Timber Design according to EC5

Timber Design according to EC5 EN 1995-1-1:2004

Summary of the AxisVM implementation sturctural timber materials, partial factors load duration classes, service classes material properties for global analysis cross-sections, design elements design strength of timber materials (modification factors) checks of timber elements design in seismic enviroment

Timber Design according to EC5

Sturctural timber materials EN 338, EN 1194 Solid timber /softwood(C), hardwood(D)/ Glued-laminated timber (Glulam) Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
Characteristic strength Bending strength Tensile strength parallel to grain Tensile strength perpendicular to grain Compression strength parallel to grain Compression strength perependicular to grain Shear strength perpendicular to the grain in y direction Shear strength perpendicular to the grain in z direction Notation fm,k ft,0,k ft,90,k fc,0,k fc,90,k fv,k,y fv,k,z Density Characteristic value of density Mean value of density Modulus of elasticity Mean value parallel to grain Mean value perpendicular to grain 5% value of modulus parallel to grain Mean value of shear modulus Notation E0,mean E90,mean E0,05 Gmean Notation k mean

Timber Design according to EC5

Partial factor (M)
Timber type Solid timber Glued laminated timber (Glulam) Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) Fundamental combination 1,30 1,25 1,20 Accidental combination 1,0 1,0 1,0

Timber Design according to EC5

Load duration classes and service classes
Load duration class Order of accumulated duration of characteristic load more than 10 years 6 months 10 years 1 week 6 months less than one week Examples of loading

Permanent Long-term Medium-term Short-term Instantaneous

self-weight storage imposed floor load, snow snow, wind wind, accidental load

Service class 1 2 3

Environmental condition the relative humidity in the surrounding air only exceeding 65% for a few weeks per year* the relative humidity in the surrounding air only exceeding 85% for a few weeks per year* The climatic condition leading to higher moisture contents than Service Class 2

(*) the moisture content in the materials corresponding to a temperature of 20 Co

Timber Design according to EC5

Material properties for global analysis
Analysis type Modulus SLS
Emean , fin = Gmean, fin = Emean (1 + k def ) Gmean (1 + k def )

Modulus ULS
Emean, fin = Gmean, fin = Emean (*) (1 + 2 k def ) Gmean (*) (1 + 2 k def )

First-order linear elastic analysis

Second-order linear elastic analysis

Ed = Gd =

Emean

Ed = Gd =
Emean

Emean

Gmean

Gmean

Vibration analysis (*) conservative way 2 = 1,0 is used Material type Service class 1 Solid timber Glued laminated timber (Glulam) Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) 0,60 0,60 0,60

Emean

Gmean

Gmean

kdef Service class 2 0,80 0,80 0,80 Service class 3 2,0 2,0 2,0

Timber Design according to EC5

Cross-sections, design elements
Design assumptions: the grain parallel with the member x axis there is no hole or other weaking in the members the dominant bending plane is the x-z plane of the member (moment about y axis) Iy >= Iz in case of Glued-laminated timber (Glulam) the laminates are parallel with the y axis in case of Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) the laminates are parallel with the z axis

Timber Design according to EC5

Cross-sections, design elements
Solid timber (softwood, hardwood) Glued-laminated timber (Glulam) Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Timber Design according to EC5

Design strength of timber materials

Strength modification factors kmod factor depending on the duration of load and the moisture content kh factor depending on the cross-section size and the reference depth size kl factor depending on the member length and the reference length kvol factor depending on the apex zone volume and the reference volume

Timber Design according to EC5

Design strength of timber materials kmod modification factor
Material type Service class Permanent Solid timber 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 0,60 0,60 0,50 0,60 0,60 0,50 0,60 0,60 0,50 Long term 0,70 0,70 0,55 0,70 0,70 0,55 0,70 0,70 0,55

kmod
Medium term 0,80 0,80 0,65 0,80 0,80 0,65 0,80 0,80 0,65 Short term 0,90 0,90 0,70 0,90 0,90 0,70 0,90 0,90 0,70 Instant. 1,10 1,10 0,90 1,10 1,10 0,90 1,10 1,10 0,90

Glued laminated timber (Glulam) Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Timber Design according to EC5

Design strength of timber materials kh modification factor
Material type

kh

Solid timber (if h < 150 mm)

0, 2 150 k h = min or 1,3 h

Glued laminated timber (Glulam) (if h < 600 mm) Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

0 ,1 600 k h = min or 1,1 h

S 300 k h = min or 1, 2 h

Timber Design according to EC5

Design strength of timber materials kl modification factor
Material type

kl
S /2 3000 k l = min or 1,1 l

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Timber Design according to EC5

Design strength of timber materials kvol modification factor
Material type Solid timber Glued laminated timber (Glulam) Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

kvol
1,0 where,

k vol

V = 0 V

0,2

V0 is the reference volume (0,01 m3) V is the stressed volume of the apex zone, and V < 0,67Vb (total volume of the beam)

Timber Design according to EC5

Design strength of timber materials Design strength calculation
Material type

fm,k

ft,0,k

ft,90,k , fc,0,k fc,90,k , fv,k

Solid timber

f t ,0,d =
Glued laminated timber (Glulam)

k mod k h f t , 0 , k

f m ,d =

k mod k h f m , k

M
fd =

k mod f k

M
f t ,0,d = k mod k l f t , 0 , k

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Timber Design according to EC5

Checks of timber elements (interaction formulas for different design situation) Normal force, Moments (stress check parallel to the grain) Compression force, Moments (in plane buckling check) Moment (y), Normal force (lateral torsional buckling check) Shear (y), Torsion (shear check) Shear (z), Torsion (shear check) Moment (y), (tension stress perpendicular to the grain check)

Timber Design according to EC5

Checks of timber elements (interaction formulas for different design situation) Normal force, Moments (stress check)
Tension and moment Compression and moment

t,0,d m,y,d
ft,0,d + fm,y,d

+km

m,z,d
fm,z,d

c,0,d m,y,d m,z,d + f f +km f 1 m,z,d c,0,d m,y,d c,0,d +km m,y,d + m,z,d 1 f fm,y,d fm,z,d c,0,d
2

t,0,d
ft,0,d

+km

m,y,d m,z,d
fm,y,d + fm,z,d

where, km = 0,7 for rectangular sections km = 1,0 for other cross-sections

Timber Design according to EC5

Checks of timber elements (interaction formulas for different design situation) Compression force, Moments (in plane buckling check)
Compression and moment

c,0,d
kc, y fc,0,d

m, y,d
fm, y,d

+ km +

m, z,d
fm, z,d

c,0,d
kc, z fc,0,d
where,

+ km

m, y,d m, z,d
fm, y,d fm, z,d

km = 0,7 for rectangular sections km = 1,0 for other cross-sections kc,y = buckling reduction factor kc,z = buckling reduction factor

Timber Design according to EC5

Checks of timber elements (interaction formulas for different design situation) Moment (y), Normal force (lateral torsional buckling check)
Moment and compression Moment and small tension

m,d c,d + k f k f 1 c, z c,0,d crit m,d

where, kc,z is the buckling reduction factor kcrit is the lateral torsional buckling reduction factor: where,

mc,d
kcrit fm,d

mc,d =

Md Nd + <0 Wy A

rel,m 0,75
0,75 < rel,m 1,4

kcrit = 1,0 kcrit = 1,56-0,75 rel,m kcrit = 1/ l2rel,m

rel,m 0,75

Timber Design according to EC5

Checks of timber elements (interaction formulas for different design situation) Shear (y), Torsion (shear check) SIA 265:2003
Shear(y) and Torsion

tor , d
k shape f v , d

v, y,d + f v,d

where, kshape is the cross-section shape factor: kshape = 1,2 for circular cross-section

kshape = min{ 1 + 0,15h / b; 2,0} for rectangular cross-sections

Timber Design according to EC5

Checks of timber elements (interaction formulas for different design situation) Shear (z), Torsion (shear check) SIA 265:2003
Shear(y) and Torsion

tor ,d
k shape f v ,d

v , z ,d + f v ,d

where, kshape is the cross-section shape factor: kshape = 1,2 for circular cross-section

kshape = min{ 1 + 0,15h / b; 2,0} for rectangular cross-sections

Timber Design according to EC5

Checks of timber elements (interaction formulas for different design situation) Moment (y), (tension stress perpendicular to the grain check)
Moment(y)

t ,90,d
k dis kvol f t ,90,d

where, kdis is the stress distribution factor in apex zone factor (kdis =1,4) kvol is the volume modifiction factor in the apex zone

Timber Design according to EC5

Timber structure design in seismic enviroment (Response-spectrum analysis)
Ductility class Low (DCL) Criteria q =< 1,5

M
Solid timber: M = 1,30 Glulam: LVL:

M = 1,25 M = 1,20 M = 1,0 M = 1,0

Medium (DCM) High (DCH)

1,5 < q =< 2,5 2,5 < q

- The dissapitive zones have to be concentrated into the joints - The timber elements works in elastic assuption