India Tourisum Project

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH
A Project Report on
“A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH”
SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BANGALORE-85
Under the guidance and supervision of
Mrs. SRILATHA
“Submitted to the SIDVIN School of Business & Institute of

Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Second
Semester for the award of”
“Post Graduate Programme in Management”
Submitted By
PRAKASH KUMAR RAI
JUNE 2009
BANGALORE-85
SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 1

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
BANGALORE-85
This is to certify that the project work entitled
Carried out by
“PRAKASH KUMAR RAI”
has been completed and submitted in partial fulfillment for award of
Post Graduate Programme in Management of SIDVIN School of
Business & Institute of Technology during the academic year 2008-
2010.
This project has not been submitted to any other university for the award
of any Degree or Diploma.
Date :
(Prof. K. ASHOK ANAND)
Reg. No. :520873553
(DIRECTOR)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled
Carried out by
“ PRAKASH KUMAR RAI ”
Has been completed and submitted under my guidance in partial
fulfillment for award of Post Graduate Programme in Management of
the SIDVIN School of Business & Institute of Technology during the
academic Year 2008-2010.
This project has not been submitted to any other university for the award
of any Degree or Diploma.
Date :
(Mrs. SRILATHA)
Reg. No. :520873553
(FACULTY)

DECLARATION
I declare that this project titled A STUDY ON TURISUM IN UTTAR
PRADESH completed in the academic year 2008-2010 is my own and I
have not copied the project from any source. This project is submitted in
partial fulfillment for award of Post Graduate Programme in
Management of SIDVIN School of Business & Institute of
Technology. This project has not been submitted to any other University
for the award of any Degree or Diploma.
Date:

Place:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would, first & foremost, like to thank God Almighty for his
perpectual blessings and guidance throughout this project.
I am extremely grateful to Mr. Ashok Anand , Director of Sidvin ,

for his cooperation & support.
I am very much thankful to my faculty guide Mrs. SRILATHA , for

her encouragement & guidance throughout this project work.
I am highly thankful and express my gratitude to my friend

SHWETHA V B for providing me a good working environment and
also valuable guidance at every stage of my project work.
Last but not the least, I thank my parents & Well wishers for their
encouragement and support without which this project report
would not have materialized.
With sincere regards,

(2008-2010)

CONTENTS
Chapter Topic Name Page

No. No
Chapter - 1 Introduction 7
• Definition
• Domestic and international
Tourism
• World Tourism
• Most visited Attraction
• History
• Growth
• Latest Trends
• Tourism In India
• Historic Monuments
Chapter - 2 Uttar Pradesh 50

• Introduction
• History
• Economy
• Tourism & Hospitality
Chapter - 3 Conclusion 62
Chapter - 4 Bibliography 66

Chapter – 1

Introduction
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The

World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and
stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four
(24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business
and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated
from within the place visited". Tourism has become a popular global
leisure activity. In 2007, there were over 903 million international tourist
arrivals, with a growth of 6.6% as compared to 2006. International
tourist receipts were USD 856 billion in 2007.
Despite the uncertainties in the global economy, international tourist

arrivals during the first four months of 2008 followed a similar growth
trend than the same period in 2007. However, as a result of the
economic crisis of 2008, international travel demand suffered a strong
slowdown beginning in June 2008, with growth in international tourism
arrivals worldwide falling to 2% during the boreal summer months, while
growth from January to April 2008 had reached an average 5.7%
compared to its 2007 level. Growth from 2006 to 2007 was only 3.7%, as
total international tourism arrivals from January to August were 641
million tourists, up from 618 million in the same period in 2007.
Tourism is vital for many countries, such as the U.A.E, Egypt, Greece
and Thailand, and many island nations, such as The Bahamas, Fiji,
Maldives and the Seychelles, due to the large intake of money for
businesses with their goods and services and the opportunity for
employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These

service industries include transportation services, such as airlines,

cruise ships and taxis, hospitality services, such as accommodations,
including hotels and resorts, and entertainment venues, such as
amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, various music venues and
the theatre.
Definition
Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as people who travel "The
sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay
of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and
are not connected with any earning activity” In 1976, the Tourism
Society of England's definition was: "Tourism is the temporary, short-
term movement of people to destination outside the places where they
normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each
destination. It includes movements for all purposes." In 1981, the
International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined
tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and
undertaken outside the home.
The United Nations classified three forms of tourism in 1994, in its

"Recommendations on Tourism Statistics: Domestic tourism", which
involves residents of the given country traveling only within this country;
Inbound tourism, involving non-residents traveling in the given country;
and Outbound tourism, involving residents traveling in another country.
The UN also derived different categories of tourism by combining the
three basic forms of tourism: Internal tourism, which comprises domestic
tourism and inbound tourism; National tourism, which comprises
domestic tourism and outbound tourism; and International tourism,
which consists of inbound tourism and outbound tourism. Intrabound
tourism is a term coined by the Korea Tourism Organization and widely

accepted in Korea. Intrabound tourism differs from domestic tourism in

that the former encompasses policymaking and implementation of
national tourism policies.
Recently, the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of

inbound tourism to the promotion of intrabound tourism, because many
countries are experiencing tough competition for inbound tourists. Some
national policymakers have shifted their priority to the promotion of
intrabound tourism to contribute to the local economy. Examples of such
campaigns include: "See America" in the United States; "Truly Asia" in
Malaysia; "Get Going Canada" in Canada; "Peru. Live the Legend" in
Peru; "Wow Philippines" in the Philippines; "Uniquely Singapore" in
Singapore; "100% Pure New Zealand" in New Zealand; "Amazing
Thailand" in Thailand; "Incredible India" in India; and "The Hidden
Charm" in Vietnam
Domestic and International Tourism
Usually, a distention is drawn between domestic or internal and
foreign of international tourism. In domestic tourism people travel
outside their normal domicile to other areas within the country. Barriers
like language, currency and documentation are not in the domestic
tourism. But in India, since difference estates have different languages,
ones own language may not serve a medium of communication. Domestic
tourism has no balance of payment implications.
When people travel to a country other that which they normally
live in is known as international tourism, the distinction between
domestic and international tourism is now diminishing. The reasons
being:

• Language barriers are reduced by improving language skills
• Currency and customs unions are developing in many
European countries.
• With globalization the free movement of people is growing.
Considering the greater multiplier effect in domestic tourism,
domestic tourism would have received greater emphasis in India.
Reliable data on the growth of domestic tourists traffic are not
available as not extensive survey has been conducted on a national level
by any agency, government or otherwise not given the numerous festivals
celebrated throughout out the year, the innumerable tourist's centers in
the country, the geographical expands and the resource constraints,
estimates of documents tourists' traffic through an executive survey is
considered impossible.
Domestic tourism if considered separate from the travel for
religious and commercial purpose. It is a post-independence
phenomenon. Industrial growth, improvement in the standard of living,
rise in disposable income and most importantly the improvement of
tourist infrastructure search as hotels, air, train and road transport has
contributed to the impressive growth in tourist traffic.
The definition of a domestic tourist is a person who travels
within the country to a place of residence and stays at hotels or other
accommodations establishments run on commercial basis or in

dharmashalas, sarais, chaultries etc. for duration of not less than 24
hours.
The factors that govern the magnitude of domestic tourist traffic
are the religious and cultural importance of a place. The extent of
manufacturing, business and trading activity, the climatic conditions,
the infrastructure facilities available and the geographical location etc.
the current rough estimate of domestic tourism in India is ten million a
year.
World tourism statistics and rankings
Most visited countries
The World Tourism Organization reports the following ten countries as

the most visited in 2007 by number of international travelers. When
compared to 2006, Ukraine entered the top ten list, surpassing Russia,
Austria and Mexico. Most of the top visited countries continue to be on
the European continent.
International International
UNWTO
tourist tourist
Rank Country Regional
arrivals arrivals
Market
(2007) (2006)
1 France Europe 81.9 million 79.1 million
2 Spain Europe 59.2 million 58.5 million

United
3 North America 56.0 million 51.1 million
States
4 China Asia 54.7 million 49.6 million
5 Italy Europe 43.7 million 41.1 million
United
6 Europe 30.7 million 30.7 million
Kingdom
7 Germany Europe 24.4 million 23.6 million
8 Ukraine Europe 23.1 million 18.9 million
9 Turkey Europe 22.2 million 18.9 million
10 Mexico North America 21.4 million 21.4 million
International tourism receipts
International tourist receipts were USD 96.7 billion in 2007, up from

USD 85.7 billion in 2006. When the export value of international
passenger travel receipts is accounted for, total receipts in 2007 reached
a record of USD 1.02 trillion or 3 billion a day. The World Tourism
Organization reports the following countries as the top ten tourism
earners for the year 2007. It is noticeable that most of them are on the
European continent, but the United States continues to be the top
earner.

UNWTO
Tourism Tourism
Receipts Receipts
Market
(2007) (2006)
1 United States North America $96.7 billion $85.7 billion
2 Spain Europe $57.8 billion $51.1 billion
3 France Europe $54.2 billion $46.3 billion
4 Italy Europe $42.7 billion $38.1 billion
5 China Asia $41.9 billion $33,9 billion
6 United Kingdom Europe $37.6 billion $33.7 billion
7 Germany Europe $36.0 billion $32.8 billion
8 Australia Oceania $22.2 billion $17.8 billion
9 Austria Europe $18.9 billion $16.6 billion
10 Turkey Europe $18.5 billion $16.9 billion
International tourism top spenders
The World Tourism Organization reports the following countries as the

top ten biggest spenders on international tourism for the year 2007. For
the fifth year in a row, German tourists continue as the top spenders. A

study by Dresdner Bank forecasts that for 2008, Germans and

Europeans, in general, will continue to be the top spenders, because of
the strength of the Euro against the United States dollar, with strong
demand for the U.S. in favor of other destinations.
UNWTO
Tourism Tourism
Expenditures Expenditures
Market
(2007) (2006)
1 Germany Europe $82.9 billion $73.9 billion
2 United States North America $76.2 billion $72.1 billion
3 United Kingdom Europe $72.3 billion $63.1 billion
4 France Europe $36.7 billion $31.2 billion
5 China Asia $29.8 billion $24.3 billion
6 Italy Europe $27.3 billion $23.1 billion
7 Japan Asia $26.5 billion $26.9 billion
8 Canada North America $24.8 billion $20.5 billion
9 Russia Europe $22.3 billion $18.2 billion
10 South Korea Asia $20.9 billion $18.9 billion

Most visited attractions
Forbes Traveller released a ranking of the world's 50 most visited tourist

attractions in 2007, including both international and domestic tourists.
The following are the Top 10 attractions, followed by some other famous
sites included within the list of the 50 most visited. It is noticeable that
four out of the top five are in North America.
Most visited attractions by domestic and international

tourists in 2007 top 10 ranking tourist attractions
Number
World's of
Tourist attraction Location Country
ranking visitors
(millions)
United
1 Times Square New York City 35
States
2 National Mall and Washington, United 25

Memorial Parks D.C. States
Lake Buena United

3 Magic Kingdom 16.6
Vista, Orlando States
United
4 Trafalgar Square London 15
Kingdom
Anaheim, United
5 Disneyland 14.7
California States
Canada &
Ontario & New
6 Niagara Falls United 14
York
States
Fisherman's Wharf San Francisco, United

7 13
& Golden Gate California States
Tokyo Disneyland
8 Urayasu Japan 12.9
& Tokyo DisneySea
Notre Dame de
9 Paris France 12
Paris
10 Disneyland Paris Paris France 10.6
Other selected famous destinations
11 Great Wall of Badaling China 10

China
15 Louvre Paris France 7.5
18 Eiffel Tower Paris France 6.7
Hong Kong
24 Hong Kong China 5.2
Disneyland
United
28 Universal Studios Los Angeles 4.7
States
United
31 Grand Canyon Arizona 4.4
States
United
36 Statue of Liberty New York City 4.24
States
37 Vatican City Vatican City Vatican City 4.2
Sydney Opera
38 Sydney Australia 4
House
39 The Colosseum Rome Italy 4
Empire State United

42 New York City 4
Building States
44 London Eye London United 3.5

Kingdom
47 Giza Pyramids Cairo Egypt 3
50 Taj Mahal Agra India 2.4
Most visited cities
Euro monitor released a ranking of the world's 150 most visited cities by
international tourists in 2007. The following are the leading 15 cities,
according to Euro monitor’s ranking:
However, other sources report Paris as the most visited city in the world
with 30 million visitors.
History
Wealthy people have always traveled to distant parts of the world, to see
great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, and experience new
cultures and to taste different cuisines. Long ago, at the time of the
Roman Republic, places such as Baiae, were popular coastal resorts for
the rich. The word tourism was used by 1811 and tourist by 1840. In
1936, the League of Nations defined foreign tourist as "someone travelling
abroad for at least twenty-four hours". Its successor, the United Nations,
amended this definition in 1945, by including a maximum stay of six
months.
Leisure travel
Leisure travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the United
Kingdom – the first European country to promote leisure time to the

increasing industrial population. Initially, this applied to the owners of

the machinery of production, the economic oligarchy, the factory owners
and the traders. These comprised the new middle class. Cox & Kings was
the first official travel company to be formed in 1758.
The British origin of this new industry is reflected in many place names.
In Nice, France, one of the first and best-established holiday resorts on
the French Riviera, the long esplanade along the seafront is known to
this day as the Promenade des Anglais; in many other historic resorts in
continental Europe, old, well-established palace hotels have names like
the Hotel Bristol, the Hotel Carlton or the Hotel Majestic – reflecting the
dominance of English customers.
Many leisure-oriented tourists travel to the tropics, both in the summer

and winter. Places often visited are: Cuba, the Dominican Republic,
Thailand and North Queensland in Australia and Florida in the United
States.
Winter tourism
Major ski resorts are located in the various European countries (e.g.
Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland,
Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland), Canada, the United States, Australia, New
Zealand, Japan, Korea, Chile and Argentina.
Mass tourism
Mass tourism could only have developed with the improvements in

technology, allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a short
space of time to places of leisure interest, so that greater numbers of
people began to enjoy the benefits of leisure time.

In the United States, the first great seaside resort, in the European style,
was Atlantic City, New Jersey and Long Island, New York.
In continental Europe, early resorts included: Ostend, popularized by the

people of Brussels; Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais) and Deauville
(Calvados) for the Parisians; and Heiligendamm, founded in 1797, as the
first seaside resort at the Baltic Sea.
Adjectival tourisms
Adjectival tourism refers to the numerous niche or specialty travel forms

of tourism that have emerged over the years, each with its own adjective.
Many of these have come into common use by the tourism industry and
academics. Others are emerging concepts that may or may not gain
popular usage. Examples of the more common niche tourism markets
include:
1. Culinary tourism
2. Dark tourism
3. Disaster tourism
4. Ecotourism
5. Heritage tourism
6. LGBT tourism
7. Medical tourism
8. Nautical tourism
9. Sex tourism
10.Space tourism
11.War tourism

Recent developments
There has been an upmarket trend in the tourism over the last few
decades, especially in Europe, where international travel for short breaks
is common. Tourists have higher levels of disposable income and greater
leisure time and they are also better-educated and have more
sophisticated tastes. There is now a demand for a better quality
products, which has resulted in a fragmenting of the mass market for
beach vacations; people want more specialised versions, such as Club
18-30, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted
destination hotels.
The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as

jumbo jets, low-cost airlines and more accessible airports have made
many types of tourism more affordable. There have also been changes in
lifestyle, such as retiree-age people who sustain year round tourism. This
is facilitated by internet sales of tourism products. Some sites have now
started to offer dynamic packaging, in which an inclusive price is quoted
for a tailor-made package requested by the customer upon impulse.
There have been a few setbacks in tourism, such as the September 11

attacks and terrorist threats to tourist destinations, such as in Bali and
several European cities. Also, on December 26, 2004, a tsunami, caused
by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, hit the Asian countries on the
Indian Ocean, including the Maldives. Thousands of lives were lost and
many tourists died. This, together with the vast clean-up operation in
place, has stopped or severely hampered tourism to the area.
The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this
context, travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more
purposeful journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used

pejoratively, to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations

visited by tourists.
Sustainable tourism
"Sustainable tourism is envisaged as leading to management of all

resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can
be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological
processes, and biological diversity and life support systems." (World
Tourism Organization)
Sustainable development implies "meeting the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs" (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987)
Medical tourism
When there is a significant price difference between countries for a given

medical procedure, particularly in Southeast Asia, India, Eastern Europe
and where there are different regulatory regimes, in relation to particular
medical procedures (e.g. dentistry), traveling to take advantage of the
price or regulatory differences is often referred to as "medical tourism".
Educational tourism
Educational tourism developed, because of the growing popularity of

teaching and learning of knowledge and the enhancing of technical
competency outside of the classroom environment. In educational
tourism, the main focus of the tour or leisure activity includes visiting
another country to learn about the culture, such as in Student Exchange
Programs and Study Tours, or to work and apply skills learned inside the

classroom in a different environment, such as in the International

Practicum Training Program.
Other developments
Creative tourism
Creative tourism has existed as a form of cultural tourism, since the

early beginnings of tourism itself. Its European roots date back to the
time of the Grand Tour, which saw the sons of aristocratic families
traveling for the purpose of mostly interactive, educational experiences.
More recently, creative tourism has been given its own name by Crispin
Raymond and Greg Richards, who as members of the Association for
Tourism and Leisure Education (ATLAS), have directed a number of
projects for the European Commission, including cultural and crafts
tourism, known as sustainable tourism. They have defined "creative
tourism" as tourism related to the active participation of travelers in the
culture of the host community, through interactive workshops and
informal learning experiences.
Meanwhile, the concept of creative tourism has been picked up by high-

profile organizations such as UNESCO, who through the Creative Cities
Network, have endorsed creative tourism as an engaged, authentic
experience that promotes an active understanding of the specific cultural
features of a place.
More recently, creative tourism has gained popularity as a form of

cultural tourism, drawing on active participation by travelers in the
culture of the host communities they visit. Several countries offer
examples of this type of tourism development, including the United
Kingdom, the Bahamas, Jamaica, Spain, Italy and New Zealand.

Dark tourism
One emerging area of special interest tourism has been identified by

Lennon and Foley (2000) as "dark" tourism. This type of tourism involves
visits to "dark" sites, such as battlegrounds, scenes of horrific crimes or
acts of genocide, for example: concentration camps. Dark tourism poses
severe ethical and moral dilemmas: should these sites be available for
visitation and, if so, what should the nature of the publicity involved be.
Dark tourism remains a small niche market, driven by varied
motivations, such as mourning, remembrance, macabre curiosity or even
entertainment. Its early origins are rooted in fairgrounds and medieval
fairs.
Growth
The World Tourism Organization (WTO) forecasts that international

tourism will continue growing at the average annual rate of 4 %. By 2020
Europe will remain the most popular destination, but its share will drop
from 60% in 1995 to 46%. Long-haul will grow slightly faster than
intraregional travel and by 2020 its share will increase from 18% in 1995
to 24%.
With the advent of e-commerce, tourism products have become one of

the most traded items on the internet. Tourism products and services
have been made available through intermediaries, although tourism
providers (hotels, airlines, etc.) can sell their services directly. This has
put pressure on intermediaries from both on-line and traditional shops.
It has been suggested there is a strong correlation between Tourism

expenditure per capita and the degree to which countries play in the
global context. Not only as a result of the important economic
contribution of the tourism industry, but also as an indicator of the

degree of confidence with which global citizens leverage the resources of

the globe for the benefit of their local economies. This is why any
projections of growth in tourism may serve as an indication of the
relative influence that each country will exercise in the future.
Space tourism is expected to "take off" in the first quarter of the 21st
century, although compared with traditional destinations the number of
tourists in orbit will remain low until technologies such as a space
elevator make space travel cheap.
Technological improvement is likely to make possible air-ship hotels,

based either on solar-powered airplanes or large dirigibles. Underwater
hotels, such as Hydropolis, expected to open in Dubai in 2009, will be
built. On the ocean, tourists will be welcomed by ever larger cruise ships
and perhaps floating cities.
Latest trends
As a result of the economic crisis of 2008, international arrivals suffered

a strong slowdown beginning in June 2008. Growth from 2007 to 2008
was only 3.7% during the first eight months of 2008. The Asian and
Pacific markets were affected and Europe stagnated during the boreal
summer months, while the Americas performed better, reducing their
expansion rate but keeping a 6% growth from January to August 2008.
Only the Middle East continued its rapid growth during the same period,
reaching a 17% growth as compared to the same period in 2007. This
slowdown on international tourism demand was also reflected in the air
transport industry, with a negative growth in September 2008 and a
3.3% growth in passenger traffic through September. The hotel industry
also reports a slowdown, as room occupancy continues to decline. As the
global economic situation deteriorated dramatically during September
and October as a result of the global financial crisis, growth of

international tourism is expected to slow even further for the remaining

of 2008, and this slowdown in demand growth is forecasted to continue
into 2009 as recession has already hit most of the top spender countries,
with long-haul travel expected to be the most affected by the economic
crisis. However, some travel destinations have experienced growth during
hard economic times, drawing on low costs of living, accessibility, and
friendly immigration laws permitting tourists to stay for extended periods
of time. Recession tourism, a phrase coined by Matt Landau in his
research about Panama, has evolved as an alternative escape option for
nervous crisis-goers in 2009.
Negative impacts
Tourism is the issue that nearly every city faces. It is worldwide and a
threat to beaches, famous landmarks, holy areas and also resorts.
Attracting a high volume of tourists can have negative impacts, such as
the impact of 33 million tourists a year on the city of New York, or the
potential to impact fragile environments negatively, or the impact of the
December 26, 2004 tsunami on the tourists themselves. The
environment can be affected negatively by cruise ship pollution in many
ways, including ballast water discharge, and by pollution from aircraft
Tourism in India
India attracted about 4 million foreign tourists in 2006 that spent

US$8.9 billion. The tourism industry in India generated about US$100
billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by
2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. The Ministry of Tourism is the nodal
agency for the development and promotion of Tourism in India. It
maintains the Incredible India campaign.

According to World Travel and Tourism Council, India will be the world's
leading tourism hotspot, having the highest 10-year growth potential.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007 ranked tourism in
India 6th in terms of price competitiveness and 39th in terms of safety
and security.
However, India's tourism sector currently lags behind less endowed

countries and faces serious challenges including shortage of hotel rooms.
In 2007, there were only 25,000 tourist-class hotel rooms in the whole of
India. Among other factors hindering the growth of the tourism industry
in India are stringent visa requirements and congested airports. Despite
short- and medium-term setbacks, tourism revenues are expected to
surge by 42% from 2007 to 2017.

Nature Tourism
India has geographical diversity, which resulted in varieties of nature

tourism.
• Water falls in Western Ghats including Jog falls (highest in india).

• Western Ghats
• Kerala backwaters
• Hill Stations
• Wildlife reserves
Rural Tourism in India
India is a country of rich culture and heritage. With above 70%

population residing in around 6 million plus villages, real India has its
roots right inside this simplistic structure. Rural Tourism in India takes
you to a journey of not so known – the land and people which is the back
bone of this country. It is a journey to explore diversity and hospitality
from nook and corners of India. Rural tourism attempts to take you away
to a dream land full of peace, simplicity and innocence. Connect with
nature, unlearn luxury, and spend time with people who support your
life by providing the raw inputs for complex city life needs. From
agriculture to sericulture, they do it all. What you explore during these
tours is a unique experience and an eye opener to the basics of a
developing economy in the country. You not only get to see rural life
closely, but also get a chance to connect and open avenues for rural
India by interacting with people closely.
India has a growing medical tourism sector. The 2010 Commonwealth

Games in Delhi are expected to significantly boost tourism in India.
Government Initiatives

According to the Tourism Secretary, Mr Sujit Banerjee, the government is

offering attractive packages to foreign tourists and has organised road
shows in major markets such as the UK, Canada, Australia, Singapore
and Malaysia.
• The ministry is offering free air ticket for companion, travel to

additional places and extended stay at hotels.
• Now, foreign medical tourists will be offered one additional
treatment for free. Apollo, Manipal, Moolchand, Fortis and
Wockhardt among others have forwarded their proposals for the
same.
• The government has also taken a number of steps to minimise the
impact of the slowdown. This year has been designated as the
‘Visit India’ year. The ministry has increased financial support to
tour operators for promoting India in international exhibitions. To
involve more operators, the ministry has doubled the upper ceiling
of foreign exchange earnings of applicant companies to US$ 4.05
million under the market development assistance scheme.
• All issues including uniform state-level tax structure, luxury tax
and free-movement of inter-state tourist vehicles are being
reviewed by the empowered committee of state finance ministers.
• To strengthen the Indian tourism sector ahead of the
Commonwealth Games in 2010 and to double foreign tourist
arrivals from 5.37 million in 2008 to 10 million by 2010, the
ministry is taking measures such as rationalising taxes, increased
focus on infrastructure and easy visas.
India's tourism revenue up
Tourism has been an important segment of the Indian economy

contributing substantially to its foreign exchange earnings. The foreign

exchange earnings during 2003 was Rs. 17,049 a significant amount for
country exchequer.
During first two months of 2004 the amount was about Rs. 3912 crore,
an increase of 29% over the corresponding period of last year.
Tourism by state
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh has a rich cultural heritage and a variety of tourist

attractions. The state of Andhra Pradesh comprises scenic hills, forests,
beaches and temples. Andhra Pradesh is the home of many religious
pilgrimage centers, one of them being 'Tirupati,' the abode of Lord
Venkateswara, which is the richest and most visited Hindu temple in
India. Hyderabad is known for its rich history, culture and architecture
representing its unique character as a meeting point for North and South
India, and also its multilingual culture, both geographically and
culturally.
Also known as The City of Nizams and The City of Pearls, Hyderabad is
today one of the most developed cities in the country and a modern hub
of information technology, ITES, and biotechnology. Hyderabad offers
many attractions to the tourists. It is famous for its delicious Hyderabadi
Biryani. It is India's second largest metropolitan.
Andhra Pradesh is the home of many religious pilgrim centers. Tirupati,

the abode of Lord Venkateswara, is the richest and most visited religious
center (of any faith) in the world. Srisailam, the abode of Sri
Mallikarjuna, is one of twelve Jyothirlingalu in India, Amaravati's Siva

temple is one of the Pancharamams, and Yadagirigutta, the abode of an

avatara of Vishnu, Sri Lakshmi Narasimha. The Ramappa temple and
Thousand Pillars temple in Warangal are famous for some fine temple
carvings. The state has numerous Buddhist centers at Amaravati,
Nagarjuna Konda, Bhattiprolu, Ghantasala, Nelakondapalli, Dhulikatta,
Bavikonda, Thotlakonda, Shalihundam, Pavuralakonda, Sankaram,
Phanigiri and Kolanpaka.
The golden beaches at Visakhapatnam, the one-million-year old

limestone caves at Borra, picturesque Araku Valley, hill resorts of
Horsley Hills, river Godavari racing through a narrow gorge at Papi
Kondalu, waterfalls at Ettipotala, Kuntala and rich bio-diversity at
Talakona, are some of the natural attractions of the state. Kailashagiri is
situated adjacent to sea in Visakhapatnam, it is one of the beautiful
sight which shows the entire beauty of Visakhapatnam having other side
sea. A beautiful park is developed on the hill top of Kailashagiri, the city
boasts of having a park on hill top that has a luxurious toy train,
ropeway and beautiful view of beach front into which Eastern Ghats
merge into the sea. Further, Visakhapatnam is home to many tourist
attractions like INS Karasura Submarine museum (The only one of its
kind in India), the most beautiful and the longest Beach Road in India,
Yarada Beach, Araku Valley (Known as poorman's Ooty , a lot of movies
are shooted here), VUDA Park, Indira Gandhi Zoological Gardens,etc.
The weather in Andhra Pradesh is mostly tropical and the best time to
visit is in November through to January. The monsoon season
commences in June and ends in September, so travel would not be
advisable during this period.
Places to visit:

• Hyderabad: The capital of AP, it is a melting pot of various

cultures, known for its historical monuments as well as modern
marvels. The places to visit are-Charminar, Mecca Masjid,
Salarjung Museum, Hussain Sagar, Lumbini Park, Snow world,
Ramoji Film city, Water world, Hitech city, Golconda, Paigah
tombs, Falaknuma palace.
• Visakhapatnam: Undoubtedly the most beautiful city on the east

coast, it boasts of natural and man-made beauties. It is fast
emerging as the country's best tourist and party destination. The
places to visit are- Kailashagiri, R.K.Beach, Rushikonda beach,
Simhachalam temple, Vizag-Bhimili Beach Road, Bojjannakonda,
Thatlakonda, Appikonda Beach, Yarada Beach, Bhimili Beach,
Gangavaram Beach, Borra Caves, Araku valley, Tenneti Beach
Park, Ross hill church, Dolphin's nose mountain, Submarine
Museum, Aquarium, Indira Gandhi Zoological Gardens, Duduma
waterfalls and Red sand hills.

• Tirupati: India's most famous and richest temple. Lord

Venkateshwara temple, Tirumala, Deer Sanctuary, Horsley Hills,
Sri Kalahasti Temple, Lepakshi.
• Vijayawada: Commercial hub of AP. Places to visit are-
Kanakadurga Temple, Gandhi hill, Prakasham Barrage, Krishna
River bank, Mangalagiri Temple.
Assam
Assam is the central state in the North-East Region of India and serves
as the gateway to the rest of the Seven Sister States. Assam boasts of
famous wildlife preserves – the Kaziranga National Park and the Manas
National Park, largest river island Majuli and tea-estates dating back to
time of British Raj. The weather is mostly sub-tropical. Assam
experiences the Indian monsoon and has one of the highest forest
densities in India. The winter months (October to April) are the best time
to visit.

It has a rich cultural heritage going back to the Ahom Dynasty which
governed the region for many centuries before the British occupation.
Other notable features include the Brahmaputra River, the mystery of
the bird suicides in Jatinga, numerous temples including Kamakhya of
Tantric sect, ruins of palaces, etc.
Bihar
Bihar is one of the oldest inhabited places in the world with history of
3000 years. The rich culture and heritage of Bihar is evident from the
innumerable ancient monuments that are dotted all over the state in
eastern India. Bihar is home of many tourist attractions. Bihar is visited
by scores of tourists from all over the World all the year round. Around
total 6,000,000 (6 million) tourist visits Bihar every year.

In the earliest day, tourism in region was purely based Educational

tourism as Bihar was home of some prominent ancient universities like
Nalanda University & Vikramaśīla University
Bihar one of the most sacred place of various religions like Hinduism,
Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism & Islam, Many tourist travel to Bihar to
visit their pilgrimage.
Mahabodhi Temple, a Buddhist shrine and UNESCO World Heritage Site

is also situated in Bihar. Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna, is one of the
longest bridges in the world.
Delhi
Delhi is the capital of India. A fine blend of old and new, ancient and
modern in every stream of life is the soul of Delhi. A melting pot of
cultures, religions and castes makes Delhi a diverse place. Delhi has
been the capital of India from the mythological days. The rulers left
behind their trade marks in the architecture. Delhi currently has many
renowned monuments and landmarks such as the Tughlaqabad fort and
the Qutub Minar, the Jama Masjid and the Bahá'í Lotus temple, the
Humayun's tomb and the Red Fort, and India Gate and the Magnificent
President's house (Rashtrapati Bhavan). Delhi is famous for its wide
roads and crisp winters.

One of the few places in India where colours of nature changes with the
seasons. From Kerala to Kashmir and from Gujarat to Assam all the
mouth watering delicacies and shopping goods are found in Delhi. The
cosmopolitan nature of the city has only added to the beauty and glory of
it. Big gardens, wide roads, ancient structures, and power of politics is
what Delhi is all about. Delhi is popularly known for its monuments.
Most of them which are built by the Mughal Emperors.

Goa
The state of Goa is situated on the West Coast of India, between the
borders of Maharashtra and Karnataka and is better known to the world
as the former Portuguese enclave on Indian soil. With the rule of the
Portuguese for over 450 years and the consequential influence of the
Latin culture, Goa presents a somewhat different picture to the foreign
visitor than any other part of India. The state of Goa is famous for its
excellent beaches, churches, and Hindu temples. The Bom Jesus
cathedral, Mangueshi Temple and Shantadurga are famous attractions
in Goa. Recently a Wax Museum (Wax World) has also opened in Old Goa
housing a number of wax personalities of Indian history, culture and
heritage.
Himachal Pradesh
Home to the some of the most popular Hill Stations, and home also to
some exquisite alpine & Trans-Himalayan destinations, the Indian state
of Himachal Pradesh is a major product in the Indian tourism market.
Himachal is famous for its sweet apples.

Among the major crowd pullers in Himachal Pradesh are: Shimla, the
state's capital Manali, Dharamshala, Dalhousie and Kasauli.
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu is noted for its landscape, ancient temples, Hindu shrines,

castles, gardens and forts. Hindu holy shrines of Amarnath and Vaishno
Devi attracts tens of thousands of Hindu devotees every year. Jammu's
natural landscape has made it one of the most popular destinations for
adventure tourism in south Asia. Jammu's historic monuments feature a
unique blend of Islamic and Hindu architecture styles.

Tourism forms an integral part of the Kashmiri economy. Often dubbed

"Paradise on Earth", Kashmir's mountainous landscape has attracted
tourists for centuries. Notable places are Dal Lake, Srinagar Phalagam,
Gulmarg, Yeusmarg and Mughal Gardens etc. However, the tourism
industry is severely affected by the insurgency.
In recent years, ladakh has emerged as a major hub for adventure

tourism. This part of Greater Himalaya interpreted as "moon on earth"
comprising of naked peaks and deep gorges was once known for the silk
route to High Asia with the sub continent.
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu or "the land of Tamil" is a beautiful state nestled in the

southern Indian peninsula, on the shores of the Bay of Bengal and the
deep blue Indian Ocean. Many great rulers including the Cholas,
Pallavas, Pandyas and the Vijayanagara Empire ruled over parts of Tamil
Nadu. The state is known for its cultural heritage and temple

architecture. Tamil literature is amongst the oldest in India. Much of the

ancient culture of Tamil Nadu is still alive. We have Carnatic music, an
Indian classical tradition. Bharatha Natyam is its twin dance form,
always accompanied by this music and the rich tradition of folk music
continues to inspire people.
Karnataka
Karnataka, the eighth largest state in India, is a veritable treasure trove
of tourist delights. By virtue of its varied geography and long and rich
history, Karnataka boasts of numerous spots of interest for tourists.
Karnataka has been ranked as fourth most popular destination for
tourism among states of India. With its 507 out of the 3600 centrally
protected monuments, Karnataka has the second highest number of
protected monuments in India, next only to Uttar Pradesh.
The Kannada dynasties like Kadamba, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta,
Vijayanagara Empire, Hoysala, Ganga, Ratta and many more they ruled
Karnataka particularly North Karnataka and other parts of India. They
built great monuments related to Buddhism, Jainism, and Shaivism. The
monuments are still present at Badami, Aihole, Pattadakal, Hampi,
Lakshmeshwar, Sudi, Hooli, Mahadeva Temple (Itagi), Dambal,
Lakkundi, Gadag, Hangal, Halasi, Galaganatha, Chaudayyadanapura,
Banavasi, Belur, Halebidu, Shravanabelagola, Sannati and many more.

The great Islamic monuments are present at Bijapur, Bidar, Gulbarga,

Raichur and other part of the state.
Karnataka is famous for its waterfalls. Jog falls of Shimoga District is

one of the highest waterfalls in Asia. This state has 21 wildlife
sanctuaries and five National parks and is home to more than 500
species of birds.
Karnataka is a rock climbers paradise. Yana in Uttara Kannada, Fort in

Chitradurga, Ramnagara near Bangalore district, Shivagange in Tumkur
district and tekal in Kolar district are a rock climbers heaven.
Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur has the second largest pre-modern dome in the
world after the Byzantine Hagia Sophia.
Karnataka has two World heritage sites, at Hampi and Pattadakal, both
are in North Karnataka.
Karnataka has many beaches at Karwar, Gokarna, Murdeshwara,

Surathkal and many more
Kerala
Kerala is a state on the tropical Malabar Coast of southwestern India.

Nicknamed as one of the "10 paradises of the world" by the National

Geographic traveller, Kerala is famous especially for its ecotourism

initiatives. Its unique culture and traditions, coupled with its varied
demography, has made it one of the most popular tourist destinations in
India. Growing at a rate of 13.31%, the tourism industry significantly
contributes to the state's economy. The Kerala Tourism Development
Corporation, the government agency that oversees the tourism prospects
of the state, has adopted the brand "God's Own Country" for its
campaigns. The slogan holds global Superbrand status.[citation needed] Kerala
is gifted with 42 rivers running as the life stream of the culture. This
state has a variety of land scapes which can attract the tourists such as
coastal regions,backwaters,Nilgiri mountaing on one side,malabar
highlands,and so on.
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is called the "Heart of India" only because of its location
in the centre of the country. It has been home to the cultural heritage of
Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism and Islam. Innumerable
monuments, exquisitely carved temples, stupas, forts and palaces are
dotted all over the State. Madhya Pradesh is also known as Tiger State
because of tiger population in MP (Madhya Pradesh). Many Famous
national parks like Kanha, Banthavgadh and Pench are located in MP.
The natural beauty of Madhya Pradesh is equally varied. Consisting
largely of a plateau, the State has everything. Spectacular mountain
ranges, meandering rivers and miles and miles of dense forests offering a
unique and exciting panorama of wildlife in sylvan surroundings.

Maharashtra
Unlike most other states in India, Maharashtra boasts of a large number

of popular and revered religious venues that are heavily frequented by
locals as well as out-of-state visitors. It also boasts of the City of Mumbai
with its Bollywood fame, ancient cave temples at Ajanta and Ellora, the
Tuljabhavani temple at Tuljapur, the Mahalakshmi temple in Kolhapur,
the city of Pune the seat of the Maratha empire, the fantastic Ganesh
chaturthi celebrations and much more.
Orissa
Orissa has been a preferred destination from ancient days for people who
have an interest in spirituality, religion, culture, art and natural beauty.
Ancient and medieval architecture, pristine sea beaches, the classical
and ethnic dance forms and a variety of festivals. Orissa has kept the
religion of Buddhism alive. Rock-edicts that have challenged time stand
huge and over-powering by the banks of the river Daya. The torch of
Buddhism is still ablaze in the sublime triangle at Udayagiri and
Khandagiri Caves, on the banks of river Birupa. Precious fragments of a
glorious past come alive in the shape of stupas, rock-cut caves, rock-
edicts, excavated monasteries, viharas, chaityas and sacred relics in

caskets and the Rock-edicts of Ashoka. Orissa is also famous for its well-
preserved Hindu Temples, especially the Konark Sun Temple. Orissa is
the home for various tribal communities who have contributed uniquely
to the multicultural and multilingual character of the state. Their
handicrafts, different dance forms, jungle products and their unique life
style blended with their healing practices have got world wide attention.
Punjab is one of India's most beautiful states. The state of Punjab is

renowned for its cuisine, culture and history. Punjab has a vast public
transportation and communication network. Some of the main cities in
Punjab are Amritsar, Chandigarh, and Ludhiana. Punjab also has a rich
religious history incorporating Sikhism and Hinduism. Tourism in
Punjab is principally suited for the tourists interested in culture, ancient
civilization, spirituality and epic history. Some of the villages in Punjab
are also a must see for the person who wants to see the true Punjab,
with their beautiful traditional Indian homes, farms and temples, this is
a must see for any visitor that goes to Punjab.
Rajasthan
Rajasthan, literally meaning "Land of the Kings", is one of the most

attractive tourist destinations in Northern India. The vast sand dunes of
the Thar Desert attract millions of tourists from around the globe every
year.
Sikkim
Originally known as Suk-Heem, which in the local language means

"peaceful home", Sikkim was an independent kingdom till the year 1974,
when it became a part of the Republic Of India. The capital of Sikkim is
Gangtok, located approximately 185 kilometers from New Jalpaiguri, the
nearest railway station to Sikkim. Although, an airport is under

construction at Dekiling in East Sikkim, the nearest airport to Sikkim

would be Bagdogra. Sikkim is considered as the land of Orchids and
mystic cultures and colorful traditions. Sikkim is well known among
trekkers and adventure lovers, as West Sikkim has a lot to give them.
Places near Sikkim include Darjeeling also known as the Queen of hills
and Kalimpong. Darjeeling, other than its world famous "Darjeeling tea"
is also famous for its refined "Prep schools" founded during the British
Raj. Kalimpong is also famous for its Flora cultivation and is home to
many internationally known Nurseries.
Uttaranchal
Uttaranchal is the 27th state of the Republic of India. Blessed with

magnificent glaciers, majestic snow-clad mountains, gigantic and
ecstatic peaks, valley of flowers, skiing slopes and dense forests, this
Abode of Gods includes many shrines and places of pilgrimage. Char-
dhams, the four most sacred and revered Hindu temples: Badrinath,
Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri are nestled in the Mighty
Himalayas. Haridwar which means Gateway to God is the only place on
the plains.
A picturesque state, with a breathtaking panoramic view of Himalayas,

Uttarakhand promises its tourists a visit full of fun and unforgettable
moments. It contains the most fascinating and beautiful part of the
Himalayas and provide watershed for Gangetic River System spanning
300Km from Satluj in the west to Kali river in the east. Nanda Devi
(25640 Ft) is the second highest peak in India after Kanchenjunga
(28160 Ft). Dunagiri, Neelkanth, Chukhamba, Panchachuli, Trisul are
other peaks above 23000 Ft. It is considered abode of Devtas,
Yakashyas, Kinners, Fairies and Sages. They all are present here on

glittering peaks, roaring rivers, beautiful hills slopes and valleys in one or
another form.
It boasts of some old hill-stations developed during British era like

Mussoorie, Almora and Nainital.
Uttar Pradesh
Situated in the northern part of India, Uttar Pradesh is important with
its wealth of monuments and religious fervour. Geographically, Uttar
Pradesh is very diverse, with Himalayan foothills in the extreme north,
the Gangetic Plain in the centre, and the Vindhya Mountain Range
towards the South. It is also home of India's most visited site, the Taj
Mahal, and Hinduism's holiest city, Varanasi. The most populous state of
the Indian Union also has a rich cultural heritage, and at the heart of
North India, Uttar Pradesh has much to offer.
Places of interest include Varanasi, Agra, Mathura, Jhansi, Prayag,

Sarnath, Ayodhya, Dudhwa National Park and Fatehpur Sikri.
West Bengal
Kolkata, one of the many cities in the state of West Bengal has been
nicknamed the City of Palaces. This comes from the numerous palatial
mansions built all over the city. Unlike many north Indian cities, whose
construction stresses minimalism, the layout of much of the
architectural variety in Kolkata owes its origins to European styles and
tastes imported by the British and, to a much lesser extent, the
Portuguese and French. The buildings were designed and inspired by the
tastes of the English gentleman around and the aspiring Bengali Babu
(literally, a nouveau riche Bengali who aspired to cultivation of English
etiquette, manners and custom, as such practices were favourable to
monetary gains from the British). Today, many of these structures are in

various stages of decay. Some of the major buildings of this period are
well maintained and several buildings have been declared as heritage
structures.
Historic monuments
The Taj Mahal is one of India's best-known sites and one of the best
architectural achievements in India. Located in Agra, it was built
between 1631 and 1653 by Emperor Shah Jahan in honor of his wife,
Arjumand Banu, more popularly known as Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj
Mahal serves as her tomb.
The Golden Temple is one of the most respected temples in India and
the most sacred place for Sikhs. The Golden Temple is located in
Amritsar, Punjab, India.
The Bahá'í temple in Delhi, was completed in 1986 and serves as the
Mother Temple of the Indian Subcontinent. It has won numerous
architectural awards and been featured in hundreds of newspaper and
magazine articles. (It is also known as the Lotus Temple.)
The Victoria Terminus in Mumbai was built by the British and is a

UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Taj Mahal Palace is an icon of Mumbai.
Wildlife in India
India is home to several well known large mammals including the Asian
Elephant, Bengal Tiger, Asiatic Lion, Leopard and Indian Rhinoceros,
often engrained culturally and religiously often being associated with
deities. Other well known large Indian mammals include ungulates such
as the domestic Asian Water buffalo, wild Asian Water buffalo, Nilgai,

Gaur and several species of deer and antelope. Some members of the dog
family such as the Indian Wolf, Bengal Fox, Golden Jackal and the Dhole
or Wild Dogs are also widely distributed. It is also home to the Striped
Hyaena, Macaques, Langurs and Mongoose species. India also has a
large variety of protected wildlife. The country's protected wilderness
consists of 75 National parks of India and 421 Sanctuaries, of which 19
fall under the purview of Project Tiger. Its climatic and geographic
diversity makes it the home of over 350 mammals and 1200 bird species,
many of which are unique to the subcontinent.
Some well known national wildlife sanctuaries include Bharatpur,

Corbett, Kanha, Kaziranga, Periyar, Ranthambore and Sariska. The
world's largest mangrove forest Sundarbans is located in southern West
Bengal. The Sundarbans is UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Hill stations
Main article: List of Indian hill stations
Several hill stations served as summer capitals of Indian provinces,

princely states, or, in the case of Shimla, of British India itself. Since
Indian Independence, the role of these hill stations as summer capitals
has largely ended, but many hill stations remain popular summer
resorts. Most famous hill stations are:
• Araku, Andhra Pradesh

• Gulmarg, Srinagar and Laddakh in Jammu and Kashmir
• Darjeeling in West Bengal
• Munnar in Kerala
• Ooty and Kodaikanal in Tamil Nadu
• Shillong in Meghalaya
• Shimla, Kullu in Himachal Pradesh

• Nainital in Uttaranchal
• Gangtok in Sikkim
• mussoorie in uttarkhand which is the queen amongst all of them
Chapter – 2

Uttar Pradesh
Introduction
Uttar Pradesh , translation: Northern Province), [often referred to as

U.P.] is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of
over 190 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the
world's most populous sub-national entity.
With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,286 km²), Uttar Pradesh covers a large

part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It
shares an international border with Nepal and is bounded by the states
of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar. The administrative and
legislative capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow and the financial and
industrial capital is Kanpur. The state's high court is based at Allahabad.
It is home to many historical cities like Agra and Varanasi.
The area now known collquially and officially as UP has undergone

several different definitions and demarcations since the early 19th
century. In 1833 the then Bengal Presidency was divided into two parts,
one of wihich became Presidency of Agra. In 1836 the Agra area was
named North-Western Provinces and placed under a Lieutenant
Governor. In 1877 the two provinces of Agra and Oudh were placed
under one administrator, who was called Lieutenant Governor of the
North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioner of Oudh. In 1902 the

name was changed to United Provinces of Agra and Oudh with

Lieutenant Governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh as
administrator, in 1921 Lieutenant Governorship was elivated to
Governorship when once again province was renamed as United
Provinces of British India. In 1935 the name was shortened to United
Provinces. On independence in 1947, the staes of Rampur, Banares and
Tehri-Garwal were merged into the United Provinces. In 1950 the name
of United Provinces was changed to Uttar Pradesh. In 1999 sperate state
of Uttaranchal(now Uttarakhand) was carved out of Uttar Pradesh.
History
Legend and ancient periods
The known history of Uttar Pradesh goes back 4000 years, when the
Aryans first made it their home in 2000 BC. This heralded the Vedic age
of the Indian civilization and Uttar Pradesh was its home. The Aryans,
who settled in the Doab region and the Ghagra plains, called it with
various names: Madhya Desha (midland) or Aryavarta (the Aryan land) or
Bharatvarsha (the kingdom of Bharat, an important Aryan king). In the
ages to come, Aryans spread to other parts of the Indian subcontinent,
reaching as far south as Kerala and Sri Lanka.
The ancient Mahajanapada era kingdom of Kosala in Ayodhya - where,

according to Hindu legend, the divine king Rama of the Ramayana epic
reigned - was located here. Krishna - another divine king of Hindu
legend, who plays a key role in the Mahabharata epic and is revered as
the eighth reincarnation (Avatara) of Hindu god Vishnu - was born in the
city of Mathura. The aftermath of the Mahabharata war is believed to
have taken place in the area between the present Uttar Pradesh and
Delhi, during the reign of the Pandava king Yudhishtira, in what was

Kuru Mahajanapada. The revered Swaminarayan - mentioned in the

Brahma Purana and Vishwaksena Samhita as the manifestation of God -
was born in the village of Chhapaiya.
Most of the empire building invasions of North India, from the east as
well as the west, passed through the vast swathe of Gangetic plains of
what is today Uttar Pradesh. Control over this region was of vital
importance to the power and stability of all of India's major empires,
including the Mauryan (320-200 BC), Kushan (100-250 AD) and Gupta
(350-600 AD) empires. After the Guptas, the Ganga-Yamuna Doab saw
the rise of Kannauj. During the reign of Harshavardhana, the Kannauj
empire was at its zenith: it covered an area extending from Afghanistan
and Kashmir in the west to Bengal in the east and up to the Vindhyas in
the south, with its capital at Kannauj. Even today many communities in
various parts of India] - from Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Bihar to
Bengal - boast of being descendants of migrants from Kannauj, reflecting
its glory in the past.[citation needed].
The state is also important to Buddhism since its early days. The
Chaukhandi Stupa marks the spot where Buddha met his first disciples.
The Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath commemorates Buddha's first sermon.
Also the town of Kushinagar is where Gautama Buddha died.
Medieval
Causing the fall of post-Harshavardhana Rajput kings of north India

came the Turko-Afghan Muslim rulers and what we call Uttar Pradesh
today once again became the catalyst for things to come; much of the
state formed part of the various Indo-Islamic empires (Sultanates) after
1000 AD and was ruled from their capital, Delhi. Later, in Mughal times,
U.P. became the heart-land of their vast empire; they called the place

'Hindustan', which is used to this day as the name for India in several
languages.
Agra and Fatehpur Sikri were the capital cities of Akbar, the great
Mughal Emperor of India. At their zenith, the Mughal empire covered
almost the entire Indian subcontinent (including present day
Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh), which was ruled at different
times from Delhi, Agra and Allahabad. But, when the empire
disintegrated, their last territory remained confined to the Doab region of
Hindustan and Delhi.
Other areas of Hindustan (U.P.) were now ruled by different rulers: Oudh
was ruled by the Nawabs of Oudh, Rohilkhand by Afghans, Bundelkhand
by the Marathas and Benaras by its own king, while Nepal controlled
Kumaon-Garhwal as a part of Greater Nepal. The state's capital city of
Lucknow was established by the Muslim Nawabs of Oudh in the 18th
century.
Modern-colonial
Starting from Bengal in the later half of the 18th century, a series of
battles for North Indian lands finally gave the British East India
Company accession over this state's territories, including the last Mughal
territory of Doab and Delhi, also Bundelkhand, Kumaon and Benaras
divisions. Ajmer and Jaipur were also included in this northern territory
and they called it the North-Western Provinces (of Agra). Today, the
area may seem big compared to several of the Republic of India's present
'mini-states' - no more than the size of earlier 'divisions' of the British era
- but at the time it was one of the smallest British provinces. Its capital
shifted twice between Agra and Allahabad.

Mangal Pandey is widely seen as the starting point to what came to be

known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857. After its failure and turmoil
settled, the British made a major revamp, in desperation: they truncated
the Delhi region from NWFP of Agra and merged it with Punjab, while the
Ajmer- Merwar region was merged with Rajputana. At the same time,
they included Oudh into the state. The new state was called the 'North
Western Provinces of Agra and Oudh', which in 1902 was renamed as the
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It was commonly referred to as the
United Provinces or its acronym UP.
In 1920, the capital of the province was shifted from Allahabad to

Lucknow. The high court continued to be at Allahabad, but a bench was
established at Lucknow. Allahabad continues to be an important
administrative base of today's Uttar Pradesh and has several
administrative headquarters.
The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was formed at the Lucknow session of
the Indian National Congress on April 11, 1936 with the legendary
nationalist Swami Sahajanand Saraswati elected as its first President, in
order to mobilise peasant grievances against the zamindari attacks on
their occupancy rights, and thus sparking the Farmers' movement in
India.
Uttar Pradesh continued to be central to Indian culture and politics and

was especially important in modern Indian history as a hotbed of both
the Indian Independence Movement and the Pakistan Movement.
Post Independence
After independence, the state was renamed Uttar Pradesh ("northern

province") by its first chief minister, Govind Ballabh Pant. Pant was
known and close to Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and was also

popular in the Congress Party; he established such a good reputation in

Lucknow that Nehru called him to Delhi, the capital and seat of Central
Government of the country, to make him Home Minister of India in
December 27, 1954. He was succeeded by Dr. Sampoornanand, a
university professor and classicist Sanskrit scholar, who was chief
minister till 1957, before becoming governor of Rajasthan.
Sucheta Kripalani served as India's first woman chief minister from

October 1963 until March 1967, when a two-month long strike by state
employees caused her to step down.After her Chandra Bhanu Gupta
assumed the office of Chief Minister with Laxmi Raman Acharya as
Finance Minister, but the government lasted for only two years due to
the confusion and chaos which ended only with the defection of Charan
Singh from the Congress with a small set of legislators; he set up a party
called the Jana Congress, which formed the first non-Congress
government in U.P. and ruled for over a year.
Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna was chief minister for Congress Party

government for part of the 1970s. He was dismissed by the Central
Government headed by Indira Gandhi, along with several other non-
Congress chief ministers, shortly after the imposition of the Emergency,
when Narain Dutt Tewari - later chief minister of Uttarakhand - became
chief minister. The Congress Party lost heavily in 1977 elections,
following the lifting of the Emergency, but romped back to power in
1980, when Mrs. Gandhi handpicked the man who would later become
her son's principle opposition, V.P. Singh, to become Chief Minister.
On Nov 09, 2000, the Himalyan portion of the state, comprising the
Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a
new state called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.

Education
The region of Uttar Pradesh had a long tradition of learning, although it

had remained mostly confined to the elite class and the religious
establishment. Sanskrit-based education comprising the learning of
Vedic-to-Gupta periods, coupled with the later Pali corpus of knowledge
and a vast store of ancient-to-medieval learning in Persian/Arabic
languages, had formed the edifice of Hindu-Buddhist-Muslim education,
till the rise of British power.
Aligarh Muslim University is a Residential Academic Institution. It was

established in 1875 by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and in 1920 it was granted
a status of Central University by an Act of Indian Parliament. It is located
in the city of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Modelled on the University of
Cambridge, it was among the first institutions of higher learning set up
during the British Raj. Originally it was Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental
College, which was founded by a great Muslim social reformer Sir Syed
Ahmed Khan.
The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (known as IIT Kanpur or IITK)

is one of the Indian Institutes of Technology, set up in the then-
industrial city of Kanpur in 1960. IIT Kanpur has grown into one of the
top technological institutes in India[citation needed], primarily focused
on research in engineering and science, and the teaching of
undergraduates
Economy
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state economy in India after

Maharashtra, contributing 8.17% to India's total GDP. Between 1999
and 2008, the economy grew only 4.4% per year, one of the lowest rates
in India.

The major economic activity in the state is agriculture and, in 1991, 73%
of the population in the state was engaged in agriculture and 46% of the
state income was accounted for by agriculture. UP has retained its
preeminent position in the country as a food-surplus state.
The largest shoe-manufacturing centre in the country is Kanpur. Uttar

Pradesh is home to largest number of Small Scale units in the country,
with 12% of over 2.3 million units.
• Labour efficiency is higher in UP (26) than the National Average

(25).
• The state is one of the top tourist destinations in India, with more
than 71 million domestic tourists (in 2003) and almost 25% of the
All-India foreign tourists visiting Uttar Pradesh.
• Agra was visited by more than 8 million domestic and 825,000
foreign tourists in 2006, followed by Varanasi, Lucknow,
Allahabad, Vrindaban and Mathura
• Lucknow and NOIDA are among the top IT destinations of the
country.
• Meerut is regularly listed among the top tax-paying cities in the
country
Tourism
Uttar Pradesh attracts a large number of visitors both national and

international. There are two regions in the state where a majority of the
tourists go:
• The city of Agra, which gives access to three World Heritage Sites:
Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri.
o Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built by Mughal Emperor Shah
Jahan in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is

cited as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the

universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."
o Agra Fort is about 2.5 km northwest of its much more
famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be
more accurately described as a walled palatial city.
o Fatehpur Sikri was the world famous 16th century capital
city near Agra, built by the Mughal emperor Akbar the Great,
whose mausoleum in Agra is also worth a visit.
• The holiest of the holy cities of Hindus on the banks of sacred
rivers Ganga and the Yamuna: Varanasi (also considered world's
oldest city), Ayodhya (birth place of Lord Rama), Mathura (birth
place of Lord Krishna) and Allahabad (the confluence or 'holy-
sangam' of the sacred Ganga-Yamuna rivers).
In Agra itself, Dayal Bagh is a temple built in modern times that many
visit. It is still under construction and would take an estimated one
century for completion. Its life-like carvings in marble are unique in
India. Agra's dubious modern attractions include Asia's largest Spa as
well as Asia's first and only 6D theatre.
Every year, thousands gather at Allahabad to take part in the festival

held on the banks of the Ganges, the Magh Mela. The same festival is
organised on a larger scale every 12th year and is called the Kumbha
Mela, where over 10 million Hindu pilgrims congregate—the largest
gathering of human beings in the world.
Varanasi is widely considered to be one of the oldest cities in the world. It

is famous for its ghats (bathing steps along the river), that remain
bustling year round with devotees from all over India and beyond, who
want to take a holy dip in the sacred Ganges River.

From Varanasi are the historically important towns of Sarnath and

Kushinagar. Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath after his
enlightenment and Kushinagar is where Gautama Buddha died; hence
both are important pilgrimage site for Buddhists. Also at Sarnath are the
Pillars of Ashoka and the Lion Capital of Ashoka, both important
archaeological artifacts with national significance. From Varanasi, a
distance of 80 km Ghazipur is famous for Ganga Ghats and Lord
Kornwalis Tomb maintained by Archeological Survey of India.
Dudhwa National Park is one of the best tiger reserves in the country.
Lakhimpur Kheri is a must see location - home to the Tiger Reserve - and
another sanctuary, Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, the most
concentrated sanctuary in India, with a large population of tigers, as well
as leopards, situated in Bahraich and bordering Nepal is also worth a
visit.
Some areas require a special permit for non-Indians to visit.
Tourism and Hospitality
Last Updated: April 2009
India offers myriad exciting experiences to tourists. Tourism industry in

India is being utilised as a powerful tool to facilitate international
understanding and enable building of broader cultural horizons. According
to the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009 brought out by World
Economic Forum, India is ranked 11th in the Asia-Pacific region and 62nd
overall in a list of 133 assessed countries in 2008, up three places since
2007. In terms of travel, India stands 9th in the index of relative cost of
access (ticket taxes and airport charges) to international air transport

services, having almost the lowest costs in the world.
Also according to the report, India has been rated well for its natural
resources (ranked 14th) and cultural resources (24th), with many World
Heritage sites, both natural and cultural, rich fauna, and strong creative
industries in the country. India also has quite a good air transport network
(ranked 37th), particularly given the country’s stage of development, and a
reasonable ground transport infrastructure (ranked 49th). India is ranked
7th in terms of number of World Heritage cultural sites, according to a
UNESCO report (2008).
India is ranked 1st with regard to tourism fair attendance. Also, according to
the International Congress and Convention Association, India is rated 33rd
in terms of number of international fairs and exhibitions held in the country
annually (average for 2006-07).
The World Travel and Tourism Report for 2009 for 180 countries worldwide
also ranks the Indian Travel and Tourism economy 14th in absolute size
worldwide, 144th in relative contribution to national economies and 5th in
long-term (10-year) growth. The contribution of travel and tourism to gross
domestic product (GDP) is expected to be at 6.0 per cent (US$ 67.3 billion) in
2009 rising to US$ 187.3 billion by 2019.

Chapter – 3

CONCLUSION
The outlay for tourism development was Rs.8 crore in the third
plan Rs.186.46 crores in the sixth plan and Rs.326.16 crores in the
seventh plan. It was during the sixth plan that a tourism policy was
formulated and presented before the parliament. The sixth plan is an
objective envisages optimum use of infrastructure, regionalizing tourist
traffic and increase in accommodation and so on. However, the plan
turned out to be a very mere blue print for action for tourist
development.
The seventh plan (1985-1990) set a target of 1.5-million tourist arrival by
1990 and 3 million by 2000 AD. It also recommended according industry
status to tourism in order to encourage private sector investment in
tourism.
It was also recommended that public sector would focus on basic
infrastructure development, and the private sector would be in
encouraged to develop tourism. For the first time domestic tourism was
sought to be encouraged for promoting social and cultural cohesion and

employment generation. The national committee on tourism presented a
comprehensive report in 1988,which provided the basis of a long-term
perspective plan for tourism in the country.
The committee set a growth rate of 7% per annual for international
tourists. Arrivals by 2000 AD. Recommendations also included the
following:
1. Set a tourism finance cooperation to extend financial assistance for
tourism project.
2. Developments of select tourist destination and circuits diversification
of tourism arrival of cultural destination to the leisure and holiday
tourist.
3. Markets, exploration and development of new tourism generating
center.
4. Increase the hotel accommodation by cent percent by stimulation
investment through appropriate package of incentives.
The committees major recommendation expects that of setting up a
national tourism board wherein accepted. In April 1989, the tourism
finance cooperation of India was set up. A working group of the state
tourism secretaries in July 1985 identify incentives for the industry.
About 14 states and 3 union territories have declared tourism as an
industry however, despite the efforts during the seventh plan for
diversification of tourists for cultural destinations to the leisure and
holiday destination, India still remains as a cultural destination. Budget

outlays where diverted towards facilitating trekking development of
beach resorts, building shopping plazas, wildlife tourism, facilities for
conference is skiing etc. It is reported that the profile of the average
overseas and domestic traveler is changing. In the current plan period as
well one of the principal thrust areas would be modification of the Indian
tourism product by adding the concept of India.
As an adventure and leisure tourism destination to the present cultural
tag. Trekking, winter and water sports wild life and health tourism will
remain as the major thrust areas in the forth-coming area.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
- www.google.com
-www.wikipedia.org
-www.altavista.com
-www.yahoo.com

India Tourisum Project

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

India Tourisum Project

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

“A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH”

SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Under the guidance and supervision of

“Submitted to the SIDVIN School of Business & Institute of

“Post Graduate Programme in Management”

PRAKASH KUMAR RAI

SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 1

SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

This is to certify that the project work entitled

“A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH”

“PRAKASH KUMAR RAI”

has been completed and submitted in partial fulfillment for award of

Post Graduate Programme in Management of SIDVIN School of

Business & Institute of Technology during the academic year 2008-

of any Degree or Diploma.

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 2

This is to certify that the project work entitled

“A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH”

“ PRAKASH KUMAR RAI ”

Has been completed and submitted under my guidance in partial

fulfillment for award of Post Graduate Programme in Management of

the SIDVIN School of Business & Institute of Technology during the

academic Year 2008-2010.

of any Degree or Diploma.

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 3

I declare that this project titled A STUDY ON TURISUM IN UTTAR

PRADESH completed in the academic year 2008-2010 is my own and I

partial fulfillment for award of Post Graduate Programme in

Management of SIDVIN School of Business & Institute of

for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

“PRAKASH KUMAR RAI”

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 4

I am extremely grateful to Mr. Ashok Anand , Director of Sidvin ,

I am very much thankful to my faculty guide Mrs. SRILATHA , for

I am highly thankful and express my gratitude to my friend

With sincere regards,

“PRAKASH KUMAR RAI”

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 5

Chapter Topic Name Page

Chapter - 2 Uttar Pradesh 50

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 6

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 7

Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The

Despite the uncertainties in the global economy, international tourist

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 8

service industries include transportation services, such as airlines,

The United Nations classified three forms of tourism in 1994, in its

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 9

accepted in Korea. Intrabound tourism differs from domestic tourism in

Recently, the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of

Domestic and International Tourism

Usually, a distention is drawn between domestic or internal and

foreign of international tourism. In domestic tourism people travel

like language, currency and documentation are not in the domestic

tourism. But in India, since difference estates have different languages,

ones own language may not serve a medium of communication. Domestic

tourism has no balance of payment implications.

When people travel to a country other that which they normally

live in is known as international tourism, the distinction between

domestic and international tourism is now diminishing. The reasons

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 10