13.

Differentiation of Algebraic Functions

Solutions

x2 Differentiate both sides with respect to x,

1. (a) y =
x −3 3
dy dy
2 3x 2 + 2 x + 2 y + 2 y =0
dy ( x 3 − 3)2 x − x 2 (3 x ) dx dx
=
dx ( x 3 − 3) 2 dy
(2 x + 2 y ) = −(3 x 2 + 2 y )
2 x 4 − 6 x − 3x 4 dx
=
( x 3 − 3) 2 dy 3x 2 + 2 y
=−
x( x 3 + 6) dx 2x + 2 y
=−
( x 3 − 3) 2 dy 3(1) 2 + 2(1)
=−
dx (1,1) 2(1) + 2(1)
(b) y = (3x − 1)(3 x − 2) 5
=−
dy 1 4
= [(3 x − 1)3 +
dx 2 (3 x − 1)(3 x − 2)
(3 x − 2)3] 2x2 5
5. xy + =
9(2 x − 1) y 2
= 1 1
Differentiate both sides with respect to x,
2(3 x − 1) 2 (3x − 2) 2
dy
y ( 4 x) − 2 x 2
1  dy  dx = 0
 x + y +
( x − 1)( x − 2) 2 xy  dx  y2
2. y=
x−3 x dy y 4 x 2 x 2 dy
+ + − 2 =0
dy 1 x−3 2 xy dx 2 xy y y dx
= •

dx 2 ( x − 1)( x − 2)
put x = 1 and y = 4 .
( x − 3)(2 x − 3)( x − 1)( x − 2) 1 dy 4 4 1 2(1) 2 dy •

( x − 3) 2 + + − 2 =0
2 1 4 dx (1, 4 ) 2 1 4
• 4 4 dx
•
(1, 4 )
x − 6x + 7
2

= 1 dy
1 1 3
= −2
2( x − 1) 2 ( x − 2) 2 ( x − 3) 2 8 dx (1, 4 )

dy
= − 16
3. y = x k (3x + 2) 2 dx (1, 4 )

dy
= kx k −1 (3x + 2) 2 + x k 2(3 x + 2) 3 • •

dx
= kx k −1 (3x + 2) 2 + 6 x k (3x + 2)
dy
= 10
dx x =1

∴ k (5) 2 + 6(5) = 10
25k = −20
4
k =−
5

4. x 3 + 2 xy + y 2 = 4

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