ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

FORM 5
MODULE 11

PERMUTATIONS
AND
COMBINATIONS

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 11.0 Concept Map

Multiplication
Rules

The order of the The order of the

objects in the chosen objects in the chosen
set is taken into set is ____ taken
consideration into consideration

Permutation Combination
s s

If event A occurs in r
ways and event B occurs
in s ways The number of combination
The number of way is r of r objects taken from n
xs different objects given

The number of
permutation of n different
objects is n! where
n! = n( n-1)( n-2)……

The number of permutations

of objects taken from n
different object is given by

Permutations
11.1 A. PERMUTATIONS
11.1a Exercise A.1
1. Given the words PLACES. Find

a. The number of ways of arranging all the c. The number of ways arranging all the
alphabets in the given word. alphabets in the given word so that the
Example Solution: first alphabet is a vowel
6! = 6.5.4.3.2.1
= 720

b. The number of ways of arranging four of d. Find the number of these

the alphabets in the given word so that last arrangements in which the letters E and A
alphabet is S are side by side.
Example Solution:
The way to arrange alphabet S = 1
The way to arrange another 3 alphabets= 5 P 3

The number of arrangement = 1 x 5 P 3 = 60

2. How many four- digit numbers can be formed without repetitions from the digits 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, and 7 if that number.
a) are even number c) Consist of digit 5

b) are odd number d) more than 4000

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11.2 B. COMBINATIONS
11.2a Exercise B.1
1. How many ways to choose 5 books 2. In how many ways can committee of 3
from 20 different books men and 3 women be chosen from a group
Example solution: of 7 men and 6 women ?
Example Solution:
The number of ways= 20
C5 The numbers of ways = 7 C 3 x 6 C 3
= 15504 = 700

2. A set of 20 students is made up of 10 students from each of two different year groups.
Five students are to be selected from the set, and the order of selection is unimportant.
Find
a. the total number of possible selections.
b. the number of selection in which there are at least two student from each of the two
years- groups.

11.3 PAST YEAR SPM QUESTION

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2003,Paper 1
1.Diagram below shows 5 letter and 3 digits.

A B C D E 6 7 8

A code is to be formed using those letters and digits. The code must consist of 3 letters
followed by 2 digits. How many codes can be formed if no letter or digit is repeated in
each code ? [ 3 marks]

2. A badminton team consist of 7 students. The team will be chosen from a group of 8
boys and 5 girls. Find the number of team that can be formed such that each team consists
of
i. 4 boys
ii. Not more than 2 girl [ 4 marks]

2004,Paper 1
3. Diagram below five cards of different letters.

H E B A T

i. Find the number of possible arrangements, in a row , of all the cards.

ii. Find the number of these arrangements in which the letters E and A are
side by side . [ 4 marks]

2005,Paper 1
4. A debating team consists of 5 students. These 5 students are chosen from 4 monitors, 2
assistant monitors and 6 prefects. Calculate the number of different ways the team can be
formed if
i. There is no restriction
ii. The team contains only monitor and exactly 3 prefects [4 marks]
11.4 ASSESMENT

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1. Find the number of the arrangement of all nine letters of word SELECTION in which
i. The two letters E are next to each other
ii. The two letters E are not next to each other
Solution:

2. Four girls and three boys are to be seated in a row. Calculate the number of possible
arrangements
i. if all the three boys have to be seated together
ii. a boy has to be seated at the centre
Solution:

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3. Calculate the number of four digit even number can be formed from the digits 3, 4, 5,
6 and 9 without repetitions.
Solution:

4. Three alphabets are chosen from the word WALID. Find the number of possible
choice if
i. The alphabet A is chosen
ii. The alphabet A and D is chosen
Solution:

5. A bowling team consists of 8 person. The team will be chosen from a group of 7 boys
and 6 girls. Find the number of team that can be formed such that each team consists of
i. 3 boys
ii. Not more than 1 girl
Solution:

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ANSWER
Exercise A.1

1. c) 240 d) 240

2. a) 120 b) 240 c) 240 d) 180

Exercise B.1

2. a) 15504 b) 10800

Problem solving
1. i) 40320 ii) 141120
2. i) 720 ii) 2160
3. 72
4. i) 6 ii) 3
5 i) 210 ii) 6

Past year question

1. 360
2. i) 700 ii) 708
3. i) 120 ii) 48
4. i) 792 ii) 160