Introduction to Animal Science

Mr. Burton

Domestication
n

The animals :
Valued $$$ q Breeding is subject to human control q Survival depends on humans
q

Behavior is changed in domestication n Feed and water in controlled!

n

Domestication Across Globe

n

1. Near East (Fertile Crescent) 10,000 years ago.

Domestication Across Globe

n

2. South China 8,500 years ago

Domestication Across Globe

n

3. North China 7,700 years ago.

Domestication Across Globe

n

4. Africa 4,000 years ago.

Domestication Across Globe

n

5. South Central Andes 4,500 years ago

Domestication Across Globe

n

6. Central Mexico 4,700 years ago.

Domestication Across Globe

n

7. Eastern United States 4,500 years ago

Domestication
Specie
Dog Goat Sheep Cattle Horse Pig Chicken

When
14,000 Years A. 9,000 Years A. 10,700 Years A. 6,500 Years A. 5,000 Years A. 9,000 Years A. 5,500 Years A.

Where
Old World Old World Old World Old World Old World Old World India

Why
Companionship Food, Clothing and Milk Food, Milk and Clothing Religious Reasons Transport Food & Sport Food, Cockfights, Religion

Domestication
n

Terms:
q

Wild Animal:
n

Not genetically altered by selective breeding. Wild animal not native to country. Example, not from USA or Canada, etc

Exotic Animal:
n n

Domestication
n

Terms:
q

Feral Animal:
n

A domestic animal that lives in the wild with no human assistance. A population of domestic animals, that the individual may vary in genotype and phenotype.

Breed:
n

Historical Perspective
8,000 BC 776 BC 334 BC 1066 AD 1598 AD 1867 AD
Domestication First Olympic Games Alexander the Great used Calvary to conquer Stirrups invented Cattle brought into the US by Spanish Cattle Drives to Railroad

Historical Perspective
1884 AD 1905 AD 1914 AD
USDA began DHIA was Established (Dairy Records) Extension Service

Homestead Act played a huge part of the livestock industry in the US Land was free rather then cheap

Animal Science

Animal Contributions

Functions of Livestock
n

Contributions to Humans
Food q Clothing q Power q Recreation q Research
q

Animal Contributions
n

Food
Meat q Milk q Eggs
q

Power
Horse q Mules q Donkeys, Burrows q Oxen
q

Clothing
Wool q Leather q Hair q Fur
q

Recreation
Pleasure Horses q Livestock Show Competition q Rodeo
q

Animal Science Industry

What is considered Animal Science ?
Dairy Cattle q Beef Cattle q Sheep q Swine q Goats q Horses q Poultry
q

Ostrich & Emu q Deer q Bison q Aquaculture q Llamas q Rare Breeds q Small Animals
q

Top Producing States

n

Beef Industry Segment

1. Texas q 2. Kansas q 3. Nebraska q 4. Oklahoma q 5. California
q

Top Producing States

n

Dairy Production Industry Segment

1. California q 2. Wisconsin q 3. New York q 4. Pennsylvania q 5. Michigan q 6. Idaho
q

Top Producing States

n

Sheep Production Industry Segment

1. Texas q 2. California q 3. Wyoming q 4. Colorado q 5. South Dakota
q

Top Producing States

n

Swine Production Industry Segment

1. Iowa q 2. North Carolina q 3. Michigan q 4. Illinois q 5. Indiana
q

Top Producing States

n

Layers Production Industry Segment

1. California q 2. Ohio q 3. Indiana q 4. Pennsylvania q 5. Iowa
q

Top Producing States

n

Broilers Production Industry Segment

1. Arkansas q 2. Georgia q 3. Alabama q 4. North Carolina q 5. Mississippi
q

Conception to Consumption

Animal Production - General

Purebred Producer Commercial Producers Farm Herd or Flock

Commercial Feedlot

Farm Feeding

Direct to Processor

Auction or Market

Terminal Market