Professional Documents
Culture Documents
QUESTIONSHEET 1
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What apparatus could the scientist have used to measure the amount of sodium hydroxide needed?
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
He also tested some ethanoic acid solution. Ethanoic acid is the acid which is found in vinegar.
His results are shown below.
30
ethanoic acid
10
e.c
vinegar
50
10
ctiv
volume used/cm3
volume of NaOH needed
to neutralise/cm3
The ethanoic acid solution contained 10 g of acid in every 100 cm3 of solution.
(b) (i)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Work out how many grams of ethanoic acid are in 50 cm3 of the vinegar.
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(iii) What must you assume is kept constant to allow you to work out the answer to (ii) ?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
A label on the bottle of vinegar states that it contains 8 g of ethanoic acid in 100 cm3 of vinegar.
(c)
Using your answer to (b)(ii) work out whether the answer on the bottle is correct.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 2
copper
nickel
zinc
Use the observations from above to complete the following reactivity series.
e.c
(a)
magnesium
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Small pieces of the metals copper, magnesium, nickel and zinc were placed in test tubes containing small
quantities of hydrochloric acid. The following results were observed.
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2. ..............................................................................................................................................................................
3. ..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b) (i)
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4. .........................................................................................................................................................least reactive
[2]
What is the name of the gas produced in the above reactions?
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe the test and result you would use to identify this gas.
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
The reaction between the metals and the hydrochloric acid also produces a chemical compound
known as a salt.
(i)
What is the name of the salt formed in the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What type of bonding is present in this salt?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) This salt is a solid at room temperature. Explain why a salt has a high melting and boiling point.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(a)
The metal sodium burns in limited oxygen with a bright yellow flame to form sodium oxide.
(i)
Write a word equation for the reaction between sodium and oxygen.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the formula of sodium oxide?
2(A sodium ion is Na+ and an oxide ion is O )
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Predict whether sodium oxide is a solid, liquid or gas at room temperature.
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Sodium oxide dissolves readily in water. What colour would the resulting solution turn pH paper?
(b)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Sulphur dioxide is produced when coal is burnt and is responsible for the formation of acid rain.
(i)
Complete the following equation and put in the missing state symbol.
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[2]
(ii) Acid rain is a weak acid. Predict what pH it would have if it was tested with pH paper.
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Write down two problems which acid rain can cause.
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1. ..........................................................................................................................................................................
2............................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 4
The following experiment was carried out using concentrated ammonia solution and concentrated hydrochloric acid.
white smoke
forms here
Ammonia contains the elements hydrogen and nitrogen and has the chemical formula NH3.
(i)
e.c
(a)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(ii) Use the Periodic Table to draw a 'dot and cross' diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of
ammonia. You need only show the electrons in the outer energy level.
[2]
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b)
The ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases meet and react to form the ring of white smoke which is
shown in the diagram.
(i)
Explain, in terms of the particles of the gases, why the gases meet.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain why the ring of white smoke forms nearer to the concentrated hydrochloric acid.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What is the name of the chemical formed when ammonia and hydrogen chloride react?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
The diagram below shows an experiment to measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and
sulphuric acid.
gas syringe
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Calcium
calcium
carbonate
carbonate
sulphuric acid
The reaction between calcium carbonate and sulphuric acid produces a chemical compound called a
salt, a gas and water.
(i)
e.c
(a)
The gas produced can be identified using limewater. Name the gas and the result of this test.
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(b)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The experiment was repeated with exactly the same volume of sulphuric acid and the same mass of
calcium carbonate. This time the calcium carbonate used was a powder.
What happens to the rate of the reaction?
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(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Use the idea of particles to explain your answer to (b) (i).
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
The experiment was repeated but with magnesium metal instead of calcium carbonate and a different salt
and a different gas were produced.
(i)
What gas is produced in the reaction between magnesium and sulphuric acid?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe the test you would use to identify this gas and the result that you would obtain.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Write down one use in industry of this gas.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 6
The table below shows the colours of various indicators at different pH values.
indicator
bromophenol blue
phenolphthalein
methyl orange
thymol blue
colour 1
yellow
colourless
red
yellow
pH
3
8
3
6
colour 2
blue
pink
yellow
blue
pH
4.5
10
4.5
7.5
Complete the table below to show colours of the indicators in the solutions.
colour
[4]
Name one indicator which turns the same colour in both ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide
ma
(b) (i)
solution
hydrochloric acid
ethanoic acid
ammonia solution
sodium hydroxide
e.c
indicator
bromophenol blue
phenolphthalein
methyl orange
thymol blue
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(a)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Which two indicators turn the same colour in hydrochloric acid?
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 7
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(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Less calcium oxide than slaked lime is needed to treat the same garden.
Why would the gardener prefer to use slaked lime?
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(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) (i)
Write an equation for the reaction of slaked lime with nitric acid.
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) How much slaked lime is needed to neutralise 63 g of nitric acid? (Ar: H=1; N=14; O=16 Ca=40)
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TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 8
Sulphur dioxide reacts with chlorine, in the presence of water, to produce a mixture of hydrochloric and
sulphuric acids.
(a)
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(b)
[2]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
The concentration of a solution can be expressed in grams per cubic decimetre (g/dm3).
To calculate this you must divide the amount of substance dissolved (g) by the volume of the solution (dm3).
A
B
ma
Which of the following has the greater concentration? Show your working.
10 g of potassium hydroxide in 2 dm3 of solution.
50 g of potassium hydroxide in 5 dm3 of solution
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(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 9
The pH of chemicals found around the home may be tested using pH paper. Some typical results are
shown below.
pH
lemon juice
10
11
12
13
14
oven cleaner
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(a)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Vinegar was also tested using pH paper and found to have a pH of 4.1. What colour did the pH
paper become?
ma
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(i)
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When a wasp stings someone its injects a liquid in the person's skin. An old fashioned remedy for wasp
stings is to rub vinegar on them.
Suggest the pH of the liquid which wasps inject into the skin.
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(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What name is given to the reaction which happens between this liquid and the vinegar?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Name the colourless, tasteless liquid that is produced in this reaction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 10
Some people suffer from acid indigestion when their stomach produces excess stomach acid. The label
on a household brand of indigestion tablets says that it contains magnesium carbonate.
(a)
Magnesium carbonate is insoluble in water. When mixed with water, what colour would it turn
pH paper?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The instructions on the packet suggest that 1 or 2 tablets are chewed as required.
(i)
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(b)
What name is given to the reaction which happens between the excess acid and the indigestion tablet?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explain why the instructions suggest that the tablets are chewed when taken.
e.c
(ii)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
The acid present in the stomach is called hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid, HCl, reacts with
magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, to produce magnesium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
(i)
ma
(c)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(ii)
[2]
(iii)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Use these relative atomic masses: C = 12; O = 16; Mg = 24
to calculate the relative formula mass of magnesium carbonate.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 11
om
ammonia solution
ammonium
hydroxide
nitric acid
e.c
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(ii) What is the name of the reaction when the acid reacts with the alkali?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What is the pH when just enough ammonia solution is added to react with all the nitric acid?
(b) (i)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What is the ion which is present in any solution of acid?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(iii) Write the simplest ionic equation which represents the above reaction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
The following label is found on the bottle containing the nitric acid.
(i)
What does the label tell you about the nitric acid?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest two precautions which should be taken when using the nitric acid in the experiment.
1. ..................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
2. ..................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 12
H2SO4
HNO3
CH3COOH
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
om
(ii) Write down the name of the ion present in solutions of all the acids.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Below are the chemical formulae of four alkalis.
NaOH
(i)
KOH
Mg(OH)2
NH4OH
e.c
(b)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write down the name of the ion present in solutions of all the alkalis.
(c)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
A solution of sulphuric acid can be used to neutralise a solution of sodium hydroxide.
What is the pH of the solution when it is exactly neutral?
he
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(ii) What is the name of the salt formed in the neutralisation reaction?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Balance the following symbol equation for the reaction.
H2SO4 (aq) + ____ NaOH (aq) Na2SO4 (aq) + ____ H2O (l)
(d)
[2]
When nitric acid neutralises ammonium hydroxide the salt formed is called ammonium nitrate.
Give one important use of ammonium nitrate.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 13
Many power stations in the UK burn coal to produce electricity. Coal is a fossil fuel.
Describe how the coal is formed.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
Fossil fuels, such as coal, contain sulphur as an impurity. When the coal is burnt the sulphur is oxidised.
Explain what is meant by the term 'oxidised'.
e.c
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the name of the gas formed when the sulphur is oxidised?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Write a symbol equation for what happens when this gas reacts with rain water.
ma
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(d)
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 14
pH in water
1
7
4
8
14
no reaction
(a)
e.c
Use the table to write the letter of the chemical substance which:
om
chemical
A
B
C
D
E
F
(b)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
forms a neutral solution.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
forms a solution which turns pH paper orange.
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(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
is a metal .
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(d)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
is a carbonate.
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(e)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f)
is water.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g)
is sulphur dioxide.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 15
Antacid tablets are used to treat indigestion, which is caused by excess acid in the stomach.
Details of four solids, which are used to neutralise stomach acid, are shown in the table below.
Name of solid
magnesium carbonate
Formula
CaCO3
Mg(OH) 2
Al(OH) 3
magnesium hydroxide
aluminium hydroxide
(b)
Complete the equation for the reaction of magnesium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.
Mg(OH) 2 + 2HCl
+ H2O
[1]
An experiment was carried out to find out how much acid was needed to neutralise one gram of
each of the solids. The solid was put into a flask with water and an indicator, then acid was added.
Describe how you would find out the exact amount of acid needed.
ctiv
(i)
e.c
(c)
[3]
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(a)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Why is it important to use the same concentration of acid each time?
Another way to compare the solids is to find out how much solid is needed to neutralise 20 cm3 of acid.
The results are shown below.
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(d)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Solid
Magnesium carbonate
CaCO3
Magnesium hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 15 CONTINUED
(ii) Use all the information given to choose the best antacid.
Give a reason for your answer
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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e.c
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 16
James spilt some acid on the floor. He looked at the possibility of treating it with one of four chemicals. Their
properties are summarised in the table.
(a) (i)
pH
13.0
8.5
8.0
1.0
om
substance
A
B
C
D
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(ii) Which other substance would you advise him to avoid? (Give a reason)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) What type of substance is B?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Sodium chloride is probably the best known salt. It is used in the food industry, spread on roads in
winter and used to make a range of other chemicals.
State two uses of sodium chloride in the food industry.
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(i)
ma
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Name two other chemicals made from sodium chloride.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Why is sodium chloride spread on winter roads?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 17
Nettles, bees and ants sting by injecting acid into your skin.
Wasp stings are alkaline.
(a)
How could you test to prove that the liquid from an ant is acid?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Vinegar is used to treat a wasp sting and ammonia to treat a bee sting.
Explain why this works and what it tells you about vinegar and ammonia.
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(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
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ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(c)
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 18
ctiv
(a)
pH of soil
6.6
7.3
5.5
e.c
field
A
B
C
om
Plant
beans
potato
onion
leek
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b)
For each field list the crops which would grow best in it.
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(c)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 19
For each of the methods above, give the correct chemical name of two substances which could be mixed
to make magnesium sulphate.
e.c
(b)
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ma
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
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w.c
(c)
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 20
[1]
(ii)
[1]
(iii)
[1]
(iv)
[1]
(v)
(vi)
e.c
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(i)
[1]
[1]
[1]
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w.c
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ma
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(viii) Safety spectacles must be used when handling acids or alkalis, because they are ________.
[1]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
(a)
Oxygen and sulphur are in the same group of the periodic table.
Complete the table below to show the arrangement of electrons in oxygen and sulphur atoms.
shell 1
shell 2
shell 3
[2]
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Atom
oxygen
sulphur
ctiv
e.c
[2]
(ii) Use your diagram to describe two ways in which oxygen can achieve a full outside shell of electrons.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Some of the oxygen in the atmosphere is in the form of ozone, O3. Scientists believe that chlorine
radicals are destroying ozone.
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w.c
(c)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(i) What is the difference between a chlorine radical and a chlorine molecule?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) What substances are thought to be main sources of chlorine radicals in the atmosphere?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 2
(a)
om
80000
60000
40000
e.c
20000
8
10
11
(i)
ctiv
Number of electrons
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Why do the energies for electrons 2 to 9 go up by relatively small amounts?
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Why are the last two energies very high?
(b)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Draw a sketch graph to show the energies needed to remove the first four electrons in aluminium.
Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(a) (i)
40
20
Ca .
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Use the numbers to state the number of protons, neutrons and electrons found in
Ca
electrons
[3]
ion
H+
protons
127
53
79
34
Se 2
he
Fe 3+
electrons
ma
Be 2 +
56
26
neutrons
ctiv
1
1
9
4
e.c
Complete the table below to show the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons found in the ions
shown.
[8]
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w.c
(b)
neutrons
om
protons
40
20
TOTAL / 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 4
Ne and
22
10
Ne
om
(a)
20
10
[3]
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) How do the chemical properties of each isotope of neon compare with each other?
Explain your answer.
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
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TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(a) (i)
om
How many protons would there be if the unknown substance was a neutral atom?
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What would the diagram represent if it was a neutral atom?
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b)(i) How many protons would there be if the substance was a 2+ ion?
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What would the diagram represent if it was a 2+ ion?
(c) (i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
In what group of the periodic table would the unknown substance be if the represented a 1+ ion?
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) How many neutrons would the 1+ ion have if its relative atomic mass was 39?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) (i)
In what group of the periodic table would the unknown substance be if it represented a 1- ion?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What would the relative atomic mass of the 1- ion be if it had 20 neutrons?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 6
(b)
28
13
number of electrons
13
om
24
13
number of neutrons
15
13
[2]
e.c
(a)
28
13
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(c)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
In experiments, both isotopes were found to show the same chemical behaviour.
Use the information in the table to explain why the chemical behaviour of both isotopes is the same.
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(d)
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w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
A naturally occurring sample was found to contain 25% of X-24 and 75% of X-28.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of the element X.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(e)
TOTAL / 9
High Demand Questions
QUESTIONSHEET 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
e.c
om
The diagrams below represent the electronic arrangement of different atoms and ions.
ctiv
(a)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Which letter represents an atom which is not in the second period of the Periodic Table?
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(d)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
(f)
Which two letters represent atoms which form an ionic compound with a formula similar to Na2S?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g)
Which two letters represent atoms which form a molecule with a formula similar to SiCl4?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 7
High Demand Questions
QUESTIONSHEET 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(a)
Use the Periodic Table to write down the electronic arrangement of:
(i) calcium
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) chlorine
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
If calcium is heated and put into a gas jar of chlorine a violent reaction takes place and solid calcium
chloride is formed. The reaction proceeds due to the transfer of electrons.
Use the electron arrangements and the idea of electron transfer to explain how the reaction between
atoms of calcium and chlorine takes place.
(You may include a diagram in your answer)
ctiv
e.c
(i)
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(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(ii)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [4]
Write down the formulae of the ions that calcium and chlorine form during the reaction.
(iii)
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w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Write down the formula of calcium chloride.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Calcium chloride is a solid at room temperature and has a high melting point.
Explain why calcium chloride has a high melting point.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 11
Medium Demand Questions
QUESTIONSHEET 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
e.c
om
Carbon atoms
(a)
What is the name given the type of bond in which electrons are shared?
Diamond is one of the hardest substances known to man and is used on the edges of glass cutting tools.
Explain why the structure of diamond makes it so hard.
ma
(b) (i)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
he
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
TOTAL / 7
Medium Demand Questions
QUESTIONSHEET 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
om
Various parts of the helicopter below are made out of metal, because metals are strong and malleable.
Describe, with the aid of a diagram, the metallic bonding present in metals.
ctiv
e.c
(a)
ma
(b)
[4]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) they are malleable
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
As the blades of the helicopter rotate, heat produced in the joints is conducted away along the blades.
Explain how metals conduct heat.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
The properties of some of the metals used in the helicopter have been altered by mixing them with other
metals. What name is given to this type of mixture?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
Medium Demand Questions
QUESTIONSHEET 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(i)
sodium
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) chlorine
sodium
e.c
(b)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
(ii) chlorine
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
(d)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Solid sodium chloride will not conduct electricity, but when dissolved in water it will.
Explain why an aqueous solution of sodium chloride conducts electricity.
he
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) In what other way could you alter the state of sodium chloride so that it will conduct electricity?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
A hot piece of sodium was placed in a jar of helium. No reaction took place.
(i)
Write the name of the group of the periodic table to which helium belongs.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why helium is unreactive.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
Medium Demand Questions
QUESTIONSHEET 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
The following table shows some of the ions found in natural waters.
ion
Mg2+
Na+
SO42-
NO3-
Ca2+
C1-
K+
name
magnesium
sodium
sulphate
nitrate
calcium
chloride
potassium
Use the list of ions to work out the formulae of the following compounds:
(Explain your answers)
(i)
sodium sulphate
om
(a)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) calcium chloride
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) magnesium nitrate
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(v) potassium chloride
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain how this type of bonding occurs.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(c) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Strontium, Sr, is in the same group of the Periodic Table as magnesium.
What is the formula of the strontium ion?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
om
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 16
GCSE CHEMISTRY
Medium Demand Questions
The flow chart below can be used to decide on the type of bonding found in different substances.
Is the substance
a solid?
no
yes
simple molecular
Does it melt at a
low temperature?
yes
no
Does it conduct
electricity when
solid?
e.c
no
yes
giant ionic
ctiv
Does it conduct
electricity when
molten or
dissolved in
water?
giant metallic
om
yes
no
ma
giant atomic
Decane boils at 30oC. It does not conduct electricity under any circumstances.
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
(ii) Boron melts at 2027oC. Molten boron does not conduct electricity.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Glucose melts at 146oC, but the molten solid does not conduct electricity.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Solid cobalt conducts electricity. It melts at 1495oC.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) A solution of calcium nitrate in water conducts electricity. Solid calcium nitrate melts at 561oC.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(b)
[2]
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
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ww
w.c
(c)
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
electronic
arrangement
2, 8, 6
2, 8, 8
2, 8, 3
2, 8, 8, 6
2, 5
(a)
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
The ion K+
(c)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Two noble gases.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(d)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
An atom which has 3 electrons in its outside shell.
(e)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
An atom which has 5 electrons in its outside shell.
(f)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
An atom with the atomic number 24.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
The diagrams below show the structures of ethanol, mica and diamond.
O
H
Si
O
O
Si
O
Si
O
O
Si
Si
O
Mica
Ethanol
ethanol?
Diamond
e.c
(a)
Si
om
O
H
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
(ii) diamond?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
How many bonds does each hydrogen have in ethanol?
ma
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) (i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
Which of the elements, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and silicon would you expect to find in the same
group of the Period Table?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 16
om
PART A
electron
e.c
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
Use the diagram and your answer to part (b) to answer the following questions.
In what group of the Periodic Table is magnesium?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explain your answer.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) In what period of the Periodic Table is magnesium?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explain your answer.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 17
potassium oxide
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) magnesium oxide
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) aluminium oxide
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Iron sometimes forms two bonds and sometimes three.
Work out the formulae of the two oxides of iron.
ctiv
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ma
(ii) How are the two oxides of iron distinguished in their names?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 6
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a)
(ii) Na2SO4
(iii) NaHCO3
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
Which compound is made up of the most atoms?
e.c
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)(i)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) List the types of atom in this compound.
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 19
om
the number of electrons. If they do not, the particle will be called an _______.
The number of protons in an atom is called its ________ ________. The total number of particles in the
nucleus gives the ________ ________ of the element.
e.c
The atoms of different elements are _________. They must contain different numbers of ________ and
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
TOTAL / 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 20
neon
symbol
mass number
20
atomic number
10
carbon
Mg
24
14
11
12
12
[9]
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
number of neutrons
sodium
om
Name of element
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 1
A gas barbecue uses butane (C4H10) as a fuel. The butane is stored as a liquid in a container. When the burner
is turned on, the liquid turns to a gas and is lit by pushing a button to create a small spark.
(a)
Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using butane compared to charcoal as a source of heat.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(i)
om
(b)
a liquid
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ctiv
(ii) a gas
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
What term is used to describe the change of state from liquid to gas?
ma
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
ww
w.c
he
(d)(i) Draw a diagram to show the structural arrangement of the atoms in a molecule of butane.
[2]
How does the structure of butane explain why it has a low boiling point?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
TOTAL / 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 2
Fuel cells are often taken into space to supply energy. They turn the energy of a fuel directly into electricity.
steam
hot
potassium
hydroxide
solution
(a) (i)
ctiv
FUEL CELL
om
porous carbon
containing
nickel
oxygen
e.c
hydrogen
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Why is nickel included in the electrodes?
(b)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What is the main way in which fuel cells differ from other electrochemical cells?
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Write an equation for the overall reaction taking place in a fuel cell.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
Give two reasons why fuel cells are more suitable than dry cells for use in spacecrafts.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e)
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 3
A bomb calorimeter is used to burn small, weighed samples of fuels in an atmosphere of oxygen.
The energy produced is transferred to the surrounding water. The fuels are electrically ignited.
A bomb calorimeter is often used to find the energy values of foods.
om
thermometer
stirrer
water
fuel
BOMB CALORIMETER
(a) (i)
e.c
oxygen
What is the advantage of burning the fuel in oxygen rather than in air?
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the advantage of surrounding the bomb calorimeter with water?
6O2
he
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[2]
ww
w.c
TOTAL / 6
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 4
(a)
e.c
om
(i)
[3]
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(i)
ww
w.c
A reaction which could be used is that between aluminium and iron(III) oxide, to produce aluminium
oxide and iron.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction between aluminium and iron(III) oxide.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain why the match is needed to start the reaction, but once started it continues without further
heating.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 5
A Sumo wrestler eats more than 7 kg of steak every day, together with fresh vegetables.
An Olympic rowers lunch would be something like 350 g steak, vegetables, treacle pudding and
unsweetened lemon juice.
(a) Why does the rower eat treacle pudding, but the sumo wrestler does not?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) In view of your answer to (a), why is the rowers lemon juice unsweetened?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 4
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 6
When hydrogen reacts with iodine, we can show the reaction as follows:
H H + I I 2 (H I)
(a)
I I = 151 kJ,
H I = 298kJ)
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
ma
ctiv
ww
w.c
(c)
[3]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 7
When 10 cm3 of 0.1M hydrochloric acid reacts with 10 cm3 of 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature
rises from 20C to 35C.
(a)
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
How many moles of 0.1M hydrochloric acid are in 10 cm3 of 0.1 M solution?
e.c
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(c)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Write a symbol equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
How much energy would you get by reacting 1 mole of hydrochloric acid?
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
(d)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 8
The reactions between bromine (Br2) and hydrogen (H2) to make hydrogen bromine (HBr) can be
represented by the following equation:
Br-Br + H-H
(a)
H-Br +H-Br
Use the following bond energies to answer questions (i), (ii) and (iii).
Br-Br: 193 kJ/mol; H-H: 436 kJ/mol; H-Br: 366 kJ/mol
Calculate the total energy required to break bonds in this reaction.
om
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
ww
w.c
Below is the energy level diagram for the reaction between hydrogen and bromine.
a
energy
b
c
d
reaction path
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 9
Lucy was trying to compare the amount of energy released when three different alcohols were burned.
She used the apparatus shown below.
beaker
water
Lucy weighed the burner before and after burning the alcohols. She stirred the water throughout.
(i)
e.c
(a)
om
alcohol
burner
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What else would Lucy need to measure before and after burning the alcohol?
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) What two things would Lucy need to keep the same if she was to make a fair comparison between
the alcohols?
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Lucy calculated the temperature rise for each gram of alcohol which was burned.
ww
w.c
(b)
(i)
alcohol
temperature
rise
mass
burned
temperature rise
per gram burned
methanol
16oC
2g
8oC/g
ethanol
33oC
3g
11oC/g
propanol
48oC
4g
[1]
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 10
(i)
om
(b)
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Write the equation (symbols) for the reaction between calcium and water.
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
(c)
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 11
When the fuel methane is burnt in a Bunsen burner heat energy is released to the surroundings.
The amount of heat given out from the Bunsen burner is controlled by the position of the air hole.
(i)
Is the flame of a Bunsen burner hottest when the air hole is closed or open?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain your answer to part (i).
(b)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Methane is a part of a group of chemicals called hydrocarbons.
Which two elements do hydrocarbons contain?
e.c
(i)
1. ................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
2. ................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) When any hydrocarbon burns which two chemical compounds are formed?
1. ................................................................................................................................................................
(i)
he
(c)
ma
2. ................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
The methane does not burn until it is lit by a naked flame. The energy supplied by the flame is called
activation energy.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The rate of some chemical reactions can be increased by using a catalyst. Use the idea of
activation energy to explain how a catalyst works.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 12
The following experiment was used to compare how much heat energy three different fuels gave out when
they were burnt.
thermometer
metal can
100 g water
(i)
e.c
fuel
ethanol
paraffin
white spirit
om
Here are the results when 1.0 g of each fuel was burnt.
ctiv
(a)
spirit burner
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Explain your answer.
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) What was the temperature change when 1.0 g of ethanol was burnt?
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Which fuel released the most energy when it was burnt?
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Why it is important to burn 1.0 g of each fuel in each experiment?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b)
When fuels burn they react with a gas in the air. Write down the name of this gas.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
When ethanol burns in excess air, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.
Describe one problem that this may cause in the environment.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
When ethanol burns in a shortage of air another gas is formed which is highly toxic.
Write down the name of this toxic gas.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 13
Look at the diagram. It shows the apparatus used to calculate the energy released when fuel is burnt.
thermometer
metal can
100 g water
om
spirit burner
(a)
ctiv
fuel
ethanol
paraffin
petrol
e.c
The table below shows the results when 1.0 g of each fuel is burnt.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Why is it important for there to be 100 g of water in the metal can for each reaction?
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
Calculate the energy transferred when 2.0 g of paraffin burns. (The specific heat capacity of water
is 4.2 J g-1 K-1)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 14
The following diagram represents the energy level diagram for the reaction between magnesium (Mg) and
oxygen (O2) to form magnesium oxide (MgO).
om
energy
reaction path
On the energy level diagram write the words reactants and products in the correct places.
(b)
(c)
The reaction between magnesium and oxygen may be represented by the following symbol
equation:
[1]
e.c
(a)
ctiv
[1]
2Mg + O2 2MgO
ma
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(ii)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
It is known that 32 g of oxygen takes up 24 dm3 of space at 25oC. Calculate the volume of oxygen
that is needed to react completely with 12 g of magnesium.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 15
In the laboratory a Bunsen burner is used as a heat source. The gas which is burnt in a Bunsen burner
is called methane.
(i)
When methane is burnt heat energy is released into the surroundings. What name is given to this type of
reaction?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
om
(ii) Methane is called a non-renewable fuel. Explain what is meant by a non-renewable fuel.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
e.c
1. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
2. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The reaction between methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2) which takes place during burning produces
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). It may be represented using the following display formulae.
H
C
H
O=C=O
H-O-H
O=O
H-O-H
Name two different bonds which are broken during the reaction.
ww
w.c
(i)
he
O=O
ma
(b)
1. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1]
2. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Which two bonds are made during the reaction?
1. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1]
2............................................................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
Calculate the overall energy change for the reaction between methane and oxygen.
The bond energies are C-H: 435 kJ, O=O: 497 kJ, C=O: 803 kJ, H-O: 464 kJ)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [4]
TOTAL / 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 16
The equipment below was used to measure the temperature change when the metal zinc was placed into
sulphuric acid. During the reaction heat energy is transferred to the surroundings.
thermometer
glass beaker
sulphuric acid
om
zinc
(a)
What would you see happen to the reading on the thermometer during the experiment?
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The experiment was repeated but this time a catalyst was also added.
Explain what a catalyst is.
ctiv
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ma
(ii) What would you see happen to the reading on the thermometer during this second experiment?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 5
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 17
The temperatures of reactions of zinc, magnesium and nickel with hydrochloric acid were measured.
The results are shown in the table.
Temp at start oC
nickel
magnesium
zinc
19
19
19
Highest temp
reached oC
24
57
30
Temp change
o
C
5
11
om
(a)(i)
metal
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
Predict the temperature change for a reaction between calcium and hydrochloric acid.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What name is given to reactions which give out heat?
ma
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Suggest another reaction which would give out heat.
he
(c) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 18
Name two more things which could affect your energy requirements.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
bowl of cereal
bacon
egg
tea (with sugar)
om
e.c
(b)
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
An Indian farmer consumes 7200 J per day. The man described above consumes 20 000 J per day.
(i)
ma
(c)
How would you expect the man and the farmer to differ in appearance?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Suggest two things that the man could do to lose weight.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 19
(b)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Using oxygen instead of air speeds up the burning process.
Explain the reason for this.
ctiv
(c)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(d)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Name two gases which may form when coal is burned.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a)
om
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(ii) Why would it be difficult to compare coal using the same method?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
(iii) Why is it difficult to compare methane gas using the same method?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
George compared two fuels and came up with the following results.
ww
w.c
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 1
Since 1900 it has been known that substances containing nitrogen increase the yield of crops. European
countries imported large quantities of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) from Chile. This nitrate was a non-renewable
resource.
(a)
Name the group of chemicals that plants make from nitrate fertilisers.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What is meant by the term non-renewable.
om
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Calculate the relative molecular mass of sodium nitrate.
The relative atomic masses of N = 14, O = 16, and Na = 23.
e.c
(c)(i)
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in sodium nitrate.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Today nitrate fertilisers are made by first making ammonia gas from nitrogen and hydrogen.
(i)
ww
w.c
(d)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name a raw material used as a source of hydrogen.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
Ammonia is made by passing a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen over finely divided iron metal.
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why the iron used is finely divided.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 1 CONTINUED
(f)
A solid fertiliser is made by dissolving ammonia gas in water. Ammonia solution is then reacted
with an acid. Name the acid you would react with ammonia to make ammonium sulphate.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Overuse of nitrate fertilisers can be harmful. They can cause eutrophication in lakes and rivers.
Explain what happens in the eutrophication process.
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
ma
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [4]
ww
w.c
(g)
TOTAL / 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 2
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b)
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
The limestone (calcium carbonate) will be used to make quicklime (calcium oxide).
The equation for the reaction is given below:
(i)
CaO(s) +
CO2 (g)
ww
w.c
CaCO3(s)
he
(c)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Calculate the relative molecular masses of calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, and carbon dioxide.
(relative atomic masses C=12, O=16, Ca= 40)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 2 CONTINUED
(d)
Calculate the minimum mass of limestone needed to produce 1,680 tonnes of quicklime.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Suggest a reason why more than the minimum mass you have calculated would have to be heated
to obtain 1,680 tonnes of quicklime.
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
(e)
TOTAL / 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 3
om
sodium chloride
solution
(b)
How would you prove that the gas collected was chlorine?
[1]
e.c
(a)
ctiv
Test
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Result
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
(d)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Complete the ionic equation showing the formation of chlorine gas.
(e)
______ + ______
ww
w.c
___ Cl
[1]
(f)
After running the cell for several minutes, some Universal Indicator was added to the cell.
The indicator turned blue.
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give the chemical name of the substance formed that turns the indicator blue.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 3 CONTINUED
(g)
Some students decided to investigate how changing some of the factors in the experiment would
affect the amount of chlorine produced. John made the following prediction:
'more chlorine will be produced if the concentration of sodium chloride solution is increased.'
Describe how the students could use this apparatus to test their prediction.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [5]
ma
Suggest two other changes that John could investigate to see if they affected the amount of
chlorine produced.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
(h)
TOTAL / 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 4
[2]
Aluminium oxide is mixed with cryolite before being placed in the cell.
What is the function of the cryolite?
om
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explain why the electrolyte has to be molten in order to conduct electricity.
e.c
(c)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(i)
cathode
carbon
anode
ww
w.c
he
Electrolyte mixture of
aluminium oxide
and cryolite
ma
(d)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain what happens to the oxide ions.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 4 CONTINUED
(e)
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
e.c
The graph below shows the production of bauxite ore, purified aluminium oxide and aluminium
metal from three different countries.
ctiv
20
15
Australia
he
ma
10
Jamaica
ww
w.c
(f)
bauxite ore
United Kingdom
purified aluminium
oxide
aluminium
metal
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 5
Many power stations burn coal as their source of energy. Coal mainly consists of the element carbon.
(a)
Write a symbol equation for the burning of carbon in a good supply of air.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Coal also contains small amounts of sulphur. The sulphur burns to form sulphur dioxide gas.
Explain how sulphur dioxide causes pollution and how this harms trees.
om
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
One method of preventing this pollution is to remove sulphur dioxide gas before it escapes into the air.
This can be done by reacting the gas with calcium oxide in the power station chimney.
ma
(c)
he
(i)
CaSO3
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the relative molecular masses of:
CaO
SO2
[1]
[1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 5 CONTINUED
(iv) Give two reasons why a greater mass of calcium oxide would be needed in practice.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
2SO2
(i)
O2
om
mean?
e.c
(d)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Name the major chemical formed in the contact process.
ww
w.c
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 6
(a)
2SO3
2SO2
O2
om
e.c
(b)
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[1]
ma
(ii) Label the activation energy on the energy level diagram for the formation of sulphur trioxide.
ww
w.c
Energy
he
2SO2 + O2
2SO3
Time
(iii)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 6 CONTINUED
(c)
60
e.c
%
conversion
of SO2 to SO3
om
80
ctiv
40
400
500
600
700
800
he
0
300
ma
20
Temperature / oC
Use the graph to find the percentage of sulphur trioxide produced at a temperature of 575oC.
ww
w.c
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the amount of sulphur dioxide converted when 300 tonnes of sulphur dioxide ar reacted with
oxygen at 575oC.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Running the process at 300 oC has the advantage of 100% conversion.
Suggest one disadvantage of operating at this temperature.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 6 CONTINUED
(d)
Sulphur trioxide is mixed with concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum, H2S2O7.
The oleum is diluted to produce more sulphuric acid.
(i) Give the symbol equation for this reaction.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain why the oleum is not added directly to water to form sulphuric acid.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The catalyst used contains vanadium.
(i)
e.c
(e)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Vanadium is a very expensive metal. Explain why, despite the high cost, it can be used in this process.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(b)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explain why it is important that the sulphur dioxide gas is not allowed to escape into the atmosphere.
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(c)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Sulphur dioxide may be used to make sulphuric acid.
Outline the major stages in this industrial process.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(d)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
The copper formed is called blister copper and is impure.
Copper is purified by electrolysis. A diagram of the process is shown below.
CATHODE
copper
ANODE
blister
copper
copper sulphate
solution
anode slime
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 7 CONTINUED
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
Complete the symbol equation for the reaction at the cathode.
Cu2+ +
______
Cu
e.c
(ii)
[1]
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) What is the importance of the 'anode slime' in paying for this expensive process.
ww
w.c
(e)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 8
(a) The table below shows the percentage and the boiling point of the three main elements in liquid air.
Element
argon
nitrogen
oxygen
Percentage
78.04 %
20.93%
[1]
(ii)
Name the gas with the highest boiling point ............................................................................... [1]
om
(i)
(b) The following diagram shows the fractionating column for separating liquid air into argon, nitrogen
and oxygen.
e.c
well insulated
fractionating
column
ctiv
nitrogen
he
perforated
shelves
ma
liquid air at
200 oC
ww
w.c
[2]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) nitrogen
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Explain how oxygen is used in the steel industry.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 9
The diagram below shows part of the process in which nitric acid is formed from ammonia.
oxygen
(a)
hot
platinum
gauze
+ oxygen
nitrogen monoxide
gases cooled
using water
nitrogen dioxide
om
ammonia
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(i)
nitrogen monoxide
(ii) oxygen
________________
________________
[3]
ma
(c)
________________
e.c
ctiv
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What information given in the diagram suggests that nitrogen monoxide is insoluble in water?
he
(d)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
(f)
The nitric acid formed may be used to make ammonium nitrate fertiliser.
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 9 CONTINUED
om
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 10
(c)
____ H2
____ NH3
[2]
om
(b)
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The graph below shows the percentage yield of ammonia at different temperatures and pressures.
ctiv
(d)
ma
100
60
40
20
ww
w.c
%
yield of
ammonia
300o C
he
80
100
200
500o C
300
400
500
pressure/atmosphere
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 10 CONTINUED
(i)
[2]
(ii) Use the graph to find the conditions required to give a yield of 60% ammonia.
pressure __________ atmospheres
[1]
om
temperature __________oC
(iii) On the graph draw the line you would expect showing the percentage yield of ammonia
for a temperature of 350oC.
Pressures greater than 500 atmospheres increase the yield of ammonia.
Suggest two reasons why very high pressures of above 500 atm are not used.
e.c
(e)
[1]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(f)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Temperatures lower than 300oC often give a yield of 100% of ammonia.
Suggest a reason why very low temperatures of less than 300oC are not used.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
After reacting the gases with the catalyst a mixture of unreacted nitrogen, unreacted hydrogen
and ammonia is formed. The boiling points of these three gases are given in the table below.
he
(g)
ww
w.c
gas
ammonia
hydrogen
nitrogen
What happens to the nitrogen and hydrogen that leave the process unreacted?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 11
(b)
om
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The limestone (CaCO3) is heated to a high temperature and it decomposes.
(i)
ma
(c)
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
Name the two liquids that are tapped off from the furnace.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e)
The furnace runs for 24 hours a day. Suggest one problem caused by these operating conditions.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 11 CONTINUED
(f)
Discuss the factors that would influence the choice of a site for a new blast furnace.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
(g)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 12
(4 tonnes)
aluminium oxide
(2 tonnes)
aluminium
(1 tonne)
om
The cell requires a current of 100,000 amps and reaches a temperature of 1000oC.
In Scotland, aluminium is made near to hydroelectric power plants.
(a)
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Describe three environmental problems which could be caused by an increase in the demand for
products made from aluminium.
ma
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c)
(i)
[3]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 12 CONTINUED
O2 +
Al
4e-
om
(d)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 13
Sulphuric acid, H2SO4 is made by a method called the contact process. A flow diagram for that process is shown
in the following diagram.
gas G
burnt in
air
400-500oC
catalyst C
om
sulphur
dioxide
sulphur
sulphur
trioxide
dissolved in
concentrated
sulphuric acid
Name gas G.
add liquid
L
concentrated
sulphuric
acid
ma
(i)
ctiv
e.c
oleum
H2S2O7
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Complete the symbol equation for the sulphur burning in air.
S (....)
.......(g)
SO2 (......)
[2]
(v) Explain the importance of not allowing any of the sulphur dioxide to escape into the atmosphere.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(vi) Name all the elements present in oleum, H2S2O7.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 13 CONTINUED
H2O
H2SO4
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(viii) Give one industrial use of sulphuric acid.
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
TOTAL / 9
QUESTIONSHEET 14
Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber process where nitrogen is reacted with hydrogen by passing the mixture
over iron at certain conditions.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
.......H2(g)
[2]
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(iii) State how heat affects the speed of the reaction between the two reactants - nitrogen and hydrogen.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The graph below shows the effect of temperature and pressure on the yield of ammonia produced during
its manufacture
ma
80
70
350oC
60
he
Percentages
yield of
50
ammonia
40
ww
w.c
30
450oC
550oC
20
10
0
100
200
300
400
500
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
(Continued...)
QUESTIONSHEET 14 CONTINUED
(c) One of the main uses of ammonia is to manufacture nitrogenous fertilisers such as ammonium
sulphate. Name the substance that is used to neutralise ammonia to make this fertiliser.
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 15
The diagram below shows a blast furnace which is used for the extraction of iron from iron ore.
raw materials
e.c
om
waste
gases
hot
air
ctiv
hot
air
molten
iron
ma
he
(a) (i) One of the raw materials fed in at the top of the blast furnace is iron ore , which is mainly
iron(III) oxide.
Name the other two raw materials.
1. ................................................................
II. ................................................................
[2]
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) One of the main reactions taking place inside the blast furnace is
Fe2O3
(i)
3CO
2Fe
3CO2
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the relative molecular mass (Mr) of iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3.
Ar (Fe) =56
Ar (O) = 16
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
(Continued...)
QUESTIONSHEET 15 CONTINUED
(iii)
Use the given equation to calculate the mass of iron formed from 320 tonnes of iron(lIl) oxide.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
TOTAL / 8
QUESTIONSHEET 16
Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide (dissolved in molten cryolite).
It is an expensive metal to produce.
(a) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
om
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Explain why the aluminium oxide needs to in the molten state.
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) During electrolysis the aluminium ion (Al3+) is attracted towards the negative electrode.
Give both the name and symbol of the ion attracted towards the positive electrode.
Symbol. .......................................................
ma
Name. ....................................................
[1]
(b) (i) State and explain one important factor that needs to be considered when an aluminium extraction
plant site is chosen.
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Aluminium is a metal that is encouraged to be recycled. Explain why we should recycle as much
aluminium as possible.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Aluminium has many different uses.
Give one reason why aluminium is chosen to make each of the following items:
(i) cooking foil
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) electric cables
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) window frames
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
TOTAL / 11
QUESTIONSHEET 17
Method of extraction
Heat sulphide with oxygen
Electrolysis
Reduction with coke
om
(a) (i)
[3]
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Titanium (Ti) can be extracted from titanium chloride by heating with sodium.
TiCl4
4NaCl
Ti
he
(i)
+ 4Na
ma
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
(ii) What does the reaction tell you about titanium compared to sodium?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
TOTAL / 8
QUESTIONSHEET 18
e.c
om
(a)
ctiv
ma
(i)
[1]
[1]
(iii) the place where the hot gases come out ______
[1]
[1]
ww
w.c
(b) (i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name two of the waste gases.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
TOTAL / 8
QUESTIONSHEET 19
om
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The reaction is quite slow.
What is added to speed it up?
e.c
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Only about 15% of the nitrogen and hydrogen are converted to ammonia.
What happens to the remaining 85%?
ctiv
(d)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Ammonia reacts with nitric acid to make a salt which can be used as a fertiliser.
(i)
ww
w.c
(f)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give two other uses for common salt.
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Sodium hydroxide is made from salt.
(i)
strong alkali
neutral
e.c
(b)
weak acid
[1]
ctiv
weak alkali
..............................................................................................................................................................................
liquid
gas
reducing agent
[2]
ww
w.c
bleach
he
(c)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
Some students made a simple cell. Two pieces of metal foil were dipped into a beaker containing salt solution as
shown in the diagram below.
The voltage was measured.
meter
Name the piece of apparatus that was used to measure the voltage.
ctiv
(a)
e.c
salt
solution
om
metal metal
A
B
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The results are given in the table below:
(b)
ma
METAL A
magnesium
zinc
iron
copper
METAL B
copper
copper
copper
copper
VOLTAGE OBTAINED/volts
1.6
0.6
0.3
0.0
he
EXPERIMENT
1
2
3
4
What is the pattern between the reactivity of the metal and the voltage obtained?
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c)
Predict the voltage obtained if aluminium was used as metal A and copper was used as metal B.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d)
Predict the voltage obtained if metals A and B were swapped over in experiment 1.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
When silver was used as metal A voltage of 0.05 volts was obtained.
Explain this result.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 2
Metal A
Metal C
Metal D
Place the metals on order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive.
e.c
(a)
Metal B
om
Small pieces of four different metals were placed in identical amounts of hydrochloric acid. The results
are shown below.
The four metals used in the experiment were calcium, magnesium, iron and platinum.
Use your knowledge of these four metals to identify the metals A, B, C & D.
[3]
ctiv
(b)
[2]
When magnesium meets with hydrochloric acid, it forms magnesium chloride and hydrogen.
(i)
he
(c)
ma
Metal A .....................................................................................................................................................
Metal B ......................................................................................................................................................
Metal C ......................................................................................................................................................
Metal D ......................................................................................................................................................
MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
[1]
ww
w.c
(ii) When magnesium reacts with sulphuric acid it forms magnesium sulphate.
If a chloride ion is Cl- and a sulphate ion is SO42-, what is the formula of magnesium sulphate?
Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) What salt is formed when magnesium reacts with nitric acid?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
increasing reactivity
Predict if there will be a reaction when the following chemicals are added together.
If you predict a react, write a word equation for it.
(i)
e.c
(a)
om
prediction
[2]
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
equation
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Calcium and potassium sulphate solution
he
prediction
[1]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
equation
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Magnesium and zinc sulphate solution
prediction
[2]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
equation
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(ii) Write a word equation for the reaction between magnesium and copper(II) oxide.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) In the equation, circle the reducing agent.
[1]
(iv) The reaction between magnesium and copper(II) oxide needs to be heated. The heat supplies the
activation energy. What is meant by the term activation energy?
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
In a series of experiments it was found that carbon would react with zinc oxide, but not with
magnesium oxide.
(i)
e.c
(c)
Write down the name of another metal oxide, which would react with carbon.
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write the name of another metal oxide, which would not react with carbon.
ww
w.c
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 4
A student investigated the different reactivities of a set of metals by placing pieces of each metal in metal nitrate
solutions.
The table below shows some of the results.
aluminium
barium
9
lithium
9
8
8
9 = reaction observed
8 = no reaction
Use the results given to put the metals in order of reactivity starting with the most reactive.
e.c
(a)
magnesium
9
8
om
solution
aluminium nitrate
barium nitrate
lithium nitrate
magnesium nitrate
[2]
[3]
(c)
ctiv
(b)
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
increasing reactivity
om
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
zinc
iron
lead
e.c
(a)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) During electrolysis, cryolite is added to molten aluminium oxide.
Explain why.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
anode
he
(iii) Write balanced ionic equations for the reactions occurring at the electrodes during the electrolysis.
cathode
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain what is meant by reduction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(iii) The main reducing agent in the blast furnace is carbon monoxide, which reacts with iron(III)
oxide to produce pure iron.
Balance the equation for this reaction.
___CO + Fe2O3
___CO2 + ___Fe
[2]
om
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
ma
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
(c)
TOTAL / 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 6
Describe a test to show that the solution formed with water was alkaline.
om
TEST
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
RESULT
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Use the information to predict the formula of mancunium oxide.
(c)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
In which group of the Periodic Table would you place mancunium.
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
REASON
(d)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Part of the reactivity series for metals is shown below.
CALCIUM
ZINC
IRON
COPPER
REASON
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(e)
(f)
Mancunium hydroxide reacts with sulphuric acid to form a salt and water.
(i)
Complete the word equation by naming the salt formed in this reaction.
________________________________
e.c
[2]
he
ma
ctiv
______ MOH
[1]
ww
w.c
(ii)
om
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 7
Reactions that give out a large amount of heat have many uses.
A company has invented 'cook-in-the-can' meals.
A ring is pulled which ignites the chemicals surrounding the can. The chemicals react and produce heat, which
cooks the food in the can.
One of the reactions used is a mixture of aluminium powder and iron(III) oxide.
The aluminium used is finely powdered.
(a)(i)
(ii)
[1]
[1]
e.c
om
Use your ideas of the reactivity series of metals to explain why these substances react.
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(d)(i)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
John tried out some reactions in the laboratory that may produce heat.
He used a mixture of powdered copper metal and iron(III) oxide.
Give a reason why John was unsuccessful.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii)
Use this information to name another metal that John could use that would react with iron(III) oxide.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 8
Some students were investigating the reaction between zinc metal and copper sulphate solution.
They set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram below.
Thermometer
50 cm3 copper
sulphate
solution
om
5 g zinc
metal
Name a piece of apparatus that could be used to measure out 50 cm3 of copper sulphate solution.
e.c
(a)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Name a piece of apparatus that could be used to measure 5 g of zinc metal.
ctiv
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The reaction is exothermic. Describe what the students would see.
ma
(c)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d)
(e)
_________ + __________
[1]
(f)
The students repeated the experiment but added zinc to magnesium sulphate solution.
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
GCSE CHEMISTRY
From the reactions in the table, give one example of a chemical change.
om
[1]
METAL
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
REACTION WITH
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
REASON
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Use the information in the table to place the four metals in order of reactivity.
[2]
ma
(b)
ww
w.c
(c)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
(e)
(f)
A student wished to try the reaction between metal D and hydrochloric acid.
Explain why you should not carry out this reaction.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
The following questions are all about the reactivity of the metals copper, iron, magnesium and potassium.
Match up each of the metals with its reaction with water. (The first one has been done for you)
iron
magnesium
om
copper
e.c
(a)
When metals react with water, they form a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide, depending on their
reactivity. From the metals above name a metal which forms:
(i)
a metal hydroxide
ma
(b)
[3]
ctiv
potassium
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
When metals react with water they always release a gas.
(i)
ww
w.c
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe a test to prove the identity of the gas
Test
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Result
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
In a series of experiments a small piece of metal was placed in a solution of a metal salt.
Here is a list of reactions which take place.
1
2
3
(a)
Use the information above to place the metals in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive.
Write a balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium and copper(II) sulphate.
e.c
(b)
om
[2]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Where in the series you have written would you place copper and magnesium?
he
copper
magnesium
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Use your reactivity series to predict whether there will be a reaction between these metals and solutions.
Write word equations for any reactions you predict.
(i) iron and zinc sulphate
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) aluminium and iron(II) sulphate
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
A student placed a small piece of lithium in a trough. Below is a diagram of what the student observed.
lithium
e.c
(a)
om
trough of water
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ma
(ii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of sodium with water.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
(iii) If universal indicator is added to the trough, what colour would it turn?
What pH does this represent?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
The experiment was repeated again, with a small piece of potassium.
What new observations would be made?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
The metals lithium, sodium and potassium are all in Group I of the periodic table.
(i) By what other name is Group I known?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [4]
TOTAL / 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 13
om
PIER
ctiv
wire
e.c
sea
water
iron leg
of the pier
he
(a)
ma
block of
scrap zinc
(b)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
How does the zinc prevent the iron from rusting?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
(d)
Why will the zinc only work when the tide is in and the blocks are covered in sea water?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
Mark on the diagram the direction in which the electrons flow in the wire.
[1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(f)
Predict what would happen if the zinc was replaced with copper metal.
Give a reason for your prediction.
PREDICTION
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
REASON
e.c
Salt water appears to make iron rust more quickly than water containing no salt.
Describe how you could carry out an experiment in test tubes with some iron nails to investigate this.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
ww
w.c
(g)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 14
What is the pattern between the reactivity of a metal and its date of discovery?
om
(a)
date of discovery
1807
1807
1755
1746
known since ancient times
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
A large piece of zinc metal was placed into blue copper sulphate solution.
Describe what you would see in this reaction.
ctiv
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Complete the word equation for this reaction.
he
[1]
The temperature of the copper sulphate solution was recorded before the zinc was added and
then several minutes later. The results were:
ww
w.c
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What word is used to describe reactions that give out energy?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Give two ways in which the reaction could be changed to produce a higher temperature rise.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
Medium Demand Questions
(a)
om
Use this information to explain as fully as you can the following reactions.
A brown solid is formed when a piece of magnesium metal is placed in copper sulphate solution.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Nothing happens when a piece of copper metal is placed in zinc sulphate solution.
ctiv
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(c)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Iron can be extracted from its oxide using carbon. Aluminium cannot be extracted from its oxide using
carbon.
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d)
(e)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 16
om
ALUMINIUM
IRON
LEAD
COPPER
The students tested the metals by adding dilute sulphuric acid to pieces of each of them.
Only the iron seemed to give a reaction.
What would you see when iron reacted with the acid?
e.c
(a)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explain why the aluminium did not react with the acid, even when the book said it was more reactive.
ctiv
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
Suggest why sulphuric acid was used in this test and not any other acid.
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(d)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
The reaction with acid did not prove that lead was more reactive than copper.
The students had available:
1. small pieces of copper and lead
2. solutions of copper nitrate and lead nitrate.
(i)
From these four substances choose two that the students should mix to show that lead is more reactive
than copper.
1____________________________
[1]
2____________________________
[1]
(ii) What would you see when the substances were mixed?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 17
(a)
e.c
om
increasing reactivity
(b)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Which metal is stored under oil?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Which metal is a liquid at room temperature?
ma
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Which metal is shiny when cut, but tarnishes in a few seconds?
he
(d)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Which metal burns with a bright, white flame?
ww
w.c
(e)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 18
om
magnesium
fuse
clay
pot
ctiv
e.c
reaction
mixture
(a)
ma
tap
he
[2]
The magnesium ribbon burns at 700oC yet the iron will only melt at 1500oC.
Explain why this reaction forms molten iron.
ww
w.c
(b)
railway lines
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
Suggest a reason why the aluminium and iron oxide are in powder form.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(e)
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
ma
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
ww
w.c
(f)
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 19
In an experiment different metals were heated in a Bunsen burner flame for 30 seconds and then removed.
The observations are given below.
observation
turned black - did not burn
burned with white flame
no obvious change
om
metal
copper
magnesium
silver
(a)
Place the metals in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive.
e.c
(b)
[1]
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Write a word equation for an oxidation reaction which happened in the experiment.
ma
(ii)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
In another experiment, a piece of polished copper was placed in a solution of silver nitrate.
(i)
he
(c)
(ii)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
In another experiment a piece of polished copper was placed in a solution of magnesium sulphate.
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 20
magnesium
What gas is collected in the test tube?
ctiv
(a)(i)
e.c
water
om
gas
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
A white solid forms on the surface of the magnesium.
What is this solid?
ma
(ii)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b)
he
magnesium
ww
w.c
steam
gas
heat
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest two other metals which will react with steam in the same way as magnesium.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Name a metal that will not react in this way.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
Explain why many items of jewellery are made from gold or silver and not from iron.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
ww
w.c
(c)
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 1
Atomic number
Molecular formula
Bond length/nm
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Astatine
17
35
53
85
C12
Br2
I2
At2
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.29
(a)
e.c
(i)
om
Note:
Bond energy/
kJ per mole
240
195
150
bond length?
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) bond energy?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What do you think is the bond energy in astatine?
ma
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Describe the relationship between bond length and bond energy as the halogen series is descended.
he
(c)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
The solubility of the halogens in water may be summarised as follows:
chlorine
bromine
iodine
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 1 CONTINUED
(e)
List the four elements in order of reactivity, placing the most reactive first.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Does your order of reactivity seem to fit with the bond energies?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
(f)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 2
When sulphur is heated in air, a colourless, poisonous gas with an unpleasant, choking smell is formed. If this
gas is collected, dried, then cooled to below 10oC, it forms a colourless liquid. Dry pH paper dipped into this
liquid does not change colour, but damp pH paper dipped into the liquid shows a pH of less than 7.
(a)
om
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Why does the colourless liquid not affect the dry pH paper?
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
When damp pH paper is used, the colourless liquid becomes acidic. How do you know this?
ctiv
(d)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between the colourless gas named in part (a)
with oxygen.
he
(e)
ma
If the colourless gas from above is reacted with oxygen at 450oC and in the presence of vanadium pentoxide,
sulphur trioxide forms as a colourless gas, which then cools to colourless crystals. If water is added to
the crystals, a fiercely exothermic reaction takes place and sulphuric acid forms.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
The vanadium pentoxide is recovered after the above reaction.
What is its purpose in the reaction?
ww
w.c
(f)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g)
(h)
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sulphur trioxide with water.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(i)
In fact, this reaction is much too exothermic to carry out safely. It would spray sulphuric acid all
around the room. In practice, the sulphur trioxide is added to 98% sulphuric acid, where it reacts
with the 2% water present to form more sulphuric acid. Why is the reaction much safer when carried
out like this?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 3
The diagram below shows an apparatus that can be used to react chlorine with iron.
iron wire
excess chlorine
dry chlorine
product
HEAT
om
(a) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(ii) What compound is formed during the reaction that takes place?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
..... Fe (s) +
ctiv
(iii) Complete and balance the following symbol equation for the chemical change that takes place.
............ (g)
[2]
ma
(iv) Give one reason why this reaction must be carried out in a fume cupboard.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
The element iodine is below chlorine in Group VII of the Periodic Table. If iodine was allowed to
react with iron wire, state whether you would expect this reaction to be more vigorous, less vigorous
or about the same as the reaction between chlorine and iron wire.
ww
w.c
(b)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
..... Na (....)
Br (....)
2
.....NaBr (s)
[2]
(ii) If the following pairs of elements were allowed to react together, choose the pair that would be
most reactive and give an explanation for your choice.
lithium and fluorine
sodium and chlorine
potassium and chlorine
potassium and fluorine
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 3 CONTINUED
[1]
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 4
For each of the following pairs of substances describe how you would distinguish between them by giving
one chemical test in each case.
Describe your observation on both substances.
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Hydrogen and chlorine.
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 5
Sulphuric acid is manufactured industrially by the contact process. During the early part of the process, sulphur
is reacted with oxygen to give an oxide A. This substance is then converted into sulphur trioxide by reacting A
with the element B.
(a) (i)
Calculate the simplest formula of the oxide of sulphur A from the following information.
3.2 g of sulphur gave 6.4 g of the oxide A.
Please show how you worked out your answer.
Ar(S) = 32; Ar(O) = 16.
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b)
......................................[1]
ctiv
The reaction between A and B to give the gas sulphur trioxide is reversible. Explain the term reversible
and complete and balance the chemical equation.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Complete and balance the equation;
(c)
ww
w.c
.............. + ............
....... SO3
[2]
Both oxygen and sulphur are in the same group of the Periodic Table. One method for both to react
is to become an ion X2-. Explain in terms of their electronic structures why oxygen is more reactive
towards this change than sulphur.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 6
Plants need many substances for healthy growth and for the chemical reactions which occur within them. Most
of these substances are absorbed in solution in water through the roots. The three main essential elements which
plants need are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. These elements may be supplied naturally by the soil, but
often we need to add one or more of them in the form of fertilisers. A fertiliser is sold in a bag labelled with its
name followed by three numbers which indicate, respectively, the percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium present. e.g. Regular 20 10 12 means that the fertiliser is called regular and contains 20%
nitrogen, 10% phosphorus and 12% potassium. Such fertilisers are known as NPK fertilisers. Here is a list of
some common fertilisers.
e.c
ctiv
(a)
om
Universal 15 15 15
Extra grass 29 5 5
Double season PK for fertile soils 0 20 20
Maincrop potato 10 10 15 + 4.5 Mg
Concentrated maincrop potato 15 15 19
Granphos 2 40 0
Barley for high potash clay soils 29 13 0
Winter wheat 9 23 18
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Name the essential element which:
(i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) potatoes need in extra high concentration.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Name an element, other than nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium, which potatoes need.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d)
What percentage of nitrogen would be supplied by a fertiliser of pure ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1, N = 14, O = 16).
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 6 CONTINUED
A farmer was offered a choice of potassium nitrate or urea as a fertiliser. Although much more
expensive per gram of nitrogen, he chose potassium nitrate. Give one reason which may have influenced
his choice.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
(e)
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 7
e.c
om
(b)
ctiv
(c) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain your reasons.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
(d)
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 8
(b)
structure
Rings of 8 atoms
Boils
om
(a)
[4]
When molten sulphur is cooled slowly, needle-like crystals form under the surface.
Why do some rocks contain crystals when they are split open?
ctiv
(c)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ma
These crystals change slowly to another form with rhombic-shaped crystals as they cool.
(i) What changes are seen as the needle-like crystals cool?
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What changes would be seen in the rhombic crystals as they cool?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
(d)
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 9
Tooth decay in the UK is a serious problem. About 7000 sets of dentures are supplied each year to school
children alone. This is a waste of healthy teeth and money.
It has been suggested that the presence of fluoride ions, F , in drinking water helps to prevent tooth decay.
The data in the following table come from six different areas of the country, where fluoride ions occur naturally
in the water supply.
On the chart below plot a graph of DMF against ppm of fluoride concentration.
800
ma
600
he
400
200
ww
w.c
[2]
ctiv
(a)
e.c
Note:
fluoride concentration/ppm
0.5
0.9
2.6
0.1
1.9
1.2
om
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Fluoride concentration/ppm
(b)
Does your graph support or contradict the suggestion that fluoride ions in drinking water help to
prevent tooth decay?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 9 CONTINUED
It has been found in a much wider study from many more areas in the UK that similar results are obtained.
Also, the presence of small amounts of fluoride in the water does not appear to be at all harmful. As a result,
it has been suggested that in areas where there is no natural fluoride in the water, drinking water
should undergo fluoridation i.e. should have fluoride added.
(c)
Give a reason why fluoridation might be a good idea in areas with no natural fluoride in the
drinking water.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Give one argument which might be used against fluoridation of water supplies.
om
(d)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Suggest two other ways, other than fluoridation of water, in which people could take small amounts
of fluoride ions
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
(e)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 10
The table below gives some information about six different gases.
Formula of molecule
CH4
NH3
N2
O2
CO2
SO2
(a)
om
e.c
ctiv
N2 = ................................................................................................................................................... [1]
O2 = ................................................................................................................................................... [1]
CO2 = ................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[2]
he
On the chart below plot a graph of volume against mass of one mole.
ww
w.c
1.5
1.3
Volume at rtp/dm3
(b)
ma
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 10 CONTINUED
(c)
What is the mass of one mole of molecules of a gas for which 1g at rtp occupies 0.52 dm3?
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) If the molecule is made up of nitrogen and oxygen only, what is its formula?
Show your working.
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [5]
ww
w.c
(e)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 19
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 11
The following table contains some information about Group VII of the Periodic Table.
Element
Formula
Atomic number
Melting point (oC)
fluorine
F2
9
-223
chlorine
C12
17
-103
bromine
Br2
35
-7
iodine
I2
53
114
(a)(i)
Colour
pale yellow
yellow-green
red-brown
purple-black
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Chlorine is a diatomic gas. Explain the meaning of diatomic.
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Explain how chloride ions are formed from chlorine atoms.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Astatine, At, is another member of Group VII with an atomic number of 85.
(i)
he
(b)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe the appearance of astatine.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Give the number of electrons in the outer shell of astatine.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Astatine is expected to form a compound with hydrogen in a similar way to chlorine and hydrogen.
By means of a labelled diagram, show how the atoms are bonded together. Name this type of bonding.
Diagram
[2]
Type of bonding. .................................................................................................................................. [1]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 12
A
B
C
D
E
Melting point
(oC)
119
-7
98
1083
-259
Boiling point
(oC)
444
59
883
2336
-253
Conducts
heat
no
no
yes
yes
no
Brittle
Shiny
yes
no
no
no
no
insoluble
slightly soluble
reacts
insoluble
slightly soluble
no
no
yes
yes
no
om
Element
Give the letter of the element which is a liquid under room conditions.
(b)
Give the letters of all the elements that are non-metals giving two reasons for your answer.
(i)
e.c
(a)
..........................................[3]
ctiv
(ii) Reasons.
...................................[1]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Elements A and E when heated can react together to give a gas. Name the type of bonding you
would expect this compound to have. Give a reason for your answer.
Type of bonding
Reason.
he
(c)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................[1]
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
Gas E has no colour or smell. It burns in oxygen giving a vapour which condenses on a cold surface
as a colourless neutral liquid. The gas E has a number of important uses including the industrial
manufacture of ammonia. Name the gas E.
Gas E is
.....................................[1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 13
om
(b)
(ii) Graphite.
(c)
[4]
ma
ctiv
e.c
(i) Diamond
Diamond is a very hard substance often used to cut and engrave glass.
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Graphite conducts electricity and is used as electrodes in industry and as positive terminals in batteries.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 14
helium 2,
carbon 6,
nitrogen 7,
oxygen 8,
fluorine 9,
sulphur 16,
chlorine 17,
bromine 35.
om
hydrogen 1,
Use only elements from these given non-metals to answer the following questions.
Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(i)
ma
e.c
ctiv
(a)
.....................................[1]
....................................[1]
....................................[1]
....................................[1]
Formula.
(c)
ww
w.c
Type of bonding.
he
....................................[1]
Name the element which readily burns in air with a pale blue flame giving off an
unpleasant smelling gas which is one of the main causes of acid rain.
The element is
(d)
....................................[1]
....................................[1]
Two elements X and Y form compounds with hydrogen with the formulae H2X and YH4.
Name the elements X and Y.
Element X is
....................................[1]
Element Y is
....................................[1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 15
om
hydrogen
burning
Pure dry
hydrogen
drops of liquid
A
e.c
glass
tube
Name two chemicals that could be used to make hydrogen in the laboratory.
ctiv
(i)
cold surface
[2]
(ii) Give the precaution that must be taken before hydrogen is ignited.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Name the liquid A.
......................................[1]
(iv)
Give a simple chemical test and observation to confirm the identity of the liquid.
he
(iii)
ww
w.c
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 16
The table below contains some information about four different substances A, B, C and D.
(The letters are not chemical symbols.)
Study the table carefully and answer the given questions.
A
B
C
D
above 500
below 500
above 500
above 500
om
diamond,
e.c
(a)
Substance
(ii) iodine,
(b)
...............................[1]
...............................[1]
...............................[1]
ctiv
(iii) copper .
The four substances are diamond, copper, iodine and sodium chloride. Which of these substances
best fits the following descriptions?
Atoms bonded by sharing electrons to form small molecules.
ma
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
ww
w.c
(c)
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Complete the equation that takes place at the positive electrode.
__ Cl- C12 ________
[2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 17
The following table gives some information about gases which are found in the air.
(a)
Soluble in water?
no
slightly
no
fairly
no
no
no
no
om
Boiling point/oC
-196
-183
-186
-40 (sublimes)
-246
-269
-153
-108
Gas
nitrogen
oxygen
argon
carbon dioxide
neon
helium
krypton
xenon
As well as the above, which other gas is normally found in the air?
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Which of the above gases becomes liquid at the lowest temperature?
(c)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Carbon dioxide sublimes at 40oC. What would you observe if carbon dioxide gas was cooled
to this temperature?
(d)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
If a mixture of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen was allowed to warm up, which one would boil first?
(e)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What is the name of the process which allows nitrogen and oxygen to be separated from liquid air
by warming?
(f)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
State the approximate percentages by volume of nitrogen and oxygen in the air.
[2]
Nitrogen ................................%
Oxygen .................................%
(g)
The percentages of nitrogen and oxygen in the air which has been boiled out of water are different to
those given in part (f). Why is this?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 17 CONTINUED
(h)
Nitrogen and oxygen are both obtained by allowing liquid air to warm up. Why is oxygen more
expensive than nitrogen?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Green plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. How can some green plants continue to live
under water?
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
(i)
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 18
The flow chart shows some of the reactions and changes involved in carbon compounds.
carbon
monoxide
CO
carbon dioxide
CO2
solution B
goes milky/
cloudy
calcium
carbonate
plants
om
E
solid
A
...............................................
B is
...............................................
D is
...............................................
E is
...............................................
[1]
[1]
[1]
ma
C is
[1]
ctiv
A is
e.c
[1]
he
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Carbon is often used as a reducing agent. When a mixture of carbon and copper oxide are heated the
copper oxide is reduced to copper. Complete and balance the equation for the reaction.
C + ..... CuO
(f)
... Cu + ..........
[2]
Carbon and silicon both belong to Group 4 of the Periodic Table of elements. They form oxides
with similar formulae CO2 and SiO2. In terms of structures explain why carbon dioxide is a gas at
room conditions but silicon dioxide has a very high melting point.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 19
oxygen
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
potassium
om
(ii)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Give the name of the element with the symbol
(i)
[1]
e.c
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
(ii) Na
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Complete the following table.
Chemical formula
ZnO
FeS
NaOH
KC1
he
Substance
zinc oxide
iron sulphide
sodium hydroxide
ma
(c)
Elements present
zinc and oxygen
ww
w.c
(d)
[3]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give the total number of atoms the formula CO represents.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give the total number of atoms present in H2SO4.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
QUESTIONSHEET 20
Melting point/oC
-220
-101
-7
+114
Atomic number
9
17
35
53
85
Boiling point/oC
-188
-35
+58
+183
om
(a)
Atomic symbol
F
C1
Br
I
At
melting point?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(i)
ctiv
(b)
ma
he
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
(d)
ww
w.c
(e)
List the five elements in order of reactivity, placing the most reactive first.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
(a)
Crude oil is the raw material of the petrochemical industry. Describe how crude oil was formed.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
e.c
(b) The first stage in the processing of crude oil is fractional distillation. The process is illustrated in
the diagram below.
ctiv
ma
he
Vapour of
crude oil
ww
w.c
Bottled gas
and chemicals
Petrol
Chemicals
Jet fuel
Diesel fuel
Bitumen
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1 CONTINUED
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) From which fraction is petrol obtained?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(iii) Which fraction provides the chemical feedstock for the petrochemical industry?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
All of the chemicals in crude oil are hydrocarbons. What are hydrocarbons?
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
(c)
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 2
Crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons. The process by which it can be separated can be
demonstrated in the laboratory using the apparatus shown below.
thermometer
clamp
delivery tube
om
crude oil
soaked into
mineral wool
(a) (i)
e.c
cold water
heat
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
In a typical experiment, four different fractions can be collected. The properties of these fractions
are summarised below.
b.p. range (oC)
up to 80
80 to 160
C
D
viscosity
he
fraction
160 to 250
colour
very low
colourless
low
pale yellow
ww
w.c
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
high
yellow
250 to 320
how it burns
easily
clean flame
quite easily
smoky flame
difficult to light
very smoky flame
[3]
a lubricating oil.
Fraction ................................................................................................................................................. [1]
Reason................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
Many of the hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil belong to the alkane homologous series.
(a)
What is a hydrocarbon?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b)
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
The first and fourth members of the alkane series are methane, CH4, and butane, C4H10.
What is the formula of hexane, the sixth member of the series?
e.c
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The atoms of the hydrocarbon, C4H10, can be arranged in two different ways.
Draw the structural formulae for the two arrangements of this hydrocarbon.
ww
w.c
he
ma
(i)
ctiv
(d)
[2]
(ii) Which of the two structural formulae you have drawn will have the higher boiling point?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Explain your answer to part (ii).
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 4
Crude oil is a mixture of many compounds. In order to convert it into useful products it must pass through a
number of processes.
(a)
om
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Ethene can be used for a number of other processes, one of which makes poly(ethene).
What is the name of this process?
e.c
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
n C
ma
he
ctiv
ww
w.c
(d)
[2]
Describe two environmental problems which are associated with the disposal of waste plastics.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
This question is about the alkene, ethene, C2H4, which is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(a)
(b)
H2O
C2H5OH
e.c
om
(c)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
(e)
[1]
he
(d)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(f)
Cl
[2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 6
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
he
[4]
(iii) Give one piece of evidence that the product contains smaller molecules than the starting material.
(b)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The starting material is said to contain only saturated hydrocarbons, whereas the product will contain
unsaturated ones. What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 7
om
[1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(i)
ma
(b)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
ww
w.c
(i)
he
(ii)
[1]
[1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe how a sample of a plastic could be tested to find out whether it is thermosetting or
thermosoftening.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 8
Liquid A
bromine
gas B, catalyst C
ethene, C2H4
steam, catalyst D
om
liquid F
solid E
(i)
e.c
(a)
liquid A
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) gas B
(iii) catalyst C
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(iv) catalyst D
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(v) solid E
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(vi) liquid F
......................................................................................................................................................................... [6]
(b)
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between ethene and steam to form liquid F.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
Ethene can be converted into ethane by reaction with gas B in the presence of catalyst C.
State one commercial application of this type of reaction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(a) (i)
formula
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
(ii)
C9H20
C10H22
e.c
name
methane
ethane
propane
butane
(i)
hexane
heptane
octane
nonane
decane
om
The following table gives some data about the first ten members of the alkane homologous series.
(ii)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Give the formula of the alkane (ii), octane.
ww
w.c
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
Plot a graph of boiling point (vertical axis) against number of carbon atoms (horizontal axis)
ww
w.c
(b) (i)
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
he
(i)
[3]
ww
w.c
(c)
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 10
om
(a)
ctiv
e.c
[2]
ma
(c)
[2]
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
About thirty years ago, most carrier bags were made from paper, whereas most today are made from
poly(ethene). Explain why this change has taken place.
ww
w.c
(d)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
The table below gives some information about monomers and the polymers that are made from them.
name and structure of monomer
C
H
poly(ethene)
Cl
Cl
poly(chloroethene)
om
chloroethene
e.c
ethene
phenylethene
C6H5
(i)
ctiv
(ii)
(b)
What structural feature do these monomers have which enables them to be polymerised?
ma
(a)
[2]
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Poly(chloroethene) is used to make coverings for electrical cables.
It has replaced the use of rubber.
(i)
ww
w.c
(c)
State two properties of poly(chloroethene) that are common to plastics in general, and make it suitable
for this use.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii)
State two ways in which poly(chloroethene) is better than rubber for this use.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
Describe two environmental problems that are associated with the disposal of plastics.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 12
The table below gives some information about monomers and the polymers that can be made from them.
monomer
structure
ethene
polymer
CH3
e.c
poly(tetrafluoroethene)
ma
ctiv
(b)
[4]
he
(a)
om
poly(ethene)
propene
structure
(c)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What is meant by the term polymer?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
(e)
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 13
(b)
pentane C5H12
propene C3H6
om
(i)
e.c
ctiv
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) name
(d)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What are the economic advantages of cracking?
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e)
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 14
Some of the products of the distillation of crude oil are used as fuels.
To find out the products formed when hydrocarbons burn, the apparatus below is used.
Thistle
funnel
Ice
om
To vacuum pump
(this draws the
gaseous combustion
products through the
apparatus)
(a)
TUBE A
A colourless liquid
condenses here
ctiv
Kerosene
(paraffin) in
spirit burner
e.c
Limewater
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What will happen to the limewater?
Some fuels leave a black deposit on the inside of the thistle funnel.
(i) What is this deposit?
ww
w.c
(c)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Why does it form?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What other product could be formed under these circumstances?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 5
GCSE CHEMISTRY
FORMULA OF ESTER
CH3
BANANA
O
C
C5H11
C5H11
C2H5
e.c
C3H7
APRICOT
om
(b)
C3H7
ctiv
PINEAPPLE
ma
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
(ii) An ester found in apple flavouring contains five carbon atoms, ten hydrogen atoms and two oxygen
atoms. Complete the formula of the apple flavouring given below.
C
ww
w.c
C3H7
[1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(c)
Ethanol can be made from the fermentation of sugars. In Brazil, ethanol produced in this way
is added to petrol. The mixture is known as Gasohol.
(i) Suggest why this is an economic process in Brazil, but would not be possible in Britain.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
State another major use of ethanol.
e.c
(d)
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 16
Complete the table showing the names, molecular formulae and structural formulae of three compounds
obtained from crude oil.
name
molecular formula
butane
C4H10
structural formula
om
(a)
pentane
ctiv
[4]
he
ma
hexane
(b)
e.c
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 17
The graph shows the percentage of North Sea crude oil which distils off during fractional distillation at different
temperatures.
Percentage
of crude oil
distilled
100
80
60
40
(a)
200
300
100
Distillation temperature (oC)
400
e.c
om
20
below 20oC.
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
In what physical state would you expect the fraction below 20oC to be in?
he
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The table below gives the uses of the products from crude oil.
ww
w.c
(c)
use
heating
road transport
generating electricity
making chemicals
% of oil
used
44
37
8
TOTAL / 5
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 18
Detergents, paints and inks are all made from the components of crude oil.
(a)(i)
What is a detergent?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why it is important that detergents are biodegradable.
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b) (i)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
Ben and Jessica used this technique to compare the inks from different pens.
Their results are shown below.
BLUE
ORANGE
he
BLUE
ww
w.c
YELLOW
YELLOW
RED
STARTING LINE
(DRAWN IN PENCIL)
B
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 19
(a)
e.c
om
use
coating for wires
guttering
carrier bags
combs
sandwich bags
[4]
ctiv
Crude oil, from which plastics are made, is first separated into fractions.
Information about some of the fractions is given in the table.
boiling range (oC)
-160 to 40
40 to 80
80 to 150
150 to 240
fraction
petroleum gas
petrol
naphtha
kerosene
(i)
ma
(b)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Propene has a boiling point of 47oC. In which fraction would propene be found?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a)
method
burn them with other household rubbish
fill in quarries with household waste
re-use the bottles
make them into pellets of pure plastic
om
option
A
B
C
D
Option A
ctiv
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Option B
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
(c)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 1
Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce the gas carbon dioxide.
The table below gives the results from a reaction when 40 cm3 dilute hydrochloric acid was added
to one marble chip (calcium carbonate) at room temperature of 20oC. The calcium carbonate was
in excess.
One of the results in the table is unreliable.
71.00
70.74
70.54
70.40
70.30
70.24
time (min)
70.20
70.20
70.20
On the grid below plot a graph of the results shown in the table above.
e.c
(i)
70.26
om
Mass of flask
and contents (g)
[3]
ma
ctiv
ww
w.c
he
Mass of
flask and
contents
(g)
70.00
0
Time (min)
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 1 CONTINUED
(ii) Sketch carefully on the grid the graph that would be obtained if:
I.
the same reaction was carried out at a temperature of 50oC. Label this graph B.
II. when an identical piece of calcium carbonate was reacted with only 20 cm3 of
the dilute acid. Label this graph C.
[2]
[2]
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 2
Some chemical reactions may take place twice as quickly if their temperature is raised by 10oC.
(a)
If a particular reaction takes 32 minutes at 20oC, how long will it take if the temperature is raised
to 50oC?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c)
ctiv
ma
ww
w.c
he
Temperature/ oC
e.c
(b)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Time / min
Explain why the line on your graph does not meet either axis.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 3
Carbonates react with acids to produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water.
(a)
The equation describes the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
CaCO3
(i)
2HCl
CaCl2
CO2
H2O
[1]
om
e.c
(iii) Use the relative atomic masses C =12, Ca = 40 and O=16 to calculate the relative formula mass of
calcium carbonate. Show your working.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(iv)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
How much carbon dioxide can be produced from:
A 100 g calcium carbonate?
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
B 1 g calcium carbonate?
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
A student wished to measure the production of carbon dioxide in the above reaction. She considered the
two methods outlined in the diagram.
ww
w.c
(b)
Method A
add
25 cm3
hydrochloric
acid
weigh immediately
Method B
boiling
tube
with
25 cm3
hydrochloric
acid
1g
calcium
carbonate
weigh
reweigh
leave for 2 minutes
reweigh
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 3 CONTINUED
(i)
Before carrying out the experiment, she performed the calculation in part (a) (iv) B of this question.
Suggest how this information could be of use to her.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain why, of the two methods shown, method B would provide a more reliable estimate of the
amount of carbon dioxide produced during the reaction.
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 4
Explain why.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
om
The teacher repeats the experiment with three other classes. The tree disappears from view at different times.
Time for tree to disappear
in seconds
120
200
150
Class
ctiv
e.c
9X
9Y
9Z
The three experiments were identical except for the day on which they were done.
(i)
ma
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
(iii) on a January day when the school heating was not working well?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The following year the local group of schools agree to do the same experiment on the same day under
exactly the same conditions using the same chemicals. They look at objects that are the same distance away.
The results are: -
School
St Peters
St Pauls
St Marys
The teachers tested the chemicals used. They found that the sodium thiosulphate was of different
concentration in each school.
(c)(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 4 CONTINUED
om
How could he use this equipment to measure the cloudiness of the liquid in a more objective way?
Draw a diagram of how the equipment might be set up.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
ma
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
(d)
[4]
TOTAL / 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 5
Cotton is starched to make it easier to weave into denim cloth. Before the cloth is made up into clothing the
starch is removed so that it can be more easily sewn.
Denim from a newly woven roll is tested to find out the best conditions for the removal of starch using the
biological catalyst amylase. A solution of amylase is made up and five equal pieces are cut from the roll of
denim. Equal quantities of amylase are added to four of the five pieces in separate beakers. The beakers are kept
at temperatures of 20oC, 40oC, 60oC and 80oC respectively for 15 minutes. Afterwards all five pieces are tested
for starch.
What is a catalyst?
om
(a) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Which of the cotton samples would you expect to contain the most starch?
ctiv
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain your answer.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(iii) Which sample would you expect to contain the least starch?
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(v) What chemical is most often used to detect starch?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 6
The following equation shows what happens when magnesium ribbon reacts with hydrochloric acid.
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(a)
om
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
How would the rate compare if you used very dilute hydrochloric acid?
Explain why.
e.c
(c)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(d)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
State two ways in which the reaction could be speeded up besides changing the concentration of
hydrochloric acid.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Calculate how many moles of hydrogen gas are collected.
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
(e)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[24 dm3 is the volume of 1 mole of gas at room temperature]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 7
When 0.15 M sodium thiosulphate solution (Na2S2O3(aq)) is added to hydrochloric acid, sulphur is formed.
(a)
(b)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
Apart from heating it, how else could you speed up the reaction?
How would this work?
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
30
20
5
27
20
30
5
56
10
40
5
3 min
[3]
he
40
10
5
13
ww
w.c
(d) (i)
50
0
5
5
ma
Na2S2O3(aq)
Volume H2O(l)
(cm3)
HCl(aq)
Reaction Time (s)
ctiv
The following results table was obtained by mixing various amounts of sodium thiosulphate solution, water and
1 M hydrochloric acid.
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 7 CONTINUED
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 8
Yoghurt is made from milk. Yoghurt contains lactic acid formed from lactose, the sugar present in milk.
Recently a new type of yoghurt has appeared in the shops in which bacteria from Russian cosmonauts has
been used in the process.
(a)
Describe a test to show that an acid is formed when milk is turned into yoghurt.
State the result of the test.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
For all practical purposes, a solution of lactose does not change into lactic acid. Adding bacteria increases
the rate of reaction. What is meant by the phrase rate of reaction?
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Why does the addition of bacteria have this effect?
ctiv
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Describe or draw diagrams to show what is happening to individual molecules of lactose in the reaction
to form lactic acid molecules in yoghurt.
ma
(d)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(e)
ww
w.c
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
After a while the rate of formation of lactic acid decreases. Why is this?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f)
The yoghurt milk mixture is heated to about 70oC.What effect does this have on the rate of the
production of lactic acid? Explain your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 9
2
10
4
16
6
20
8
-
[3]
he
ma
ctiv
10
22
ww
w.c
(a)
0
0
e.c
Time (s)
Volume (cm3)
om
The apparatus shown can be used to collect gas formed by reacting magnesium and sulphuric acid. The
following table of data was collected.
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 9 CONTINUED
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Why is it easy to miss results like this during experiments?
(c) (i)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Which gas is formed in the reaction ?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 10
Some cars are fitted with catalytic converters to remove harmful substances from exhaust gases.
om
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why the catalyst works better when the engine is warm.
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Heavy metals may stick to the catalyst and prevent it from working.
The catalyst is said to be poisoned.
(i)
ma
(b)
Explain how catalysts work and how poisoning with heavy metals prevents this.
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Why should the owners of cars with catalytic converters always use unleaded petrol?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 11
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) breaks down slowly to form water and oxygen.
(a)
om
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) How does the catalyst work?
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ctiv
(iii) How could you show that the catalyst was unchanged at the end of the reaction?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 12
om
The diagram shows a flask of zinc metal reacting with hydrochloric acid on a chemical balance.
ctiv
e.c
150 g
(a)
How could this apparatus be used to measure the speed of the reaction?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
(i)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
What is the gas being produced?
(ii)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
How would you test the gas to identify it?
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the zinc was ground into a fine powder?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) the concentration of the hydrochloric acid was increased?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 13
Describe the effect of increasing the pressure of two gases on the rate of reaction using this
collision theory.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Cornflour is used on the production line in some sweet factories. It is carried in the air.
Special precautions have to be taken to remove the cornflour from the air as a fire hazard.
Why is this fine powder a fire hazard?
om
(b)
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
10 g of magnesium ribbon burns up in 1 minute.
How fast would you expect 10 g of magnesium powder to burn?
ctiv
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Why is heat often provided as a means of speeding up chemical reactions?
ma
(d)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
(e)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 14
A research laboratory is investigating the effectiveness of various catalysts for the reduction of pollution in
petrol powered car exhausts.
They obtain the following results using their own pollution units, P.
[10 P = 10 pollution units.]
Carbon monoxide
P
700
150
250
75
Oxides of nitrogen
P
500
150
300
90
om
None
A
B
C
Petrol
P
100
30
50
10
e.c
Catalyst
In his lab notebook the scientist uses the abbreviations CO, NOx and CH.
What do these abbreviations stand for?
ctiv
(a)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) (i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
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w.c
(ii) Which is the largest pollutant in the exhaust before a catalyst is used?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Which is the largest pollutant in the exhaust from the most effective catalyst?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 6
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 15
om
chemicals A or B
added here
e.c
heat
energy
ctiv
no catalyst
90
time in seconds
On the same axes, draw a line to represent the volume of oxygen produced when the reaction is
repeated with 5 g of a granulated catalyst in the flask. Label this (i).
ww
w.c
(a) (i)
60
he
30
ma
volume
of gas
(ii) On the same axes, draw a line to represent the volume of oxygen produced when the reaction is
repeated with 5 g of a powdered catalyst in the flask. Label this (ii).
(b)
[1]
[1]
John measures the volume of gas produced when 5 g of two chemicals X and Y are added to
hydrogen peroxide under identical conditions. His results for this experiment look like this.
volume
of gas
30
60
90
time in seconds
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 15 CONTINUED
om
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(c)
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 16
200 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide solution are warmed in a flask. The volume of gas produced is measured using a
syringe. After 30 seconds 5 g of a chemical A is added to the hydrogen peroxide and the volume of gas
continues to be measured. The experiment is then repeated but this time another chemical, B, replaces A.
A third experiment has chemical B replaced by chemical C.
om
chemicals A, B or C
added here
e.c
heat
energy
30
(a)
ma
volume
of gas
ctiv
The graph below shows the volume of gas produced over time when the chemicals A, B and C are added.
time in seconds
60
(b)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) (i)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What is a catalyst?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Which of the three chemicals A, B and C is not a catalyst? (Give a reason for your choice)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Which of the three chemicals is the best catalyst? (Give a reason for your answer)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
How much of the compounds B and C should be recovered from the flasks after the experiment?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 17
(a)
om
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Why is it difficult to light coal, but coal dust in mines can cause explosions?
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(c)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 18
The graph below shows the volume of gas produced in an experiment over a period of time.
70
E
60
om
40
30
20
e.c
50
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Time/s
70
80
90
100
110
120
ma
(a)
(i)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Use the graph to estimate:
the volume of gas produced after 60 seconds.
ww
w.c
(b)
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the time taken for 30 cm3 of gas to be collected.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
If the experiment was repeated with a catalyst present, how much gas would you expect to collect
in total?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d)
(i)
If the experiment in (c) was repeated with twice as much catalyst, how much gas would you expect
to collect in total?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
Would the speed of collection of the gas be faster, slower or the same as in experiment (c)?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
QUESTIONSHEET 19
Name two pieces of apparatus which could be used to measure volumes of gases.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
om
(b)(i) If you were timing how long magnesium took to dissolve in different concentrations of acid,
what controls would you use to make sure the experiment was fair?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
Stop clock
alarm clock
egg timer
[1]
ma
Which of the following pieces of apparatus would be most suitable for weighing a marble chip?
(Underline the correct answer)
spring balance
he
[1]
ww
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(c)
kitchen clock
ctiv
(ii) Which of the following would be best for timing the reactions? (Underline the correct answer)
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTIONS
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
A _________ will speed up a chemical reaction without being permanently used up.
(vi)
om
(i)
e.c
he
ma
ctiv
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(ix)
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
66
0
He
H
Li
Be
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
Ca
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
(i)
e.c
(a)
Zn
om
Sc
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(i)
ma
(b)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Tetrachlormethane is a compound of carbon and chlorine. Write down the formula of tetrachloromethane.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Ammonia exists as molecules.
Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in ammonia.
[2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 2
When calcium carbonate (limestone) is heated it produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
(i)
CaO
________
[1]
om
(b)(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(ii) How many tonnes of calcium carbonate are needed to produce 280 tonnes of calcium oxide?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 6
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(a)
O2(g)
__MgO(s)
[1]
om
(b) Alison carefully reacted some magnesium with oxygen using the equipment below.
She made sure that all the magnesium had reacted.
tongs
e.c
lid
heat
ma
ctiv
crucible
coil of magnesium
ribbon
pipeclay triangle
= 40.1 g
= 44.9 g
= 48.1 g
he
ww
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TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 4
The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the effect of heat on copper(II) sulphate crystals.
heat
tube A
blue copper(ll)
sulphate crystals
tube B
om
cold water
(a)(i)
e.c
colourless liquid
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) How could you identify the colourless liquid in tube B as water?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
When 2.5 g of blue copper(II) sulphate crystals were heated, 1.6 g of white solid were left in tube A.
Calculate the mass of water driven off in the experiment.
he
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
The equation represents the change taking place on heating blue copper(II) sulphate crystals.
CuSO4.5H2O
CuSO4
5H2O
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(i)
sodium nitrate.
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in:
(i)
sodium nitrate.
ma
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) ammonium nitrate.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
(d)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 6
(a)
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) a compound of 50% oxygen and 50% sulphur.
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) a compound of 39% potassium, 1% hydrogen, 12% carbon and 48% oxygen.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b)
Find (i) the empirical formula and (ii) the molecular formula of a compound containing
4.04% hydrogen, 24.24% carbon and 71.72% chlorine, given the following information:
relative atomic masses: H=1, C=12, Cl=35.5
relative molecular mass of the compound = 99
(i)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 7
om
(a)
black
no change
solution of green salt
brown solid, gas which condenses to colourless liquid
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Identify the green salt.
e.c
(b)(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
(ii) What products would be formed when a solution of the green salt is electrolysed?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ma
(iii) How can the gas produced during electrolysis be identified by a chemical test?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(c)(i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Name the brown solid produced in the fourth test.
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name the liquid which condenses in the fourth test.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Write an equation for the reaction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) What is the role of hydrogen in this reaction?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 8
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the mass of BaCl2.xH2O.
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Calculate the mass of BaCl2 after heating.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Calculate the mass of water lost.
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) Calculate the percentage of water in the BaCl2.xH2O.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
What could be done to ensure that all the water had been lost?
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(c)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
Calculate the relative molecular masses of:
(i) BaCl2
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) H2O
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1, O = 16, Cl = 35.5, Ba = 137)
(d)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
decomposition
precipitation
combustion
oxidation
reduction
reversible
exothermic
endothermic
displacement
neutralisation
om
Write the correct word after each of the following descriptions of chemical reactions.
(a) two solutions are mixed together and form an insoluble product
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) a reaction in which oxygen is removed from one of the reactants
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) a reaction which takes in heat from the surroundings
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
(e) a single substance breaks down into two or more simpler ones
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
a substance loses electrons
ww
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(f)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g) one element takes the place of another in a compound
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(h) a substance burns in oxygen
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
When calcium oxide reacts with water it forms calcium hydroxide (slaked lime).
The reaction is exothermic.
(a) Explain what is meant by an exothermic reaction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
om
(b) The formula for a calcium ion is Ca2+ and that of a hydroxide ion is OH-.
Write down the formula for calcium hydroxide.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Write down one use of slaked lime.
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
(d) When slaked lime is dissolved in water, it produces a solution known as limewater.
It is possible to make a small amount of calcium carbonate from limewater.
Explain how this can be done.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
(f) The reactions described above are often put together in a diagram called the calcium cycle.
Explain the word cycle in this context.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
Solutions of different halogens were mixed with solutions of halide salts. The mixtures were shaken with some
organic solvent. Halogens dissolve better in the solvent than in water and give distinctive colours.
(chlorine - green, bromine - orange, iodine - violet)
Here are the results of some experiments.
halogen added
halide salt
A
B
C
D
E
F
chlorine
chlorine
bromine
bromine
iodine
iodine
potassium bromide
potassium iodide
potassium chloride
potassium iodide
potassium chloride
potassium bromide
colour after
shaking
orange
violet
orange
violet
violet
violet
e.c
om
experiment
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) In which experiments are no reactions taking place?
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) Write a word equation for experiment A.
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[2]
(e)
What do the experiments tell you about the relative reactivities of chlorine, bromine and iodide?
ww
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(d)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g) How would you expect chlorine to react with potassium fluoride?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 12
The table below gives information about the solubilities of a number of salts.
sodium
soluble
soluble
potassium
soluble
soluble
lead
insoluble
insoluble
barium
soluble
insoluble
nitrate
carbonate
soluble
soluble
soluble
soluble
soluble
insoluble
soluble
insoluble
calcium
soluble
slightly
soluble
soluble
insoluble
om
chloride
sulphate
(a)
What can you say about the solubility of sodium and potassium salts?
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What can you say about the solubility of lead salts?
ctiv
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Predict the products of the following reactions, underlining any precipitates.
(i)
ma
(d)
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ww
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Barium salts are poisonous, yet some X-ray patients have to drink barium sulphate.
Explain why they can do this without harming themselves.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
Five students wanted to find out what would happen when a certain compound was heated.
They found that a gas was given off, so they measured the mass of the gas lost.
Their results are shown below.
student
loss in mass (g)
volume of gas (cm3)
1
0.032
24
2
0.06
45
3
0.083
62
5
0.107
80
[4]
ctiv
ma
he
ww
w.c
e.c
om
4
0.09
75
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(b)
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[1]
e.c
(d)
om
(ii)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Describe a chemical test that can confirm the identity of the gas.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
tube
B
tube
D
tube
C
om
oil
cotton wool
(a) (i)
boiled and
cooled water
calcium
chloride
e.c
distilled
water
salt
solution
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Why does the steel not rust in the other two tubes?
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
In which tube will the rusting occur fastest?
Explain your answer.
he
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
(d)
cutlery
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) car bodies
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
Zinc metal can be extracted from the mineral zinc blende (zinc sulphide)
Stage 1 - zinc blende heated in air to produce zinc oxide.
Stage 2 - zinc oxide reacted with sulphuric acid to make a solution containing zinc ions.
Stage 3 - zinc metal is obtained by electrolysis of the solution.
The zinc extracted is used to coat other metals and in alloys.
(a)
om
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Name the metal that zinc is often used to protect.
e.c
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) (i)
Apart from zinc oxide, what other product is formed when zinc blende is heated in air?
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What type of reaction occurs when zinc oxide reacts with sulphuric acid?
ww
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(d)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
Zinc can also be extracted from zinc oxide by heating it with coke.
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction between zinc oxide and coke.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What type of reaction involves the removal of oxygen?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
No
Yes
Does it give off
carbon dioxide
when heated?
Is it green?
Yes
No
sodium
carbonate
Yes
No
copper
carbonate
ammonium
carbonate
No
sodium
hydrogencarbonate
magnesium
carbonate
Yes
calcium
carbonate
Which soluble compound gives off carbon dioxide, but gives no smell?
ctiv
(a) (i)
No
e.c
Yes
om
Does it give a
red flame test?
Does it smell of
ammonia when
heated?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What type of substance will react with any carbonate or hydrogencarbonate to produce carbon dioxide?
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Only one carbonate in the key produces no carbon dioxide when heated.
Which one?
Tablets for upset stomachs often contain citric acid and magnesium carbonate.
Describe and explain what happens when these tablets are added to water.
ww
w.c
(b)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 17
quicklime
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) limestone
(b)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Heat is required for the reaction to take place.
What name is given to reactions which take in heat?
(c)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
James investigated this reaction. He heated a piece of limestone on the edge of a gauze.
Describe what he saw.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Before the rotating kiln was invented, each batch of limestone had to be heated separately.
Suggest one advantage that the rotating kiln has over the older method.
ww
w.c
(d)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a)
om
hydrochloric
acid
[3]
What result would they see if the gas was carbon dioxide?
ctiv
(ii)
e.c
sea shells
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
substance
sodium chloride
potassium chloride
calcium chloride
copper chloride
colour of flame
yellow
pink
red
green
ww
w.c
(i)
ma
he
(b)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) How is the test wire cleaned between each test?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The shells turned the flame a red colour.
(iii) Which metal is in the seashells?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Use the results of the two tests to select the chemical name of the substance from which seashells are
made from the list below.
sodium chloride
sodium carbonate
calcium carbonate
calcium chloride
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 19
Ethanol
C2H5OH
Kalium hydrogen
sulfat
KHSO4
ma
(a)
e.c
Phosphorsaure
H3PO4
ctiv
Zinc
Zn
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
(ii) What gas is formed when this element is added to dilute sulphuric acid?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a)
The diagram shows a cross section through a type of blast furnace, which was used in the Iron Age.
IRON +CHARCOAL
om
CHARCOAL
IRON
FORMED
HERE
e.c
(i)
ctiv
CLAY
The charcoal is the fuel for the furnace. Charcoal is mainly carbon.
Write an equation for the burning of charcoal in a plentiful supply of air.
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Some carbon monoxide may also be formed.
Why is this undesirable?
The iron ore is reduced to iron when the furnace gets hot enough.
(i)
ww
w.c
(b)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name a substance that is oxidised in the process.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
The boxes represent particles of different gases. One box shows the particles of elements in group 0 (group 8).
om
(a) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name two elements from group 0.
(b) (i)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Which box best represents particles from group 0 elements?
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
A lighted splint is put into a gas jar of helium. What would happen?
he
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Some properties of elements change as you go down their group in the periodic table. For each property
listed below, comment on if and how it changes as you go down group 0.
(i)
reactivity
ww
w.c
(d)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) density
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) metal or non-metal
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
Which would be the best method to distinguish between different samples of group 0 gases?
Choose from the list below:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 2
x
x
x
xx
x
x
xx
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
xx
om
(a) (i)
xx
x
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give reasons for your choice.
e.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Sodium is in group 1 of the periodic table. How can you tell this from its electron structure?
(b) (i)
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
What is an ion?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
K+
ma
(ii) Potassium is also in group 1 of the periodic table. What is the symbol for the potassium ion?
Choose from:
K2+
K-
K2-
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
Group 1 elements are stored in oil. Suggest the reason for this.
ww
w.c
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d)
A small piece of potassium is taken out of its bottle and cut. The surface is silver coloured and shiny,
but after a few minutes it looked dull and white. A chemical reaction had taken place.
(i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the name of the substance formed on the outside of potassium?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Write a word equation for the reaction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(a) (i)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Which group in the periodic table does lithium belong to?
ctiv
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
(iii) How many electrons are there in the outside shell of the chlorine?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Use a dot and cross diagram to explain how lithium and chlorine react together. Show only the
electrons in the outer shell.
ww
w.c
(c)
(d)
[3]
Will the reaction be more reactive or less reactive than with lithium?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the common name of the product?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 4
The diagram below shows the arrangement of particles in a crystal of sodium chloride.
Key
+
Each particle has a charge. What type of particles have a charge?
Choose from:
atoms, molecules, ions.
om
(a) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(ii) In sodium chloride what is the name of the particle with the positive charge?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
(iii) What is the name of the particle with the negative charge?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) What holds the particles together?
The table below gives some information about sodium and chlorine. Complete the table.
symbol
Sodium
Na
Chlorine
(c)
electron
arrangement
number of
electrons in
outside shell
number of
electron shells
periodic table
group number
2.8.1
(i)
(iii)
(v)
ww
w.c
element
he
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
(iv)
(vi)
C1
2.8.7
[6]
why sodium chloride has positively and negatively charged particles. (Use dot and cross diagrams to
help your explanation.)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [5]
(ii) why the formula for sodium chloride is NaC1.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 16
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(a) (i)
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(ii) Iodine is the same group of the periodic table as chlorine. Give a use of iodine.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Chlorine and iodine are in group 7 of the periodic table. What name is given to group 7 elements?
ctiv
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Is iodine a metal or non-metal?
The atomic number of chlorine is 17. What does this tell you?
ww
w.c
(c) (i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The electron arrangement of chlorine is 2.8.7. How many electron shells does it have?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Iodine has five electron shells. How many electrons are in the outer shell of iodine?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) The symbol for chlorine is C1, iodine is I and sodium Na. Chlorine combines with sodium to make
sodium chloride, NaC1. Iodine also reacts with sodium. What will be the name and formula of the
compound formed?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 6
Emma takes a photograph of a friend. Her friend tells her that the film is coated with silver bromide which is
sensitive to light. Silver bromide can be made by reacting silver nitrate with sodium bromide. The chemical
reaction can be represented as:
ctiv
(a) (i)
e.c
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give another reaction which is affected by light energy.
(b) (i)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Is silver bromide soluble in water?
(c) (i)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Suggest what would happen if a sample of silver iodide were left in the light.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Silver iodide can be made in a similar way to silver bromide. Write an ionic equation to show this
reaction. Include the state symbols.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(a) (i)
C1
37
17
C1
What name is given to atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers?
om
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Why do the atoms have different mass numbers?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(iii) What two things does the number 17 tell you about the structure of a chlorine atom?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) Calculate the number of neutrons in an atom of chlorine-35.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b)
A sample of chlorine is found to have a mass of 35.5. Explain why it is not a whole number.
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(c) (i)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
A small amount of sodium was burnt in samples of chlorine-35 and chlorine-37. What difference,
if any, would you expect between the reactions?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 8
The table below shows the elements on the third period. Sample of each of the elements were burnt in oxygen
and the oxides formed were tested to see whether they were acids or bases.
(a) (i)
12
Mg
magnesium
24
13
A1
aluminium
27
14
Si
silicon
28
15
P
phosphorus
31
16
S
sulphur
32
17
C1
chlorine
35.5
18
Ar
argon
40
om
11
Na
sodium
23
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(ii) The element with atomic number 10 is neon. Explain in terms of electron arrangement why a new
period starts after neon.
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) (i)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What trend do you notice about metallic properties as you go across the period?
(c) (i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Oxygen is in group 6. What does this tell you about the number of electrons in the outside shell?
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write down formulae for the oxides of sodium, magnesium and aluminium.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 9
Farah has balloons filled with three different gases. The symbols for the gases are written on each balloon.
She lets go of the balloons. The diagram shows what happens.
He
Ne
om
Ar
(b) (i)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Predict what would happen to a balloon filled with krypton.
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
(c) (i)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[1]
(ii) Explain how the electron structure is related to the chemical properties of helium.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) (i)
Helium is often used to fill balloons. Give two reasons why this is a good choice.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Neon, argon and krypton are used to fill light bulbs. Give a reason for this.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 10
John has three bottles containing salts. One contains sodium chloride, one lithium chloride and one potassium
chloride, but the labels have come off.
B
C
Sodium, potassium and lithium all belong to the same group of the periodic table. What is the group
number?
e.c
(a) (i)
om
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the name of the group?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
John needs to put the correct labels on the bottles. He does a flame test. Describe exactly how he does
the flame test.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
(b)
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) John puts his results in a table. Look at the table and fill in the names of the salts.
Bottle
Colour of flame
Yellow
Red
Lilac
Name of salt
[3]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 11
The table below gives information about some of the elements in group 7.
Symbol
Atomic No.
Melting point
(oC)
Boiling point
(oC)
Appearance
chlorine
C1
17
-101
-34
greenish gas
bromine
Br
35
-7
58
red liquid
iodine
53
114
183
black solid
(a) (i)
om
Element
Put the three elements in the table in their order of reactivity, with the most reactive first.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
e.c
(ii) Which property in the table above indicated the order of reactivity for group 7 elements?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
How many electrons are in the outside shell of a chlorine atom?
ctiv
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ma
(ii) Does the element chlorine usually exist as free atoms, molecules or ions?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
..............................................................................................................................................................................
(c)
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
Fluorine is also in group 7. Its atomic number is 9.
(i)
[2]
(ii) Would you expect fluorine to be a solid, liquid or gas at room temperature?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Predict what its melting point would be.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d)
A sample of bromine is put in a test tube in a water bath at 60 oC. Suggest what will happen to it.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 12
e.c
(a) (i)
om
Abdul adds some silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution to a sodium chloride (NaC1) solution. He notices a white
precipitate. He leaves the test tube in bright sunlight. The precipitate went dark.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is meant by precipitate?
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Write a word equation for the reaction.
he
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
Abdul adds some silver nitrate to three more solutions, A, B and C. He puts the results in a table.
Put a tick in the column if there was a halide present.
solution
observation
A
B
C
no reaction
pale yellow precipitate
yellow precipitate
observation after
leaving in sunlight
no change
went dark
went dark
[2]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
Below is the first part of the periodic table, giving the elements with their atomic numbers.
0
H
1
Sc
21
Ti
22
V
23
Cr
24
Mn
25
Fe
26
Co
27
Ni
28
Cu
29
Zn
30
III
B
5
Al
13
Ga
31
IV
C
6
Si
14
Ge
32
V
N
7
P
15
As
33
om
(a) (i)
II
Be
4
Mg
12
Ca
20
VI
O
8
S
16
Se
34
VII
F
9
Cl
17
Br
35
He
2
Ne
10
Ar
18
Kr
36
What is the name given to the group between atomic number 21 and 30?
e.c
I
Li
3
Na
11
K
19
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What do the following symbols stand for?
ma
Fe:
Zn:
Cu:
..............................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(i)
he
melting point
1535
boiling point
2750
relative density
7.87
97.5
892
0.97
ww
w.c
(b)
Which element is from the group between atomic numbers 21 and 30?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Using the properties in the table, suggest which elements would be most suitable for making a
kettle. Give a reason for your answer.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Element number 22 is called titanium. From its position in the periodic table predict three properties
you would expect it to have. Put a tick in the box by one property from each pair in the list below.
soft
can be pulled out to make a wire
dull surface that cannot be polished
hard
breaks easily when pulled
shiny surface that can be polished
[3]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 14
Copper is a transition element. Name another element from this part of the periodic table.
e.c
(a) (i)
om
Saima heated some copper(II) carbonate (CuCO3) in a test tube. She noticed that the green copper carbonate
changed to a black powder. A gas also came off which she passed through a liquid, A.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
(iii) Describe what Saima saw happening in A.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
he
........................................................................................................................................................................ [1]
What is the name of the black powder formed?
ww
w.c
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Saima thinks that a chemical reaction has taken place. Give two pieces of evidence to support
her idea.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Write a word equation for the reaction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
Saima heated two more carbonates, zinc carbonate and sodium carbonate. She put her results in the
table below.
(i)
substance
white solid
white solid
no
white solid
yes
om
(c)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain the reason for your choice.
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Explain why no gas was given off with A.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ww
w.c
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 15
Three jars containing metal salts have lost their labels. One contains a salt of copper, one a salt of
iron(II) and one a salt of iron(III). They can be distinguished by testing with sodium hydroxide solution.
om
(a) (i)
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i)
ctiv
..............................................................................................................................................................................
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) (i)
colour of precipitate
blue
ww
w.c
salt
A
B
C
he
(ii) The table shows the results of testing the three salts with sodium hydroxide.
Complete the table.
metal ion in salt
iron(II)
brown
[2]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the symbol for the hydroxide ion?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Write a balanced ionic equation to show the reaction between iron(II) ions and hydroxide ions.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 16
The table below shows the second and third periods of the periodic table.
II
III
IV
VI
VII
3
Li
lithium
7
4
Be
beryllium
9
5
B
boron
11
6
C
carbon
12
7
N
nitrogen
14
8
O
oxygen
16
9
F
fluorine
19
10
Ne
neon
20
11
Na
sodium
23
12
Mg
magnesium
24
13
A1
aluminium
27
14
Si
silicon
28
15
P
phosphorus
31
16
S
sulphur
32
17
C1
chlorine
35.5
18
Ar
argon
40
(a) (i)
om
The first period is not shown. How many elements are in the first period?
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What does the period number tell you about the arrangement of electrons in the atom?
(b) (i)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Find carbon in the table. Which period is it in?
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What does the group number tell you about the structure of the carbon atom?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) (i)
There are two numbers, 6 and 12, in the box with carbon. 6 is the atomic number. What two things
does the atomic number 6 tells you about an atom of carbon?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) What is the number 12 called?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) What does the number 12 tell you about the structure of an atom of carbon?
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 17
Below are the first 36 elements in the periodic table with their atomic numbers.
0
H
1
Sc
21
Ti
22
V
23
Cr
24
Mn
25
Fe
26
Co
27
Ni
28
Cu
29
Zn
30
III
B
5
Al
13
Ga
31
IV
C
6
Si
14
Ge
32
V
N
7
P
15
As
33
VI
O
8
S
16
Se
34
VII
F
9
Cl
17
Br
35
He
2
Ne
10
Ar
18
Kr
36
a metal
e.c
(a)
II
Be
4
Mg
12
Ca
20
om
I
Li
3
Na
11
K
19
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
(ii) a gas
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) a transition element
he
(b)
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) How many electron shells does it have?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) How many electrons are there in its outside shell?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c)
(Continued...)
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(d) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the main chemical property of group 0 elements?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
om
(iii) How does their electron arrangement explain this chemical property?
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 18
e.c
(a)
om
Group one elements react with water and a gas is given off.
Lithium, potassium and rubidium were put in separate troughs of water, A, B and C. The diagrams show the
reactions.
A fizzed gently and a gas was given off. B reacted violently, burst into flames and cracked the trough.
C reacted vigorously and burst into flames.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) The element in C was:
ma
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b)
he
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
The gas coming off in A was collected in a test tube and tested with a lighted splint.
What happened?
ww
w.c
(c)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the name of the gas?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d)
Will the reaction be more or less vigorous than that with lithium?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What are the names of the products of the reaction?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e)
Group 1 elements are called alkali metals. Suggest the reason for this.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 19
(a) (i)
om
Iron and copper are both transition elements. They can both be used to make pans.
Give two physical properties of most transition elements that make them suitable for pans.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
e.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Why is copper not often used for pans?
ctiv
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Copper is often used for electric wires. Give two properties of copper that make copper a good
choice for this use.
ma
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
he
Give one property of iron that makes it good to use for cars.
ww
w.c
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Give one property of iron that makes it unsuitable for planes.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i)
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Platinum is used as a catalyst in catalytic converters in cars.
Where in the periodic table would you expect to find platinum?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) (i)
Copper and iron both form ions with non-metals. What type of ions do they form?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write the symbols for a copper(II) ion and an iron(III) ion.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
TOTAL / 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 20
The following diagram shows part of the periodic table in which letters represent some elements.
(These are not chemical symbols)
om
C
D
II
III
IV
VI
VII
he
ma
ctiv
ww
w.c
(i)
e.c
You may use each letter once, more than once or not at all in this question.
TOTAL / 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
change pH to 7
(ii)
burette/measuring cylinder/syringe
(i)
1g
(ii)
30/10
=3g
1
1
(iii)
(c)
om
(b)
(i)
6 g in 100g
no
e.c
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
magnesium
zinc
nickel
copper
ma
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 2
1
1
TOTAL 8
(c)
(i)
hydrogen
(ii)
(i)
magnesium chloride
(ii)
ionic
(iii)
ww
w.c
(b)
he
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
sodium + oxygen sodium oxide
(ii)
Na2O
(iii)
solid
(iv)
purple
(i)
O2
(g) 2
(ii)
(iii)
ctiv
e.c
(b)
(i)
om
(a)
QUESTIONSHEET 4
covalent
(ii)
(ii)
(iii)
ammonium chloride
(iii)
(b)
ww
w.c
TOTAL 9
ma
(i)
he
(a)
(i)
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(c)
carbon dioxide
limewater turns milky/white/cloudy
1
1
(ii)
calcium sulphate
(i)
increases
(ii)
1
1
(i)
hydrogen
(ii)
(iii)
ma
bromophenol blue
(ii)
he
(i)
ww
w.c
(b)
1
2
1
TOTAL 10
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 6
(a)
om
(b)
(i)
e.c
(a)
4
1
2
TOTAL 7
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(a)
calcium hydroxide
(b)
8 5 10 5 125
= 10 000 g/10 kg
1
1
(c)
(i)
(ii)
1
1
1
(d)
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 8
(a)
(b)
1
1
A 10 / 2 = 5
B is greater
1
1
om
B 50 / 5 = 10
e.c
(c)
12
(ii)
lemon juice
(iii)
7
red or orange
(b)
1
1
1
1
(i)
(ii)
neutralisation
(iii)
water
he
(c)
ma
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 9
TOTAL 7
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 10
1
(b)
(i)
neutralisation
(ii)
2
CO2
(i)
(ii)
turns milky/white/cloudy
(iii)
24 + 12 + (16 5 3)
= 84
ctiv
e.c
(c)
om
green
(a)
QUESTIONSHEET 11
(c)
TOTAL 9
(ii)
neutralisation
(iii)
(i)
hydrogen ion/H
(ii)
hydroxide ion/OH-
(iii)
H+ + OH- H2O
(i)
it is corrosive
(ii)
ma
burette
he
(b)
1
1
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 12
1
(ii)
hydrogen
(i)
blue/purple
(ii)
hydroxide ion
(i)
(ii)
sodium sulphate
(iii)
2NaOH
2H2O
(d)
om
(c)
red
e.c
(b)
(i)
a fertiliser
ctiv
(a)
he
(a)
2
1
TOTAL 9
ma
QUESTIONSHEET 13
(ii)
sulphur dioxide
(c)
(d)
limestone is a carbonate
acids react with carbonates
1
1
ww
w.c
(i)
(b)
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 14
A
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
e.c
om
(a)
MgCO3
calcium carbonate fizzes
(b)
MgCl2
TOTAL 7
1
2
1
1
1
(ii)
(i)
0.7 5 16 =
1.2 5 11 =
0.6 5 7.5 =
0.4 5 22 =
(ii)
magnesium hydroxide
cheapest
no gas given off
11.2 p
13.2 p
4.5 p
8.8 p
he
(d)
(i)
ww
w.c
(c)
ma
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 15
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 16
(b)
(i)
(ii)
substance A
very high pH dangerous
1
1
(iii)
a carbonate
(i)
seasoning
preserving foods
1
1
(ii)
two from:
sodium carbonate, chlorine, sodium, sodium hydrogencarbonate
om
(a)
e.c
vinegar is acid
ammonia is alkaline
they neutralise the stings
(c)
ma
(b)
he
ww
w.c
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 17
2
1
TOTAL 9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a)
field C
(b)
B beans, leek
(c)
C potato
field C
1
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 19
(a)
MgSO4
(b)
2
2
2
(c)
om
TOTAL 8
he
ma
ctiv
seven/7
neutral/ neutralised
hydrogen/ hydrogen ions
carbon dioxide
ethanoic acid
lemons/car batteries/nettles etc
sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide/ammonia etc
corrosive
ww
w.c
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
e.c
QUESTIONSHEET 20
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
(a)
(b)
oxygen 2 6 (0)
sulphur 2 8 6
1
1
(i)
8P
8N
(i)
1
1
CFCs/chlorofluorocarbons
(NOT aerosols, fridges etc as these are not substances)
ctiv
e.c
lose 6 electrons
gain 2 electrons
(ii)
he
QUESTIONSHEET 2
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
ww
w.c
(a)
1
1
(ii)
ma
(c)
om
correct nucleus
correct electronic arrangement
(b)
energy
2
3
number of electrons
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(a)
(i)
1
1
(ii)
protons 20
neutrons 20
electrons 20
1
1
1
(b)
electrons
0
2
23
54
36
om
neutrons
0
5
30
74
45
(a)
he
10P
12N
TOTAL 13
ww
w.c
(b)
mark each
rounded to whole number
ma
QUESTIONSHEET 4
10P
10N
ctiv
e.c
protons
1
4
26
53
34
1
1
1
90/100 20 = 18
10/100 22 = 2.2
relative atomic mass = 18 + 2.2 = 20.2
(correct answer alone scores 3)
1
1
1
Note: that the answer alone scores full marks. Always show working as an incorrect
answer with no working will score zero. Correct working will gain some marks.
(c)
1
1
1
TOTAL
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(d)
(ii)
argon
(i)
20
(ii)
Calcium ion/Ca2+
(i)
1/ one
(ii)
20
(i)
7/ seven
(ii)
37
om
(c)
18
1
1
e.c
(b)
(i)
TOTAL 8
ctiv
(a)
QUESTIONSHEET 6
13 protons 11 neutrons
13 electrons
1
1
(b)
1
1
(c)
1
1
(d)
25/100 24 = 6
75/100 28 = 21
6 + 21 = 27
(correct answer alone scores 3)
1
1
1
ww
w.c
he
ma
(a)
Note: that the answer alone scores full marks. Always show working as an incorrect answer with no
working will score zero. Correct working will gain some marks.
(e)
aluminium/Al
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
B
E
A
F
A
B & C/C & B
D & E/E & D/D & F/F & D
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
om
TOTAL 7
QUESTIONSHEET 8
(ii)
2,8,7
(i)
1
1
1
1
(ii)
Ca2+, Cl
(iii)
CaCl2
ww
w.c
he
(c)
e.c
2,8,8,2
ctiv
(b)
(i)
ma
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 11
QUESTIONSHEET 9
(a)
(b)
(c)
covalent
(i)
1
1
(ii)
1
1
free electrons
move along the layers
1
1
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 10
regular pattern of ions
tightly packed
free electrons
hold structure together
(All four marks could be obtained from a clearly labelled diagram)
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
+
+
-
1
1
1
1
+
-
+
-
om
Positively charged
metal ions
e.c
(a)
Electrons
(ii)
(c)
1
1
(d)
alloy
(a)
(b)
(i)
2,8,1
(ii)
2,8,7
(i)
Na+
(ii)
Cl
(c)
(d)
(e)
NaCl
ma
ww
w.c
QUESTIONSHEET 11
ctiv
(i)
he
(b)
1
1
TOTAL 10
1
1
1
1
1
(i)
(ii)
melt it
(i)
(ii)
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 12
(ii)
1
1
(iii)
1
1
(iv)
1
1
(v)
(i)
ionic
(ii)
(i)
I-
(ii)
Sr2+
(iii)
SrI2
ctiv
e.c
om
1
1
ma
(c)
he
(b)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 16
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 13
(b)
(i)
simple molecular
(ii)
giant atomic
(iii)
simple molecular
(iv)
giant metallic
(v)
giant ionic
om
(a)
Co2+
Co2+
Co2+
Co2+
Co2+
Co2+
Co2+
Co2+
Co2+
Co2+
Sea of electrons
ctiv
Co2+
e.c
(c)
ma
Co2+
1
1
TOTAL 8
ww
w.c
he
QUESTIONSHEET 14
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
Note: that you may use each atom once, more than once or not at all. This is sometimes stated on the
question paper. Students often go wrong by thinking that they must use all the alternatives at
some point in the answer.
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 15
4
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(iii)
positive/+/+12
(c) (i)
(ii)
2,8,2
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
two/2/II
has two electrons in outer shell
1
1
three/3/III
outer electrons in third shell/energy level
1
1
ww
w.c
(ii)
12
he
protons
neutrons
ma
nucleus
(ii)
(b) (i)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 16
(a) (i)
om
(i)
e.c
(a)
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 17
(a)
K2O
(ii)
MgO
(iii)
Al2O3
(i)
FeO
Fe2O3
1
1
(ii)
e.c
om
(b)
(i)
QUESTIONSHEET 18
sodium sulphate
(iii)
sodium hydrogencarbonate
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
ctiv
(ii)
ma
(c)
sodium chloride
he
(b)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
TOTAL 6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 19
e.c
om
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 20
sodium
Na
23
11
12
he
magnesium
Mg
24
12
12
ww
w.c
neon
Ne
20
10
10
ma
TOTAL 13
nitrogen
N
14
7
7
carbon
C
12
6
6
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 1
(i)
1
1
(ii)
1
1
evaporation
(i)
H
(ii)
(e)
1
1
QUESTIONSHEET 2
TOTAL 12
(i)
(ii)
as a conductor
(b)
(c)
2H2 + O2 2H2O
(one for formulae, one for balancing)
(d)
1
1
(e)
solar cell
ww
w.c
(a)
e.c
(d)
ctiv
(c)
om
1
1
ma
(b)
he
(a)
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
6H2O
+ 6CO2
1
1
(ii)
31 200 100/2
= 1 560 000 J or 1560 kJ
1
1
om
(a)
(a)
(i)
e.c
QUESTIONSHEET 4
solution
ctiv
energy
ma
crystals
time
1
1
1
(ii)
1
1
1
(i)
(ii)
1
1
ww
w.c
(b)
he
energy taken in
from surroundings
TOTAL 6
TOTAL 10
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(a)
1
1
(b)
1
1
TOTAL 4
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 6
(a)
1
1
1
(b)
Exothermic
(c)
H2 +I2
om
energy
e.c
2HI
(b)
Moles =
10
0.1 = 0.001
1000
= 1 10-3
ma
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(d)
1000 (a)
= 1260 kJ
ww
w.c
he
(c)
TOTAL 7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
QUESTIONSHEET 8
(a)
(i)
1
1
(ii)
2 H-Br/2 366
= 732
1
1
(iii)
1
1
(b)
(c)
1
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 9
to find out how much fuel was used
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
1
1
(i)
12oC/g
(ii)
propanol
propanol is bigger molecule
contains more carbon
om
(b)
(i)
e.c
(a)
(b)
TOTAL 9
1
1
(i)
1
1
(ii)
Exothermic
ma
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 10
1
1
1
ww
w.c
he
(c)
1
2
TOTAL 7
QUESTIONSHEET 11
(a)
(b)
(i)
open
(ii)
(i)
hydrogen
carbon
carbon dioxide
water
(ii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 12
exothermic
heat is given out/ temperature rises
(ii)
17oC
(iii)
paraffin
(iv)
(b)
oxygen
(c)
ctiv
e.c
(d)
(i)
om
(a)
QUESTIONSHEET 13
2
1
TOTAL 9
ethanol
smallest temperature rises
(b)
1
1
(c)
100 4.2 39
= 16380 J for 1.0 g
for 2.0 g: 16380 2 = 32760 J (=32.76 kJ)
1
1
1
ww
w.c
he
ma
(a)
1
1
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 14
energy
reactants
activation energy
(a)
(b)
(ii)
32 g O2 reacts with 48 g Mg
8 g O2 reacts with 12 g Mg
8 g O2 occupies 6 dm3
1
1
1
ctiv
e.c
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
exothermic
(ii)
C-H
O=O
(ii)
(iii)
C=O
H-O
ww
w.c
(i)
he
(i)
(iii)
(b)
QUESTIONSHEET 15
(a)
(i)
ma
(c)
om
products
2
bonds formed = C=O + 4 H-O
energy out = (2 803) + (4 464)
1
1
1
1
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 16
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
om
TOTAL 5
thermometer
(ii)
57 19 = 38
(iii)
(b)
exothermic
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
Two from
state of health, age, type of job
1
1
(i)
1
1
(ii)
(iii)
eat less
take exercise
1
1
(b)
(c)
ww
w.c
QUESTIONSHEET 18
ma
(c)
ctiv
(i)
he
(a)
e.c
QUESTIONSHEET 17
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
ENERGETICS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 19
(c)
(d)
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
om
(b)
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(c)
(i)
1
1
1
1
(ii)
(iii)
ma
ctiv
he
(b)
TOTAL 8
Three from
lights easily, easy to store, safe to store, continues to burn, no pollution
ww
w.c
(a)
e.c
(a)
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 1
proteins /amino acids
(b)
(i)
23 + 14 + (3 16) = 85
(ii)
(i)
air
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(e)
e.c
(d)
ctiv
(c)
om
(a)
sulphuric acid
(g)
ww
w.c
he
ma
(f)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 2
provides raw materials to make useful products
provides jobs for people
adds valuable income to the local community
1
1
1
(b)
THREE from :
-removes a mineral that cannot be replaced
-damages habitats of plants and/or animals
-spoilheaps produced that are unsightly
-named form of pollution from mining eg.noise/more lorries/dust
(ii)
CaCO3 : 100
CaO : 56
CO2 : 44
(i)
168 tonnes
3,000 tonnes
1680 tonnes
marked consequentially on the masses given in (c)
(e)
ctiv
ma
(ii)
e.c
(s) = solid
(g) = gas
glass making / cement making / building material / neutralising agent for soils
he
(d)
(i)
ww
w.c
(c)
om
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 3
anode correctly labelled electrode on left
(b)
1
1
(c)
(d)
(e)
hydrogen
(i)
solution is alkaline
(ii)
sodium hydroxide
e.c
(f)
om
(a)
1
1
FIVE from :
- run cell with known concentration of salt solution
- measure volume of gas collected after specified time/ time how long to collect a specified volume of gas
- repeat experiment with weaker/stronger concentration of salt solution
- use same volume of solution
- use same electrodes
- use same current
5
(h)
ww
w.c
he
ma
ctiv
(g)
1
1
TOTAL 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 4
(a)
Al3+
O2-
1
1
(b)
(c)
1
1
Al3+ + 3e-
(ii)
1
1
1
1
1
(i)
United Kingdom
(ii)
TWO from:
- large amount of electricity not available
- money for construction of plant not available
- lack of suitable trained workforce
ctiv
e.c
method of extraction from the ores is related to a metal's position in the reactivity series
metals at the top of the series need more energy than those lower down
ma
(f)
he
(e)
Al
om
(i)
ww
w.c
(d)
2
TOTAL 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 5
CO2
(a)
C + O2
(b)
sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen in the air and dissolves in water
forming sulphuric acid or 'acid rain'
making the soil too acidic and damages the roots of the trees/
rain water is very acidic and attacks or damages leaves
1
1
(i)
neutralisation
(ii)
CaO : 56
SO2 : 64
1
1
(iii)
32 / 64 56 = 28 tonnes
if incorrect, 1 mark is given for the fraction
mark consequentially on answers to (ii)
(iv)
TWO from :
-do not want sulphur dioxide to escape so best to have excess calcium oxide
-would be difficult to ensure thorough mixing of reactants
-impurities may be present in calcium oxide / may be impure
(i)
(ii)
sulphur trioxide
(iii)
sulphuric acid
om
e.c
ctiv
ma
he
(d)
ww
w.c
(c)
TOTAL 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 6
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
70 %
(ii)
(iii)
om
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
ctiv
(e)
ma
(d)
(i)
he
(c)
ww
w.c
(b)
+ 189 kJ
e.c
(a)
TOTAL 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 7
amount or percentage of copper present is very small
(b)
1
1
(c)
1
1
1
1
1
1
(ii)
2e-
(iii)
(iv)
1
1
QUESTIONSHEET 8
ctiv
1
1
TOTAL 15
(i)
1.03%
(ii)
oxygen
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
fractional distillation
argon
oxygen
(c)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
1
1
(e)
ww
w.c
(a)
ma
(e)
e.c
(i)
he
(d)
om
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 9
1
(i)
NO
(ii)
O2
(iii)
NO2
(c)
platinum
(d)
(e)
1
1
1
(ii)
neutralisation
(iii)
1
1
(iv)
10% nitrogen
5% potassium
no phosphorus is present
1
1
1
ma
ctiv
(i)
he
(f)
ww
w.c
(b)
om
air
e.c
(a)
1
1
TOTAL 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 10
iron
(b)
3H2
2NH3
1
1
(c)
(i)
1
1
(ii)
temperature 300oC
(iii)
line drawn between 300oC and 500oC lines and is closer to 300oC line
Two from:
- more expensive plant or pipelines as they need to be thicker/stronger
- greater risk of explosion / greater danger to workforce
- higher power costs for compressor
e.c
(e)
ctiv
(d)
om
(a)
(g)
1
1
(h)
recycled
ww
w.c
he
ma
(f)
TOTAL 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 11
(b)
(c)
haematite/magnetite
(i)
1
1
(ii)
oxygen is removed
(i)
CaCO3
(ii)
CaO + CO2
2
1
om
(a)
molten iron
slag
(e)
(f)
THREE from :
-near to supply of coal/coke or near to coalfield
-near to a port for import of ore
-good communication links eg. good road or rail links
-availability of skilled workforce
steel
girders for construction / motor car bodies / shipbuilding
1
1
ctiv
ma
he
ww
w.c
(g)
e.c
(d)
1
1
1
TOTAL 15
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 12
(a)
THREE from :
- high demand reduces the Earth's resources
- more fuel burnt that adds to atmospheric pollution/greenhouse effect/increase in
carbon dioxide levels
- bauxite ore will run out/is a non-renewable resource
- problems involved in more recycling to meet the increased demand
- more waste produced from purification of bauxite
- more land used to build HEP plants to meet electricity demand
(ii)
(i)
Al3+
(ii)
3e-
Al
ma
ctiv
he
(d)
(i)
ww
w.c
(c)
e.c
om
(b)
TWO from :
- large amount of impurities present in ore/
only one tonne of metal formed from every 4 tonnes of ore
- large amounts of energy required in the extraction process/ uses large amounts of electricity
- special equipment required to cope with the high temperatures involved
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 13
(i)
oxygen
(ii)
vanadium(V) oxide
(iii)
water
(iv)
(s)
(v)
(vi)
O2 (g)
om
ctiv
e.c
QUESTIONSHEET 14
(c)
TOTAL 9
(iii)
(i)
1
1
1
ma
(ii)
(ii)
2 (l)
N2 (1)
sulphuric acid
he
(b)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
TOTAL 8
QUESTIONSHEET 15
(a)
(b)
(i)
(I) coke
(II) limestone
1
1
(ii)
slag
(i)
carbon monoxide
(ii)
256 + 3 16
=160
1
1
(iii)
1
1
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 16
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
oxide O2
(i)
(ii)
(i)
conducts heat
(ii)
conducts electricity
(iii)
om
QUESTIONSHEET 17
(b)
1
1
1
TOTAL 11
(ii)
1
1
(iii)
carbon
(i)
(ii)
he
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
e.c
(c)
cost of electricity
ctiv
(b)
(i)
ma
(a)
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 18
1
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
Two from:
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
om
(c)
carbon
e.c
(b)
(i)
QUESTIONSHEET 19
ctiv
(a)
2
1
TOTAL 8
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
strong smell
alkaline/ red litmus paper turns blue
1
1
(i)
ammonium nitrate
(ii)
he
ww
w.c
(f)
ma
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(ii)
Two from:
on roads in winter, seasoning, preserving food, glazing earthenware, curing bacon
(i)
strong alkali
(ii)
Two from:
soap, paper, dyes, rayon
om
gas
bleach
(ii)
Two from:
treating water, swimming pools, making plastics, dyes, hydrochloric acid, solvents,
refrigerants,bleaches
ctiv
e.c
(i)
ma
(c)
sodium chloride
he
(b)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
1
1
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
voltmeter
(b)
1
1
1
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
e.c
ma
D
A
B
C
(2 for all correct, 1 for one mistake)
A = magnesium
B = iron
C = platinum
D = calcium
(4 correct 3 marks, 3 correct 2 marks
2 correct 1 mark)
(c)
ww
w.c
he
(b)
TOTAL 8
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 2
(a)
om
(a)
(i)
2 HCl
(ii)
1
1
(iii)
magnesium nitrate
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(ii)
no reaction
(iii)
reaction
magnesium sulphate + zinc
1
1
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
magnesium circled
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
QUESTIONSHEET 4
TOTAL 12
lithium
barium
magnesium
aluminium
all correct 2 marks, 2 correct 1 mark
ww
w.c
(b)
solution
aluminium nitrate
barium nitrate
lithium nitrate
magnesium nitrate
(c)
1
1
1
he
(a)
om
1
1
e.c
(c)
reaction
zinc sulphate + copper
ctiv
(b)
(i)
ma
(a)
aluminium
barium
lithium
9
magnesium
4 correct - 3 marks
3 correct - 2 marks
2 correct one mark
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(c)
(ii)
1
1
(iii)
anode
2O2- O2 + 4e-
cathode
Al3+ + 3e- Al
haematite
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
road building/fertiliser
e.c
(i)
om
bauxite
ctiv
(b)
(i)
QUESTIONSHEET 6
ww
w.c
he
(a)
ma
(a)
1
1
2
1
1
1
TOTAL 12
(b)
M2O
(c)
GROUP 1
REASON - forms compounds with similar formula to group 1 metals/
(accept named metal)/forms single positive ions
NOT - reacts violently with water
(this could be a group 2 metal)
(d)
1
1
(e)
(i)
mancunium sulphate
(ii)
(f)
TOTAL 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(i)
(ii)
(b)
1
1
(c)
1
1
(d)
(i)
1
1
magnesium / zinc
QUESTIONSHEET 8
measuring cylinder / burette/ pipette
(b)
he
(c)
ma
(a)
ctiv
e.c
(ii)
om
(a)
TOTAL 9
1
1
1
1
(e)
some zinc will be left over / unreacted at the end of the reaction /
more than enough zinc to react with the copper sulphate
(i)
(ii)
zinc is less reactive than magnesium / magnesium is more reactive than zinc
zinc will not be able to displace magnesium
1
1
(f)
ww
w.c
(d)
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 9
1
1
(d)
(e)
(f)
1
1
ww
w.c
he
ctiv
ma
(c)
D
B
A
LEAST REACTIVE C
(1 mark for C being placed as least reactive)
MOST REACTIVE
om
(b)
ONE FROM:
metal A - reaction with air - colour change
metal B - reaction with air - colour change
metal B - reaction with water - fizzing/bubbles/effervesces
metal D - reaction with air - colour change
metal D - reaction with water - fizzing/bubbles/effervesces
e.c
(a)
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 10
copper
iron
magnesium
potassium
om
(a)
(ii)
magnesium/ iron
(i)
hydrogen
(ii)
lighted splint
pops/explodes
QUESTIONSHEET 11
(b)
(c)
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
aluminium
zinc
iron
lead
(4 correct 2 marks, 2 correct 1 mark)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
copper last/bottom
magnesium first/top
1
1
(i)
no reaction
(ii)
reaction
aluminium sulphate + iron
ww
w.c
(a)
ctiv
potassium
ma
(c)
(i)
he
(b)
e.c
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 12
Any two from:
sodium melts/becomes molten ball
moves across water quickly
increased amount of fizzing
(ii)
(iii)
purple/dark blue
pH 12 14
1
1
(i)
alkali metals
(ii)
(iii)
QUESTIONSHEET 13
he
ma
(c)
e.c
(b)
om
(i)
ctiv
(a)
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 13
(b)
(c)
zinc is more reactive than iron/ zinc is higher in the reactivity series.
(d)
(e)
(f)
1
1
(g)
1
1
1
ww
w.c
(a)
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 14
(b)
TWO FROM :
brown solid formed
blue solution will fade/become colourless
zinc dissolves
(ii)
(i)
13oC
(ii)
exothermic
(iii)
TWO FROM:
add greater mass of zinc
use a more concentrated solution of copper sulphate
use a more reactive metal than zinc/accept a named metal
(i)
ctiv
e.c
(c)
om
(a)
ma
QUESTIONSHEET 15
TOTAL 8
1
1
(b)
1
1
(c)
THREE FROM :
carbon is more reactive than iron
carbon will displace iron from its oxide forming iron metal
carbon is less reactive than aluminium
carbon and aluminium oxide will therefore not react
(d)
1
1
1
(e)
1
1
ww
w.c
he
(a)
TOTAL 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 16
bubbles of gas / fizzing / effervescence/ iron dissolves
(b)
1
1
(c)
1
1
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
e.c
ctiv
(d)
sodium
(c)
mercury
(d)
sodium
(e)
magnesium
(f)
iron
(g)
zinc
(h)
sodium
(i)
calcium
he
(b)
ww
w.c
silver
ma
QUESTIONSHEET 17
(a)
om
(a)
1
1
TOTAL 10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 18
iron
aluminium oxide
1
1
(b)
1
1
(c)
1
1
(d)
to allow the molten iron to run into the gap between the rails
(e)
(f)
ctiv
e.c
om
(a)
(c)
(d)
TOTAL 11
(i)
(ii)
ww
w.c
(b)
magnesium
copper
silver
1
1
1
he
(a)
ma
QUESTIONSHEET 19
(i)
(ii)
1
1
(i)
no visible reaction
(ii)
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 20
1
(ii)
(i)
hydrogen
(ii)
Two from:
calcium, zinc, iron, lead, nickel
copper/silver/gold/platinum
e.c
ctiv
(c)
ma
(iii)
om
hydrogen
he
(b)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 1
increases
(ii)
decreases
(b)
(c)
1
1
(d)
none
because astatine is likely to be insoluble
1
1
(e)
C1, Br, I, At
or if one out of order
(f)
no
as bond energy decreases
expect reactivity to increase
e.c
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 2
om
(i)
ma
(a)
2
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 12
sulphur dioxide
(b)
-10oC
(c)
(d)
(e)
2SO2 + O2
(f)
catalyst
(g)
(h)
(i)
1
1
ww
w.c
he
(a)
2SO3
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(i)
yellow/green gas
(ii)
iron(III) chloride
(iii)
(iv)
chlorine is poisonous
(b)
less vigorous
(c)
om
(a)
e.c
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 4
2
1
2
TOTAL 11
(ii)
flame - 'pop' noise in hydrogen only or litmus paper goes red and then bleached
in chlorine only
(iii)
(iv)
he
ma
(i)
ww
w.c
[ The above will perhaps be the most common answers - there are alternative answers!]
TOTAL 10
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(a)
(i)
S
mass(g)
3.2
moles:
3.2/32=0.1
ratio
1
So formula is SO2
(ii)
(b)
(c)
:
:
:
:
O
3.2
3.2 / 16 = 0.2
2
oxygen
1
1
1
1
2SO3
in oxygen there is less distance between the nucleus and the outer shell/orbit (1),
therefore more easy to gain electrons (1)
2
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 6
1
1
(i)
nitrogen
(ii)
nitrogen
(iii)
potassium
(c)
magnesium
(d)
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(a)
2, 8, 5
xx
(c)
(d)
ww
w.c
x
x
H o P o H
xo
H
(b)
ctiv
ma
(e)
he
(b)
om
e.c
(a)
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 10
Formula PH3
(i)
gas
(ii)
covalent bonding
weak attraction between molecules
1
1
fertilisers
1
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 8
appearance: thin/ mobile amber/yellow
(b)
allotropes
(c)
(ii)
none
e.c
(i)
ctiv
(d)
om
(a)
QUESTIONSHEET 9
points plotted correctly
best fit curve
(b)
support
(c)
(d)
(e)
tablet form
toothpaste
ww
w.c
he
ma
(a)
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 10
methane, ammonia, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide
(b)
1
1
(i)
0.86 dm3
(ii)
0.60 dm3
(i)
46 g
(ii)
(d)
e.c
(c)
om
(a)
HF = 1 + 19 = 20
line drawn on graph from 20 on x axis to curve
line drawn on graph from curve to y axis
from graph, volume = 1.2
dm3
ma
ctiv
(e)
QUESTIONSHEET 11
TOTAL 19
(ii)
(iii)
2,8,7.
(iv)
(i)
At2
ww
w.c
he
fluorine
1
1
1
(iii) seven
(iv)
xx
At
xx
xx
(b)
1
1
1
1
1
(i)
xo
(a)
1
1
1
or H-At
2
1
TOTAL 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 12
B
(i)
A, B & E
(ii)
(c)
1
1
1
(d)
hydrogen
(b)
om
(a)
e.c
(a)
he
(2)
(2)
(i)
(ii)
carbon atoms use only three of their outer electrons to form covalent bonds
remaining electrons are delocalised/ can move along the layers and therefore conduct electricity
ww
w.c
(c)
(ii)
ma
(b)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 13
TOTAL 9
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
QUESTIONSHEET 14
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
bromine
carbon
chlorine
sulphur or oxygen
1
1
1
1
(b)
NH3 covalent
(d)
sulphur
(d)
X = sulphur or oxygen
Y = carbon
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 15
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(c)
2
1
1
helium
om
(a)
(a)
(i) C (ii) B
(b)
(i)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
he
QUESTIONSHEET 17
ma
ctiv
(iii)
e.c
QUESTIONSHEET 16
TOTAL 9
3
3
1
2
TOTAL 9
water vapour
(b)
helium
(c)
becomes solid
(d)
nitrogen
(e)
fractional distillation
(f)
N = 78%, O = 21%
(g)
1
1
(h)
less of it in air
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
NON-METALS
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
CO2 (1) 2
(f)
CO2 has a simple molecular structure, SiO2 has a giant molecular structure
e.c
om
2 (1)
QUESTIONSHEET 19
(i)
O,
(b)
(i)
carbon (ii)
K
sodium
(i)
(ii)
two
two
(e)
(i)
(ii)
three
seven
he
(d)
ma
ww
w.c
(c)
(ii)
ctiv
(a)
TOTAL 12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a)
(i)
increase
(ii)
increase
(i)
gas
(ii)
gas
(iii)
liquid
(iv)
solid
(c)
solid
(d)
insoluble
(e)
F, C1, Br, I, At
1 if 1 out of order
(b)
1
1
1
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
(i)
compounds with different numbers of carbon atoms have different boiling points
heating vaporises crude oil
different compounds condense at different temperatures
(ii)
gasoline
(iii)
naphtha
compounds containing only
the elements carbon & hydrogen
QUESTIONSHEET 2
1
1
1
TOTAL 10
(ii)
very high
dark yellow
does not burn
1
1
1
(ii)
A
Any two from
low b.p./volatile
easy to burn
clean flame
he
(i)
ma
distillation
(b)
(c)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
e.c
(c)
ctiv
(b)
om
(a)
C
high viscosity
2
1
1
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
a compound containing carbon & hydrogen
only
1
1
(b)
C6H14
(c)
(d)
(i)
om
(a)
H
H
H
H
ctiv
e.c
(iii)
ww
w.c
QUESTIONSHEET 4
he
ma
(ii)
TOTAL 10
(a)
fractional distillation
(b)
cracking
(c)
polymerisation
(d)
(e)
single bond
indication of long chain
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
contains carbon carbon double bond
(b)
CnH2n
(c)
OH
Cl
ma
Cl
1
1
ctiv
he
(f)
ww
w.c
(e)
e.c
(d)
om
(a)
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 6
(a)
(i)
high temperature
named catalyst
(aluminium oxide/silicon dioxide/broken pot)
1
1
(ii)
water
heat
ctiv
ma
he
(b)
ww
w.c
(iii)
om
pieces of broken
porcelain
e.c
mineral wool
soaked with
liquid paraffin
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(i)
H
(iii)
(i)
H
(ii)
H
C2H5
C2H5
he
ma
or
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
(i)
cups/electrical fittings/kettles
(ii)
1
1
1
ww
w.c
(c)
or
om
(ii)
e.c
(b)
ctiv
(a)
TOTAL 9
QUESTIONSHEET 8
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
1,2-dibromoethane
hydrogen
nickel/platinum
phosphoric acid/sulphuric acid
poly(ethene) /polythene
ethanol
1
1
1
1
1
1
H2O
(b)
C2H4
(c)
making margarine
C2H5OH
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 9
(a)
(b)
(i)
pentane
(ii)
C8H18
(i)
180
160
140
om
120
100
80
40
20
0
X4
- 40
- 60
- 80
- 120
- 180
sensible scales
axes labelled + units
points plotted correctly
smooth curve drawn through points
1
1
1
1
ww
w.c
(c)
10
he
- 140
(ii)
ma
X
- 100
- 160
ctiv
- 20
e.c
60
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 10
(a)
e.c
om
(b)
it is light/low density
strong
(d)
(ii)
poly(phenylethene)
H
C
H
(b)
(c)
(d)
C6H5
H
C
ma
ww
w.c
(i)
he
QUESTIONSHEET 11
(a)
1
1
ctiv
(c)
1
1
TOTAL
double bond
(i)
flexible
electrical insulator
1
1
(ii)
1
1
non-biodegradable
toxic fumes when burned
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 12
A poly(propene)
B
CH3
om
(a)
e.c
C tetrafluoroethene
(c)
(d)
C2 F 4
(e)
TOTAL
he
QUESTIONSHEET 13
ma
ctiv
(b)
alkanes
(b)
(i)
C8H18
(ii)
octane
(c)
(d)
(e)
ww
w.c
(a)
Two from:
makes use of less useful fractions
produces more petrol
produces alkenes/raw materials for the petrochemical industry
Two from:
poly(ethene)
ethanol
bromoethane
ethane-1, 2-diol
TOTAL
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 14
water
(b)
turn cloudy/milky
(i)
carbon
(ii)
incomplete combustion
(iii)
carbon monoxide
(c)
om
(a)
(b)
C2H4
(i)
oxygen
(ii)
C3H7
H2O
C2H5OH
ctiv
(a)
CH3
(d)
he
2
1
(i)
1
1
(ii)
solvent
ww
w.c
(c)
ma
(iii)
e.c
QUESTIONSHEET 15
TOTAL 5
TOTAL 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 16
(a)
H
C5H12
C6H14
H
keep it cool
keep away from flames & sparks
(c)
(i)
13% ( 2%)
(ii)
16% ( 3%)
(iii)
24% ( 3%)
(b)
liquid
(c)
11%
ww
w.c
(a)
he
QUESTIONSHEET 17
ma
(b)
om
e.c
ctiv
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 5
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 18
a substance which helps in cleaning processes
(ii)
Two from:
if not, will stay in water
causing rivers to foam
harming aquatic life
(i)
chromatography
(ii)
(iii)
yellow
(iv)
orange
om
(b)
(i)
e.c
(a)
TOTAL 7
(i)
(ii)
petrol
(iii)
petroleum gas
ma
1
1
1
1
he
(b)
ww
w.c
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 19
1
1
TOTAL 7
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a)
C & D (both)
(i)
1
1
(ii)
1
1
(c)
1
1
(d)
(b)
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 1
(i)
scales
plotting all the points accurately
drawing a smooth curve ignoring the 6 min point
1
1
1
(ii)
1
1
1
1
II
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
ww
w.c
(iii)
1
1
1
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 2
(a)
(b)
70
1
1
60
om
40
e.c
Temperature/ 0C
50
ctiv
30
10
0
0
10
20
he
ma
20
30
40
50
60
70
(c)
ww
w.c
Time/min
sensible scales
correct plotting
correct line drawn
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 3
All state symbols correct:
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(ii)
calcium chloride
(iii)
(iv)
1
1
(i)
in method A, some CO2 would escape before apparatus was placed on balance/
before initial reading could be taken
would lead to underestimate of CO2 produced
1
1
ctiv
(ii)
om
(b)
(i)
e.c
(a)
(c)
(d)
1
1
(i)
9Z
(ii)
9X
(iii)
9Y
(i)
St Pauls
(ii)
1
1
1
1
1
ww
w.c
(b)
sulphur is produced
clouds up the beaker/ sulphur is insoluble
he
(a)
TOTAL 10
ma
QUESTIONSHEET 4
uv lamp
photo cell
motor
TOTAL 12
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 5
1
1
(ii)
enzymes
(i)
sample at 80oC
(ii)
1
1
1
(iii)
sample at 40oC
(iv)
1
1
(v)
iodine
om
e.c
(b)
(i)
ctiv
(a)
ma
QUESTIONSHEET 6
TOTAL 11
(b)
40 cm3
= 4 cm3 s-1
10 s
he
(a)
much slower
fewer particles, so fewer collisions
(d)
(e)
ww
w.c
(c)
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 7
yellow precipitate/ goes cloudy
(b)
(c)
1
1
(i)
1
1
1
(ii)
concentration
(iii)
(iv)
e.c
1
1
1
TOTAL 11
ctiv
(d)
om
(a)
ma
QUESTIONSHEET 8
1
1
(b)
1
1
(c)
(d)
1
1
1
(e)
the concentration of lactose decreases/ the lactic acid destroy the enzyme/kills the bacteria
(f)
1
1
ww
w.c
he
(a)
TOTAL 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 9
(c)
1
1
1
(i)
(ii)
reaction is so fast
(i)
hydrogen
(ii)
om
(b)
pxes labelled
points plotted
smooth curve
TOTAL 8
(ii)
(i)
1
1
1
(ii)
1
1
he
ma
(i)
ww
w.c
(b)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 10
(a)
e.c
(a)
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
QUESTIONSHEET 11
1
1
(i)
(ii)
1
1
(iii)
1
1
(a)
(b)
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 12
(i)
hydrogen
(ii)
lighted splint
produces pop / explosion
1
1
(iii)
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
(formulae 1, balancing 1)
(i)
rate increased/faster
(ii)
rate increased/faster
(iii)
rate increased/faster
om
(c)
1
1
e.c
(b)
QUESTIONSHEET 13
ctiv
(a)
1
1
1
TOTAL 10
(b)
(c)
(d)
1
1
(e)
1
1
ww
w.c
he
ma
(a)
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
QUESTIONSHEET 14
(a)
(b)
CO = carbon monoxide
NOx = oxides of nitrogen
CH = hydrocarbons
1
1
1
(i)
(ii)
carbon monoxide
(iii)
oxides of nitrogen
1
TOTAL 6
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 15
(a)
(i)
steeper line
same volume of oxygen
1
1
(ii)
1
1
(ii)
(i)
60
90
(c)
some Y used up
catalysts are not used up
(b)
oxygen
(c)
(d)
ma
ww
w.c
H2O2
he
QUESTIONSHEET 16
(a)
ctiv
(b)
time in seconds
e.c
30
om
volume
of gas
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
1
1
(i)
1
1
(ii)
A
does not change speed/rate
1
1
(iii)
C
changes speed the most
1
1
5g
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 17
(b)
1
1
(c)
om
Three from:
add catalyst
heat/warm reaction
use higher concentration of reactants
use solid reactants with greater surface area / stir more
increase pressure of gaseous reactants
e.c
(a)
(ii)
(i)
60 cm3
(ii)
20 s
66 cm3
(c)
(d)
ma
he
(b)
(i)
(i)
66 cm3
(ii)
the same
ww
w.c
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 18
1
1
TOTAL 7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
QUESTIONSHEET 19
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
Two from:
(gas) syringe, measuring cylinder, burette
Three from:
use same sized pieces of magnesium/ use same mass of magnesium
use same volume of acid
keep temperature the same
stir the same amount
stop clock
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
RATES OF REACTION
ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 20
One mark for each of the following (in correct order)
he
ma
ctiv
e.c
om
joules
kilojoule
exothermic
endothermic
catalyst
increased
surface area
photography/sunburn
light
ww
w.c
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
1
(ii)
Li/Na/K/Cu
(i)
Al3+
(ii)
Cl
(iii)
AlCl3
(i)
covalent
(ii)
CCl4
om
xx
H
(iii)
N
x
H
e.c
(c)
ctiv
(b)
(i)
(a)
QUESTIONSHEET 2
(ii)
thermal decomposition
(i)
100
(ii)
Mr of CaO = 56
56 t CaO produced from 100 t calcium carbonate
280 t CaO produced from 500 t calcium carbonate
ma
CO2
he
(b)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
1
1
TOTAL 9
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 6
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(a)
2 and 2
(b)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 4
(a)
(i)
to condense water
(ii)
Note: Cobalt chloride paper test only shows the presence of water, not that the substance is water.
It could be dilute acid, salt solution etc.
2.5 - 1.6 = 0.9 g
(ii)
0.9 / 2.5
= 36%
(i)
dehydration
(ii)
CuSO4 + 5H2O
om
(c)
(i)
CuSO4.5H2O
QUESTIONSHEET 5
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
23 + 14 + (3 16) = 85
(ii)
14 + (4 1) + 14 + (3 16) = 80
(i)
14/85 100
= 16.5%
(ii)
28/80 100
= 35%
1
1
(c)
ammonium nitrate
(d)
Two from:
alkaline/gas/poisonous/very soluble/smelly
(b)
he
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
ma
ctiv
(iii)
e.c
(b)
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 6
3.5/14 = 0.25 4/16 = 0.25
NO
1
1
(ii)
50/16 = 3.1
SO2
1
1
(iii)
1
1
(iv)
1
1
1
(i)
1
1
1
(ii)
1
1
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(a)
(c)
om
e.c
ctiv
TOTAL 14
(i)
copper(II) chloride
(ii)
(iii)
bleaches
moist indicator paper
1
1
(i)
copper
(ii)
water
(iii)
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
(iv)
reducing agent
ww
w.c
(b)
copper(II) oxide
50/32 = 1.5625
ma
(b)
(i)
he
(a)
1
2
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 8
to allow you to find mass of substances in it
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
1.2/8.1 100
= 14.8%
1
1
(d)
208
(ii)
18
e.c
(i)
QUESTIONSHEET 9
precipitation
reduction
endothermic
reversible
decomposition
oxidation
displacement
combustion
ww
w.c
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
ma
(c)
ctiv
(b)
om
(i)
he
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 14
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Note: In a question of this type it is not necessary to use all the available terms.
Sometimes, a term will be required more than once.
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 10
energy/ heat transferred to surroundings
(b)
Ca(OH)2
(c)
(d)
(e)
heating it strongly
(f)
1
1
e.c
om
(a)
QUESTIONSHEET 11
TOTAL 7
displacement
(b)
c, e, f
(c)
(d)
Cl2
(e)
(f)
(g)
no reaction
2KCl
Br2
he
2KBr
ww
w.c
ma
ctiv
(a)
1
3
1
2
TOTAL 10
QUESTIONSHEET 12
(a)
(b)
(c)
1
1
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
1
1
(d)
(e)
TOTAL 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 13
(a)
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
x
0.08
Loss in mass (g)
e.c
0.07
0.06
ctiv
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.01
10
20
30
ma
0.02
om
0.09
40
50
60
70
80
90
ww
w.c
labelled axes
sensible scales
accurate plotting
line of best fit
he
1
1
1
1
(b)
student 4
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
1
1
(ii)
glowing splint
relights
1
1
(d)
Note: Always include the result of a chemical test. It is not sufficient to say,
for example, Use the glowing splint test.
TOTAL 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 14
A and D
(ii)
1
1
(b)
tube D
salt/ions in salt accelerates rusting
1
1
(c)
1
1
1
(i)
(ii)
coated in paint/plastic/electroplated
QUESTIONSHEET 15
(c)
iron/steel
(ii)
galvanising
(i)
sulphur dioxide
(ii)
Zn2+
(d)
(e)
ma
(i)
ww
w.c
(b)
Two from:
alloys may resist corrosion
alloys may look more attractive
alloys have lower meting points
he
(a)
e.c
(d)
om
(i)
1
1
TOTAL 10
ctiv
(a)
2
1
1
1
1
neutralisation
(i)
carbon
(ii)
ZnO + C
(iii)
reduction
Zn + CO
1
1
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 16
sodium hydrogencarbonate
(ii)
acid
(iii)
sodium carbonate
1
1
(i)
raising agent
because it decomposes when heated to give carbon dioxide gas
1
1
(ii)
(b)
(c)
calcium oxide
(ii)
calcium carbonate
ma
(i)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 17
(a)
om
(i)
e.c
(a)
TOTAL 8
1
1
endothermic
(c)
(d)
Two from:
jobs created
money brought into area
extension better than starting new quarry
Two from:
loss of animal habitats
eyesore
dust
noise
extra lorries on roads
(i)
(ii)
ww
w.c
(e)
he
(b)
1
1
1
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 18
delivery tube on end of test tube
delivery tube through cork
end of delivery tube in limewater
1
1
1
(ii)
limewater
goes cloudy/milky
1
1
(i)
(ii)
dipped in acid
(iii)
calcium
(c)
om
(b)
(i)
calcium carbonate
e.c
(a)
(ii)
hydrogen
(c)
(d)
C
(i)
(ii)
irritant/harmful
(e)
ma
(i)
ww
w.c
(b)
he
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 19
1
1
TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 8
QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
C + O2 CO2
(ii)
poisonous
(i)
oxygen is removed
(ii)
carbon
harder
lighter in colour
rougher texture
1
1
1
TOTAL 7
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 1
noble/inert/rare gases
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
(ii)
density increases
(iii)
(iv)
ma
ctiv
(e)
(i)
om
(b)
(i)
e.c
(a)
QUESTIONSHEET 2
(b)
1
1
TOTAL 10
(ii)
1
1
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
K+
he
(c)
(d)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
(i)
(ii)
potassium oxide
(iii)
(iv)
4K + O2 2K2O
TOTAL 13
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
group 1
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
C1
Li
C1
e.c
Li
om
(a)
1
1
1
(i)
more reactive
(ii)
common/table/cooking salt
he
ma
ctiv
diagram to show:
chlorine seven electrons
lithium one electron being transferred to chlorine
lithium ion one positive charge, chloride ion one negative charge
ww
w.c
(d)
1
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
(ii)
sodium ion
(iii)
chloride ion
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(i)
1
1
1
1
x
Na
(ii)
e.c
om
C1
ma
(c)
ions
Na+
C1
he
(b)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 4
TOTAL 16
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(ii)
(i)
halogens
(ii)
non-metal
(iii)
non-metal
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
sodium iodide
NaI
om
e.c
(c)
ctiv
(b)
(i)
QUESTIONSHEET 6
(c)
goes dark
(ii)
photosynthesis/colour fading
(i)
ion/anion/negative ion
(ii)
no
(i)
go dark
(ii)
he
(b)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
ma
(a)
1
1
1
TOTAL 10
1
1
1
1
1
3
(2 marks for correct equation; only 1 if ions not shown. 1 mark for state symbols)
TOTAL 8
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 7
isotopes
(ii)
(iii)
number of protons
number of electrons in uncombined atom
1
1
(iv)
1
1
(i)
no difference
(ii)
e.c
(iii)
no
(iv)
QUESTIONSHEET 8
(b)
(c)
2
1
1
TOTAL 12
(i)
(ii)
1
1
(i)
(ii)
(i)
6 (electrons)
(ii)
ww
w.c
(a)
ma
(c)
ctiv
(b)
om
(i)
he
(a)
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 9
(b)
(c)
(i)
drop/go down/fall
(ii)
(i)
om
(a)
(i)
1
1
(ii)
1
1
(c)
group 1
(ii)
alkali metals
(iii)
white
ww
w.c
(b)
(i)
ma
ctiv
QUESTIONSHEET 10
(a)
1
1
1
(ii)
he
(d)
e.c
TOTAL 11
1
1
1
A = sodium chloride
B = lithium chloride
C = potassium chloride
1
1
1
TOTAL 9
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 11
(c)
(ii)
atomic number
(i)
(ii)
molecules
(iii)
om
(b)
(i)
xx
x
(i)
x
x
e.c
(a)
x
xx
1
1
(ii)
gas
(iii)
ww
w.c
he
boils/becomes a gas/vapour
QUESTIONSHEET 12
(b)
ma
ctiv
(d)
(a)
1
1
TOTAL 11
(i)
colourless
(ii)
(iii)
silver chloride
(i)
(ii)
(aq)
(iii)
(s)
(iv)
(c)
B and C
2
TOTAL 11
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 13
1
(ii)
metals
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
A
high melting point/B would melt when the water boiled
1
1
(iii)
hard
can be pulled out to make a wire
shiny surface that can be polished
1
1
1
QUESTIONSHEET 14
(c)
TOTAL 11
ma
one out of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel,
zinc, or between atomic numbers 39-48, 57, 72-80 including silver, gold, platinum and mercury
(ii)
limewater
(iii)
(iv)
carbon dioxide
(i)
copper(II) oxide
(ii)
gas made
copper carbonate changed colour
1
1
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
he
(b)
(i)
ww
w.c
(a)
om
e.c
(b)
(i)
ctiv
(a)
TOTAL 14
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 15
1
(ii)
blue/green
(i)
1
1
(ii)
A = copper
B = green
C = iron(III)
(all three for 2 marks one or two for one mark)
(i)
Fe2+
(ii)
OH-
(iii)
ma
ctiv
(c)
transition elements
om
(b)
(i)
e.c
(a)
(b)
(c)
TOTAL 9
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
1
1
(ii)
(iii)
he
(a)
ww
w.c
QUESTIONSHEET 16
1
1
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 17
1
(ii)
(iii)
One out of: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu. (allow Sc and Zn)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
inert/noble/rare gases
(ii)
(iii)
(e)
TOTAL 11
lithium
(ii)
rubidium
(iii)
potassium
blue
ww
w.c
(d)
(i)
(b)
(c)
1
1
QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a)
e.c
(d)
ctiv
(c)
om
One out of: Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge.
ma
(b)
(i)
he
(a)
1
1
(i)
(ii)
hydrogen
(i)
more reactive
(ii)
2
TOTAL 10
GCSE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONSHEET 19
(c)
(ii)
(iii)
1
1
(iv)
(i)
speeds up a reaction
(ii)
(i)
positive/cation
(ii)
Cu2+
C or E
F or A
A
D
D
G
E
he
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
ww
w.c
(i)
e.c
Fe3+
QUESTIONSHEET 20
om
ctiv
(b)
(i)
ma
(a)
1
1
1
1
1
2
TOTAL 12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL 7