MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

We use it to make a deduction about something that has happened. We feel quite sure about it. Example: If you cant find your car keys you must have left them in the house.

CANT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

We are making a deduction about something that didnt happen in the past based on present evidence. Example: He cant have fallen in love with her. Shes married.

SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Use it to express the idea that something was desirable or needed but didnt take place. Example: I should have called you yesterday but I forgot. Shouldnt have: Something took place but it wasnt desirable: You shouldnt have drunk so much. Now you feel terrible. MIGHT/MAY/COULD HAVE + PAST

NEEDNT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Its the opposite meaning to should have. It indicates that something was done but it wasnt necessary. The person who did it thought it was necessary. Example: You neednt have bought more milk. Weve got too much.

PARTICIPLE

MIGHT/COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Use them to say that something was Use them to say that something was possible in the past but we are not possible in the past but we know that sure. it didnt in fact happen. Example: Example: I think I saw Sally at the cinema but I If Mary hadnt been there, my son EXERCISE Choose correct might /may /could have the been wrong.option. might/could have fallen down and It was very dark. hurt himself. He was so lucky. 1-You cant/must have been upset when you heard the news. Its terrible! 2-You neednt/should have come to Martins birthday party yesterday. It was fantastic. 3-Michael neednt/cant have broken that window. He hasnt been here for three days. 4-This lamp cant/must have been on all night. Its burning. Be careful. Do not touch it. 5-Ann is very annoyed. You should/could have seen her face this afternoon when she answered the phone. 6-You must/could have missed the train if I hadnt woken you up on time. 7-Carol looks exhausted today. She should/must have been working until late last night. 8-You certainly cant/should have been crying. Your eyes dont look red at all. They look quite normal to me. 9-You neednt/couldnt have phoned him to tell him about the cancellation. I phoned him myself last night. 10-We went to the theatre last night. You could/should have seen that play. It was absolutely great. 11-It might/cant have been raining because the pavement looks a bit wet to me. 12-You couldnt/shouldnt have talked to Mandy like that. Now shes very upset.

KEY
1-You must have been upset when you heard the news. Its terrible! 2-You should have come to Martins birthday party yesterday. It was fantastic. 3-Michael cant have broken that window. He hasnt been here for three days. 4-This lamp must have been on all night. Its burning. Be careful. Do not touch it. 5-Ann is very annoyed. You should have seen her face this afternoon when she answered the phone. 6-You could have missed the train if I hadnt woken you up on time. 7-Carol looks exhausted today. She must have been working until late last night. 8-You certainly cant have been crying. Your eyes dont look red at all. They look quite normal to me. 9-You neednt have phoned him to tell him about the cancellation. I phoned him myself last night. 10-We went to the theatre last night. You should have seen that play. It was absolutely great. 11-It might have been raining because the pavement looks a bit wet to me. 12-You shouldnt have talked to Mandy like that. Now shes very upset. 13-Teresa cant have heard the phone ringing. Shes got her headphones on. 14-I wonder why we hurried. We had plenty of time. We neednt have hurried so much. 15-My sister might have failed the exam. She hasnt studied for it at all.