3AMC Summary DVD

Third Asian Ministerial Conference
Third Asian Ministerial Conference
on Disaster Risk Reduction
2-4 December 2008 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Summary compilation of material presented at the
Third Asian Ministerial on Disaster Risk Reduction
2‐4 December 2008
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The purpose of this document is to provide a concise and user-friendly
summary of information from presentations made at the Third Asian
Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction,
Reduction December 1-4,
1 4 2008 in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It represents the summarization of over 130
presentations on various areas of disaster risk reduction which can be found
in original
g form at http://www.amcdrrmalaysia.com.my/
p y y
In developing this project, UNISDR acknowledges the support received by

the German Federal Foreign Office as well as the Government of Malaysia in
the organization of the conference.
The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed here are those of the
authors and do not necessarilyy reflect the views of the United Nations
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) or conference
organizers. UNISDR cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in
this publication, and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of its use.
Overview
Disaster Risk Reduction
Contents
• Overview: Disaster risk reduction
• Disaster frequency
• Disaster frequency by type and region
• Disaster risk reduction components
• Shift to DRR
• Damage assessment process
• Remote sensing
• Disaster risk reduction and poverty
DISASTER STATISTICS Disaster frequency
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management
including Disaster Risk Reduction.”
DISASTER STATISTICS Disaster frequency by type and region
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session on “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction.”
DRR CONCEPTS Disaster Risk Reduction Components
“Building culture of
prevention is not easy,
while the cost of
prevention had to be
paid in the present, its
benefit lie in the
distant future.
Moreover, the benefit
are not tangible; they
are disasters that did
not happen”
‐ Kofi Anan, Former UN
Secretary General
DRR CONCEPTS Shift to DRR
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia
and the Pacific”
DRR CONCEPTS Damage Assessment Process
Source: Joey Sarte Salceda, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
DRR CONCEPTS Disaster preparedness
including Disaster Risk Reduction”
DRR CONCEPTS Remote Sensing
Remote sensing (passive and active sensing) critical in earth observation of weather satellite
collection platforms critical for monitoring, prediction and detection
DRR CONCEPTS Disaster Risk Reduction and Poverty
Vicious cycle of disaster and poverty
Source: Saidur Rehman, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
DRR CONCEPTS Disaster Risk Reduction and Poverty
“There are indications of close linkages
between poverty and vulnerability to
natural disasters and of their mutually re‐
enforcing effects. The poorer communities
tend to be the most vulnerable. Data show
that at the household level, poverty is the
single most important factor determining
vulnerability ”
vulnerability.
Source: Saidur Rehman, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
Climate Change and
Contents
• Salient global statistics
• Salient statistics in East Asia
• pacts coasta a eas o s a cou t es
Impacts in coastal areas of Asian countries
• Potential climate change impact
• Natural disaster and climate change linkages
• g g
Case for climate change mitigation
• Managing climate risk framework
• The UN Convention on Climate Change
• g
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change g
• Knowledge gaps
• Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer
• Issues in CCA and DRR
Climate Change and
• Climate Change Adaptation
• Climate change adaptation and ICT
Climate change adaptation and ICT
• Climate Change and Health
• Fire and Rescue Perspectives
• y
Case Study: Northumbria Infectious Disease
Risk Management
• Case Study: Climate Disaster Resilience
Initiative (CDRI)
• Case Study: Cholera in Mozambique
• Case Study: Malaria in Ghana
• Case Study: Korea
• Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent
/
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Global Statistics
Ch
Salient statistics
• Relative changes in precipitation (in percent) for the period
Relative changes in precipitation (in percent) for the period
2090–2099, relative to 1980–1999 (IPCC 2007)
• Mean temperature increases by the end of this century of up
to 4 percent centigrade and sea levels rising by up to 60
centimeters
• The 10 warmest years on record have all been since 1990
• Over the last century, average global temperatures have risen
by 0 6 degrees Celsius being the most drastic temperature rises
by 0.6 degrees Celsius being the most drastic temperature rises
over 1000 years in the northern hemisphere
• Glaciers are melting and Sea levels are rising and forecast to
y
rise another 88 cm by 2100
• Globally sea level rise threatens 100 million people living below
this level
• Number of people affected by floods worldwide has risen from
7 illi i th 1960 t 150 illi t d
7 million in the 1960s to 150 million today
Source: Various presentations
Ch
Projected surface temperature changes for the early and late 21st century relative to the period
1980-1999
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
Ch
Updated 100‐year linear trend of 0.74 ºC for 1906‐2005
Source: G. Srinivasan, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Global climate change from man‐made activities
• Undeniable evidence that global climate is changing
U d i bl id th t l b l li t i h i
• This change is human‐induced
Source: Rakhi Bhavnani, December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Change in climate variation: generally
the emphasis until now has been on
g
changes in the mean climate. We need
to understand the impacts of changes
in climate variability at a range of
scales: decadal, inter‐annual, seasonal,
daily and taking into account large‐
daily, and taking into account large‐
scale atmospheric regimes
Attribution of a single event

to global warming is
therefore difficult
Ch
Warm nights increasing; cold nights decreasing
Frequency of occurrence of cold or warm temperatures for 202 global stations for
3 time periods:
1901 to 1950 (black) 1951 to 1978 (blue) and 1979 to 2003 (red)
1901 to 1950 (black), 1951 to 1978 (blue) and 1979 to 2003 (red)
Ch
Proportion of heavy rainfalls: increasing in most land areas
Regions of disproportionate changes in heavy (95th) and very heavy (99th) precipitation
Regions of disproportionate changes in heavy (95th) and very heavy (99th) precipitation
Ch
Small changes in temperature, increase in disaster risks
CLIMATE CHANGE Salient Statistics in East Asia
Ch
Changes in number of heavy rainfall days and hot days over locations in the East Asian Region
Source: Trevor Tague, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
Emergency Management.”
Ch
Changes in the Frequency Distribution of Extremes
Ch
Projections of Regional Tmax and Daily Rainfall Changes
CLIMATE CHANGE
Ch
Impacts in coastal areas of Asian countries
CLIMATE CHANGE Potential Climate Change Impact
Ch
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi‐tech & Scientific Application to Disaster
Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Potential Climate Change Impact
Ch
Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Impacts of climate change and disasters
Ch
• The increase in GHG concentration and atmospheric warming impacts sea level, temperature, precipitation, and
extreme events
• This negatively affects sectors and quality of living in cities
CLIMATE CHANGE Natural disasters and climate change
Ch
linkages
g
CLIMATE CHANGE Natural disasters and climate change
Ch
linkages
g
Source: Rebecca McNaught, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case for climate change mitigation
Ch
• Reducing the production of GHGs, i.e. mitigation climate change impacts, would
g p , g g p ,
not only be cheaper in the long‐run however, also lead to a reduction in
temperatures
CLIMATE CHANGE Managing Climate Risk Framework
Ch
Source: Masud Siddiqui, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non‐governmental Organizations.””
CLIMATE CHANGE The UN Convention on Climate Change
Ch
COP
Conference of the
Parties
IPCC
Secretariat
SBSTA Subsidiary
SBI Subsidiary Body
Body for Scientific and
for Implementation
Technological Advice
IPCC
Source: Yap Kok Seng, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi‐tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk
Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Ch
(IPCC)
UNFCC Secretariat
Plenary WMO/UNEP in
Switzerland
Working group I Working group II Task force on

Working group III
Working group III
The science of Impact and national greenhouse
Mitigation
climate system adaptation gas inventories
Technical support Technical support Technical support Technical support

unit unit unit unit
Experts, authors, contributors, reviewers
Source: Yap Kok Seng, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi‐tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk
Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Knowledge gaps in the areas of climate
Ch
change and disaster risk reduction
g
“Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer on
CLIMATE CHANGE
Ch
Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters”
Overview
• Report by World Bank and UNISDR
(2008)
• Focus on climate change adaptation &
disaster risk reduction in East Asia
disaster risk reduction in East Asia
region
• Moving from theory to practice
• Tool for city level managers to develop
a strategy for adaptation and mitigation
• For both cities in beginning and
advanced stages in dealing with climate
g
change and disaster risks
• Presents a “hotspot” tool for
identifying city‐specific priorities for
action
• Presents
Presents “nono regrets
regrets” endeavors
endeavors
CLIMATE CHANGE
Ch
Hotspot Exercise
• The heart of decision‐making
• Given:
• Geographical location
G hi l l i
• City size and growth rate
• Governance structure
• Disaster history
• “Influentiable”
• ‐City management
• Financial resources
• Built environment
• Disaster response systems
CLIMATE CHANGE
Ch
Hotspot assessment excerpt
CLIMATE CHANGE Issues in CCA and DRR
Ch
Case evidence is strong enough
for action: Climate change adaptation and
• Asian urban growth disaster risk reduction –main
• Local decentralization crux now for the development
crux now for the development
• Capacity gaps in cities
• Financial pressures
of Asian cities
• ↑Vulnerabilities
CCA and DRR are complex
problems involving all sectors ‐
Key is the local level to build
require innovation and
resilient cities
i
ingenuity–takes time and need
it t k ti d d
to start now
Cities need to know how much
they are really affected by
Paradigm shift –takes time and
climate change and intellectual
needs to start now
capital to deal with these
capital to deal with these
complex problems
CLIMATE CHANGE Issues in CCA and DRR
Ch
Once we know, what do we
“No regret” interventions ‐
Need for
do? ‐Prioritize actions ‐there monitoring and
recognizing opportunity
are both urgent and
are both urgent and
costs associated with
i d ih evaluating of
l f
important areas that need to
interventions
be looked at‐ progress and gaps
Need to go beyond “token”
Need to factor
Leveraging experiences of positive feedback
and “pilot” projects ‐taking
others but not following a
good projects and
good projects and effects in the
effects in the
“one size fits all” approach
replicating & scaling
system
Need to consciously go Remember how
beyond the same theoretical
areas to most challenging Kalamazoo! Stating hard long the
areas in climate change truths as they are! environmental
environmental
adaptation and disaster risk
reduction movement took!!
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change Adaptation
Ch
Since the inception of UNFCC, adaptation has been poor. At the Climate Change
Conference in Bali, it was realized that all countries would need to adapt.
Definitions
Adaptation
• “ Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to
j y p
actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which
moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.
Various types of adaptation can be distinguished, including
anticipatory and reactive adaptation private and public
anticipatory and reactive adaptation, private and public
adaptation, and autonomous and planned adaptation”
(IPCC TAR, 2001)
Adaptation capacity
• Ability of a system to adjust itself in order to cope with
climate change variability
Risk Reduction”
Ch
Definitions
Flexibility
• The ability to adapt to climate change through appropriate
judgment and strategies
Mainstreaming
• Taking on board climate change issues when designing national
policies programmes and priorities (to include climate related
policies, programmes and priorities (to include climate related
risk, vulnerability and options for adaptation in the ICT sector)
Vulnerability
• Degree to which an area is susceptible to harm due to exposure
to such as climate change
Risk Reduction”
Ch
Effective approaches for adaptation
Effective approaches for adaptation
pp p
• Engage stakeholders
• Identify and set priorities for action
• Assign responsibility for action and monitor implementation
Assign responsibility for action and monitor implementation
• Keep adaptation strategies under regular review
Key issues
• Under‐adaptation: climate change factors are given insufficient weight
• Over‐adaptation: climate change factors are given too much weight
• Mal‐adaptation: decisions are taken resulting in more vulnerability to
climate change
Adaptation = flexibility
Risk Reduction”
Ch
Adaptation Continuum
Vulnerability Adaptation Development
Vulnerability Adaptation Development
Impacts to and to Resilience
Adaptation Development Resilience
Identifying the Adaptation that Development
poor naturally builds built on local
livelihoods coping
Explaining pre‐ mechanisms
poor livelihood Livelihoods built
insurance by entitlement Coping
strategies focus mechanisms
safeguarded
Giving practical Development
“voice” demonstrably Social resilience
(governance) to achieved “Take the Punch”
the voiceless “Bounce back
and beyond”
Source: Phil O’Keefe et al., Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change Adaptation and ICT
Ch
Risk Reduction”
CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change and Health
Ch
IPCC projections and hypothesized impact on health (adapted from IPCC 2007)
Source: Andrew Collins, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
Ch
Overview
• The under 5 infant mortality rate in Africa is
largely attributable to infectious diseases
• For Ghana, Mozambique, and Bangladesh,
climate change influences, to a high
degree,
g , infectious disease outbreak and its
control
• The third figure is a simplified infectious
disease risk assessment
“ intensifying
y g climatic conditions,, together
g with a range
g
of environmental, epidemiological and socioeconomic
factors, are bringing about changes in the exposure of
populations to infectious diseases ”
-WHO World Health Report 2007
Ch
The health ecology approach to infectious disease risk reduction for health security at the
global, community, and individual levels
Ch
Integrated health risk reduction in contexts of Risks get understood through
disease and climate change various research approaches such
as:
Pathogenic
Clinical‐epidemiological
T
Temporal‐climatic
l li ti
Spatial‐environmental
Socio‐economic
Behavioral
Perceptual
Multivariate and integrative
Ch
A moving target for reducing climatic health risks:
“ Pathogenic adaptation in
relation to climate change is
not fully understood and to a
large extent still has to be
large extent still has to be
regarded as unpredictable. It is
therefore important to
focus research into human
vulnerability, coping and
resilience, where more certain
links to disease risk may be
understood ”
CLIMATE CHANGE Fire and Rescue Perspectives
Ch
First responders like police, fire and rescue services, and ambulance are involved in
climate change‐related incidents such as fire, search and rescue, and mass
decontamination
Example: how first responders deal with floods:
1)) Preparation Phase
p 3) Response Phase
) p
‐ Multi‐agency collaboration with police, ‐ Flood watch/flood warning ‐ act on information
ambulance, fire and deploy people
‐ Identify hazard areas ‐ Rescue of vulnerable people
‐ Produce emergency response plans ‐ Swift water rescues – i.e. cars, rivers, roofs
‐ Setup service level agreements ‐ Command and control ‐ logistics, crew changes
‐ Identify strategic holding areas
d f h ld accommodation
‐ Purchase food defense equipment
‐ Rescuer training
4) Recovery Phase
2) Rescuer Training
2) Rescuer Training ‐ Transport (boats, sleds, inspections)
‐ Two kinds of training: ‐ Utility services (gas, electric, water, communications)
‐ i. First responder – basic water access skills ‐ Water removal (HVP, peristaltic pumps, water vacuums)
‐ ii. Swift water rescue technician – advanced ‐ Home risk assessment (safety advice)
rescue skills
Source: Trevor Tague, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Northumbria Infectious
Ch
Disease Risk Management Program
g g
Program overview
• Infectious Disease Risk Management (IDRM) at
Northumbria University, Disaster and Development
Centre (DDC) “In terms of climate change
linkages, the rationale is
• Aim of the program is to reduce disaster through risk
Aim of the program is to reduce disaster through risk identifying the contexts
reduction and health security whereby different aspects of
health are prone to change to
decide how much climate
History of activities cchange may be tolerable or
a ge ay be o e ab e o
acceptable, what type of
• 2002‐05: In Mozambique and Bangladesh sponsored adaptation is necessary, and
by DFID, WHO, UNICEF, Governments of Mozambique who, how, when and where the
and Bangladesh, ICDDR costs might be borne”
• 2007‐10: Mozambique and Bangladesh sponsored by
British Council
• 2007‐09: Health Security and Disaster Resilience in
Bangladesh (ESRC DFID)
Bangladesh (ESRC, DFID)
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Northumbria Infectious
Ch
Disease Risk Management Program
g g
Integrated (Community) Disease Risk Reduction (IDRR) Methodology
Reduce uncertainty through
comprehensive
h i didisease risk
i k
assessments Through the
• Participation, appropriate frameworks, following
monitoring, evaluation of relative causality
• To know who, when, where, and the
mechanisms:
circumstances of changes in hazards,
vulnerability and capacity • Locally-owned research
• Empirical verification of disease hazard • Capacity building
• Systems development
• Disease risk
Community engagement assessment in the
• Empower people community
• Sensitize institutions • Using local committees
• Delineate responsibilities of the state
• Legislate rights of individuals, and
responsibilities of informal and private
sectors
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Climate Disaster Resilience
Ch
Initiative (CDRI)
Initiative (CDRI)
Goals
• To measure the level of climate disaster resilience of urban poor communities
p
• To develop a yardstick i.e., Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) to measure
the level of climate disaster resilience the methodological approach to do that
• To map the communities’ position in the level of climate disaster resilience
• To help policy formulation by the development organizations and take
necessary action to enhance climate disaster resilience of communities
Source: Rajib Shaw, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Climate Disaster Resilience
Ch
Initiative (CDRI)
( )
Expected outputs
• Methodology of CDRI development
• CDRI to measure city’s climate disaster resilience
• Climate Disaster Resilience Map for each city
• Policy tools for Government and development organizations, to prioritize
the sectors in vulnerable communities
• Strength and weakness of different sectors of each dimension of CDRI
(physical/social/economic/institutional/Natural) of a city
Source: Rajib Shaw, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Cholera in Mozambique
Ch
Case of cholera in There is high correlation between the variation
Mozambique
Mozambique in cholera cases in Beira, Mozambique compared
to rainfall, temperature and humidity from 1999‐
i f ll d h idi f 1999
• Population of 18.5 million; 2003
capital 0.5 million
• Vulnerable to diarrheal diseases
Vulnerable to diarrheal diseases
• High incidence of absolute
poverty
• Low elevation, estuarine
• High humidity, temperature,
seasonal rainfall
• Concentrations of populations
near aquatic environments
near aquatic environments
• Adaptive Vibrio cholerae 01
serotypes Ogawa and Inaba
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Malaria in Ghana
Ch
Distribution of number of malaria cases and Distribution of number of malaria cases and
rainfall amount in Ashanti, Ghana mean air temperature in Ashanti, Ghana
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Korea
Ch
Statistics
• Average temperature has increased 1.5
Average temperature has increased 1 5
degrees Celsius in Korea
• By the end of the 21st century, it is
expected that temperatures will increase
b 4d
by 4 degrees Celsius and rainfall by 20
C li d i f ll b 20
percent
• Economic costs of climate change have
generally increased in Korea:
• 1960s ‐ US$100 million
• 1990s – US$600 million
• 2000+ – already US$2.7 billion
• Examples:
l
• Typhoon Rusa, 2002 – US$5.1 billion
• Typhoon Maemi, 2003 – US$4.2 billion
Source: Yeon‐Soo Park, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
Ch
Statistics
• Hourly precipitation has changed from an
average of 94.6mm/hour from 1998 to
2000 to 97.4mm/hour from 2000‐2008
• Daily precipitation has also changed from
Daily precipitation has also changed from
355.8mm/day to 415.2mm/day in the
same period
• Sea level has also increased by 37 percent
compared with1990 levels
• In addition, raised sea level temperature
has increased by 50 percent compared
with 1990 levels
Source: Yeon‐Soo Park, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate
Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management.”
Ch
The Government of Korea is taking the threat of climate change as an opportunity to develop
Th G t fK i t ki th th t f li t h t it t d l
new initiatives:
• Promoting and fostering “green” industries
• Climate Change Task Force under the Office of the Prime Minister
• Disaster managers participating in
Disaster managers participating in “adaptation”
adaptation area
area
Establishment of risk Linking land development

prediction systems plans
• Establishing a national standard • Regional
R i l flflood
d safety
f t system
t
for DRR
climate change scenario through levees

• Setting up a natural hazard and • Relocation from flood planes
disaster prediction system
• Vulnerability system for floods
Programs
Establishing “nature- Setting design codes for

friendly” disaster prevention
friendly prevention facilities
P
initiatives • Changing the design code that is

• Examples include nature-friendly based on historical events to
water cycle systems, runoff improving the design code for
reduction systems, strengthening future extreme events
of land constitution
Ch
Development of disaster and safety Promoting a natural disaster
technologies using IT interventions insurance program
• Development of a National Disaster • Managed by NEMA and operated by private
Management System (NDMS) insurance companies
• Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) for Disaster
Information
• Automated rainfall warning system and
RR
disaster damage survey system and needs

ams for DR
analysis
Progra
Strengthening emergency rescue

and relief systems
• Preparing for disaster rescue and response
Strengthening climate change
adaptation including health
CLIMATE CHANGE Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent
Ch
Lessons learned
• Assessing and addressing current and future climate risks at national levels
g g
• Assessing and addressing current and future climate risks at community
level
• Education and awareness raising
• Non‐traditional partnerships and networks
N t diti l t hi d t k
• Advocacy
• Integrating climate change into existing training, plans and strategies
Funding mechanisms
• Don’t currently match the scale of the problem
• Growing risks need growing efforts and funding
• Polluter pays principle
• Funding should be additional to existing ODA
• Funding mechanisms need to take into account changing climate risk
Funding mechanisms need to take into account changing climate risk
Source: Rebecca McNaught, 4 December 08, Side Session “Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction”
Public Private Partnerships
for Disaster Risk Reduction
Contents
• Overview
• Catastrophe risk insurance
• Statistics: Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Statistics: Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
• Challenges of insuring catastrophic risks in Asia
• Government Instruments to Finance Natural
Disasters
• Catastrophe Risk Insurance Needs in Asia
• Role of Government vs. Private Sector
• q
Pre‐requisites
• Attributes
• Benefits
Public Private Partnerships • Data requirements for insurance companies
for Disaster Risk Reduction • Increasing Catastrophe insurance penetration
• Asian Regional Catastrophe Pool
• Conclusions
• Case study: Swiss Re
• Case study: Taiwan Residential Earthquake Insurance
Pool
• Case study: Mexican catastrophe risk financing
• Case study: Catastrophic insurance in Japan
d h
• Case study: Turkey Earthquake Pool
• Case study: Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance
Facility
• Case study: Earthquake coverage for Guatemala and
El Salvador Business Continuity Planning
• Case Study: Business Continuity Management in
Case Study: Business Continuity Management in
Malaysia
• Case Study: Nestle Malaysia
• y p y
Case Study: UEM Group and Mercy Malaysia y
• Case Study: Anti‐Disaster Glass Promotion in Japan
• Case Study: Petronas Corporate Social Responsibility
PPP for DRR Overview: Public Private Partnerships (PPP)
Ch
There are variations in the phrase representing public private partnerships:
• Public‐Private Partnership (3Ps)
• Public‐Private and People Partnership (4Ps)
p p( )
• People‐lead and People‐oriented Public Private Partnership (5P)
Private institutions Public Sector institutions
• Business Corporations • Central, provincial, and local
• Corporate social responsibility governments and government owned,
• Public relations managed, supported entities
• Business opportunities
Business opportunities • They are mandated by the
constitution to be involved in DRR
• NGOs
• Multilateral and bilateral development
• Mandated
partners
• Funded
• United Nations Organizations
• Academic, religious, and civil society
Academic religious and civil society
• World Bank
institutions
• Asian Development Bank
• Regional institutions (ASEAN, SAARC)
• Bilateral and multilateral
development partners
Source: Various presentations, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Statistics: Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
Low catastrophe insurance penetration in Asia
Source: Neil Mathison, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public‐Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
Ch
Consequences of low insurance penetration
Ch
Heavy burden of natural disaster loss as a percentage of GDP and Government Revenue
Challenges of insuring catastrophic risks
PPP for DRR
Ch
in Asia
Conventional commercial insurance
l l
market financing for catastrophe
risks is ineffective in Asia:
• Lack
Lack of risk awareness for Individuals,
of risk a areness for Indi id als
Corporations, Regulators
• Lack of spread and critical mass to make
insurance affordable –vicious cycle
• Anti‐selection
Anti selection
High Concentration of Cat Exposures in Mega Cities
PPP for Challenges of insuring catastrophic risks
DRR
Ch
in Asia
Challenge of modeling and pricing
catastrophe risks:
catastrophe risks:
• Low frequency, high severity nature of the risk
• Lack of reliable data on:
• Historical record of events
• Vulnerability of buildings
V l bili f b ildi
• Exposures
• Cost of model development vs. market size
• Unbalanced heterogeneous portfolios
• High concentration of risk
High concentration of risk
Taiwan: The Challenge of Modeling Unbalanced Portfolios
Challenges of insuring catastrophic risks
PPP for DRR
Ch
in Asia
Little incentive for commercial
insurance markets to promote
catastrophe insurance:
• The challenge of modeling and pricing risk
• High levels of capital required to retain the risk
High levels of capital required to retain the risk
• Heavy reliance on reinsurance with volatile pricing
• Uncertainty in the remote risk
• Accounting and tax rules discourage the build up
of cat reserves
• Slim margins and low ROE
Commercial Insurers Reluctant to Cover Earthquake in China
PPP for DRR Government Instruments to Finance
Ch
Natural Disasters
Source: Andreas Bollmann, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public‐Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Insurance Needs in Asia
Ch
As a result of the conference,
the Delhi Declaration 2007
Recommendation to On the 7th and 8th November was adopted, among other
strengthen financial 2007, New Delhi hosted the points urging,
mechanism for disaster Second Asian Ministerial •“… the national governments to
reduction: Delhi Declaration
reduction: Delhi Declaration Conference on Disaster Risk
Conference on Disaster Risk strengthen financial mechanisms for
disaster reduction, including risk
(2007) Reduction transfer and risk finance including
innovative approaches in
microfinance, micro insurance …”
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia
Ch
To absorb large natural catastrophic events, risks need to be shared
between individuals, corporations, the domestic insurance and
global reinsurance industry and capital markets
global reinsurance industry, and capital markets
• Absent is an efficient re/insurance market (i.e. in developing and
emerging countries) and governments play a more active role as
risk taker
• We need to find new forms of public‐private partnerships to tackle
climate‐related and natural catastrophe risks
PPP for DRR Role of Government vs. Private Sector
Ch
Role of private insurance Role of government
• For many disaster types, private insurance
d • The primary role of governments is to set a
h l f
provides an efficient tool to cover financial regulatory framework which allows for
losses effective private risk transfer
• Reasons for insurance pools are manifold. • Government interventions can lead to
Pools are neither good nor bad per se and
Pools are neither good nor bad per se and unexpected effects and may trigger further
unexpected effects and may trigger further
must be evaluated case by case interventions instead of addressing the
• The primary role of insurance in disaster root causes
prevention is to ensure risk‐adjusted • In specific cases, government
pricing as this provides an incentive for
pricing, as this provides an incentive for interventions can supplement the private
interventions can supplement the private
preventive measures insurance industry and expand limits of
• State, NGO and charity organizations may insurability. Market inefficiencies or
compensate victims for non‐insurable failures may require state intervention
,
losses, but should not do so for insurable p p p p
• In public‐private partnerships
risks which are deliberately not insured governments can take different roles:
Insurer, reinsurer, rule setter, (re)insurance
buyer, risk aggregator, provider of financial
support for insurance schemes
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia:
Ch
Pre‐requisites
q
Insurability is a key prerequisite for effective private insurance
Randomness:
Assessibility: time of occurrence must be
loss probability and severity unpredictable, occurrence
must be quantifiable
must be quantifiable itself must be independent of
itself must be independent of
the will of the insured
Insurability
criteria
Mutuality:
Economic viability:
co o c ab ty
numerous exposed parties
d ti
private insurers must be able
must join together to form a
to obtain a risk‐adequate
risk community, to share and
premium
diversify the risk
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia: Attributes
Ch
Key Attributes of Catastrophic Insurance Pools for Residential
Risks
• Government Mandate –compulsion
• Limited cover for an affordable premium
• Public Private Partnership
Public Private Partnership
• Distribution of policies and claims by the private sector
• Contribution to risk capital by both private sector as well as
government
• Government contingent capital or guarantee for remote
risk‐critical subsidy
• I iti l Ad i i t ti b
Initial Administration by private sector
i t t
• Seed capital and technical assistance provided by
development banks
• Bespoke Cat Loss and Financial Modelling
PPP for DRR Catastrophe Risk Markets in Asia:
Ch
Benefits
Value of Catastrophe Pools
• National and regional catastrophe risk pooling schemes provide the platform to meet
the pressing need for wider catastrophic cover in Asia
• Pooling risk across a wide area provides better spread and more efficient use of Asian
capital to finance Asian catastrophic risk
• Mandatory pools create the spread of risk and critical mass to make catastrophic
yp p p
insurance affordable and effective
• Compulsion a key requirement to overcome lack of risk awareness and anti selection
• Provide a more efficient platform to transfer catastrophic risk into international markets
(reinsurance or capital markets)
(reinsurance or capital markets)
• Reduces uncertainty and the need for costly ‘sleep easy’ cover purchased by individual
insurers
• Provides a mechanism to encourage risk mitigation and safer construction practices
• Provides the platform to increase risk awareness
P id th l tf t i ik
• Public campaigns
• Facilitates the build up catastrophic reserves through concessionary accounting and tax
rules
• Facilitates research and investment in the modelling and pricing of cat risk
Ch
National Catastrophe Pool Conceptual Risk Transfer
p p
Programme
• Uninsured cat risk already carried by Governments
y y
• Insurance pool provides the vehicle to build a fund to
finance the risk
• Risk in excess of local fund/market capital transferred
Ri k i f l l f d/ k i l f d
to the reinsurance and capital markets
• Remote
Remote ‘top’risk
top risk guaranteed by government through
guaranteed by government through
post loss funding –not economic to reinsure
• Over time build up self supporting fund Government
Ch
Data requirements for insurance companies
Hazard Data Vulnerability Data Calibration
• Meteorological Data • Building Code • Historical Loss Data
• For tropical storm, Rm,
For tropical storm, Rm, • Code Itself, Historical
Code Itself, Historical • Type of Hazard, Date,
Type of Hazard, Date,
‫پ‬p, Translational Speed Transition, Enforcement Place, Injury, Affected
etc System, Inspection Area etc.
• Geological Data System etc. • Some data available
au t, So ype etc
• Fault, Soil Type etc. • Since most buildings in through Nat Cat Event
Asian countries are non‐ Database, EM‐Dat, and
engineered, contractor’s GLIDE however, not
quality is a key issue sufficient to design the
• Vulnerability is unknown financial product
so parametric trigger
typed transaction is
acceptable for risk taker in
spite of basis risk
Source: Hiroyuki Watabe, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public‐Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
Ch
Increasing Catastrophe Insurance
Penetration
Enhance Awareness of catastrophe
Enhance Awareness of catastrophe Sharing good practices
Sharing good practices
risk • Disseminating knowledge to stakeholders
• Many DRR projects done in the region like including local insurers
community based risk reduction and early • Insurance contracts are normally difficult for
warning system for safe evacuation
i t f f ti people with complex policy wording which
people with complex policy wording which
• Not much knowledge on risk financing decreases their interest in purchasing the
• More opportunities are required for dialogues insurance coverage
on risk financing • On the other hand, parametric trigger type
products are very easy to understand for the
client.
• There is the basis risk problem that is the
difference between received amounts and
actual loss amount
Ch
Unbalanced domestic cat risk from Asian insurers transferred
into regional pool –written by a dedicated reinsurer (ACP Re)
The diversified and balanced portfolio of cat risk written by
the pool is shared amongst Asian insurers
M
More efficient use of Asian capital for Asian cat risk
ffi i fA i i lf A i ik
Ch
Conclusions
• Risk needs to be assessed properly with Probabilistic Natural
Risk needs to be assessed properly with Probabilistic Natural
Catastrophic Risk Analysis model
• Insurer and re‐insurer want to know the risk more accurately; it is
necessary for their decision making to enter the new market
• In case of US, Europe and Japan, the Nat Cat risk is recognized clearly
with probabilistic Nat Cat model
• On the other hand, for Asian Countries, one cannot obtain and
access basic data to develop the model easily for example
access basic data to develop the model easily, for example,
meteorological data, fault data etc.
• The following are some problems:
(
• Lack of Observation (no instruments installed) )
• Lack of time series data
• Lack of uniformity in data
• Lack of accessibility to the data (paper based, language problem)
Ch
Conclusions
• Vulnerability of many Asian economies to cat risk
Vulnerability of many Asian economies to cat risk
• pressing need for action
• Local insurance markets ineffective and lack the incentives to
promote catastrophe insurance
• International reinsurance market has the expertise and capacity to
underwrite the cat risk
• Development banks keen to promote pre event risk financing
schemes to reduce dependency on post loss funding
h t d d d tl f di
• National and Regional pooling schemes
• Make the insurance of cat risk effective and affordable
• Provides an efficient platform to access the international cat
Provides an efficient platform to access the international cat
market
• Commitment and prioritisation can lead to major economic and
social benefits
PPP for DRR Case study: Swiss Re
Ch
Swiss Re
• A financial services firm with 144 years of experience
A financial services firm with 144 years of experience
• The world’s leading and most diversified reinsurer
• A proven expert in risk and capital management
• A pioneer and leader in capital market solutions
A pioneer and leader in capital market solutions
Overview
• Revenues CHF 42.8 billion
• Net income CHF 4.2 billion
• Total investments: CHF 228 billion
• Market cap CHF 29.8 billion
• 11,000+ employees
• 90 offices in 25 countries
• Headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland
PPP for DRR Case study: Swiss Re
Ch
Contributions in Risk Management
PPP for DRR Case study: Taiwan Residential Earthquake
Ch
Insurance Pool (TREIP)
( )
Overview
• September 1999 Chi Chi Earthquake
• Less than 1 percent of residential houses insured for
earthquake
• Technical insolvency of 2 provincial banks due to NPL
• Insurance Law amended to establish legal framework
in July 2001; Commenced operations April 2002
• Basic cover of US$ 35,000 (NTD 1.2m) for total loss
arising from EQ and associated perils
g Q p
• Affordable fixed premium of US$ 49 (NTD 1,459)
• Compulsory extension for homeowners purchasing
insurance policies generally those that are mortgaged
insurance policies –generally those that are mortgaged
Ch
( )
Ch
( )
Ch
( )
Case study: Mexican catastrophe
PPP for DRR
Ch
risk financing
The purpose of FONDEN

The purpose of FONDEN
• The FONDEN is a financial tool, whose purpose is to provide resources
for the 32 Mexican States and the Federal Agencies (that are in charged
of federal infrastructure) to attend the harm and damages caused by a
f f d l i f t t ) t tt d th h dd db
natural phenomenon
Change from a reactive system to a preventive system

Change from a reactive system to a preventive system
• In order to attend this new preventive perspective during 2002 and
2003, two more funds were created: Fipreden (Preventive Trust Fund)
and Fopreden (Natural Disaster Prevention Fund)
( l )
Source: Rubem Hofliger, 3 December 08, Technical Session 1 on “Public‐Private Partnerships in Disaster Risk Financing.”
PPP for DRR
Ch
risk financing
PPP for DRR Case study: Mexican catastrophe
Ch
risk financing
PPP for DRR
Ch
risk financing
New challenges and results
• FONDEN’s legal regulation aim to promote a prevention culture,
compelling the Federal Agencies and State Governments to keep
enough resources in their next budgets and annual programs for
enough resources in their next budgets and annual programs for
the infrastructure damaged by a disaster
• If the infrastructure turns out to be damaged again in the future
by a new natural disaster, FONDEN provides the resources again
• The Mexican Federal Government implemented a risk financing
strategy in order to provide emergency relief to population
affected after a earthquake of severe consequences.
• The “Mexican Cat‐bond”, formally is a mixing of parametric
insurance policy and parametric cat‐bonds covering earthquakes
in specific zones of the Mexican territory
PPP for DRR
Ch
risk financing
New challenges and results
• Besides earthquake risk, the Mexican Government is
working on a structure to include other risks such as:
• Parametric insurances against hurricanes
Parametric insurances against hurricanes
• Loss excess insurance to protect the patrimony of the
Fonden trust
• The target of FONDEN is to assign the resources to pay the
h f h h
risks coverage of catastrophic insurances and retain only a
small sum for recurrent less destructive events
• In this way, FONDEN has an enormous capacity to confront
catastrophic events of great magnitude without affecting
public finances
PPP for DRR Case study: Catastrophic insurance in Japan
Ch
Background
• PPP for earthquake risk reduction started in 1923 after the Great
f h k k d d f h
Kanto Earthquake that killed over 140,000 people. Fire following the
earthquake killed the most number of people
• At that time, the fire following earthquake was exempted by the fire
g q p y
insurance policy as almost all homes were wooden
• Social pressure led to the fire being included in spite of the
exemption
• The earthquake insurance mechanism was revisited and studied
The earthquake insurance mechanism was revisited and studied
• After Niigata Earthquake in 1964, first Earthquake insurance was
introduced
• Now the loss limit is up to 5,500 Billion Yen covered with
Government and private insurers
• After Sendai Earthquake in 1978 and Hanshin Awaji Earthquake in
1995, interest in it increased
• Reinsurance capacity was sought
Reinsurance capacity was sought
PPP for DRR Case study: Catastrophic insurance in Japan
Ch
Background Continued
• Insurance companies were reluctant to provide
earthquake insurance due to the huge uncertainty of the
size of earthquake and frequency
size of earthquake and frequency
• Government of Japan shared the earthquake risk with
private insurance company. That is good example of
Private‐Public Partnership in Japan
p p
• To stabilize the mechanism, reinsurance and CAT‐bond
are useful tools to diversify the insurance company’s
retained risk in accordance with re‐insurance market
cycle
• Government support is incentive for the private insurance
companies to provide the Natural Catastrophe Insurance
PPP for DRR Case study: Turkey Earthquake Pool
Ch
Solution features Involved parties Natural hazard background
• For earthquakes
For earthquakes • Insurance supplier: TCIP,
Insurance supplier: TCIP • Earthquake: very high (at
Earthquake: very high (at
• Insured assets: Private a legal public entity least one quake per year)
residential dwellings • Operational manager: • Tsunami: low to
• Significantly increased Garanti Sigorta moderate
penetration of
i f • Distributors: 30 local
i ib 30 l l • Thunderstorms:
h d
earthquake coverage in insurance companies and moderate
Turkey their agencies on behalf • Floods: medium to high
• Limit of policy coverage: of TCIP exposure to flash floods
TLY 100 000 (USD 69 000
( • Reinsurers: Swiss Re and
approx.), likely to be other overseas reinsurers
increased. Additional
cover can be bought from
private insurers
i t i
• Inception: 2000
• Funding: Compulsory
premiums paid by
homeowners
PPP for DRR Case study: Caribbean Catastrophe Risk
Ch
Insurance Facility (CCRIF)
y( )
Solution features Background
• Caribbean states are highly
• The CCRIF offers parametrically triggered hurricane susceptible to natural disasters and
and earthquake insurance policies (akin to business
d h k i li i ( ki b i have only limited options available
interruption insurance) to 16 CARICOM governments to respond. With small economies
and high debt levels, they often
• The policies provide immediate liquidity to depend on donors to finance post‐
participating governments when affected by events disaster needs, but donor resources
with a probability of 1 in 15 years or over
ih b bili f i often arrive late or not at all
often arrive late or not at all
• The CCRIF was launched in June
• The mechanism will be triggered by the intensity of 2007 on behalf of the Caribbean
the event (e.g. winds exceeding a certain speed). This Community (CARICOM) heads of
means countries will get automatic payments, government under the guidance of
the World Bank with financial
the World Bank with financial
without having to wait for an assessment of the support from international donors
damage • CCRIF participating governments
• Member governments choose how much coverage are: Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda,
Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,
they need up to an aggregate limit of USD100 million , y
Bermuda, Cayman Islands, ,
Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica,
St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent
Involved parties & the Grenadines, Trinidad &
Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands
• Reinsurers: Swiss Re and other overseas reinsurers
Reinsurers: Swiss Re and other overseas reinsurers
• Reinsurance program placed by Benfield Ltd.
PPP for DRR Case study: Earthquake coverage for
Ch
Guatemala and El Salvador
Solution features
Background
• Parametric earthquake coverage of USD 25m for
G t
Guatemala and El Salvador
l d El S l d • Such a program will help
Such a program will help
• This is the first ever securitisation of earthquake risk in these organizations in
Central America becoming more proactive
• Innovative trigger mechanisms: Index is based on the in planning and
population exposed to certain levels of ground shaking
population exposed to certain levels of ground‐shaking anticipating relief needs
anticipating relief needs
intensity as measured by the Modified Mercalli Intensity in areas of the world
scale affected by severe
• This transaction successfully demonstrates that catastrophes
charitable foundations governmental relief
charitable foundations, governmental relief
• In case of a triggering
I f i i
organizations and corporations can leverage their
funding to the benefit of developing nations affected by event, funds will be
natural disasters readily available for relief
g g g
• Donation to coverage leverage can be as high as 45 times efforts rather than post
(USD 1 million of donations can be used for USD 45 event fund raising
million in relief) • The transaction was well
• Other triggers are being developed for a wide variety of received by investors
disasters ((oversubscribed))
PPP for DRR Business Continuity Planning (BCP)
Ch
Definition
• Holistic management process that identifies potential threats to an
Holistic management process that identifies potential threats to an
organization and the impacts to business operations that those threats, if
realized, might cause, and which provides a framework for building
organizational resilience with the capability for an effective response
that safeguards the interests of its key stakeholders reputation brand
that safeguards the interests of its key stakeholders, reputation, brand
and value‐creating activities.” (British Standards Institute)
International standards and guidelines
g
• BS 25999‐1:2006: Code of Practice
• BS 25999‐1:2007: Specification
• HB221:2004
• BCI Good Practice Guidelines 2007
• DRII/BCI Professional Practices for
• Business Continuity Practitioner 2004
y
Ch
Purpose
• The purpose of a Business
h f
Continuity Plan is to enable
an organization to recover
or maintain its activities in
or maintain its activities in
the event of a disruption to
normal business operations
• These plans are activated to
These plans are activated to
support the critical
activities required to deliver
the organization’s
objectives. They may be
invoked in whole or part
and at any stage of the
response to an incident
response to an incident
Ch
1. Assess the impact that would occur over 2. Establish the Maximum Tolerable Outage
time if the activity was disrupted (MTO) of each activity by identifying:
• The maximum time period after the start of a disruption
within which the activity needs to be resumed
ithi hi h th ti it d t b d
• The minimum level at which the activity needs to be
performed on its resumption
• The Length of time within which normal levels of
operation need to be resumed
Business Impact Analysis
3. Identify any interdependent activities, 4. Consider the impact upon:
assets, supporting infrastructure or
assets, supporting infrastructure or • Staff or public wellbeing
Staff or public wellbeing
resources that have also to be maintained • Damage or loss of premises, plant or data
Sample BIA template
continuously or recovered over time • Breaches of statutory or regulatory duties
• Damage to reputation or financial viability
• Deterioration of product or service quality
• Environmental damage
Source: Author unknown, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Case Study: Business Continuity
Ch
Management in Malaysia
g y
Malaysian standards and guidelines
• SIRIM – MS 1970:2007
• Bank Negara Malaysia – BNM
• Guidelines 2008
Implementation varies by sector
• In general, sectors with comprehensive BCM
programme are (in descending order):
• Financial services
• Multinational Oil & Gas corporations
• Telecommunication
• Airline and aerodrome operators
• Other sectors are more ad‐hoc
Source: Ong Ai Lin, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Case Study: Nestle Malaysia
Ch
Business Continuity Planning Organigram/Structure
PPP for DRR Case Study: Nestle Malaysia
Ch
PPP for DRR Case Study: UEM Group and Mercy Malaysia
Ch
Overview
• UEM is owned by Khazanah Nasional Berhad (Investment arm of the Malaysian
G
Government) t)
• UEM setup UEM ALERT during the Johor Floods of December 2006. The directives
included:
• UEM ALERT as a part of the Human Capital Development Program
• UEM ALERT leading and facilitating programs for all employees in humanitarian
UEM ALERT l di d f ili i f ll l i h i i
and charitable causes
• UEM ALERT channeling group effort riding on Group synergies
• UEM Group employees came together to help contribute physically and in terms of
f d&
food & money to help those in need
t h l th i d
• UEM Group & Khazanah immediately pledged approximately US$250,000 (RM1M) in
funds and resources to provide emergency relief assistance
Lessons learned:
• UEM has a culture of systems and processes for long‐term effectiveness
• UEM has economies of scale in resources
• Efficiencies in partnerships can be gained where skills and resources are lacking
Source: Masahiro Takeda, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
PPP for DRR Case Study: UEM Group and Mercy Malaysia
Ch
UEM partnership with Mercy Malaysia
• To develop UEM’s employees understanding of humanitarian relief
• UEM pledges funds to Mercy Malaysia
• Mercy may work with UEM Academy and UEM Leadership utilizing facilities
• Trained UEM employees enrolled as UEM ALERT volunteers for
humanitarian response
humanitarian response
• 2007
• Inaugural Volunteer Induction Programs
• UEM ALERT volunteers involvement in Mercy’s Basic Mission Training
y g
Programs
• Short Band Radio training and qualification programs for both UEM
ALERT members and staff of Mercy Malaysia
• Flood preparedness initiatives
Flood preparedness initiatives
• 2008
• UEM ALERT members involvement in Mercy’s Disaster Preparedness
Programs
• More structured approach to flood preparedness programs
PPP for DRR Case Study: Anti‐Disaster Glass Promotion
Ch
in Japan
p
Breakdown of usage of glass
Case Study: Petronas Corporate Social
PPP for DRR
Ch
Responsibility
Volunteer Opportunity Programme
• Program launched in April 2005
• Enlisted 350 staff members
• Deployed or trained volunteers through the programme or with Mercy
Malaysia
• Over 100 staff have been deployed on missions
• Approximately 150 have specialized training
Objectives
• Focused on developing a pool of volunteers trained in Total Disaster Risk
Management and exposed in the area of humanitarian relief efforts for
communities stricken by disasters
g p
• Aimed at inculcating the spirit of volunteerism
• Providing a platform for PETRONAS employees to contribute their time, skills
and experience for the benefit of the community through specialized
humanitarian relief programmes conducted by partners such as Mercy
Malaysia
• Provides an opportunity for cultural integration, leadership development,
character building,
Source: Rosli Abdul Rahim, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Private Sector’s engagement in DRR in Malaysia.”
Urban Disaster Risk Reduction
Contents
• Statistics
• Urban Disaster Risk Reduction and HFA
• UCLG Istanbul Declaration
UCLG Istanbul Declaration
• Asia Regional Task Force on Urban Risk Reduction
• Case Study: EMI Projects on Urban DRR
• Case Study: PURR
Case Study: PURR
• Case Study: ADPC Promise Program
• Case Study: United Nations University
• Challenges and Recommendations
Challenges and Recommendations
URBAN DRR Statistics: Urbanization in Asia
Ch
Levels of Global Urbanization in 1950
Ch
Levels of Expected Urbanization in 2015
Ch
• Concentration of people in cities is increasing their vulnerabilities to natural
h
hazards, civil strife, and climate change impacts
d l f d l h
• In Asia there are more than 30 mega cities (populations more than 5 million)
URBAN DRR Urban Disaster Risk Reduction and HFA
Ch
Trend in urban disaster risk
Overview Current initiatives
reduction
• No “standard” of practice • Launching of several urban • Words into Action for Local
for local level DRM DRR programs by Governments for HFA
• Lack of coherency and international organizations Implementation
complementarities among (e.g., World Bank GFDRR, • Radius +10
ongoing urban DRM UNDP/BCPR, UNISDR IAP, • ADPC‐Project PROMISE
i iti ti
initiatives RTF URR)
RTF‐URR)
• JICA Technical Training on
• No adequate mechanism • DDR Initiatives of regional DRR
for measuring organizations (e.g., ADPC,
• Urban Risk Profiling
effectiveness in terms of ADRC, JICA, WHO‐Kobe,
UNISDR, Citynet, Kyoto
mainstreaming DRR in
mainstreaming DRR in UNU etc )
UNU etc.)
University)
local government functions • Recognition of and action
• EMI Cluster Cities Project
• Inadequate financial, on urban risk by national
/3cd Program in Metro
technical and human governments
Manila, Kathmandu
resources at local level
resources at local level • Increasing awareness and
Increasing awareness and
• WB/GFDRR Primer on
/G i
action among local
Reducing Vulnerabilities
governments and local
for Climate Change
government organizations
Impacts and Strengthening
UCLG, CITYNET,
DRM In East Asian Cities
DRM In East Asian Cities
METROPOLIS, ICLEI, EMI
Source: Violeta Somera‐Seva, 2 December 08, Special Session on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific .”
URBAN DRR UCLG Istanbul Declaration
Ch
UCLG Istanbul Declaration Local Action For Disaster Risk Reduction
• This calls to states, multilateral and bilateral agencies and the UN
System, the UNISDR and all stakeholders to support the following:
• Local DRR strategies and actions and sharing of best practices at
Local DRR strategies and actions and sharing of best practices at
the local level
• Improve communication and coordination of actions with
representative organizations
representative organizations
• Set up capacity building/training programs for municipal staff,
launch awareness raising and education campaign
• Adapt and develop a local framework for action derived from HFA
Ad t d d l l lf kf ti d i d f HFA
• Set up a Global Forum for local governments as institutional
support for implementation of the HFA at the local level
Source: Violeta Somera‐Seva, 2 December 08, Special Session on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific .”
Asia Regional Task Force on
URBAN DRR
Ch
Urban Risk Reduction
Why urban?
• Vulnerability due to urbanization is increasing
• Urban areas are prone to geological and hydro meteorological disasters
• Urban risk has been neglected
• There are weak institutional arrangements
• Lack of political feasibility
• Insufficient knowledge, experience, capacity
Why Asia?
• Urbanization is high in Asia
• Population density is high
• Greater vulnerabilities
History
• UN/ISDR Hyogo Office together with close partners took an initiative to develop the Asia
Regional Task Force on URR as a thematic group on urban risk reduction within the ISDR
system in Asia to facilitate and accelerate efforts and actions for urban risk reduction
system in Asia to facilitate and accelerate efforts and actions for urban risk reduction
Source: Yuki Matsuoka, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
URBAN DRR
Ch
Asia Regional Task Force on Urban Risk Reduction
• 15 members and open for expansion
• Goal is to enhance decisive actions to reduce risk and increase
community resilience in the urban areas in the Asia region
• Objective is to act as an advocacy vehicle to major urban policy bodies;
• To provide a platform for collective information and knowledge
• development sharing ;
development sharing ;
• To facilitate interactions and cooperation among related organizations
and stakeholders for collaborative efforts
URBAN DRR
Ch
Short Thematic Review on Inventory of urban risk Guidelines for implementation
Urban Risk in Asia reduction initiatives in the Asia of the HFA
• Contribution to the Global Assessment Region • Production of guidelines for
Report • HFA Status Report on urban risk
HFA Status Report on urban risk implementation of HFA for local
reduction in Asia governments
• Distribution at Global Platform
Radius plus 10 Urban Risk Profiling Initiative
• Support analysis of seismic risks for • Climate Disaster Resilience Initiative
cities, and development of risk (CDRI) for Asia‐Pacific Cities
scenarios and an action plans for cities • Led by Kyoto University in cooperation
Meetings of the Regional Task
,a set of recommendations
a set of recommendations with Citynet UNISDR UNU
with Citynet, UNISDR, UNU Force
• Development of a climate disaster
resilience index
Production of basic documents
• Terms of reference
• Flyer and CD ROM Intranet of the RTF‐URR within
• Work plan and relevant meeting list
PreventionWeb
URBAN DRR Case Study: EMI Projects on Urban DRR
Ch
Activities for 2009
Activities for 2009
ProVention Consortium Project ‐ Disaster World Bank Institute ‐ Distance Learning
Risk Reduction in Megacities and Complex • Program on Natural Disaster Risk
Urban Metropolises – Phase II (Aug. 2007‐ • Management (Aug. 2006 – Dec. 2009)
Jul. 2009)
• Development of DRM tools and eLearning courses
• MEGA‐Index, MEGA‐Know, MEGA‐Learn, MEGA‐Plan,
MEGA‐Safe
MEGA Safe
German FFO – DKKV Project: Phase II (Jul.
2008 ‐ Dec. 2009)
• Development of a risk‐sensitive land use plan for
Kathmandu
• Structuring and implementing a competent disaster risk
management unit in Kathmandu
• Urban redevelopment planning for one of the most
disaster‐prone neighborhoods of Makati City
• Training of disaster management professionals within
M t M il
Metro Manila on competent, local‐level emergency
t t l ll l
management practices
Source: Violeta Somera‐Seva, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
Ch
Activities for 2009
Activities for 2009
UNDP – Amman (Apr. 2007 – Partnership for Urban Risk
Apr. 2009)
Apr. 009) Reduction (Apr. 2008 –
Reduction (Apr. 008 Apr.
Apr.
• Reducing earthquake risk in Amman, 2009)
Jordan through a Disaster Risk • Worldwide awareness campaign
Management Master Planning
• Local capacity building
p y g
approachh
• Building and strengthening a Global
Platform for Local Authorities
World Bank/GFDRR Project ‐
Phase 1
• Jun –
Jun – Dec 2008
Dec 2008
• Strengthening the DRM capacity of
local government units in the
Philippines
Ch
URBAN DRR Case Study: PURR
Ch
Overview
• PURR
PURR is an ad hoc coalition composed of UCLG, ICLEI, Metropolis,
is an ad hoc coalition composed of UCLG ICLEI Metropolis
CITYNET and EMI, set up as an advocacy and support initiative to
local authorities worldwide
Objective
• Worldwide awareness campaigns about risk reduction in regions
p g g
regularly affected by natural disasters
• Building capacity at the local level to foresee and manage risks by
transferring technical know‐how to local actors and decision‐
makers
k
• Setting up a global platform for local authorities and their partners
in order to build and promote a sustainable strategy for disaster
risk reduction within the broader international context
risk reduction within the broader international context
URBAN DRR Case Study: ADPC Promise Program
Ch
Overview
• Program for Hydro‐Meteorological Disaster Mitigation in Secondary Cities in Asia
(PROMISE)
Member Lead institution City Activities

countries
Bangladesh Bangladesh Disaster
Bangladesh Disaster Chittagong • Enhancement
Enhancement of emergency response
of emergency response
Preparedness Center (BDPC) capacity
• City demonstration projects
Indonesia Bandung Institute of Metro
Technology (ITB) Jakarta
• Setting up community level EOC
• Safer shelters
Safer shelters
Pakistan Aga Khan Planning and Hyderabad
Building Services • Guidelines
Philippines Center for Disaster Dagupan
• Improve construction practices
Preparedness (CDP) • Small scale disaster mitigation initiatives
• Regional level capacity building initiatives
R i ll l it b ildi i iti ti
Sri Lanka Lanka Jathika Sarvodaya Kalutara • National level capacity building initiatives
Sangamana (Sarvodaya)
• School safety programs
Vietnam Center for International Da Nang • Advocacy for mainstreaming DRR
studies and Cooperation • Regional networking
(CECI)
• Information dissemination
Source: ADPC, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Reducing Disaster Risk in Urban Areas.”
URBAN DRR
Ch
Case Study: United Nations University
Activities for 2009
• Disaster Management
• International Programs
International Programs
• Flood Risk Assessment
• Landslides
• Managing Basin Water Cycle
• Urban Water Cycle
Urban Water Cycle
• Mekong Basin ‐ Research Network
• GEOSS/AWCP Capacity Development
• Climate Change
• Adaptation for global dimming
• Workshop: Making Adaptation Work
Initiative on Catastrophic Flood Risk Reduction: The need for an Asia Pacific Initiative on
Catastrophic Flood Risk Reduction was identified at a regional workshop in 2003 with
representation from Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia,
Nepal Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Thailand and Vietnam
Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.
Source: Akhilesh Surjan, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Asian Urban Task Force (UTF).”
URBAN DRR Challenges and Recommendations
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Challenges
• As urban centers grow and develop, there are new risks
• Increased floods, underground space flooding, etc.
• Ensuring human security in urban areas
• Infrastructure development that takes into consideration vulnerability
• Guidelines for catastrophic flood resistant urban communities
• Training programs for professionals
• Rapidly training trainers, especially in preparation for extreme events
R idl t i i t i i ll i ti f t t
• The implementation of local‐level urban DRR faces both challenges and opportunities on the ground
• To fast track collective action among local governments and local government organizations must be
vigorously pursued and supported
Recommendations
• Urban renovation and rejuvenation
• Enforcement of construction standards
• Raising of standards of practice, care and work ethics
• More favorable legal and institutional arrangements
• Building a culture of prevention
• DRR mainstreaming through systemic strategic planning
• Generation of resources –financial, human & technical
G ti f fi i l h &t h i l
• Collective action, e.g., Partnership for Urban Risk Reduction (PURR)
Community Based
Contents
• Overview
• HFA and CBDRR
• Process
• Critical Guidelines
• Risk Governance
• Critical Perspectives
Critical Perspectives
• Case Study: DelPHE Project and RRCs
• Case Study: CBDRM Joint Advocacy Network
Initiative (JANI) in Vietnam
• Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
CBDRR Case Studies
Community Based
• Case Study: Bangladesh
• Case Study: Vietnam
• Case Study: Myanmar
• Case Study: IFRC
• Case Study: IFRC Malaysia
• Case Study: IFRC Sri Lanka
• Case Study: IFRC Philippines
• Case Study: ADRRN
• Case Study: Langkawi, Malaysia
• Challenges in CBDRR
h ll
DRR Overview: Community Based
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Definition
• A process of disaster risk management in which communities at risk are engaged in the
identification, evaluation, analysis, planning, monitoring of disaster risks in order to reduce
th i
their vulnerabilities and enhance their response capacities
l biliti d h th i iti
• Sustained involvement of communities in the process of development decision‐making to
ensure reduction of risks to potential disasters that threaten them, and facing disasters
better collectively and individually
Characteristics include
• Combination of top‐down and bottom‐up approaches
• Flat organizational structure
Flat organizational structure
• People‐centric approach
• Empowerment
• Community ownership
• Top
Top‐down
down approach
approach
• Hierarchy
• Authoritative
• Government decision making
• Governmental ownership
Governmental ownership
Source: Aini Mat Said, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency Management”
and Vishaka Hidellage, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
Local Governments and Non‐governmental Organizations”
DRR Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction
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(
(CBDRR) )
Comparison of roles and
responsibilities
Source: Bevita Dwi M., Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
DRR HFA reinterpreted in a community‐led process
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Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~
promoting resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR Community Based Disaster Management Process
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Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
resilience through public awareness and education on DRR.”
DRR CBDRM Critical Guidelines
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Overview Potential Application Potential Users
• Guidance on Shared • Serve as Benchmarks for • Individuals, groups,

Standards of the sector organizations &
Performance • Guidelines for Project departments
• Where “Sphere” Planning & Design • Concerned with the:
Guidelines were 15 • Indicators for Project
j g, g
• Planning, design and
years ago Evaluation & Impact implementation of
• Developed under PDR Assessment community based
SEA Phase 3 in March • Basis for Advocacy & initiatives & projects
2006 Policy formulation
Policy formulation • Evaluation of
Evaluation of
• Drafted in 2005‐2006 at • Materials for staff community based
4 National Workshops orientation/training initiatives
and 1 Regional • Advocacy on
Workshopsp mainstreaming CBDRM
mainstreaming CBDRM
• Work in Progress • Policy making on
community‐based
disaster risk reduction
Source: Mel Capistrano, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement & Empowerment
of Local Governments and Non‐governmental Organizations”
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Level 4:
• Related to all the preceding levels: core values, strategy
Implementation
and tactics
Principles
p
Level 3: Tactical
• Practical outworking of the strategic principles
Practical outworking of the strategic principles
Principles
• Policy direction of CBDRM that will be
Level 2: Strategic Principles informed and be based on the ethical
principles
• Underlying shared beliefs and
concerns of the organization
Level 1: Ethical, Core Value Principles
and of its mandate as it seeks
to undertake CBDRM
to undertake CBDRM
Source: Mel Capistrano, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Empowerment of Local Governments and Non‐governmental Organizations”
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Level 1: Ethical, Level 2: Level 4:

Level 3: Tactical
Core Value Strategic Implementation
Principles
Principles
Principles Principles Principles
PRINCIPLE 1. Observe Basic PRINCIPLE 9. Baseline Data
Rights PRINCIPLE 5. Strategic
i
Considerations
PRINCIPLE 10. Measuring PRINCIPLE 15. Cultural
Quantifiable and Non‐ Adaptation of Indicators
Quantifiable Indicators
PRINCIPLE 2. Share
Information concerning those
‘at
at‐risk
risk’ PRINCIPLE 11. Measuring
g
Minimum Requirements
PRINCIPLE 6. Trust vs Control
PRINCIPLE 12. Relevance of
PRINCIPLE 3. Share Indicators
Assessment Information
PRINCIPLE 13. Updating of
indicators within a context of PRINCIPLE 16. Side‐Effects
PRINCIPLE 7. Ensuring Staff dynamic change
PRINCIPLE 4. Collaborate Commitment and
rather than compete Competence
PRINCIPLE 14. Mainstreaming
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Process 2: Select Process 3: Build
Process 1: Undertake
communities for rapport and
groundwork for
CBDRM through risk understand the
CBDRM
assessment community
Process 4: Process 5: Process 6:

Participatory disaster Community‐managed Participatory
risk management implementation of risk monitoring and
planning reduction measures evaluation
DRR CBDRM Critical Guidelines Process Outcomes
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Outcome 3:
Outcome 1: Outcome 2:
Community Hazard,
Community‐Based Community Disaster
Vulnerability Capacity
Vulnerability, Capacity
Organization (CBO)
( ) Risk Reduction Fund
k d d
Map (HVCM)
Outcome 4:
Outcome 6:
Community Disaster Outcome 5: CBO
Community Drills
Risk Management Training System
System
Plan
l
Outcome 7: Outcome 8: Outcome 9: Active

Community Learning Community Early Link with Local
System Warning System Authorities
DRR Risk Governance
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Source: Andrew Collins, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
DRR Risk Governance
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Policy Context
• The institutionalization of disaster risk reduction in recent years has created
greater realization of the relevance and need of studies that can inform the
manner in which risk and resilience can be locally governed. i.e. Hyogo Accord
(2005)
Proactive Engagement
• Strategy to engage civilians
• Identify risks, vulnerabilities and hazards
Identify risks vulnerabilities and hazards
• Locally owned prevention and response
• Counteract moral/social downturns in society, with potential economic and
environmental benefits
• Benefits
fi
• Engage knowledge, attitudes and practice
• Sustainability
p , j
• Address multiple hazards and risks, not just some
DRR Risk Governance
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Balancing Issues
DRR Risk Governance
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Household based resilience building
Household based resilience building
DRR Risk Governance
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Strengthened Community
Strengthened Community
DRR Risk Governance
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Weakened Community
Weakened Community
DRR Risk Governance
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From integrated vulnerability to integrated wellbeing
DRR Risk Governance
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The Community Risk and Resilience Committee
• Community
Community based risk and resilience assessment is the
based risk and resilience assessment is the
beginning of a process whereby local people take the lead in
building their capacity to manage their own disaster risk
reduction processes
p
• It can produce a high level of acceptance at community
level
• Political context within which it operates has a crucial
p
influence – gates open and close
• Broad concept of community involvement in risk reduction
is not new but is hugely under‐utilized, awaiting wider sets
of experiences.
• Links rights, representation, knowledge, capacity and
DRR Risk Governance
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Purpose of RRC programme
• To trial a series of Risk and Resilience Committees to identify the circumstances
t c t ey ay e ect e y e a ce co u ty o ed a a d a d
within which they may effectively enhance community owned hazard and
vulnerability mitigation
• To examine the impact of Risk and Resilience Committees in varied settings as a
community based approach to disaster reduction
p g pp p p
• To seek empirical evidence for strengths and opportunities in a people centered
risk reduction and resilience building approach
• To understand locally based governance of risk and resilience
Activities
• Joint community‐university‐government research and learning on localized
• Assessment of the manner in which communities build resilience
Assessment of the manner in which communities build resilience
• Assessment how risk and resilience committees can improve wellbeing (i.e. not
just to cope with disaster but through promotion of sustainable development
and wellbeing)
• Monitor changes in risk, resilience and wellbeing
Monitor changes in risk, resilience and wellbeing
DRR Risk Governance
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Applications of RRC
• Disaster risk reduction
• Health risk reduction
Health risk reduction
• Community strengthening
• Good governance
• Cost effectiveness
• S
Sustainable development
i bl d l
• Preparedness
The risk and resilience process
p
• Reducing knowledge gap (R+R assessment)
• Localizing solutions (R+R management)
g g gp p ( g
• Engaging people (R+R governance) )
• Empower people – communication and research
• Sensitize institutions ‐ same
• Delineate responsibilities of the state
• Legislate rights of individuals, and responsibilities of informal and private sectors
Legislate rights of individuals and responsibilities of informal and private sectors
DRR Risk Governance
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Questions
• Is there evidence of the need for new forms of local risk and
resilience governance, such as through RRCs, or similar, or are we
really looking at small adjustments to existing societies using
existing community routines?
• Uncertainty ongoing over balance of individually driven motivation
Uncertainty ongoing over balance of individually driven motivation
to risk manage versus structurally motivated interventions
Towards some conclusions

Towards some conclusions
• Putting people at the centre of change.
• People interact with and adapt to hazards, manage risks, demand
rights, develop resilience and secure livelihood niches
i h d l ili d li lih d i h
• However, supportive research and governance contexts are needed
to identify how to harness this to reduce conflict and other risks,
regenerate societies and enhance community wellbeing
regenerate societies and enhance community wellbeing
DRR Critical perspectives and concerns on CBDRM
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Critical Perspectives on CBDRM
• Effective
Effective CB approaches need strong state support (Veron 2006)
CB approaches need strong state support (Veron 2006)
but DM in poorer countries is characterized by missing expertise
of the state (Rajan 2002)
• Poor and marginalized groups may not get their interests met as
Poor and marginalized groups may not get their interests met as
local elites may capture resources (Pelling 2007, Veron 2006)
• CBDRR may be an added burden to communities, especially when
not matched by resources (Allen 2006, Mansuri and Rao 2004)
not matched by resources (Allen 2006, Mansuri and Rao 2004)
and where livelihood strengthening is a higher priority than
disaster preparedness (Paton and Johnson 2001, Chen, Liu and
Chen 2006)
• Little research on effective institutional arrangements (Rajan
2002) or factors promoting/undermining community institutions
(Coombes 2007)
Source: Samantha Jones, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction Platforms
DRR Case Study: DelPHE Project and RRCs
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Study Overview
• DelPHE project: ‘People centered hazard and vulnerability mitigation for DRR
i N
in Nepal and Bangladesh’
l d B l d h’
• RRCs: Municipal or village platforms that monitor, record and promote
localized DRR and dialogue
• Two very different institutional arrangements formed the comparative case
y g p
studies
Research Questions
• Where does ‘the community’ think responsibility for DM should lie?
• Do CBDRR institutions represent the interests of marginalized/ vulnerable
groups?
• Are communities interested/ motivated in DRR (or only livelihood
strengthening)? Is DRR an added burden?
• What institutional arrangements are most effective, sustainable and show
greatest capacity for DRR?
greatest capacity for DRR?
DRR Case Study: DelPHE Project and RRCs
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Study conclusions
• Panchkhal
Panchkhal and Dhankuta of DelPHE project differed considerably
and Dhankuta of DelPHE project differed considerably
in terms of where communities felt responsibility for DRR should
lie
• Motivation in elite groups/ socially minded to contribute some
Motivation in elite groups/ socially minded to contribute some
time but directing agenda (elite control)
• Longstanding power imbalances make true representation of
marginalized groups challenging (elite capture?)
g g p g g p
• DM capacity is not very strong, but institutionally embedded
arrangements show greatest potential
• At the CBO/VDC level, livelihood strengthening activities may be
better supported
• Municipality may be the most appropriate institutional level for
DRR – with independent, representative committees
DRR Case Study: CBDRM Joint Advocacy Network
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COMMUNITY
( )
Existing national DRM networks in Vietnam
JANI Members
• CARE International in Vietnam (CARE)
• Save the Children Alliance
• Netherlands Red Cross
p p (
• Development Workshop France (DWF) )
• Canadian Centre for International
Studies and Cooperation
• (CECI)/ACTAID
• Action Aid
• ADRA
• WHO
• World Vision
• Spanish Red Cross
• Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre
Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre
(ADPC)
Source: Aslam Perwiz , Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement & Empowerment of
DRR Case Study: CBDRM Joint Advocacy Network
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( )
Integration of CBDRM into
Better synergy/information sharing Public Awareness Raising
development
• Regular Coordination Meetings
Regular Coordination Meetings – • CBDRM integration training
CBDRM integration training • Media Campaigns for DRR at
Media Campaigns for DRR at
Align with the DM Working Group workshops (advocacy skill, national and local levels
• Online CBDRM repository integration skill) (engagement of the media into
(www.ccfsc.org.vn/ndm‐p) • Integration of DM into school DRR, joint TV and radio broadcasts,
• Conceptualize CBDRM and develop curriculum etc)
( ,
CBDRM framework (what it is, how y g p (
• Policy dialogue platforms (disaster • Advocacy activities on the National
to do, procedures, target audience, management legislation, and International Disaster Days (22
etc) regulations, NDMP, etc) May and 2 October)
• Disaster tours (for experience • Technical workshops on the
sharing, relationship strengthening, National Strategies and SNAP
human resource building)
• CBDRM Good Practices (leadership,
human resources, means and
logistics on the spot)
• Promote Indigenous knowledge on
DM and CC (linking local
knowledge and scientific research)
• Joint Partnership and innovative
IEC materials (leaflets, brochures,
articles, etc)
Source: Aslam Perwiz , Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Regional Consultative Committee (RCC): Country
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
Background
• Theme of RCC 7 Meeting, Colombo, May, 2008 was ‘Community
led disaster risk reduction’
• 12 RCC member countries submitted Country Papers on CBDRR
• 5 RCC member countries presented country experiences on
national programmes on CBDRR at the RCC 7 Meeting
• 28 delegates from 19 RCC member countries participated in a
group discussion during the meeting on meeting the challenges to
institutionalize and up scale CBDRR
• Working Paper on ‘Implementing national programs on CBDRR in
high risk communities: lessons learned, challenges and way
ahead’ developed by the RCC for the 3rd Asian Ministerial
Conference on DRR, 2‐4 December, 2008
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
Lessons Learned from RCC country experiences
Outcome 1: CBDRR
prioritized in the
p
National Policies and
Frameworks on DRR
Outcome 7: National
Outcome 2: National
initiatives on Capacity
DRR Plans identify
Building for CBDRR
Building for CBDRR
CBDRR as a priority
and Partnerships for
component
CBDRM
Outcome 6: Funding Outcome 3: National
schemes for CBDRR Programs on CBDRR
Outcome 4: Integration
Outcome 5: National of CBDRR in National
Tools on CBDRR and Local Development
Planning
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
CBDRR prioritized in the National Policies and Frameworks on DRR
• National Disaster Management Framework mandates the preparation of
India community based mitigation, preparedness and response plans
• National Strategic Plan for Disaster Management to 2020, 2010 and
Lao PDR Action Plan 2005, recognizes the importance of involving the community
in dealing with disaster risk and the necessity to build their capacity
• The National Security Council Directive No. 20 (NSC No. 20 ) attaches
Malaysia priority to CBDRR through educational programmes and drill or exercises.
• National Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Management Framework
Mongolia for Action 2006‐2015 identifies CBDRM as a priority direction for
supporting vulnerable population in hazard prone areas
• Identifies CBDRM one of the nine priorities (Priority 6) of the National
p ( y )
P ki t
Pakistan Disaster Management Framework
• National Disaster Management Plan 2008‐2012 and National Disaster
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Management Policy emphasize the importance of community
engagement in disaster management
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
National DRR Plans identify CBDRR as a priority component
• National Plan for Disaster Management
g
Bangladesh (2007‐2015) recognizes community
empowerment which is operationalized by
CBDRR as one of the six key result areas
• National Action Plan for DRR (2006‐2009),
Indonesia Indonesia, prioritizes implementation of
CBDRR d i t
CBDRR and integrating it with the local
ti it ith th l l
development master plan
• Road Map for Safer Sri Lanka (2006‐2015)
Sri Lanka prioritizes CBDRR as one of its seven
program components
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
National Programs on CBDRR
• GoI DRM Programme ‐2002‐2008, initiated in 25 districts in 3
India States and expanded to 169 multi‐hazard prone districts in 17
States based on the 1st edition of the Vulnerability Atlas of India
• Program Component 6 of the Road Map for Safer Sri Lanka aims to
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka establish a sustained national program on CBDRM to build the
resilience and capacity in at‐risk communities for response and
disaster risk management. This is planned to be achieved in a
phased manner over next 10 years
• Over the past years the Department of Disaster Prevention and
p y p
Thailand Mitigation had up scaled the implementation of CBDRR initiatives
from 51villages in 2004 to 367 in 2007
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
Integration of CBDRR in National and Local Development Planning
• The Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP) on DRR (2008‐2013), in its
The Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP) on DRR (2008 2013) in its
implementation plan of the first two years includes Integrating DRR
Cambodia into the formal commune development planning process
• CBDRR activities are led by the Island Development Committees. Local
authorities are members of the Island development committees and
Maldives they act as the link between the regional head office and the Ministry
of Atolls Development and the National Disaster Management Center
• Have integrated CBDRM into national and sub‐national development
plans such as the Philippine Medium Term Development Plan
Th Phili i
The Philippines
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
National Tools on CBDRR
• Developed the tool on Community Risk Assessments
(CRA) and Risk Reduction Action Plans (RRAP)
Bangladesh
• Ongoing initiative to produce multi‐hazard maps under
The the project on Hazard Mapping and Assessment for
Effective Community‐based Disaster Risk Management ‐
READY project. It has three main components: multi‐
Philippines hazard identification and assessment community‐based

hazard identification and assessment, community based
disaster preparedness and mainstreaming risk reduction
into the local development planning process
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
Funding schemes for CBDRR
• A minimum of 25% of the total Local Disaster Risk Reduction
A minimum of 25% of the total Local Disaster Risk Reduction
Bangladesh Funding Guidelines (LDRRF), is earmarked for community
proposals drawn from the Community Risk Assessment
(CRA) and Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP) processes.
• Identified priority projects and budget estimates for program
Sri Lanka component six on CBDRR in their Road Map. Total budget
estimates for CBDRR is more than USD 28M phased over a
10‐year
10 year period
period
• Cabinet has approved central budget for CBDRR in 2007—
Thailand USD 2.6M for evacuation drills in provinces and districts; and
p
USD 377,000 for One Tambon One Search and Rescue
(OTOP) project
;
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
National initiatives on capacity building for CBDRR
• Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme
(CDMP) of the Government of Bangladesh has
Bangladesh identified Capacity Building as one of priorities
• National Disaster Management Authority of Pakistan
has developed training manuals for communities and
Pakistan district authorities. It is also in the process of
establishing the National Institute of Disaster
M
Management (NIDM) that will offer courses for CBO,
t (NIDM) th t ill ff f CBO
NGOs, local authorities on CBDRR
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
Partnerships for CBDRR in RCC member countries
Vietnam Cambodia
•Disaster Management •Cambodian Disaster
Working Group Risk Reduction Forum
(DMWG) (CDRR Forum)
The Philippines
pp Indonesia
•Corporate Network •Indonesian Society
for Disaster for Disaster
Response (CNDR) Management (MPBI)
Nepal
•Disaster
Preparedness
Network (DP‐Net)
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
Challenges in implementing national CBDRM programs
• Conceptual understanding on CBDRR
• Community largely dependent on relief & support
• Linking with Local Development Planning
• Most development partners (NGOs) have the tendency of bypassing government
mechanism while implementing DRR projects at the community level.
• Need to increase capacity and skills at community level to improve livelihoods and
f d
food security and reduce environmental degradation
it d d i t ld d ti
• Creating ownership
• Increased participation and involvement of the sub national governments
• Integrating Gender
Integrating Gender
• Linking local DM plans to relevant marketable livelihood training, micro finance
and disaster insurance
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
Scaling up implementation of CBDRR CBDRR implementation activities of NGOs
programmes in all high risk communities and CBO
• Policy agenda for CBDRR such as integration • Advocacy and networking; Cost‐benefit
of analysis to influence policy makers
• CBDRR in the national development policy • Institutionalization through sustained
framework and Poverty Reduction Strategy
framework and Poverty Reduction Strategy dialogue between government, NGOs and
dialogue between government, NGOs and
Papers CBOs
• Funding for CBDRR • Funding/Resources for CBDRR program
• Partnerships (NGOs/Government) for implementation at the local level
implementation of programmes
implementation of programmes • Establishing and strengthening coordination
Establishing and strengthening coordination
• Capacity Building and regulatory mechanism between NGOs,
• Institutional capacity & commitment, CBOs and government agencies.
delegation authorities • Building capacity of CBOs and NGOs
• Community awareness and ownership,
Community awareness and ownership y /
• Clarity of role of CBOs/NGOs in the whole
knowledge of benefits process
• Sustainability by engagement of community
• Transparency, credibility and politicization
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
Steps for sustained implementation of Steps necessary for linking CBDRR
CBDRR programs to development planning
• Establish clear policy framework for • Increasing linkage of CBDRR programs
support by national governments and to development planning with
partnerships between local strengthened partnership between
go ernment and CBOs
government and CBOs national disaster management office
national disaster management office
• Setup /adapt appropriate and suitable and national planning agency
institutional mechanisms to • Increasing linkage of CBDRR in
accommodate CBDRR Sectoral Planning such as in
• Establishing scheme for recognition of development of school curriculum and
good practices in CBDRR and utilizing training of teachers
experiences of CBDRR award scheme • Capacity building of technical people
in member countries in the planning and sectoral agencies
p g g
• Enhanced resource from national and on CBDRR.
local government • Adoption of appropriate legislations
outside of the executive branch
DRR
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CBDRR Case Studies
Role of UN agencies, partner organizations, and donors in scaling up CBDRR
• Appreciate and promote CBDRR as a window of opportunity for community empowerment
• Linking CBDRR to development planning and implementation
• Support CBDRR backed‐up by local authorities and integrating local/traditional knowledge
with science and technology
gy
• Serve as bridge among communities, governments, donors, and other stakeholders
• Involvement of private sector in DRR
• Support formulation of national policies, plans or strategy papers on CBDRR as part of
disaster risk management framework
disaster risk management framework
• Prioritize high‐risk communities
• Support capacity development
• Support and disseminate research and documentation of good/bad practices
• Revise agency policies
• Resource mobilization for CBDRR
• Set an environment for transparency and accountability to communities
DRR Case Study: Bangladesh
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Empowerment of Local Governments and Non‐governmental Organizations.”
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Tools for Effective
Community Risk Assessment
Community Risk Assessment Frameworks and Models
Frameworks and Models Policy Reform
Policy Reform
and Management
• National Models • Visualizes what needs to be • Policy reforms create the
Frameworks done and how the pieces top down support
• Policy Reform
P li R f fit together
fit together mechanisms necessary for
mechanisms necessary for
• Advocacy • Creates a common operational zing and
conceptual understanding sustaining development
• Institutional reform and
among stakeholders risk reduction efforts
capacity building
• Provides guidance for the
Provides guidance for the • Policy opens the door to
Policy opens the door to
• Guidelines and Planning
review of policy and mainstreaming which is
Frameworks
planning frameworks and essential for effective and
• Collaborative partnerships sustained risk reduction at
also the design of training
• Funding Mechanisms and other tools the community level
• Coordination Mechanisms (ECNEC Decision)
• Policy reform opens the
door to more effective
regional cooperation
Source: Faud Hassan Mallick, Side Session on “Strengthening Municipal and Village Disaster Risk Reduction
Platforms through Risk and Resilience Committees in South Asia.”
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COMMUNITY
Guidelines and Planning
Advocacy Institutional Reforms
Frameworks
• Advocacy creates a common • From the highest to lowest • CRA and RRAP Guidelines have
aand united understanding of risk
d u ted u de sta d g o s levels
e es been developed through
bee de e oped t oug
reduction among non‐ • Expanded roles to include risk collaborative process
practitioners reduction and emergency • Follows international risk
• Advocacy brings on board the response management standard
key stakeholders including • Engagement in the management • Provides uniformity in how we
political policy government
political, policy, government, of risk reduction efforts at the
of risk reduction efforts at the identify and manage community
identify and manage community
NGO, media and the community broader community level risk
• Mainstreaming community risk • Links with government risk
reduction action plans into reduction funds
institutional systems • All hazards and all sector
analysis incorporating climate
change impacts and other
hazard prediction models
• Provides the basis for
developing uniform partner
capacities
• Ensures full involvement of
communities in identifying and
• managing risk
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COMMUNITY
Collaborative Partnerships Funding Mechanisms
• Over 70 collaborative partner • The key to successful CRA is in
organi ations s pporting
organizations supporting the abilit to f nd risk red ction
the ability to fund risk reduction
national risk reduction efforts at projects
the community level • Government programs such as
• Includes government, INGO,
Includes government INGO VGF FFW CFW and KABITA
VGF, FFW, CFW and KABITA
NGO, LNGO, Private Sector targeting RRAP’s for the
(technical agencies), regional identification of risk reduction
partners
p priorities
p
• ToT and Capacity Building • Grants program to assist local
provided by government government disaster
g
• Robust monitoring and management committees in
evaluation systems established implementing community risk
• Regular refresher courses for reduction projects
core trainer group
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COMMUNITY
National Coordination and Knowledge
CRA Tools
Management
• A National CRA Working Group is formed
g p • CRA Guidelines follows international risk
under the leadership of DG‐DRR to provide management standard
quality assurance and coordinate CRA • CRA process adherence to human rights
activities in Bangladesh through compliance with social and gender
• UN, International Organizations, GoB inclusion framework
relevant agency, academic institutions, • Risk reduction action plan documents CRA
research organizations and national and outcomes and priorities
local NGOs are the member of the working
group
• The working group is responsible to
Th ki i ibl t
coordinate, avoid duplication and
overlapping of similar activities, disseminate
CRA outcomes and to do advocacy for using
CRA information in development
CRA information in development
program/project designing
• CRA working group aims to open a web
base interface for all relevant stakeholders’
CRA information dissemination
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COMMUNITY
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COMMUNITY
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COMMUNITY
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COMMUNITY
DRR Case Study: Vietnam
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COMMUNITY
P2: Provision of the capacity building
P1: Establishment and strengthening
to the DRR response agencies at
of institution and legislation on
provincial, district and community
CBDRM
levels
• Review and improvement of existing • ToT curriculum development
DRR management institution • Establishment of a professional
((includes the establishment of the CBDRM training team at all levels
CBDRM training team at all levels
DRR Center at national and provincial • Improvement of the EW&D system at
levels) provincial and district levels
• Development of CBDRM guidelines • Provision of CBDRM training to key
• Development of guidelines on the
Development of guidelines on the officials
ffi i l
integration of the DRR plan into the • Disaster vulnerability study
CD plan
• Adaptation of the DRR into the
• Creation of a CBDRM platform for Climate Changeg
multi‐stakeholders including private
l i k h ld i l di i
• Database system on DRR
sector
• Disaster damage assessment system
• Integration of the DRR into the
school curriculum
Source: Đào Xuân Học, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
DRR Case Study: Vietnam CBDRM
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COMMUNITY
P4: Improvement of the small scale DR
P3: Strengthening of the community’s response
mitigation structures system at disaster
and resilience
vulnerable community
• Community training curriculum development; • Development of the essential infrastructure
• Establishment of a professional CBDRM system
training team at community (school teachers) • Improvement and development of the natural
• Establishment the warning & dissemination
Establishment the warning & dissemination disaster protection system
p y
and drill system in community
• Integration of the DRR plan into the CD plan
and Poverty Reduction plan
• Establishment of the M&E system in
community
• Development of guideline on community DRR
• Provision of annual CBDRM training to
community
• Community database system
d b
• Disaster damage assessment system
• Community vulnerability study
DRR Case Study: Vietnam
Ch
COMMUNITY
Lessons Learned Challenges
• Legislation and institution in DRR • Unification of the risk reduction of
has been established and developed all disaster types
at all levels • Overlap of institution and legislation
• High level of commitment given by in some areas of DRR
DRR agencies at all levels and • High commitment but low
g
community achievement
• Socialization of the DRR for a long • Difference of DRR capacity among
period the institutional levels
• Gov. and community are proactive
y p • Understanding on DRR at
Understanding on DRR at
and motivate in DRR community
• Strong institution in emergency • Low achievement of the integration
response of DRR into the development plan
• DRR is not a new concept at
DRR is not a new concept at • Difference of level of interest on
Difference of level of interest on
community DRR of the responsible agencies
• Involvement of the private sectors in • Coordination and cooperation
emergency response among Gov. agencies and between
Gov agencies and private sectors
Gov. agencies and private sectors
DRR Case Study: Myanmar
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COMMUNITY
Cyclone Nargis Organizations
NGOs & Cyclone Nargis CBOs& Cyclone Nargis FBO & Cyclone Nargis
• MRCS: Largest NGO and • Town Association: Bogale, • Buddhist: Sitagu, Ahsin

working with IFRC
working with IFRC Pyapone, Laputta,
Pyapone, Laputta, Sein Kein Da and etc
Sein Kein Da and etc
• Mingalar Myanmar: 700 Manadalay • Christian
villages, Livelihoods & • Main Focus: Relief • Islam and etc.
CBDRM Program
• Metta Foundation: Ethnic • Village / Community Base
Based, Livelihood, WASH Organization: Relief and
• Shalong Foundation: Recovery Program
Ethnic Based, Psycho‐
social
• Yadana Metta: Health
Yadana Metta: Health
Sector Based Organization
• Nargis Action Group:
Business Based
Organization
• CBO (Towns, Villages)
• FBO (Buddhist, Christian,
Islam)
• Business Company and
Chamber of Commerce
Source: Phone Win, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
Ch
COMMUNITY
Business Company and Professional
Chamber of Commerce Association
• Construction • Health: Myanmar
Companies: Htoo, Medical Association,
Yuzana, Dagon, Eden, Health Worker
Asia World & etc
Asia World & etc Association
• Chamber of • Engineering:
Commerce: – UMFCCI, Myanmar Engineering
Fi h
Fishery Federation
F d ti A
Association, Myanmar,
i ti M
Architect Association
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COMMUNITY
Disaster Risk Management National Le el

Disaster Risk Management National Level
DRM ToT Program
• Collaboration between Ministry and MM
Collaboration between Ministry and MM
• Completed 4 batches
• Produce 150 trainers until now
• Plan to produce minimum 40 trainers per month
Participants Development Evaluation Expected outcomes
• From 6 State & • Jointly designed and • Intense engagement • 150 Local Trainers

Divisions developed by the
developed by the of participants
of participants trained in (DRM ToT)
trained in (DRM ToT)
• From Nargis & Non Ministry, UN • Agreement on follow • 180 Local trainees
Nargis Area agencies, INGOs and up actions trained in township
• Mostly Teachers & local NGO • Collaboration level by local trainers
Administrators • Delivered by various between the • 40 villages local‐level
l l d
local and Ministry, UN disaster risk
international agencies, INGOs and assessments
resource persons local NGO undertaken
• A mix of knowledge, • 40 local‐level DRM
skills and practice
skills and practice Action Plans
Action Plans
sessions developed
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COMMUNITY
DRM ToT Program
Partnership More Space Trust Building
• National: • Local organizations • Between

• Ministry of Social can work together Government, Local
Welfare, with the ministry Organization, Local
M
Myanmar Red
R d • Local Organizations
L lO i ti Community and
Community and
• Cross Society, can work directly International
CBOs with community Organizations
• International • International
International • Maintaining Trust is
Community can important
• ASEAN, ADRRN,
Mercy Malaysia, work directly with
ADPC, Local Organizations
• Action Aid, DFID,
IMC, Singapore
Government
DRR IFRC: Legal Issues
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COMMUNITY
Establishment of National People‐centered early warning
Public education
Platforms for DRR systems
• Domestic legislation should • Domestic legislation should • Domestic legislation should
• Establish and support • Clarify the role of RC • Protect the public’s right to
National Platforms National Societies in early know about hazards and
• Integrate RC National warning, bearing in mind risks
Societies into National
Societies into National liability/capacity concerns
liability/capacity concerns • Enable and encourage
Enable and encourage
Platforms • Enable access to organizations to inform the
• Recognize the auxiliary role information about hazards public about hazards and
of RC National Societies to to facilitate early warning risks
public authorities • Establish a multi‐hazard • Establish standard
• Encourage greater approach information about the DRR
involvement of civil society • Approve the use of relevant to prevent contradictory
early warning technology messages reaching
such as GPS communities
• Integrate DRR information
Integrate DRR information
into school curriculum
• Approve the use of relevant
early warning technology
such as GPS
Source: Victoria Bannon, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk
Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
DRR Case Study: IFRC
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COMMUNITY
Legal Issues
Community participation in Land management and urban
Building Codes Strengthening accountability
decision making
decision making planning
•Domestic legislation should •Domestic legislation should •Domestic legislation should: •Domestic legislation should
•Formally recognize and •Clarify the role of National RC •Ensure the establishment •Ensure that governments are
ensure government Societies regarding relocation and enforcement of hazard fulfilling their obligation of
participation in existing of populations following land resilient building codes primary responsibility for
community‐based DRR zoning, which respects the •Integrate good practices and DRR
activities Fundamental Principles of draw on other expertise •Ensure sufficient budget
•Ensure that government at the RC regarding the development allocation for DRR activities
all levels involves community •Ensure that, in the case of of building codes and implement transparency
participation in decision‐ zoning or resettlement, all •Identify priority buildings for measures
making people are provided with safe construction or •Establish basic minimum
•In developing legislation on essential supplies and retrofitting such as schools, standards on disaster risk
DRR, governments should: services, with particular
i ith ti l hospitals and blood centers reduction, supported by
•Consult communities and regard to especially training programmes
civil society organizations vulnerable people •Ensure basic liability
during the development and •Ensure that National RC protection for civil society
drafting process Societies have continuous organizations engaged in DRR
access to minorities and activities
other vulnerable populations
other vulnerable populations
to provide essential services
•Establish evacuation points
as part of urban planning
regulations
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COMMUNITY
Strengthening accountability Preparedness for response
• Domestic legislation should • Domestic legislation should:
• Ensure that governments are • Establish clear institutional
fulfilling their obligation of primary arrangements for disaster response
responsibility for DRR • Clarify the role of National RC
• Ensure sufficient budget allocation Societies in disaster response
for DRR activities and implement • Anticipate and plan for receiving
transparency measures
transparency measures international disaster response
international disaster response
• Establish basic minimum standards
on disaster risk reduction,
supported by training programmes
• Ensure basic liability protection for
civil society organizations engaged
in DRR activities
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COMMUNITY
Legislative Advocacy Manual for National RC
The Way Forward
Societies
• Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and • Key messages for integration into domestic
Regulation of International Disaster Relief and legislation
Initial Recovery Assistance (IDRL Guidelines) • Examples, cases studies, good practices
• Not legally binding, but endorsed by different
Not legally binding but endorsed by different • Advocacy approaches
Ad h
international forums
• The IDRL Guidelines provides
recommendations to Governments on:
• Facilitating international cooperation for
Facilitating international cooperation for
disaster relief (e.g.. enable fast and easy to
access to people affected by disaster, allow
visas, customs and tax exemptions etc)
• Effectively managing international relief
operations (e.g.. ensure good coordination,
ti ( d di ti
promote good quality and accountability
standards, ensure all organizations abide by
humanitarian principles)
DRR Case Study: IFRC Malaysia
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COMMUNITY
Malaysian Red Cross Society Strategic Plan
MRCS Auxiliary Roles
2005‐2009
• A 5‐year Strategy to strengthen MRCS
A 5 year Strategy to strengthen MRCS • National Security Council Directive 20
National Security Council Directive 20
capacity in caring for the most vulnerable • Auxiliary role to the following ministries
in the community • Ministry of Women, Family and
• Core areas: Community Development (JKM)
• Promotion of Fundamental Principles
P ti fF d t lP i i l • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
and Humanitarian Values • Ministry of Health
• Disaster Management including Risk • Ministry Youth & Sports
Reduction
• Ministry of Higher Learning
Ministry of Higher Learning
• Healthcare
• Ministry of Education
• Organizational development
• National Security Council Directive 20
• MRCS Institute (undertakes Training
• Ministry of Welfare
Program)
g )
• Preparation of food
P i ff d
• Distribution of relief to affected
victims
• Registration and rehabilitation for
victims
Source: Hisham Harun Hashim, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster
Risk Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
Ch
COMMUNITY
Area selection
• Disaster Prone Areas, recommended by PMI, LGU, NGO
• Community has commitment to have active participation on disaster risk reduction activities
• How LGU & NGO will ensure their support for program implementation
Capacity building
• Building a “culture of coping with crisis” and “culture of disaster risk reduction”
B ildi “ lt f i ith i i ” d “ lt f di t i k d ti ”
• Number of volunteers, staff and community members received training and had skilled to delivery
of disaster risk reduction
• Provided necessary skilled from LGU and NGO
Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment
• Consistent application of Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment by using several tools, i.e. PRA
tools, Baseline Survey, etc
• Conducting Hazard and Risk Mapping to map out hazard, risk, vulnerability and capacity lies at
C d i H d d Ri k M i h d ik l bili d i li
community
• Community is able to identify hazard, risk, vulnerability and capacity
• LGU & NGO is able to acknowledge its strengths and weaknesses to contribute with community
y p y
vulnerability and capacity
Ch
COMMUNITY
Community Action Plan
• Community is able to consider ways to mitigate against disaster risk and
impact, covering health, environment, livelihood and climate change issue,
etc
• Prioritize risk, vulnerability and solution based on locally resources
p y
• Define role and responsibilities for each related stakeholders (Community,
PMI, LGU, NGO)
• Integrate into Master’s Plan to reduce community vulnerability
DRR P
DRR Promotion
i
• Having knowledge and understanding about Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability and
Capacity in their respective areas can inform and be a catalyst for wider
decision making then translated into practical risk reduction measures
decision making then translated into practical risk reduction measures
• Conducted by volunteers and community members by using peer educator
approach, assisting by community leaders, for sustainability purpose
• Involving technical support from LGU and NGO for several issues, such as
h lh
health, environment, climate change, etc
l h
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COMMUNITY
Preparedness to Response
• Community has emergency response planning at individual and community
level
• Enhance knowledge of disaster sign, safe evacuation route and danger warning
signal and establish structure of EWS to deliver message promptly and
effectively across the community
• Mobilization of volunteer to respond disaster effectively, in coordination with
Mobilization of volunteer to respond disaster effectively in coordination with
LGU and NGO
• Conducting joint simulation of Disaster Response amongst stakeholder
(Community, PMI, LGU, NGO, etc.)
Risk Mitigation
• It is identified based on priority problem and solution
• It accomodates environment, livelihood, health and integrate climate change
components
• It elaborate community resources, LGU’s and NGO technical support and
g p g, p ,
funding from planning, implementation, and maintenance
• It has reduced the potential risk and problems related with local hazards
Ch
COMMUNITY
Challenges The Way Forward (at PMI level) The Way Forward (at LGU)
• Many actors has caused • Addressing the risk in broader • Mainstreaming DRR into

overlapping on the DRR context (associated with Development Policy, Planning
activities at the community level environmental degradation, and Budgeting
• Not all of DRR activities haven’t poverty, population growth, • Establish a mutualistic
been integrated into LGU’s urbanization, climate change, environment for DRR linkages to
Development Policy, Planning etc) and integrate it into disaster the global climate change
and Budgeting
d d risk reduction programme
risk reduction programme adaptation that contributes to
d h b
• Acknowledgement of • Strengthen capacity to deliver disaster occurrence
Community Participation, not profressional services to the • Provide early warning system
just “a victim” most vulnerable people through infrastructure to deliver
• DRR issue has been growing in its links to communities and message promptly and
b d
broader context (associated
t t( i t d volunteer network
volunteer network effectively across the
effectively across the
with environmental • Expand community based community
degradation, poverty, programming through wider • Supports to the beneficiaries
population growth, engagement and participation and stakeholders participation
urbanization, climate change, of beneficiaries and relevant • Encourage the DRR culture by
etc) stakeholders increasing disaster risk
increasing disaster risk
• Incoherent linkages of Action awareness at community level
Plan for DRR and Action Plan for
Climate Change Adaptation
• Sustainability of DRR
Programme at community level
Programme at community level
DRR Case Study: IFRC Sri Lanka
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COMMUNITY
Sri Lankan Red Cross Society
Public Awareness in DRR Public Awareness in DRR cont.
engagement in DRR
• The Sri Lanka Red Cross
The Sri Lanka Red Cross • Awareness campaigns/Poster
Awareness campaigns/Poster • Disaster Early Warning
Disaster Early Warning
Society identified as one of Exhibitions on DRR • Facilitation of Tsunami Alert
the main actor of the national • Short Drama lessons learnt (September
DM plan of SL Govt Festivals/Competitions 2007) with key stakeholders
• Representation DRM at all related to disasters of the GoSL and other
levels • CBDRR agencies
• DRM Capacity Building/ • Community Awareness • Mass awareness Rallies
Public Awareness campaigns • Mock drills
• Response Preparedness • Risk reduction group • Simulation exercises
• Public Early Warning
P bli E l W i activities
ti iti • Warning messages
Dissemination • IEC Materials distributions (Reliability/ accuracy/
• CBDRM to communities related to response)
• SLRCS developed its 5 year DRR • Importance of volunteers
strategic plan (2009‐2013)
strategic plan (2009 2013) in
in • School DRR
School DRR • Health promotion awareness
Health promotion awareness
line with the govt. mandate • School awareness rallies related to DRR
• This strategy is in line with • School Poster competitions • Water and sanitation
IFRC Strategy 2010 and HFA • Teacher trainings on DRR awareness especially during
2005‐2015 disasters
• Exhibitions on DRR
Exhibitions on DRR
Source: S. H. Nimal Kumar, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk
DRR Case Study: IFRC Sri Lanka
Ch
COMMUNITY
Achievements in DRR Issues and challenges
• Member of the National Disaster
Member of the National Disaster • Integration of DRR in to the
Integration of DRR in to the
Management Coordination development programme
Committee (NDMCC) of SL govt. • Harmonization of disaster
• MoU to be signed with the DMC of management at all levels
the Ministry of DM & HR to • Lack of legal authority to the
implement DM activities disaster management govt.
• Development of national CDBRM institutions
framework for Sri Lanka
framework for Sri Lanka • Lack of system & resources on last
Lack of system & resources on last
• Initiation of CBDRM/EWS in more mile warning dissemination and
than 500 communities in 15 districts response mechanism
p g
• Participation in the regional DRR g
• Long term commitment from the
curriculum development and field donor community to integrate DRR
testing into sustainable development
• Key partner of the GoSL national DM
and Health plan
and Health plan
Source: S. H. Nimal Kumar, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk
DRR Case Study: IFRC Philippines
Ch
COMMUNITY
Overview PNRC Tasks
• Vision • organizes DRT in PNRC establishments;
• To be the foremost humanitarian organization
To be the foremost humanitarian organization • conducts DMT courses and assist in the training
conducts DMT courses and assist in the training
in the Philippines, in services provided and of DCC and their emergency welfare service
number of people served units at all levels;
• Six major activities • assist in providing emergency relief assistance
g
• Disaster Management to victims of disasters;
• Community Health and Nursing • makes available whole blood and its derivatives
• Blood Program in times of disasters;
• Safety Services • interfaces its’ other emergency welfare services
(warning, rescue, evacuation, medical/nursing,
• Social Services
first aid / ambulance and social services) with
first aid / ambulance and social services) with
• Red Cross Youth the activities of member agencies at all levels;
• Legal Mandate • provides tracing services (local and foreign)
• To establish and maintain a system of national during emergencies
and international relief in time of peace and in
time of war and apply the same in meeting
the emergency needs caused by typhoons,
floods, fires, earthquakes, and other natural
disasters and to devise and carry on measures
for minimizing the suffering caused by such
for minimizing the suffering caused by such
disasters
Source: Catherine Marie G. Martin, 3 December 08, Side Session on “Building Safer and Resilient Communities through
Disaster Risk Reduction actions of Red Cross and Crescent National Societies”
Ch
COMMUNITY
Relationship with Government Integrated Community Disaster Planning Programme
• Member of the National Disaster Coordinating Council • Features
• Represented in the Local Government Units as Member • Community‐based
of the Provincial/City Disaster Coordinating Council • Multi‐sectoral
• Member of the Task Force for the consolidation and • Multi‐disciplinary
formulation of the Strategic National Action Plan for • Proactive
Disaster Risk Reduction in the Philippines
• Responsive
• Replicable
• Based on urgent needs
• Community‐owned and managed
• Components
• Prevention
• Engineering
• Physical protection measures
• Legislative actions
• Mitigation
• Risks and resource mapping
pp g
• Preparedness
• Formation and Organization of Disaster Action
Teams(BDATs)
• Development of Information, Education and
Communication (IEC) Materials
Communication (IEC) Materials
• Community Disaster Mitigation Measures
Ch
COMMUNITY
ICDPP Effects and Impacts Key lessons learned
• Reduction of the Communities’ Vulnerabilities to • Social preparation should be done with out the idea of
Physical Hazards implementing a project, but simple integration and
• Capacity Building of the beneficiaries assessment of the situation
• Organizational Capacity Building of the Chapter • The prodding of the LGU to have counterpart and to
• Improved Community Relations of the Chapter influence the development planning process is a very
good innovation
• Enhanced LGU relations and involvement
Enhanced LGU relations and involvement
• CBDM trainings and events must be incorporated and
• Training of LGU Officials on DM
mainstreamed into the formal calendar and curriculum
• Meeting of Municipal Officials and all barangay of the community, and schools
captains to explain the goal and mechanics of the
• Utilizing and re‐enforcing existing community ethics,
program
values and strategy and plan of the PNRC in itself
• Formation of TF in the LGU that would implement the
Formation of TF in the LGU that would implement the
• The trained volunteers in the community should be
disaster mitigation project
acknowledged, accepted and integrated in the existing
• Providing financial contribution for the disaster structure of the local government
mitigation projects
• We cannot build safe and resilient communities
• Providing technical assistance in designing the through our DRR actions alone. We make our
mitigation projects
mitigation projects contribution but the systematic reduction of risk can
contribution but the systematic reduction of risk can
• Implementation and monitoring of the projects only be achieved through building a strong working
partnership between all stakeholders‐ communities,
local and national government, local NGO and other
local organization.
• DRR initiatives must be reinforced with local legislations
DRR initiatives must be reinforced with local legislations
DRR Case Study: ADRRN
Ch
COMMUNITY
Mission
• Promote coordination and collaboration among NGOs for effective
g
and efficient disaster reduction and response in the Asia‐Pacific
region
• ADRRN member NGOs working in Asia at the grassroots, directly in
touch with the “Change
touch with the Change Agents
Agents” – workers, community leaders,
workers community leaders
school teachers, masons, health workers
Activities
Activities
• “Inamura‐no printed in eight Asian languages
• Swayam micro‐credit programme
• Tsunami resource centre, Indonesia
• Hands on training
• Bio‐island promotion
• Working with village disaster management committees
Source: Manu Gupta, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
DRR Case Study: Langkawi, Malaysia
Ch
COMMUNITY
Overview
• After the Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004), Government of Malaysia
Aft th I di O T i (2004) G t fM l i
allocated US$(RM4 million) towards a seismic and tsunami hazards and
risk study in Malaysia in September 2005
• Community Preparedness and Emergency Response Plan for Tsunamis in
Langkawi, Malaysia
Objectives:
• Evaluation and assessment of awareness, preparedness and weakness of
the community, local and state agencies in facing tsunamis
• Review and make use of existing tsunami risk assessment system for
evacuation route mapping
• Enhancement of public awareness through education of community
• Formulation of tsunami evacuation plan
• Observation and evaluation of a simulated tsunami drill
Observation and evaluation of a simulated tsunami drill
Source: Manu Gupta, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
DRR Challenges in CBDRR
Ch
COMMUNITY
Community level initiatives are not Strengths of Local Governance
enough! • Represent local people
• Local interventions are not sufficient for
Local interventions are not sufficient for • Closer to local communities
Closer to local communities
sustainable DRR • Lead local development
• Macro and micro level decisions have local impacts • Significant infulencing and decision making force
• Capacity to plan is low given with decentralization trends
• Formal leadership exists
• Need to link and influence local authorities
Weaknesses of Local governance
• Weak institutional setup
• Capacity gaps
• Disempowered
• Corrupt
C
• Mostly implementing/service provision arm of
government
• Low reputation
Source: Vishaka Hidellage, Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Involvement &
DRR Challenges in CBDRR
Ch
COMMUNITY
Acceptance Participation Resources

• Protocols – permission and • Lack of commitment and • Financial resources
consent participation from government • Infrastructure/facilities
• Accessibility - approaching gate agencies • Transport
keepers • Clash of activities
• Trust – assurance of impartiality • Loss of income of residents
Centralization of authority Turnover of Personnel Socio-economic

Socio economic variance
• Need approval from central • Transfer of government of local residents
authority personnel • Educational background
• Constraints in decision-making • Promotion • Economic status
• A long time lag for consent • Ethnic composition
• Lack of consultation with the • Political alignment
local community
Source: Aini Mat Said, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
ICT for DRR
Contents
• Statistics
• Case Study: ICT in Myanmar
• Case Study: International Telecommunication
Case Study: International Telecommunication
Union
• Challenges
ICT DRR Statistics
Ch
The countries with the most disasters have the lowest connectivity
Asia and Africa have the highest occurrence of
floods and droughts however, the lowest
number of fixed and mobile telephones as a
b f fi d d bil t l h
percentage of overall population
Source: Cosmas L. Zavazava, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “The Role of ICTS in Disaster Management including
Disaster Risk Reduction.”
ICT DRR Case Study: ICT in Myanmar
Ch
High level imaging
g g g
Approaching cyclone
Prre‐disaster
Post‐disaster
ICT DRR Case Study: International
Telecommunication Union
ICT DRR Challenges
Ch
Challenges
• Need
Need to forge multi‐disciplinary partnerships
to forge multi disciplinary partnerships
• Need for better coordination
• Need for disaster prediction, detection and
monitoring systems (emergency. telecom + GIS)
it i t ( t l + GIS)
• Need for linking Climate Change and Disaster
Management
• Need for Standard Operating Procedures
df d d d
• Need to develop and integrate National Emergency
Telecommunications Plans into Disaster Management
Plans
l
• Need to ensure redundancy and resilience in the
network
Early Warning and
Communication
Contents
• Tsunami Early Warning
• y y
Case Study: IOC Tsunami Early Warningg
• Case Study: Earthquake Observation in China
• Case Study: Regional Multi‐Hazard Integrated
Early Warning System (RIMES)
• Emergency communication
• Amateur radio
• Case Study: Telecom Malaysia disaster alert
system
• Early warning and media
• Case Study: ABU Technical Committee Early
Warning Broadcasting System
• Case Study: Early Warning Broadcasting System in
Japan
• Case Study: Early warning and media in
Case Study: Early warning and media in
Bangladesh
• UNDAC Preparedness Missions
EARLY WARNING Tsunami Early Warning
Ch
Tsunami probability
Pacific ocean
Pacific ocean Mediterranean sea
Mediterranean sea
Tsunami warning systems in four oceans
Atlantic ocean Indian ocean
4%
12%
25%
59%
Source: Peter Koltermann, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING
Ch
Tsunami Early Warning
Purpose of early warning systems
• Identify, detect, verify and predict natural extremes, such as tsunami, cyclones,
Identify detect verify and predict natural extremes such as tsunami cyclones
earthquakes with potential implications to mankind (upstream component)
• Raise awareness and preparedness to react appropriately to warnings of such
extreme events (downstream component)
End‐to‐end system Build National / Regional Capacity to:
• From detection to evacuation • Assess national tsunami (and ocean‐
• overall clear responsibility related ) risk (Hazard assessment)
• legal authority • Operate national /regional warning
• accountability centre covering local and regional
g g
tsunamis (warning guidance)
• authenticity
• Promote education/preparedness
• national, regional, local clear line
and risk reduction against tsunami
of command
((and ocean‐related) hazard
)
(Mitigation and Public Awareness)
EARLY WARNING Tsunami Early Warning
Ch
Generation mechanisms for tsunamis
EARLY WARNING Case Study: IOC Tsunami Early Warning
Ch
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
• Established in 1960 in UNESCO
p g
• In 1965 the IOC established the ICG/ITSU International Coordination Group for the Tsunami Warning &
Mitigation System in the Pacific (PTWS)
• In response to the 1960 Chilean earthquake and tsunami:
• Recommends & coordinates tsunami programmes, including timely ocean wide tsunami warnings
• Successful & operational since more than 40 years
• System is based on 26 national and 4 regional centers
S t i b d 26 ti l d4 i l t
• Central system with PTWC and JMA on 24/7 watch
nami threatt worldwide
Tsun
EARLY WARNING Case Study: IOC Tsunami Early Warning
Ch
End‐to‐end tsunami early warning system
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Earthquake Observation in China
Ch
China Digital Seismic Observation Network Monitoring capacity
M≥4.0 nationwide
M ≥2.5 50 percent
of land area
M ≥1.5 provincial
capitals and their
adjacent areas in
the Eastern part of
China
M ≥1.0 capital
area
Source: Ibrahim Komoo, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
Ch
China Earthquake Precursory Network
Local Levels ”
Ch
China Digital Strong Ground Motion Network
Local Levels ”
Ch
China GPS Network
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Regional Multi‐Hazard Integrated
Ch
Objective: Establish, maintain and operate a Regional Early Warning facility to cater to differential needs and
demands of countries to address gaps in the end‐end multi‐hazard early warning system
Institutional Arrangements
l Services Costs
• Regional Steering Committee • Tsunami watch • Capital cost for tsunami information

heads of national focal points to • Capacity building and technology and capacity building requirements
provide policy advice, guide, transfer to NMHSs for providing of member countries: US$ 4.5
monitor and evaluate
monitor and evaluate localized hydro hydro
localized hydro hydro‐ million – UNESCAP
million
implementation of regional meteorological disaster risk • This compares very favorably with
activities. Myanmar as Chair, Sri information the US$115 million required to
Lanka and Thailand as Vice‐Chairs • Enhancing capacities to respond to establish tsunami EWS for 23
for 2 years. early warning information at developing/ least developed
g
• Regional Technical Committee national and local levels for disaster
national and local levels for disaster countries
experts to provide guidance preparedness and management • Approximate investment cost by
• Working Group • Acting as a test‐bed to identify Australia, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Lao PDR, Maldives, Myanmar, Sri‐ promising new, emerging and Malaysia US$250 million
Lanka, Thailand to ensure system technologies and pilot test, and • Capital cost for weather and climate
and institutional sustainability make it operational through information and capacity building
demonstration of tangible benefits requirements of member ‐
countries: US$1 million – Danida
• Total annual recurring cost: US$ 1.5
million (for tsunami and all other
hazards)
Source: Abdul Muhusin Ramiz, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Regional Multi‐Hazard Integrated
Ch
Ownership by Countries Next steps What makes RIMES possible
• Member countries collectively • The Working Group, through • Economy of scale and scope,

manage and draw services Maldives Secretariat, with least recurring cost
from RIMES submitted a proposal to g y g
• Integration of all early warning
• Member Countries need not UNESCAP to mobilize services into one holistic
put up their own system resources to support regional system
• Member countries need not facility operation while • System built to address needs
depend on other tsunami member countries incorporate and demands of countries
watch providers support into national budgets, with differing capacities and
and work out international
and work out international vulnerabilities
l bl
agreements to formalize
• Catalytic investment by
system ownership under
UNESCAP for tsunami and
UNESCO/IOC framework
capacity building subsystems
• Maldives received approval of
• Critical investment by DANIDA
around US$ 375,000 from
around US$ 375,000 from
f h d meteorological
for hydro‐ l i l
UNESCAP to undertake
subsystem to transform EWS
activities for sustaining RIMES
into a multi‐hazard end‐to‐end
• Another proposal submitted to early warning system
UNESCAP: Recurring cost for
• Full ownership by Member
first year August 2009‐July
Countries
2010 and partial recurring cost
for 2nd year August 2010 –
July 2011
• Member States to meet partial
costs of RIMES from July 2010‐
June 2011 and fully meet all
20 d f ll ll
costs from July 2011 and
beyond
Source: Abdul Muhusin Ramiz, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Communication
Ch
Overview
• Emergency communication is communication method employed when
regular communication methods such as the telephone and various radio
services are disabled or overwhelmed
• It has been shown countless number of times that timely and reliable
communication is the most important need during emergencies and disasters
to avoid loss of life, property and to speed up relief and recovery especially in
the first 72 hours
Need
• Each individual, family or organization is responsible for its own alternative
means of communication in the event that regular communication method is
unavailable
unavailable
• Emergency communication complements regular communication method
during peace time
• Emergency communication must work when other conventional methods of
communication fail
communication fail
Source: Malaysian Amateur Radio Emergency Services, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for
Transmitting Knowledge to National and Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Numbers Around the World
Ch
Source: Rozinah Anas, 3 December 08, Side Event on “Innovative Partnerships for Transmitting Knowledge to National and
Local Levels ”
Ch
Global trends
• An increasing number of nations are
adhering to the international movement
adhering to the international movement
of developing a country‐wide 3‐digit
public safety system
• As a result of this trend, international
organizations have been formed as a
platform to exchange best practices
between participating countries
Local Levels ”
Ch
Countries with Consolidated Emergency Numbers
Local Levels ”
Ch
Countries with Unconsolidated Emergency Numbers
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Emergency Communication
Ch
Problem of landline and cellular
Satellite Phone Trunk radio systems
phones during emergencies
• These phone systems: • The use of satellite phone for • Trunk communication systems
• Are sized for peaks during emergency and disaster for
d di f d
do not cover all areas
ll
business and consumer use, SAR is not practical. To place a • Trunk communication system
for the peaks during in call, the phone needs to find is designed for urban areas
regular use and NOT peaks the satellite signal and
during an emergency establish a link. This takes time
• Usually rely on copper or and requires operation in an
d i i i
fiber optic cables which open area
when exposed to the • Usage is very limited in
elements are prone to tropical rain forest areas.
damage especially in flood,
g p y Satellite phones do not work
high wind and storm in sheltered or confined spaces
conditions
• Are usually not portable AND
reliable enough to meet the
demands of an emergency
demands of an emergency
• These are the common
reasons why regular public
communication means may
not be to function effectively
during emergencies
during emergencies
EARLY WARNING Emergency Communication: Amateur Radio
Ch
Overview
• Amateur radio, also known ass ham radio is a hobby enjoyed by several hundred
, y j y y
thousand people in the US and by several million people worldwide
• Radio amateurs call themselves “radio hams” or simply “hams”
• Frequencies are specified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Benefits
• Amateur radio does not rely on services and intermediary facilities provided by common
carriers and phone companies and thus is immune to disruptions normally faced by the
telephone system
telephone system
• Regardless of the specific brand model of radio equipment, radio amateurs who use the
same frequency band and mode can communicate with each other
• Radio amateurs use a wide range of radio transmissions, each one with its particular
strength in overcoming the barriers to radio communications – voice, digital, morse
strength in overcoming the barriers to radio communications voice, digital, morse
• Radio amateurs use their equipment regularly which verifies that it is maintained and
operational
• Radio amateurs can be distributed throughout the community, near schools, community
halls, and park facilities which are often used as evacuation shelters
Ch
Radio amateurs assisting in
Radio amateurs in action Radio Amateurs Cont.
emergencies
• During an emergency, radio
g g y, • Earthquake in China –
q 2008 • Wildfires in Colorado – 2002
amateurs may communicate • Hurricanes Katrina and Rita • Tornado in Maryland – 2002
with various/multiple –2005 • Flooding in Kentucky – 2002
agencies on various • Asian Tsunami – 2004 • World Trade Center and
frequencies and
• Hurricanes Charlie, Frances, Pentagon terrorist attack –
transmission modes
transmission modes
Ivan, and Jeanne in Florida – 2001
• Unlike EMS communication 2004 • Flood in Texas and Louisiana
equipment, amateur radio
• Severe weather in Virginia – (Storm Allison) –2001
equipment does not have
2004 • Earthquake in India – 2001
the restriction of limited
radio channels/frequencies • Tornadoes in Illinois –2004
Tornadoes in Illinois 2004 • Wildfires in Kelowna –
Wildfi i K l 2001
or single‐mode operation • Amtrak train accident in • Earthquake in El Salvador –
Mississippi –2004 2001
• Earthquake in Central • Ice storms in Southwest –
California – 2003
California 2000
• Hurricane Isabel – 2003 • Tornado in Alabama – 2000
• Northeast blackout – 2003 • Avalanche in Alaska – 2000
• Midwest tornadoes – 2003 • Fires in Los Alamos, New
• Pahang Flood
Pahang Flood – 2001 Mexico – 2000
Mexico
Ch
Recommendations
Official federal and local government
Establishment of a common radio frequency recognition and support of the role amateur
for inter‐agency communication during an radio can play during and after an emergency.
emergency. Based on experience, during
emergency. Based on experience, during Local amateur radio clubs and operators can
Local amateur radio clubs and operators can
disasters like the Highland Tower collapse, play a significant role in assisting the
Asian Tsunami, and floods of Johor and respective emergency management services
Pahang, there was the absence of a common in communication and coordination, thus
radio frequency for the various emergency alleviating the communication role of and
and rescue agencies allowing respective agencies to focus on their
specific roles
The inclusion of amateur radio organizations
Appointment of an official body to manage in the standard operating procedure of
the deployment of radio amateurs in the emergency and disaster response. Advance
theatre of operations planning saves precious time during actual
deployment
Ch
Recommendations
Joint coordination drills of no less
than once a month until an
optimum level of communication
optimum level of communication A review of the communication
A review of the communication
coordination between the radio and coordination process and
amateur volunteers and the technology be made
respective emergency
p g y
management services is achieved
The introduction of a Weather
The formation of a
Alert Radio News service to inform
Communication Working Group to
the public about the weather in
the public about the weather in
f
formalize communication
l
their area. This has worked very
system/protocol during disasters
well in the US, especially in areas
for this region
prone to natural disasters
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Telecom Malaysia
Ch
Disaster Alert System
saste e t Syste
Disaster Alert System (DAS)
• A system used to inform and alert public
in the event of any disaster
• Able to alert people in targeted area of
incoming disasters such as tsunami and
incoming disasters such as tsunami and
earthquake
• Capable of reaching public in shortest
possible time : 50,000 to 150,000 calls
within 15 minutes
• Different types of alert messages based
on level and type of disaster
• Available 24/7 all year round
y g p
• Priority dialing based on predetermined
groups
• Slice and dice information of every
outbound calls – dashboard view and
customized report
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Case Study: Telecom Malaysia
Ch
Disaster Alert System
saste e t Syste
Global trends Telecom Malaysia MERS999 Benefits of MERS999
• An increasing number of nations
An increasing number of nations • Provide uniformity and
Provide uniformity and • Improves the quality of
Improves the quality of
are adhering to the international consistency in processing information and therefore the
movement of developing a Emergency Call requests by having quality of decisions
country‐wide 3‐digit public safety • Standardized pre‐planned call • Eliminates wasteful processes and
system categorization and prioritization information related delays so that
• As a result of this trend,
As a result of this trend protocols for each call type
protocols for each call type Public Safety professionals can
Public Safety professionals can
international organizations have • Clear written policies and focus on their core activity
been formed as a platform to procedures governing proper use • Improves interactions and
exchange best practices between of and compliance to the call collaboration between agencies
participating countries taking protocols • Allows us to access, share and
• Structured call processing
Structured call processing process information from
process information from
protocols for handling scaleable computer and communications
incidents including large‐scale devices from anywhere and at
incidents both natural and anytime
manmade disasters. • Provides valuable data for
pp y
• Given the opportunity to start g p
management and operations
from a clean slate, Malaysia has a analysis
unique opportunity today take • Reduces costs of operation
capitalize on the experiences of • Shows objective evidence of
more established countries in this Government commitment to
field better serve their citizens
Local Levels ”
EARLY WARNING Early Warning and Media
Ch
Warnings overview
• Warnings or Emergency Messages are nationally mandated
• Each country has to decide itself
• Warnings have an information part, and an active instruction part: RUN TO A‐HILL!
• Warnings are followed by a cancellation. That is equally important, do not ignore
• Advisories, Alerts, Alarms are international – they are not warnings!
The media and tsunami warnings

The media and tsunami warnings
• Problem is not whether or not broadcasters or other media technologies will broadcast warnings but
who initiates the warnings.
• A Government responsibility, not the responsibility of broadcasters
News and freedom of the press
• Broadcasters can say and broadcast whatever they like. They cannot broadcast an 'emergency
message' unless it comes from an authority which has the power to do so.
• They should NEVER change the warning !!!!!
They should NEVER change the warning !!!!!
• They cannot be forced to broadcast that
• message...
• They relay such messages because it is in the
• public interest to do so and is often part of the
• charter for the licensing requirements of a
• radio/TV station
EARLY WARNING Early Warning and Media
Ch
News and freedom of the press
• Broadcasters can say and broadcast whatever they like. They cannot broadcast an
y y y
'emergency message' unless it comes from an authority which has the power to do
so
• They should NEVER change the warning
y yp
• They cannot be forced to broadcast any particular message g
• They relay such messages because it is in the public interest to do so and is often
part of the charter for the licensing requirements of a radio/TV station
What media can do

What media can do
• ABU can ask all its members to commit to relaying urgent messages on tsunamis,
cyclones, earthquakes, when received from the authorities
• Do not question the
Do not question the “Warning”:
Warning : There is no time!
There is no time!
• Agree on a standard procedure with the responsible agencies NOW
• Empower the night editor to act, not to call back. Do not have the night editor of
SLBC (Sri Lanka) or RRI (Indonesia) or FBC (Fiji) or MBC (Maldives) to scramble for a
memo
• Train together, every week
EARLY WARNING Case Study: ABU Technical Committee Early
Ch
TASKS
• IImplementation of EWBS in the ABU region
l i f EWBS i h ABU i
• Techniques employed for EWBS
• Media suitable for EWBS (SW, MW, FM, etc)
• C
Connection of broadcasting stations to governmental or
i fb d i i l
international organizations which issue the disaster forecast
• Emergency warning codes (Intrinsic code, Area code, Time code,
etc )
etc.)
• Receivers for EWBS including digital broadcasting
Deliverables
• Guidelines for implementation of EWBS in the ABU region
y g
• A set of rules that may be observed in establishing EWBS in the
ABU region
Source: Kazuyoshi Shogen, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
Ch
Elements of Disaster Relief Broadcastingg
• Disaster detection and prediction
• Warning for evacuation in advance of disaster
• Notification of correct information to the public
Notification of correct information to the public
• Providing of well‐being information
The Emergency Warning Broadcasting System (EWBS) uses broadcasting
facilities to alert people and enable them to prepare for emergencies
facilities to alert people and enable them to prepare for emergencies
EWBS signals embedded in analogue TV and radio broadcasts will
• Automatically switch on or change channel to the one providing warning and information in
TV and radio sets in the home and handheld receivers and,
• Issue an emergency bulletin, alerting people to an impeding disaster, e.g. an tsunami,
earthquake, cyclone, flood, or volcanic eruption
Ch
Some issues to be overcome in the
i l
implementation of EWBS in the ABU region
t ti f EWBS i th ABU i
• The equipment for issuing the control signal installed in
b d ti
broadcasting stations
t ti
• The EWBS receivers
• The regulation put up by the government and the support for
g p p y g pp
EWBS by the government
• The attribution of EWBS control signal and the security
against the abuse of EWBS
against the abuse of EWBS
• Connection of broadcasting stations to governmental or
international organizations which issue the disaster forecast
• Funding of the EWBS
Ch
Case Study: Japan
Earthquake and tsunami
EWBS over analogue EWBS over digital Earthquake early warning
information services via
broadcasting broadcasting information
data broadcastingg
• In operation since 1985 • In operation since 2000 • Has been provided • Has just been provided
• To terrestrial and for satellite TV channels since January 2007 since 1 October 2007
satellite TV channels and 2003 for terrestrial • To digital satellite TV, • To analogue and digital
and AM/FM radio TV channels digital terrestrial TV and satellite TV channels,
services • The EWBS signals are
The EWBS signals are One Segdata
One‐Segdata analogue and digital
analogue and digital
• The control signal is multiplexed with the broadcasting terrestrial TV channels,
dual tones, which are broadcast signals One‐Segservices and
readily audible to the • Automatic activation of AM/FM radio services
human ear TV set in the home and • The information issued
handheld receivers
handheld receivers from the
from the
• They are still under Meteorological Agency
development using P wave detection
• The issue is to reduce
the amount of power
these devices
these devices
consumewhile they are
in stand‐by mode
• NHK is currently
developing technology
to reduce such power
consumption
Ch
Case Study: South Korea, Nepal, China, India
South Korea Nepal China India
• KBS is now doing indoor • The model for EWBS • The standard for CMMB • The work on attributing

outdoor tests of the network and delivery includes EWBS, which EWBS codes in India is
DMB receiver system as well as code automatically changes being carried out by Mr.
compatibility by using configuration are channel Mohammed Shafique
test stream studied Ansari of AIR in NHK
• By first test result of LG
fi l f G • This work has been
hi kh b Science and Technical
Science and Technical
& Samsung DMB carried out by Mr. Research Laboratories
receivers in April 2007, UdayaKrishna as a visiting researcher
there was no problem Shresthaof Radio Nepal under NHK Research
by T‐DMB AEAS in NHK Science and Award 2008
(Automatic Emergency
(Automatic Emergency Technical Research
Technical Research
Alert Service) signal Laboratories as a
• KBS do the second visitingresearcher
indoor test for other under NHK Research
ten company receivers Award 2006
p ,
in September 2007, all
receivers normally
operate with T‐DMB
AEAS signal. After
preparing the system
experimental On‐Air
was doing later in last
d i l i l
year
EARLY Case Study: Early Warning
WARNING
Ch
Broadcasting System in Japan
Source: H. Minamizaki, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
WARNING
Ch
WARNING
Ch
WARNING
Ch
Classification Broadcasting Zone Broadcasting media
Warning of large‐scale earthquake Nationwide All 8 NHK channels (TV & radio)
Tsunami warning
Tsunami warning Nationwide, or by prefecture or
Nationwide or by prefecture or All 8 NHK
All 8 NHK channels
region (TV & radio)
Broadcasting request about Be prefecture or region General TV, Radio‐1, FM

naturall disaster from local
di f l l
government
WARNING
Ch
• Consultation by Radio Technical Council
1980
• Consultation of basic EWBS by Radio Technical Council
Consultation of basic EWBS by Radio Technical Council
1981
• Draft of EWBS by Radio Technical Council
1982
• Ministry of Post and Telecommunications reaches agreement with
1984 broadcasting stations and other organizations
• EWBS legislation enacted
1985
NHK starts EWB on General‐TV, Educational‐
TV, Radio‐1 and ‐2 FM and BS‐1
• NHK starts EWB on BS‐2
NHK starts EWB on BS 2
1986
• NHK starts EWB in English on sub‐audio channel of General‐TV, BS‐1 and
1988 ‐2, and Radio‐2
• NHK starts EWB in Chinese, Korean and Portuguese on its sub‐audio
2007 channel of General‐TV,BS‐1 and ‐2, and Radio‐2
WARNING
Ch
Track record Prevalence of Test Broadcasting

• Emergency Warning EWBS receivers at NHK
Broadcasting has
Broadcasting has • Analog receivers
A l i • (First day of every
(Fi d f
been aired 15 times
Everyday training
(radio & TV) about month, 11:59:00 –
in Japan. 550,000 sets 11:59:50, General‐TV,
for EWB, breaking
• All of the broadcasts • Digital TV about Radio‐1, FM) news of
were tsunami 200,000 sets
200,000 sets • to promote EWBS
to promote EWBS q
earthquakes after
warnings • to check EWBS the last newscast
receivers at homes at NHK Tokyo
• to check EWBS News Center
equipment in
broadcasting stations
EARLY WARNING
Ch
Bangladesh
Overview
• Standing orders on Disaster (SoD) were
introduced in 1999 by the Ministry of Food and
introduced in 1999 by the Ministry of Food and
Disaster Management, which includes the media
role for DRR:
• “BTV Must Telecast on receipt of warning signal
no 4 along with explanation given by Bangladesh
M
Metrological Department every one hour and
l i lD h d
continue such telecast if advised by the Ministry
of Food and Disaster Management”
of Food and Disaster Management
Source: S M Morshed, 4 December 08, Technical Session 5 on “Media involvement in DRR”
EARLY WARNING
Ch
Bangladesh
Distribution of Radio for
Capacity Building Initiative Capacity Building for Media award on disaster
Fisherman in the coastal
Fisherman in the coastal
for BMD Media Persons management
belt
• Strengthen capacity of • CDMP provided Radio • CDMP imparting training • Ministry of Food &
Bangladesh set for the fisherman in on Risk Reduction Disaster Management
Meteorological the coastal belt through Feature Writing for the introduced Media Award
Department (BMD)
Department (BMD) Cyclone Preparedness
Cyclone Preparedness students of Journalism
students of Journalism on Disaster Management
on Disaster Management
• MoU signed between Programme(CPP) to Department, University in 2005 with the support
Ministry of Defense and facilitate the access to of Dhaka of CDMP with a aim to
MoFDM for data sharing disaster information • After training course the encourage the Media
• Computerized 35 met‐ students interact with person for the
observatory stations
observatory stations the beneficiaries of
the beneficiaries of production of Risk
production of Risk
CDMP at community Reduction
• Developed and deployed
level and then prepare Report/feature
web‐based data
acquisition system for features on local risk
fetching and reduction initiatives
disseminating met‐data
disseminating met data
and information
• Installed LAN, broadband
Internet connection
• Developed website for
BMD
EARLY WARNING
Ch
Bangladesh
Regular Programme on Inclusion of Risk Reduction
Prospects for Strengthening
Disaster Management with Issues in National Television
Media Role towards DRR
Bangladesh Television Debate Competition
• CDMP Advocacy • As part of strengthening • Expansion of Private TV
Component supporting information service on Channels
Bangladesh Television for disaster management risk • Endorsement of Rights to
production of a regular reduction issues has been Information Act 2008
monthly programme on
monthly programme on included in the National
included in the National • Establishment of
bl h f
disaster management on Television Debate Community Radio in
different issues Competition on stage Bangladesh by Non‐
owned BTV and private TV GovtInitiatives
g
channel ATN Bangla
• Commitment of Young
Commitment of Young
Journalists for Risk
Reduction Reporting
DISASTER UNDAC Preparedness Missions
Ch
PREPAREDNESS
OCHA
• In 1991 the GA adopted Resolution 46/182 to strengthen the UN
p / g
response to complex emergencies and natural disasters under a
Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) within the UN
Secretariat
• In 1998, DHA was reorganized into OCHA. In 2008 OCHA
employed 1,700 staff members in New York, Geneva and in the
field
• OCHA
OCHA’ss Core Functions are:–Policy development–Advocacy of
Core Functions are: Policy development Advocacy of
humanitarian issues–Coordination of humanitarian emergency
response
pp
• Mr. John Holmes was appointed ERC and USG of Humanitarian
Affairs in 2006, following Mr. Jan Egeland
• Missions in Asia include: Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Mongolia,
Philippines, Lao PDR, Bhutan, Cambodia (planned in 2009)
Source: Gerhard Putman, 3 December 08, Side Event C on “Strengthening National Response Preparedness in Asia – UNDAC
Preparedness Missions Experience”
Ch
PREPAREDNESS
OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools

24 hours duty ReliefWeb, IRIN & Emergency Cash

system HIC Grants
Register of
Environmental Disaster MCDA & CM
Emergency Section
g y Management
g Coordination staff
Capabilities
Brindisi RDRAs and OCHA
Warehouse field and offices
Ch
PREPAREDNESS
UNDAC Support On Site Operations
modules (from Coordination
UNDAC Teams
UNDAC Teams
(from IHP Centre (OSOCC) in
Countries) field
Standby Partners
Virtual OSOCC
International (short term staff
(evolving into
Urban SAR Teams for OCHA Field
GDAS)
Offices)
The surge capacity
Ch
PREPAREDNESS
Lao Bhutan Philippines
• Translation of UNDAC • March 29, 2008
, • November/December
/
Mission Report in local • Stakeholder workshop – 2004 after consecutives
language ToR typhoons
• Continued consultations • Review documents • UNDAC Mission
by IASC‐CT with NDMO • Relevant stakeholders
Relevant stakeholders • Mission assessment
• Prioritization of • Roles/responsibilities, report:
recommendations for resources, expectations, • Re‐affirmed NDCC’s
implementation gaps Four‐Point Plan of
• Wider consultations: in‐ • Field visit
Field visit –accompanied
accompanied Action for Disaster
country and regional by focal persons Preparedness
actors • Underscored NDCC’s
• Levels of government
roadmap to improve
• Report writing
capacity
• Presentation of the
Presentation of the
• Served as impetus for
assessment findings –
the re‐definition of
NCDM
Office of Civil Defense’s
Vision and Mission
Space and
High Technology Tools
Contents
• Case Study: UNESCAP space tools for DRM
• Case Study: UN‐SPIDER
• Case Study: Sentinel‐Asia
• Case Study: Asian Seismic Risk Reduction Center
• Case Study: India Space Programme
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UNESCAP space tools for DRM
Ch
Overview
• Regional arm of UN Secretariat in the Asia‐Pacific
• The biggest of five UN regional commissions
• 62 member and associate members
• Population about 60% of world total
Regional Space Applications Programme (RESAP)
• Initiated by Ministerial Conference on Space Applications for
Development, 1994, Beijing, China
• Continued by second Ministerial Conference on Space Applications for
Continued by second Ministerial Conference on Space Applications for
Sustainable Development, 1999, New Delhi, India
• Capacity building at policy, institutional and technical levels
• Promoting operational use of space technology in priority fields
• Focused on disaster management since 2002
Source: Wu Guoxiang, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi‐tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Disaster risk reduction as priority focus area
• ESCAP resolution 64/1 established its subsidiary bodies:
• Committee on Disaster Risk Reduction
• Policy options and strategies on multi‐hazard DRR
• Regional cooperation mechanisms for DRR, including space and other technical
R i l i h i f DRR i l di d h h i l
support systems
• Multi‐hazard assessment, preparedness, early warning and response to disaster
risks
• Committee on Information and Communications Technology
• ICT applications for DRR
Established sub‐programme on ICT
p g
and DRR, and the ICT and DRR Division for its implementation
• RESAP to be implemented by Space Applications Section
• As a comparative advantage of ESCAP
Ch
ESCAP efforts related to space applications
• Focused
Focused on analytical and normative work for capacity building at
on analytical and normative work for capacity building at
policy and institutional levels
• Through regional cooperation:
• Sharing of information, communications and space technology
Sharing of information, communications and space technology
infrastructure and resources through strengthening existing and
developing regional cooperative mechanisms
• Regional cooperative mechanisms on use of satellite information
for disaster management
• Exploring possibility of regional and sub regional disaster
management communication supporting capacities
• Promoting regional network of networks on multi‐hazards disaster
P ti i l t k f t k lti h d di t
management related information sharing and analysis
• Enhance disaster preparedness and early warning at community
level with emphasis on use of community e‐centers
level, with emphasis on use of community e centers, including those
including those
connected through communication satellites
Ch
Current initiatives in the region
Current initiatives in the region
Regional cooperation initiatives
• Asia‐Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF)
• Sentinel‐Asia with resources of India, Japan, Korea, Thailand
• Using both earth observation and communication satellites
• Asia‐Pacific Multilateral Cooperation on Space Technology and
Applications (AP‐MCSTA) towards APSCO with 9 founding members
• 8‐satellite constellation for disaster monitoring
• First phase ‐‐3 satellites: 2 launched
First phase 3 satellites: 2 launched
Other initiatives supporting cooperation
• UN Platform for Space‐based Information for Disaster Management and
Emergency Response (SPIDER)
• International Charter on Space and Major Disasters
• China, India, Thailand and FAO to support drought disaster management
Ch
Promoting Regional Cooperative Mechanisms
Objective: towards a regional space information supporting platform for disaster reduction
• Based on existing and planned initiatives covering the region
Based on existing and planned initiatives covering the region
• To create a scientifically sound, diplomatically acceptable and politically relevant
• Harmonized platform for affordable access and effective use of satellite information products and services
• For effective disaster management and decision making
Policy studies conducted by ESCAP

• Framework on regional cooperation on space technology supported disaster management
• Framework on space information products and services for disaster management
Cooperation projects with JAXA to promote Sentinel Asia
Joint activities with UN OOSA to promote UN SPIDER
• As a regional component of UN SPIDER
Cooperation with AP‐MASTA and APSCO
Major contributions ESCAP may make
• Assist national capacity building at technical and institutionallevels –partnership of local service providers and end‐users
• Recommendation of national policy frameworks for effective adoption of such technical tools and for regional cooperation
• Identifying national needs for relevant space information products and services, and their delivery channels
Identifying national needs for relevant space information products and services and their delivery channels
• Harmonizing initiatives for consistent products and services
• Developing end‐user network for easier access to and benefit from these initiatives and to adopt operation models
Ch
Objective: towards a regional space information supporting platform for disaster reduction
• Based on existing and planned initiatives covering the region
Based on existing and planned initiatives covering the region
• To create a scientifically sound, diplomatically acceptable and politically relevant
• Harmonized platform for affordable access and effective use of satellite information products and services
• For effective disaster management and decision making

• Framework on regional cooperation on space technology supported disaster management
• Framework on space information products and services for disaster management
Cooperation projects with JAXA to promote Sentinel Asia
Joint activities with UN OOSA to promote UN SPIDER
• As a regional component of UN SPIDER
Cooperation with AP‐MASTA and APSCO
Major contributions ESCAP may make
• Assist national capacity building at technical and institutionallevels –partnership of local service providers and end‐users
• Recommendation of national policy frameworks for effective adoption of such technical tools and for regional cooperation
• Identifying national needs for relevant space information products and services, and their delivery channels
Identifying national needs for relevant space information products and services and their delivery channels
• Harmonizing initiatives for consistent products and services
• Developing end‐user network for easier access to and benefit from these initiatives and to adopt operation models
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: UN‐SPIDER
Ch
Objective
• The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) is responsible for
promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space, and
assisting developing countries in using space science and technology.
p
• The Office implements the decisions of the United Nations General Assembly y
and of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its two
Subcommittees, the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and the Legal
Subcommittee.
Source: UN‐SPIDER, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi‐tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Main activities of the office
• Secretariat
Secretariat for the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) and its
for the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) and its
two Subcommittees (Establishment of a legal and regulatory framework governing
space activities)
• Implement the United Nations Platform for Space‐based Information for Disaster
Management and Emergency Response (UN‐SPIDER)
Management and Emergency Response (UN SPIDER)
• Implement the United Nations Programme on Space Applications
• Secretariat for the Inter‐Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities
• Executive Secretariat of the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (ICG)
Systems (ICG)
• Treaty obligations
UN‐SPIDER
• The United Nations General Assembly established the “United Nations Platform for
Space‐based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN‐
SPIDER)”as a programme within the United Nations to provide universal access to all
types of space‐based
types of space based information and services relevant to disaster management.
information and services relevant to disaster management
(A/RES/61/110)
Ch
Ch
Ch
Space‐based solutions
Satellite communications
help warn people who are at
risk, especially in remote
areas. They help connect a
disaster zone to the outside
disaster zone to the outside
world.
Images from earth
Global navigation observing satellites
satellite systems enable help assess the damage
us to obtain positional
us to obtain positional caused by disasters like
caused by disasters like
information on events earthquakes, volcano
that have to be mapped eruptions, oil spills and
floods.
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Sentinel‐Asia
Ch
Overview
• The Sentinel Asia initiative is a collaboration between Space agencies and Disaster management
agencies, applying remote sensing and Web‐GIS technologies to assist disaster management in
the Asia‐Pacific region
• Sentinel Asia is lead by the Asia‐Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF) to share Disaster
information in the Asia‐Pacific region by the Sentinel Asia System and to make the best use of
Space technologies for disaster management support in the Asia‐Pacific region
Source: Chu Ishida, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi‐tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Sentinel‐Asia
Ch
Main activities
Emergency
g y
observation
Emergency Wildfire
observation
b i monitoring
request
Capacity Flood
building monitoring
MTSAT
Source: Chu Ishida, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi‐tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: Asian Seismic Risk Reduction Center
Ch
Overview
• Regional Specialized Collaborative Center
• Recommended at the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2005 Kobe,
Recommended at the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2005 Kobe
Japan
• Tehran, Iran hosting the center
• Launched in May 2007
• Agreement formed between Government of Iran and UNISDR
Agreement formed between Government of Iran and UNISDR
Objectives
• EEnhancing capacities in the field of seismic risk reduction and vulnerability
h i iti i th fi ld f i i i k d ti d l bilit
assessment
• Reducing human losses and economic damages caused by seismic risks and
disasters
• Facilitating exchange of information, knowledge and expertise on seismic risk
Facilitating e change of information kno ledge and e pertise on seismic risk
reduction among governments and institutions and enhancing public awareness
• Promoting regional and inter‐regional networking and partnerships on disaster
risk reduction (DRR)
• Assisting governments in implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action
Assisting governments in implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action
(HFA)
Source: S.M.R. Emami, 3 December 08, Technical Session 2 on “Hi‐tech & Scientific Application to Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Functions
• To develop existing methods or establish appropriate ones for exchange of information,
knowledge and expertise on seismic risk reduction and support related scientific programs
knowledge and expertise on seismic risk reduction and support related scientific programs
and public awareness raising activities in the region
• To mobilize and coordinate adequate resources and make necessary arrangements to
conduct and support policy oriented research on seismic risk reduction
• To hold specialized trainings courses, workshops and seminars on seismic risk reduction
• To contribute towards implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action, including support
for the establishment of national platforms on risk reduction and mainstreaming disaster risk
reduction into developmental programs as well as providing technical assistance
Expected results
Expected results
• Building a culture of safety and resilience and enhancement of public awareness and
knowledge on seismic risks
• Training and research at academic level on seismic risk reduction
• Training and enhancing awareness of authorities, managers and experts dealing with
i i d h i f h ii d d li ih
disasters in countries of the region and seeking the attention and support of policy‐makers
• Assessment and analysis of seismic risk reduction Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction
(DRR) in the countries’ development programs
g y y p g
• Facilitating access to necessary information and data by specialists working on disaster in the
countries of the region
Ch
Advocacy and Communication
• Collection, compilation and dissemination of relevant knowledge and information on
Collection compilation and dissemination of relevant knowledge and information on
seismic risks, vulnerabilities and capacities
• Supporting the related scientific programs
• Enhancement of public awareness
• Sharing of research findings, lessons learned and best practices
Sharing of research findings, lessons learned and best practices
• Campaigning through schools, hospitals, medias and authorities for greater public
awareness of the earthquake hazards
• Planning the modalities of participation of public in prevention and risk reduction
g g g y , ,p
• Enhancing knowledge networking by means of website, e‐newsletter, periodical
earthquake risk management and planning meetings on different aspects of
earthquake risk reduction
• Developing common approaches for training and capacity building on best practices to
strengthen national capacities forearthquake risk reduction, community preparedness,
and risk communication (including earthquakes
and risk communication (including earthquakes
• Working on earthquake risk management issues through holding specialized training
courses, workshops and seminars
• Developing specific training and self‐learning programs on seismic risk reduction
targeted at specific sectors (developmentplanners, local government officials, etc.)
targeted at specific sectors (developmentplanners, local government officials, etc.)
Ch
Enhance Technical, Research and Human Capacity
• Mobilization of adequate resources for seismic risk reduction
Mobilization of adequate resources for seismic risk reduction
• Promotion of seismic risk assessment
• Developing seismic early warning systems
pp g g
• Supporting integration seismic risk reduction into sustainable
development programmes
• Support researches on seismic risk reduction
• Transfer of know‐how, technology and expertise to enhance
capacity building for earthquake risk reduction
it b ildi f th k i k d ti
• Support enforcing more effectively the urban building codes
designed to make buildings more earthquake resistant and
e te d g co t o to t e s a e to s a d t e cou t y s de
extending control to the smaller towns and the country side
• Supporting and developing earthquake zonation and micro‐
zonation
• Supporting new building retrofitting approaches
• Identifying various capacities on seismic risk reduction in the region
Ch
Promote Regional Cooperation
• Establish a network of seismic related
institutions and organizations in the region
• Establish a network of relevant national
bl h k f l l
responsible bodies in the countries of the region
• Defining new ways and means for promotion of
Defining new ways and means for promotion of
regional collaboration on SRR
• Developing guidelines for retrofitting historical
b ildi
buildings
• Developing the capacity for building material
quality
Ch
Promote and Support Implementation of HFA
Promote and Support Implementation of HFA
• Support establishing or strengthening National Platforms
on disaster risk reduction
on disaster risk reduction
• Exploring the possibility forserving as a regional platform
on SRR, DRR and DRM
• Support countries of the region in developing national
Support countries of the region in developing national
strategies on seismic risk reduction
SPACE TOOLS Case Study: India Space Programme
Ch
Source: VS Hegde, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Systems for watch on weather and climate
Ch
Satellite (INSAT) based Emergency Community Systems
Ch
Ch
Ch
DMS: Operational Services provided currently
Floods Earthquake
• Flood Inundation Maps • Damage Assessment
• Damage Assessment
• Hazard Zonation
• Bank Erosion Studies
Cyclone Landslide
• Inundation Maps • Damage Assessment
• Recession Maps
p • Hazard zonation
• Damage Assessment
Drought Forest Fire
• Monthly Agril Drought • Active Fire Detection
Report • Damage Assessment
• End
End‐of‐the‐Season
of the Season Agril.
Agril.
Drought Report
Ch
Other activities
Communications Remote Sensing & GIS
• Education, Awareness • Agriculture
• Healthcare, Hygiene • Water Resources ‐ Surface water
• Training, Skill development & groundwater
• Information dissemination
I f i di i i • Potential Fishing Zone
Potential Fishing Zone
• Strengthening Panchayat Raj • Watershed development
• Rural Empowerment • Wasteland mapping &
monitoring
• Drought assessment, monitoring
& proofing
• Flood & cyclone monitoring
• Fuel wood & fodder assessment
• Land Information Systems
• Rural Roads connectivity
Safe Hospitals
Contents
• World Campaign on Safe Hospitals
• Case study: Western Pacific Region Safe Hospitals
Campaign
• Case study: Philippines Safe Hospital Campaign
• Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
• Case Study: Bicol Regional Training and Teaching
C S d i l i l i i d hi
Hospital (BRTTH)
SAFE
Ch
HOSPITALS World Campaign on Safe Hospitals
The Regional (Asian) Context
• Asia region highly vulnerable to disasters
Asia region highly vulnerable to disasters
• Regional health facilities have sustained considerable damage in the
wake of these events. Although, progress has been achieved in
several countries, much remains to be done
•The location, design specifications and resilience of the material used, all contribute to
Buildings a hospital’s ability to withstand natural hazards
Patients •Damage to hospitals multiplies patient vulnerability and increase in numbers
Hospital beds •Increase in demands for emergency care
•The loss or unavailability at the time of disaster, hiring outside personnel to sustain
Health workforce response capacity – add to the overall economic burden
Equipments •Damage to non‐structural elements can cost 80 percent of the total costs
•Electrical power, water and sanitation, waste management and disposal – can affect
Basic lifelines and services the entire health facility
Source: Arun Mallik, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008‐2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters ”
SAFE
Ch
Social/political issues Health issues Economic issues
• Safe hospitals have • Disasters create an • Hospitals represent an

symbolic social value;
b li i l l i t i d
intensive demand for
df enormous investment for
i t tf
losing a health facility leads health services. In addition any country
to a sense of insecurity and to treating disaster victims, • Destruction or loss of
social/political instability hospitals must quickly functionality poses a major
• Health facilities are resume treatment of economic burden
occupied around‐the‐clock everyday emergencies and • Direct economic losses
with the most vulnerable routine care involve more than the
population • The hospital network are structure: the value of non‐
• Disaster‐resilient hospital integral components of a structural elements can be
m st be able to protect the
must be able to protect the nation’ss public health
nation public health higher than the str ct re
higher than the structure
lives of patients and staff system itself
and continue to function • The long‐term impact of • US$350 million estimated
losing these services is amount for projects and
difficult to quantify and programmes to rebuild
p g
therefore may be health facilities in Aceh
overlooked post tsunami
• US$57 million to rebuild
health facilities after the
Gujarat earthquake of 2001
Gujarat earthquake of 2001
SAFE
Ch
Case: Gujarat, India
• January 26, 2001 a magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroyed 227 health facilities in Gujarat, India
• All health facilities were rebuilt to international standards to make this critical infrastructure disaster
resilient
Case: Nepal
• Vulnerability assessments for structural and non‐structural aspects of hospitals in Kathmandu
• Specific methods were used to cover the architecture typical in Kathmandu
Regional Consultation
• Regional consultation on keep health facilities safe from disasters, held in New Delhi from 15‐17 April 2008
• Increase awareness and understanding of the issues surrounding “hospitals safe from disasters”
Increase awareness and understanding of the issues surrounding “hospitals safe from disasters”
• Identify opportunities to strengthen disaster risk reduction and preparedness in health facilities during and
beyond the two‐year global awareness campaign launched by UN/ISDR and WHO
• Develop a national and regional framework plan of action, including mechanisms to capture progress
WHO ECHO P j
WHO‐ECHO Project
• Regional roll out of ISDR campaign in:
• Cambodia
• Lao PDR
• Philippines
Philippines
• Vietnam
SAFE
Ch
Evidence based
assessments and
mapping
Advocacy and Appropriate tools
awareness activities and guidelines
Capacity for
Structural integrity
disaster
of health facilities
preparedness and
ensured
response enhanced
SAFE Case study: Western Pacific Region Safe
Ch
HOSPITALS
Hospitals Campaign
p p g
Mission
• Through a concerted effort across WHO, to increase the capacity and self reliance of countries in the
prevention of disasters, preparation for emergencies, mitigation of their health consequences, and the
creation of a synergy between emergency action and sustainable development
Situation in Western Pacific
• Health systems frequently fail as a consequence of disasters from natural hazards
y q y q
• Essential health services are disrupted due to loss of functionality of health facilities during disaster
• Lack of knowledge, skills, tools and plans of local health officials on disaster preparedness and emergency
management
• Weak guidelines for safe construction and designs
• Facilities are located in unsafe places
Facilities are located in unsafe places
• Concept of health as a system of services dependent on functioning of infrastructure and logistics
Activities in Western Pacific Region
• Managing crisis situations
M i i i it ti
• Capacity building
• Development and dissemination of health knowledge
• Health emergency & humanitarian action projects
• Strengthening institutional capacity of WHO
• Strengthening collaboration with national and international partner agencies
Source: Art Pesigan, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008‐2009 World Campaign on
Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
SAFE Case study: Philippines Safe Hospital Campaign
Ch
HOSPITALS
Strategy for Safe Hospitals in the Philippines
Protocols,
Protocols
Policies Plans Procedures, People
Guidelines
Physical
Promotion Program
Facilities Partnership
and Advocacy Development
Enhancement
Peso and
P ti
Practices
Logistics
Source: Carmencita A. Banatin, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008‐2009 World Campaign
on Hospitals Safe from Disasters”
Ch
HOSPITALS
Policies Policies (organizational) Plans
• AO
AO 168 –
168 “National
National Policy
Policy • Institutionalized
Institutionalized Health
Health • Hospital
Hospital Emergency
Emergency
on Emergencies and Emergency Management Preparedness, Response,
Disasters” unit in all health facilities and Rehabilitation Plan, a
• AO 155 – “Implementing directly under the Head requirement in licensing
Guidelines for Managing
Guidelines for Managing of the Office p
of all hospitals whether
MCI during Emergencies • Designated HEMS government or private
and Disasters” coordinators, assistant • Developed “Easy Guide
• AO 182 – “Code Alert coordinators and for HEPRRP
y p
System for DOH Hospitals response teams Development”
during Emergencies and • Organizational shift • Updated plans for the 72
Disasters” during emergencies DOH hospitals and 17
• Department Circular FAO • Hospital Emergency regions
– 64‐A – “Health Incident Command • Presently assisting all
Emergency Alert System System other private and LGU
Reporting” hospitals to
develop/update their
own plans
Ch
HOSPITALS
Protocols, guidelines, Physical facilities
People
procedures enhancement
• Manual of Operation for • Training needs assessment • Operation center
Hospitals (2nd edition) with the health sector • Equipped ambulances for
includes: dispatching, (2003) – targeted 6 groups emergencies
alerting, reporting, • Training agenda to include • Special hospital service
communication MCI etc
communication, MCI, etc. management and skills
t d kill units/facilities; identification
/f l f
• Pocket Emergency Tool (2nd • Training modules developed of receiving facilities for
edition) with WHO WMD
• Manual of Treatment • Decontamination areas for
Protocols for common the BCRN hospitals
the BCRN hospitals
diseases during • Toxicology centers in the
emergencies and disasters country
• Guidelines on an Integrated • Hospital assessment
Code Alert System
• Adaptation on the IASC
d h
Guidelines on Mental
Health Psychosocial Services
(MHPSS)
Ch
HOSPITALS
Safe Hospitals Program Partnership building Practices Peso and logistics
• Launching of the program • Organization of the • 10 P’s as evaluation tools • Actively involved in

last August 2008
last August 2008 health sector ‐2001
health sector 2001 for all hospitals
for all hospitals advocacy creating
advocacy creating
• Technical working group • Establishment of the • Postmortem evaluation demand for such services
(TWG) for structural, health cluster – 2006 of major events and • Increasing awareness and
non‐structural and • Establishment of hospital disasters role of policy makers in
functional network to include • Clustering approach in DRR
• Manual (with WHO) for referral systems disaster management • Providing inputs to
use of hospital
fh l • TWG composition from • Research and evidence policies and planning
l d l
administrators members of the health based management especially in government
• Nationwide drill of all sector • MCM Survey 2005 with budget preparations
DOH hospitals last July • Establishment of WHO • Co‐sharing with
2008 nutritional and WASH • Developed MCM module LGU/Health Sector in
• Assessment tool for
Assessment tool for clusters based on the study
based on the study g, ,
training, drills, and other
hospitals for their • Increasing partnership HEMS activities
• WHO Project 2006 –
preparedness to with the academe in evaluation of damaged • Established good
emergencies and terms of training and health facilities and networking and
disasters development of modules inputs into the collaboration with
• Nationwide research for development of policy on partners
all tertiary hospitals using
all tertiary hospitals using the design and
h d i d • “Opportunities in times
“Opportunities in times
the tool construction of health of adversities”
• Advocacy to academe for facilities in Typhoon‐ • Effective external fund
development and prone areas sourcing to augment
inclusion to their meager budget in the
curriculum past
SAFE Case study: Nepal Safe Hospitals Campaign
Ch
HOSPITALS
Overview
• 80 percent of hospitals have life safety threat to occupants (patients and
medico) and in the case of disasters, will be completely non‐functional
• 20 percent will be partially functional
Source: Amod Mani Dixit, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008‐2009 World Campaign on
Ch
HOSPITALS
Structural assessment is that retrofitting is necessary
• Most hospitals
• Feasible
• Easy
• Cost effective
• Some hospitals
• Possible
• Complex
C l
• Non‐Structural assessment: lifelines
• Most rely on city lifeline system
• Some alternatives exist in each hospital mitigation
Some alternatives exist in each hospital mitigation
• Moderate earthquake – low cost and easy
• Severe earthquake – high cost and difficult
Ch
HOSPITALS
Outcome of possible intervention
Ch
HOSPITALS
Earthquake Hospital DRR activities of NSET
Community Free Clinic Capacity building
• WDMC 17 • Multi‐hazard HOPE
Implementing COURSE
• GON/DUDBC Financial
GON/DUDBC Financial • HOPE training for
HOPE training for
Supporting (Partial) instructors
• NSET: Technical • 4‐5 days
support • OFDA‐PEER
standard
• Monitored
• 5 days
Ch
HOSPITALS
Need to work even in condition of “no policy”
Policy Program Implementation
Alternative approach
Alternative approach
Activity Plan Policy
Nepal • Retrofit our hospital buildings
• Increase non‐structural safety
• Insure safety of critical facilities
Campaign • Increase capacity
Increase capacity
Ch
HOSPITALS
What is required next in Nepal
Political Risk Identification & Education and Knowledge
g
Feasibility/Commitment Monitoring Management
• Legal Framework‐New • Financial and Technical • Flood management
Paradigm of Thinking Resources • Accessibility to
• Institutional
Institutional • Political Support
Political Support Training
Mechanisms should • Resistance from • Lessons Internalized and
be at Highest Level Administrator Practiced
• Credibility‐public • Workers about • Two influence policy
Interest Liability • Sharing of best
Sh i fb t
• Risk Communication • Risk Communication Practices
Specific to Policy Making Strategy • Piloting –Testing‐
• Advocacy/synthesis • Information to Refining‐Dissemination
• Leadership Communities
• Indication of Priorities
• Workable Time Line
/Indicators
Ch
HOSPITALS
What is required next in Nepal
Preparedness for Effective
Reducing Risk Factors
Reducing Risk Factors
Response
• Policies to Fix Existing • Pre event Planning (Facility)
Buildings: • Emergency Operating
Emergency Operating
• Structural, Non‐structural & Procedures/Information
functional deficiencies Management System,
p
• Hospital Customize to the type of
Preparedness/Evacuation Plans Disaster
• Reducing Underlying Exposure • Provincial‐ Local‐ national
of Population to Hazards (Flood • Community Reach‐out and
plain Construction, standards
l i C t ti t d d I l
Involvement t
etc.) • Logistical and Resource
• Absorbing Liability Planning
SAFE Case Study: Bicol Regional Training and
Ch
HOSPITALS
Teaching Hospital (BRTTH)
Overview
• The Bicol Regional Training and Teaching
Hospital is in Albay Philippines
Hospital is in Albay, Philippines
• Average of 22 typhoons in a year in the
country; 3‐5 pass through the Province of
Albay
• Typhoon Reming hit on November 30, 2006
• Extraordinary disaster response
E t di di t
• Hospital rebuilt after disaster
Source: Rogelio G. Rivera, 4 December 08, Side Event I on “Regional implementation of the 2008‐2009 World Campaign on
Ch
HOSPITALS
Typhoon
Reming
Destruction of all facilities and
equipment In spite of this,
• Cut off lifelines: electricity, water hospital
system, communication systems
• Hospital personnel direct victims services
• Replenishment of hospital
Replenishment of hospital remained
remained
supplies were difficult due to functional
inaccessibility and closed
establishments
Ch
HOSPITALS
Stages of hospital response activities
Post‐Impact Phase
• Rapid assessment of
Rapid assessment of
damages
• Assessment of In‐Patient
Impact phase Conditions
• Restoration of lifelines
• Code Red • Clearing and Restoration of
• HEMS, doctors, nurses and
HEMS d t d Communication System
staff on duty were called for • Networking and
an emergency meeting coordination
• HEICS – Hospital Emergency • Gov and NGO assistance
Incident Command System
• Logistics management
was activated
Pre impact phase
Pre‐impact phase • Identification of problems i.e.
• Nov. 29, 2006 Code White was electrical power water,
declared supplies, manpower and
• HEMS ‐ Health Emergency transport
Management Staff was • Contingency measures
mobilized
bili d
• Unit heads were advised to
secure their respective areas
Ch
HOSPITALS
What made the difference in the disaster response?
Dedicated and
D di d d Organizational
O i i l
Trained personnel
committed staff structure in place
Implementation of
Office procedures emergency
Organizational shift
shortened procurement
system
Established
hospital
hospital
emergency
preparedness
Disaster Risk Reduction and
Education
Contents
• Overview
• The Education Model
• Building community capacity through education
• Structure of DRR Educational Interventions
• Case Study: School Earthquake Safety in Nepal
• Conclusions and Recommendations
Overview: Schools as centers for
DRR Education
Ch
implementing change
Source: Manu Gupta., Technical Session 3 on “Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction; Involvement & Empowerment of
DRR Education The Education Model
Ch
School DRR programs make Safeguard Students, Teachers
y
community safer • Reduced
Reduced conflicts with authorities in
conflicts with authorities in
• DRR Knowledge permeates into Post‐Disaster situation
Households and ultimately to the
community
Importance of
School DRR
Programs
Centre for Continuity of DRR Provide Training
• Continuous Disaster preparedness – opportunities:
Evacuation Drills, Culture of Safety • Masons, builders, contractors,
housewives
Source: Amod Dixit, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR: promoting
DRR Education The Education Model
Ch To Teach To Learn
and and
Empower Experience
To Practice
and
Reflect
Source: Manu Gupta , 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR:
DRR Education Building community capacity through education
Ch
Education and public
awareness is not a ‘dip‐
stick’ exercise but
consciously built into
the DRR process
DRR Education Structure of DRR Educational
Ch
Interventions
DRR Education Global Open Forum for Risk Education
Ch
Disaster Preparedness Education for Children
DRR Education
Ch
with Disabilities
Estimated 433,333,333 10.6% of the population
650,000,000 disabled
people in Asia and Pacific in Asia and Pacific is
people
are disabled (2/3 of total) disabled
Biwako Millennium Framework (BMF) Plus Five 2003 –2012
• Biwako Millennium Framework for Action Towards an inclusive, barrier‐free
and rights‐based society for persons with disabilities in Asia and the Pacific
• “Disability‐inclusive disaster management should be promoted. Disability
perspectives should be duly included in the implementation of policies and
initiatives in this area, including the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005‐2015, an
international framework for promoting the commitment of Governments to
disaster management. Universal design concept should be integrated into
infrastructure development in disaster‐preparedness and post‐disaster
reconstruction activities”
Source: Sae Kani, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
DRR Education
Ch
with Disabilities
Bangkok Action Agenda (October 2007)
• Design formal and informal educational strategies and materials
D i f l di f l d i l i d i l
specifically for children with various disabilities, with their
participation, and in accordance with their needs
• Reach out to children who are not in schools, including children
Reach out to children who are not in schools, including children
with disabilities
• Update the minimum standards for the construction and
operation of school buildings to incorporate disaster mitigation,
allow for flexibility to suit local condition and ensure that new
ll f fl ibilit t it l l diti d th t
school construction and disaster management planning
includes the application of “accessibility standards” for students
and staff with disabilities
• Special outreach efforts should be made to reach children with
disabilities, their teachers and parents, both in mainstreamed
school settings and special schools.
DRR Education
Ch
with Disabilities
1.Generally low skills of teachers for 2. Lack of appropriate simple DRR
teaching CWDs education materials for CWDs
• Continuous capacity building of teachers for • Special teaching materials needed for each
CWDs is needed
CWDs is needed disability such as Visual materials for deaf
disability such as Visual materials for deaf
• Acknowledgement and better social status and audio and Braille based materials for
of teachers for CWDs blind
• Teachers’ guide for how to teach DRR for
more complex disabilities is needed
Challenges for
sustainability of DRR
education for CWDs
education for CWDs
3.Low awareness and understanding on 4. Low awareness and lack of active
disability issues among community initiatives of national and local government
members on disability issues
on disability issues
• Increased awareness and acceptance of • Better information flow between different government
departments regarding assistance available for CWDs
families with CWDs in the community and their families
• Increased capacity of community in DRR in • Budget allocation for improving physical accessibility to
order to assist families of CWDs
order to assist families of CWDs school buildings and for safe evacuation
school buildings and for safe evacuation
DRR Education Case Study: School Earthquake Safety in Nepal
Ch
Overview
• Most schools in Nepal are
especially public schools are
especially public schools are
vulnerable to disasters
• There is an urgent need to
address safetyy of schools, , Schools in Kathmandu Valley
including disaster curricula for
children, teachers, parents
• There are methods and means
to make schools in Nepal safer
to make schools in Nepal safer
against hazards
• These methods are technically,
y y
socially, economically and
politically feasible and
affordable
• Strategic intervention by
Government is necessary
Government is necessary
Source: Amod Dixit, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
Ch
Nepal Draft National Strategy
• Focused on the development of a national program to
reduce vulnerability of school buildings to natural
hazards
• Planned survey of all existing school to create a
vulnerability profile
• Institutionalization of disaster preparedness and drills
• Plan for training all teachers, management committee,
and parents
• Development of draft curricula for secondary level
• Development of school maintenance plans
Ch
Components of NSET School Challenges
Earthquake Safety Programs
Hazard vulnerability assessment of school buildings
Need to cover about
35,000 public schools and
Repair/Retrofit to national building code level and higher about 15,000 private
schools
Earthquake preparedness plan and conducting drills
h k d l d d d ll
• Provide earthquake awareness programs to students, teachers and parents
• Disaster safety clubs: new or existing Institutionalization in the
existing education system
Earthquake awareness programs in the hinterland communities
Earthquake awareness programs in the hinterland communities •Implement National Strategy for
I l N i lS f
Disaster Risk Management
• Shake table demonstration •Develop National Strategy for
School DRR
• Awareness materials ‐ explanation
• Students to conduct awareness programs in communities
Mason training on earthquake resistant construction technology
Student/teachers exchange, meetings, and summits
Ch
Building Technology
g gy
Ch
Building Technology
g gy
DRR Education Conclusions and Recommendations
Ch
Conclusions and Recommendations
• The Hyogo Framework of Action and Disaster Risk Reduction FA/DRR
The Hyogo Framework of Action and Disaster Risk Reduction FA/DRR
cannot be achieved without safer schools
• Methods of comprehensive disaster education and school safety has
been shown to be feasible
• Development and implementation (with budget allocation) of formal
and non‐formal education and awareness programs should be
mandatory in annual plans of governments in the education sector
• There should be a fixed percentage allocation of budget outlay in
There should be a fixed percentage allocation of budget outlay in
education sector for retrofitting of vulnerable schools and
preparedness plans and drills
• Create special task forces on knowledge and public awareness within
national platforms/NDMOs
f /
• Education Sector needs to be more inclusive addressing disaster
prevention education on priority
Indigenous Knowledge and
DRR
Contents
• Overview
• Transferring Indigenous Knowledge
• Case study: Kyoto University Activities
• Case Study: Major Initiatives in Transferring
Indigenous Knowledge
Overview: Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
Context
• Increasing trend of disasters
• g g
Evolution of DRR field versus indigenous knowledge existence
• Compelling evidence
• Technology and IK – cultural invasion
• Mandated by Hyogo Framework for Action
• Cost effectiveness
Cost effectiveness
Entry Points Thematic focus Tools
• Climate change • Mountain • Education

and food security • Coast • Advocacy
• Rural development
p • River • Institutionalization
Institutionalization
• Gender • Water strategies
• Urban risk • Housing • Research,
reduction documentation, ,
implementation
Source: Author unknown, 2 December 08, Side Session on “Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Definition
• Definition: Indigenous knowledge is the knowledge that people
e o d ge ous o edge s e o edge a peop e
in a given community have developed over time, and continue
to develop. It is based on experience, often tested over
centuries of use, adapted to local culture and environment,
dynamic and changing
Needs
• Raise awareness about the importance of indigenous
knowledge for disaster risk reduction
• Analyze the value and transferability of indigenous knowledge
for reducing vulnerability
• Develop ways to further integrate indigenous knowledge into
di t
disaster‐related policy and practice
l t d li d ti
Source: Author unknown, 2 December 08, Side Session on “Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction”
Transferring Indigenous Knowledge
Ch
Overview
• Transferable indigenous knowledge is the traditional art of disaster
reduction that is indigenous to specific region (s) but having potential
to be applied to other regions and having time‐tested reliability
Criteria for transferring indigenous knowledge
• Originated within communities, based on local needs, and specific to
g , , p
culture and context (environment and economy)
• Provides core knowledge with flexibility for local adaptation for
implementation
• Uses local knowledge and skills, and materials based on local ecology
U l lk l d d kill d i l b d l l l
• Has been proven to be time tested and useful in disasters
• Is applied or applicable in other communities or generations
Source: Rajib Shaw, 4 December 08, Technical Session 6 on “Public Awareness and Education for DRR ~ promoting
Ch
Ch
Implementation issues in transferring knowledge
Whom to
How to transfer What to transfer Who to transfer
transfer
• Documentation • Principles and • Vulnerable • Community
• On‐site visit Methodology communities, leaders
• DRH database policy makers • External
• Workshops facilitators
• Internal,
external
facilitation
• Link to modern
Link to modern
technology
Ch
Transfer of knowledge classification
Three phases of
Five thematic areas Two types of TIK
Disaster Cycle
Disaster Cycle
• Mountain • Based on • Pre‐disaster
Ecosystem technology • During disaster
• Coastal Zone
Coastal Zone • Based on belief
Based on belief • Post‐disaster
Post disaster
Management systems
• Integrated Water
Resource
M
Management t
• Arid land
management
• River basin
management
• Housing and Shelter
Ch
Transferring indigenous knowledge in education
• Cross‐discipline collaboration
• Civil society: Document and analyze
y
• Education and Research Community: Validation and analyze y
• Policy maker: Policy decision
• Regional and International organization: Policy advocacy
• Steps (not necessarily in this order)
Steps (not necessarily in this order)
• Education: link to curriculum
• Policy: regional, national and local advocacy and decision
• Pilot: Implementation and validation
Pil t I l t ti d lid ti
Ch
•Priority Thematic areas
Critical •Climate change and food security
•Rural development
•Urban Risk reduction
Entry Points
•Gender and inclusion
G d di l i
•Research, documentation
•Education
•Advocacy
Policy Tools •Institutional Framework
•Establishment of a resource group
•Establishment of a resource group
Action •Documentation and research
•Education
•Policy advocacy
Agenda
g
•Enabling environment
•Change agents
•Special focus areas
•Special focus areas
Case study: Kyoto University Activities
Ch
2006 2007 2008
• Development of • Criteria • Development of

the concept of TIK development of TIK TIK databases
• Field Survey in (July 2007) (April to December
Japan (January • Seven Templates of 2008)
2007) TIK (March to • Good practice
• Idea ‐Workshop in
Idea Workshop in December 2007)
December 2007) document (Oct 07
document (Oct 07
Delhi (February • Action Workshop in to July 08)
2007) Delhi (February • Policy Workshop in
2008) Kyoto (July‘08)
• Side event in KL
Sid t i KL
(December 08)
• Policy Document of
IK and DRR (Feb 09)
Case Study: Major Initiatives in Transferring
Ch
Recommendations and Policy
International Workshop on Indigenous document (from International
Good practices publication
Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction Workshop on Indigenous Knowledge
and Disaster Risk Reduction
and Disaster Risk Reduction
• “Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster • Kyoto, Japan (July, 2008) • Recommendations
Risk Reduction: Good Practices and • Objectives • Create a database of IK practices
Lessons Learned from experiences in • To discuss the transferability issues • Distribute responsibilities according
the Asia‐Pacific Region” of indigenous knowledge in Disaster to institutions, identifying what role
• Provide a forum for knowledge
Provide a forum for knowledge Risk Reduction what to transfer
Risk Reduction –what to transfer, and task each
and task each
sharing who transfers, whom to transfer to contributor/participant can
• Build awareness for indigenous and how to transfer complete
knowledge as an effective tool for • To discuss the policy implications of • Establish general guiding principles
reducing risk IK –to link practice and policy and to help guide policy
• Share concrete successful experiences enhance the use of IK in decision • Analyze and assess examples of IK,
y p ,
and strategies making both positive and negative; Both
• Inspire all practitioners and policy • To identify future directions in failures and good practices can
makers to consider knowledge and research and implementation provide lessons
invest in gathering cases • Ownership of IK is with the
• Trigger further analysis for policy community, so validation should be
making and curriculum development
making and curriculum development done by communities (CBDM
done by communities (CBDM
process)
• Engage with policy makers, from the
beginning and at different levels in
order to identify issues
• Specific focus areas can help guide
discussion, advocacy and policy
Source: J. Baumwoll, 2 December 08, Side Session on “Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction”
Hyogo Framework of Action
(HFA)
Contents
• Overview
• HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
• Role of Stakeholders
• Case Study: AADMER and HFA Implementation in
ASEAN
• Case Study: SAARC and HFA Implementation in
C S d S C d l i i
South Asia
• Case Study: India and HFA Progress
• Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent and HFA
Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent and HFA
Implementation
HFA Hyogo Framework of Action: Overview
Ch
Implementing
Priorities of Action
Priorities of Action
HFA HFA Biennial Progress Review Process 2007/9
Ch
Implementing
Dimensions of reporting
National Reporting
• Coordinated by National HFA Focal points through national consultations
• Findings recorded on “HFA Monitor” developed by UNISDR
Regional Reporting
Regional Reporting
• Sub‐regional progress reports coordinated by regional inter‐governmental institutions
(ASEAN, SAARC, SOPAC)
• Regional synthesis report on progressing HFA implementation (UNISDR)
Thematic Reporting
• Reporting on sectors or cross‐cutting issues relevant for the region
Global Reporting
• Regional inputs to the ISDR Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR) for
the 2009 Global Platform on DRR
the 2009 Global Platform on DRR
Source: UNISDR, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) in Asia and Pacific.”
Ch
Implementing
Roll Out of 2007/9 HFA Review Process
Reporting period: July 2007‐June 2009
In Asia & Pacific

In Asia & Pacific
• Formulation of Regional HFA Progress Review Framework to guide
regional and national level roll‐out in Asia & Pacific
• Introductory sessions at various regional meetings:
• ISDR Asia Partnership Meetings, February and September 2008
• Meeting of the Pacific Disaster Risk Management Partnership Network
M h 2008 S
March 2008, Suva (jointly with SOPAC)
(j i tl ith SOPAC)
• Orientation Workshop on Biennial HFA Progress Review, April 2008,
Bangkok (jointly with UNDP)
• Regional Consultative Committee Meeting, May 2008, Colombo (jointly
Regional Consultative Committee Meeting May 2008 Colombo (jointly
with ADPC)
• Regional pilot testing of HFA Monitor in May 2008
• Technical assistance arrangements with UNDP and ADPC to assist
selected countries with HFA reporting
Ch
Implementing
Roll Out of 2007/9 HFA Review Process
Reporting period: July 2007‐June 2009
National level
• Complete (13):Australia, Bangladesh, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran, South Korea,
Lao PDR, Marshall Islands, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu
• Ongoing (7):Bhutan, India, Maldives, Samoa, Singapore, Pakistan, Cambodia
Regional Level
g
• Sub‐regional Reports (2):draft reports by ASEAN, SAARC, SOPAC
• Regional Synthesis Report (1):interim draft report prepared by UNISDR
Thematic Reports
• Report on Urban Disaster Reduction in Asia (Regional Task Force on Urban DRR)
• Report on Space Technology Applications in Asia (UNESCP and ADRC)
Report on Space Technology Applications in Asia (UNESCP and ADRC)
Ch
Implementing
Lessons Learned: Positive Impact of HFA Reporting
• Reached out to new stakeholders, usually not part of official DRR
functions
• More commitment towards shared responsibilities to achieve DRR
objectives
• Humanitarian sector more aware of relationship of DRR and
Humanitarian sector more aware of relationship of DRR and
development/MDG (Bangladesh)
• Learning and capacity building, especially of newly appointed HFA
focal organizations
• Opportunities to review long‐term national DRR visions and priorities
in relation to HFA (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Philippines)
• Enhanced capacity of NDMOs to initiate strategic analysis of DRR
(Nepal Sri Lanka)
(Nepal, Sri Lanka)
• HFA reporting more widely accepted as important political obligation
and plans to institutionalize the process in some countries
Based on findings from the joint UNISDR and UNDP initiative to support national HFA reporting capacities in
selected countries: Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka, India, Philippines, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Lao PDR
Ch
Implementing
Lessons Learned: Challenges
• Comprehensiveness of reports is determined by the level of participation
Comprehensiveness of reports is determined by the level of participation
of sectors and stakeholders
• Individuals tasked to coordinate progress review did not have adequate
training in DRR monitoring and evaluation
• Limited networking and facilitation skills weakened the consultation
Li i d ki d f ili i kill k d h l i
processes
• Tight reporting schedules and deadlines put additional pressures
• Commitment of HFA Focal Point influenced effectiveness of reporting
Commitment of HFA Focal Point influenced effectiveness of reporting
• Assessment of progress often subjective with little objective evidence
provided
• HFA reporting framework lacks a section on profiling risks and baseline
i f
information
ti
• Some repetition and overlap in reports due to nature of the five HFA
priorities
• Difficulty of non‐native speakers to fully grasp meaning of progress
y p yg p g p g
indicators and drivers
Ch
Implementing
Recommendations for Immediate Follow‐up Action
• Review of HFA reporting guidelines and
Review of HFA reporting guidelines and ‘HFA
HFA Monitor
Monitor’ by those
by those
involved in the current reporting cycle
• Analysis of trends and patters of reporting, including strengths and
weaknesses
• Identify strategy to close eventual information gaps of national
reports
• UNISDR and UNDP to continue their collaboration to:
• Carry out a training needs assessment of focal organizations/
Carry out a training needs assessment of focal organizations/
individuals designated with HFA reporting functions
• Devise a strategy to build M&E capacities (as part of UNDP
systematic DRR capacity assessment process)
• Consider developing and roll‐out of a training module on HFA/DRR
monitoring & reporting
• Clarify supportive role and operational responsibilities of regional and
sub‐regional organizations and institutions in the reporting process
b i l i ti d i tit ti i th ti
Ch
Implementing
Regional Progress Overview
1. Regional Frameworks ‐
g based on 2. Regional Mechanisms ‐
g aim to
HFA priorities and principles accelerate HFA implementation
• ASEAN Agreement on Disaster • SAARC Centre (2006)
g g y
Management and Emergency • Regional Platforms on DRR/DRM:
Regional Platforms on DRR/DRM:
Response Asia (2007), Pacific (2008)
• ASEAN Regional Programme on • UNESCAP Regional Disaster
Disaster Management Management Committee (2008)
• Pacific Regional DRM Framework
P ifi R i l DRM F k
for Action 2005 –2015 (SOPAC)
• SAARC Comprehensive Regional
Framework for Action 2006‐2015
Framework for Action 2006 2015
• APEC Strategy for DRR and
Emergency Response & Prep.
2009‐2015
Ch
Implementing
Regional Progress Overview
3. Regional Meetings ‐ More high 4. Regional Partnerships and

l l
level participation, alignment and
ti i ti li t d N t
Networks ‐
k better organized
b tt i d
synergies exchange, linking more partners
• Asian Ministerial Conferences on • World Bank Global Facility for
DRR (Chi ‘05 I di ’07
DRR (China ‘05, India ’07, Di t R d ti & R
Disaster Reduction & Recovery
Malaysia ’08) (2006)
• Pacific Regional Disaster • ISDR Asia Partnership (2003;
g g (
Management Meetings (since 14 UNISDR))
years) • Pacific Disaster Risk Management
• ACDR (Seoul 2006, Kazakhstan Partnership Network (2006;
2007) SOPAC)
• RCC (Hanoi 2005, Kunming2006,
RCC (H i 2005 K i 2006
Bangkok 2007, Colombo 2008)
• South Asia Policy Dialogues
(2006, 2007)
(2006, 2007)
Ch
Implementing
Progress at a Glace
New Revision of Legislation
g Bangladesh, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Sri
g , j, , , ,
Lanka
New Institutional Frameworks and Systems India (NDMA), Maldives (NDMC), Pakistan
(NDMA), Sri Lanka (NDMC), Thailand (NDWC)
New National Platforms/Coordination Indonesia, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Mechanisms
National DRR Strategies and Frameworks Bangladesh, Bhutan, Fiji, India, Indonesia,
Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam
Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam
Strategic National Action Plans Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Indonesia,
Philippines, PNG, Republic of Marshall Islands,
Samoa, Thailand, and Vanuatu
Dedicated Resources for DRR India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Nepal
Ch
Implementing
HFA Strategic Goal 1
The integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and
The integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and
planning
• Range of initiatives to design and enact new DRR policies, plans and legislations has
been impressive
But:
• Policies and plans not based upon comprehensive multi‐hazard risk and capacity
assessment
• No adequate budgets available and implementation is dependent upon selective
external support
• Weak buy‐in from stakeholders in line ministries which jeopardizes mainstreaming
objectives
• Participation of a wide cross‐section of stakeholders in policy and planning development
remains weak
Ch
Implementing
The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities to build
p g g p
resilience to hazards
• Most progress has focused on strengthening national level capacities of disaster
management/disaster reduction authorities
Therefore:
• More needs to be done to build capacity of local government and community level
actors, as well as of key development sectors
• Multi‐stakeholder platforms are also required at the sub‐national and local levels
• Public awareness campaigns and school education programs need to devise long‐term
and coordinated strategies
and coordinated strategies
• Curricula and DRR trainings require more targeted, hazard and sector specific inputs
• Role of women remains largely ignored and their capacities remain under‐utilized
Role of women remains largely ignored and their capacities remain under‐utilized
Ch
Implementing
•The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into emergency preparedness,
•The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into emergency preparedness
response and recovery programs
• The linkage between hazard monitoring, risk assessment, and disaster preparedness,
including early warning and response, remains insufficient
Therefore:
• Greater emphasis needs to be placed on local risks, capacities and knowledge that
influence community decisions to act
• Alternative financial instruments to relieve from the burden of response and recovery
are needed, e.g. micro‐finance, micro‐insurance and reinsurance
• Contingency plans need to consistently cover disaster recovery to ensure risk reduction
is note ignored in the aftermath of disasters
HFA Role of Stakeholders
Ch
Implementing
Overview Innovative Partnership
• The Need for Policy Research between stakeholders
on Integrating DRR into • Policy and Decision‐makers
Development Planning Policy
Development Planning Policy • Scientists
S i ti t
Framework to Implement
Hyogo Framework for Action • Local Communities
(HFA) Priorities • Private Sectors
Policy and Decision‐makers Scientists
• Provide institutional and legislative • R&D to Address Knowledge Gap
frameworks • Promote Informed Decision‐Making
• Allocate adequate resources • Provide Expertise and Advisory
• Effective implementation in an
ffective implementation in an Services
integrated manner • Education and Training
• Facilitate capacity building
Local communities
oca co u t es Private sectors
ate secto s
• Be aware and informed • Mobilize resources
• Be responsive and proactive • Promote risk financing
• Implement community based DRR • Implement projects with DRR in mind
• Build culture of resilience • Corporate social responsibility
Local Levels ”
Ch
Implementing
Local Levels ”
Ch
Implementing
Local Levels ”
HFA Interaction between Stakeholders
Ch
Implementing
Local Levels ”
HFA Case Study: AADMER and HFA
Ch
Implementing
Implementation in ASEAN
Disaster Management in
ASEAN
• Disaster management is one
of the founding principles of
ASEAN dating back 40 years
• Momentum created and
sustained since 2003
• Major disasters provided
M j di t id d
critical momentum
• Disasters remain a major
challenge to achieve a disaster‐
h ll t hi di t
resilient community by 2015
Source: Adelina Kamal , 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Ch
Implementing
ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)
ASEAN Regional Programme
Obj i
Objective I i i
Institutional Framework
lF k on Disaster Management
Di M
(ARPDM)
• “To enhance regional • ASEAN Ministerial Meeting • Launched in Bali, Indonesia,
cooperation in all aspects of on Disaster Management in May 2004, ARPDM
di
disaster management (AMMDM) outlines five regional
li fi i l
including prevention, • ASEAN Standing Committee priorities:
mitigation, preparedness, (ASC) • Establishment of ASEAN
response and recovery • ASEAN Committee on Regional Disaster
through mutual assistance
g Disaster Management
Disaster Management Management Framework
Management Framework
activities in order to (ACDM) • Capacity Building
minimize the adverse
• ASEAN Secretariat • Sharing of Information and
consequences of disasters on
Resources
the economic an social
development of Member
development of Member • Promoting Collaboration
g
Countries” and Strengthening
Partnerships
• Public Education,
Awareness and Advocacy
Programme
Ch
Implementing
ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
Legal framework Management and Emergency
Response (AADMER)
• ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
g • Objective :To provide effective
j p
Management and Emergency mechanisms to achieve substantial
Response (AADMER) reduction of disaster losses in lives
• Initiated in mid 2004, mandate given and in the social, economic and
3 weeks before tsunami draft
3 weeks before tsunami, draft environmental assets of the Parties,
environmental assets of the Parties,
negotiated in 2005 within four and to jointly respond to disaster
months emergencies through concerted
• Signed by Foreign Ministers of ASEAN national efforts and intensified
on 26 July 2005 in Vientiane, Lao
26 J l 2005 i Vi ti L regional and international
regional and international
PDR. Ratification underway cooperation (Article 2)
• Embodies ASEAN’s commitment to
effective disaster risk reduction
Ch
Implementing
Programs
ARPDM • A reference point, adaptation throughout implementation,
expire in 2010
ACDM • A regional mechanism with a mandate to pursue regional
cooperation on disaster management
AADMER • “THE” regional framework, comprehensive legal document,
yet to enter into force
ARDEX • Full‐blown simulation exercise held yearly to test
preparedness
ADDM • The only region commemorating the International Day of
DRR jointly with its own Day
AHA • Potentially playing a key operational coordinating role
ACDM Online
ACDM Online • Website to promote ACDM and inform public of its
Website to promote ACDM and inform public of its
activities
Ch
Implementing
Programs
• Two‐year, five training priorities to support capacity
ASEAN ‐HFA Capacity Development
development in line with AADMER and HFA
ASEAN DISCNet • An information sharing network
OSADI • Disaster inventory database, tool for decision making
SASOP • Standby arrangements and standard operating procedure
y g p gp
ASEAN ERAT • Deployed for the first time for Cyclone Nargis response
PEA • Public education and awareness programme
Technical Working Group on Pandemic
Technical Working Group on Pandemic
& Preparedness Response (PPR)
• Promoting multi‐stakeholder, multi‐sectoral coordination in PPR
Case Study: SAARC and HFA
HFA
Ch
Implementing
Implementation in South Asia
Overview
• South Asia has a multiplicity of natural hazards
• Layers of vulnerabilities
y
• High level of unmitigated risks
• Low levels of preparedness
• High incidence of disasters with large loss of lives and property
National initiatives
• Every country has set up new institutional mechanisms for disaster management
• 3 countries have enacted new laws, 3 countries have drafted laws, 2 are in the process of
doing so
• Early warning of disasters have improved
• Many innovative efforts being made to mainstream DRR in various sectors of
development, particularly
• Education at all levels, school safety
Ed ti t ll l l h l f t
• Building bye laws, zoning regulations
• Housing design, construction technology
• Poverty alleviation, micro‐finance and insurance etc
• Yet there lots and lots that remain to be done
Y t th l t d l t th t i t b d
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia
and the Pacific”
HFA
Ch
Implementing
Regional initiatives
• SAARC Comprehensive Disaster Management
Framework
• SAARC Disaster Management Centre
• SAARC Road Maps on Disaster Management
• Community Based Disaster Risk Management
d k
• Application of S&T for Disaster Management
• Coastal and Marine Risk Management
Coastal and Marine Risk Management
• Integration of DRR in Climate Change Adaptation
• Mainstreaming DRR in Development
Mainstreaming DRR in Development
and the Pacific”
HFA
Ch
Implementing
South Asia Disaster
Natural Disaster Rapid Unlocking Indigenous
Knowledge Network
Response Mechanism Knowledge
(SADKN)
• SAARC
SAARC Summit in Aug
S it i A •DDocumenting indigenous
ti i di
2008 at Colombo knowledge on disaster
entrusted the risk reduction
responsibility to SDMC to • Four pilot projects of
develop a Natural Disaster
develop a Natural Disaster documentation of IK
documentation of IK
Rapid Response completed in Nepal, Sri
Mechanism for Lanka and India
coordinated and planned • Framework developed for
approach to meet integrating such
integrating such
emergencies in South Asia knowledge with
• Work is in progress to community based disaster
develop Agreement on risk reduction
SAARC Natural Disaster
R id R
Rapid Response
Mechanism, and
Standard Operating
Procedure on NDRRM
and the Pacific”
HFA
Ch
Implementing
Challenge: Accelerating progress
• Good foundation made for DRR but lots more remain to be done
• Steps required for accelerating progress:
• Political: Raising awareness and generating demand for risk reduction
• Economic: More solid evidence that DRR pays
• Technical: Developing simple but useful tools for mainstreaming DRR in development
T h i l D l i i l b t f lt l f i t i DRR i d l t
• Strategic: Building partnerships with corporate, media, civil society etc
• Level of both ‘total’ and ‘acceptable risks’ being very high in South Asia the focus of the
countries is more on preparedness for a better response
• Within the preparedness umbrella efforts more on:
• Pre‐disaster planning at all levels
• Early warning and last mile connectivity
• Mock drills, evacuation, emergency medical preparedness
Mock drills evacuation emergency medical preparedness
• Training, capacity building
• These are more cost effective and pays rich dividends in short period in reducing loss of
lives and properties
and the Pacific”
HFA Case Study: India and HFA
Ch
Implementing
Progress
g
Priority 1
• Strong political commitment towards disaster risk reduction in India
• Disaster Management Act has been constituted in 2005
• Disaster Management Authority has been constituted at national state
and district level
• National Policy on disaster management is on anvil
National Policy on disaster management is on anvil
• National Executive Committee has been constituted to assist National
Disaster Management Authority in executing its function which is
represented by the secretaries to the government of India in the
ministries or departments having administrative control on a variety of
ministries or departments having administrative control on a variety of
disaster areas
• The requisite mechanisms for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction has
been laid down in the Act and every Ministry of Central and State
Government has been assigned roles and responsibilities to address
disaster risk agenda
• National Disaster Response Fund has been constituted
• National Disaster Mitigation Fund is in process of creation
National Disaster Mitigation Fund is in process of creation
Source: O. Ravi, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 “Accelerating Progress in Implementing HFA in Asia and the
Pacific”
Ch
Implementing
Progress
g
Priority 2
• India has established an interim Tsunami Warning centre at National Centre for
O
Ocean I f
Information Services ( INCOIS) Hyderabad.
ti S i ( INCOIS) H d b d
• Government of India has identified key departments/organizations to provide
early warnings on different hazards
• Work is under progress to establish a Disaster Management Support Control
Room in Geological Survey of India and connected to NDMA and MHA to make
direct contact with the landslide prone states to collect landslide related data
• Central Water Commission (CWC) provides flood forecast on all major flood
prone rivers and inflow forecasts for selected important reservoirs. The
National Flood Atlas has also been prepared by the commission
• The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) has been set up by the Survey
of India (Department of Science & Technology), to collect, compile, analyze
and prepare value added maps for use by various agencies in the field of DM;
for management of natural resources, industrial applications etc.
• National Emergency Operations Center (NEOC), in place since 2005.
Emergency Operations Centres opened up at the State and district level
y p p
• Macro scale Vulnerability Atlas for India has been prepared
Pacific”
Ch
Implementing
Progress
g
Priority 3
• Government of India in its 10th Five year Plan emphasized the need for integration
of Disaster Management in the existing education system
of Disaster Management in the existing education system
• Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) as well 13 other State Education
Boards have included Disaster management as a subject in the curriculum of
secondary education
• For effective curriculum transaction, the CBSE has taken up extensive training
For effective curriculum transaction the CBSE has taken up extensive training
programmes for teachers in a phased manner across the country
• Many of the state engineering and architecture colleges have introduced Hazard
Resistant Technology as a subject
• National Institution of Disaster Management, (NIDM) has been established
National Institution of Disaster Management (NIDM) has been established
• NIDM has introduced web based Online Training Programme on Comprehensive
Disaster Risk Management Framework in collaboration with the World Bank
Institute
• India Disaster Knowledge Network is under development
India Disaster Knowledge Network is under development
• Few of the universities and autonomous institutes in the country running formal
courses on disaster management
• DMI Bhopal has also been identified as the regional training institute for imparting
training on Incident Command System by Ministry Of Home Affairs
training on Incident Command System by Ministry Of Home Affairs
Pacific”
Ch
Implementing
Progress
g
Priority 4
• Ministry of Home Affairs, prepared a model guideline and has proposed
Ministry of Home Affairs prepared a model guideline and has proposed
the necessary amendments to existing building byelaws, Town and
Country Planning Act, Development Control Regulations and Land use
Zoning regulations to ensure structural safety against natural hazard prone
areas State governments are in the process of amending their
areas‐ State governments are in the process of amending their
bylaws/DCR
• National Action Plan on Climate Change
• The Coastal Zone Regulations of Government of India in place.
• National Standards/Codes for construction practices relating to structural
safety from natural hazards including the National Building Code
• Hazard specific codes designed by Bureau Of Indian Standard to ensure
structural safety against natural hazards like Cyclone Landslides and
structural safety against natural hazards like Cyclone, Landslides and
Earthquakes.
• ‘Building Back Better’ has become the guiding principle of disaster
recovery and reconstruction programmes in India
Pacific”
Ch
Implementing
Progress
g
Priority 5
• Capacities enhanced at institutional and community level to effectively
respond to a disaster
d di
• Every Ministry /Department of central and state government will prepare
their Disaster Management Plans
• National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) has been constituted
p ( )
• The National Emergency Communication Plan has been conceptualized by
NDMA to provide last mile connectivity
• Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India and United Nations
Development Programme is jointly implementing the largest Community
Development Programme is jointly implementing the largest Community
Based Disaster Risk Management Programme in the world covering 176
districts across 17 multi hazard prone states
• Revamping of the Civil Defence System in the country is under progress
• Ministry Of Home Affairs, GOI is also implementing the Disaster
Management Support Project with support of USAID which aims at
strengthening the existing Disaster Management systems for effective
p
response
Pacific”
HFA Case Study: Red Cross/Red Crescent and
Ch
Implementing
HFA Implementation
p
Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 1: Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 2:
Governance Risk Mapping
• Mainstreaming DRR • Risk Assessment and Mapping
• National Platform (Sri Lanka, Indonesia) • Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (VCA)
• Support in the development of NDMC • Regional hazard maps (Mongolia)
(Cambodia) • DRR Indicators
• DRR in the development policy 2008 (Nepal)
DRR i th d l t li 2008 (N l) • Jointly with DFID, development of DRR
• Legislation to support DRR (incorporating IDRL indicators and characteristics of a disaster‐
into Indonesia DM law and regulation) resilient community (South Asia Regional DRR
• Decentralization Programme)
• Disaster Management centers in 5 zones
Disaster Management centers in 5 zones • Data Collection and Information Management
Data Collection and Information Management
(Malaysia) • Disaster Management Information System;
• Political Commitment GIS/GPS (Indonesia)
• Working with NDMO, Climate Change Division
and Met Office to include climate change issues
g
in risk reduction programmes (Solomon Islands)
• Community Participation
• Community Vulnerability Reduction (China)
• Integrated Community Approach (Indonesia,
Kiribati)
Source: Jeong Park, 2 December 08, Special Session 1 on “Accelerating Progress in Implementing the Hyogo
Ch
Implementing
HFA Implementation
p
Early Warning
y g Knowledge Management
g g
• Community‐based Early Warning System • Information Sharing with Stakeholders
• Flood early warning system (Cambodia); • Dpnet(Nepal)
• Community awareness campaign as part
y p g p • DRR forum (Cambodia, Indonesia)
( , )
of CBEWS • Exchange and Dialogue through
• “Last Miles” Networking
• Alarming villages by riding around on • RC/RC regional networks (e.g. Southeast
bicycles and shouting warning messages
bicycles and shouting warning messages Asia RDMC, South Asia DMWG, Pacific
Asia RDMC, South Asia DMWG, Pacific
through megaphones(Bangladesh during EMCG)
Cyclone Sidr) • Research
• Radio Network • Role of women in DRR
• HF/VHF in disaster prone areas
HF/VHF in disaster prone areas • Applied studies on the relationship
A li d t di th l ti hi
• Simulations between climate change and disasters
• Evacuation drills (Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, (India)
Thailand, Indonesia) • Participatory Action Learning
Ch
Implementing
HFA Implementation
p
Education Risk Reduction
• School DRR • Sustainable Environmental Management
• Inclusion of DRR into school curricula (Nepal, Sri Lanka, • Mangrove plantation to protect the sea dyke system
Indonesia, Vietnam, Fiji, etc.) (Vietnam)
• Higher Education • Tree planting in CBDP programme (DPRK)
• Post graduate diploma course in disaster preparedness • DRR into Climate Change Adaptation
and rehabilitation (India) p p g
• Climate adaptation actions with DRR programme (Cook (
• Community DRR Training Islands, Tonga)
• DRR training programme • Food Security for Resilience
• CBDRR handbook, jointly with ADPC ( Afghanistan, • Vegetable garden as an alternative food source (Timor
Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) Leste)
• Public Awareness p
• DRR into Health and Safer Hospital
• “Disaster Safety Mind” campaign (Thailand); • Integration of CBDP and CBFA
• Brochures, leaflets, posters, plays, puppet shows, street • Construction of multi‐hazard resilient health facility or
drama, TV shows, radio programme, etc. inclusion of Avian Influenza (Laos)
• Protection of Public Facilities
• Cyclone shelters (Bangladesh, India)
Cyclone shelters (Bangladesh India)
• Multi purpose community centers (Sri Lanka, Nepal)
• Recovery
• Micro‐credit schemes for housing construction, small
boats or fishing nets
• Income generating activities (Indonesia, Sri Lanka,
I ti ti iti (I d i S iL k
Pakistan, India, etc.)
Ch
Implementing
HFA Implementation
p
Red Cross activities for HFA Priority 5:
Cross‐cutting issues
Preparedness
• Contingency Planning • Multi Hazard Approach
• Agreement with UNDP in community • Applied to community programmes(multi
contingency planning (Tsunami affected hazard early warning system)
countries) • Gender and Cultural Diversity
• Emergency Fund
Emergency Fund • Gender perspective into DRR policies and
G d i i DRR li i d
• AusAID prepositioned emergency funding ( practices (strive to have more female
Indonesia) volunteers in Bangladesh)
• Volunteerism and Participation • Respecting traditional coping mechanisms and
• National Disaster Response Teams (Malaysia,
National Disaster Response Teams (Malaysia local wisdom
local wisdom
Philippines) • Community and Volunteer Participation
• Regional Disaster Response Teams • Communities are at the centre of RC/RC
• Logistics actions, and volunteers are the backbone of
• Regional Logistics Units
Regional Logistics Units DRR actions
• Prepositioned stocks • Capacity Building
• Organizational development as part of core
program areas;
• Foundation of the Maldives Red Crescent Society
Mainstreaming
Contents
• Case Study: RCC Program
• Case Study: RCC Program in the Philippines
• Case Study: RCC Program in Sri Lanka
• Case Study: RCC Program in Nepal
• Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
DRR Case Study: RCC Program
Ch
MAINSTREAM
RCC 2: Comprehensive disaster risk
RCC 1: Integration of disaster risk management approach to be adopted by
reduction into national development
d ti i t ti ld l t all member countries and creating
ll b ti d ti
process awareness, political will and support for
disaster management
RCC Recommendations
on Mainstreaming DRR
into Development
p
RCC 3: Members endorsed action by RCC
and its member countries to develop a
and its member countries to develop a
RCC 4: Launched RCC MDRD Program with
program to promote the CDRM approach
support from AusAID
building on work done in Bangladesh,
China, India, Vietnam and the Philippines
Source: Loy Rego, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
from the RCC MDRD programme”
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Component 1: Mainstreaming DRR into National Development Process
• Themes include; National Development Plan, PRSP, Country Programming of
; p , , y g g
bilateral and multilateral development partners, EIA, NAPA
• Develop RCC MDRD Guidelines
• Provide guidance to RCC members and respective National Ministries on how to
initiate mainstreaming of DRR in the said theme
initiate mainstreaming of DRR in the said theme
• Process document to complement the existing technical guidelines
• Provide examples of good practices from countries of the region
• Includes experiences from Implementing PIPs on the same theme under the
Includes experiences from Implementing PIPs on the same theme under the
MDRD Program
• Undertake Priority Implementation Partnership (PIP) between RCC members and
national development agencies on Mainstreaming DRR
• Progress made
P d
• RCC Guideline on Mainstreaming DRR into PRSP under development
• PIP on Mainstreaming DRR into National Development Planning currently being
undertaken in Nepal
p
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Component 2: Mainstreaming DRR into Sectoral Development Process
• Priority Sectors Identified: Agriculture, Education, Health, Housing, Infrastructure
• Specific Themes selected under each Sector for implementation
• Develop RCC MDRD Guidelines
• Undertake Priority Implementation Partnership (PIP) between RCC members and sectoral
agencies on Mainstreaming DRR
agencies on Mainstreaming DRR
• Progress made
• RCC Guideline on Mainstreaming DRR into School Curriculum and Road Sector developed
• RCC Guideline on Mainstreaming DRR into School Construction and Land Use Planning
currently under development
l d d l
• 6 PIPs undertaken/ongoing in 5 RCC member countries
• Health Sector in Bangladeh
• Education Sector in Cambodia
• Education Sector in Lao PDR
• Education Sector in the Philippines
• Road Sector in the Philippines
• Housing Sector in Sri Lanka
H i S t i S iL k
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Component 3: Advocacy for building awareness and political
support
• Development and dissemination of Advocacy Kits for
Ministers and Parliamentarians of RCC member countries on
“Why DRR Mainstreaming is needed?”
• Facilitate one national high table discussion on DRR in 3 RCC
member countries
member countries
• Conduct National Workshops on DRR for senior officials of all
key ministers in 3 RCC member countries
• Presentation on Mainstreaming DRR at relevant regional
P i M i i DRR l i l
meetings at Ministerial and senior official level and/or at
Regional Forums of Parliamentarians
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Component 4: Knowledge Management Platform for
mainstreaming of DRR
mainstreaming of DRR
• RCC MDRD Website currently under development
• RCC members were requested to nominate information and
RCC members were requested to nominate information and
knowledge management focal point
• Website; “Mainstreaming DRR in Asia”. Will host information on
initiatives in RCC member countries on mainstreaming DRR
initiatives in RCC member countries on mainstreaming DRR
• Questionnaire on status of mainstreaming filled by RCC member
countries in 2005, would be uploaded on the website
• Would include web pages on RCC MDRD Program (Progress
W ld i l d b RCC MDRD P (P
made and planned activities)
• Separate webpage on RCC (Past meeting, themes, proceedings)
DRR Case Study: RCC Program in the Philippines
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Strategy in the Philippines Key sectors/government agencies
• Sectoral Approach ‐ DRR being • Education Sector: Department of

mainstreamed in policies, strategies,
i di li i i Ed
Education (DepEd)
i (D Ed)
programs, projects and activities by • Infrastructure Sector: Department of
sector/agency Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
• Focus on critical sectors • Sub‐National Development and Physical
• Infrastructure Planning: National Economic
• Education Development Authority (NEDA)
• Development Planning • Local Governance: Department of
• Local Governance
Local Governance Interior and Local Government (DILG)
• Priority Implementation Project / Pilot
Areas
• Technical Support from ADPC and UNDP
• Emerging need to shift from project‐
E i d t hift f j t
based to partnership/programmatic
areas of collaboration
• Advocacy for building awareness and
political support
li i l
Source: Glenn J Rabonza, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
learned from the RCC MDRD programme”
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Education
• Safe Schools Program
Safe Schools Program
• Building Safe Learning
Environments (BSLE) Project
• PIP on Mainstreaming DRR in the
PIP on Mainstreaming DRR in the
Education Sector
• Supported by ADPC, UNDP
Manila, and ECHO
• Impact of Disasters on Education
Sector
(physical/social/economic)
• DRM secondary school
DRM secondary school
curriculum modules
• Pilot‐test (3 provinces)
• Training of Teachers
• Revision of Modules
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Infrastructure Local Governance
• Title: Mainstreaming DRR into the planning • Mainstreaming activities (strengthening of
process before construction of new roads
p , , g
LDCCs, Gawad KALASAG, integration of DRM
and bridges in Philippines into local development planning, etc)
• Implementation Period: June 2006‐ June • Community‐Based DRM
2007 • PDRSEA Phase 4 (ADPC and ECHO)
p
• Implemented by: y • Documentation of DRM Good Practices
Documentation of DRM Good Practices
• Department of Public Works and Highways (Oxfam Great Britain)
(DPWH), Philippines • Donor funded projects (GTZ, AusAID, JICA,
• Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) USAid, Oxfam, and ECHO)
pp y
• Supported by UNISDR and SIDA y
• Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction
• NDCC‐TWG Working Group (DPWH, ASEP, Project (GFDRR)
PICE, MGB DENR,PHIVOCS, PAGASA, and • Identification of “At Risk” Provinces
OCD) • Risk Transfer Mechanisms
• PIP developed in‐depth study with
p p y
recommendations
• National Workshop was conducted in
February 2007 to seek feedback on the
findings of the PIP and to identify the ‘way
forward’
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Gaps and Challenges Identified Sustaining MDRD Initiatives
• Development of a national DRR mainstreaming
p g
• There is a need to improve/update the policies framework and strategy with formal
and strategies of government agencies to allow endorsement from the national government
for the formal integration of DRR • Based on the national mainstreaming
mainstreaming to their regular functions framework and strategy, develop
sectoral/agency mainstreaming plans to
sectoral/agency mainstreaming plans to
• This need is evident in varying levels of support facilitate the integration of DRR in agency‐level
(often fragmented) given to DRR mainstreaming plans
• Expansion of NDCC umbrella and/or the
national DRR agenda to formally include other
g y
• The geographical planning aspect of DRR
The geographical planning aspect of DRR
sectors such as housing, tourism, women, etc.,
mainstreaming is facilitated by the national
and to formally include representatives from
agency’s reach
civil society and other stakeholders
• A review of the level of prioritization that DRR
• There is limited capacity of sectors to
There is limited capacity of sectors to gets in agency wide
gets in agency‐wide
implement program/project development and
• planning, programming and budgeting in the
management
agencies covered by the study
• Development of a national monitoring and
management framework for DRR
management framework for DRR
DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Sri Lanka
Ch
MAINSTREAM
PIP Project in Sri Lanka Proposed Activities for Implementing PIP
• Government of Sri Lanka submitted an • Study of the Housing Sector in Sri Lanka
Expression of Interest to the RCC to • Identifying opportunities for incorporating
undertake PIP in the Housing Sector DRR in the National Housing Policy
• This is aimed at contributing towards the y g p
• Study of the Housing Sector Plans as a part
implementation of the ‘Towards a Safer Sri of National Physical Plan and identification
Lanka; Road Map for Disaster Risk of opportunities to incorporate DRR
Management’ by increasing disaster • Stocktaking of National Guidelines/ Codes/
resilience in Housing Sector Manuals on construction of houses
• Initial funding received by ADPC from
I iti l f di i d b ADPC f • Study of a hazard prone province to identify
AusAID for the year 2008 to initiate the PIP gaps and propose recommendations on
• ADPC as the RCC Secretariat will provide integration of DRR in housing
technical support to the Government of Sri • National Workshop to highlight the gaps
Lanka in the implementation of the PIP
Lanka in the implementation of the PIP and recommendations of the Technical
d d f h h l
• Initial activities to be implemented over the Working Group and identify the next steps
period from November 2008 to January
2009
Source: Author unknown, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Sri Lanka
Ch
MAINSTREAM
PIP I l
PIP Implementation Mechanism
t ti M h i
Source: Author unknown, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Nepal
Ch
MAINSTREAM
The Systematic interpretation of
Strategic Goals
DRR approaches
• Th
The integration of DRR into
i t ti f DRR i t • SSeveral municipalities enforcing
l i i liti f i
Policies and Planning building code
• 10th National Development • Enactment of Local Self
Plan Governance Act (1999) – provides
Governance Act (1999) provides
• 3 yrs Interim Development Plan authority to Local Authorities
• Development & Strengthening of • Prepared National Strategy for
, p
Institutions, and Capacities to DRM
build resilience to hazard • National Platform
• Establishment of Disaster Focal • Disaster Management Act
Desk in 10 key sectoral
Ministries
• Post Disaster Activities
• I/NGOs
• CBDRM
Source: Thir Bahadur, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Nepal
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Activities Expected Outcomes
• Initiation of mainstreaming DRR into
Initiation of mainstreaming DRR into • A substantive report
A substantive report
the periodic planning guideline and • Process followed by the PIP for
the annual planning integrating DRR into periodic and
• Guidelines for districts and annual Planning guideline of district
municipalities
municipalities and municipal development planning
and municipal development planning
• Periodic planning guideline for village • Recommendation of the TWG for
development planning integrating DRR into periodic and
• Mainstreaming DRR into periodic plan annual planning guideline of district
of one hazard prone municipality and municipal development planning
d i i ld l l i
• Conduct a national workshop – to seek • Process Followed by the PIP for
feedback from experts integrating DRR into periodic planning
guidelines on village development
planning
• Recommendations of the TWG for
integrating DRR into periodic guideline
on village development planning
on village development planning
Source: Thir Bahadur, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons learned
DRR Case Study: RCC Program in Indonesia
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Overview
• Mainstreaming into overall development planning
M i t i i t ll d l t l i
• Legal framework
• Long
Long‐term
term National Development Plan (PRJPN) 2005
National Development Plan (PRJPN) 2005 – 2025
• Mid‐term National Development Plan (RPJMN) 2004 – 2009
• Annual Government Work Plan (RKP)
• DRR Policy Recommendation on RPJMN 2004 – 2009
• Law on disaster management
• Law on the management of coastal areas and small islands
Law on the management of coastal areas and small islands
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, December 08, Side Event on “Mainstreaming DRR into Development: Experiences and lessons
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Housing and Infrastructure Agriculture
• Developing technical guidelines for the • Strengthening of institutions and
disaster risk assessment for the purposes
disaster risk assessment for the purposes regulation framework to improve
regulation framework to improve
of spatial and land use planning and area resilient of farm production and reduce
risk disaster index drought risk
• Promoting the use of hazards risk • Strengthening food security, increasing
assessment into spatial and land use
assessment into spatial and land use productivity production competitiveness
productivity, production competitiveness
planning and value added of agriculture and
• Formulating guidelines for hazard‐ fishery
resilient housing and infrastructure • Utilizing forests for diversification of
designs economic activities
economic activities
• Promoting the utilization of hazard‐ • Supporting food production by taking
resilient building codes and into account gender quality and
disseminating in the community level; sustainable development
• Improving water resources management
I i t t
in integrated manner to strengthen the
resilience to the increasing drought and
flood risks, specifically in national
strategic river basin in Java Island
strategic river basin in Java Island
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Education Environment
• Integrating DRR modules into school • The inclusion of DRR in the Bali Action
curriculum and religious education at Plan is a major success that will have
local levels; positive repercussions for reduction
• Introduction of DRR into extra school
Introduction of DRR into extra school risks in the future
risks in the future
curricula and youth scouts activities • Better collaboration between climate
and implementation public awareness change bodies, focal points and
on DRR experts and their DRR counterparts
• Developing DRR training modules for
D l i DRR t i i d l f • More accessible DRR information and
M ibl DRR i f ti d
teacher tools for climate change adaptation
• Promoting school retrofitting negotiators and managers
• Socializing and implementing the new
disaster management law, NAP‐DRR
and NAPA at all administrative levels as
well as at the community level
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Health Cross Sector
• Improving community
I i i • Developing End‐to‐End
D l i E d E d
resilient through the Early Warning System
provision of clean water,
p
sanitation and waste
management
• Formulating disaster
Formulating disaster
preparedness plans for
hospitals
• Developing DRR training
modules for managers
and staff at hospitals
and staff at hospitals
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Lessons Learned
• Shifting the paradigm mandated in the DM law No 24/2007 enhances the
Shifting the paradigm mandated in the DM law No 24/2007 enhances the
participation form non‐government multi stakeholders, mainly international
community and NGOs in the DM and DRR activities
p q gy
• Indonesia experiences in recent disasters (Tsunami Aceh, Earthquake Jogya,
Tsunami Pangandaran, etc) implies to:
• generate government in the acceleration of the finalization and implementation
of DM and DRR regulatory and institutional frameworks
• enhance the awareness of people in the importance of DRR;
h th f l i th i t f DRR
• attract international communities in supporting government in the promoting
DRR
• Commitment and support from international communities and donors significantly
Commitment and support from international communities and donors significantly
provide advocacy policy frameworks and generate the implementation of
mainstreaming DRR into sustainable development, such as Program SCDRR
supported by UNDP, GFDRR by the World Bank, AusAID, JICA etc.
Ch
MAINSTREAM
Challenges
• Develop technical guidelines as the derivation from the DM Law in line with the mainstreaming DRR
p
into sustainable development
• Integrate and synergize strategies adopted by each sectors into a holistic approach of DRR in the
development
• Formulate national strategy on the disaster education in order to synergize and to consolidate the
y p g y
current disaster educations that has already introduced and implemented fragmentary in the local
levels by NGOs and International donors
• Develop law enforcement on the DRR implementation
• Strengthen capacity of government institutions and apparatus in the DM and DRR aspects
• Improve public awareness through campaign, simulation drill, etc
Improve public awareness through campaign, simulation drill, etc
• Introduce DRR Sensitivity Planning Approach as the bottom up development planning approach
starting at the village levels
• Formulate policy recommendation and strategy for the implementation of CBDRM, that currently
implemented fragmentary by INGOs and NGOs at sub district and village levels
p e e ted ag e ta y by GOs a d GOs at sub d st ct a d age e e s
• Shift the international donors and community on the DRR implementation from ‘favorable areas’
(Aceh, Jogya, Central java, NTT) to other prone disaster areas , such as Sulawesi Island, South
Kalimantan, etc
g
• Formulate sustainable tools to link from rehabilitation and reconstruction stage to DRR and
mitigation efforts
Contents
Regional and Country
Profiles
• ASEAN: Response to Cyclone Nargis
• UNISDR in Central Asia
l
• South Asia: SAARC
• Bangladesh
• Chi
China
• India
• Indonesia
• K
Korea: Beef Crisis
B fC i i
• Malaysia
• Philippines: Albay Province
• Solomon Islands: Gizo Tsunami
Solomon Islands: Gizo
• Sri Lanka
• Vietnam
CASE STUDY ASEAN: Response to Cyclone Nargis
Ch
Overview
• Cyclone Nargis, 2‐3 May 08
• The worst natural disaster in the country in living memory
The worst natural disaster in the country in living memory
• 84,537 dead with 53,836 missing
• 19, 359 injured
• 2.4 million severely affected
• 800,000 displaced with 30 percent in camps
• 37 townships affected covering 23,500km2
• 8th deadliest cyclone of all time
• Independent private broadcasters who only use notebook computers and
webcams
ASEAN situation
• This disaster put ASEAN on center stage
• Lack of access was the main concern
Lack of access was the main concern
• ASEAN was expected to widen the space and bridge the gap
• Regional instruments were in place but not fully operational
• ASEAN was not fully equipped
• First‐ever experience
• ASEAN is not an implementing agency
Source: Adelina Kamal, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction.”
Ch
ASEAN Response activities
• Activation of SASOP and AHA centre
• Daily situation updates, 24/7
monitoring, offers of assistance,
recommendations for action
• First ERAT between 9‐18 May 08
Ch
Post‐Nargis Joint Assessment Maintaining the momentum
• Are the NEEDS still there?
• Cooperation of both humanitarian and development • Has the ASSISTANCE been delivered?
Has the ASSISTANCE been delivered?
actors • How to ensure SUSTAINABLE recovery?
• Role of ASEAN in humanitarian field • Next steps after 1 year:
• Brought together relief and recovery in one report • Periodic Review of situation on the ground
• Start planning for recovery efforts ‐ Recovery
• Validating unimpeded access and Preparedness Planning (PONREPP)
and Preparedness Planning (PONREPP)
• A snapshot of moment in time • Coordination at the township level
• Baseline for monitoring
• Basis for recovery planning
Post‐assessment
• ASEAN‐led mechanism to continue for another year
• Periodic review of assessment on the ground
• ASEAN was expected to widen the space and bridge
the gap
• Regional instruments were in place but not fully
operational
• ASEAN was not fully equipped
ASEAN was not fully equipped
• First‐ever experience
REGIONAL PROFILE UNISDR in Central Asia
Ch
Objective
• Increase public awareness to understand risk, vulnerability and disaster reduction
• Obtain commitment from public authorities to implement disaster reduction policies and actions
• Stimulate interdisciplinary and inter‐sector partnerships, including the expansion of risk reduction
networks
• Improve scientific knowledge about disaster reduction
National Coordination Activities in Central Asia

National Coordination Activities in Central Asia
• National Platform reported by Kazakhstan
• Draft National Disaster Risk Management Strategy and Action Plan prepared by Tajikistan
• National reports on implementation of HFA submitted by Kazakhstan and Tajikistan
• National focal points assigned to represent governments in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and
National focal points assigned to represent go ernments in Ka akhstan K rg stan Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan
• Integration of DRR into national strategies (NDS, PRS, UNDAF)
Regional Coordination Activities
g
• Regional DRR Initiative in Ferghana Valley (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan)
• Facilitating the establishment of a Regional DR and DRR Center in Almaty(Initiative of the Government of
Kazakhstan supported by OCHA)
• Promotion of the regional coordination mechanism in Central Asia
Promotion of the regional coordination mechanism in Central Asia
• Inclusion of Turkmenistan in DRR activities in CA
Source: Goulsara Pulatova, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “DRR initiatives in Central Asia.”
REGIONAL PROFILE UNISDR in Central Asia
Ch
Disaster Risk Reduction Education
• Tajikistan:
• Integration of disaster risk reduction into national secondary education curriculum
• Curriculum Revision Working Group
Curriculum Revision Working Group
• DRR training program
• DRR manuals and school books
• Kazakhstan
• Development of DRR course for universities
• Local seismic risk management project in secondary schools
• Uzbekistan
• Voluntary search and rescue teams training program
• Development of educational materials and training modules
• Training of trainers and rescue teams
T i i ft i d t
Capacity development
• Establish and strengthen the network of interaction, knowledge, and information exchange on
disaster prevention
disaster prevention
• Conduct national and regional conferences and workshops
Seismic risk reduction
• Development of a manual on safer construction practices using local materials
Development of a manual on safer construction practices using local materials
• Raising awareness of secondary schools administrations about seismic safety rules through a series
of workshops for secondary school headmasters
Source: Goulsara Pulatova, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “DRR initiatives in Central Asia.”
CASE STUDY SAARC Disaster Management Framework
Ch
History
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) setup a Disaster Management Centre in 2007
• A Comprehensive Disaster Management Framework was developed in an Expert Group Meeting in Dhaka in
p g p p p g
February 2006
• The Framework was approved by SAARC Environmental Ministers in July 2006 and adopted at the 14th SAARC
Summit of Heads and Governments in New Delhi in November 2007
• The framework is aligned with the implementation of the Hyogo Framework of Action
• Specific to South Asia Countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
Definition of disaster
• Holistic management of disasters covering all its phases – prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, relief and
reconstruction
Objectives
• Establish and strengthen the regional disaster management system to reduce risks and to improve response and
recovery management at all levels
• Identify and elaborate country and regional priorities for action
Identify and elaborate country and regional priorities for action
• Share best practices and lessons learnt from disaster risk reduction efforts at national levels
• Establish a regional system to develop and implement regional programmes and projects for early warning
• Establish a regional system of exchanging information on prevention, preparedness and management of natural
disasters
• Create a regional response mechanism dedicated to disaster preparedness, emergency relief and rehabilitation to
ensure immediate response
• Create a regional mechanism to facilitate monitoring and evaluation of achievements towards goals and strategies
REGIONAL PROFILE South Asia: SAARC
Ch
Objectives of SAARC Comprehensive Disaster Management Framework
• Establish and strengthen the regional disaster management system to reduce risks and to improve
response and recovery management at all levels
• Identify and elaborate country and regional priorities for action
Identify and elaborate country and regional priorities for action
• Share best practices and lessons learnt from disaster risk reduction efforts at national levels
• Establish a regional system to develop and implement regional programmes and projects for early
warning
• Establish a regional system of exchanging information on prevention, preparedness and management of
natural disasters
natural disasters
• Create a regional response mechanism dedicated to disaster preparedness, emergency relief and
rehabilitation to ensure immediate response
• Create a regional mechanism to facilitate monitoring and evaluation of achievements towards goals and
strategies
Expected Outcomes
• An efficient Disaster Management System
• Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into the development policies and practices of the government at
g p p p g
all levels
• Disaster resilient communities that have enhanced coping capacities in relation to all hazards
• Development of policies and programmes that recognizes all risks to the communities, and mitigation
strategies that are based on a risk management assessment
• Greater levels of coordination and cooperation at national, regional and international levels; and
Greater levels of coordination and cooperation at national, regional and international levels; and
• Enhanced information, warning and reporting systems within governments at all levels
Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive

Framework on disaster Management”
Ch
Priorities for Action
Establish Regional Information
Establish Regional and
Develop and implement risk Sharing and Develop Network
National Response
reduction strategies of Institutions and
Mechanisms
Organizations
• Development of • Establish, strengthen and • Mainstreaming and advocacy
methodologies and standards improve Regional Early • Community risk assessment
for hazard and vulnerability Warning Systems • Geo‐information
assessments • Develop systems and
D l t d technologies
• Development of strategies to procedures to establish an • Research information
make a right balance across effective Community Alerting database
prevention, preparedness, System
• Emergency response
response and recovery • Establish and improve Search
p management
(PPRR) programming and Rescue Mechanism
• Networking with relevant
• Development and • Develop and standardize national, regional and
implementation of risk Damage, Loss and Impact international systems
Assessment
• Methodologies and Relief
Management Procedure
• Establish a post‐disaster
recovery and reconstruction
mechanism

Ch
Develop and implement disaster management training,
education, research and awareness programs
• Conduct training need assessment
• Develop strategies for HRD
• Develop training modules for various stakeholders
• Standardize training curriculum
Standardize training curriculum
• Mainstream disaster risk reduction in education at all levels
• Exchange trainers and experts
• Conduct research, documentation and publication
• Compile best practices and indigenous knowledge
C il b i d i di k l d
• Develop indicators for measuring the impact of training
Apply the ICT for disaster management

Apply the ICT for disaster management
Establish an effective monitoring and evaluation mechanism

Ch
Regional Road Maps
• SAARCC Disaster Management Centre has developed
Regional Road Maps on certain key areas of disaster
management through a consultative process.
• These include:
• (a) Community Based Disaster Risk Management
• (b) Application of S&T for Disaster Management
(b) Application of S&T for Disaster Management
• (c) Coastal and Marine Risk Management
• (d) Integration of DRR in Climate Change Adaptation
• (e) Mainstreaming DRR in Development
• The Road Map on Earthquake Risk Mitigation and
g
Management will be finalized in December 2008

Ch
SAARC Comprehensive Disaster Management Framework
• Developed before the SAARC Disaster Management Centre was set up in Delhi
i 2007
in 2007
• Developed in an Expert Group Meeting in Dhaka in February 2006
• Approved by SAARC Environment Ministers in July 2006
p
• Adopted at the Fourteenth SAARC Summit of Heads and Governments in New
Delhi in November 2007
Framework alignment with HFA
• The Framework is aligned with the implementation of the Hyogo Framework of
Action 2005‐2015
• It is more specific to South Asian situation
• It provides a more comprehensive framework that includes not only pre‐disaster
I id h i f k h i l d l di
risk reduction but also post‐disaster response and recovery
• In South Asia ‘disaster management’ means holistic management of disasters
covering all its phases – prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, relief
and reconstruction
d i

COUNTRY PROFILE Bangladesh
Ch
Government of Bangladesh’s vision on Disaster Salient statistics
Management: “To reduce the vulnerability of people,
especially the poor, to the effects of natural, environmental Total population 140 million
and human induced hazards to a manageable and
and human induced hazards to a manageable and
acceptable humanitarian level” Total geographic 144,000 sq km
Year Disaster Death area
1970 Cyclone
y 300,000 Population density 1000 per sq km
i
in coastal areas
l
1988 Flood 2,373
Floodplains 80 percent of area
1988 Cyclone 5,704
Rivers > 300 (57 transboundary)
1989 Drought 800
1991 Cyclone 138,868
1996 Tornado 545 Major hazards
1997 Cyclone 550 Floods Drought

Tropical cyclones Earthquake
1998 Flood 1,050 Storm surges Arsenic
2004 Flood 747 Tornados Fire
River bank erosion
2007 Flood 1,071
2007 C clone(SIDR)
Cyclone(SIDR) 3 363
3,363
Source: K H Masud Siddiqui, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Disaster Management Institutional Framework
Ch
Elements of National Development Risk Reduction System
Ch
Di
Disaster Risk Reduction Framework
Ri k R d i F k
Ch
Ch
R
Resource Allocation for Preparedness
All i f P d
CASE STUDY Bangladesh: Cyclone SIDR
Ch
Factors that made a difference in Disaster statistics
response
1. Improved disaster prevention
p p Death toll 3,406
measures including an improved
forecasting and warning system
2. Coastal afforestation projects Missing 1001
3. Cyclone shelters –
y 2033 and
2097 proposed Wounded 55,282
4. Embankments
5. Cyclone Preparedness Affected 8.9
million
Programme (CPP)
g ( )
6. Increased resilience of the poor Loss of livestock 1.7
7. Paradigm shift from a relief million
centric approach to a more Crops damaged area 2.4
holistic, multi‐disciplinary DRR
, p y million
approach acres
8. Community based disaster Affected educational 16,954
preparedness institutions
9. Volunteers – 42,000
,
Total economic loss US$1.7
million
Ch
Resource Mobilization
• GoB responded with timely aid and
assistance.
• Allocated US$ 6.7 million (for relief
and housing construction)
• Armed Forces launched search and
y p
rescue and early relief operations
• US Marine Forces participated in
the rescue and relief operations
• Impressive coordination with
international donors, civil society
and INGOs
• A medium and long term disaster
funding strategy
• JDNLA identified the needs and
quantified financial requirements
which is US$ 360 million for
immediate recovery activities and
US$ 953 million for medium‐to‐
long term recovery and
long term recovery and
reconstruction phases
Ch
Ch
Conclusions and recommendations
• Th
The usual instruments for resource mobilization after any
li t t f bili ti ft
catastrophic event are Flash Appeals or Consolidated Appeal
Process (CAP). These are not very applicable for countries like
Bangladesh since the process requires formal declaration of a
Bangladesh since the process requires formal declaration of a
“state of emergency” by the Government. Such declaration are
difficult politically
• Bangladesh maintains very good cooperation with bilateral and
g yg p
multi‐lateral donors and Bangladesh is an example where it is
possible to mobilize resources of over US$200 million within
one week of Cyclone Sidr without a flash appeal or CAP
• Insufficient funds allocated for DRR/DP at all levels; should be
high in the list of priorities
• International support will be essential as domestic resources
and capacities are limited
d l d
COUNTRY PROFILE China
Ch
Distribution of Earthquakes in China (1900‐2004)
Local Levels ”
Ch
Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
• Improvement of legislation system and seismic design codes
Improvement of legislation system and seismic design codes
• Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection against and
Mitigating Earthquake Disasters
• New lab and facilities
• Engineering assessment for key projects
• National key construction projects
• Three Gorges Project
• Dayawan Nuclear Power Plant
Nuclear Power Plant
• Qinghai‐Tibet Railway Project
• Gas West‐to‐East Transportation Project
• Water South
Water South‐to‐North
to North Transportation Project
Transportation Project
• Electricity South‐to‐North Transportation Project
• Earthquake emergency response and awareness of earthquake disaster
mitigation
Local Levels ”
Ch
Local Levels ”
CASE STUDY China: Earthquake in Wenchuan
Ch
Disaster Overview
Date y
12 May 2008
Magnitude 8 Richter; surpassed Tangshan
earthquake
th k
Affected areas Wenchuan county, Sichuan
province and 10 other provinces;
417 prefectures, 4667 counties,
48810 villages;
48810 villages;
500,000 sq. km
Secondary Geo‐quake hazards including land
disasters collapse, landslide, mud and rock
p , ,
flow in Sichuan, Gansu, Shanxi
provinces might have occurred in
13,000 points resulting from the
earthquake. 35 quake lakes
were formed
were formed.
Source: Pang Chenmin 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Disaster Overview Continued
Economic loss US$12.4 billion (RMB 84.5
billion)
billion)
US$ 11.3 billion (RMB 77.2
billion) in Sichuan
Deaths (Oct 10, 69, 227
2008)
Affected 46,250,000
Evacuated 15,106,000
Missing (Oct 10, 17,923

2008)
Wounded 374 600
374,600
Collapsed 7,960,000
houses
Damaged 245 430 000
245,430,000
houses
Ch
Response Activities
“In response to the destructive
large‐scale earthquake, the All‐out effort to
Command Rescue forces
Chinese government set life
h lf
save trapped
save trapped
headquarter set‐up dispatched
people
rescues as a top priority by
launching the operation of
earthquake resistance and
relief with rapid rescue efforts,
l f h d ff Assurance of basic
A fb i
Utmost assistance National mourning
wide resources mobilization life conditions
to injured people day introduced
and the most extensive input provided
to have maximized rescue
operation and minimized the
i d i i i d h
impacts induced by Immediate
earthquake.” Wide social repairing and Safeguarding the
mobilization restoration of market supply
lifeline projects
lifeline projects
Strict prevention
Open media Scientific planning
from secondary
from secondary
information flow for reconstruction
disasters
Ch
Review and Lessons Learned
• Top priority was to rescue lives
• Unified guidance, scientific deployment, highly
effective operation system
• Rapid response, quick decision decision‐making,
emergency response capacity
emergency response capacity
• Wide social mobilization, participation to make
the integrated effort
• Open information flow, policy transparency,
positive interaction with media
• International understanding and selfless support
International understanding and selfless support
COUNTRY PROFILE India
Ch
Salient Statistics
• 58.6% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to
high intensity
g y
• Of the 7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700 km is prone to
cyclones and tsunamis.
• Floods are recurrent events causing huge damage to properties
and assets every year.
• 68% of the cultivable area is drought prone
68% f th lti bl i d ht
• Hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches
Social Vulnerability
• 90 % affected by disasters are poor, marginalized & small
farmers. Pockets of poverty are semi‐arid & arid regions, flood
plains, mountainous regions of NE, Himalaya
Economic Impact
• More than 2% loss to GDP. In some States (Assam, Bihar, AP),
the loss is to the extent of 10‐20 percent of state GDP.
g p
• Drought of 2001‐02 led to 15% reduction in food production &
significant drop in GDP (210 Mt to 180 Mt)
Ch
Multi‐stakeholder mechanism for DRR
• A paradigm shift from response and relief‐centric approach to proactive prevention,
mitigation, preparedness, rehabilitation and reconstruction
mitigation, preparedness, rehabilitation and reconstruction
• Disaster Management Act, 2005
• Legal, Institutional, Financial and Coordination mechanisms at National, State, District and
Local level to integrate disaster risk reduction and mitigation in the developmental agenda
• National Executive Committee (NEC) comprising of Secretaries from key
( ) p g y
Ministries/Departments of Government of India‐a coordination mechanism
• National Policy on Disaster Management is on anvil
• National Plan on Disaster Management
• National Response Plan
• National Mitigation Plan
• National Capacity Building Plan
• “DRR is everybody’s business” in that every Ministry of Central and State Government has
been assigned roles and responsibilities to address DRR
• DRR integral part of planning process
• National/State/ District Disaster Response Fund
• National/State/ District Disaster Mitigation Fund
• “Building Back Better”‐the guiding principle of disaster recovery and reconstruction
programmesin India
i I di
Source: O. Ravi, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive Framework
on disaster Management”
Ch
Disaster Management: Long‐term vision
Ch
R
Resources for Disaster Management
f Di M
• Disaster Management Act 2005
Legal & Constitutional
• National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Provisions: Autonomous • State DMA, District DMA
St t DMA Di t i t DMA
Authorities, Empowerment, • National Executive Committee (NEC)
Governance • National Disaster Response Forces
Financial Mechanisms: • Calamity Relief Fund (CRF)/ National Calamity Contingency
Finance Commissions, Fund (NCCF)
• For 2005‐10 US$4.7 billion (Rs. 21,333 Cr.); 2000‐05, US$2.4
Short term ‐ Relief Funding, billion (Rs. 11,007 Cr)
Aid mechanisms Long Term
Aid mechanisms, Long Term • Long term Mitigation Fund –US$1.183 billion (Rs. 5,323 Cr.) for
‐ DM Act, Rehabilitation & 2 Yrs (2008 & 09)
Reconstruction Funds • Cyclone, Earthquake, Flood & Drought Mitigation Funds
Technological Resources:
• Building Capacities
Early Warning Systems,
• Space enabled Disaster Management Support
Information, • National Tsunami & Storm Surge EWS
Communication & Space
Communication & Space, • Modernization of Met. Observation Systems
Technologies (ICST)
Ch
Legislation for DRR Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response
• National Rural Employment Act,2005‐an unique • Tsunami Early Warning System established by Indian
legislation aims at livelihood security and reducing National Centre for Ocean Information Services (
vulnerability of community INCOIS), Hyderabad
• The Environment Protection Act ,1996 • Key Departments/ Organizations identified to provide
• Environment Policy,2006 early warnings on different natural hazards
• Coastal Zone Regulations • National Disaster Response Force
• Disability Act 1995
y • The National Emergency Communication Plan to
• The National Policy for Empowerment of Women‐ provide last mile connectivity
gender mainstreaming for DRR • The National Flood Atlas has been prepared by the
• Panchayati Raj Act‐73rd and 74th Amendment of the Central Water Commission
Indian Constitution • The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) has
been set up by the Survey of India to collect, compile,
analyze and prepare value‐added maps for use by
various agencies in the field of DM.
• Disaster Management Support Project –MHA‐USAID
initiative (training on ICS, procurement of advance
search and rescue equipments etc.)
• Community Based Disaster Risk Management
Programme in 176 multi‐hazard prone districts in the
country‐an initiative of MHA‐UNDP
• Emergency Operation Centers established at National,
State and District level for effective coordination during
disaster response
disaster response
Ch
Reducing the underlying risk factors through appropriate
Capacity Development for Disaster Risk Reduction
social, economic and sectoral development policies
• National Institution of Disaster Management, (NIDM) • The DM Act has made it mandatory for every
established NIDM also hosts SAARC DMC
established. NIDM also hosts SAARC‐DMC Ministry/Department at National and State level to
Ministry/Department at National and State level to
• National Disaster Management Programme (NDMP) for prepare disaster management plans and integrate DRR
training and capacity building of disaster managers. in the ongoing development programmes
• National Programme for Capacity Building of Engineers • DRR is not a stand‐alone activity‐integral part of
in Earthquake Risk Management developmental planning
• National Programme for Capacity Building of Architects
National Programme for Capacity Building of Architects • Climate Change is unequivocal‐disaster vulnerability
Climate Change is unequivocal‐disaster vulnerability
in Earthquake Risk Management. closely linked to Climate Change
• Disaster Management in School Curriculum • Mitigation measures indispensable for sustainable
development
• National Action Plan on Climate Change‐identified
Eight missions
Eight missions
• National Solar Mission
• National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
• National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency.
• National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan
Ecosystem
• National Water Mission
• National Mission for Green India
• National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
• National Mission for Strategic Knowledge on Climate
Change
Ch
Some of the key developmental programmes
Contextual Challenges
with Disaster Risk Reduction content
• Drought
Drought Prone Area Programmeand
Prone Area Programmeand Desert
Desert • Vast
Vast geographical spread and population
geographical spread and population
Development Programme. pressure
• National Rural Employment Guarantee • Multi‐hazard profile of the country with
Scheme –provides wage employment in the diverse physical topography
rural areas, food security and creation of
rural areas, food security and creation of • Capacity gaps in implementing Disaster Risk
Capacity gaps in implementing Disaster Risk
durable community assets Reduction measures
• ISRO Disaster Management Support (DMS) • The provisions of the DM legislation
Programme requires more time to get implemented on
• National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project
National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project ground
(US$350 Million) • Mitigation requires long‐term planning and
• National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project is resource intensive
(US $119 Million approx.) • Need to develop a strong mechanism for
g j
• National Landslide Risk Mitigation Project disaster information sharingg
• School Safety Project • Need to strengthen the knowledge
• Retrofitting of select life‐line structures management systems
• Enabling environment and roadmap for
p
sustainable development
Ch
COUNTRY PROFILE India:
Ch
Gujarat (Bhuj) Earthquake
Direct Losses
Direct Losses Indirect Losses
Indirect Losses Tertiary losses
Tertiary losses
• Human lives • Export/ import • Long‐term

• Livestock, other • Agricultural output development
animals • Industry/ Services
Industry/ Services • Overall
Overall investment
investment
• Private property output climate
• Municipal • Remittance income • Funds reallocation
infrastructure • Fall in earning • Community
• Power/
Power/ potential due to
potential due to g /
migration/
Telecommunication disability, trauma relocation
infrastructure • Unemployment • Estimate US$628
• Health/ Education • Health hazards million
assets • Estimate US$2.07
Estimate US$2 07
• Estimate: US$3.15 billion
billion
Ch
Gujarat (Bhuj ) Earthquake
Ch
Ch
COUNTRY PROFILE Indonesia
Ch
GoI Policies on Disaster Management
GoI Policies on Disaster Management
Source: Suprayoga Hadi, 3 December 08, High Level Round Table 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
Integration of Disaster Management Plans
Integration of Disaster Management Plans
Ch
Policies on DRR financing
Policies on DRR financing
Ch
Comprehensive Planning and Funding
Comprehensive Planning and Funding
Arrangements for DRR
Ch
Position of NAP DRR within the Planning
Position of NAP RR within the Planning
and Budgeting Process
Ch
DM and DRR related budget allocation in
g
annual work plan 2007‐2008
Ch
g
DM and DRR related budget allocation in
annual work plan 2009
Ch
N
Non‐government budget for DRR
t b d t f DRR
Multilateral and Bilateral Loan /Grants for DRR
• Institutional and Regulatory development at national and local levels
• Revitalization of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Areas
• Conservation critical upstream watershed areas
• Poverty reduction programs
• Community Development Programs (livelihoods, settlement
infrastructure program)
• Development and strengthening on Early Warning System (including
D l d h i E l W i S (i l di
strengthening multi sector and multi stakeholder coordination and
cooperation within early warning chain)
• Infrastructure development (incl. regulation and building standards)
Infrastructure development (incl. regulation and building standards)
• Strengthening BMG on Climate and Weather Services Capacity
• DRR Education and Training Program
g
• Raising Public Awareness
Ch
Lessons Learned
• Shifting the paradigm mandated in the DM law No 24/2007
Shifting the paradigm mandated in the DM law No 24/2007
enhances the participation form non‐government multi ‐
stakeholders, mainly international community and NGOs in the DM
and DRR activities
• Indonesia experiences in recent disasters (Aceh & Jogya) have
d d ( h& )h
catalyzed the following:
• Government acceleration of the finalization and implementation
of DM and DRR regulatory and institutional frameworks
g y
• Enhancement of awareness of people of the importance of DRR
• Attract international communities in supporting government in
the promoting DRR
• Commitment and support from international communities and
C it t d tf i t ti l iti d
donors provides significant advocacy policy frameworks and
generates the implementation of mainstreaming DRR into
sustainable development, such as Program SCDRR supported by
UNDP GFDRR b h W ld B k A AID JICA
UNDP, GFDRR by the World Bank, AusAID, JICA etc.
Ch
Challenges and the Way Forward
• Develop the derivation from the DM Law in line with mainstreaming DRR into
sustainable development
• Integrate and synergize strategies adopted by each sectors into a holistic
approach of DRR in the development
• Strengthen capacity of government institutions and apparatus in DM and DRR
aspects
• Improve public awareness through campaign, simulation drill, etc.
• Introduce DRR Sensitivity Planning Approach as the bottom up development
planning and budgeting approach starting at village levels
planning and budgeting approach starting at village levels
• Formulate policy recommendation and strategy for the implementation of
CBDRM that is currently implemented fragmentary by NGOs at sub‐district
and village levels
• Shift the international donors and community focus on DRR implementation
Shift the international donors and community focus on DRR implementation
from ‘favorable areas’ (Aceh, Jogya) to other prone disaster areas
• Formulate sustainable tools to link from rehabilitation and reconstruction
stage to DRR and mitigation efforts, as well as integrate DRR and Climate
Change (NAP DRR and NAPA)
Change (NAP‐DRR and NAPA)
CASE STUDY Korea: Beef Crisis
Ch
Overview
• Korea was third largest overseas market for US beef
• In 2003, import stopped after the discovery of BSE or “mad cow disease” and
resumed d after
ft trade
t d talks
t lk iin 2008
• There was still fear of the disease by Koreans and mass candlelight protests
• Protests
• Started with the fear of the unknown
• Amplified
A lifi d b by th
the iinternet-based
t tb d media
di
• Somewhat political and may have been anti-American instigated by leftwing
groups
Source: Ji Bum Chung, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and
Emergency Management”
Ch
Social amplification of risk
• Relatively minor risk – as assessed by technical experts – elicited strong public concerns and
impacts on society as a whole
Source: Ji Bum Chung, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
Ch
Amplification Process
Cyber activists
post plans and Social
Virtual petitions
Stir people’s schedules about networking
online to
anger or upcoming street sites, instant
hundreds of
hundreds of Mass protests
Mass protests
nationalistic protests on messenger (IM),
thousands of
sentiments online SMS, are used
people
discussion to help organize
forums
Agents amplifying risk
• News providers
News providers
• Internet discussion groups, internet forums
• Independent private broadcasters who only use
notebook computers and
webcams
b
Source: Ji Bum Chung, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance and Emergency
Management.”
CASE STUDY Malaysia
Ch
Type of disasters covered in
Official definition of a disaster Criteria for disasters:
definition
• Incident that occurs in a sudden • Natural disaster such as floods • 10 people or more killed, or
p p ,
manner, complex in nature, and landslide • 100 people or more injured, or
resulting in the loss of lives, • Industrial & technological • 10 000 people or more
damages to property or the disasters evacuated, or
environment as well as affecting • Accidents of dangerous or • Vast area affected and causing
the daily activities of local
y hazardous materials
hazardous materials extensive environmental
t i i t l
community
• Collapse of high rise buildings & degradation or ecological
• Such incident requires the special destruction, or
handling of resources, structures • Level II or Level III disaster
equipment, frequency and
• Aviation accidents in public response
extensive manpower from
extensive manpower from
areas activated
d
various agencies as well as
effective coordination and the • Railway accidents
possibility of demanding • Major Fire Incidents
complex actions over a long • Collapse of hydroelectric dams
period of time
period of time or reservoirs
or reservoirs
• Nuclear & radiological accidents
• Release of poisonous & toxic
gases in public places
• Air & environmental disasters
such as haze
h h
Source: A. Fakhru’l‐Razi, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Climate Change, Disaster Risk Governance
and Emergency Management.”
CASE STUDY Malaysia
Ch
Chronology
• Uniform Building‐By‐Laws developed in 1984 and implemented in 1986
• Formation of HAZMAT team in 1994
• Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1994
O i lS f d H l h A i 1994
• Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) in 1995
• Directive 20 of the National Security Council in 1997
Disaster Management and Relief Committee (DMRC)
CASE STUDY Malaysia
Ch
CASE STUDY Malaysia
Ch
CASE STUDY Malaysia NGOs involved:
Ch
‐Malaysian Red Crescent
Society
I id
Incident Command Structure
C dS ‐MERCY
‐JIM, ABIM
‐Global Peace Malaysia
‐Global Sikh Malaysia
‐AMAN Malaysia
‐St. John Ambulance
St John Ambulance
‐Force of Nature
‐Haluan Malaysia
CASE STUDY Philippines: Albay Province
Ch
Major Disaster Events in Albay Province, 1990‐2008
Ch
Development
defined as:
• Compliance
Compliance with MDG
with MDG
and improvement in
Climate‐proofed, Human Development
Albay Provincial
Disaster‐proofed Indicators
Goal revised to: • Disaster risk reduction
Development
and climate action are
components of the
central economic
strategy, not the
contingency plan
contingency plan
Ch
Key elements of Albay DRR Strategy
Risk Reduction Disaster
Disaster Response
p
• Risk Mapping Preparedness
• Info board Relief
• Geostrategic • Work with Recovery
• Preemptive Operations
Intervention Warning • Cluster
Agencies Evacuation • Demand‐side
• CLUP Approach
• Damage and
g relief
• Climate change
Cli t h • Community‐
Community
based Warning Disaster
adaptation Assessment
Disaster Proofing
p
Development as an
intervention in in
and Climate Adaptation
Ch
Resources for Institutionalized PDOC Facilities and
Risk and resource mapping
DMO Equipment
• Permanent office created in • Facilities include: Two‐storey • PHIVOLCS
1994 with regular plantilla, Apsemo building in center of • Earthquake mapping
operating funds capital city, office spaces, • Volcanic Hazard Mapping
• Sources of Funds information room,
• REDAS training for LGUs
• Regular allocation from the
Reg lar allocation from the conference room (50 ‐70
conference room (50 70
person capacity), radio • PAGASA
annual provincial budget
room, staff quarters, • Flood Mapping
(IRA)
warehouse, powerhouse • Mines and Geo‐Sciences
• Access to calamity fund for
and 3 units of power Bureau
the operations of PDOC
p
generators communication
generators, communication • Landslide mapping
d lid i
(5% of IRA)
and documentation • Manila Observatory
• Intermittent but steady equipment, GPS, 2 vehicles
flow of technical and • Mudflow (Lahar) mapping
• Source of funds
logistical assistance from • LGU
NG agencies NGOs and
NG agencies, NGOs and • Annual regular capital
Annual regular capital
• Population and Resource
P l i dR
INGOs for capacity building outlays
Mapping
and skills training • Some donated equipment
• Comprehensive Land Use
(Italian Cooperation before
Plan
and now Spain AECID)
Ch
Structural (hard) interventions
• Geostrategic Interventions
Geostrategic Interventions
• Dike construction
• Levees
• Sl
Slope protection
i
• Roads and Bridges
• River control
Non‐Structural (soft) interventions
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan
• Environmental protection including Coastal Resource
Management
Ch
Guicadale Business Platform
• This
This geostrategic intervention is both flagship economic
geostrategic intervention is both flagship economic
project and main DRR strategy
• Redirection of centers of business and residential
activities
• Components:
• Relocation of 10,076 households in high risk areas; cost:
Philippines 3.4 billion from NHA, province, INGOs
• New international airport; cost‐P3.4bn from DOTC
national government
• Road networks: cost‐P878m ‐ multi‐year from 20%
economic development fund of the province and DPWH
economic development fund of the province and DPWH
allocations
• New government center: cost‐P176m from REPOA of
PVB and province to acquire via long term loan
PVB and province to acquire via long term loan
Ch
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
• Training
Training of 18 municipalities in preparation of CLUPs and integration at provincial
of 18 municipalities in preparation of CLUPs and integration at provincial
level
• Integration of climate and disaster risks
• Source of Funds: P16m from UNDF MDGCF
Soil Analysis
• BSWM‐led soil testing of 15 LGUs with 3 already done (Polangui, Ligaoand Tiwi)
• Source of Funds: P5m from DA MOOE to Provincial Government
S f F d P5 f DA MOOE t P i i l G t
CLUP
• No or selective investment in High Risk Zone
l i i i i h ik
• Maximum Protection in the low to moderate risk zone
• Safe zone as the site for new development investments (GUICADALE Platform in
Albay)
Ch
GIS
• Upon completion, CLUP and Soil Analysis to be
l d l l b
integrated into a comprehensive GIS
• Source of Funds: DENR/NAMRIA, INGOs
REDAS Training & GIS Software
• Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System
(REDAS) software in partnership with PHILVOCS‐
DOST conducted last Sep. 2008
• Source of Funds: PhIVOLS for facilities, training
materials and trainers
• LGU counterpart for travelling and accommodation
Ch
Systems for Preparedness
Systems for Preparedness
Health and
Relief and Sanitation
Rehabilitation • DOH
Transportation • PSWDO, PNRC,
and NGOs
Engineering Risk Mapping and Emergency Research
Resourcess
Security • LTO, DPWH, PEO Inventory of population‐at‐risk
• PNP and AFP Inventory of safe evacuation centers
Identification of safe evacuation route
Warning
Warning Livelihood analysis
Livelihood analysis
system Skills inventory
• PAGASA,
PHIVOLCS, Source of Funds: Regular provincial
MGB, OCD budget
Technical assistance to LGUs, Local
Technical assistance to LGUs Local
Institutions and NGOs
Ch
Community Based Early Warning System
Community Based Early Warning System
Early Warning System
• Establish Rainfall Monitoring Stations at the community Level
Communication Protocol
Communication Protocol
• Established through trainings, seminars and table‐top‐exercises
y g y g
• Install community emergency warning board
Evacuation Procedures
• Develops selection criteria on safe evacuation centers
• Develops community evacuation plan with identified safe routes,
triage system, pick‐up safe areas and community assigned safe
temporary holding areas
h ldi
Ch
Response Systems
Response Systems
Info board Critical Evacuation Centers Relief
•Training/Workshop of 720 barangays •Preemptive Evacuation •Supply side (food items, non‐food
SMART INFOBOARD (SMS Broadcast
•SMART INFOBOARD (SMS Broadcast Camp management system
•Camp management system items))
Facility) •Demand side (cash relief)
•Free SMART Sims totaling 15,750
officials for the Disaster & Climate Risk
Reduction Monitoring system
Price Monitoring and Control of
Search Rescue and Retrieval Security
basic and prime commodities
basic and prime commodities
Water, Health, Sanitation and Management of Disaster
Nutrition Operation Center
Ch
Damage Assessment System
Damage Assessment System
Damage and disaster
D d di t • PAS for agriculture with DA
PAS for agriculture with DA
assessment is coordinated by
Apsemo that leads a • PSWDO for housing with DSWD
interdepartmental team that
coordinates with national
coordinates with national • PHO for casualties with
counterparts • PEO for infrastructure
The damage assessment
process starts with disaster risk • Priorities prescribed
assessment, preparedness
activities and the pre‐disaster
d h d • Scheduling prescribed
Scheduling prescribed
warning phase and the
emergency phase and even • Forms prescribed
extends into the rehabilitation
and recovery of the community
and recovery of the community
• Protocols in information established
Ch
Lessons Learned on DRR & Development
Disaster Recovery and
Disaster Recovery and Disaster proofing of
Disaster proofing of
Development development
• Humanitarian resources are • Disaster risk reduction must be
the same resources for a basic input to the Regional
p g
development Master Plan
• Rehabilitation should be • CLUP or zoning policy is key
pursued in the context of a DRR instrument
development strategy
development strategy • ECC/EIA is second line of
ECC/EIA is second line of
• Building back better defence
• Building back elsewhere • Engineering intervention
should be last recourse.
• Disaster preparedness =
development preparedness
• Without disaster, DRR =
economic expansion
p
CASE STUDY Solomon Islands: Gizo Tsunami
Ch
Disaster Overview Costs (in SBD)
Shelter 34,100,000
Date p
2 April 2007
Transport & 289,604,507
Magnitude 8.1 Richter; wave of up to 10 infrastructure
meters Education 104,229,388
Impact 52 dead
52 dead
Thousands displaced
Health 144,141,176
2777 destroyed structures
infrastructure &
1614 damaged structures
medical services
SBD $52 million ‐ cost of response
Agriculture 6,215,000
Secondary Landslides
impact
Fisheries & 8,569,460
Marine resources
Future risk 4,835,000
reduction
Total 591,694,530
Source: Loti Yates, 3 December 08, Technical Session 4 on “Resource Mobilization for Disaster Risk Reduction”
Ch
The Response
• The National Disaster Council (NDC) activated the
New Entry Officer Course (NEOC) immediately
and set the Central Control Group (CCG) to work
and set the Central Control Group (CCG) to work
• Police Resources deployed immediately
pp y
• Donor support was immediately made available
to support the Government respond
• Local communities immediately took charge of
the situation
the situation
• Red Cross and NGOs immediately got deploy their
resources
Ch
Lessons Learned
• The NEOC was able to be activated immediately with the government taking the
lead
• Local communities were able to mobilise their own resources prior to support
coming in
• Donor support was very good
• The resources held by NGOs were quickly deployed to impacted communities
• Costs associated with mobilizing transportation for relief and assessments
purposes.
• Government agencies not sure of their roles and responsibilities thus limited
effectiveness of the NEOC in coordinating government resources
• Lack of capacity and arrangements at the provincial level. Members of the
Provincial Disaster Committee were victims themselves
• It was largely left to the NDMO with limited resources to coordinate Govt.
response, interact with donors, UNDAC, NGO’s and deploy staff to the affected
provinces for assessment and relief activities
• The need to have donors understanding receiving countries needs and how they
operate –cultural sensitivity
• Non‐standardization of assessment methodologies and forms
Ch
Going forward
• There
There is a realization in government that things did not go
is a realization in government that things did not go
well and a determination amongst key officials and agencies
that that should not happen again
• There is acceptance that the institutional frameworks need
There is acceptance that the institutional frameworks need
to be strengthened with explicit arrangements and
accountabilities across agencies and levels of government
addressing risk reduction as well as disaster management
• The institutional frameworks have been reviewed and the
ND Act and National Plan are being rewritten
• Implementation of the new arrangements will require a
significant commitment over a number of years to create
capacity at the national, provincial and community level
• Engagement with government sectors, donors, NGO’s and
the private sector will be necessary to achieve the outcome
Ch
The New Solomon Islands Institutional Framework for DRM
(including Climate Change Adaptation)
sets its basis on the following principals:
gp p
DRM is everyone
DRM is everyone’ss Good governance is
Good governance is
It is the role of the business and a whole building on existing
Solomon Island DRM is supporting of country approach processes across all
Government to communities to with: levels –national,
provide for DRM understand and • All agencies, communities provincial and
through local, manage hazards and and individual taking communities with: h
provincial, sector and disasters safeguarding ownership
• Transparency,
• Everyone knowing their accountability, efficiency
national planning and lives, property and roles and responsibilities
to support community livelihood and best practise
and accountabilities
• Strong relationship and
self help
self help clear arrangements within
and across all sectors
COUNTRY PROFILE Sri Lanka
Ch
Hazards
• Floods
• Landslides
• Droughts
• Coastal Erosion
• Cyclonic Storms
• Tsunami (2004)
Shift to DRR
• Prior to Tsunami of 2004, disaster management in Sri Lanka was more
reactive than pro‐active
• Realized the urgent need for comprehensive disaster risk management in
Sri Lanka
k
Disaster Management Act No. 13 of 2005
• Provides for a legislative framework for DRM and addresses disaster
management holistically leading to a policy shift from response based to
management holistically, leading to a policy shift from response based to
proactive approach towards DRR
• The act provides for the establishment of National Council for Disaster
Management (NCDM), a high level policy making body chaired by H.E. the
President
• Disaster Management Centre (DMC) as the operational arm of the
National Council
Source: Lalith Chandrapala, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive

Ch
Towards a Safer Sri Lanka: Road Map National Disaster Management
for Disaster Risk Management Coordination Committee
• Policy, Institutional Mandates and • Representatives from Govt. agencies,
Development Donors, UN agencies, INGOs, NGOs,
• Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Media, Professional and Academic
Assessment , ,
institutions, Private sector, and CBOs
• Multi Hazard Early Warning under the leadership of Secretary,
• Preparedness and Response Planning Ministry of Disaster Management
• Mitigation and Integration of DRR into • Joint work planning to minimize
Development
l duplication of efforts
duplication of efforts
• Community‐based Disaster Risk • Regular monthly meetings
Management • Four Core groups
• Public Awareness, Education and
Public Awareness, Education and • Preparedness Planning
Training • Disaster Mitigation
• Training & Awareness
• Education

Ch

Ch
Priority Areas
Priority Areas
Develop and implement risk reduction Establish Regional and National Response
strategies Mechanisms including EWS
• Development of standards for hazard
Development of standards for hazard • A 24 x 7 Emergency Operation Centre
A 24 x 7 Emergency Operation Centre
and vulnerability assessments (risk has been established at the Disaster
profile of Sri Lanka for different hazards) Management Centre
are presently in progress by technical • An Emergency Response Committee at
institutions. This process is being
institutions. This process is being national level has been established
national level has been established
coordinated by the Disaster • Identification of national organizations
Management Centre esponsible for early warning in the case
• National and Sub‐national level Disaster of more frequent disasters already
Management Plans of Sri Lanka which
Management Plans of Sri Lanka which identified
are under preparation – right balance • Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
across preparedness, response and are being developed
recovery
• Focal institutions responsible for EW
• Disaster Mitigation programs (both hard
Disaster Mitigation programs (both hard h
have developed linkages with regional
d l d li k ith i l
and soft) ‐ with GOSL and donor funding and global centers
• National early warning systems have
been strengthened

Ch
Priority Areas
Priority Areas
Develop and implement Disaster
Strengthening of Early Warning Systems Management training, education,
research and awareness programs
research and awareness programs
• Tsunami Hazard • Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in
• three tide gauges at Colombo, Kirinda education curriculum already in
and Trincomalee
and Trincomalee progress in collaboration with GTZ & NIE
p g
• Only one seismograms (at Pallekele) • Post graduate programs have been
• Two more planned for A’pura and initiated in local universities
Hakmana in 2009 (Geofon) • Several programs are planned to
• Meteorological Hazards
Meteorological Hazards encourage research in DRR (e.g.
encourage research in DRR (e.g.
Symposium on DRR, Research Grants
• doppler weather radar will be added
etc.)
to the observation system in 2009
• A lot of awareness material on different
• a network of automatic weather
hazards has been developed. More in
hazards has been developed. More in
stations (38)
( )
progress
• a network of automatic rain gauge
stations
• improvement of GTS line speed (512k)

COUNTRY PROFILE Vietnam
Ch
Overview
Location Southeast Asia
Total area 333,000 km2
3200km coastline
Population 86.5 million (2008)
86 5 million (2008)
226/km2
Urban: 27 percent
Rural: 73 percent
Hazards Flood
Typhoons
Fire
Landslides
Drought
Annual impact 700‐800 dead or missing

from hazards 1000s injured
Over US$300 million (1‐1.5
percent of GDP)
Ch
Structure of National Response
Structure of National Response
Ch
Organization for Flood and Storm Response
Organization for Flood and Storm Response
Developed by Rakhi Bhavnani
bh
bhavnani@un.org
i@
Layout by Pixel Productions
pixelp@pixelproductions.biz

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Third Asian Ministerial Conference

2-4 December 2008 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

In developing this project, UNISDR acknowledges the support received by

Attribution of a single event

Working group I Working group II Task force on

Technical support Technical support Technical support Technical support

Establishment of risk Linking land development

climate change scenario through levees

Establishing “nature- Setting design codes for

initiatives • Changing the design code that is

disaster damage survey system and needs

Strengthening emergency rescue

The purpose of FONDEN

Change from a reactive system to a preventive system

Member Lead institution City Activities

Overview Potential Application Potential Users

• Guidance on Shared • Serve as Benchmarks for • Individuals, groups,

Level 1: Ethical, Level 2: Level 4:

Process 4: Process 5: Process 6:

Outcome 7: Outcome 8: Outcome 9: Active

Towards some conclusions

Philippines hazard identification and assessment community‐based

• MRCS: Largest NGO and • Town Association: Bogale, • Buddhist: Sitagu, Ahsin

Disaster Risk Management National Le el

Participants Development Evaluation Expected outcomes

• From 6 State & • Jointly designed and • Intense engagement • 150 Local Trainers

• National: • Local organizations • Between

Challenges The Way Forward (at PMI level) The Way Forward (at LGU)

• Many actors has caused • Addressing the risk in broader • Mainstreaming DRR into

Acceptance Participation Resources

Centralization of authority Turnover of Personnel Socio-economic

• Regional Steering Committee • Tsunami watch • Capital cost for tsunami information

• Member countries collectively • The Working Group, through • Economy of scale and scope,

Global trends Telecom Malaysia MERS999 Benefits of MERS999

The media and tsunami warnings

What media can do

• KBS is now doing indoor • The model for EWBS • The standard for CMMB • The work on attributing

Classification Broadcasting Zone Broadcasting media

Warning of large‐scale earthquake Nationwide All 8 NHK channels (TV & radio)

Broadcasting request about Be prefecture or region General TV, Radio‐1, FM

Track record Prevalence of Test Broadcasting

OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools

24 hours duty ReliefWeb, IRIN & Emergency Cash

Lao Bhutan Philippines

Policy studies conducted by ESCAP

Policy studies conducted by ESCAP

Social/political issues Health issues Economic issues

• Safe hospitals have • Disasters create an • Hospitals represent an

Policies Policies (organizational) Plans

Safe Hospitals Program Partnership building Practices Peso and logistics

• Launching of the program • Organization of the • 10 P’s as evaluation tools • Actively involved in

Policy Program Implementation

Activity Plan Policy

Entry Points Thematic focus Tools

• Climate change • Mountain • Education

2006 2007 2008

• Development of • Criteria • Development of

In Asia & Pacific

3. Regional Meetings ‐ More high 4. Regional Partnerships and

• Sectoral Approach ‐ DRR being • Education Sector: Department of

National Coordination Activities in Central Asia

Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive

Source: Dhar Chakrabarti, 1 December 08, Pre‐Conference Event on “Operationalising SAARC Comprehensive

Apply the ICT for disaster management