KEY CONCEPTS

BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES :

(a) sin29 + cos29=1 ; -l<sin9<l; -l<cos9<l V 9eR

(b) sec2 9 - tan2 9=1 ; | sec 0 | > 1 V 9eR
(c) cosec2 9 - cot2 9=1 ; |cosec9|>l V 9eR
IMPORTANT T' RATIOS :

(a) sinn7t = 0 ; cosn7T = (-l)n ; tann7t = 0 where n e I . (2n + l)7i

(b) (c)
sin(2n +

;(-l)n &

cos

1)Tt =

Q where ne I

sin 15 or sin
12

cos 15 or cos 12
V3-1 __0 5n
r=- = cos 75 or cos

2V2 12
V3+1 . _.0 . 5 7X r=~

= sm 75 or sin 2V2

12

(
d
)
(e
)

5= = 2+V3 =cot 15

ta
n
15

sm

= 2V3

=
co
t
75
;
ta
n7

V3 + 1 V3 - 1

11 J2 - ^ 71 1/2 + V2 71 r- 3tt rz ,
= v = JL-- ; tan - = V2 - 1 ; tan = V2 + 1
.

cos
8

8
71 100 _

V5 - 1

sm or sin 18 =
10 4
P ICO 71 VJ+l

& cos 36 or cos =

54

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF ALLIED ANGLES :

If 9 is any angle, then - 9, 90 9 , 180 9 , 270 9 , 360 9 etc. are called ALLIED ANGLES
4.
5.

(a) sin (- 9) = - sin 9 ; cos (- 9) = cos 9

(b) sin (90- 9) = cos 9 ; cos (90 - 9) = sin 9
(c) sin (90+ 9) = cos 9 ; cos (90+ 9) = - sin 9
(d) sin(180-9) = sin9 ; cos (180-9) =-cos 9
(e) sin (180+ 9) = - sin9 ;cos(180+9) = -cos9
(f) sin (270- 9) = - cos 9 ; cos (270- 9) = - sin 9
(g) sin (270+ 9) = - cos 9 ; cos (270+9) = sin9
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF Two ANGLES

(a) sin (A B) = sinA cosB cosA sinB

(b) cos (A
B) =
cosA cosB
+ sinA
sinB sin2A
- sin2B =
cos2B cos2A = sin
(A+B). sin
(A- B) sine
& cosec
only + ve
tan & cot
only +ve

All +ve
cos & sec
only +ve