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OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION 2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE 2.2. SHEAR & TORSION 2.3. DESIGN FOR ANCHORAGE 2.4. STAAD PRO INPUT PARAMETERS 2.5. STAD DESIGN OUTPUT FOR BEAMS 2.6. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR BEAMS
OUTLINE
3. COLUMN DESIGN
3.1. COLUMN INTERACTION DIAGRAM 3.2. STAAD DESIGN BRIEF FOR COLUMNS 3.3. STAAD DESIGN OUTPUT FOR COLUMNS 3.4 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMNS
I. INTRODUCTION
Analysis part is always followed by the design part. The design of members is based on the critical member forces
I. INTRODUCTION
What are the critical member forces use for design? ANALYSIS RESULTS based on loads and load combinations
Vertical loads = dead and live loads Seismic loads = static or dynamic loads P-delta effects Horizontal torsional moments Orthogonal effects Load combinations
I. INTRODUCTION
P F
L
V=F
SECONDARY MOMENT
P
uy
M =(FL)+(P) R=P
I. INTRODUCTION
Story height, hi
Vi story shear
2.
P need not be considered when the ratio of the secondary moment to primary moment is less than 10% P need not be considered when the story drift ratio does not exceed 0.02/R
Fz
L
Fx
B
0.05B
Fx
B
0.3Fx
L
0.3Fy
B
Fy
L
I. INTRODUCTION
note that the initial proportioning of beam and column sizes is part of the design and may not be the final dimension. design is a series of iteration and resizing, then reanalysis, then redesign.
I. INTRODUCTION
Design is an iteration process: 1. Initial sizing of beams and columns. 2. Analysis for stresses. 3. Design of steel reinforcements. if design is inadequate, repeat step 1, 2, and 3. 4. If design is adequate, adopt sizes and reinforcements. 5. Apply seismic detailing
I. INTRODUCTION
All concrete design calculation is governed by the current ACI 318 code. Unified (strength) design method is adopted by the current code. The working stress design (WSD) is deleted from the ACI 318 code STAAD Pro does not employ the WSD for reinforced concrete design.
I. INTRODUCTION
SPECIAL MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES (SMRF) are the type of frames, instead of ORDINARY MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES (OMRF), are required for high seismic risk areas, such as the Philippines. Therefore, the NSCP requires that all buildings in the Philippines must be designed to effectively resist high seismic forces.
I. INTRODUCTION
At the moment, STAAD Pro has NO provision for automatic seismic detailing in reinforced concrete design.
2. BEAM DESIGN
FLEXURE SHEAR TORSION
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE The main (longitudinal) reinforcement is calculated for midspan (sagging) and support (hogging) bending moments on the basis of the section profile in the design brief (ie. PRISMATIC ZD, YD).
2. BEAM DESIGN
CRITICAL HOGGING MOMENT CRITICAL HOGGING MOMENT
ZONE 1
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE The STAAD Pro does not have any limit of any bars in any one layer as long as the spacing requirements specified in the code are satisfied. The program can handle a maximum of four layers of reinforcement, two layers each at the top and bottom.
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE The actual amount of steel required as well as the maximum and minimum required for flexure is shown as ROW, ROWMX AND ROWMIN, respectively. It is important to note that the beams are designed for flexural MZ only. The moment My is not considered in the design.
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.1. FLEXURE
MY Top bars (max of 2 layers) MZ
y b
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION
COLUMN ELEMENT LINE STEEL REINFORCEMENTS
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION When required, torsional reinforcement in the form of closed stirrups or hoop reinforcement must be provided.
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION In addition to the stirrups, longitudinal steel bars are provided in corners of the stirrups and are well distributed around the section
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.2. SHEAR & TORSION In the ACI Code, the design for torsion is based on space truss analogy. After torsional cracking occurs, the torque is resisted by closed stirrups, longitudinal bars, and concrete compression diagonals.
2. BEAM DESIGN
2.3. DESIGN FOR ANCHORAGE In STAAD output for flexural design, the anchorage requirement is shown with a YES or NO at the START and END of the beam. The designer must provide the details of anchorage.
2. BEAM DESIGN
Hook if anchor is YES at START and/or END node Exterior Column face
D 4db or 2.5 min 4db 5db 6db
db bar diameter
db bar diameter
12db
Ldh- development length Critical section (eg. Interior column face) 10mm to 20mm (D=6db) 28mm, 32mm, 36mm (D=8db) 43mm, 57mm (D=10db)
Default Value
* 60,000 psi (414 MPa) * 60,000 psi (414 MPa) * 4,000 psi (28 MPa) *1.5 inch (37.5 mm) *1.5 inch (37.5 mm) *1.5 inch (37.5 mm) #4 (12mm) #4 (12mm) #18 (57 mm)
Description
Yield Stress for main reinforcing steel Yield Stress for Secondary Steel Compressive Strength of Concrete Clear cover for top reinforcement Clear cover for bottom reinforcement Clear cover for side reinforcement Min main reinforcement bar size Min secondary reinforcement bar size Max main reinforcement bar size
TRACK
0.0
In STAAD Pro V8i (SELECT Series 1), three versions of the ACI Code are implemented: 1999, 2002, and 2005 To access any of the code editions, specify the commands START CONCRETE DESIGN CODE ACI 1999 (for 1999) or CODE ACI 2002 (for 2002) or CODE ACI (for 2005)
B E A M N O. 97 D E S I G N R E S U L T S - SHEAR AT START SUPPORT - Vu= 68.16 KNS Vc= 81.19 KNS Vs= 9.70 KNS Tu= 0.34 KN-MET Tc= 2.9 KN-MET Ts= 0.0 KN-MET LOAD 4 NO STIRRUPS ARE REQUIRED FOR TORSION. REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR SHEAR. PROVIDE 10 MM 2-LEGGED STIRRUPS AT 178. MM C/C FOR 2158. MM ADDITIONAL LONGITUDINAL STEEL REQD. FOR TORSIONAL RESISTANCE = 0.00 SQ.CM.
AT END SUPPORT - Vu= 70.66 KNS Vc= 81.19 KNS Vs= 13.03 KNS Tu= 0.34 KN-MET Tc= 2.9 KN-MET Ts= 0.0 KN-MET LOAD 4 NO STIRRUPS ARE REQUIRED FOR TORSION. REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR SHEAR. PROVIDE 10 MM 2-LEGGED STIRRUPS AT 178. MM C/C FOR 2158. MM ADDITIONAL LONGITUDINAL STEEL REQD. FOR TORSIONAL RESISTANCE = 0.00 SQ.CM.
At this point the design output of STAAD Pro is compliant to ACI Code 318-08 or the NSCP 2010, EXCEPT FOR THE SEISMIC DETAILING requirements.
MnL-
MnR-
2h
2h
2h
2h
hoops
hoops
hoops
Physical representation
1484 342 4-20mm 14 hoops @10mm@ 178 o.c. 54 802 1102 5-12mm 4-20mm 400 14 hoops of 10mm@ 178 o.c. 1692
5000
50mm max
2-20 mm 5-12mm
400
2-12mm
b
5000
Hoop spacing is smallest of : d/4 ; 8db ; 24 hoop db ; 300mm and STAAD Pro
50mm max
400
2-12mm 2-20mm
b
5000
Hoop spacing is smallest of : d/4 ; 8db ; 24 hoop db ; 300mm and STAAD Pro
3. COLUMN DESIGN
Column design in STAAD per the ACI code is performed for axial force, uniaxial and biaxial moments. The loading which produces the largest amount of reinforcement is called the critical load.
3. COLUMN DESIGN
Column design is done for square, rectangular and circular sections. For rectangular and circular sections, reinforcement is always assumed to be equally distributed on all faces. This means that the total number of bars will always be a multiple of four (4).
Column design inside the STAAD program 1. The Bresler Load Contour method is adopted by STAAD Pro for columns under axial force, uniaxial and biaxial moments. 2. The program will iterate a steel ratio from 1% to a maximum of 8% for a given column dimension. 3. When the adequate steel ratio is arrived at, the iteration terminates and adopts the steel ratio and then a steel area is computed.
Column design inside the STAAD program 4. Otherwise, if the section is inadequate, the report prompts that the size needs to be increased. 5. Seismic provision is absent in STAAD Pro. Thus the output must be checked and adjusted accordingly.
The STAAD allows up to a maximum of 8%. Therefore, should the design be adequate with a steel ratio more than 6%, the section size shall be increased in order to satisfy a steel ratio of less than or equal to 6%.
Mnbleft
Mnbright
Mncbot
(Mnctop + Mncbot) (6/5) (Mnbtop + Mnbbot) sum of column moment capacity must be 20% higher than the sum of the beam moment capacity
300mm
300mm
300mm
450mm
bx
b/4
hx b hx
s
100+ (350- hx) 3 where 100mm < s <150mm
hx
hx
hx
s
100+ (350- hx) where 100<S<150 3
Note: without seismic provisions, the hoops spacing are: a) 16Ldb b) 48 hdb c) minimum column thickness
650
450
125
150
500
8-40mm
424
BEAM / GIRDER
SAMPLE EXERCISE
50mm max
Mnctop
800mm S=80mm
300
Mnpos
4-20mm 400 2-20mm
Mnneg STAAD Hoops without seismic detailing: 16Lb = 16 (20) = 120 48Tb = 48 (10) = 480 Dcol = 300 Mncbot
300 300 8-20mm
Beam moment capacities: Mnneg = 116 kN-m Mnpos = 58 kN-m (6/5) x (Mn++Mn-)= 208.8 kN-m Column moment capacities: Mnctop=Mncbot = 63 kN-m Mnctop + Mncbot = 126 kN-m
Column is inadequate for strong column - weak beam requirements. Therefore, increase capacity of column
300MM X 300MM WITH 12-20MM BARS : Mnctop +Mncbot = 162 kN-m, not ok
375MM X 375MM WITH 12-20MM BARS : Mnctop +Mncbot = 219 kN-m >208.8 , thus ok
COLUMN DETAIL
sr
Clear height, lu
smax =
sr
COLUMN DETAIL
STIRRUPS SPACING from the joints at length lo = greater of a) b or h = 375mm b) 450mm c) 1/6 of lu =1/6 (2850)=475mm so that, lo = 475mm
6 Ldb 150 mm.
sr
smax =
sr
COLUMN DETAIL
STIRRUPS SPACING from the joints at length lo = greater of a) b or h = 375mm b) 450mm c) 1/6 of lu =1/6 (2850)=475mm so that, lo = 450mm
6 Ldb 150 mm.
sr
lo = 475mm
lu = 2850mm
smax =
sr
lo = 475mm
COLUMN DETAIL
sr
lo = 475mm
sr
lo = 475mm
COLUMN DETAIL
lo = 475mm
sr =94mm
lo = 475mm
1) s= b/4 = 375/4 = 94mm 2) s = 100+(350-104)/3 = 182 , 100<s<150 3) s= 150mm sr= 94mm sr= 94mm
6 Ldb 150 mm.
COLUMN DETAIL
lo = 475mm
sr =94mm
lu = 2850mm
smax =
lo = 475mm
sr= 94mm
COLUMN DETAIL
lo = 475mm
sr =94mm
lo = 475mm
Where: S spacing of stirrups hc column core dimension measured from center-to-center of confinng stirrups Ag gross area of section Ach area of column core fc` - compressive strength of concrete fyt yield strength of stirrups Ash total area of number of legs in one direction
Using 10mm stirrups with 4 legs in one direction: At = 4(78.54) = 314.16 sq.mm. Ok since greater than 304.004 sq.mm
Using 12mm stirrups with 4 legs in one direction: At = 4(113) = 452 sq.mm. Ok since greater than 388.09 sq.mm
Use 3 sets of 12mm hoops for whole length of column for practical installation
JOINT DETAIL
50mm max 800mm S=80mm rest @ 178mm 300 4-20mm 400 2-20mm Lo = 450 sr= 94mm of 12mm hoops
Lo = 450
375
DESIGN GUIDELINES
1. Check design seismic design requirements.
DESIGN GUIDELINES
2. STAAD Pro output does not, as of yet, have provisions for seismic detailing requirement. Therefore, the output should not be used as the final detail without modification when designing for SMRF.
DESIGN GUIDELINES
3. The seismic detailing should start first on the beam: supports and midspan requirements must be satisfied before going to the columns.
DESIGN GUIDELINES
4. Satisfy strong column weak beam requirement.
DESIGN GUIDELINES
5. Finally, once the seismic requirements are satisfied, then and only then the detailed drawings are carried out.