2001 5 65 48 ( 2 71

) 5.46

1991 2001 1 20
29.34
28.01
1991

2001 910 922 1000 1901
:

2001
: 1951 2001

1901
1961

6 1991
2001
1991 6
1000 916 2001 909 6

2
(22) 3

, 19912001 1991
38.55 2001 61.03 1991 20.44 2001

44.34
1991 9.2 2001 37.74

73 74

(Human Development Indicator) ,

3 (NFHS.3)

15 49 53.01 17.9

36.7 (CED)
20.2 (CED)

2 (NFHS-2) 49 (3 ) NFHS.2
82 NFHS.3 79.06 15 49
NFHS.3
61.2 15 49 33.6

445 1 (SRS-2004)

 :: 1991

78.95 2001 76.02

: :(1)

(2)

( , , )

(....3 (NFHS-3) 2024
57.01 18

)

:
3 46.03
,

""

,

,
''

, ,

-


,

, ,

- -, -

-

""

''

""

, ''

 , ,


, , ,

() - - -

. ..
""

, ''

() -

() - ,

() -
- -

- (-

) ,

,

-

() -
, ,

() - -

()

-





:

"" ,
''

() -
,

,

() -

() -

"'

( .) ,

, , ,
,

, -,

"' ,
,
,

,
,

() - ,

: ,
-

"--' .

, .

() - ,

 ,
,
,

,
,
,

.

2011 . ,
20 2011 34
,
-
[

, ,

1963 1967
,

14
,
- 13 1995 18 1995, 21 1997 21 1997, 2002-2003 2007 2012 ,
,

, - 1997-1999, 1999-

2000 20002005 1996 1997

20032004 ,
20032008

,

1998 13
3 1998
,
1980 1981

; 1730 .

.
( )

.[8] :

:


.
(, )

.[9]

[ ]
[10]

.

.[11]

[12][13]

[14]

.

.[15]

(
)
.
. .


500
)

.[16] (

( )

.[7]

,
.[16]
.[17]

[ ]
:Pastimes15.jpg

[10][7]

, , .

. .[17]
.
[7]

, , .

. 1564

1590

.
.

.
, , .[17]

.[16] -
. -

, .
,

,

.

. ;

; ;

.

()
.

: Women in Sikhism

 [ ]

. .

,
. ,
. 1829 .
.[18] 1987 ()
.[19]

(
)
. -

, - (/
)

" "

. ; -

.

,

.[

.
[20]
..
.

[ ]

 19

.[21]

, , ,
.

. 1929 -
-

1956 .
.
,

) .

16 ,


.

1857

.
.

- 1857

. .
.

.
,

.
1917

. 1927

[16]

. 1929

.[16][22] ,


.[23]

. , .

, , , ,

,


.

,
.

[ ]
, , , ,
, .[7]

[24]

(
14),
(
15 (1)), (
16),

(
39 ()) .

(
15(3)),

(
51()())

.
[25]
(
42)].

1970 .
. (
)
1979-

1980 .

,
.[25]
, ,
.

,[26]

, , , ,

- .[25]

.[16]

1990
-

() . -
()
.
. ,
.

2001 ( )
.[16] 2001 .[27]

2006 .
.

,
10 .
.[28]

 , 9 2010

33% .[29]

[ ]

:

1879:
1849
, 1879

1883:

1886:

1905: .[30]
1916: ,

2 1916 .

1917:

1919: ,

--

1925:

1927: .
1944:
.

1947: 15 1947 ,

, .

1951: .

1953:

( ) .

1959: , ( )
.[31]

1963:

1966:
,

1966:
.

1966:

1970:

1972:

( )

[32]

1979:

1984: 23 ,

1989: .

[33]

1997:

1992:

1993 )

.[34]
(6

[35]

1994:
.

2000: ( 2000

2002:

2004:
,

2007:

2009: , .

[ ]

( )

.
.

.[36]

( )

[ ]
1992-93 9.2% .

35% -
.[37]

[ ]

 -
.

.[25]1997

.
.[25]
() 40%

10% .[

2000

0.3 ( ) 7.42 (70 42 )

0.12 (12 )
.[

. .
1998

(
),
( .[38]

[ ]
.[39]

[25]

.

.
.

30% .

.

89.5%
.[37]
55%
66%% . 1991

94% . - -
51% .[37]

2006 -
. (

)
,
.[40]

[ ]

.[25]

.[41]

.

1956 (, , )
.

.
,

. 2005


.[42]

1986
,

.
-

.

( )

[43]

.
1994

( )
[16]
.
.

[ ]
.
1998 2010
.[25]

.
.[25]

[ ]
1990
.[25] ( )

(
) .

() " "
. , , ,

1987 ()
.[44]

1997

.

- .
-

.[25]

[ ]
: Dowry, Dowry death, Dowry law in India

1961

.[45] -
,
. 1980 .[39]

1985 (
)

-
.[46]

. ,
,


. .

1997 [47] 5,000

" " .

"
" ( ) .
.

[ ]
.

- .

,
, -
.[23] 1860

.[48]

" -2009"
20-24

47% 18 56%

.[49] 40%
.[50]

[ ]
: Sex-selective abortion and infanticide



.[25]

.


[25]
,
.

. ( )
.[25]
-
.

[ ]
- () .[

, 2005 26 , 2006 .

[ ]
() 1956 .[51]

. ,

[ ]

- . ,

.[25]

[16]


. 42%

[25]

.

(1997)
88% (15-49 ) ()
.[37]

. , -

.
- .

75% 95%
.[25]

[ ]

: Category:Indian women List of Indian film actresses

..
,

. .

,
.
. . (), (), (),

.. ,

(), () ( ) .
() ( 2000 ) .

.[41] 73 74

.
,

.[25]

, - .

.

, , , ,

(
.

-


2012-13

1 80 , ,
1 2012 -

400 300

, 1

140

3
5 , 5 10
10 15


, ,

Source : , ,
(.)

, ,

, - ,
, , , , -

, , ,

), 44

19, 21, 23, 24, 37, 39(

325

14, 15, 16,

?
,

, ,,

-


1

- ,

,

-

2
. ..

, ,

, ,
, ,,

, ,, ,

-

,
-

, ,,

, ,

-
, , , ,

, , ,,
, ,

, , ,

, ,

-
, , , ,
, , , ,

, ,
,
,
,

, , , ,
, , , ,

,
, , ,
,
, , , , ,
, ,

,, , , ,

.. ()
1

(2011)

97.9

99.8
86.5

98.5
65.46

 ()
.. ()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011

8.9
15.4
22.0
29.8
39.3
53.7
65.46

..

1

940

1025

1041

1020

10

1140

11

1041

12

1041

944
1029
1016

1000

990

1000

1020,

944

1041

1140

1016,
940

1029,

1000

1025,

990

15

49

70

1.5

,
,

63

59

46.3

45.8

1951

1000

- ,

..
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011

946
941
930
934
927
933
940

, , ,

53.8

, 40

2/3

43


3
-

- -, -,

,
,

, ,


,

30

10

200

 //

40

/
,

30

10

(6 10 )
(3 )

50

(
)

15

72

, , , ,





,

70

-, , , ,

60

..
1

2006-07

40

2007-08

43

2008-09

48

2009-10

48

2010-11

48

67.6

-

,

8,
2010

33

552
1952

545

1952
1957
1962
1967
1971
1977
1980
1984
1989
1991
1996
1998
1999
2004
2009

499
500
503
523
521
544
544
544
517
544
543
543
545
539
545

22
27
34
31
22
19
38
44
27
39
39
43
49
44
60

4.4
5.4
6.8
5.9
4.2
3.3
5.2
8.1
5.2
7.2
7.2
7.9
8.65
8.16
11.0

1952

2009

2009 60
11

2002
2004
2009

()

()
32
33
34

41
45
07

00
00
37

73
78
78

02
02
03

06
06
01

00
00
04

08
08
08

49
44
60

1952

2008

..

1952
1957
1962
1967
1972
1977
1980
1985
1990
1993
1998
2003
2008

100
176
176
184
184
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

04
21
15
19
17
31
31
45
93
97
69
118
155

02
09
08
07
13
08
10
17
11
10
15
12
25

1.25
5.11
4.54
3.80
7.06
4.00
5.00
8.50
5.50
5.5
7.0
6.0
12.5

//



, ,

33

50

, , , , ,

, , ,, , ,
, , ,

 , , ,,




,

, ,

18

6


,







1.

, ., , .

. 1,-

2001,

39

2.

, , ,,

3.

, .., ,

2001,

56

, , 2004
4.

: , (...

), 43,
5.

2011,

19

, , , , ,

2008,

'

', ' '

92-93

, , , , ,
- ,

, , ,

,

,
,

-

,
-

,
, , -

,
( )
- ,

,

*
*

*
*

: , , , -2

: .

350/-

[LARGE][LINK=/index.php/yeduniya/1544-2012-06-08-03-0047] :
[/LINK]
Written by NewsDesk

[/LARGE]

Category: [LINK=/index.php/yeduniya]-- - - --[/LINK]

Published Date
[LINK=/index.php/component/mailto/?tmpl=component&templ
ate=youmagazine&link=36df3548559a88a81bc619ac5b5634a1541
14971][IMG]/templates/youmagazine/images/system/emailBut
ton.png[/IMG][/LINK]
[LINK=/index.php/yeduniya/1544-2012-06-08-03-0047?tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default&page=][IMG]/te
mplates/youmagazine/images/system/printButton.png[/IMG]
[/LINK]


,

10
12

2000

,
,

,
2




.
73 20

73
,

, 10
12 10

,
-

2010

150

,
,
3

50

,
2

17

23

 23000

24 26

, .

, -

? ,
, . , -

, , .
.
, .

.

, , :
.

73 10-15
.

, , ,



:
.

Print

33

-
, 1994

33

33

1992 73 74



-

,

33

, :
, -

- -

, ,



42 , 1998 51

2000 370 , 2012 269 2000

95 2012 48

55 45 158 , 27 12 303
,

-

-



943 , 991
80.27
60.24 2001-2011
2.89 , 8.39


:

: -

:
20

30 34 50

-
50
26
-

-
-

, , , , , , , , ,
, , ,

, ,

-2005, 2005

1091

2012

, 40



,

, , ,
, ,
26 ,

3 6 - , 6 3

' -- '
' ,

, , , , ,

, 14 ...
285

57 931 :