,

- , . , . , . http://www.globalcase.org

gadmobirebis mimarTulebebi, meTodebi da xelSemwyobi faqtorebi

sadazvervo saqmianoba es aris informaciuli da operacili uzrunvelyofis procesi, xolo warmatebuli sadazvervo saqmianobis erT-erT ZiriTad da umniSvelovanes pirobas, gadmobirebiTi saqmianobis sworad dagegmva da Sesruleba warmoadgens. warmatebuli da perspeqtiuli kadrebis gadabirebis Semdeg, swored maT mier mowodebuli informaciis safuZvelze xdeba ama Tu im saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo politikis gansazRvra. Gadmobireba es aris operatiul RonisZiebaTa sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs Tanxmobis miRebas, dazvervasTan saidumlo TanamSromlobaze. ganvixiloT gadmobirebis zogierTi mimarTuleba, meTodebi, formebi, gadmobirebis xelSemwyobi garemoebebi. Kkonkretuli qveynis interesebidan gamomdinare, obieqt qveyanaSi mkacrad ganisazRvreba maTi miznebi: politikuri da ekonomikuri berketebis xelSe Cagdeba; politikuri da ekonomikuri cxovrebis destabilizacia; masobrivi areulobebi da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare saWiro xdeba agenturis yola, riTac SeeZlebaT miiRon mniSvnelovani srulyofili informacia, obieqti qveynis miznebisa da gegmebis Sesaxeb. Aagenturuli aparatis SeqnisaTvis saWiroa SeirCes Sesabamisi kandidatebi, Seswavlil iqnas da mxolod amis Semdeg daiwyos gadmobirebiTi operaciis ganxoercieleba. gadmobirebiTi operaciis gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa Seiqmnas Sesabamisi xelSemwyobi pirobebi. magaliTad, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos arsebobis dros 1918-1921 wlebSi, germaniis sadazvervo samsaxurebs mniSvnelovani SeRwevadoba qonda, saqarvelos mmarTvel aparatsa da mosaxleobaSi. manamde ki aqtiur propagandas awarmoebdnen mosaxleobaSi progermanuli ganwyobilebis mosapoveblad. agreTve gadmobirebisaTvis xelSemwyobi pirobebia; kulturul-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi; gacvliTi programebi; samecniero konferenciebi da a.S. germaniis specsamsaxurebi aqtiurad swavlobda yvela im qarTvel students, romlebic saswavleblad Casuli iyvnen germaniSi, Seasbamisi SerCeva-Seswavlis Semdeg dgindeboda gadmosabirebeli kandidatis mizanSewoniloba, ris Semdegadac aqtiurad xorcieldeboda gadmobirebiTi operaciebi, magram isic ar unda dagvaviwydes rom, gadmobirebis kandidatad miiCneoda mxolod da mxolod is pirovneba, romlis Semowmebis Semdeg, iZleva varauds, rom gadmosabirebeli kandidati flobs realur as potenciur sadazvervo SesaZleblobebs da arsebobs misi sadazvervo saqmianobaSi Cabmis realuri safuZveli. Germaniis specsamsaxurebis SerCeul-Sewavlili qarTveli studentibis mimarT warmatebiT ganxorcielda gadmobirebiTi operaciebi. gadmobirebas xeli Seuwyo interesTa Tanxvedram (ruseTis mimarT), maTi gadabirebis safucvels ki warmoadgenda, politikur-ideologiuri motivebi. 2

civi omis periodSi, msoflio or dapirispirebul banakad iyo gayofili da maT Soris faruli omi midinareobda, rac omebis warmoqmnis, ekonomikuri krizisebis, mTavrobis damxobis da a.S. mizezi xdeboda. civi omis dros amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma miznad daisaaxa komunizmis Signidan dazianeba, ris ganxoercielebaSic erT-erTi mniSvnelovani roli agenturas unda Seesrulebina. Sesabamisad SeirCa gadmosabirebal obieqtTa samsaxureobrivi mimarTulebebi: ssrk-s sagareo dazvervis legaluri da aralegaluri TanamSromlebi; ssrk-s saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis TanamSromlebi, samxedro dazvervis TanamSromlebi; sagareo saqmeTa saministro TanamSromlebi; mmarTveli rgoli; kompartia; samecniero wreebi da a.S. civi omis periodSi ,,css-s mier warmatebiT iqna gadmobirebulu sabWoTa dazvervis, diplomatiuri uwyebis , samecniero wreebis da a.S. TanamSromlebi, maT Soris ssrk-s sagarareo dazvervis avstriis legaluri dazvervis TanamSromlebi (col-qmari, dawyvilebuli gadmobiriba), vicepolkovniki petrovi da kapitani petrova, ,,gru-s TanamSromeli filatovi, sagareo saqmeTa saministros TanamSromeli ogordniki da a.S. rodesac xorcieldeba gadmobireba, arsebobs Sesabamisi riski misi gaSifrvis, gaSifrvis SemTxvevaSi ki advili misaxvedria(swored amitom rogorc wesi gadmobirebiTi operaciebi maqsimaluri konspiraciis wesebis dacviT xorcieldeba), Tu risi interesi aqvs mocemul qveyanasa Tu specsamsaxurs. specsamsaxurebi gadmobirebiT operaciaSi xSirad mimarTaven darwmunebis meTods. sxvaTaSoris am meTodiT gadmobirebuli adamianebi, sandoobis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCevian. Ddarwmunebis meTodis gadabirebis brwyinvale magaliTia aSS-s ,,gfb-s mier ganxorcielebuli kontrsadazvervo RonisZieba koduri saxelwodibiT ,,solo, am operaciis wyalobiT miRweul iqna mniSvnelovani sadazvervi SeRwevadoba ssrk-s umaRles mmarTvelobiT rgolSi, kerZod gadabirebul iqna pirovneba, romelsac axlo urTierToba gaaCnda ssrk-s mmarTvel xxelisuflebasTan. Mmoris Caildsi, igive moSe Silovski, warmoSobiT ebraeli, 1929 wels ssrk-Si kominteris kominteris kursebis gavlis periodSi sabWoTa dazvervis mier iqna gadabirebuli,, garkveuli periodis Semdeg es cnobili gaxda aSS-s ,,gfb-sTvis da 1951 wels gadabirebul iqna egredwodebuli darwmunebis meTodiT, savaraudod darwmunebis pirdapiri gziT. ,,gfb-s mier warmodgenii iqna masalaebi sadac naCvenebi iyo faSistebisa da ssrk-s ebraelTa genocidSi Tanabari rolis Seasxeb, rac Seexeba darwmunebis meTods, igi iTvaliswinebs gadasabireberebeli piris Sexedulebebisa da warmodgenebis sasurveli mimarTulebiT koreqtirebas da amis safuzvelze, dazvervasTan saidumlo TanamSromlobis pozotiuri motivebis aRZvrasa da ganmtkicebaSi, xolo ,,darwmunebis pirdapiri gza es aris darwmunebis forma, rodesac gamoyenebulia logikuri argumentebi. Gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, gadmobirebis kandidatis maxasiaTeblebia: informaciis momwodebel-mompovebeli, maT agentdokumentalistebsac uwodeben; gadabirebis xelSemwyobi pirobebis uzrunvelmyofeli; dezinformaciis gamavrcelebeli da a.S. sanam gadasabirebeli 3

piris mizanSewoniloba dadgindeba, saWiroa SeirCes Sesabamisi gadasabirebeli kandidatebi, SerCeva SesaZlebelia egredwodebuli ,,gadasabirebeli bazidan, Semdeg iwyeba maTi aqtiuri-rkaluri Seswavla, romlis drosac informaciis mosapoveblad xSirad iyeneben adgilobriv agenturas. Seswvlas eqvemdebareba: maTi fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba; damokidebulebebi; ojaxuri-samsaxureobrivi mdgomareoba,; Zlieri da susti mxareebi; loTobisadmi midrekileba; patriotizmi; fanatizmi; religiuri aRmsarebloba; ojaxis wevrebi; uaxloesi garemocva da a.S. Semdeg dgindeba maTi mizanSewoniloba da mxolod amis Semdeg, operatiuli TanamSromlis an agent- gadmombireblis mier, Sesabamisi meTodebiTa da formebiT xorcieldeba gadmobirebiTi operacia. Aarsebobs gadmobirebis ori ZiriTadi meTodi; darwmuneba(romlis Sesaxebac ukve visaubreT) da iZuleba(komprometacia, SantaJi da a.S.), xolo romeli meTodi iqneba gamoyenebuli amas is wyvets romelic uSualod axorcielebs gadmobitrebiT operacias. Gadmobirebis winadadebis formebia: pirdapiri da SeniRbuli, Tanxmoba gadmobirebaze ki xorceldeba, iurdiuli gaformebiT, an gaformebis gareSe. Specsamaxurebis mxridan xSirad dainteresebis obieqtia saswavlo dawesebulebebi. civi omis periodSi ssrk aqqtiurad moRvaweobda didi briTaneTis saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, kerZod ,,kembrijsa da ,,oqsfordSi, sadac maT mier gadmobirebul iqna 20-ze meti agenti, maT Soris ,,kembrijis SesaniSnavi xuTeuli. aRsaniSnavia agreTve is garemoeba rom, am universitetebSi swavlobdnen cnobili politikosebis, biznesmenebis, aristokratebis, mmarTveli rgolis Svilebi, romlebsac universitetis damTavrebis Semdeg savaraudod xelSi unda aeRoT saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sadaveebi. 1934 wels ssrk dazvervis TanamSromeli arnold deiCi, sadazvervo misiiT Cavida londonSi, sadac britanetis inteligenciaSi, unda SeerCia gadmobirebis kandidatebi, Sesabamisi samuSaoebis Catarebis Semdeg ki gadmoebirebina. Mmis mier gadmobirebul iqna swored ,,kembrijis SesaniSnavi xuTeuli-gai berjesi, donald makkinli, entoni blanti, kim filbi da jon kernqorsi, romlebmac gadmobirebidan 5-6 weliwadSi mniSvnelovani postebi daikava dagareo saqmeTa da finansTa saministroebSi, dazvervasa da kontrdazvervaSi. Sesabamisad miRweul iqna mniSvnelovani sadazvervo SeRwevadoba , mmarTvel rgolsa sa Zalovan struqturebSi. Ddavalebidan gamomdinare gadmobirebul agents avalebdnen Semdeg iformacias: britaneTis gegmebi ssrk-s mimarT, qveyanaSi arsebuli mdgomareoba, uaxlesi teqnoligiebi da a.S, xolo rac Seexeba arnold deiCs Tu is ar iqneboda dazvervis oficialuri Statiani TanamSromeli, maSin is unda mivakuTnoT agentdammuSaveblis rgols. romelic uSualod monawileobs obieqtis SerCeva, Seswavla, damuSaveba, zemoqmedebaSi. rogorc vaxseneT gamobirebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi meTodia iZuleba, romelic gadmobirebisas upiratesad gamoiyeneba moralur-fsiqologiur safuZvelze. iZuleba ar gulisxmobs dainteresebuli obieqtis mimarT fsiqikur-fizikur 4

zewolas, magram pirs ayenebs arCevanis winaSe, daTanxmdes dazvervasTan TanamSromlobas misi piradi keTildReobis, an usafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare, xolo gadmobirebis moralur-fsiqologiur safuZvels warmoadgens, obieqturad arsebuli an specsamsaxuris mier Seqmnili garemoebebis gamoyenebiT, gadmosabirebel pirs Seuqmnas iseTi motivacia, romlsi drosac ddaarwmunebs mas rom, daTanxmdes saidumlo TanamSromlobaze, isev da isev piradi keTildReobis an safrTxis Tavidan acilebis sanacvlod. swored gadmobirebis es meTodi iqna gamoyeebuli 1990 wlebis dasawyisSi ruseTis ,,generaluri Stabis mTavari sadazvervo sammarTvelos mier saqarTvelos moqalaqeze, romelic muSaobda, saqarTveloSi moqmed ucxo qveynis saelCoSi. samwuxarod es adamiani gadabirebul iqna, magram Cveni specsamsaxurebis mier gatarebuli operatiuli RonisZiebebis Semdeg es piri gamovlenil da dakavebuli iqna, xolo Tu rogor moxda misi gadabireba exlave mogaxsenebT: rogorc cnobilia qarTul-afxazuri usafrTxoebis zona moicavda 22 km. zols, romelsac rusi mSvidobismyofelebi akontrolebdnen, xolo maTi Stabi zugdidis raionSi sofel urTasa da galSi iyo ganTavsebuli. saqarTveloSi qarTul-afxazur usafrTxoebis zonaSi ganTavsebul ganTavsebul rusul samxedro ZalebSi, samasaxurs gadioda pirobiTad valeri, romelic savaraudod ,,gru- TanamSromeli iyo. Mmas saqarTveloSi hyavda deida, xolo misi deidaSvili ki muSaobda saqarTveloSi moqmed ucxo qveynis saelCoSi. swored am ambis gagebis Semdeg daiwyo am pirovnebis mimarT daintereseba. naTesavuri kavSiris gamo, Sesabamisad didi albaTobiT iarsebebda sando urTierToba deidaSvilebs Soris, igi motyuebiT iqna Cayvanili zugdidSi, xolo Semdeg ,,mvo-s teritoriaze(mdebareobda afxazeTSi), sadac dakavebuli iqna, rogorc sazRvris ukanono damrRvevi da gadayvanili iqna afxazeTis uSiSroebis SenobaSi. Mmisi damuSavebisas rus TanamSromelTa mxridan gansakuTrebuli yuradReba iqna gamaxvilebuli, mis samsaxureobriv saqmianobaze, urTierTobas saelCos TanamSromlebTan. Mmas uTxres rom, Tu TanamSromlobaze ar daTanxmdeboda, cixeSi gamoketavdnen ramodenime wliT, sadac gausaZlis mdgomareobaSi amyofebdnen, Tanac eubnebodnen rom misi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, mas misi qveyis winaaRmdeg ar mouwevda muSaoba da mxolod saelCos farglebiT Semoifarglebodnen, Tan Sesabamis anazRaurebasac pirdebodnen, guramma ver gauZlo zewolas da Tanxmoba ganacxada saidumlo TanamSromlobaze. Ggarkveuli drois Semdeg igi dakavebuli iqna qarTuli specsamsaxurebis mier. Aam operaciis Sedegad rusebma SeZles mniSvnelovani sadazvervo SeRwevadoba, ucxo qveynis diplomatiur warmomadgenlobaSi, kidev erTi, am operaciis Sedegad maT SeeZloT mieRoT Sesabamisi sando, srulyofili, drouli informacia, diplomatiul ucyebaSi arsebuli mdgomareobis, gegmebisa da SesaZlo potenciuri gadmosabirebeli pirebis Sesaxeb. warmodgenili masalebidan naTlad Cans, rom germaniis dazvervis mier Catarebuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad, saqarTveloSi miRewuli iqna mniSvnelovani 5

progermanuli ganwyobileba, romelic gadabirebisaTvis da Semdgomi moqmedebebs dagegmvis erT-erTi xelSemwyobi garemoeba iyo. agreTve maT mier gadmobirebiTi operaciebi xorcieldeboda im pirebze, romlebsac momavalSi SesaZlo mniSvnelovani Tanamdebobebi daekavebinaT saqarTvelos xelisuflebis sxvadasxva struqturaSi. civi omi periodSi aSS-s erT-erT ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda ssrk-Si komunizmis Signidan dazianeba, romlis ganxorcielebaSic, erT-erTi mniSvnelovani roli agenturas unda Seesrulebina. Aagenturis Sesaqmnelad awarmoebdnen mniSvnelovan gadobirebebs maTi samsaxureobrivi mimarTulebeisda mixedviT: ssrk-s saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis TanamSromlebi, sagareo dazvervis legaluri da aralegaluri TanamSromlebi, samxedro dazvervis TanamSromlebi. sagareo saqmeTa saministros TanamSromlebi, mmarTveli rgoli, kompartia da a.S. es da kidev sxva gatarebuli RonisZiebebi ki ssrk-s daSlis da dasawyisi iyo. civi omis periodSi, ssrk-s dazvervis mier aqtiuri gadmobirebiTi operaciebi xorcieldeboda, didi britaneTis saswavlo dawesebulebebSi. sabWoTa dazvervis interess warmoadgenda; britaneTis gegmebi ssrk-s mimarT , mmarTveli rgoli, politikuri partiebi, uaxlesi teqnologiebi da a.S. 1990 wlebis dasawyisSi ruseTis ,,gru-s interess saqarTveloSi warmosadgenad saqarTveloSi moqmedi ucxo qveynis saelCoebi da iq momuSave pirebi. Nnebismieri specsamsaxuris moqmedeba gansakuTrebuli konspiraiis dacvis reJimSi mimdinareobs, xolo maT mier miRweuli warmatebebi ki, yovelTvis saidumlod rCeba. ,,specsamsaxuris Cavardna, gviCvenebs am samsaxuris moqmedebisa da SesaZleblobis masStabs, xolo seriozuli specsamsaxurebi ki arasodes amxelen TavianT warmatebas. - alen dalesi gamoyenebuli wyaroebi: daviT kuxalaSvili-centraluri sadazvervo sammarTvelo aSS-s samsaxurSi; daviT kuxalaSvili-konstituciuri wyobilebis rRvevis safuZvlebi aSS-Si da masTan brZolis meTodebi; daviT kuxalaSvili-saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo uSiSroebis Seqmna Camoyalibebis istoridan; Jurnali arsenali-#23, 2011w.; Jurnali arsenali-#27, 2011w.; www. nplp.gov.ge sadazvervo terminebis ganmartebisTi leqsikoni; www.expertclub.ge ,,gru: mizani yovelTvis amarTlebs saSualebebs.

 ADVANCINGSECURITYASAPROFESSION (CAUCASUS ACADEMY OF SECURITY EXPERTS - CASE) , , , . , , . , , . , , http://www.globalcase.org , , . , , , , , . . , . , . , , , , , , . , , , , , .

 (CASE) , . , . , , . . : , .

: , , , . , , , , , . . , . , .

- , .
. , , .