A

Guide to Salat Adhan Once the time of salat has entered, it is highly recommended to say the adhan prior to performing the salat, especially for men, and especially before the fajr and maghrib salat. Standing facing the qibla, putting two fingers in the ears, call out: Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar , Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, ashhadu al-laa ilaaha illAllaah, ashhadu al-laa ilaaha illAllaah, ashhadu anna MuHammadan rasoolullaah, ashhadu anna MuHammadan rasoolullaah, Hayya `ala S-Salaah, Hayya `ala S-Salaah, Hayya `ala l-falaaH, Hayya `ala l-falaaH, Hayya `alaa khayri l-`amal, Hayya `alaa khayri l-`amal, Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, laa ilaaha illAllaah, laa ilaaha illAllaah. (Allah is most great. Allah is most great. Allah is most great. Allah is most great. I testify that there is no god but Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah. I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Hurry to prayer. Hurry to prayer. Hurry to success. Hurry to success. Hurry to the best act. Hurry to the best act. Allah is most great. Allah is most great. There is no god but Allah. There is no god but Allah.) Care should be taken to say each phrase separately, not joining them to one another. Note: For an explanation of the transliteration conventions used in this guide, please see the section at the end. Iqama Next, the iqama is said. It is highly recommended to be said before all five prayers, especially for men, and precaution is not to drop it. Separate between the saying of the adhan and iqama by something like a step forward, a sitting down, etc, unless it is for

maghrib in which case one need not separate between them. Its format is as follows, said while standing facing the qibla, and being said in a faster pace than the adhan, though care still being taken to separate out each of the phrases: Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, ashhadu al-laa ilaaha illAllaah, ashhadu al-laa ilaaha illAlllaah, ashhadu anna MuHammadan rasoolullaah, ashhadu anna MuHammadan rasoolullaah, Hayya `ala S-Salaah, Hayya `ala S-Salaah, Hayya `ala l-falaaH, Hayya `ala l-falaaH, Hayya `alaa khayri l-`amal, Hayya `alaa khayri l-`amal, qad qaamati S-Salaah, qad qaamati S-Salaah, Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, laa ilaaha illAllaah. (Allah is most great. Allah is most great. I testify that there is no god but Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah. I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Hurry to prayer. Hurry to prayer. Hurry to success. Hurry to success. Hurry to the best act. Hurry to the best act. The prayer has been established. The prayer has been established. Allah is most great. Allah is most great. There is no god but Allah.) It is also recommended for women to do the above adhan and iqama, however for women it suffices for them to limit themselves to reciting the two shahada instead: ashhadu al-laa ilaaha illAllaah, ashhadu anna MuHammadan rasoolullaah Qiyam and the Opening Takbira Stand ready for salat, feet spread out to the amount of a handbreadth if the person praying is a male. Keep the feet pointed straight toward the qibla. If female, keep the feet joined together without space between them. The person praying is to face the qibla, not turning to the left or right, and is to maintain a state of reverence and devotion in servility to Allah, keeping his thoughts in his prayer and not be distracted from it thinking of worldly matters.

Then, open the salat by seven takbirat (Allaahu akbar). Begin with the first takbir, raising the hands along with it, fingers joined together except for the thumb being separated from the index finger, palms forward facing the qibla, hands not going past the earlobes. Then send the hands back down placing them upon the thighs. Do a second takbir likewise, and a third, and then say the following du`a: Allaahumma anta l-maliku l-Haqq, la ilaaha illaa ant, subHaanaka innee Zalamtu nafsee faghfirlee dhanbee innahu laa yaghfiru dh-dhunooba illaa ant (Allahumma, You are the true king, there is no god but You, glorified be You, I have wronged myself, so forgive me my sin, no one forgives sins but You.) Do two more takbirat, and then say this du`a: labbayka wa sa`dayk, wa l-khayru fii yadayk, wa sh-sharru laysa ilayk, wa l-mahdeeyu man hadayt, laa maljaa minka illaa ilayk, subHaanaka wa Hanaanayk, tabaarakta wa ta`aalayt, subHaanaka rabba l-bayt (At your service time after time, and aiding your cause time after time, and the good is in Your hands, and evil is not to You, and the guided one is whoever You have guided, and there is no shelter from You but to You, glorified be You and let your mercy be continuous to me, blessed be You and exalted be You, glorified be You, Lord of the House) Then do two more takbirat, thus completing seven takbirat. To do seven takbirat is recommended, or five takbirat, or three takbirat, however a minimum of one takbira must be done which would then be the takbirat al-ihram (takbira of forbiddance, called this because after it actions previously allowed are now forbidden to the person while praying, such as talking outside of salat), also known as the takbirat al-iftitah (takbira of opening, because by it the salat is opened, i.e. begun). After the final takbira, say the tawajjuh: #

wajjahtu wajhiya lilladhee faTara s-samaawaati wa l-arD, Haneefan wa maa ana min al- mushrikeen, inna Salaatee wa nusukee wa maHyaaya wa mamaatee lillaahi rabbi l- `aalameen, laa shareeka lahu wa bi-dhaalika umirtu wa ana min al-muslimeen (I have directed my face to the one who created the Heavens and the Earth, as a Hanif and I am not from the mushrikeen. My prayer, my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allah, Lord of the worlds, there is no partner for Him, and by that I have been commanded, and I am from the Muslims) The above supplications are recommended, but not obligatory. One may also simply say the following tawajjuh after the takbirat al-ihram, prior to reciting al-Fatiha: # wajjahtu wajhiya lilladhee faTara s-samaawaati wa l-arD, `alaa millati Ibraaheem, Haneefan musliman wa maa ana min al-mushrikeen, inna Salaatee wa nusukee wa maHyaaya wa mamaatee lillaahi rabbi l-`aalameen, laa shareeka lahu wa bi-dhaalika umirtu wa ana min al-muslimeen (I have directed my face to the one who created the Heavens and the Earth, upon the creed of Ibrahim, as a Hanif, as a Muslim, and I am not from the mushrikeen. My prayer, my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allah, Lord of the worlds, there is no partner for Him, and by that I have been commanded, and I am from the Muslims) Then say the ta`weedh (seeking refuge from Shaytan) (some say this part should be said in a hushed tone): # a`oodhu billaahi mina sh-shayTaani r-rajeem (I take refuge in Allah from Shaytan the accursed) or: # a`oodhu billaahi s-samee` i l-`aleemi mina sh-shayTaani r-rajeem (I take refuge in Allah the All-hearing the All-knowing from Shaytan the accursed)

 Qiraat Next it is obligatory to surat al-Fatiha. There are variant accepted recitations (qiraat) of the Quran (effecting some of the vowelling and such) all considered permissible to be used in salat, in particular the seven mutawatir recitations. The one given here is from the recitation of `Asim on the riwaya of Hafs. bismillaahi r-raHmaani r-raHeem al-Hamdu lillaahi rabbi l-`aalameen ar-raHmaani r-raHeem maaliki yawmi d-deen iyyaaka na`budu wa iyyaaka nasta`een ihdina S-SiraaTa l-mustaqeem SiraaTa l-ladheena an`amta `alayhim ghayri l-maghDoobi `alayhim wa la D-Daalleen (By the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. The Beneficent, the Merciful. Master of the Day of Requital. You do we worship, and You do we ask for help. Guide us on the straight path. The path of those whom You have blessed, not those against whom (You) are wrathful and not the astray) Next recite another complete sura of ones choosing, with the exception of the `azaim suwar, in which there is an obligatory sajda (as-sajda (32), ha meem sajda (41), an-najm (53), and surat al-`alaq (96)). Sura aD-DuHa (93) and sura alam nashraH (94) are considered to be a single sura together and so if one chooses to recite them they should both be recited in the single rak`at, likewise with sura al-feel (105) and sura quraysh (106). One sura that may be said in all of ones prayers, both in the first and second rak`at without it being disliked (makrooh), is sura al-ikhlas (112): bismillaahi r-raHmaani r-raHeem

qul huwallaahu aHad Allaahu S-Samad lam yalid wa lam yoolad wa lam yakun lahu kufuwan aHad (By the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. Say: He is Allah, One. Allah, the Everlasting Refuge. He has not begotten, and He has not been begotten. And there is none like unto Him.) In the fajr, maghrib and `isha prayers, both al-Fatiha and the second sura are to be recited audibly by men in the first two rak`at. For women, they may choose to recite them audibly or in a hushed tone, unless there is a non-mahram male present who can hear them in which case they should recite them in a hushed tone. In the zhuhr and `asr prayers, they are to recited in a hushed tone, except for the bismillaahi r-raHmaani r- raHeem in both al-Fatiha and the second sura, which is to be recited audibly as it is in the audible prayers. While in the standing position (qiyam), men should have their arms down, hands on the thighs. Women should have their hands covering their breasts, right on right, left on left, not with the hands covering each other. Ones eyes look at the place of prostration (sujud). Ruku` Do a takbir. As in all of the takbirat in the salat, from beginning to end, it is recommended to raise the hands during their saying. Go into ruku` (a bow). For men, in ruku` the palms should be clasping (cupping) the knees, fingers separated, back straight, extending the neck, while for women, the palms should be a little above the knees on the thighs instead with a slighter bending not bowing as low as men so as not to raise their buttocks. One looks at the space between ones feet during the ruku`. When one is in the ruku`, say the obligatory dhikr. The following are acceptable:

subHaana rabbiya l-`aZeemi wa bi-Hamdih (saying this three times, fives times, or seven times, though once is considered sufficient) (Glorified is my Lord the Great, and praise be unto Him) One may preface the dhikr with the following: Allaahumma laka raka`tu wa laka aslamtu wa bika aamantu wa `alayka tawakkaltu wa anta rabbee khasha`a laka qalbee wa sam`ee wa baSaree wa sha`ree wa basharee wa laHmee wa damee wa mukhkhee wa `iZaamee wa `aSabee wa maa aqallathu qadamaaya ghayra mustankifin wa laa mustakbirin wa laa mustaHsirin (Allahumma, I have bowed to You and submitted to You and believed in You and relied upon You, and You are my Lord, humble to You are my heart and my hearing and sight and my hair and my skin and my flesh and my blood and my brain and my bones and my nerve and what my feet have transported, not boastfully, and not conceitedly, and not tiredly) Instead of the above dhikr, one may also say three tashbihat as dhikr instead: subHaanallaahi subHaanallaahi subHaanAllaah (Glorified is Allah, Glorified is Allah, Glorified is Allah) Rise back up, standing straight, and then say: sami`Allaahu li-man Hamidah (Allah has heard the one who praised Him) or: sami`Allaahu li-man Hamidah, al-Hamdu lillaahi rabbi l-`aalameen

(Allah has heard the one who praised Him, Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds) or: sami`Allaahu li-man Hamidah, al-Hamdu lillaahi rabbi l-`aalameen, ahla l-jabarooti wa l-kibriyaai wa l-`aZamatu lillaahi rabbi l-`aalameen (Praise be to Allah Lord of the worlds, one of majesty and magnificence, and greatness is for Allah Lord of the worlds) Sujud Do another takbir. Then, send yourself down on the ground for sujud (prostration). If a male, send the hands down first upon ground prior to the knees, while a woman goes down knees first without the support of the hands. When in sujud, seven parts of the body must be on touching the ground: the forehead (which must prostrate on something that is from the earth, but neither eaten nor worn, and which must be tahir), the two palms, the two knees, and the big toe of the two feet. It is highly recommended for the nose to also be touching the ground. The hands should be close to the ears. For men, their elbows should be raised off the ground, spread out from their body in a wing like fashion, with the fingers open spread out and the upper torso with the buttocks raised to create vacant space between the body and the ground. For women, their elbows should be attached to the ground, upper torso as close to the ground as possible without raising of the buttocks. While in sujud, say a dhikr. The following is acceptable: subHaana rabbiya l-a`laa wa bi-Hamdih (saying this three times, fives times, or seven times, though once is considered sufficient) (Glorified is my Lord, the Exalted, and praise by unto Him) One may preface the dhikr with the following: #

Allaahumma laka sajadtu wa bika aamantu wa laka aslamtu wa `alayka tawakkaltu wa anta rabbee sajada wajhee lil-ladhee khalaqahu wa shaqqa sama`ahu wa baSarahu, al- Hamdu lillaahi rabbi l-`aalameen, tabaarakAllaahu aHsanu l-khaaliqeen (Allahumma, to You I have prostrated, and in You I have believed, and for You I have submitted, and upon You I have relied, and You are my Lord, my face has prostrated to the one who created it and clave its hearing and its vision, praise be to Allah Lord of the worlds, blessed be Allah the best of creators) Instead of the above dhikr, one may also say three tashbihat as dhikr instead: subHaanallaahi subHaanallaahi subHaanAllaah (Glorified is Allah) After the dhikr, sit back up, and do a takbir. Then say: astaghfirullaaha rabbee wa atoobu ilayh (I seek the forgiveness of Allah my Lord, and I turn unto Him (in penitence)) or: Allaahumma ghfir-lee wa rHamnee wa jburnee wa dfa` `annee innee limaa anzalta ilayya min khayrin faqeer, tabaarakAllaahu rabbu l-`aalameen (Allahumma forgive me and have mercy on me and amend me and remove from me, verily I am needy for what You have sent down to me of good, blessed be Allah Lord of the worlds) Then do a takbir. And go back into sujud, saying a dhikr as above again. Sit back up, again do a takbir.

 Second rak`at Now the first rak`at has been completed. Stand back up, and while in the motion of rising up say: bi-Hawlillaahi wa quwwatihi aqoomu wa aq`ud (By the power of Allah and His strength I stand and I sit) Note: this is the only part of the salat that is said while the body is in motion. All the other parts (e.g. the takbir, dhikr, etc.) are said while the body is still (other than the raising of the hands in takbir), whether standing, sitting, in ruku` or in sujud. While getting back up, men are to place their palms on the ground and raise themselves, while women are to raise themselves without the support of their hands, standing directly from a sitting position. Now, recite again surat al-Fatiha as above and another complete sura of ones choosing (the same rules as in the first rak`at apply here). Qunut After reciting the sura and before going into ruku` in the second rak`at, perform the qunut, preceded by a takbir. The qunut is said with the hand upraised, joined together, palms facing up and across the face. It is makruh (disliked) to raise the palms beyond the face. Any du`a or tasbih one wishes to say may be said during it, though praise of Allah, seeking forgiveness and goodness (in the world and the hereafter) for oneself and the believers is recommended in it. For example, the following du`a may be used: Allaahumma ghfir lanaa wa rHamnaa wa `aafinaa wa`fu `annaa fid-dunyaa wa l- aakhirah, innaka `alaa kulli shayin qadeer. (Allahumma forgive us and have mercy on us and grant us well-being and pardon us in this world and the hereafter, verily You are powerful over everything)

Another example of a du`a that could be used would be the following: # Laa ilaaha illAllaahu l-Haleemu l-kareem, laa ilaaha illAllaahu l-`aliyyu l-`aZeem, subHaanAllaahi rabbi s-samaawaati s-sab`, wa rabbi l-arDeena s-sab`, wa maa feehinna wa maa baynahunna wa rabbu l-`arshi l-`aZeem, wa l-Hamdu lillaahi rabbi l- `aalameen (There is no god but Allah, the Forbearing, the Generous, there is no god but Allah, the Exalted, the Magnificent, Glorified be Allah, Lord of the seven Heavens and Lord of the seven Earths, and what is in them and what is between them, and Lord of the mighty throne, and praise be to Allah Lord of the worlds) Even three tasbihat (saying subHaanAllaah) suffice for qunut. Following the qunut, do a takbir and then perform the ruku` and two sujud as in the first rak`at. First Tashahhud After the second sujud in the second rak`at, instead of standing back up, remain sitting to say the tashahhud. For men, they should sit in what is called the tawarruk position, with spacing between the legs, the buttocks on the ground, the weight of the body being held by the left, the right leg to the side with the upper part of the right foot resting on the sole of the left foot, the left leg passing under the right thigh. For women, they should instead sit in a squatting position, with the bottom of the feet propping them up, knees off the ground close to the chest and the legs joined together. While sitting, one then says the tashahhud. What is considered essential in the tashahhud is to say the shahadatayn (the two testimonies) and to send blessings upon the Prophet and his family. You may say it like the following: ashhadu al-laa ilaaha illAllaah, waHdahu laa shareeka lah, wa ashhadu anna MuHammadan `abduhu wa rasooluh, Allaahumma Salli `alaa MuHammadin wa aali MuHammad

(I testify that there is no god but Allah, He alone, there is no partner for Him, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and His messenger, Allahumma bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad) A longer form of the tashahhud as found in the hadith may instead be said: # # # bismillaahi wa billaahi wa l-Hamdu lillaahi wa khayru l-asmaai lillaah, ashhadu al-laa ilaaha illAllaah, waHdahu laa shareeka lah, wa anna MuHammadan `abduhu wa rasooluh, arsalahu bil-Haqq, basheeran wa nadheeran bayna yadayis s-saa`ah, ashhadu annaka ni`ma r-rabb, wa anna MuHammadan ni`ma r-rasool, Allaahumma Salli `alaa MuHammadin wa aali MuHammad, wa taqabbal shafaa`atahu fee ummatihi warfa` darajatah (By the name of Allah and by Allah, and praise be to Allah, and the best names are for Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah, He alone, there is no partner to Him, and that Muhammad is His slave and His messenger, He sent him with the truth giving tidings and portents ahead of the Hour, I testify that You are truly an excellent Lord and that Muhammad is truly an excellent messenger, Allahumma bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and accept his intercession for his Umma and raise his degree. (The hadith then says to praise Allah two or three times)) Taslim If this is a two rak`at salat (e.g. fajr) then one finishes the salat with the taslim. It may be said as follows: as-salaamu `alayka ayyuha n-nabiyyu wa raHmatullaahi wa barakaatuh, as-salaamu `alaa anbiyaaillaahi wa rusulih, as-salaamu `alaa Jibraeela wa Meekaaeela wal- malaaikati l-muqarrabeen, as-salaamu `alaa MuHammadi bni `Abdillaahi khaatami n- nabiyyeen, laa nabiyya ba`dah, wa s-salaamu `alaynaa wa `alaa `ibaadillaahi S- SaaliHeen

(Peace be upon you O Prophet and the mercy of Allah and his blessings, Peace be upon the prophets of Allah and His messengers, Peace be upon Jibrail and Mikail and the angels brought near, Peace be upon Muhammad ibn `Abdullah, the seal of the prophets, there is no prophet after him, and peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah) Then finish it with a final taslim: as-salaamu `alaykum wa raHmatullaahi wa barakaatuh (Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings) When reciting the final taslim, look somewhat to the right, such as with ones eyes, but not turning the head so much as to be turned away from the qibla completely. Out of the above taslim, parts of it are only recommended, not obligatory, and are not counted as the taslim itself. What is counted as the actual taslim is either the phrase as-salaamu `alaynaa wa `alaa `ibaadillaahi S-SaaliHeen and/or as-salaam `alaykum with it being precautionary to add wa raHmatullaahi wa barakaatuh. However there is no harm is saying both of these phrases out of precaution. Tasbihat al-Arba`a If this is a three rak`at (maghrib) or a four rak`at (zhuhr, `asr and `isha) salat, then do not say the above taslim yet, rather stand up again following the tashahhud. For the third and fourth rak`at, one has a choice of either reciting surat al-Fatiha or to say the tasbihat al-arba`a. al-Fatiha is recited as in the first two rak`at, except that it is said in a hushed tone (even the basmala) regardless of whether it is a salat where the recitations in the first two rak`at are said in a hushed or audible tone. The tasbihat al- arba`a, which are also said in a hushed tone, are as follows: # subHaanAllaahi wa l-Hamdu lillaahi wa laa ilaaha illAllaahu wAllaahu akbar (Glorified be Allah, and praise be to Allah, and there is no god but Allah, and Allah is most great)

The above is said three times, though once is considered to suffice. It is good to ask Allah for forgiveness at the completion of the above (Allaahumma ghfir-lee Allahumma forgive me). After reciting al-Fatiha or the tasbihat, perform the ruku` and sujud as in the first two rak`at. Second Tashahhud If it is a three rak`at salat (i.e. maghrib) and one has now finished the third rak`at, or it is four rak`at salat (zhuhr, `asr, and `isha) and one has finished the fourth rak`at, remain sitting (as it was after the second rak`at with the same guidelines for position) and say the final tashahhud. This may be said either in the shorter format above as in the first tashahhud, or in a more extended one, as in the following found in the aforementioned hadith: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! bismillaahi wa billaahi wa l-Hamdu lillaahi wa khayru l-asmaai lillaah, ashhadu al-laa ilaaha illAllaah, waHdahu laa shareeka lah, wa ashhadu anna MuHammadan `abduhu wa rasooluh, arsalahu bil-Haqq, basheeran wa nadheeran bayna yadayis s-saa`ah, ashhadu annaka ni`ma r-rabb, wa anna MuHammadan ni`ma r-rasool, at-taHiyyaatu lillaahi wa S-Salawaatu T-Tahiraatu T-Tayyibaatu z-zaakiyaatu l-ghaadiyaatu r-raaiHaatu s- saabighaatu n-naa`imaatu lillaah, maa Taaba wa zakaa wa Tahura wa khalaSa wa Safaa fa-lillaahi, wa ashhadu al-laa ilaaha illAllaah, waHdahu laa shareeka lah, wa ashhadu anna MuHammadan `abduhu wa rasooluh, arsalahu bil-Haqq, basheeran wa nadheeran bayna yadayis s-saa`ah, ashhadu anna rabbee ni`ma r-rabb, wa anna Muhammadan ni`ma r-rasool, wa ashhadu anna s-saa`ata aatiyatun laa rayba feehaa, wa annAllaaha

yab`athu man fil-quboor, al-Hamdu lillaahi l-ladhee hadaanaa li-haadhaa wa maa kunnaa li-nahtadiya law laa an hadaanAllaah, al-Hamdu lillaahi rabbi l-`aalameen, Allaahumma Salli `ala MuHammadin wa aali MuHammad, wa baarik `alaa MuHammadin wa `alaa aali MuHammad, wa sallim `alaa MuHamaddin wa `alaa aali MuHammad, wa taraHHam `alaa MuHammadin wa `alaa aali MuHammad, kamaa Sallayta wa baarakta wa taraHHamta `alaa Ibraaheema wa `alaa aali Ibraaheem, innaka Hameedun majeed, Allaahumma Salli `alaa MuHammadin wa `alaa aali MuHammad, waghfir lanaa wa li- ikhwaaninaa l-ladheena sabaqoonaa bil-eemaan, wa laa taj`al fee quloobinaa ghillan lilladheena aamanoo, rabbanaa innaka raoofun raHeem, Allaahumma Salli `alaa MuHammadin wa aali MuHammad, wamnun `alayya bil-jannati wa `aafinee min an- naar, Allaahumma Salli `alaa MuHammadin wa aali MuHammad, waghfir lil-mumineena wal-muminaati wa liman dakhala baytiya muminan, wa laa tazidi Z-Zaalimeen illaa tabaaran (By the name of Allah and by Allah, and praise be to Allah, and the best names are for Allah, I testify that there is no god but Allah, He alone, there is no partner for Him, and I testify that Muhammad is His messenger and His servant, He sent him by the truth, giving tidings and portents before the Hour, I testify that You truly are an excellent Lord and that Muhammad truly is an excellent messenger, salutations are for Allah and the pure, good, righteous, full, comfortable, abundant, boonful prayers are for Allah, what is good and pure and unalloyed and clear is for Allah, and I testify that my Lord is truly an excellent Lord and that Muhammad is truly an excellent messenger, and I testify that the Hour is coming there is no doubt in it, and that Allah will resurrect whoever is in the graves, praise be to Allah who guided us to this, and we would not be guided had Allah not guided us, praise be to Allah Lord of the worlds, Allahumma bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, and send benediction upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, and send peace upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, and have mercy upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as you have blessed and sent benediction and had mercy upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim, verily You are praiseworthy, glorious, Allahumma bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, and forgive us and our brethren who preceded us in the faith, and do not place in our hearts malice to those who have believed in our Lord, verily You are compassionate, merciful, Allahumma bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, and grant me the Garden and save me from the Fire, Allahumma bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and forgive the believing men and women and whoso entered my house believing and the believing men and women, and do not increase the wrongdoers (or: oppressors) but in perdition.)

Once the final tashahhud has been said, perform the taslim as mentioned for the two rak`at salat. Ta`qibat There are a number of recommended voluntary acts mentioned that one may perform after the salat is finished. Prominent in mention is the Tasbihat of the Lady Zahra . It consists of saying 34 takbira (Allaahu akbar), 33 tahmida (al-Hamdu lillaah) and 33 tasbiha (subHaanAllaah). This act should not be left off if possible, even though it is a voluntary act said after the salat is finished. For other du`as that are mentioned as recommended here, consult the appropriate books. Then, one performs the sajda of thankfulness, prostrating with the forearms touching the ground, and saying in it shukran shukran (thanks) a hundred times, or `afwan `afwan (pardon). And if one does say that, one may say shukran Allaah three times.

Transliteration Conventions The following is a listing of the transliteration convention used in this guide. a/u/i in the short vowels. Long vowels that are pronounced are indicated as aa/oo/ee. b t th j H kh d dh r z s sh S D T Z ` (backtick/grave accent) gh

 f q k l m n h w y Proper names such as Allah (Allaah) and Muhammad (MuHammad) are still capitalized out of respect in the transliterations, but this does not alter their pronunciation. Note: Where a comma is written this is indicating that the transliteration is assuming one is pausing here to break up or terminate a sentence. This can effect the pronunction of the endings of words. So for instance the last letter of the word would be transliterated as h if the sentence is being terminated while it would be transliterated as a t (and whatever vowel is attached to it depending on the syntax rule) if the sentence is being continued. This latter also effects the vowelling at the end with pauses becomes labbayka wa of the word, so for instance sa`dayk, wa l-khayru fii yadayk while without pauses would be read as labbayka wa sa`dayka wa l-khayru fii yadayka. Care has been given to give an accurate transliteration of the Arabic in this guide, however the Arabic itself always has precedence and should be relied upon if possible rather than the former.