23 2554

1.8.2.
300 15,000


()
(.)

(Steering Committee) 3

2555

10 ()

300 2 1 ..
2555 1 .. 2556 80
.. 2558
(1) () 300

(2) 3.2 30
810 0.6 (3)

(1)
(2)
(3) 1 (4)
(5)
1,000 (6)
(Informal
Sector) (7)
( 8-10) 1.7

1. 2 300
..2558
()
2. 300 18
.. 2556 52 .. 2557
()

 300
15,000

3. 300
70 .. 2558
( 300 ) 300
()
4.

5. .. 2555 10
.. 2558
.. 2556 300 70 (
) 1

6.

()



/

.. 25552556
15,000

15,000

.. 2556
.. 2557

1)
7,791
100-2,700 100-3,320 .. 2556
2)
24,000 3.5 10
3) . 24 .. 2555
25 .. 2556
4) .
.

5) .
( ) .
( 100,000- 150,000 )

1) (top up)
.

.
2)
(performance-based payment)
3) 10,000

()
300,000 5

Abstract
A Study on Impacts of Implementing Minimum 300 Baht Income per Day on Structure of
Thai Economy
Facts: the study found that the minimum wage has raised incongruently as far as the cost
of living together with labor productivity is concerned for a past decade. As a consequent, this
causes an economic status of all the labor forces to go down, risking them to the poverty and
debts. Take improper condition in the past 10 years; it is unable to keep up with the rising cost
of living. Furthermore, it is inconsistent with the increasing of labor productivity.
The implementing implementation on the policy of 300-baht daily minimum wage
increase took effect across Thailand on Minimum 300 Baht Income per Day policy, in
which was implemented on 1st April 2012 and the other round will be implemented on 1st
January 2013; is an 80-percentage point increase of the current minimum wage. This policy will
be continued untilminimum 300 Baht income per day will be implemented until the end of
2015. The implementing the policy concerning the minimum 300 Baht income per day has an
impact in a wide range of Thai society. The Pros and Cons of this policy are as follows: can be
concluded as following;
Positive Pros (1) this policy does help all the labors nationwide to earn more income by
getting minimum wages up to 300 Baht a day. On one hand, higher income assists the labors to
improve their living status to be able to spend more money to stipulate the market. On the other
hand, the Revenue Department can collect more tax which, in turn, driving a country to have a
good economic.
The labors in Thailand labor market have higher income from the
implementing of Minimum 300 Baht Income per Day policy. This policy helps improving the
economic status of these labors. There is the higher cash-inflow in the market and the
government is able to more tax revenue. Consequently, it leads to the better nationals economic
status; (2) Approximately 3.2 million labors get the benefit of this policy, accounting for the
beneficiaries from this policy are approximately 3.2 million persons or it accounts for 30 per cent
of employees in private sector. The study points out that 8 10 percentage of labor productivity
and the capability in manufacturing helps the expansion of Thailands economy around 0.6 per
cent; (3) the new minimum 300 Baht income per day helps to reduce social reconciliation,
especially low-income group and the labor from less bargaining power group.
Negative Cons (1) the minimum 300 Baht income per day will increase the cost of
production, particularly those labor-intensive industries, e.g. textiles, garment, sale and
wholesale, rubber and plastic, and etc.; (2) the entrepreneurs need to take higher responsibility to
the additional over-time payment and provident fund of their employees; (3) the minimum 300
Baht income per day might cause a 1 percent increase in inflation rate in regards to a normal
situation. The study found that this policy led to a 1 percentage point increase in the inflation
rate; (4) this policy might reduce capability of Thailand to compete with other countries the
others because of the higher production cost; (5) the manufacturers are responsible for a daily
increase in the production cost, around 1,000 million baht per day the employers have to

responsibility for the increase of cost of productions, which is around 1,000 million Baht per
day; (6) there is the decrease of employment in SMEs sector and there is the increase of informal
sector. The disguised unemployment will increase continually; (7) the Gross Product might
reduce more than 1.7 per cent if the entrepreneurs are unable to increase the labor productivity
and the capability in manufacturing.
Recommendations
1. The increase of minimum wage income per day twice until it is 300 baht in every
province and the policy not to increase this minimum wage income per day until 2015
may cause a reduction on the purchasing power of the labors to the reducing of
buying capability of labor. Thus, the government should at least adjust the cost of
living in the year that there will not be the increase of minimum wage in every
province.
2. The government should reduce the burden of the entrepreneurs by initiate this policy
in 18 provinces within 2013 and the other 52 province within 2014. Additionally, the
government should at least adjust the cost of living in the year that there will not be
the increase of minimum wage in every province. Or
3. The government should eases relieve the burden of the entrepreneur by slowing down
the increase of minimum 300 Baht income per day in 70 provinces until 2015. The
provinces, which do not receive this rate in the first round, will receive the living cost
until 2015.
4. The government realizes on the impacts that might affect have impact towards the
SMEs. Thus the government has support the financial policy and the tax revenue. The
government is required to increase the monitoring and evaluation of this project to
ensure that this can help all people.
5. The Ministry of Labor has the policies to reduce the impact that might happen to the
employers and employees. In 2012, there are 10 policies and these should be
implemented until 2015. Additionally, these are also importance for 2013 when the
government implements this policy in 70 provinces. The implementation of these
policies will have high impact. The government needs the monitoring and evaluation
towards the implementation.
6. The policies concerning to the consumption prices are necessary. The government
should monitor the entrepreneurs, who may leave push the burden to the consumer.
This is easier than increase labor productivity and the capability in producing.
Briefly, the implementing of Minimum 300 Baht Income per Day creates many changes,
especially the wages. This policy may suitable for the current situation, which Thailands labor
market is now facing the shortage of labor (labor-intensive sector). The high minimum wage
forces the entrepreneurs, especially SMEs to improve their capability and labor productivity.
Some entrepreneurs reduce and slow down the employment. Additionally, they increase the
dependency on technology. The Ministry of Labor and stakeholders need to work in corporation
with the entrepreneurs, who need to improve their capability or lacking of labor. Furthermore,
they needs to develop skill and increase capability in consistent with the demand of labor market
and reduce the unemployment rate. The Ministry of Labor needs to help fulfill out the
unemployed labor during the period between 2012 2013.
A Study on Impacts of Implementing Minimum 15,000 Salary per Month Policies on Structure
of Thai Economy

Facts: This policy aims at increase the salary of the new government officials. The
principles of this policy are reducing the difference of the salary and creating the justice for
government officials, who receive the salary less than 15,000 Baht. This policy will guarantee
that the compensation for the government officials, who receive the salary less than 15,000 Baht,
will not be less than new government officials and the government officials who receive less
than salary. At first, this policy will be initiated in 2013; however it is postponed to January
2014.
Impacts
1. The budget of the government will be increase from this policy. The increase of the
budget is about 7,791 million baht. In the first year, the salary of the government will
increase around 100 2,700 Baht per month and will increase up to 100 3,320 Baht
per month in 2013.
2. The government needs to prepare for the retirement pension fund. Nowadays, it is
about 24,000 Baht per Month. Within 10 years, it is estimated that there will be the
retirement around 3.5 thousand persons.
3. The contribution of the government to the Government Pension Fund will be increase
to 24 percent in 2012 and 25 percent in 2013.
4. This policy helps reduce the gap of income between government officials and
employees in private sector. Nowadays, the income of the government officials, who
graduated Bachelor Degree, is less than employees in private sector. Thus, it rarely
finds out the people who graduate higher than Bachelor degree in government sector.
5. This policy might cause to the shortage of labor in semi-skilled because this can
motivate people to gain higher degree. In contrary, Thailand will face with the
unemployment of labors, who graduated bachelor degree, which has around 100,000
150,000 persons nowadays.
Recommendations
1.

2.

The government should focus on competency based of each government by paying

the top up rather than increase the salary because it has an impact to all level of
government officials. Additionally, it will be the long-terms government budget. This
policy is improper nowadays because Thailand is now facing the high unemployment
for the labor who graduated bachelor degree.
The increase of compensation of the government should be tighten with the
performance-based payment.

The government should motivate private sector to employ labor from vocational education at
10,000 baht per month because Thailands labor market needs semi-skilled (including secondary
education) at least 300,000 persons in the next 5 years.

1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

1-1
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-3
1-3

300 15,000
2.1
2-1
2.2
2-4
2.3 300
2-10
2.4 15,000
2-28

2-1
3

300
15,000
3.1
3-1
3.2
3-1
3.3
3-2
3.4
3-6
3.5 (Conjecture)
3-14
3.6
3-15

4.1
4.2
4.3

4-1

4-2
4-11
4-16

15,000
5.1
5.2
5.3 15,000

5-1 15,000

6.1 300
6.2 15,000
6.3 300
6-1 300
6-2 1
6-3 2
6-4 3

5-2
5-7
5-9

ii

6-1
6-6
6-8


2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

Mean Median

.. 2534-2553

300

1 .. 2555
300 / :

300
(
) .. 2556 300

15,000

.. 2553

.. 2553

:
.. 2554 .. 2556
.. 2554
.. 2554
.. 2554
50-60
.. 2554

2-4
2-5
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-12
2-13
2-22
2-23
2-23
2-30
2-33
2-34
2-35
3-8
3-9
3-9
3-10
4-3
4-5
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-9
5-10
5-10
5-11
5-11
5-12

iii

 5.10
6.1
6.2

iv

.
2 2

300 .. 2558

5-12
6-10
6-11


2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
4.1
4.2
4.3

Mean Median

300

(Real Minimum Wage)
GDP

()
30

: Vulnerable Sectors
: Secured Sectors
: Vulnerable Sectors
: Secured Sectors

.. 2529-2553
.. 2530-2553
Kernel Density Distribution Log Log
.. 2539
4.4 Kernel Density Distribution Log Log
.. 2553
4.5 .. 2529-2553
4.6 ( .. 2552) ..
2528-2553
4.7 .. 2529-2553
4.8 .. 2529-2553
4.9 Quantile
() OLS
4.10 Quantile
() Instrumental
Variable

2-5
2-8
2-10
2-19
2-20
2-21
2-31
3-2
3-3
3-3
3-4
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-12
3-13
3-13
3-14
4-2
4-4
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-9
4-10
4-10
4-16
4-16

 4.11 Quantile
() OLS
4.12 Quantile
() Instrumental
Variable (Preferred Specification)
4.13
()
5.1
5.2

5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6

5.7

vi

4-17
4-17
4-18
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-5

..
1.1

23 .. 2554

1.8.2. 300
15,000

1

(Domestic Consumption Expenditure)

300
( ) 1.8.2
300

15,000 2
/

23 .. 2554 8

 300
15,000

(.)

.

1.2
1.2.1
300
1.2.2
15,000
1.2.3

1.3
1.3.1 300
15,000

1.3.2
( )

1.3.3

1.4
3

10-12

1.4.1 300
40-80

1.4.2 15,000

1-2

1.5
3

300

15,000

300 /

15,000

3
1.5.1


1.5.2

1.5.3 1.5.1 1.5.2
300 1
1.5.4 1.5.1 1.5.2
15,000 2
1.5.5 1.5.1 1.5.4
2
1.5.6
2
1.5.7 1
1.6
1.6.1 300
300
300

1-3

 300
15,000

300 2

1.6.2 15,000

Lifetime Income

1-4

 2
300
15,000
..





300 175.8
(Big Push)


300 15,000



2.1
.. 2541 5

(International Labour Organization ILO)

(Poverty Safety Net)

(Fair Wage) ( ,
2554)

 300
15,000

(Minimum Wage)

( , 2554)
103 (
) 16
.. 2515 2 (4) (
)

14 .. 2516

( , 2554 23)
16 .. 2516
17 .. 2516
2516 12
312 4


100,000

13 .. 2517 6
1 .. 2520

.. 2517-2526
1 ()
1 1 ()
1 1

2540


(IMF) 14 .. 2540
2-2

 2 300
15,000

"

"
(Asian Development
Bank: ADB) .. 2541
3 ( .. 2541-31
2543)
( , 2554)
.. 2541
.. 2541 103

6 .. 2541
3
( 3) .. 2551
2.1 .. 2541 87
87 .. 2541
87

.. 2544


( , 2554)
3 1
5 2
3 63 32
221
215
159 ( , 2554 14)

2-3

 300
15,000

2.2
2.2.1

(Minimum Wage)
.. 2544 / 4.9
43.1 10
4.3 12.5



( 2.1)
2.1

Mean Median

(Median)

(Min wage) (Mean)

2544 4,980,776
6,574,351
43.1
136.7
253.1
150.0
2545 4,896,783
6,710,452
42.2
137.0
220.3
153.9
2546 5,004,736
7,305,454
40.7
138.3
230.1
153.9
2547 5,448,484
7,745,134
41.3
139.7
236.2
153.9
2548 5,316,229
8,348,276
38.9
145.6
258.7
164.6
2549 4,569,956
8,906,565
33.9
149.4
261.4
178.9
2550 5,038,712
8,514,696
37.2
154.0
277.6
191.0
2551 4,763,745
9,061,832
34.5
159.0
269.7
192.3
2552 4,788,132
9,026,892
34.7
162.1
268.4
192.3
2553 4,430,330
9,613,376
31.5
165.3
270.6
202.9
2554 4,301,078
9,641,474
30.8
175.8
291.7
220.0
: 1, (2554)

Min wage
Mean
54.0
62.2
60.1
59.1
56.3
57.1
55.5
58.9
60.4
61.1
60.3

Min wage
Median
91.2
89.0
89.9
90.8
88.4
83.5
80.6
82.7
84.3
81.5
79.9

9.6
199,126 13.8
50.3 23.1 75.3 28.2
72.5 11.6 58.8

( 2.2)
2-4

 2 300
15,000

2.2

()

6
20
17
19
14
76

9.6-36.9
13.8-50.3
23.1-75.3
28.3-72.5
11.6-58.8
-

6
20
10
14
14
64

6
19
4
11
14
54

: 1 (Mean) 2 (Median)
: 2-1

() 2544
55 60 .. 2554

(Median) 2 .. 2544 91
79.9 .. 2554
( 2.1 2.1)
2.1 Mean Median
100

80
60
40
20

Mean

Median

0
2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2554
: 2-1

()

2-5

 300
15,000

4 10
6 ( 4.98 4.30 )


(Fair Wage) 300

(2554)

1.



421

2.
( 2) .. 2551
1


(International Labour Organization: ILO)

3.
( )

(Aging Society)
12 20
25

2-6

 2 300
15,000

1 8-9
1.




2.
CPI


(Lagging Indicator)
(Leading Indicator)

2.2.2
(Fair Wage)
(Consumer Price Index: CPI)
2.3
10
.. 25442554 CPI
CPI
2.3 .. 2534-2553

(% ) ( 2544-2554)
2.46
2.31
3.06
3.33
3.03
2.84

CPI ()
2540-2553
2544-2553
3.73
3.73
3.48
3.19
3.69
3.50
3.70
3.42
2.95
2.66
3.25
3.01

2.3
3 (1) (2)
(3) 3
2.2 .. 25492553

5

2-7

 300
15,000

2.2

: (), , FAQ Issue 38 30 2554;

2.4 10
1 32 276


1
2.4

1 .. 2545
2 .. 2546
1 .. 2547
1 .. 2548
1 .. 2548
1 .. 2549
1 .. 2550
1 .. 2551
1 .. 2551
1 .. 2553
1 .. 2553
1 .. 2554
(-)

()
0
1
8
0
1
1
0
10
0
11
0
0
32

69
44
28
0
0
40
0
19
0
3
73
0
276

:
1

2-8

 2 300
15,000

1.1 2.5
283 302
18

18 ( 6 )
21
643 /

2.5

()

1.
1.1)
1.2) 1.1+
1.3) 1.2+
2.
2.1)
2.2)
3.
3.1) (1.12.1)
3.2) (1.22.2)
3.3)

()
8,495
9,586
11,713

283
320
390

9,048
11,070

302
369

-553
+538
+643

-18
+18
+21

: (1)
(2) 1,139,218
: , (2554)

2.2.3

Real GDP 10
10 20
70 2.3
10

2-9

 300
15,000

2.3
( : .. 2544)
180.00
160.00
140.00
120.00
100.00
80.00
2544

2545

2546

2547

2548

15-24

2549

2550

Real GDP

2551

2552

2553

Norminal GDP

: 15-24 3
26
: 3, (2554)

2.3 300

23 .. 2554

1.8.2. 300
15,000

2

(Domestic Consumption Expenditure)

17 .. 2554
300
5 .. 2554 2

23 2554 8

2-10

 2 300
15,000

1. 300 2 40 7 1
.. 2555 300 1 ..
2556
2. 300 4
17 .. 2554

16 .. 2554
6

40
7 300
215
221
1 .. 2555
70 300 300 ..
2556 300 .. 2558

22 .. 2554

.. 2555

63-85 1 .. 2555

3-6 1 .. 2555

1. 79 221 300
35.7
2.
85 215 300 39.7
3. 70 39.5
2554

2-11

 300
15,000

4. 70 3 300
1 .. 2556
300
5. .. 2557 .. 2558 300

.. 2557 .. 25583

2.6

23 .. 54
22 .. 54

24 .. 55

300

300 15,000

1
.. 2555
3-6
1 .. 2555
300 1 2555 (7
) 2556

2.3.1 300




(Multiply Inflation) (,
2554)
(Foreign Direct Investment: FDI)

2-2 1 .. 2555

2-12

 2 300
15,000

1. 4
(.)
300 5 1.712.33
1.21-1.41
6.0-9.5 6.6-9.0

(Labour Intensive)
2,1252,936 21.71-29.99 2
465851
7.8214.32 8361,308
7.0110.98 1,8753,286
5.299.28
5881,203 3.316.78
2.7
1 .. 2555

2,125,419,057 2,936,879,887
1,875,061,784 3,286,858,487
836,049,305 1,308,836,328
588,050,536 1,203,062,573

21.71
29.99
5.29
9.28
7.01
10.98
3.31
6.78

1,210,363 1,412,381

1,707,836 2,326,301

663,514
904,582

602,597
953,604

72,910
98,899
112,776,671
183,461,918
3.39
5.51

387,980
514,473
465,392,088
851,719,270
7.82
14.32

18,563
28,533
15,457,455
41,463,214
1.66
4.45

5,174,055 6,961,187 6,752,954,330 11,079,021,305

6.19
10.15
: .

11.05-18.13 10.7-17.76
8.8715.41
9.7114.91 (Labor Intensive Industry)

3.147.67
2.094.26
4

300 15,000 3
5
: http://social.nesdb.go.th/

2-13

 300
15,000

.. 2554 6
3.2 29.3
257
. ( 800,000 )





. .


23

(1)

30-40 (2)

300
Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE)7
GEM55
(Real GDP)
1.7 1


(Big Push)

1.
2.

3.

: 26 2555,
(Thai Labour Market, Wages. And Implications on Macroeconomic
Policies: (2555)
6

2-14

 2 300
15,000

4.
5.

6.

(2554)8
300


300
15,000
4

GDP 6-6.5


1.1)
219,000 6.57
62-65 GDP 5.5
15



3-4
200

( , 2554)

28 ( 31.52
26.10)
1.2)
300
( 2 )
8.5 (Cost push Inflation Effect)
8

: www.fti.or.th

2-15

 300
15,000

10


(Inflation Multiplier)

FTA
1.3)


300



300

1.4)

(FDI) () 5-7
0.7-0.8


( 2.3 )
(Japanese Chamber of Commerce: JCC)

(Creative Economy) 3-4

(Productive Industry)
1.5)

300 260
50-60 5.2
60-70 4.3 70
3.7
(
1.0 ) 3.8
8.9


2-16

 2 300
15,000

2.

4.0
37.52 26.5
(...) .. 2554
300 16.9 68.5
9.0 5.60
.. 2554 ...

513 40 5

1. 10-20
300
19.70 20.54
27.33
2.
31.68 18.81 18.64
15.66 11.76 ()
3. (/)
90.29 2.91
94.06 3.24
92.54 6.21
90-94
4. (/)
98 96 95 90
89
90-98
90-92 ( )
3-6
70
...

200 211
205 246
157

2-17

 300
15,000

49.7 167
250 26.34 186 235
25 161 201
19 166
147
... ( )
... () 12 .. 2554



()
300

1) (
)
2) 300

3) 300

4)

5)

6) 300
4 300

7) 6.3
ILO

2-18

 2 300
15,000

8)


9
.
300 1
0.16 ( 6.4)
1.03
215 300 85 ( 2,200 /)
39.5 2.4
2.4

0.4 %

SME
99.6%

,
983,610

,
1,383,391
,
545,098

10.5
77.8

SMEs I/O Table

SMEs 16.2

25
100,000 3.3
300 6.4
2.5


9

300 /, (.), 2555

2-19

 300
15,000

2.5 300
:

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

10
300 ()
90
300

800
300 5 10
( 1-2 2 )
1 .. 2555 GDP 0.2-0.3 1.11.3 140,000
10

, . 20 2554 300

2-20

 2 300
15,000

2
78.4 97.1

300 3
( 2.6)
IMD World
Economic Forum (WEF)
2.6
:

61.7

9.7

9.6

8.4

5.0

3.0

2.5

2.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

: 28 2554

: , http://bit.ly/HSekV6 www.nwpc.dole.go.ph

3

1
2

2-21

 300
15,000

3.
300 11
300
300
3 300
1.58
( 2-3)

/
1

200 ( 30 ) 150
100
40
300 7 (/)
2.8

300 / :

(/)
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()

256.2
79,934

300
(2556)
311.4
386.89
97,157
120,710

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2555
2556
55.2
75.5
17,223 23,553

: 2-3

300
256.2 40 1 .. 2555
( .. 2555) 311 55.2 /
17,223
1 300
386.89 / 75.5
( .. 2555) 23,553 12
300 /
40,776 (17,223+23,553)
( .. 2554)
11
12

2-22

 2 300
15,000

300
2 (1) 40 7 2555 (1 ) (2) 300
1 .. 2556
2.9
2.9

300

2555
()
1. 7 1
2555 ()
2. 300
1 2556 ()
()
()

()
()

()

8.65

1,665.70

2,169.16

503.46

8.65
-

2,169.50
-

2,596.14
-

426.97
930.43
290,160

: (.)
: .2-4

300
.. 2555 503.4 .. 2556 426.9
.. 2556 300
930.4 ( 2.10)
2.10 (
) 2556 300

()
2555
2558

503.46
426.97
930.43
55.2
75.5
130.70
558.66
502.47
1,061.13

: .2-4

4.
()
300 13 2-4 ..
2554 1,278
300

13

300 5 .. 2554

2-23

 300
15,000

300
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

300

14 300




3
435 5 546
1 2
3
15 .. 2555
52 36
37
35 8
20
51 37
8 7 4

14
15

27 .. 2555
26 .. 2555

2-24

 2 300
15,000

2.3.2 /
24 .. 2555
16 2 1)
2)
7,325
1. 5
1.1) (Productivity Improvement Loan)
(.) 2
2
2 . 1,805
7
5 2 2
MLR-3 3 MLR 5


2
1.2) Portfolio Guarantee Scheme 4
(.) 2.4 .
18
5 2,220
1.3) Portfolio Guarantee Scheme
. 2 1
. 4.8
7 3,300
1.4)
0.1 42,000 4
570
1.5)

10,000
4

2.8 8.6
16

25 2555

2-25

 300
15,000

2.
2.1)
5
30

2.2)
..
2555
100
2.3) 1.5
300 1.5
300 1 .. 2555
2
1)
5 30
200,000 2) 40 (5) (6) (7) (8)
500,000

17
300
1. .. 2555 2
1.1) 1 -30 .. 2555 (6 )
5 2 3
1.2) 1 -31 .. 2555 (6 )
5 1 4
2.
Refinance
10,000
() () ()

17

http://www.thaichamber.org

2-26

 2 300
15,000

3.



232,700
3.1) 22,700


9 9


1 ( 6 )


3.2) 300 135,500
()

9 9
()


3.3) 75,000 OTOP
/ ()

9 9
e-commerce ()
(/)
4.


45
110
300
(Matching)

2-27

 300
15,000

5.




/ IT
6. 300


300

7.
0.1 42,000 4

30 23 .. 2555 20
.. 2556 1 .. 2555 ( 11
.. 2554)
()
1.
2. PGS 4
3. GPS New/Start-up
4. 1.5
2.4 15,000

23 .. 2554
15,000
(..) (.) ..

20 .. 255418

(...) .. ...
( )
18

(..)

2-28

 2 300
15,000

15,000 ()
9,000 ( )
..


.. 2555
..


1.

2.

()
()

3.

( 15,000 . 9,000 ) 2
1 .. 2556
4.
4.1)
- 2 1 ..
2555 1 .. 2556
- 2

10

4.2)




.. 2555

2-29

 300
15,000

5.
1 1 .. 2555 2 1 .. 2556

..
..
..
1.1 .. 2555 4,000
15,000 .. 2556 1.7
2
1-10
.. 2556
10
(, 24 2555)
10 ..
4 15,000
9,600 10,300 2 12,000 3 13,500
4 15,000 10
(, 24 2555)
31 .. 2555 ..
15,000
.. 4 2

2.11

.
.

1 2554
( /)
6,410/6,800
7,670/8,140
9,140/9,690
12,600/13,360
17,010/18,040

1 2555
(/)
7,620/8,080
9,300/9,860
11,680/12,390
15,300/16,220
19,000/20,140

1 2555
( /)
9,000/9,900
10,500/11,550
15,000/16,500
17,500/19,250
21,000/23,100

: 1 2555 15,000
(...) 15,000
12,285 ... 1,500 12,285 1,500 9,000
9,000
.. 2548
: (2554) (2555)

2-30

 2 300
15,000

1 .. 7,620 8,080 2
9,000 9,900 . 1
9,300 9,860 2 10,500 11,550
1 11,680 12,390 2
15,000 16,500
1 15,300 16,220 2 17,500
19,250
9,140
2 64
45 12,000 24
17,000 2

1 2

10


(, 31 2555)
2.7
. 24%
. 45%
. 64%

: (2555)

(...) 15,000
000
9,000

..
2548
(, 25 2555)

 300
15,000

10 .. 2555
(..) .

. 31 .. 2555
1 1 .. 2555

15,000
.
1.8
..

..
.. 20
.. 2555
2
2 ( 1 .. 2557) 15,000 1 ( 1
.. 2556) 13,300 . 2 11,500 1 10,200
( . ) . 2 9,400
1 8,300 ( . .)

1 .. 2556 . 8,300 .
10,200 13,300 16,400 20,000 1
.. 2557 . 9,400 . 11,500 15,000 17,500
21,000 2
1 2

10 ( 1 10 )

.
2556-2557

1 ( 1 .. 2556) 5,010
2 ( 1 .. 2557) 7,135
(.) .



2-32

 2 300
15,000

20 30

137,129
.. 2556-2557 6,634

2.12 15,000

23 .. 54
20 .. 54

31 .. 55
10 .. 55

300 15,000

(...) .. ...
( )
.. 1

..
15,000
.. 4 2

1 2557

:
15,000 9,000

2.4.1 15,000 19


(..)
15,000
. 20 .. 2554 ..

1.


1.1)
() ( 6-10 )

19

15,000

2-33

 300
15,000

1.2)

1.3)

1.4) . .
. .

1.5)

2.


2 1 2555 1 ..
2556

1.
.. 2555
(12 ) 8,000

.. 2555 ( 9
.. 2555)

6,030 5,660

2.13

()
1,145
674
1,209
1,497
128
0.87
626
379
5,666

: .. (2555)

2-34

 2 300
15,000

. .

6-8
1.28 2 ..
11,68012,390 2 15,000-16,500

15,300-16,220 2 17,500-19,250
21,000-23,100 ( , 26
2555)

1 2554
6 82
2.14

2.14

.
.

9,000
10,500
15,000
17,500
21,000
-

()
()


59,030
13,678 361,532
148
40
1,120
157,261
18,817 591,992
542
65
2,170
871,003
31,310 755,606
5,070
156
4,390
91,527
1,616
21,148
407
15
100
664
1,484
2
11
1,179,485
65,421 1,731,762
6,169
276
7,791

: 1, (2554)

2. (/)
15,000
300





15,000

2-35

 300
15,000

3.
20 15,000


(.)

. .

4.





5.


( 500 )

20

: http://humanrevod.wordpress.com/2011/09/12/salary-effect-education/

2-36

 2 300
15,000

. 2555. 26 2555.

. 2554. :
. Symposium 34
. .
. 2554. 300 .
19 8 2554.
. 2554.
300 . 5, 2554.
. 2554. . FAQ
Issue 38, May 30, 2011.
. 2555. .
. 23, 2555.
. . . 2 / 1.7 / 1.5 .
. 24, 2555.
__________. . . . . 24,
2555.
_________. 31 .. 1.5 ... . 26, 2555.
_________. 300 7 . .
27, 2555.
_________. 7 300. .
25, 2555.
. 2555.
. 26, 2555.

. 2554. . :
http://www.mol.go.th/employee/interesting_information/4131 22
2555.
. 2554.
. :
http://prachatai.com/journal/2011/09/36783 22 2555

2-37

 300
15,000

. 2554. . : www.bit.ly/HsekV6
28 2554.
. 2554. 300
. : www.fti.or.th
22 2555.
. : .
14 2554. :
http://www.oknation.net/blog/talkwithMetha/2011/07/15/entry-1 20
2554.
. 2554. ..
(23 2554) :
http://www.mua.go.th/~bpp/developplan/download/news/policy-yingluk.pdf 22
2555.
. 2555. 300 :
. : http://social.nesdb.go.th/ 19 2555.
. 2555.
300 /. : http://www.sme.go.th/Pages/Article/view7.aspx 18
2555.
. .
1 2555. . 31, 2555. :
http://www.matichon.co.th/news_detail.php?newsid=1327989389&grpid=01&catid=0305
_________. 15,000 . 12,
2554 : http://humanrevod.wordpress.com/2011/09/12/salary-effect-education/
31 2555.

2-38

 2 300
15,000

2-1

2-1

Mean Median 2554

199,126
1,867,832
9.6
71,976
443,646
14.0
26,620
249,810
9.6
37,128
208,346
15.1
51,232
193,743
20.9
17,640
51,333
25.6
72,216
135,562
34.8
16,445
32,842
33.4
34,403
33,953
50.3
46,605
144,490
24.4
67,172
307,268
17.9
25,916
161,925
13.8
35,123
76,501
31.5
17,295
41,000
29.7
57,950
133,592
30.3
55,588
73,413
43.1
15,349
42,659
26.5
45,665
54,730
45.5
252,466
377,874
40.1
181,375
100,048
64.4
99,411
140,063
41.5
99,641
50,311
66.4
74,918
134,572
35.8
25,888
34,837
42.6
56,029
55,766
50.1
28,514
24,088
54.2
44,371
40,075
52.5
143,585
280,351
33.9
90,675
187,728
32.6
41,730
44,787
48.2
47,718
67,331
41.5
41,099
104,410
28.2
82,822
117,613
41.3
71,964
39,998
64.3
72,607
68,327
51.5
51,577
19,534
72.5
30,533
20,838
59.4
203,352
227,178
47.2
44,828
61,743
42.1

(Mean)
(Mean)
Min wage Min wage
(Min
Mean

wage)
Median
164.0
543.9
346.2
30.2
47.4
165.0
408.3
307.7
40.4
53.6
173.0
536.0
326.9
32.3
52.9
166.0
388.8
307.7
42.7
54.0
169.0
283.9
250.0
59.9
67.6
165.0
265.0
230.8
62.3
71.5
171.0
231.9
192.3
73.7
88.9
167.0
248.2
192.3
67.3
86.8
167.0
183.0
165.4
91.3
101.0
165.0
303.3
230.8
54.4
71.5
163.0
330.7
269.2
49.3
60.5
166.0
389.1
300.0
42.7
55.3
166.0
254.0
230.8
65.3
71.9
183.0
251.4
192.3
72.8
95.2
166.0
280.5
230.8
59.2
71.9
160.0
220.4
192.3
72.6
83.2
162.0
230.5
192.3
70.3
84.2
163.0
190.6
173.1
85.5
94.2
171.0
235.1
192.3
72.8
88.9
180.0
153.3
153.9
117.4
117.0
162.0
184.4
184.6
87.8
87.7
163.0
158.8
138.5
102.6
117.7
165.0
206.6
192.3
79.9
85.8
169.0
239.1
176.9
70.7
95.5
166.0
182.3
162.0
91.1
102.5
161.0
161.2
153.9
99.9
104.6
159.0
171.6
153.9
92.6
103.3
163.0
211.1
184.6
77.2
88.3
165.0
219.3
192.3
75.3
85.8
163.0
187.9
173.1
86.7
94.2
168.0
193.8
177.7
86.7
94.5
166.0
207.9
192.3
79.8
86.3
163.0
182.8
180.8
89.1
90.2
163.0
158.7
138.5
102.7
117.7
166.0
191.3
161.5
86.8
102.8
168.0
134.8
115.4
124.7
145.6
171.0
149.9
140.0
114.0
122.1
170.0
212.8
192.3
79.9
88.4
172.0
213.3
173.1
80.6
99.4

2-39

 300
15,000

73,425
89,778
45.0

24,405
32,397
43.0

59,537
43,706
57.7

20,772
18,374
53.1

46,242
37,358
55.3

108,407
127,148
46.0

17,733
5,805
75.3

45,497
151,754
23.1

8,178
14,551
36.0

51,831
73,513
41.4

60,009
32,313
65.0

53,035
31,949
62.4

51,832
65,343
44.2

30,740
43,918
41.2

94,204
63,075
59.9

81,597
184,250
30.7

93,360
107,342
46.5

53,771
91,542
37.0

105,433
180,506
36.9

84,246
147}894
36.3

11,126
41,549
21.1

30,448
76,001
28.6

38,076
78,845
32.6

92,168
197,901
31.8

18,945
58,747
24.4

9,013
42,017
17.7

9,330
68,846
11.9

25,872
197,073
11.6

13,288
20,998
38.8

13,220
76,923
14.7

64,247
255,294
20.1

14,434
37,013
28.1

53,184
99,710
34.8

20,216
66,978
23.2

68,188
69,682
49.5

12,118
41,509
22.6

108,330
75,806
58.8
: 1

2-40

(Mean)
(Mean)
Min wage Min wage
(Min
Mean

wage)
Median
176.0
200.6
173.1
87.8
101.7
173.0
197.3
173.1
87.7
100.0
184.0
174.6
153.9
105.4
119.6
175.0
177.4
153.9
98.6
113.7
186.0
169.1
153.9
110.0
120.9
173.0
177.7
173.1
97.3
100.0
221.0
156.1
115.4
141.6
191.5
173.0
217.9
196.2
79.4
88.2
174.0
210.2
192.3
82.8
90.5
185.0
199.0
183.1
92.9
101.0
172.0
156.4
115.4
110.0
149.1
179.0
158.9
153.9
112.6
116.3
193.0
208.4
173.1
92.6
111.5
196.0
190.1
173.1
103.1
113.2
169.0
166.3
153.9
101.6
109.8
170.0
239.7
192.3
70.9
88.4
183.0
212.9
190.0
86.0
96.3
189.0
210.8
192.3
89.7
98.3
173.0
302.7
230.8
57.2
75.0
181.0
281.9
218.0
64.2
83.0
172.0
254.1
230.8
67.7
74.5
179.0
232.7
200.0
76.9
89.5
180.0
230.8
192.3
78.0
93.6
172.0
259.0
230.8
66.4
74.5
167.0
244.0
230.8
68.5
72.4
167.0
306.9
269.2
54.4
62.0
190.0
335.3
307.7
56.7
61.8
182.0
311.6
269.2
58.4
67.6
193.0
214.7
196.2
89.9
98.4
176.0
267.8
230.8
65.7
76.3
174.0
313.1
230.8
55.6
75.4
215.0
245.5
192.3
87.6
111.8
215.0
230.1
200.0
93.4
107.5
215.0
237.3
230.8
90.6
93.2
215.0
187.4
173.1
114.7
124.2
215.0
245.6
230.8
87.5
93.2
215.0
160.7
153.9
133.8
139.7

 2 300
15,000

2-2

1 .. 2555

300

243

273

241

269

240

265

239

264

237

259

236

258

234

257

233

255

232

254

230

252

229

251

227

250

226

246

225

244

223

222

: (2554)

2-41

 300
15,000

2-3 2555 2556

:/

2-42

2555

2555

2556

256,190,043
85,327,220
62,335,935
10,560,005
9,405,060
13,316,775
3,813,515
25,240,580
47,992,657
1,652,600
229,550
1,342,804
168,020
86,722
1,770,536
15,393,148
6,046,307
1,258,178
2,768,900
3,442,635
727,028
497,750
782,742
3,426,400
1,997,105
1,146,668
1,260,012
757,016
3,238,536
19,918,524
10,488,240
903,658
193,440
79,722
80,295
79,839
111,996
1,958,584
135,166
753,026
40,772
674,240
3,554,354
94,160

311,412,828
105,314,800
73,684,200
11,771,850
11,212,500
15,995,550
4,384,800
30,319,500
58,034,046
2,098,850
269,225
1,617,988
206,170
91,078
2,131,688
19,180,624
6,921,032
1,498,300
3,157,500
4,209,855
872,180
592,555
847,614
4,234,735
2,309,860
1,384,532
1,606,540
906,400
3,897,320
24,673,375
14,264,943
1,143,652
215,280
92,138
97,255
92,575
127,368
2,270,368
140,414
898,952
41,036
768,620
3,597,042
108,720

386,894,800
105,314,800
84,894,700
14,270,100
12,823,600
18,175,900
5,174,300
34,450,800
85,993,300
2,829,200
431,500
2,441,000
307,700
171,200
3,132,400
26,261,000
11,182,900
2,320,200
5,317,400
6,017,100
1,321,000
938,900
1,521,600
6,169,700
3,721,100
2,170,800
2,295,800
1,392,000
6,050,800
36,162,100
17,784,900
1,671,200
376,800
154,400
153,700
155,300
219,600
3,766,000
268,200
1,435,300
81,400
1,297,000
7,092,700
181,600

2555

2555- 2556

55,222,785
19,987,580
11,348,265
1,211,845
1,807,440
2,678,775
571,285
5,078,920
10,041,389
446,250
39,675
275,184
38,150
4,356
361,152
3,787,476
874,725
240,122
388,600
767,220
145,152
94,805
64,872
808,335
312,755
237,864
346,528
149,384
658,784
4,754,851
3,776,703
239,994
21,840
12,416
16,960
12,736
15,372
311,784
5,248
145,926
264
94,380
42,688
14,560

75,481,972
11,210,500
2,498,250
1,611,100
2,180,350
789,500
4,131,300
27,959,254
730,350
162,275
823,012
101,530
80,122
1,000,712
7,080,376
4,261,868
821,900
2,159,900
1,807,245
448,820
346,345
673,986
1,934,965
1,411,240
786,268
689,260
485,600
2,153,480
11,488,725
3,519,957
527,548
161,520
62,262
56,445
62,725
92,232
1,495,632
127,786
536,348
40,364
528,380
3,495,658
72,880

 2 300
15,000

2555

2555

2556

2555

2555- 2556

190,481
221,649
368,300
31,168
146,651

124,043
134,347
243,900
10,304
109,553

456,508
459,016
911,800
2,508
452,784

3,995,458
4,701,209
7,453,700
705,751
2,752,491

1,875,797
2,304,845
3,358,300
429,048
1,053,455

181,962
218,724
346,100
36,762
127,376

159,442
181,266
310,700
21,824
129,434

37,140
38,652
73,800
1,512
35,148

225,597
246,473
438,300
20,876
191,827

45,854
57,008
86,300
11,154
29,292

99,345
117,090
190,500
17,745
73,410

7,686
9,094
14,800
1,408
5,706

65,653
68,132
129,900
2,479
61,768

21,360
24,220
41,400
2,860
17,180

206,600
206,600
413,200
206,600

133,970
152,330
256,600
18,360
104,270

235,388
273,196
445,200
37,808
172,004

139,859
160,696
267,900
20,837
107,204

49,900
56,300
97,200
6,400
40,900

103,282
128,164
194,500
24,882
66,336

53,970
61,230
104,200
7,260
42,970

115,396
128,992
224,200
13,596
95,208

131,012
142,907
256,900
11,895
113,993

106,245
125,290
203,700
19,045
78,410

36,620,249 45,005,198 67,076,200

8,384,949
22,071,002

690,546
692,547
1,379,700
2,001
687,153

1,254,952
1,530,746
2,253,000
275,794
722,254

1,281,252
1,404,038
2,441,400
122,786
1,037,362

1,955,884
1,956,200
3,911,200
316
1,955,000

11,448,580 15,000,900 20,598,600

3,552,320
5,597,700

5,650,155
6,977,514 10,027,500
1,327,359
3,049,986

3,761,185
4,580,245
6,968,300
819,060
2,388,055

6,409,296
8,059,266 11,592,900
1,649,970
3,533,634

333,071
396,107
623,500
63,036
227,393

1,302,575
1,593,824
2,394,100
291,249
800,276

98,614
106,638
191,800
8,024
85,162

1,337,680
1,386,858
2,646,000
49,178
1,259,142

857,844
1,077,280
1,573,700
219,436
496,420

238,615
243,035
474,500
4,420
231,465
: 1) 11 ( MOU) 9 MOU ( )
... .. 2551 2) 9 MOU (
:Memorandum of Understanding) 3 2
3) 9 MOU
: MOU () 2555

2-43

 300
15,000

2-4

2-44

300
2555 2556

300 /
300 /
(1)
42,137
6,269,897
32,491
5,675,878
48,502
8,339,479
62,989
10,341,207
70,770
13,828,637
40,343
5,634,528
156,986
28,898,757
85,051
13,833,140
249,712
45,955,509
55,767
10,728,125
120,702
20,882,448
31,662
5,465,955
121,840
21,098,777
421,337
83,019,083
190,909
31,317,037
77,655
12,295,355
148,227
25,009,383
26,442
4,020,261
139,253
24,344,387
314,214
58,923,868
82,831
10,964,701
20,631
3,277,009
124,372
21,156,340
96,111
16,631,497
195,932
32,833,718
40,450
5,784,787
58,430
9,991,420
71,644
10,857,515
85,661
13,669,691
44,332
7,665,336
74,199
13,392,864
133,825
24,446,481
77,159
12,301,516
104,753
17,354,222
116,413
18,393,848
20,643
4,110,347
172,894
29,548,550
124,254
20,684,960
38,268
7,680,764
199,303
38,735,369
42,971
8,160,735
46,640
9,629,154
130,173
24,421,988
33,770
7,002,607

40
300
1

(2)
(3)
8,653,849
12,640,973
7,677,938
9,747,325
11,008,208
14,550,639
13,909,622
18,896,592
18,221,251
21,231,118
7,676,039
12,102,922
38,660,116
47,095,668
18,362,327
25,515,186
60,313,620
74,913,472
13,895,109
16,730,040
27,923,589
36,210,577
7,292,775
9,498,566
28,308,633
36,551,899
109,000,000 126,000,000
42,219,239
57,272,811
16,484,247
23,296,474
32,760,101
44,468,148
5,386,170
7,932,591
32,138,517
41,775,965
77,271,931
94,264,087
14,965,024
24,849,286
4,466,037
6,189,419
28,406,717
37,311,628
22,276,381
28,833,174
43,725,730
58,779,649
7,793,887
12,135,106
13,364,347
17,529,077
14,559,534
21,493,279
18,258,475
25,698,390
10,287,232
13,299,585
17,842,717
22,259,552
32,611,761
40,147,466
16,549,283
23,147,720
23,364,705
31,425,950
24,899,209
34,924,038
5,372,663
6,192,941
39,499,344
51,868,068
28,072,546
37,276,109
9,754,046
11,480,380
50,388,742
59,790,928
10,693,112
12,891,447
12,196,932
13,992,136
32,064,097
39,052,023
9,003,759
10,131,149

(2)-(1)
2,383,952
2,002,061
2,668,728
3,568,415
4,392,615
2,041,510
9,761,359
4,529,186
14,358,111
3,166,983
7,041,141
1,826,820
7,209,856
25,980,917
10,902,202
4,188,892
7,750,718
1,365,909
7,794,130
18,348,063
4,000,323
1,189,027
7,250,377
5,644,884
10,892,012
2,009,100
3,372,927
3,702,019
4,588,784
2,621,896
4,449,852
8,165,281
4,247,767
6,010,483
6,505,362
1,262,316
9,950,794
7,387,586
2,073,282
11,653,374
2,532,376
2,567,778
7,642,109
2,001,152

(3)-(2)
3,987,125
2,069,387
3,542,431
4,986,970
3,009,867
4,426,883
8,435,553
7,152,860
14,599,852
2,834,931
8,286,988
2,205,791
8,243,266
17,000,000
15,053,572
6,812,227
11,708,047
2,546,422
9,637,449
16,992,156
9,884,262
1,723,382
8,904,912
6,556,792
15,053,920
4,341,219
4,164,730
6,933,745
7,439,914
3,012,354
4,416,835
7,535,705
6,598,437
8,061,245
10,024,828
820,278
12,368,724
9,203,563
1,726,335
9,402,186
2,198,335
1,795,204
6,987,926
1,127,390

 2 300
15,000

40
300
300 /
300 /
1

(1)
(2)
(3)
79,155
15,290,650
19,840,570
23,746,643
47,179
11,054,589
13,555,886
14,153,574
65,085
13,466,757
17,282,629
19,525,625
203,262
41,617,752
54,269,659
60,978,567
31,517
5,735,954
7,477,171
9,455,133
98,538
21,828,417
27,243,428
29,561,361
91,438
18,108,275
23,520,496
27,431,511
132,409
27,502,499
35,222,648
39,722,657
185,796
41,627,833
52,390,779
55,738,878
43,908
8,222,604
10,920,426
13,172,354
46,636
9,338,589
12,406,180
13,990,866
90,679
17,457,009
23,120,232
27,203,551
101,070
21,643,405
27,629,305
30,320,851
79,814
12,768,798
17,028,513
23,944,213
162,168
29,097,524
38,730,453
48,650,325
98,769
19,030,173
25,112,518
29,630,580
78,077
15,253,774
20,061,155
23,423,226
209,122
39,070,053
52,297,714
62,736,453
43,171
8,736,439
11,404,491
12,951,376
131,347
24,428,184
32,040,264
39,404,147
54,548
9,042,937
12,267,322
16,364,325
148,867
32,241,834
41,215,541
44,660,068
143,933
29,942,216
38,482,031
43,179,984
124,505
26,624,357
34,157,494
37,351,526
42,722
7,617,501
9,928,045
12,816,645
49,955
9,547,898
12,210,907
14,986,479
178,350
40,275,851
50,990,148
53,504,862
68,376
16,028,534
19,687,569
20,512,902
152,390
36,297,022
44,540,564
45,716,963
224,185
52,145,762
65,966,486
67,255,598
162,174
36,085,236
47,584,002
48,652,348
711,945
164,000,000 203,000,000 214,000,000
8,653,738 1,665,705,558 2,169,164,184 2,596,137,144

(2)-(1)
4,549,920
2,501,297
3,815,872
12,651,907
1,741,217
5,415,011
5,412,221
7,720,148
10,762,946
2,697,822
3,067,590
5,663,223
5,985,900
4,259,715
9,632,929
6,082,345
4,807,381
13,227,661
2,668,052
7,612,080
3,224,385
8,973,707
8,539,815
7,533,137
2,310,543
2,663,008
10,714,296
3,659,034
8,243,542
13,820,724
11,498,766
39,000,000
503,458,626

(3)-(2)
3,906,073
597,688
2,242,996
6,708,908
1,977,962
2,317,933
3,911,015
4,500,009
3,348,099
2,251,928
1,584,686
4,083,320
2,691,545
6,915,700
9,919,872
4,518,062
3,362,071
10,438,739
1,546,885
7,363,883
4,097,003
3,444,527
4,697,953
3,194,033
2,888,601
2,775,572
2,514,714
825,333
1,176,399
1,289,112
1,068,346
11,000,000
426,972,960

2-45

 3
300
15,000
.
3.1
()
()
- (agenda)
-
/

-
/
-

15,000
3.2

1.
2.

3.

4. (Conjecture)

Jump Process /

 300
15,000

3.3

3.3.1

2 ( 3.1)
3.1 (Real Minimum Wage)
:
Real Minimum wage (Baht year 2007) 1981-2010
250

200

Baht/day

150

100

50

Jan-81
Jul-81
Jan-82
Jul-82
Jan-83
Jul-83
Jan-84
Jul-84
Jan-85
Jul-85
Jan-86
Jul-86
Jan-87
Jul-87
Jan-88
Jul-88
Jan-89
Jul-89
Jan-90
Jul-90
Jan-91
Jul-91
Jan-92
Jul-92
Jan-93
Jul-93
Jan-94
Jul-94
Jan-95
Jul-95
Jan-96
Jul-96
Jan-97
Jul-97
Jan-98
Jul-98
Jan-99
Jul-99
Jan-00
Jul-00
Jan-01
Jul-01
Jan-02
Jul-02
Jan-03
Jul-03
Jan-04
Jul-04
Jan-05
Jul-05
Jan-06
Jul-06
Jan-07
Jul-07
Jan-08
Jul-08
Jan-09
Jul-09
Jan-10
Jul-10

Year

Krabi

Bangkok

Kanchanaburi

Kalasin

Kamphaeng Phet

Khon Kaen

Chanthaburi

Chachoengsao

Chonburi

Chainat

Chaiyaphum

Chumphon

Chiang Rai

Chiang Mai

Trang

Trad

Tak

Nakorn Nayok

Nakorn Pathom

Nakorn Phanom

Nakhon Ratchasima

Nakornsrithammarat

Nakornsawan

Nonthaburi

Narathiwat

Nan

Burirum

Pathum Thani

Prachaubkirikhan

Prachin Buri

Pattani

Ayutthaya

Phayao

Phang Nga

Pattalung

Phichit

Phisanulok

Phetchaburi

Petchaboon

Phrae

Phuket

Mahasarakham

Mugdahan

Mae Hong Son

Yasothon

Yala

Roi-ed

Ranong

Rayong

Ratchaburi

Lop Buri

Lumpang

Lamphun

Loei

Srisaket

Sakonnakorn

Songkha

Satoon

Samut Prakan

Samut Songkhram

Samut Sakhon

Sa Kaeo

Saraburi

Singburi

Sukhothai

Suphan Buri

Surat Thani

Surin

Nongkhai

Nong Bua Lampoo

Ang Thong

Amnatchareon

Udonthani

Uttraradit

Uthaithani

Ubon Ratchathani

.. 1989/90-1996-1997
.. 1989/90-1996-1997


GDP 40 (Labor-to-Capitalratio)
.. 1997
GDP
( 3.2)
..1998-2007 ..1998-2002

3-2

 3 300
15,000

3.2 GDP
:
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Nominal

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

Real

( 3.3)
.. 1997
3.3

: Magruder (2011)

..1999
.. 1998


(Macro Economics)
(Labor Economics)

3-3

 300
15,000

3.3.2

4-5

(/)


(
3.4)
()
( ) ( 300 )

(Minimum Wage Hike) (Actual

Wage) 5
3.4 ()
1)
GDP

15

10

2.5
1.5

0.5

0
-5

-0.5

-10

-1.5
2550

2551

2552

2553

2554

2)

3
2
1
0
2550
:

2551

2552

2553

2554

 3 300

15,000

3.4 ()
3)

12

10
8
6
4
2
0
2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553

4)

12

10
8
6
4
2
0
2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553

5) 50

9,500
9,000
8,500

12

8,000
2549

2550

2551

2552

2553

:
: Saovanee Chantapong , e-mail
mail : saovanec@bot.or.th Economic Research Department, Monetary Policy Group,
Group
Bank of Thailand

 300
15,000

3.4
3.4.1



1. 1) (Minimum Wage: MW)
(Actual Wage profile: AW): MW/AW) 2) MW/AW

3) (Substitutability)

(Knowledge-based)
Big Push
2.
(Inflation Expectation)
3.
(Productivity)
(1) (Higher Relative Price) (2)

4. Big Push


3 CP (High Wage, High Price, High Tech)
5. (Income Distribution)

New
Business Model

3.4.2 :
Neumark and Washer (2008) 50
..1990

(Human Capital)
Gary Becker (1995)

3-6

 3 300
15,000

3.4.3 :
Card and Kruger (1994) New Jersey ..1992
20 1 Pennsylvania
Card and Kruger
(Equilibrium
Employment)
Joseph Stiglitz (2002)

Acemoglu& Pischke (2001)

(Training)
3.4.4 : Big Hike/Big Push

..1990-1997
Magruder (2011)
Industrialization
(Informal Sector)
(Domestic Demand)
(Local Demand)
Magruder (2011) ..1997
(Control)

( Big Push)

1979 (Wage Correction Policy)

(Big Push Model)
( ..1980-84)
..1985
(High Minimum Wage)
..1986-87
Big Push

3-7

 300
15,000

3.1
3.1

/
/

,

-/

(/
)

(Wage-Price
Spiral)

(Human
Capitals)

3.4.5 :
(2555) CGE (Computable General Equilibrium)
300
( 4.5) (Productivity)

(2555)1

15-39
Big Push
1

"" SMEs 1.2

http://www.prachachat.net/news_detail.php?newsid=1336496782&grpid=&catid=04&subcatid=0402
3-8

 3 300
15,000

3.4.6 :

(Formal Sector)

(Elasticity)

-
36.3 7 ( 3.2) 61.5
( 3.3)
10-20 ( 3.4)
3.2
:

(Own Account)

-
-
-

/
/

2.1
10.8
4.7
4.3
0.7
36.3
0.0
7.9
7.0
7.2
1.1
0.8
1.3
15.8
100.0

1.7
21.4
13.1
5.1
0.3
15.7
0.0
5.2
5.4
7.6
1.6
0.4
0.6
22.1
100.0

1.7
19.6
11.7
5.0
0.4
19.1
0.0
5.6
5.6
7.5
1.5
0.5
0.7
21.0
100.0

: .. 2554,

3.3

(Own Account)

-
-
-

3.5
18.4
8.0
7.3
1.2
61.5
0.0
100.0

2.9
37.4
22.8
8.9
0.5
27.4
0.0
100.0

3.0
34.1
20.3
8.6
0.6
33.3
0.0
100.0

: .. 2554,

3-9

 300
15,000

3.4

(/)
(HH )
-
-
-
-10,000
10,000-50,000
50,000-100,000
100,000-250,000
250,000+

HH

HH
6.1
13.4
7.1
1.9
13.1
56.1
2.1
.3
.0
100.0

6.1
19.5
26.6
28.5
41.5
97.6
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0

: .. 2554,

(Domestic Market) (Growth Engine)

Big Push (Gross
Domestic Product: GDP)
(Real Minimum Wage)

( 3.5-3.6)
3.5 30
( Gini .. 2519-2552)
0.55
0.50

 
0.45
0.40

 

0.35
0.30

2552

2551

2550

2549

2547

2545

2544

2543

2542

2541

2539

2537

2535

2533

2531

2529

2524

2519

0.25

3-10

 3 300
15,000

3.6
100

(K)

90
80
70

(K+A)

60
50

+ (L+A)

40
30

(L)

20
10
0

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

(Demand for Labor)

(Survival Probability)

Input-Output Table (I-O Table)

100

100
4 5, 10, 20, 30 40

(Vulnerable Sectors)
( 3.7) (Secured Sectors)
( 3.8)

3-11

 300
15,000

3.7 :Vulnerable Sectors

( 4 )
450%
400%
350%
300%
250%
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%

5%

10%

20%

30%

40%

: I-O Table 2005

3.8 : Secured Sectors

( 4 )
10%
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%

5%

10%

20%

30%

40%

: I-O Table 2005

Vulnerable
Sector
( 3.9) Secured Sector
( 3.10)
3-12

20

30

30

40

40

3 300
15,000

()

10

3.9 : Vulnerable Sectors

( 4 )

120

100

80

60

40

20

20

: I-O Table 2005

10

3.10 : Secured Sectors

( 4 )

()
25

20

15

10

: I-O Table 2005

3-13

(Supply Elasticity)

(Asian Economic Community: AEC) .. 2558
AEC 15,000

 300
15,000

AEC 300 AEC

Capital
Reallocation (Labor Demand) (Sectors)

3.11
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Daily USd

Monthly PPP

: National Wages and Productivity Commission

( 3.11)
40

3.5 (Conjecture)
(Jump Process)
.. 2533-2540 40
3 (Real
Minimum Wage)


1.
(domestic demand)
2. (Vulnerable Sector)
3.
4.

3-14

 3 300
15,000

5. Big Push
(Growth Engine)
6. (Productivity)
(Imbalance)

7.
5 Growth Catch-up

8. AEC
AEC
( Decile 6th) (
4)

3.6
1.

()

(Vulnerable Sectors)
2. (Monitoring Unit)

3.
Modern SME SME

AEC
(Regional Production Network)
(Supply Chain) (High Technology)
4. (Main
Growth Engine)
5. Wage-Price Spiral

3-15

 300
15,000

3.7




Jump Process

/

Capture

15,000

-

3-16

 3 300
15,000

(2555), 300 :
(General Equilibrium Model), Economic Seminar
, ,
2555.
Acemoglu, Daron and Pischke, Jorn-Steffen (2001),"Changes in the Wage Structure, Family
Income, and Children's Education",Open Access Publications from London School
of Economics and Political Science http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/, London School of
Economics and Political Science, 2001.
Card, David and Krueger, Alan B. (2000), Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study
of theFast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply, American
Economic Review, Vol. 90, No. 5, pp. 1397-1420, December 2000.
Card, David and Krueger, Alan B. (1994), Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study
of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, American Economic
Review, Vol. 84, No. 4, pp. 772-793, September 1994.
Becker, Gary S. (1995) "It's Simple: Hike the Minimum Wage, and You Put People out of
Work", Business Week Column, Mar 6, 1995, p. 22.
Stiglitz, Joseph E.(2002), Employment, Social Justice and Societal Well-Being,
International Labour Review, Vol. 141 (2002), No. 1-2.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/revue/download/pdf/stiglitz.pdf
Magruder, Jeremy R. (2011), Can MinimumWages Cause a Big Push? Evidence from
Indonesia, September 21,
2011.http://www.econ.yale.edu/conference/neudc11/papers/paper_272.pdf
Neumark, David and Wascher, William L.(2008), Minimum Wages, Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press.http://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262141024

3-17

.


2529-2553 1
2
(Wage Distribution)
(Labour Force Participation)

2

()
2540

60

10-99

/

300 7
1 2555 .. 2556

 300
15,000

2 .. 25292553
3
4
5
4.1
25
.. 25292553 4.1
4 1) (Unpaid Family Workers)
2) (Self-employed) 3) (Salaried Workers)
4)
4.1 .. 2529-2553
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2529

2532
self

2535
unpaid

2538

2541
employer

2544
salaried

2547

2550

2553

self+unpaid

.. 2529
41 31
4.1
72 .. 2529 52 .. 2547
54 .. 2553 27 ..
2529 44 .. 2553

4-2

4.1

.. 2553

Agriculture
Fishing
Mining
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, and water
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Hotels and restaurants
Transport and communication
Financial
Property
Public administration and defense
Education
Health and social work
Other services

All
Self-employed
0.550
0.392
(0.488)
(0.498)
0.009
0.013
(0.093)
(0.115)
0.001
0.000
(0.029)
(0.011)
0.046
0.135
(0.342)
(0.210)
0.000
0.003
(0.051)
(0.006)
0.055
0.008
(0.228)
(0.091)
0.158
0.197
(0.364)
(0.398)
0.067
0.096
(0.250)
(0.295)
0.028
0.043
(0.164)
(0.202)
0.001
0.010
(0.099)
(0.031)
0.021
0.010
(0.144)
(0.100)
0.043
(0.203)
0.034
0.001
(0.182)
(0.031)
0.019
0.003
(0.135)
(0.057)
0.026
0.031
(0.160)
(0.172)

Unpaid
0.712
(0.453)
0.010
(0.101)
0.000
(0.013)
0.029
(0.167)
0.000
(0.007)
0.006
(0.078)
0.156
(0.363)
0.072
(0.258)
0.002
(0.045)
0.000
(0.016)
0.005
(0.070)
0.000
(0.018)
0.001
(0.024)
0.007
(0.086)

Salaried Employer
0.123
0.235
(0.329)
(0.424)
0.005
0.009
(0.068)
(0.094)
0.002
0.001
(0.042)
(0.025)
0.254
0.119
(0.435)
(0.324)
0.006
(0.077)
0.106
0.182
(0.308)
(0.386)
0.125
0.255
(0.330)
(0.436)
0.042
0.090
(0.201)
(0.286)
0.031
0.025
(0.172)
(0.157)
0.022
0.002
(0.146)
(0.041)
0.036
0.044
(0.187)
(0.206)
0.099
(0.298)
0.078
0.003
(0.267)
(0.054)
0.039
0.006
(0.195)
(0.075)
0.033
0.029
(0.179)
(0.169)

: (Standard Deviation)

4.1
() .. 2553
40
56 72
13

4-3

 300
15,000

3
1) 10 2) 10
3)
3 .. 2530-2553 4.2
.. 2530
10 45
.. 2540
35
4.2 .. 2530-2553
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
2530

2532

2534

2536

2538

2540

private less than 10

2542

2544

private 10+

2546

2548

2550

2552

govt

10 30
.. 2530 46 2540 .. 2545
47 .. 2551
43 .. 2553 4.2
10

4-4

4.2

.. 2553

Agriculture
Fishing
Mining
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, and water
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Hotels and restaurants
Transport and communication
Financial
Property
Public administration and defense
Education
Health and social work
Other services

Private less than 10

0.296
(0.456)
0.008
(0.087)
0.000
(0.018)
0.119
(0.324)
0.000
(0.016)
0.193
(0.395)
0.189
(0.391)
0.066
(0.248)
0.020
(0.140)
0.006
(0.078)
0.027
(0.161)
-

Private 10+
0.046
(0.209)
0.005
(0.070)
0.004
(0.060)
0.471
(0.499)
0.001
(0.026)
0.092
(0.289)
0.150
(0.357)
0.050
(0.217)
0.040
(0.195)
0.033
(0.179)
0.053
(0.225)
-

0.006
(0.076)
0.008
(0.087)
0.062
(0.242)

0.025
(0.156)
0.011
(0.106)
0.020
(0.142)

Government
0.024
(0.154)
0.000
(0.010)
0.004
(0.063)
0.025
(0.156)
0.013
(0.113)
0.001
(0.038)
0.029
(0.166)
0.019
(0.138)
0.020
(0.139)
0.435
(0.496)
0.282
(0.450)
0.140
(0.347)
0.009
(0.093)

: (Standard Deviation)

4.2
.. 2553 10
30 10
5
10
( Kernel Density Distribution)

4-5

 300
15,000

Log Log (
)
() 3
.. 2539 .. 2553
4.3 4.4
.. 2539 40
10
62 10
35

.. 2553
24 10 20
10
43
10

4.3 4.4

.. 2529 .. 2553 4.5 .. 2529
.. 2540
(
4.6 ) .. 2540 8



.. 2548 24 .. 2553

4-6

4.3 Kernel Density Distribution Log Log .. 2539

10

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-1.5

-1

-0.5

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

10
1.2

0.8

2.5

3.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

0.4

0.4

-0.5

0.6

0.6

-1

1.5

0.8

-1.5

0.2

0.2

0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

4-7

 300
15,000

4.4 Kernel Density Distribution Log Log .. 2553

10

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-1.5

-1

-0.5

1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.2

0.8

0.8

4-8

2.5

3.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

0.4

0.4

-0.5

0.6

0.6

-1

1.5

10

-1.5

0.2

0.2

0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

4.5 .. 2529-2553
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
2529

2532

2535

2538

2541

2544

2547

2550

2553

4.6 ( .. 2552) .. 2528-2553

 300
15,000

4.7 .. 2529-25533
80%

16%

70%

14%

60%

12%

50%

10%

40%

8%

30%

6%

20%

4%

10%

2%

0%

0%
2529 2532 2535 2538 2541 2544 2547 2550 2553
SP

2529 2532 2535 2538 2541 2544 2547 2550 2553

UP

SHS

HS

SC

CO

15-65
.. 2529-2553 4.7
6 (SP) 68 .. 2529
29 .. 2553 6
(SC) (CO)
2.18 2.74 .. 2529 5.34 12.18 .. 2553

4.8
15-24 (young) 34 .. 2529 13
.. 2553

4.8 .. 2529-2553
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

2529

2532

2535

2538
young

2541
prime

2544

2547

2550

2553

old

6 (1) SP (Some primary and below) 6 (2) UP (Upper primary graduate)

6 (3) SHS (Some high school) 6 (4) HS (High school graduate) 6
(5) SC (Some college) 6 (6) CO (College graduate and above)
4-10

15-65
15-24 (young)
25-55 (prime age) 56-65 (old)

4.2
2 4.2.1)
(Wage Distribution) (
15-65 35 )
4.2.2)
()
()

15-65
15-24 25-55
56-65
2

10 4.2.2
3
4.2.1 (Wage Distribution)
Autor, Manning, and Smith (2010)
Lee (1999)



  
50









  
50  

 
50   
 
50  

(1)


  
50 log 

log  

  
50
(Counterfactual Latent Wage
Distribution)

  
50 log log
 Lee (1999) (Proxy Variable)
Lee (1999) Effective Minimum

4-11

 300
15,000

Lee (1999)

4.5



  
50
 (1)
Lee (1999)
1. 
(Median) (Standard Deviation) 




    


Normalize 
50
0 
 
2. 

   |

(1) 
 
 (  (2))






  
50
  

 
50   
 
50   (2)

Autor, Manning, and Smith (2010) (2) Lee (1999)

() Autor, Manning, and Smith (2010)
Province Fixed Effects Time Trends
Allegretto, Dube, and Reich (2011)
log log



  
50




     .   

 
50   
 
50  

(3)

Borjas (1980) Division Bias

(3) 
50 
 
50 
50

Endogeneity

 
50  (3)
(Inconsistent)
4-12


Autor, Manning, and Smith (2010) log 


(Instrument)
  
50 (3) Two-Stage
Least Squares (2SLS)

  
50



 
50
Autor, Manning, and Smith (2010)
(Fitted Value) 2SLS4



 
50 (3) Wooldridge (2002)
section 9.5.2 Forbidden Regression
Inconsistent






!




 
50

 
50 (3)
2SLS

65 (2)


  
65





 
   
65  


 
65   
 
65   (4)

(4) 
 
  
65

Fixed Effects Time Trends (3)
 

65
(3)
4.2.2

1. Fixed Effects
Sabia (2009) Allegretto, Dube, and
Reich (2011) Sabia (2009) (State)
Provincial Level Panel
4


2SLS

 
50
(Time Dummy) (Province Fixed Effects) Time Trend (Provincial Time Trend)


(Instrument)

4-13

 300
15,000
#
$%  & '    (  

$%
&

(5)

log  
(Control Variables)
log
25-55 ( 6
Endogenous Regressors)
15-19 56-65

 (

Province Time Fixed Effects

# 1) (Employment-toPopulation Ratio) 2) (Labour Force Participation) 3)

4) (Unpaid
Family Workers) 5) (Self-employed) 6)
10 7) 10-99
8) 100 9)
10) log

Provincial Fixed Effects (
trend

Allegretto, Dube,
and Reich (2011) ADR Trend

Shock
ADR
#
$%  & '    (   .   

(6)

(Linear) Time Trend 

(

(6)  . 

2. Lagged Dependent Variables (Arellano & Bond)

Fixed Effects
Dynamic Model Lagged Dependent Variable Model

#
4-14

 . 

 

(Labour Market Inertia)

#
.,/ +, #,,  $%  & '    (   .   

(7)

0
1, , 3 
(7) 
1 #,
#
+#,  $%  & '    (   .   

(8) Province Fixed Effects

(8)   1 
#
+#,  $%  & '  (    

(8)


(9)

#
#  #,
(9)
(Ordinary Least Squares OLS) 
  , #,
#, 
#, (Correlated)
(Inconsistent) Anderson Hsiao (1981) Arellano Bond
(1991)5 #, (Instrument)
#, #,

Lagged Dependent Variable 1 (9)
#,  ,5 6 7 2
 (8)

&
25-55
Endogenous
Regressors Lagged Dependent Variables 2
& (9)
5

Arellano Bond (1991) lagged dependent variables #,5

6 7 2 (instrument) #,

4-15

 300
15,000

4.3
4.3.1

35
2 2 (OLS)
2SLS Instrumental Variable (IV)
(3) Linear Time Trend  . 
2 (3)
4.9 Quantile
() OLS
1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Quantile

4.10 Quantile
() Instrumental Variable
1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Quantile

4-16

(Marginal Effects) Quantile

1 4-1
4.9 4.10 OLS IV (
95)
2 4-2 4.11 4.12
4.11 Quantile
() OLS
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Quantile

4.12 Quantile
() Instrumental Variable
(Preferred Specification)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Quantile

4-17

 300
15,000

Logarithm
2
Instrumental Variable
4.13 ( Quantile
)
4.13
()
1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5
-1.0
5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

Wage Percentile

4.13
Spill Over
60 15
1 0.85 (
4-2 0.85
exp
0.615  1)
4.13
4-1 4-2
60
IV 2SLS 2
85 90

65
OLS

65 (4)
Division Bias

4-18

4.3.2

15-65
3
Fixed Effects Arellano & Bond

4-3

6
4-3
10-99 ()

( Disguised Unemployment)
10

-0.048

15-24

4-4

10 81.3 (
.. 2553) 78.4
83.2 ( .. 2553 )
81.5
-0.074

25-55
74 .. 2553
4-5

6

4-3 1
0.457 -3.306 ( -0.457/0.138 0.138
4-7)

4-19

 300
15,000

/
/ ( 4-6)



12 .. 2553

4-20

4-1
4-1

( 4.9 4.10)

OLS
Marginal Eff

0.05
0.741***
(0.042)

0.10
0.730***
(0.033)

0.15
0.749***
(0.028)

0.20
0.708***
(0.024)

0.25
0.675***
(0.021)

0.30
0.632***
(0.020)

0.35
0.582***
(0.019)

0.40
0.528***
(0.018)

0.45
0.453***
(0.018)

OLS
Marginal Eff

0.50
0.365***
(0.016)

0.55
0.244***
(0.012)

0.60
0.127***
(0.009)

0.70
-0.021*
(0.012)

0.75
0.006
(0.022)

0.80
0.078**
(0.031)

0.85
0.197***
(0.034)

0.90
0.352***
(0.041)

0.95
0.551***
(0.047)

IV
Marginal Eff

0.05
0.882***
(0.258)

0.10
0.559***
(0.181)

0.15
0.649***
(0.172)

0.20
0.622***
(0.201)

0.25
0.657***
(0.245)

0.30
0.624**
(0.286)

0.35
0.545**
(0.230)

0.40
0.573**
(0.270)

0.45
0.318*
(0.163)

IV
Marginal Eff

0.50
0.326**
(0.159)

0.55
0.203**
(0.096)

0.60
0.075
(0.057)

0.70
-0.016
(0.091)

0.75
-0.033
(0.123)

0.80
-0.151
(0.166)

0.85
-0.137
(0.179)

0.90
-0.226
(0.238)

0.95
-0.418
(0.362)

Notes: Delta method standard errors in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

4-2

( 4.11 4.12)

OLS
Marginal Eff

0.05
0.783***
(0.032)

0.10
0.760***
(0.025)

0.15
0.761***
(0.024)

0.20
0.715***
(0.021)

0.25
0.685***
(0.019)

0.30
0.645***
(0.020)

0.35
0.594***
(0.019)

0.40
0.543***
(0.019)

0.45
0.471***
(0.019)

OLS
Marginal Eff

0.50
0.382***
(0.017)

0.55
0.254***
(0.013)

0.60
0.133***
(0.010)

0.70
-0.016
(0.014)

0.75
0.016
(0.026)

0.80
0.090***
(0.034)

0.85
0.212***
(0.037)

0.90
0.358***
(0.044)

0.95
0.523***
(0.047)

IV
Marginal Eff

0.05
0.463
(0.752)

0.10
0.559*
(0.331)

0.15
0.615**
(0.301)

0.20
0.577**
(0.277)

0.25
0.550*
(0.309)

0.30
0.559*
(0.320)

0.35
0.530**
(0.249)

0.40
0.471
(0.317)

0.45
0.255
(0.167)

IV
Marginal Eff

0.50
0.293**
(0.149)

0.55
0.177**
(0.071)

0.60
0.043
(0.053)

0.70
0.033
(0.068)

0.75
0.036
(0.096)

0.80
0.086
(0.112)

0.85
0.208*
(0.113)

0.90
0.415**
(0.171)

0.95
0.229
(0.206)

Notes: Delta method standard errors in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

4-21

 300
15,000

4-3

15-65
Employment by Industry/Population (15-65 years old <=12 years of schooling)

fixed effects
s.e.
elasticity
Arellano & Bond
s.e.
elasticity

fixed effects
s.e.
elasticity
Arellano & Bond
s.e.
elasticity

Employment/
Population
0.054
(0.083)
0.063
0.041
(0.134)
0.047

LFP

Agriculture
-0.020
(0.070)
-0.023
-0.016
(0.119)
-0.018

Unpaid family
workers
0.284
(0.195)
0.949
-0.136
(0.185)
-0.456

Manufacturing

Construction

Wholesale/ Retail

Hotels/ Restaurants

0.583***
(0.224)

-0.457***
(0.124)

-0.052
(0.063)

-0.031
(0.070)

-0.009
(0.046)

0.101
(0.235)

-0.387***
(0.150)

0.129
(0.089)

0.018
(0.143)

0.055
(0.080)

Large firms
100+
0.091
(0.081)
1.232
0.160
(0.143)
2.166

Logarithm of
weekly hours
-0.048
(0.221)
-0.048
-0.182
(0.195)
-0.182

Self-employed
-0.029
(0.139)
-0.091
0.430***
(0.148)
1.328

Small firms
Less than 10
0.144
(0.114)
0.891
0.013
(0.191)
0.082

Medium firms
10-99
-0.442***
(0.098)
-4.390
-0.475**
(0.188)
-4.719

Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

4-22

4-4

15-24
Employment by Industry/Population (15-24 years old <=12 years of schooling)

fixed effects
s.e.
elasticity
Arellano & Bond
s.e.
elasticity

Employment/
Population
-0.287**
(0.137)
-0.343
-0.496*
(0.259)
-0.593

fixed effects
s.e.
elasticity
Arellano & Bond
s.e.
elasticity

LFP

0.973**
(0.394)

-1.166***
(0.334)

0.069
(0.095)

0.115
(0.193)

Hotels/
Restaurants
0.002
(0.072)

0.346
(0.421)

-0.930***
(0.305)

0.535***
(0.191)

0.389
(0.244)

-0.004
(0.216)

Agriculture
-0.173
(0.125)
-0.198
-0.299
(0.239)
-0.343

Manufacturing

Construction

Wholesale/ Retail

Unpaid family
Small firms Medium firms Large firms
Self-employed
workers
Less than 10
10-99
100+
0.976***
0.107
0.177
-0.758***
-0.443*
(0.359)
(0.150)
(0.204)
(0.155)
(0.241)
2.226
1.224
0.890
-5.522
-3.689
0.258
0.191
0.720*
-1.020***
-0.100
(0.353)
(0.278)
(0.407)
(0.340)
(0.319)
0.589
2.190
3.612
-7.429
-0.832

Logarithm of weekly
hours
-0.074
(0.270)
-0.074
-0.636**
(0.296)
-0.636**

Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

4-23

 300
15,000

4-5

25-55
Employment by Industry/Population (25-55 years old <=12 years of schooling)

fixed effects
s.e.
elasticity
Arellano & Bond
s.e.
elasticity

fixed effects
s.e.
elasticity
Arellano & Bond
s.e.
elasticity

Employment/
Population
0.079
(0.074)
0.088
0.146
(0.103)
0.163

LFP

0.555**
(0.228)

-0.332***
(0.109)

-0.096
(0.074)

-0.025
(0.066)

Hotels/
Restaurants
-0.034
(0.052)

0.072
(0.237)

-0.308**
(0.153)

0.012
(0.092)

0.044
(0.137)

0.013
(0.097)

Agriculture
-0.007
(0.064)
-0.008
0.095
(0.098)
0.106

Unpaid family
workers
0.235
(0.188)
0.904
-0.128
(0.207)
-0.493

Self-employed
-0.095
(0.144)
-0.258
0.503***
(0.149)
1.364

Manufacturing

Small firms
Less than 10
0.077
(0.121)
0.493
-0.138
(0.216)
(0.878)

Construction

Medium firms
10-99
-0.414***
(0.102)
-4.262
-0.404**
(0.193)
-4.156

Wholesale/ Retail

Large firms
100+
0.250***
(0.064)
3.652
0.168
(0.127)
2.449

Logarithm of
weekly hours
-0.046
(0.229)
-0.046
-0.027
(0.191)
-0.027

Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

4-24

4-6

56-65
Employment by Industry/Population (56-65 years old <=12 years of schooling)

fixed effects
s.e.
elasticity
Arellano & Bond
s.e.
elasticity

Employment/
Population
0.226
(0.238)
0.289
0.309
(0.250)
0.395

fixed effects
s.e.
elasticity
Arellano & Bond
s.e.
elasticity

LFP

0.071
(0.190)

-0.011
(0.100)

0.105
(0.119)

-0.333**
(0.143)

Hotels/
Restaurants
0.094
(0.114)

-0.276
(0.416)

-0.029
(0.190)

0.491
(0.549)

-0.368
(0.263)

0.141
(0.212)

Small firms
Less than 10
0.112
(0.186)
0.892
0.081
(0.527)
0.651

Medium firms
10-99
-0.086
(0.128)
-1.800
0.202
(0.262)
4.225

Agriculture
0.292
(0.233)
0.372
0.332
(0.245)
0.423

Unpaid family
workers
-0.081
(0.173)
-0.391
-0.752**
(0.370)
-3.636

Manufacturing

Self-employed
-0.068
(0.229)
-0.120
-0.002
(0.394)
-0.004

Construction

Wholesale/ Retail

Large firms
100+
0.063
(0.064)
4.055
0.095
(0.132)
6.114

Logarithm of
weekly hours
0.051
(0.261)
0.051
0.021
(0.404)
0.021

Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

4-25

 300
15,000

4-7

4-3 4-6 .. 2529-2553

Employment/Population ratio
Labour force participation
Share of employment:
Agriculture and fishery
Manufacturing
Construction
Wholesale/Retail trade
Hotels/Restaurants
Share of employment status:1
Unpaid family workers
Self-employed
Private firm - less than 10
Private firm - 10-99
Private firm - 100 plus
Log weekly hours
Log provincial minimum
Log prime age hourly wage2
Prime age unemployment rate2
Share of teenagers
Share of 56-65 year-olds

15-65
4-3
0.871
(0.052)
0.886
(0.047)

15-24
4-4
0.836
(0.082)
0.872
(0.070)

25-55
4-5
0.892
(0.048)
0.903
(0.044)

56-65
4-6
0.781
(0.113)
0.785
(0.113)

0.529
(0.277)
0.138
(0.120)
0.050
(0.027)
0.128
(0.063)
0.049
(0.041)

0.493
(0.295)
0.199
(0.177)
0.051
(0.040)
0.127
(0.075)
0.052
(0.050)

0.524
(0.274)
0.130
(0.115)
0.053
(0.029)
0.129
(0.063)
0.049
(0.040)

0.622
(0.273)
0.067
(0.058)
0.031
(0.033)
0.142
(0.098)
0.047
(0.056)

0.299
(0.148)
0.324
(0.078)
0.162
(0.074)
0.101
(0.076)
0.074
(0.099)
3.915
(0.106)
3.026
(0.120)
4.480
(0.246)
0.017
(0.031)
0.081
(0.049)
0.088
(0.024)

0.438
(0.249)
0.087
(0.055)
0.199
(0.106)
0.137
(0.111)
0.120
(0.150)
3.895
(0.128)
3.026
(0.120)
3.695
(0.314)
0.013
(0.019)
0.081
(0.049)
0.088
(0.024)

0.260
(0.115)
0.369
(0.092)
0.157
(0.073)
0.097
(0.073)
0.068
(0.096)
3.925
(0.103)
3.026
(0.120)
4.480
(0.246)
0.017
(0.031)
0.081
(0.049)
0.088
(0.024)

0.207
(0.075)
0.564
(0.112)
0.125
(0.080)
0.048
(0.050)
0.016
(0.030)
3.867
(0.133)
3.026
(0.120)
3.695
(0.314)
0.013
(0.019)
0.081
(0.049)
0.088
(0.024)

Notes: Standard deviations in parentheses.

(1) 2529
(2) log 25-55 6

4-26

 5
15,000
.
15,000





5.1

5.1

: ( 3)

 300
15,000

5.1
Lifetime Income
3 31 .. 2523 .. 2553
25-34 .. 2523
( ) 3

()
55-64 .. 2553

( 5.2)
( 5.4) ()





()
.. 2553
55-64 34,000
10,000 34,000

5.2

5-2

 5
15,000

5.3

5.4

5-3

 300
15,000

5.5

5.6

5-4

 5
15,000

5.7

5.1-5.3

5
50


20


5.1 5.2
.. 2550

5-5

 300
15,000

5.1

2550

2,704,120
5,455,320
6,738,629

2,698,664
5,514,674
6,636,865

5,402,784
10,969,994
13,375,494

5,847,442
11,357,787
13,936,993

3,209,153
5,822,186
7,783,587

3,559,954
5,589,390
7,939,857

6,769,107
11,411,576
15,723,444

7,150,580
12,070,674
16,361,130

5.2

2550

1,225,487
6,579,496
12,632,362

56,094
194,181
195,421

1,281,581
6,773,677
12,827,783

1,793,123
8,989,000
16,702,432

2,929,735
8,920,003
14,444,672

145,213
196,830
196,830

3,074,948
9,116,834
14,641,502

4,125,725
12,089,342
19,295,879

5.3

909,274
1,731,835
2,129,025

314,820
1,490,353
2,830,916

34.62
86.06
132.97

1,106,039
1,864,972
2,484,745

701,445
2,001,971
3,306,553

63.42
107.35
133.07

:
:

5-6

 5
15,000

5.3

9
3 35

1.7
1.5 86

5.2

10
( 3 ) 3
2


.. 2553 3
1 OLS Mincer (1974)
ln (earning)i = a1 + a2sexi + a3yoei + a4expri + a5expri 2 + a6regi + a7occupi + a8gov i + ei
earning
sex 1
yoe
expr ()
expr2 expr2
reg (reg_2) (reg_3) (reg_4)
(reg_5)
occup 9
(occup_2) (occup_3) (occup_4)
(occup_5)
(occup_6) (occup_7)
(occup_8) (occup_9)

5-7

 300
15,000

5-1






5-2

(occup_2)
(occup_5) (occup_9)


2 Match
Abadie and Imbens (2002) Average Treatment Effect (SATE)
Average Treatment Effect for the Treated (SATT) Abadie et
al. (2004)
SATE

Yi(1) Yi(0) Match

sex yoe expr expr2 observable covariates SATE
6 ( occup 6-9 )
Average Treatment Effect on the Treated
treatment ( Wi=1)

5-3 5-4
5-3

5-8

 5
15,000

5-4

5.3 15,000
20 .. 2554
(..)

15,000
9,000

1

5.4

:
:

.
.

1 2554
6,410 - 6,800
7,670 - 8,140
9,140 - 9,670
12,600 - 13,360
17,010 - 18,040

1 2555
7,620 - 8,080
9,300 - 9,860
11,680 - 12,390
15,300 - 16,220
19,000 - 20,140

1 2556
9,000 - 9,900
10,500 - 11,550
15,000 - 16,500
17,500 - 19,250
21,000 - 23,100

: 10 .. 2555 1 .. 2556 1
.. 2557.
: (..)

(Growth)
( 5.4 5.5)

1

10 .. 2555 15,000 1
.. 2557

5-9

 300
15,000

5.5 .. 2554 .. 2556

:

54-55
55-56
18.9
20.3
21.2
15.0
28.0
30.8
21.4
16.5
11.7
12.6

: (..)

.. 2554 3 ( 5.6)
1.5 6
. . 2
30-49 40
10

5.6 .. 2554
:

()
.
15-19
893
20-29
24,479
30-39
13,961
40-49
31,433
50-59
18,804
60+
501

90,071

.
481
50,705
42,603
19,210
11,828
516
125,343

122
171,692
223,132
136,074
126,700
2,121
659,841

7,098
214
42,034
868
33,824
2,967
28,114
1,219
1,434
471
112,504
5,739

5,803
73,750
120,380
176,481
140,802
13,316
530,531

7,299
327,937
442,978
399,990
327,467
18,359
1,524,030

: 3 .. 2554

5.7 .
13,650 .
19,000 39

40-49 2

5-10

 5
15,000

5.7

.. 2554
:

()
15-19
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60+

.
6,589.58
7,695.30
9,966.64
16,948.40
19,108.18
8,000.00
13,649.93

.
4,964.47
6,889.05
8,979.37
12,952.25
19,307.51
22,297.42
9,756.71

6,000.00
11,493.79
13,417.62
22,289.34
35,199.73
35,297.96
18,998.05

12,498.08
20,000.00
17,602.56
26,224.51
29,389.49 216,977.71
39,843.08
40,700.93
33,059.45
60,000.00
26,579.09 130,463.92

6,541.78
5,774.29
6,913.69
8,073.86
11,887.46
8,244.17
8,490.59

6,434.54
9,239.31
11,536.77
17,193.78
24,097.17
15,023.91
15,243.54

: 3 .. 2554

.. 2554 (
5.8)
.. 2554 3 5.8

.. 2554 5
8
5.8

.. 2554
:

()
15-19
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60+

.
126
4,022
2,971
11,374
7,671
86
26,248

.
51
7,457
8,167
5,312
4,875
246
26,109

16
42,131
1,894
91
63,918
15,797
486
64,752
21,223
13,745
95,214
23,915
1,059
1,598
1,012
603
267,629
63,840
15,985

810
9,092
17,768
30,420
35,734
2,344
96,169

1,003
64,687
109,107
146,827
168,468
5,889
495,980

: 3 .. 2554
.. 2554

10 5.9 3.5
24,000

5-11

 300
15,000

5.9

50 60
.. 2554
:

()

. .
19,305
12,344
18,820
19,433

128,821
35,201

29,549
1,690
39,514
46,077

154,118 345,826
11,573 23,615

: .. 2554, 3 .. 2554

(.)

5.9
24 .. 2555 25 .. 2556 ( 5.10)
5.10 .
:

.
.

()

2554

2555
1,312
1,305
13,381
3,192
799
4,808
24,799
4.53

2556
1,560
1,582
17,123
3,876
893
5,715
30,748
23.99

1,877
1,820
22,396
4,516
1,005
6,876
38,490
25.18

100-2,700
100-3,320


. . .
.
.. . .
.

5-12

 5
15,000

. .

1. (top up)
.

.
2.
(Performance-Based Payment)
3. 10,000
() 300,000
5

5-13

 300
15,000

Abadie, Alberto, David Drukker, Jane Beber Herr, and Guido W. Imbens. (2004).
Implementing matching estimators for average treatment effects in Stata, The Stata
Journal, 4(3), 290-311.
Abadie, A. and G. Imbens. (2002). Simple and bias-corrected matching estimators. Technical
report, Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley.
Mincer, Jacob A. (1974). Schooling, Experience, and Earnings. New York: National Bureau of
Economic Research.

, .. 2523-2554.
, 2555. .. 1008./ 3.
http://www.ocsc.go.th/ocsc/th/uploads/circular/ccl0000650.pdf (
21 .. 2555).

5-14

 5
15,000

5-1

15,000
5-1

1 ()

sex
yoe
expr
expr2
reg_2
reg_3
reg_4
reg_5
occup_2
occup_3
occup_4
occup_5
occup_6
occup_7
occup_8
occup_9
gov
reg_2Xgov
reg_3Xgov
reg_4Xgov

1
-0.093**
0.0098
0.118**
0.0019
0.054**
0.0013
-0.000**
0.000
-0.126**
0.0256
-0.157**
0.0257
-0.149**
0.0255
-0.130**
0.0264
0.445**
0.0185
0.321**
0.0205
0.144**
0.021
0.138**
0.0216
-0.083**
0.0409
0.071*
0.0401
0.120**
0.0287
0.018

2
-0.163**
0.0066
0.061**
0.0012
0.030**
0.0008
-0.000**
0.000
-0.251**
0.0113
-0.548**
0.0132
-0.592**
0.0136
-0.327**
0.0132
-0.407**
0.0286
-0.529**
0.0254
-0.661**
0.0258
-0.856**
0.0254
-1.150**
0.027
-0.910**
0.025
-0.765**
0.025
-1.080**

3
-0.159**
0.0057
0.081**
0.0011
0.042**
0.0007
-0.001**
0.000
-0.247**
0.0107
-0.480**
0.0118
-0.492**
0.0119
-0.316**
0.012
0.128**
0.0163
-0.081**
0.017
-0.245**
0.0172
-0.344**
0.0171
-0.652**
0.0196
-0.419**
0.0173
-0.266**
0.0174
-0.569**

4
-0.156**
0.0056
0.081**
0.0011
0.042**
0.0007
-0.001**
0.000
-0.247**
0.0114
-0.564**
0.0132
-0.594**
0.0136
-0.317**
0.0132
0.134**
0.0162
-0.074**
0.0169
-0.228**
0.0171
-0.327**
0.017
-0.638**
0.0196
-0.400**
0.0172
-0.259**
0.0173
-0.551**

0.0239

0.0253

0.0172
0.133**

0.0171
-0.061**

0.008

0.0295
0.060*
0.0313
0.349**
0.0322
0.360**
0.032

5-15

 300
15,000
1

reg_5Xgov
constant

6.959**
9.293**
8.414**
0.0468
0.0358
0.0273

9239
23680
32919
R2
0.633
0.484
0.588
: standard errors ** 0.05 level of significant * 0.10 level of significant

5-1
sex
yoe
expr
expr2
reg_2
reg_3
reg_4
reg_5
occup_2
occup_3
occup_4
occup_5
occup_6
occup_7
occup_8
occup_9

5-16

4
0.108**
0.0328
8.421**
0.0273
32919
0.594

()
5
-0.161**
0.0057
0.079**
0.0011
0.042**
0.0007
-0.001**
0.000
-0.237**
0.0106
-0.468**
0.0118
-0.475**
0.0119
-0.304**
0.012
-0.378**
0.0288
-0.459**
0.0255
-0.578**
0.0258
-0.741**
0.0252
-1.051**
0.0267
-0.808**
0.0248
-0.647**
0.0249
-0.979**

6
-0.158**
0.0057
0.000
0.000
0.042**
0.0007
-0.001**
0.000
-0.245**
0.0107
-0.478**
0.0119
-0.490**
0.012
-0.315**
0.0121
0.136**
0.0167
-0.080**
0.017
-0.243**
0.0172
-0.343**
0.0171
-0.650**
0.0197
-0.417**
0.0173
-0.265**
0.0174
-0.568**

7
-0.143**
0.0056
0.078**
0.0011
0.0341
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.244**
0.0105
-0.466**
0.0116
-0.482**
0.0117
-0.313**
0.0118
0.200**
0.0162
-0.023
0.0168
-0.173**
0.017
-0.309**
0.0169
-0.590**
0.0194
-0.364**
0.0171
-0.225**
0.0171
-0.523**

 5
15,000

gov
occup_2Xgov

0.025
-0.479**
0.029

0.0172
0.179**
0.0216

0.017
-0.287**
0.0188

0.771**
0.0348
0.614**
0.0341
0.511**
0.0341
0.666**
0.0342
0.730**
0.0522
0.656**
0.0511
0.556**
0.0398
0.760**
0.0342

occup_3Xgov
occup_4Xgov
occup_5Xgov
occup_6Xgov
occup_7Xgov
occup_8Xgov
occup_9Xgov
govXyoe

-0.004**
0.0017

govXexpr

0.023**
0.0017
-0.000**
0.000
8.485**
0.0275
32919
0.602

govXexpr2
constant

8.810**
0.0327
32919
0.595

R2

8.400**
0.028
32919
0.588

: standard errors ** 0.05 level of significant * 0.10 level of significant

5-2

2 ( )

sex
yoe
expr
expr2

-0.032**
0.011
0.130**
0.0064
0.058**
0.0018
-0.000**
0

-0.185**
0.0209
0.263**
0.0172
0.039**
0.003
-0.001**
0.0001

-0.079**
0.0105
0.146**
0.0067
0.050**
0.0016
-0.000**
0

-0.076**
0.0104
0.148**
0.0066
0.050**
0.0016
-0.000**
0

5-17

 300
15,000

reg_2
reg_3
reg_4
reg_5
occup_2
occup_3
occup_4
occup_5
occup_6
occup_7
occup_8
occup_9
gov

-0.121**
0.0291
-0.119**
0.029
-0.101**
0.0288
-0.123**
0.0299
0.080**
0.0212
-0.046*
0.0256
-0.238**
0.0259
-0.231**
0.0319
-0.451**
0.1884
-0.539**
0.0991
-0.600**
0.096
-0.549**
0.1023

-0.236**
0.0253
-0.466**
0.0344
-0.512**
0.0368
-0.453**
0.0334
-0.334**
0.0353
-0.395**
0.0356
-0.480**
0.0377
-0.665**
0.0449
-0.635**
0.21
-0.797**
0.0615
-0.596**
0.0714
-1.095**
0.0778

-0.269**
0.018
-0.335**
0.0196
-0.327**
0.0195
-0.348**
0.0202
-0.067**
0.019
-0.221**
0.0215
-0.357**
0.0223
-0.449**
0.0269
-0.496**
0.141
-0.619**
0.0468
-0.460**
0.0533
-0.891**
0.0581
-0.040**
0.0127

-0.260**
0.0216
-0.478**
0.0295
-0.547**
0.0314
-0.475**
0.0286
-0.061**
0.0188
-0.218**
0.0213
-0.347**
0.0221
-0.423**
0.0268
-0.481**
0.1398
-0.600**
0.0464
-0.466**
0.0529
-0.875**
0.0576
-0.286**
0.0362
0.138**
0.0402
0.357**
0.0449
0.440**
0.0458
0.348**
0.0451
7.300**
0.1156
8251
0.531

reg_2Xgov
reg_3Xgov
reg_4Xgov
reg_5Xgov
constant

6.957**
5.927**
7.285**
0.1192
0.29
0.1167

5571
2680
8251
R2
0.614
0.45
0.522
: standard errors ** 0.05 level of significant * 0.10 level of significant

5-18

 5
15,000

5-2 ()
sex
yoe
expr
expr2
reg_2
reg_3
reg_4
reg_5
occup_2
occup_3
occup_4
occup_5
occup_6
occup_7
occup_8
occup_9
gov
occup_2Xgov
occup_3Xgov
occup_4Xgov
occup_5Xgov
occup_6Xgov
occup_7Xgov

5
-0.086**
0.0105
0.150**
0.0066
0.050**
0.0016
-0.000**
0.000
-0.264**
0.0179
-0.330**
0.0195
-0.319**
0.0194
-0.339**
0.0202
-0.320**
0.0301
-0.373**
0.0298
-0.441**
0.0312
-0.643**
0.0375
-0.576**
0.1808
-0.752**
0.0524
-0.525**
0.061
-1.081**
0.0668
-0.316**
0.0342
0.401**
0.0383
0.291**
0.0411
0.171**
0.0416
0.372**
0.052
0.108
0.285
0.161
0.1268

6
-0.079**
0.0104
0.000
0.000
0.050**
0.0016
-0.000**
0.000
-0.254**
0.018
-0.322**
0.0196
-0.311**
0.0194
-0.334**
0.0202
-0.065**
0.0189
-0.212**
0.0214
-0.353**
0.0222
-0.440**
0.0268
-0.483**
0.1403
-0.606**
0.0465
-0.441**
0.0531
-0.879**
0.0579
2.369**
0.261

7
-0.078**
0.0103
0.146**
0.0065
0.044**
0.002))
0.000
0.000
-0.276**
0.0177
-0.344**
0.0193
-0.337**
0.0192
-0.358**
0.0199
-0.080**
0.0187
-0.228**
0.0212
-0.366**
0.0219
-0.471**
0.0266
-0.509**
0.1387
-0.629**
0.046
-0.485**
0.0525
-0.901**
0.0572
-0.274**
0.028

5-19

 300
15,000
occup_8Xgov
occup_9Xgov
govXyoe

5
-0.122
0.1274
0.472**
0.1368

-0.149**
0.0161

govXexpr
govXexpr2
constant

7.367**
5.320**
0.1159
0.2423

8251
8251
R2
0.53
0.526
: standard errors ** 0.05 level of significant * 0.10 level of significant

5-20

0.014**
0.0032
0.000
0.0001
7.426**
0.1163
8251
0.537

 5
15,000

5-3

Average Treatment Effect

-0.176**
0.082
308

0.202
0.135
343

0.067
0.062
1101

-0.115**
0.034
1178

0.039
0.063
1348

0.054
0.036
8022

0.008
0.048
520

0.187**
0.059
675

0.302**
0.044
3027

0.051
0.046
512

0.266**
0.056
762

0.426**
0.05
2454

-0.012
0.051
437

0.08
0.082
832

0.183**
0.049
2890

-0.107**
0.021
2955

0.058
0.037
3960

0.142**
0.022
17494

SATE
s.e.
N

0.097
0.205
137

SATE
s.e.
N

-0.709**
0.089
353

SATE
s.e.
N

-0.715**
0.138
185

SATE
s.e.
N

-0.442**
0.138
355

SATE
s.e.
N

-0.169
0.158
167

SATE
s.e.
N

-0.672**
0.051
1197

-0.238**
-0.135
0.082
0.087
283
391

0.189**
-0.129**
0.051
0.038
1147
1190

0.280**
0.189**
0.084
0.07
954
474

0.309**
0.288**
0.078
0.072
1228
473

0.563**
0.033
0.08
0.077
748
425

0.133**
-0.107**
0.031
0.025
4360
2953

5-21

 300
15,000

5-3

()

SATE
-0.058
-0.272**
-0.138
s.e.
0.184
0.081
0.117
N
123
262
258

SATE
-0.326**
0.160**
-0.223**
s.e.
0.147
0.051
0.051
N
215
1083
406

SATE
-0.465**
0.282**
0.071
s.e.
0.141
0.086
0.094
N
111
916
264

SATE
-0.258
0.301**
0.356**
s.e.
0.205
0.079
0.096
N
175
1191
207

SATE
-0.085
0.565**
0.014
s.e.
0.227
0.084
0.111
N
95
689
201

SATE
-0.469**
0.122**
-0.133**
s.e.
0.067
0.031
0.028
N
719
4141
1336
: ** 0.05 level of significant * 0.10 level of significant

5-22

-0.245**
0.121
143

-0.254
0.26
63

0.255
0.238
40

-0.183**
0.04
444

0.1
0.096
118

-0.267
0.208
105

-0.046
0.071
261

0.073
0.16
102

0.176
0.242
42

-0.018
0.061
256

0.420**
0.101
125

-0.068
0.199
38

-0.155**
0.07
205

0.15
0.116
80

-0.055
0.338
33

-0.200**
0.025
1309

0.078
0.057
488

-0.203
0.128
258

 5
15,000

5-4

Average Treatment Effect for the Treated

SATT
s.e.
N

-0.396*
0.208
137

SATT
s.e.
N

-0.590**
0.109
353

SATT
s.e.
N

-0.716**
0.168
185

SATT
s.e.
N

-0.446**
0.151
355

SATT
s.e.
N

-0.139
0.187
167

SATT
s.e.
N

-0.684**
0.061
1197

-0.147*
-0.186*
0.082
0.096
283
391

0.247**
-0.089**
0.057
0.039
1147
1190

0.290**
0.237**
0.089
0.085
954
474

0.312**
0.424**
0.081
0.07
1228
473

0.607**
0.137
0.088
0.098
748
425

0.163**
-0.033
0.033
0.026
4360
2953

-0.146
0.100
308

0.062
0.185
343

-0.004
0.061
1101

-0.115**
0.034
1178

0.267**
0.06
1348

0.121**
0.026
8022

-0.035
0.056
520

0.334**
0.071
675

0.365**
0.04
3027

0.061
0.054
512

0.450**
0.059
762

0.530**
0.048
2454

-0.011
0.063
437

0.184**
0.062
832

0.264**
0.04
2890

-0.109**
0.021
2955

0.231**
0.030
3960

0.211**
0.017
17494

5-23

 300
15,000

5-4

()

SATT
-0.396*
-0.128
-0.306**
s.e.
0.208
0.086
0.102
N
123
262
258

SATT
-0.095
0.233**
-0.228**
s.e.
0.166
0.057
0.056
N
215
1083
406

SATT
-0.387**
0.290**
0.063
s.e.
0.149
0.090
0.111
N
111
916
264

SATT
-0.272
0.304**
0.409**
s.e.
0.226
0.081
0.107
N
175
1191
207

SATT
-0.092
0.607**
0.039
s.e.
0.261
0.089
0.148
N
95
689
201

SATT
-0.407**
0.155**
-0.134**
s.e.
0.082
0.034
0.034
N
719
4141
1336
: ** 0.05 level of significant * 0.10 level of significant

5-24

-0.163
0.146
143

-0.529**
0.264
63

0.151
0.100
40

-0.205**
0.048
444

0.223**
0.109
118

-0.417**
0.159
105

-0.05
0.081
261

0.286
0.195
102

0.303
0.244
42

-0.007
0.063
256

0.451**
0.114
125

0.008
0.263
38

-0.173**
0.080
205

0.304**
0.131
80

0.386
0.262
33

-0.185**
0.028
1309

0.197**
0.072
488

-0.13
0.136
258

..
300
15,000




6.1 300
300


300

.
103


2516 12 312
4

6
1 .. 2520
1 1
1 1


.. 2541 103
.. 2544

 300
15,000

(Minimum Wage)

4 10


(Fair Wage) 300

3 (1) (2)
(3) 10
1 32
276

. 300
1.


300

6-2

300
-
3.2 29.3


-
() 300



300
- (.)
300

- (.)



.
.

- .
(Real GDP)


- 15

- 300 /
(Cost Push Inflation Effect)

6-3

 300
15,000

10


(Inflation Multiplier)

FTA
-

300



300

- (.)
300 1
0.16 (
6.4) 1.03
215 300 85 ( 2,200 /)
39.5
-
300
90
300



-
() 300
/

- 300
3

200

6-4

150 100
300 /
40,776 (17,223+23,553 ) ( .. 2554)
.. 2555 558.6
.. 2556 502.4
.. 2556 300 1,061
2.


.. 2533-2540
40 3
(Real Minimum Wage)

1.
(domestic demand)
2. (Vulnerable Sector)
3.
4.

5. Big Push
(Growth Engine)
6. (Productivity)
(Imbalance)

7.
5 Growth Catch-Up

8. AEC
AEC
( Decile 6th ) (
)

6-5

 300
15,000

3.

10

35
Spill Over 60






15-65

15-24




6.2 15,000
15,000


.

3 31 .. 2523 .. 2553

6-6

()

()




.. 2550

.
2

1








2

6-7

 300
15,000

. 15,000

100-2,700
100-3,320

6.3 300


.

2
1) 2)
7,325
5 1)
(Productivity Improvement Loan) 2) Portfolio Guarantee
Scheme 4 (.) 3)
Portfolio Guarantee Scheme .
2 4)
5)
1)

2) 3)
1.5 1.5
300
6-8

1) 5 30
200,000 2) 40 (5)
(6) (7) (8) 500,000
1)
.. 2555 2)
3) 4)
5) 300 6)
7)
8)
9)
300 10)

.



1.
17 .. 2554

1. 40 ( 7 )
300 70 .. 2556
2. .. 2556 300
.. 2558 ( 2 )
TDRI
1) .. 2556 300 ( 299 )
7 .. 2556 293
290 292 289
287
2) 2 ( .. 2558)
.. 2556 299 286 .. 2557 274 .. 2558
8.6

2. 2 ()
2

6-9

 300
15,000

1. (2556) 2755 18
12
2. 300 7
.. 2556 311 309
313 314 317 318
3. .. 2557 300 52
(20 ) (15 ) (10 )

.. 2556 311 .. 2556 4
323
()

6.1 2 2

.. 2556
.. 2557

/ 300

27 - 55
12
1
1
4
(7 )
56 - 78
7
15
20
10
(7 + 18 = 25 )
19
16
21
14

()

18
52
70

: 6-1

300
2557 300

3. 300 2556 .. 2558

300 .. 2558
3
1. 40 ( 7
300 ) (CPI)1
()
1

CPI 2554

6-10

2. .. 2558 300
300 .. 2558 35 (
40 ) .. 2555

1) ()

2) ( )
(
)
3)
.. 2558
4) () 35
5)
6.2

300 .. 2558

7
9.09

2-20
9
11.69

()
21-40
34
44.16

41-58
27
35.06

77
100.0

: 6-2

CPI
() 300 .. 2558 (
.. 2558 ( .. 2555)

6-11

 300
15,000

.
300

1)

2)

3)
4)

5)

6) (
)
7) 300

8) 300

9)

10)

11) 300
4 300

12) 6.3
ILO

6-12

13)

14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
.




Jump Process

/

Capture

15,000

6-13

 300
15,000

6-14

6-1
300
6-1

300 .. 2556

.. 2555
300.00
300.00
300.00
300.00
300.00
300.00
300.00
273.00
269.00
269.00
265.00
264.00
259.00
258.00
257.00
255.00
255.00
254.00
252.00
251.00
251.00
250.00
250.00
246.00
246.00
244.00
243.00
243.00
241.00
241.00
241.00
241.00
241.00
240.00
240.00
240.00
240.00
239.00
239.00
239.00
237.00
237.00

300

(300 )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
27.00
31.00
31.00
35.00
36.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
45.00
45.00
46.00
48.00
49.00
49.00
50.00
50.00
54.00
54.00
56.00
57.00
57.00
59.00
59.00
59.00
59.00
59.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
61.00
61.00
61.00
63.00
63.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.89
11.52
11.52
13.21
13.64
15.83
16.28
16.73
17.65
17.65
18.11
19.05
19.52
19.52
20.00
20.00
21.95
21.95
22.95
23.46
23.46
24.48
24.48
24.48
24.48
24.48
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.52
25.52
25.52
26.58
26.58

6-15

 300
15,000

6-16

.. 2555
236.00
236.00
236.00
236.00
234.00
234.00
233.00
233.00
233.00
233.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
230.00
230.00
230.00
230.00
230.00
229.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
226.00
226.00
225.00
223.00
222.00
245.04

300

(300 )
64.00
64.00
64.00
64.00
66.00
66.00
67.00
67.00
67.00
67.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
71.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
74.00
74.00
75.00
77.00
78.00

27.12
27.12
27.12
27.12
28.21
28.21
28.76
28.76
28.76
28.76
29.31
29.31
29.31
29.31
29.31
29.31
29.31
30.43
30.43
30.43
30.43
30.43
31.00
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.74
32.74
33.33
34.53
35.14

6-2

5 (50-54)
2.40
3.41
3.76
2.62
3.87
3.92
4.38
3.98
2.50
3.85
4.58
4.58
3.70
4.32
4.00
5.50
3.75
4.27
4.45
4.28
4.37
3.81
3.99
4.83
5.29
4.20
4.37
3.21
3.85
3.21
4.69
4.85
4.95
3.38
4.42
3.89
4.54
4.81
3.89
5.10
2.94
3.86
3.96
5.60
3.87
5.60
3.33

.. 2555 300 ..2556

300
293
300
290
300
289
300
292
300
289
300
289
300
287
273
300
269
300
269
300
265
300
264
300
259
300
258
300
257
300
255
300
255
300
254
300
252
300
251
300
251
300
250
300
250
300
246
300
246
300
244
300
243
300
243
300
241
300
241
300
241
300
241
300
241
300
240
300
240
300
240
300
240
300
239
300
239
300
239
300
237
300
237
300
236
300
236
300
236
300
236
300
234
300

..2557
286
281
279
285
278
278
275
289
293
289
287
287
289
288
288
284
289
288
287
288
287
289
289
286
285
288
287
291
289
291
287
286
286
290
287
289
287
286
289
285
291
289
289
284
289
284
290

..2558
279
271
269
278
268
267
264
277
286
278
274
274
279
276
277
270
279
276
275
276
275
278
277
273
271
276
275
282
278
282
274
273
272
281
275
278
275
273
278
272
283
278
278
269
278
269
281

6-17

 300
15,000

: 5
:

6-18

5 (50-54)
4.69
4.71
4.97
4.43
4.55
5.17
4.78
3.98
5.00
5.45
4.05
4.37
5.33
4.81
5.61
4.26
6.08
3.79
4.20
5.15
5.24
4.55
4.07
4.82
5.71
5.27
5.10
4.43
5.58
5.52
4.40

.. 2555 300 ..2556

234
300
233
300
233
300
233
300
233
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
230
300
230
300
230
300
230
300
230
300
229
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
226
300
226
300
225
300
223
300
222
300
245
299

..2557
287
287
286
287
287
285
286
289
286
284
288
287
285
286
284
288
283
289
288
285
285
287
288
286
284
285
285
287
284
284
286

..2558
274
274
272
275
274
271
273
277
272
270
277
275
270
273
269
276
267
278
276
271
271
274
277
273
268
271
272
275
269
269
274

6-1
300
6-1

300 2556

2555

300

300.00
300.00
300.00
300.00
300.00
300.00
300.00
273.00
269.00
269.00
265.00
264.00
259.00
258.00
257.00
255.00
255.00
254.00
252.00
251.00
251.00
250.00
250.00
246.00
246.00
244.00
243.00
243.00
241.00
241.00
241.00
241.00
241.00
240.00
240.00
240.00
240.00
239.00
239.00
239.00
237.00
237.00

(300 )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
27.00
31.00
31.00
35.00
36.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
45.00
45.00
46.00
48.00
49.00
49.00
50.00
50.00
54.00
54.00
56.00
57.00
57.00
59.00
59.00
59.00
59.00
59.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
61.00
61.00
61.00
63.00
63.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.89
11.52
11.52
13.21
13.64
15.83
16.28
16.73
17.65
17.65
18.11
19.05
19.52
19.52
20.00
20.00
21.95
21.95
22.95
23.46
23.46
24.48
24.48
24.48
24.48
24.48
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.52
25.52
25.52
26.58
26.58

6-19

 300
15,000

6-20

2555

300

236.00
236.00
236.00
236.00
234.00
234.00
233.00
233.00
233.00
233.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
232.00
230.00
230.00
230.00
230.00
230.00
229.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
227.00
226.00
226.00
225.00
223.00
222.00
245.04

(300 )
64.00
64.00
64.00
64.00
66.00
66.00
67.00
67.00
67.00
67.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
68.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
70.00
71.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
73.00
74.00
74.00
75.00
77.00
78.00

27.12
27.12
27.12
27.12
28.21
28.21
28.76
28.76
28.76
28.76
29.31
29.31
29.31
29.31
29.31
29.31
29.31
30.43
30.43
30.43
30.43
30.43
31.00
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.16
32.74
32.74
33.33
34.53
35.14

6-2

5 (50-54)
2.40
3.41
3.76
2.62
3.87
3.92
4.38
3.98
2.50
3.85
4.58
4.58
3.70
4.32
4.00
5.50
3.75
4.27
4.45
4.28
4.37
3.81
3.99
4.83
5.29
4.20
4.37
3.21
3.85
3.21
4.69
4.85
4.95
3.38
4.42
3.89
4.54
4.81
3.89
5.10
2.94
3.86
3.96
5.60
3.87
5.60
3.33

2555
300 2556
300
293
300
290
300
289
300
292
300
289
300
289
300
287
273
300
269
300
269
300
265
300
264
300
259
300
258
300
257
300
255
300
255
300
254
300
252
300
251
300
251
300
250
300
250
300
246
300
246
300
244
300
243
300
243
300
241
300
241
300
241
300
241
300
241
300
240
300
240
300
240
300
240
300
239
300
239
300
239
300
237
300
237
300
236
300
236
300
236
300
236
300
234
300

2557
286
281
279
285
278
278
275
289
293
289
287
287
289
288
288
284
289
288
287
288
287
289
289
286
285
288
287
291
289
291
287
286
286
290
287
289
287
286
289
285
291
289
289
284
289
284
290

2558
279
271
269
278
268
267
264
277
286
278
274
274
279
276
277
270
279
276
275
276
275
278
277
273
271
276
275
282
278
282
274
273
272
281
275
278
275
273
278
272
283
278
278
269
278
269
281

6-21

 300
15,000

: 5
:

6-22

5 (50-54)
4.69
4.71
4.97
4.43
4.55
5.17
4.78
3.98
5.00
5.45
4.05
4.37
5.33
4.81
5.61
4.26
6.08
3.79
4.20
5.15
5.24
4.55
4.07
4.82
5.71
5.27
5.10
4.43
5.58
5.52
4.40

2555
300 2556
234
300
233
300
233
300
233
300
233
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
232
300
230
300
230
300
230
300
230
300
230
300
229
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
227
300
226
300
226
300
225
300
223
300
222
300
245
299

2557
287
287
286
287
287
285
286
289
286
284
288
287
285
286
284
288
283
289
288
285
285
287
288
286
284
285
285
287
284
284
286

2558
274
274
272
275
274
271
273
277
272
270
277
275
270
273
269
276
267
278
276
271
271
274
277
273
268
271
272
275
269
269
274

6-2
1
300
15,000
28 .. 2555

(..)
- ..
2

- ..

... 20 2554
18 2555 2
1 2555 1 2556
15,000
- ..

-
.. 2544

10,000 30,000 ..

- .. .
..
2554
..
.. 2

-


85
300

2

6-23

 300
15,000

- (Sectors) Vulnerable
Sectors Secure Sectors I/O
Overestimate Wage Wage

300
- 1
(Employment/Population) 0.014
40

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
3

..
.
.
.
.

(..)

6-24

25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.

..

6-25

 300
15,000

63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.

6-26

6-3
2
300
15,000
26 2555
. 1
()

1. 300
(SMEs) (
/) /

2. (Productivity)

2558

(
)

3. 300 1

2555
(Sub Contract)

4. (SMEs)

SMEs 40 %

5.

300

5.1

6,450 9,000 (
3 )
8,000 9,000
Cut Off 9,000
Cut Off 15,000

5.2 (%) Cut Off

HR

6-27

 300
15,000

5.3

5.4

(..)

1. 15,000 ..

.. 2555

2. ..
2 . 1
2 3
..

1.

( 300
)
2.

300
15,000

3. 300 15,000

4. 15,000

5.

1.
2.
3.
4.

6-28

..

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.

..
.
.

()

()
()

Miw Group
()

()

() ()

6-29

 300
15,000

43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.

6-30

SCG Chemical

Mam Manufacturing

6-4
3
300
15,000
21 .. 2555

- 10
300
20

- 15,000
15,000 15,000
15,000

-
300

(Self-Employed)

-
SMEs

- SMEs
100 10% 7% ( 0.7 )
80 Margin 20 SMEs
30 24 40 9.6
30 7.2
0.7 SMEs

6-31

 300
15,000

- 40%
15,000

-

SMEs
SMEs
SMEs
SMEs
Model of Modern SMEs
-

-

- ./.
./.
Demand

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
6-32

..
..
.
..
..
.
.
.
..


..
..
..
..

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.

..
..
..
.

..









..







..
..
..
.
..
..

..
..

..
.
..

..

()

()

()

...

()

6-33

 300
15,000

54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
6-34

.

..



..
.
..


..
..

..
..



..
..



..

..

Auto Alliance (Thailand)

(.)

()

92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.

..

..
..


..


..

..





..



..
.



.
..
..


..

..
..

()

()

()


6-35

 300
15,000

130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
6-36

.




..





.
..
..



..



..

..
..
..


..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..

(.)

Thai Carbon Fund

168.
169.
170.
171.
172.

6-37

300 15,000
..

300
15,000
.

300
.

15,000
.