SPSS LAB

WEEK 7 (24/11/07)

(Exploratory Factor Analysis)

:
1. (Exploratory Factor Analysis, Principal
Components Analysis, SPSS)
2. (Confirmatory Factor Analysis,
LISREL)
(data
reduction technique).


, .
(correlation matrix)
, (factors),

.

,
.
(Confirmatory Factor Analysis),
LISREL,

,
(causation).
6.


1. .
2. ( )
. , :
, ,
, .
3. , ,
(underlying latent factors)
.
.
4.
( ).
( )
.
5.
3 (
6 ).
6.
.
100 . >200 .

1. (correlation matrix computation)
2. (factor extraction)
3. (factor rotation) (simple
structure)
4.
5. ( ,
,
)

(Factor Extraction)

(
). ( )
, structural

coefficients factor loadings. loadings

.4.

(communality)
(uniqueness) (variable x =
communality + uniqueness).

(unique and error variance),
(principal components analysis).
(factor
analysis).
, Principal Components Analysis,
Principal Axis Factoring, Maximum Likelihood, Alpha Factoring, Image Factoring,
.
.

:
1. Eigen Values ( ) > 1 (Kaisers criterion, KaiserGuttman rule).
Eigen analysis: ,
( )
. Eigen
values correlation matrix
.
.
,
.
Eigen values > 1 ,
.
2. scree plot eigen values (
).
.
3.
,
( confirmatory factor analysis).
4.
loadings
(
).

 (Factor Rotation)
(Simple structure)


, . .
, :
- loadings (structural coefficients) .
- loadings (< .3)
.
-
.
:
1. Varimax rotation (orthogonal solution).
(
).
( )
.
.
2. Oblique rotation (non-orthogonal, oblique solution).
.
,
.

, (
), loadings (>
.4) . loadings
.
Oblique pattern matrix
( unique loadings,
). Varimax
rotated component matrix.
(simple structure),
loadings .
.


1. (simple structure).
2. /
3. ,
.
4. ,
.
5. , .

.3.
.
6.
.
7.
( ).
8.
.
9. .

.

A A
1. pattern matrix structural
coefficients loadings.
2. structural coefficients,
.
3.
(extraction method, . Principal components, principle axis factoring, etc).
(factor
rotation, . Varimax, Oblimin Kaiser Normalization)
(. Kaiser criterion,
).
4. (. ,
).
5. .


Descriptive Statistics
Mean

Std. Deviation

Analysis N

2.56

1.287

241

find it difficult to get

down to work

2.71

1.199

241

make plans and

stick to them

4.35

.924

241

worry about what

people think of me

3.85

1.345

241

feel comfortable
with myself

4.45

1.095

241

need the approval

of others

3.55

1.319

241

do just enough work

to get by

( 6- , 1: , 6: )
Correlation Matrix

Correlation

do just
enough work
to get by

find it difficult
to get down
to work

1.000

.343

-.301

.122

-.002

.058

find it difficult to
get down to work

.343

1.000

-.386

.240

-.266

.197

make plans and

stick to them

-.301

-.386

1.000

-.113

.113

-.132

.122

.240

-.113

1.000

-.456

.566

-.002

-.266

.113

-.456

1.000

-.394

.058

.197

-.132

.566

-.394

1.000

.000

.000

.029

.491

.186

.000

.000

.000

.001

.040

.039

.020

.000

.000

do just enough
work to get by

worry about what

people think of
me
feel comfortable
with myself

Sig.
(1-tailed)

need the
approval of
others
do just enough
work to get by

make plans
and stick to
them

worry about
what people
think of me

find it difficult to
get down to work

.000

make plans and

stick to them

.000

.000

.029

.000

.040

.491

.000

.039

.000

.186

.001

.020

.000

worry about what

people think of
me
feel comfortable
with myself
need the
approval of
others

feel
comfortable
with myself

need the
approval of
others

.000
.000

Total Variance Explained

Component

Initial Eigenvalues

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Rotation
Sums of
Squared
Loadings(a)

Total
2.276

% of Variance
37.929

Cumulative %
37.929

Total
2.276

% of Variance
37.929

Cumulative %
37.929

Total
2.070

1.395

23.249

61.178

1.395

23.249

61.178

1.763

.735

12.247

73.425

.651

10.853

84.277

.528

8.798

93.075

.416

6.925

100.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

a When components are correlated, sums of squared loadings cannot be added to obtain a total
variance.

Scree Plot
2.5

2.0

1.5

Eigenvalue

1.0

.5

0.0
1

Component Number

Pattern Matrix(a)
Component
1

do just enough work

to get by

-.125

.770

find it difficult to get

down to work

.203

.710

make plans and

stick to them

.006

-.753

worry about what

people think of me

.830

.031

-.760

.008

.813

-.016

feel comfortable
with myself
need the approval
of others

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged in 4 iterations.

Component Correlation Matrix

Component
1

1
1.000

2
.198

.198
1.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization.

:
ftp: //ftp.soc.uoc.gr/psycho/Manola/week7 data.sav.
,
.
1. 12
(
).
2. Principal Components Analysis
(factor extraction).
,
eigen values > 1,
(scree plot).
8

3. M
, (rotation)
Direct Oblimin.
4. descriptive statistics (univariate descriptives
initial solution) correlation matrix (coefficients and significance levels).
5. structural coefficients (loadings, pattern matrix)
, loadings,
pattern matrix (sort by
size, suppress absolute values less than .3).
6. factors ,
structural
coefficients ( pattern matrix). ,

,

.

1.
; : _______________ : _________
2. eigen values > 1; ____________
scree plot; _________________________________
3.
; __________________ ; ____________
4. (simple structure); _____________________
__________________________________________
5. ; ___________________________
; _________________________________________
; ____________________________
; ________________________________________
; ___________________________
; _______________________________________