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d2y
dy
3 + 2y = 0
2
dx
dx
2
r 3r + 2 = 0
Simplificando:
( r 2)( r 1) = 0
y = c1e ( 1+i ) x + c2 e ( 1i ) x
y = c1e x cos x + c2 e x senx
r + 3r 2 + 3r + 1 = 0
3
r1 = 2
Simplificando:
( r +1) 3 = 0
r2 =1
y = c1e x + c2 e 2 x
2.
d2y
dy
4
+ 4y = 0
2
dx
dx
r 2 4r + 4 = 0
Simplificando:
( r 2)
r = 1
r de multiplicidad 3 entonces
y = c1e x + c2 xe x + c3 x 2 e x
r r 2 + r 1 = 0
3
=0
Simplificando:
r 2 ( r 1) +( r 1) =0
(r
r de multiplicidad 2 entonces
y = c1e 2 x + c2 xe 2 x
d2y
+ y =0
dx 2
r 2 +1 = 0
entonces:
r 4 1 = 0
Simplificando:
(r
)(
1 r 2 +1 = 0
y = c1 cos x + c2 senx
r1 =1, r2 = 1, r = 1
r3 = i
d y
dy
+ 2 + 2y = 0
2
dx
dx
2
r + 2r + 2 = 0
entonces:
r2 = 1 i
y IV y = 0
7.
y = c1e ix + c2 e ix
2 4 8
2
2 4
2 2i
r=
r =
2
2
r = 1 i r1 = 1 + i
+1 ( r 1) =0
r1 =i , r2 =i
r=
r = 1,
r1 =i, r2 =i, r3 =1
r = 1
4.
6.
r =2
3.
5.
r4 = i
8.
r 4 4 r 3 + 6 r 2 4r + 1 = 0
Simplificando:
( r 2) 4 = 0
r =2
r de multiplicidad 4 entonces
y = c1e 2 x + c2 xe 2 x + c3 x 2 e 2 x + c4 x 3e 2 x
9.
6r r 2 6r + 1 = 0
3
Simplificando:
r 2 ( 6r 1) ( 6r 1) = 0
(r
1 ( 6r 1) = 0
r + 4r 2 + 4r = 0
3
( r 1)( r +1)( 6r 1) = 0
Simplificando:
1
r1 =1, r2 = 1, r3 =
6
r ( r + 2) = 0
y = c1e x + c2 e x + c3e
3
10.
11.
r1 = 0, r2 = 2,
r2 de multiplicidad 2 entonces
y = c1 + c2 e 2 x + c3 xe 2 x
d y
d y
dy
2 2 3
=0
3
dx
dx
dx
r 3 2r 2 3r = 0
Simplificando:
r r 2 + 4r + 4 = 0
y IV + 2 y ' '+y = 0
12.
r 4 + 2r 2 + 1 = 0
r (r 2r 3) = 0
r ( r 3)( r +1) = 0
r1 = 0, r2 = 3, r3 = 1
2
Simplificando:
(r
+1) = 0
r1 =i , r2 = i
y = c1 + c2 e 3 x + c3e x
r1 y r2 de multiplicidad 2 entonces
y = c1e ix + c2 xeix + c3e ix + c4 xe ix
y = c1 cos x + c2 x cos x + c3 senx + c4 xsenx
13.
y IV
y IV = y
y =0
r 4 + 3r 2 4 = 0
r 4 1 = 0
Simplificando:
(r
y IV + 3 y ' '4 y = 0
14.
1)(r +1) = 0
2
Simplificando:
(r
(r
2
2
+ 4)( r 2 1) = 0
r1 =1, r2 = 1, r = 4
r3 = 2i
r4 = 2i
Entonces:
y = c1e x + c2 e x + c3e 2ix + c4 xe 2ix
y = c1e x + c2 e x + c3 cos 2 x + c4 sen2 x
15.
2r 7 r + 2 = 0
3
Simplificando:
( r + 2)(2r 2 4r +1) = 0
r 2r + 4 = 0
2
2r 4r +1 = 0
entonces
Simplificando:
2 4 16
2
2 12
2 2 3
r=
r =
2
2
r = 1 3i
4 16 8
4
4 8
4 2 2
r=
r =
4
4
2
r =1
2
2
2
r1 = 2,
r2 =1 +
, r3 =1
2
2
r=
r=
r1 = 1 + 3i,
y = c1e 2 x + c2 e
+ c3 xe
y = e x c1 cos 3 x + c2 sen 3 x
2
1
x
y IV + 4 y = 0
17.
r 4 2 r 3 + r 2 + 2r 2 = 0
Haciendo:
Haciendo:
( r + 1)( r 1) ( r 2 2r + 2) = 0
(r ) + 2 = 0
( r + 2 ) ( 2r ) = 0
( r + 2 2r )( r + 2 + 2r ) = 0
2
2 4 8
2
2 4
2 2i
r=
r =
2
2
r =1 i
r 2 2r + 2 = 0 r =
2 4 8
2
2 4
2 2i
r=
r =
2
2
r = 1 i r1 = 1 + i, r2 = 1 i
r 2 2r + 2 = 0 r =
r1 =1 +i,
2 4 8
2 4
r=
r =
2
2
2 2i
r =
r = 1 i
2
r3 = 1 + i, r4 = 1 i
entonces
y = c1e (1+i ) x + c2 e (1i ) x + c3e ( 1+i ) x + c4 e ( 1i ) x
y = c1e x cos x + c2 e x senx + c3e x cos x + c4 e x senx
y = e x ( c1 cos x + c2 senx ) + e x ( c3 cos x + c4 senx )
y ' '+y '2 y =0
20.
y ' ( 0 ) =1
r +r 2 =0
2
Simplificando:
( r + 2)( r 1) = 0
r1 = 2,
r2 =1
Entonces:
y = c1e 2 x + c2 e x (1)
Como y ( 0 ) =1 entonces en (1):
r2 =1 i, r3 = 1,
r4 =1
entonces
y = c1e (1+i ) x + c2 e (1i ) x + c3e x + c4 e x
r 2 + 2r + 2 = 0
y ( 0 ) =1,
18.
r4 + 4 = 0
2 2
r2 = 1 3i
Entonces:
y = c1e (1+ 3i ) x + c2 e (1 3i ) x
Entonces:
2
1+
x
16.
19.
2r 3r + 1 = 0
2
Simplificando:
( 2r 1)( r 1) = 0 r1 =
1 , r2 = 1
2
Entonces:
x
y = c1e 2 + c 2 e x y = c1e 2 + c 2 e x
1 = c1e 2 ( 0 ) + c2 e ( 0 )
1 = c1 + c2
... (2)
Como y ' ( 0 ) =1 entonces en (1)
derivando:
y ' = 2c1e 2 x + c2 e x
1 = 2c1e 2 ( 0 ) + c2 e ( 0 )
1 = 2c1 + c2
...(3)
1 = c1 + c2
(-) 1 = 2c1 + c2
0 = 3c1 c1 = 0 c2 = 1
Reemplazando en (1):
0 = c1
... (2)
Como y ' ( 0 ) = 2 entonces en (1)
derivando:
y ' = 3c1e3 x + c2 e 3 x + 3 xc2 e3 x
y = ( 0 )e 2 x + (1)e x
y =ex
21.
2 = 3( 0) e 3( 0 ) + c2 e3( 0 ) + 3( 0 ) c2 e 3( 0 )
r 2 6r + 9 = 0
2 = c2
Simplificando:
( r 3) 2 = 0
y = ( 0 )e 3 x + ( 2 ) xe3 x
r =3
y = 2 xe 3 x
r multiplicad 2 entonces:
22.
y ' '+4 y = 0
y ( 0 ) =1, y ' ( 0 ) =1
r r 2 r +1 = 0
3
Simplificando:
r +4=0
(r
Simplificando:
(r
1 ( r 1) = 0
r1 = 1,
Entonces:
y = c1e ( 2i ) x + c2 e 2ix
=0
r2 =1
r2 de multiplicidad 2
Entonces:
y = c1e x + c2 e x + c3 xe x
( r +1)( r 1) 2
+4 =0 r = 4
r1 = 2i, r2 = 2i
24.
y IV 5 y ' '+4 y = 0
r 4 5r 2 + 4 = 0
Simplificando:
... (2)
r3 =1
1
= c2
2
r4 = 1
Entonces:
r1 = 2, r2 = 2,
...(3)
y = c1e 2 x + c2 e 2 x + c3e x + c4 e x
1
sen2 x
2
Simplificando:
25.
2 4 16
2
2 12
2 2 3i
r=
r =
2
2
r = 1 3i
r r 3r + 3r 3r + 2 = 0
4
r 2 + 2r + 4 = 0 r =
Haciendo:
r ( r 1)( r 2 ) ( r 2 + 1) = 0
r1 = 0, r2 =1, r3 = 2, r4 = i, r5 = i
entonces
y = c1e ( 0 ) x + c2 e x + c3e 2 x + c4 ei + c5e i
r1 = 0, r2 = 2, r3 = 1 + 3i, r4 = 1 3i
Entonces:
r 4 8r = 0
r ( r 2 ) r 2 + 2r + 4 = 0
r 3r + 3r 3r + 2r = 0
5
26.
23.
...(3)
y = c1 + c2 e 2 x + e x c3 cos 3 x + c4 sen 3 x
27.
IV
r 4 + 6r 3 + 9r 2 = 0
4r 3 3r + 1 = 0
Simplificando:
Simplificando:
r ( r +3) = 0
r1 = 0, r2 = 3
( r +1)( 2r 1) 2 = 0
r1 = 1, r2 =
r1 y r2 de multiplicidad 2
Entonces:
y = c1 + c2 x + c3e 3 x + c4 xe 3 x
r2 de multiplicidad 2
Entonces:
x
y = c1 + c2 x + e 3 x ( c3 + c4 x )
y = c1e x + e 2 ( c2 + c3 x )
29.
r 4 + 2r 3 6r 2 16r 8 = 0
Simplificando:
( r + 2 ) 2 (r 2 2r 2 ) = 0
r 2 2r 2 = 0
2 4 +8
2
2 12
2 2 3
r=
r =
2
2
r =1 3
r=
r1 = 2, r2 =1 + 3 , r3 =1 3
r1 de multiplicidad 2
Entonces:
y = c1e 2 x + c2 xe 2 x + c3e (1+ 3 ) x + c4 e (1 3 ) x
y = e 2 x ( c + c x ) + c e (1+ 3 ) x + c e (1 3 ) x
2
30.
r + 3r + 2r = 0
4
Simplificando:
r 2 ( r +1)( r + 2) = 0
r1 = 0, r2 = 1, r3 = 2
r1 de multiplicidad 2
Entonces:
y = c1 + c2 x + c3e x + c4 e 2 x (1)
Cuando x = 0
0 = c1 + c2 ( 0 ) + c3e ( 0 ) + c4 e ( 0 )
( 2)
0 = c1 + c3 + c4
Cuando y = 4
4 = c2 c3 2c4 (4)
Cuando y = 6
6 = c3 + 4c4
(5)
y = c1e x + c2 e 2 + c3 xe 2
28.
1
2
31.
Solucin
32.
Solucin
r 6r +12r 8 =0
( r 2) =0
r 3 +r = 0
r ( r 2 +1) = 0
r1 = 2; r2 = 2; r3 = 2
r = 1
2x
+ c2 xe
2x
+ c3 x e
2
r1 = 0; r2 = i; r3 = i
2x
33.
y ' ( 0 ) =1, y ( 0 ) = 0,
Solucin
r 3 +r = 0
r ( r 2 +1) = 0
r = 1
r1 = 0; r2 = i; r3 = i
derivando:
1 = c3
...(3)
Como y ' ' ( 0) = 1 entonces en (1)
derivando:
1 = c2 cos 0 c3 sen0
c2 = 1
reemplazando en (2):
1 = c1
34.
Solucin:
35.
Solucin:
36.
y viii + 8 y iv +16 y = 0
Solucin:
y viii +8 y iv +16 y = 0
r 8 +8r 4 +16 = 0
( r 4 + 4) 2 = 0
r = 2i
r1 = 2i; r2 = 2i; r3 = 2i; r4 = 2i; r5 = 2i; r6 = 2i; r7 = 2i; r8 = 2i
37.
Solucin:
2 r 3 4 r 2 + 2 r + 4 = 0
2( r 2)( r 1)(r +1) = 0
r1 = 1; r2 =1; r3 = 2
38.
Solucin:
y iv + 4 y ' ' '+5 y ' '+4 y '+y = 0
r 4 + 4 r 3 + 5r 2 + 4 r + 1 = 0
( r 2 + r +1)(r 2 + 3r +1) = 0
r 2 + r +1
entonces
1 1 4
2
1 3i
r=
2
1
3i
r1 = +
,
2
2
r 2 + 3r +1
entonces
r=
3 9 4
2
3 5
r=
2
3
5
r 31 = +
,
2
2
r2 =
1
3i
,
2
2
r=
r4 =
3
5
2
2
3
3
5
5
2
2
2
y = c1e cos
x + c2 e sen
x + c3e cos
x + c4 e 2 sen
x
2
2
2
2
39.
Solucin:
r 3 2 r 2 + 4 r 8 = 0
( r 2)(r 2 + 4) = 0
r = 4
r1 = 2; r2 = 2i; r3 = 2i
40.
y iv 8 y ' '+16 = 0
r 4 8r 2 +16 = 0
r1 = 2 de multiplicidad 2
r1 = 2 de multiplicidad 2
y g = c1e 2 x + c2 xe 2 x + c3 e 2 x + c4 xe 2 x
41.
r1 = 2
r2 = 3
r3 = -1
luego
y g = c1e x + c2 e 2 x + c3 e 3 x
42.
r2 = 1 + 3i
r3 = -1 -
3i
luego
y g = c1e x cos( 3 x ) + c2 e 2 x sen( 3 x)
43.
r 4 + 4r 3 +10r 2 +12r + 5 = 0
(r +1) 2 (r 2 + 2r + 5) = 0
r1 = 1 de multiplicidad 2
r2 = 1 + 2i
r3 = 1 2i
y g = c1e x + c2 xe x + c3 e x cos 2 x + c4 e x sen2 x
44.
r 2 2r + 3 = 0
( r + 2)(r + 3)(r +1) = 0
r1 = 1 + 2i
r2 = 1 - 2i
luego
y g = c1e x cos 2 x + c2 e x sen2 x
reemplazando valores
x =0 ; y =0
c1 = 1
y ' = e x (c1 cos 2 x + c2 sen2 x) + e x ( 2c1 sen2 x + 2c2 cos 2 x )
x = 0;
y' =3
c2 = 1
y g = e x cos 2 x + e x sen2 x