Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Variables in Experiments
• Independent variables
• Dependent variables
2
Advantages of an Experiment?
Researcher’s ability to manipulate the
independent variable
Contamination from extraneous variables
can be controlled more efficiently
Convenience
Cost
Replication
3
Disadvantages of Experiments
Artificiality
of the laboratory
Generalization from nonprobability
samples
Larger budgets needed
4
Experimentation Process
Select relevant variables
Specify the treatment levels
5
Ways to Assign Subjects
Random Assignment
Matching Assignment
• Quota matrix
6
Does a Measure Accomplish
What it Claims?
Internal validity
External validity
7
Threats to Internal Validity
Selection
History
Statistical
Maturation
Testing
Regression
Experimental
Instrumentation
Mortality
8
Threats to External Validity
The Reactivity of Testing on X
Interaction of Selection and X
9
Experimental Designs
Preexperimental designs
Field experiments
10
Design Symbols
12
True Experimental Designs
Pretest-posttest control group design
13
Operational Extensions of True
Designs
Completely randomized designs
Randomized block design
Latin square
Factorial design
Covariance analysis
14
Field Experiments:
Quasi- or Semi-Experiments
Non Equivalent Control Group Design
15