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REFUTADAS VERSCULO POR VERSCULO

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Darci Dusilek, Fausto Aguiar de Vasconcelos, Joaquim de Paula Rosa, Joelcio Rodrigues Barreto, John Landers, Jos dos Reis Pereira, Josemar de Souza Pinto, Marclio de Oliveira Filho, Margarida Lemos Gonalves, Merval de Souza Rosa, Myrtes Mathias, Napolio Jos Vieira, Niander Winter, Orivaldo Pimentel Lopes, Oswaldo Ferreira Bomfim, Roberto Alves de Souza, Zaqueu Moreira de Oliveira

DAVID A. REED

REFUTADAS VERSCULO POR VERSCULO


2 Edio

Traduo de Marcelus Virglius Oliveira e Valria Oliveira Adaptao para Web e reviso (sob permisso do autor) O Irmo Brasileiro
irmaobrasil@ig.com.br

http://www.vigiatorre.cjb.net/

OBS: Copiado* para o formato Web pelo Irmo Brasileiro (http://www.vigiatorre.cjb.net ou http://www.vigiatorre.hpg.com.br) para distribuio com permisso do autor. Alm disso, a JUERP no est mais imprimindo esta obra. Entretanto, ao usar trechos deste texto, cite a fonte, respeitando assim os direitos autorais, para a honra e glria de nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo. Deus te abenoe!
*Em alguns trechos julguei necessrio mudar expresses que foram traduzidas diferentemente do que as testemunhas esto acostumadas (ex: testemunhas-de-jeov foi substitudo por testemunhas de Jeov; Voc poder viver para sempre no paraso na terra por Poder viver para sempre no paraso na terra).
Todos os direitos reservados. Copyright 1989 da Junta de Educao Religiosa e Publicaes da Conveno Batista Brasileira. Direitos cedidos, mediante contrato, pela Baker Book House, P.O. Box 6287, Crand Rapids, Michigan 49506, USA. Referncias Bblicas: A Bblia Vida Nova, A Bblia de Jerusalm, Traduo do Novo Mundo das Escrituras Sagradas, O Novo Testamento Vivo, Bblia Viva, Verso Revisada da imprensa Bblica Brasileira. Nota do Tradutor: A Bblia Vida Nova foi adotada como base neste trabalho. As demais verses foram usadas sempre que consideradas relevantes exata compreenso do pensamento do autor (e aparecem especificadas no texto). O autor usa nove diferentes verses em lngua inglesa que nem sempre encontram correspondncia em portugus. Traduzido do original em Ingls: Jehovah's Witnesses Answered Verse by Verse 1a edio - 1989/3.000 exs.

Sumrio
R323t Reed, David A. As Testemunhas de Jeov refutadas versculo por versculo/ David A. Reed; trad. de Marcelus Virglius Oliveira e Valria Oliveira. - 2. ed. Rio de janeiro: JUERP, 1990. 123p.

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Endereos JUERP
Junta de Educao Religiosa e Publicaes da Conveno Batista Brasileira Rua Silva Vale, 781 - Cavalcnti 21370 Rio de Janelro RJ Correspondncia Caixa Postal 320 - CEP: 20001 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Tel.: (021) 2690772 Representante Exclusiva Para o Brasil da: Casa Bautista de Publicaciones El Paso,Texas - USA Associacin Ediciones La Aurora Argentina Representante no Exterior Portugal CEBAPES - Centro Baptista de Publicaes Ltda - Lisboa - Portugal Belm - PA Travessa Padre Prudncio, 81 - Loja 3 66020 Belm PA Tel.: (091) 223-6297 Belo Horizonte - MG Rua da Bahia, 360 - Sobreloja - Centro 30160 Belo Horizonte MG Tel.: (031)222-3639 Braslia - DF SDS - BI. G. Lojas 13/17 - Conjunto Baracat 70300 Braslia DF Tel.:(061) 224-5449 Campinas - SP Rua Ferreira Penteado, 272 Centro 13010 Campinas SP Tel.:(0192) 321846 Campo Grande - MS Av. 13 de Maio, 2659 Centro 70005 Campo Grande MS Tel.:(067)"1963 Curitiba - PR Rua Desembargador Westephalen, 443 - Centro 80010 Curitiba PR Tel (041) 223-8288 Duque de Caxias - RJ Av. Nilo Peanha,411 Centro 25010 Duque de Caxias RJ Tel.: (021) 771-2358 Macei - AL Rua Joaquim Tvora, 274 Centro 57020 Macei AL Tel.: (082) 223-5110 Niteri - RJ Rua XV de Novembro, 49 Loja 102 Centro 24020 Niteri RJ Tel.: (021) 717-2917 Novalguau - RJ Rua Otvio Tarqunio, 178 Centro 28210 Nova Iguau RJ (021)787-8308 Porto AIepre - RS Av. Cristvo Colombo 1155 90460 - Floresta - Porto Alegre, RS Tel.: (0512) 22-0858 Recife - PE Rua do Hospcio, 187 - Boa Vista 50080 Recife PE Tel.: (081) 221-5470 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Rua Mariz e Barros, 39 Loja D 38/39 Praa da Bandeira 20270 Rio de Janeiro RJ Tel.; (021) 273-0447 Rua Silva Vale, 781 - Cavalcnti 21370 Rio de Janeiro RJ Tel.: (021) 269-0772 Rua do Rosrio, 141 - Sobreloja 215/216 - Centro 20041 Rio de Janeiro RJ Tel.: (021) 252-2628 Salvador - BA Av. Visconde So Loureno, 6 Campo Grande 40120 Salvador BA Tel.:(071)245-9328 Santarm - PA Av. Baro do Rio Branco, 404, Loja F 68100 Santarm PA Tel.: (091) 522-1332 So Paulo - SP Av. So Joo, 816/820 - Centro 01036 So Paulo SP Tel.: (011) 223-3433 Vitria - ES Rua Baro de ltapemirim 208 Centro-29010 Vitria ES Tel.: (027) 223-2893 Acampamento Batista Fazenda Palma Distrito Varpa 17600 Municpio de Tup SP Tel.: (0144) 42-2812 Ramal 33 Acampamento Batista Sitio do Sossego Estrada BR 101 S/N", KM 193 Rio Dourado - 23880 - Casimiro de Abreu RJ Tel.: (101) Pedir Telefonista Rio Dourado 2 Correio JUERP Rua Silva Vale, 781 - Cavalcnti Caixa Postal 320 21370 Rio de Janeiro RJ Tel.: (021) 269-0048 Imprensa Bblica Brasileira Rua Silva Vale, 781 - Cavalcnti 21370 Rio de Janeiro RJ Tel.: (021)269-0772 O Jornal Batista Rua Silva Vale, 781 - Cavalcnti 21370 Rio de Janeiro RJ TeL: (021) 269-0772 JUERP - CAPELAS E MVEIS Estrada Boa Vista, S/ N 28970 Araruama RJ Tel.: (0246) 65-1517

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