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Control en el espacio de estado

CONSULTORES EDITORIALES Prof. Dr. PEDRO ALBERTOS PREZ Catedrtico de Ingeniera de Sistemas y Automtica UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA DE VALENCIA Prof. Dr. JAVIER ARACIL SANTONJA Catedrtico de Ingeniera de Sistemas y Automtica UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA Prof. Dr. SEBASTIN DORMIDO BENCOMO Catedrtico de Ingeniera de Sistemas y Automtica UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIN A DISTANCIA

Control en el espacio de estado


Segunda edicin

Sergio Domnguez Pascual Campoy Jos Mara Sebastin Agustn Jimnez


Departamento de Automtica, Ingeniera Electrnica e Informtica Industrial Escuela Tcnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales Universidad Politcnica de Madrid

Madrid Mxico Santa Fe de Bogot Buenos Aires Caracas Lima Montevideo San Juan San Jos Santiago Sao Paulo White Plains

datos de catalogacin bibliogrfica CONTROL EN EL ESPACIO DE ESTADO Domnguez, S.; Campoy, P.; Sebastin, J.M.; Jimnez, A. Pearson Educacin S.A., Madrid, 2006 ISBN 10: 84-8322-297-3 ISBN 13: 978-84-8322-297-3 Materia: Ingeniera de Control Automtico, 681.5 Formato: 170 x 240 mm. Pginas: 440

Queda prohibida, salvo excepcin prevista en la Ley, cualquier forma de reproduccin, distribucin, comunicacin pblica y transformacin de esta obra sin contar con autorizacin de los titulares de propiedad intelectual. La infraccin de los derechos mencionados puede ser constitutiva de delito contra la propiedad intelectual (arts. 270 y sgts. Cdigo Penal).

DERECHOS RESERVADOS 2006 por PEARSON EDUCACIN S.A.. Ribera del Loira, 28 28042 Madrid
CONTROL EN EL ESPACIO DE ESTADO Domnguez, S.; Campoy, P.; Sebastin, J.M.; Jimnez, A. ISBN 10: 84-8322-297-3 ISBN 13: 978-84-8322-297-3

Deposito Legal:

PRENTICE HALL es un sello editorial autorizado de PEARSON EDUCACIN S.A.

Equipo editorial Editor: Miguel Martn-Romo Tcnico editorial: Marta Caicoya Equipo de produccin: Director: Jos A. Clares Tcnico: Mara Alvear Diseo de cubierta: Equipo de diseo de Pearson Educacin S.A. Impreso por: IMPRESO EN ESPAA - PRINTED IN SPAIN
Este libro ha sido impreso con papel y tintas ecolgicos

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