 42

EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES ON KNOCK Density factors Time factors Composition factors

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 43 October 7, 2013 Slide 43

Density Factors:
Compression Ratio Mass of Inducted Charge

Inlet Temperature of the Mixture

Temperature of the Combustion Chamber Walls

Retarding the Spark Timing

Power Output of the Engine

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 44 October 7, 2013 Slide 44

Time Factors:
Turbulence Engine Speed Flame Travel Distance Engine Size Combustion Chamber Shape Location of Spark Plug

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 45 October 7, 2013 Slide 45

Composition Factors:
Fuel-Air Ratio:

Octane Value of the Fuel:

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M. I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 46 October 7, 2013 Slide 46

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 47 October 7, 2013 Slide 47

KNOCK RATING OF SI FUELS

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 48 October 7, 2013 Slide 48

Normal Combustion in CI Engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 49 October 7, 2013 Slide 49

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 50 October 7, 2013 Slide 50

Schematic representation of a fuel jet

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 51 October 7, 2013 Slide 51

Disintegration of a fuel jet

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 52 October 7, 2013 Slide 52

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 53 October 7, 2013 Slide 53

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 54 October 7, 2013 Slide 54

Effect of fuel-air ratio on power output of CI engine

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 55 October 7, 2013 Slide 55

Stages of combustion in CI engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 56 October 7, 2013 Slide 56

P-t diagram showing delay period

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 57 October 7, 2013 Slide 57

Steps of combustion process in CI engine

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 58 October 7, 2013 Slide 58

Combustion Rate (CI)

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 59 October 7, 2013 Slide 59

Effect of varying the amount of fuel injected on P- diagram

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 60 October 7, 2013 Slide 60

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DELAY PERIOD

Compression ratio Engine speed Power output Atomization of fuel and duration of injection Injection timing Quality of the fuel Intake temperature Intake pressure

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 61 October 7, 2013 Slide 61

Effect of compression ratio on maximum air temperature and minimum autoignition temperature
October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M. I.C. Engines Laboratory
Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 62 October 7, 2013 Slide 62

Effect of speed on ignition delay in a diesel engine

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 63 October 7, 2013 Slide 63

Effect of injection timing on indicator diagram

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M. I.C. Engines Laboratory
Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 64 October 7, 2013 Slide 64

Effect of engine variables on ignition delay

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 65 October 7, 2013 Slide 65

Abnormal Combustion in CI Engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 66 October 7, 2013 Slide 66

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 67 October 7, 2013 Slide 67

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 68 October 7, 2013 Slide 68

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 69 October 7, 2013 Slide 69

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 70 October 7, 2013 Slide 70

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 71 October 7, 2013 Slide 71

Combustion Chambers for Four Stroke CI Engines

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 72 October 7, 2013 Slide 72

CI Engine Combustion chambers

Open chamber or DI engine
Divided chamber or IDI engine

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 73 October 7, 2013 Slide 73

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 74 October 7, 2013 Slide 74

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 75 October 7, 2013 Slide 75

Phases of Combustion in Toroidal open combustion chamber

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 76 October 7, 2013 Slide 76

M-Combustion chamber

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 77 October 7, 2013 Slide 77

IDI Combustion chambers Swirl generation:

Induction induced swirl
Compression induced swirl Combustion induced swirl

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 78 October 7, 2013 Slide 78

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 79 October 7, 2013 Slide 79

Combustion in Ricardo swirl Chamber - Comet

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 80 October 7, 2013 Slide 80

Swirl chambers

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 81 October 7, 2013 Slide 81

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 82 October 7, 2013 Slide 82

Pre-combustion chambers

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 83 October 7, 2013 Slide 83

Mercedes Benz Pre-combustion System

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 84 October 7, 2013 Slide 84

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 85 October 7, 2013 Slide 85

Advantages of DI engines
Fuels of poorer ignition quality can be used.

Single-hole injection nozzles and moderate injection pressures can be used and can tolerate greater degrees of nozzle fouling.
Higher fuel-air ratios can be used without smoke.

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 86 October 7, 2013 Slide 86

Disadvantages of IDI Engines

More expensive cylinder construction.

More difficult cold starting because of greater heat loss through the throat. Poorer fuel economy due to greater heat losses and pressure losses through the throat, which result in lower thermal efficiency and higher pumping loss.
October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M. I.C. Engines Laboratory
Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 87 October 7, 2013 Slide 87

Knock Rating of CI Engine Fuel

Cetane number Variable compression ratio engine CFR Engine

October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M.

I.C. Engines Laboratory

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036

Slide 88 October 7, 2013 Slide 88

THE END
October 7,Mallikarjuna 2013 Dr. J. M. I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 89 October 7, 2013 Slide 89

Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036