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Due: 11:59pm on Monday, December 10, 2012 Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy
Question 1
Part A
Write Lewis structure for (both atoms are bonded to ).
Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all lone pairs of electrons. Include all hydrogen atoms. ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
Write the Lewis structure for (One H per O).
Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all lone pairs of electrons. Include all hydrogen atoms. ANSWER:
Correct
Part C
Write Lewis structure for (contains a bond).
Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all lone pairs of electrons. ANSWER:
Correct
Part D
Write Lewis structure for .
IMPORTANT: Include all lone pairs of electrons and show any non-zero formal charges in the correct structure. ANSWER:
Correct
Part E
Write Lewis structure for ( is bonded to ).
Correct
Part F
Write Lewis structure for .
Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all lone pairs of electrons. Include all hydrogen atoms. ANSWER:
Correct
Question 2
Bromine pentaiodide, , is used for research purposes in scientific laboratories. Clearly one would like to know quite a bit about the chemical nature of this compound. Therefore, to answer the questions in this problem, you will need to draw the Lewis structure of bromine pentaiodide.
Part A
What is the electron-domain (charge-cloud) geometry of Enter the electron-domain geometry of the molecule. ?
ANSWER: 6
ANSWER: octahedral
Correct
Part B
What is the molecular geometry of ?
Correct
Part C
Ignoring lone-pair effects, what is the smallest bond angle in Express your answer as an integer. ?
ANSWER: 90 degrees
Correct
Part D
Which choice best describes the polarity of ?
ANSWER: The molecule is polar and has polar bonds. The molecule is nonpolar and has polar bonds. The molecule is polar and has nonpolar bonds. The molecule is nonpolar and has nonpolar bonds.
Correct
Question 3
Part A
Draw Lewis structures for ethane , ethylene , and acetylene .
Draw the molecules by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all hydrogen atoms. ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in ethane? ANSWER:
Correct
Part C
What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in ethylene? ANSWER:
Correct
Part D
What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in acetylene? ANSWER:
Correct
Part E
How many bonds are there in each molecule?
Expess your answers as integers. Enter your answers in the given order separated by commas. ANSWER: ethane, ethylene, acetylene 7,5,3 bonds
Correct
Part F
How many bonds are there in each molecule?
Expess your answers as integers. Enter your answers in the given order separated by commas. ANSWER: ethane, ethylene, acetylene 0,1,2 bonds
Correct
Question 4
Part A
Indicate the hybridization of the central atom in ANSWER: .
Correct
Part B
Indicate the hybridization of the central atom in ANSWER: .
Correct
Part C
Indicate the hybridization of the central atom in ANSWER: .
Correct
Part D
Indicate the hybridization of the central atom in ANSWER: .
Correct
Question 5
Molecular orbital (MO) theory is based in quantum mechanics and treats the orbitals found in a molecule in a manner similar to atomic orbitals in an atom. It successfully accounts for or predicts certain chemical and physical properties more accurately than other bonding theories. The stability, bond length, bond order, and magnetism of a molecule can be predicted from its molecular orbital configuration. The electrons available in a molecular species are placed in molecular orbitals following the same rules used in electron configurations: the aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle.
Part A
Arrange the following in order of decreasing stability. A blank molecular orbital diagram has been provided to help you. Rank the fluorine species from most to least stable. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
For a neutral species, add the number of valence electrons for each atom present. Anions have more electrons than neutral species whereas cations have fewer electrons. For example, has 12 valence electrons, has 14 valence electrons, and has 10 valence electrons.
ANSWER: 13
ANSWER: 1.5
ANSWER: 14
ANSWER: 1.0
, how many are in bonding orbitals and how many are in antibonding orbitals?
8 in bonding and 7 in antibonding orbitals 7 in bonding and 8 in antibonding orbitals 10 in bonding and 5 in antibonding orbitals 9 in bonding and 7 in antibonding orbitals
ANSWER: 0.5
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
Which of the following diatomic species are paramagnetic and which are diamagnetic? A blank molecular orbital diagram has been provided to help you. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
Pay close attention to Hund's rule, which states that, within a set of degenerate orbitals, each gets one electron before any are paired.
ANSWER: 2
ANSWER: 1
ANSWER: 0
ANSWER:
Correct
Question 6
If we assume that the energy-level diagrams for homonuclear diatomic molecules shown in Figure 9.43 in the textbook can be applied to heteronuclear diatomic molecules and ions, predict the bond order and magnetic behavior of each of the following. Use the MO diagram from Figure 9.43 for large 2s2p interactions for parts a - d. Use the MO diagram from Figure 9.43 for small 2s-2p interactions for parts e - h.
Part A
Correct
Part B
magnetic behavior
Correct
Part C
Correct
Part D
magnetic behavior
Correct
Part E
Correct
Part F
magnetic behavior
Correct
Part G
Correct
Part H
magnetic behavior
Correct
Question 7
Identify the carbon atom(s) in the structure shown that has (have) each of the following hybridizations.
Part A
. Highlight the appropriate atoms by clicking on them. ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
. Highlight the appropriate atoms by clicking on them. ANSWER:
Correct
Part C
. Highlight the appropriate atoms by clicking on them. ANSWER:
Correct
Question 8
Alkanes are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen and have only single bonds. Straight-chain alkanes have all the carbon atoms connected in a row, branched-chain alkanes have branching connections of carbon atoms, and cycloalkanes contain rings of carbon atoms.
Part A
What is the molecular formula for the alkane shown in the model? Express your answer as a chemical formula.
Correct
Correct
ANSWER:
Correct
It is much more convenient to write than it is to draw the molecule. However, this molecular formula does not describe the structure of the molecule. A condensed structure is a way to express how the atoms are arranged without drawing the full structure. For this example, the condensed structure is .
Part B
Name the alkane shown in the model. Express your answer as the IUPAC name.
ANSWER: 5
ANSWER: pentane
Correct
Correct
Correct
Numbering the chain from right to left puts the branches at positions 2 and 3 . Numbering from left to right puts them at positions 3 and 4. In this case, numbering from right to left produces the lowest position numbers and is therefore the preferred direction.
ANSWER: 2,3-dimethylpentane
Part C
Draw the structure of the cycloalkane 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane. Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all hydrogen atoms.
First draw the cycloalkane ring. Then add the substituents to the ring at the positions given in the question.
Answer Requested
The name cyclohexane describes a cycloalkane with six carbon atoms in the ring.
Correct
ANSWER:
Correct
Question 9
Give the name or condensed structural formula, as appropriate.
Part A
Correct
Part B
2,2-dimethylpentane Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds.
ANSWER:
Correct
Part C
4-ethyl-1,1-dimethylcyclohexane Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. ANSWER:
Answer Requested
Part D
ANSWER:
Correct
Part E
Correct
Question 10
Part A
Name the following compound.
Correct
Part B
Name the following compound.
Correct
Part C
Name the following compound.
Part D
Name the following compound.
Correct
Part E
Name the following compound.
Correct
Question 11
Learning Goal: To recognize and identify specific functional groups within organic molecules. Functional groups are groups of atoms that replace atoms on hydrocarbons. Functional groups allow complex organic molecules to be built from Class Alcohols Amines Functional group Formula
simple hydrocarbon starting molecules. Some of the more important functional groups are listed in the table here.
Part A
Classify the organic compounds by the class of their functional group. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
ANSWER:
Correct
Question 12
Identify each of the functional groups in the following molecules:
Part A
Check all that apply.
ANSWER:
cis-alkene aromatic ring alcohol amine amide alkene trans-alkene ether ketone aldehyde
Correct
Part B
Check all that apply.
ANSWER: alcohol aromatic ring cis-alkene amine ketone ether alkene aldehyde trans-alkene amide
Correct
Part C
ANSWER: ketone alkene aromatic ring amine cis-alkene alcohol trans-alkene aldehyde ether amide
Correct
Part D
Check all that apply.
ANSWER:
aromatic ring aldehyde alkene amine ketone cis-alkene trans-alkene alcohol amide ether
Correct
Question 13
Learning Goal: To calculate the concentration of a solution using acidbase titration data. In an acidbase titration, an acid (or base) of known concentration is added to a base (or acid) of unknown concentration until the number of moles of and are equal, a condition called the equivalence point. Since you know the number of moles of (or ) that you added, you can determine the number of moles of For example, a solution containing 1 neutralization. A chemist needs to determine the concentration of a solution of nitric acid, indicator. She then slowly adds 0.400 that 115 of was needed to reach the equivalence point. . She puts 865 of the acid in a flask along with a few drops of (or of ) in the unknown solution. contains 2 of ionizable hydrogen atoms, and would therefore require 2 of for
to the flask until the solution turns pink, indicating the equivalence point of the titration. She notes
Solution map
In this titration, the concentration of base is known and can be used to calculate the unknown acid concentration:
Part A
How many moles of are present in 115 of 0.400 ?
ANSWER: 4.60!10"2
Correct
Part B
How many moles of are present if 4.60!10"2 of was needed to neutralize the acid solution?
look at the formula for the base, and note the number of base, or equal moles of each to reach the equivalence point?
ions per formula unit. Would you need more moles of acid, more moles of
Hint 2. Determine the relative amounts of acid and base at the equivalence point
______ ANSWER: 1, 1 1, 2 2, 1 2, 3 3, 2 of will neutralize ______ of .
ANSWER: 9.20!10"2
Correct
Part C
What is the concentration of if 9.20!10"2 are present in 865 of the solution?
is the volume in liters, what operation will give units of moles per liter?
ANSWER:
ANSWER: 0.106
Correct
Question 14
Learning Goal: To recognize what intermolecular forces are present in a given compound and which of those forces is predominant. Chemists use the term intermolecular forces to describe the attractions between two or more molecules. Dipole-dipole forces result from the attraction of the positive end of one polar molecule to the negative end of another polar molecule. Hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong type of dipole-dipole force that occurs when hydrogen is attached to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. Water is an example of a substance in which hydrogen bonding occurs. Because of oxygen's high electronegativity and the electron deficiency of the hydrogen atom, the hydrogen atoms are attracted to the lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen of another water molecule. All substances have dispersion forces, also known as London forces. These forces are very weak and are only important in the absence of any other intermolecular force. Nonpolar covalent molecules and single-atom molecules are examples of substances that lack all other intermolecular forces except for dispersion. Dispersion forces result from shifting electron clouds, which can cause a weak, temporary dipole.
Part A
What is the predominant intermolecular force in each of these compounds: water ( )? Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. ), carbon tetrachloride ( ), and hydrogen sulfide (
ANSWER:
Correct
Question 15
Learning Goal: To learn how to calculate the solubility from and vice versa.
Consider the following equilibrium between a solid salt and its dissolved form (ions) in a saturated solution: At equilibrium, the ion concentrations remain constant because the rate of dissolution of solid equilibrium constant for the dissolution reaction is equals the rate of the ion crystallization. The
is called the solubility product and can be determined experimentally by measuring the solubility, which is the amount of compound that dissolves per unit volume of saturated solution.
Part A
A saturated solution of lead(II) chloride, was found to be 1.62!10"2 . Calculate , was prepared by dissolving solid for . in water. The concentration of ion in the solution
using stoichiometry
, what concentration of ion is produced?
ANSWER: = 3.24!10"2
expression
is
ANSWER: = 1.70!10"5
Correct
Part B
The value of for silver chromate, , is . Calculate the solubility of in grams per liter.
expression
is
Hint 2. Express
If
table:
excess
0 +
0 + ? .
in terms of in terms of
= 1.31!10"4
Correct
When we know the solubility product for a substance, we can calculate its solubility, which is actually the concentration of a saturated solution. At 25 , the concentration of a saturated solution of silver chromate is or . If we add 10 of to 1 of water, only of the salt will dissolve, and the rest will stay at the bottom of the beaker.
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 93.5%. You received 14.03 out of a possible total of 15 points.