o

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i--\
J^Fl

ON

il
.\

i.,'

:--

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,.-// ry

FREDERICK E.

;ilI

Sheet

Layouts

A convenient code to identify American National standard sheet sizes and forms suested by the authors for title, parts or mateial list, and revision blocks, for use of instructors in makin$ assignments, is shown here. All dimensions are in inches. Three sizes,of sheets are illustrated: Size A, Fig. I, Size B, Fig. V, and Size C, Fig. VI. Metric size sheets are not shown. ight forms of lettering arrangements are suglested, known as Forms l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, as shown below and opposite, The total len$tih of Forms L,2,3, and 4 may be adjusted to fit Sizes A,4, 43, and A2.s a sheet of certain size plus a certain arr s Layout A-1 is a combination of Size A, Fig yout C-678 is a combinarion of Size C, 6,7, and 8, Figs. IX, X, and XL Layout A4-2 bination of Size A4 and Form 2, Fig. III, adjusted to ders, Other combinations may be employed as tructor.

Fig.

Il

Form

1 Title Btock

Fig.

III

Form 2. Title Block

Fig.

Size

A Sheet (8.50"

11.00")

Fig.

IV

Form 3. Title Block

Sheet Sizes
I

American National Standard A- 8.50" x 11.00' B-11.00'x 77.00" C-L7.00" x 22.00" D-22.00" x 34.00" E-34.00'x 44.00"

International Standard A4 - 270 mm x 297 mm A3 - 297 mm x 420 mm A2 - 420 mm x 594 mm AI - 594 mm x 841 mm A0 - 841 mm x 1189 mm (25.4 mm : 1.00")

asslgnd by"inslrucfor

Use /elfenno form

l-iA.

Size B Sheet (11.00"

17.00")

Appendix

1. Bibliography of American National Standards a2 2. Technical Trms a4 3. CAD/CAM Glossary a8 4. Abbeviations for Use on Drawings and in Text5.
American National Standard 19 Running and Sliding Fits-American National

22. Screw Threads-square and Acme 23. Woodruff Keys-American National

a52

Standard

Z.

a53

Woodruff Key Sizes for Different Shaft Diameters

a53

Standard

a23 a25 a27

6.
7. 8. 9.

Clearance Locational Fits-American National

Standard Standard Standard

Tiansition Locational Fits-American National Interference Locational Fits-American National

a28

Force and Shrink Fits-American National

Standard a29 10. InternationalToleranceGrades a31 11. Preferred Metric Hole Basis Clearance FitsAnerican National Standard a32 12. Preferred Metric Hole Basis Tiansition and Interference Fits-American National Standard
a34

25. Pratt and Whitney Round-End Keys a54 2.6. 'Washers, Plain-American National Standard a55 27. Washers, Lock-American National Standard a56 28. Wire Gage Standards a57 29. Taper Pins-American National Standard a58 30. Cotter Pins-American National Standard a59 31. Metric Equivalents a60 32. Welding Symbols and Processes-American Welding Society Standard a67 33. Topographic Symbols a64 34. Piping Symbols-AmericanNational Standard
a65

13. Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Clearance FitsAmerican National Standard a36 14. Preferred Metric Shaft Basis Tiansition and Interference Fits-American National Standard 15.
a48 Screw Threads, American National, Unified, and Metric a40

16. Twist Drill Sizes-American National Standard and

Metric

a43

17. Acme Threads, General Purpose a44 18. Bolts, Nuts, and Cap Screws-square and
Hexagon-American National Standard and Metric
a45

35. Heating, Ventilating, and Ductwork SymbolsAmerican National Standard a66 36. American National Standard Graphic Symbols for Electronic Diagram a67 37. Form and Proportion of Geometric Tolerancing Symbols a68 38. Wrought Steel Pipe and Tper pipe ThreadsAmerican National Standard a69 39. Cast-Iron Pipe Thicknesses and Weights-American National Standard a70 40. Cast-Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 125 lb-American National Standard a7L 41. Cast-Iron Pipe Screwed Fittings, 250 lb-American National Standard a72
42. Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings,

l25Ib-

19.

Cap Screws, Stotted and Socket Head-American

American National Standard a73 43. Cast-fron Pipe Flangeq Drilling for Bolts andTheir

Z).

Metric
a52

National Standard and Metric a58 Machine Screws-American National Standard and
a50

4. 6.

Lengths, 125 lb-American National Standard a74 Shaft-Center Sizes a74 45. Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Fittings, 2501b-

21. Keys-Square, Flat, Plain

Tper, and Gib Head

American National Standard a75 Cast-Iron Flanges, Drilling for Bolts and Their Lengths,250 lb-American National Standard a76

al

a2

Appendix

Bibliogrophy of Americon Nolionol Sfondords

American National Standards Institute, L1 West 42nd St', New York, NY. 10036' For complete listing of standards, see ANSI catalog of American National Standards'
Abbreviatons Slotted and Recessed Head Machine Screws and Machine
91 2 (RL991) Head Set Screws, and Square Slotted Head Cap Screws, Slotted Headless Set Screws, ANSI/ASME B18.6.2-1995

Screw Nuts, ANSI B 18.6.3-1

Socket Cap, Shoulder, and Set Screws (Inch

Series)

Abbreviations

for Use on

Drawings and

in

Text,

ANSI/ASME Y1.1-1989
Bolts, Screws, attd Nuts
Bolts, Metric Heavy Hex,ANSI 818.2'3.6M-1979 (R1995) Bolts, Metric Heavy Hex Structural, ANSI 818'2'3'7M-1979 (R1ees) Bolts, Metric Hex, ANSI 818.2'3.5M-1979 (R1995) Bolts,Metric Round Head Short Square Neck,ANSI/ASME F18.2.2.7M-1981 (R1 995)

ANSI/ASME B18.3-1986 (R1995) Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch Series, ANSI
818.2.1-1e81 (R1e92) Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series) ANSI/ASME 8t8.2.21987 (R1e93) Tiack Bolts and Nuts,ANSI/ASME 818.10-1982 (R1992) Wood Screws, Inch Series,ANSI 818.6'1-1981 (R1991)

Dimensioning and Surface Fnislt

General Tolerances for Metric Dimensioned Products, ANSI
B,4.3-t978 (Rle94)

Bolts, Metric Round Head Square Neck, ANSI/ASME

8r8.s .2.2M-r982 (R1 993) Hex Jam Nuts, Metric,ANSI 818'2'4.5M'7979 (R1990) Hex Nuts, Heavy, Metric,ANSI 818'2.4.6M-I979 (R1990)

Preferred Limits and Fits for Cylindrical Parts, ANSI 84.11967 (R1994) Preferred Metric Limits and Fits,ANSI 84.2-1978 (R1994)

Hex Nuts, Slotted, Metric, ANSI/ASME B1'8.2.4.3M-19'79

(R1ees)

Surface Txture, ANSI/ASME 846.1,-1995

Hex Nuts, Style 1, Metric, ANSI/ASME 818.2'4'lM-I979

(R1ees)

Drafting Manual (Y14)

Hex Nuts, Style 2, Metric, ANSI/ASME 8I8.2.4.2M'L979 CaP Screws

6 (R1ee3)

Decimal Inch, Drawing Sheet Size and

ANSI/ASME Y'J.4.I-1995

Casting and Forgings, ANSI/ASME Y14'BM-1989

Format,

Dimensioning and Tolerancing, ANSI/ASME Y14'5M-1994 Electrical and Electronics Diagrams, ANSI YI4"l'5-1966
(R1e88)

rBt.12-1'962
(R1ees)

Electrical and Electronics Diagrams-Supplement, ANSI Efectrical and Electronics Diagrams-supplement, ANSI
YI4.15a-1977 (R1988)

Miniature Screws,ANSI 818.11-1961 (R1992) Nuts, Metric Hex Flange, ANSI 818'2.4'4M-1982 (R1993) Plow Bolts, ANSI/ASME 818.9-1958 (R1995)
Round Head Bolts, Metric Round Head Short Square Neck,

TYPes,

and

APPlications,

ANSr/ASME 818.5.2.1M-1981 (R1995) Screws, Hexagon Socket Button Head Cap, Metric Series, ANSI/ASME 818.3.4M-1986 (R1993)

Gear and Spline Drawing Standards-Part 2,Bevel and

-1989. Revision Drawings, ANSI/ASME Y1 4.3 5M-1992

of Engineering

Screws, Hexagon Socket Head Shoulder, Metric Series, ANSI/ASME 818.3.3M-1986 (R1993) Screws, Hexagon Socket Set, Metric Series, ANSI/ASME B18.3.6M-1986 (R1e93) Screws, Metric Formed Hex,ANSI/ASME B18'2.3 '2M-\979 (R1ees) Screws, Metric Heavy Hex, ANSI/ASME 818.2'3'3M-1979 (R1ees) Screws, Metric Hex Cap, ANSI/ASME 818.2'3'IM-19'79 (R1ees) Screws, Metric Hex Flange, ANSI/ASME 818.2.3.4M-1984 (R1ees) Sciews, Metric Hex Lag, ANSI 818.2.3.8M-1981 (R1991)

Hy Gear He Line
7992

R1994)
SPur, Helical, Double

4.7.t-1971' (R1993)

NSI/ASME YL4'2M-

Mechanical Spring Representation, ANSI/ASME Y14'13M1e81 (R1e92)

Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format, ANSI/ASME Multiview and Sectional View Drawings, ANSI/ASME
Y74.3M-1994 Y14.1M-1995

Parts Lists, Data Lists, and Index Lists, ANSI/ASME

Y14.3410|4-1990

Screws,

Metric

Machine, ANSI/ASME 818'6'7M-1985

(R1ee3)

Pictorial Drawing, ANSI/ASME Y14.4M-1989 (R1994) Screw Thread Representation, ANSI/ASME Y14'6-L9'78

Screws, Socket Head Cap, Metric Series, ANSI/ASME

818.3.1M-1986 (R1993) Screws, Tapping and Metallic Drive, Inch Series, Thread Forming and Cutting. ANSI 818.6.4-1981 (R1991)

Sciew Thread Representation, Metric, ANSI/ASME

Y14.6aM-1981 (R1993)
Surface Texture Symbols, ANSI/ASME YL4.36M-I996

(R1ee3)

Appendix

a3

Gers

Basic Gear Geometry, ANSI/AGMA 115.01-1989

.ne

Gear Nomenclature-Terms, Definitions, Symbols,

and

Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, ANSIiASME 8T6.24-T991 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, CIass25,I25,

nd
5

3s)

Abbeviations, ANSI/AGM A I01Z-F90 Nomenclature of Gear-Tooth Failure Modes, ANSI/AGMA 110.04-1e80 (R198e) Design Manual for Bevel Gearing,ANSI/AGMA 2005-Bgg

Ductile Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast, ANSI/A\ryWA

c15UA27.51-9t ANSI/ASME 816.9-1993 Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, and Locknuts with pipe Threads, ANSI/ASME B16.14-1991

250, and 800,ANSI/ASME B16.1-1989 Gray Iron Threaded Fittings, ANSI/ASME 816.4-1992

Tooth Proportions for Fine-Pitch Spur and Helical Gears,

tSI
)_

Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings,

ANSI/AGMA

1OO3-G93

Graphic Symbols
Public Fire Safety Symbols, ANSI/ IFpA t7 0-1994 Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams, ANSI/rEEE 31.5-197 5 (R1994)

Flanged Ductile-Iron Pipe with Threaded ANSI/AWWA CIL' I A2T.T5 -9 4

Flanges,

Graphic Symbols for Electrical Wiring and Layout Diagrams Used in Architecture and Building
ISI

Construction, ANSI Y32.9-1972 (Rl989) Graphic Symbols for Fluid Power Diagrams, ANSI/ASME Y32.t0-re67 (R1994) Graphic Symbols for Grid and Mapping Used in Cable Television Systems, ANSI/IEEE 623-197 6 (R1989)

Malleable-Ion Threaded Fittings, ANSI/ASME 816.3-1992 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Firtings,ANSI/ASME 816.5-19g8 Stainless Steel Pipe, ANSI/ASME 836. 19M-1985 (R1994) Welded and Seamless Vy'rought Steel pipe, ANSI/ASME 836.10M-1995 Rivets

Graphic Symbols Graphic Symbols

at,
)4

for

meter and Larger),

ameter and Smaller),

Heat-Power Apparatus, ANSI Heating, Ventilating, and Air

Small Solid Rivers, Metric, ANSI/ASME 81g.1.3M_19g3
(R1ees)

Y32.2.6M-t9s0 (R1993)

for

t66

Conditioning, ANSI Y32.2. 4-1949 (R1993) Graphic Symbols for Logic Functions,ANSI/IEEE 91-I9g4 Graphic Symbols for Pipe Fittings, Valves, and piping, ANSr/ASME Y32.2.3 -r9 49 (R1994) Graphic Symbols for Plumbing Fixtures for Diagrams Used in Architecture and Building Construction, ANSI/ASME
Y32.4-1977 (R1e94)

Small Tools and Machne Tool Elements

Jig Bushings,ANSI 894.33 -1974 (R1994) Machine Thpers, ANSI/ASME 85.10-1994 Milling Cutters and End Milts,ANSI/ASME 894.19-1985 Reamers, ANSI/ASME B9 4.2-199 5

ISI
ISI
S,

Graphic Symbols for Process Flow Diagrams

in the Petroleum and Chemical Industries, ANSI y32.11-1961 (R1ee3)

T-Slots-Their Bolts, Nuts and Tongues, ANSI/ASME

Bs:1M-1985 (R1992) Twist Drills, ANSI/ASME B9 4.1tM-7993 Threads

Graphic Symbols
ss.1-1984 (Rl9e2)

for

Railroad Maps and profiles,

ng

ANSr/ASME Y 32.7 -r97 2 (R1 994)

Instrumentation Symbols and Identification, ANSI/ISA

Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics parts and Equipment, ANSI/IEEE 200-1975 (R1989) Symbols for Mechanical and Acoustical Elements as Used in Schematic Diagrams, ANSI Y32.18-1972 (R1993)

nd
ble

M-

Symbols

for

Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive

Examination, ANSI/AWS 42.4-93 Keys and Pins

Acme Screw Threads, ANSI/ASME B 1.5-1988 (R1994) Buttress Inch Screw Threads, ANSI BI.9-1973 (R1992) Class 5 Interference-Fit Thread, ANSI/ASME BI.IZ-lgg7 (R1ee2) Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch), ANSI BLZ0.3 -197 6 (R1 991) Hose Coupling Screw Threads, ANSI/ASME 81,.20.7 -1991 Metric Screw Theads-M Pofile, ANSUASME 81.13M-1995 Metric Screw Theads-MJ Profile, ANSUASME B7.2ltr'4-1n g Nomenclature, Definitions and Letter Symbols for Screw Threads, ANSI/ASME 81.7M-i984 (Ri992)

IE

IE
t78

Clevis Pins and Cotter Pins,ANSI/ASME 818.8.1-1994 Hexagon Keys and Bits (Metric Series), ANSI 818.3.2M1e79 (Rree4) Keys and Keyseats, ANSI 817.1-1967 (R1989) Pins-Taper Pins, Dowel Pins, Straight pins, Grooved pins, and Spring Pins (Inch Series),ANSI/ASME BIB.B.Z-lgg4

Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch), ANSI/ASME

8L.20.1-t983 (R1e92)
Stub Acme Threads, ANSI/ASME B 1.8-1988 (R1994)

Unified Scew Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form),

ANSI/ASME 81.1-1989
Unified Miniature Screw Threads,ANSI 81.10-1958 (R19SS)
Washers

woodruff Keys and Keyseats, ANSI BI7 .2-7967 (R1990) Pping

IE

Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings, Class 125 and 250,

ANSr/ASME 816.1s-198s (R1994)

Lock Washers, Inch, ANSI/ASME 818.21. 1-1994 Lock Washers, Metric, ANSI/ASME BI8.2LZM-1994

al

Appendix

Plain Washers, ANSI 878.22.1-1965 (R1981) Plain Washers, Metric, ANSI 818.22M-1981 Miscellaneous Knurling, ANSI/ASME 894.6-L984 (R1995) Preferred Metric Sizes for Flat Metal Products,ANSI/ASME 832.3M-1984 (R1994) Preferred Metric Equivalents of Inch Sizes for Tubular Metal Products Other Than Pipe, ANSI/ASME 832.6M1984

Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle and Hexagon Metal Products, ANSI B32.4M-1980 (R1994) Peferred Metric Sizes for Tubular Metal Products Other
Than Pipe, ANSI 832.5 -1,97 7 (R1994) Preferred Thickness for Uncoated Thin Flat Metals (Under 0.250 in.). ANSI 832.7-1952 (R1994) Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,'Waviness, and Lay),

ANSI/ASME 846.1.-1995 Technical Drawings, ISO Handbook, 12-199I

(Rlee4)

Technicol Terms
"The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right names." nmeans 4 noun; v means qvetb

-Chinese

Proverb

acme

(n)

Screw thread form.

bronze

(n) An alloy of eight or nine parts of copper

and one

ddendum

(n) Radial

distance from pitch circle to top of

part of tin.

gear tooth. allen screw (n) Special set screw or cap screw with hexagon socket in head. llowance (n) Minimum clearance between mating parts. allo1, (n) Two or more metals in combination, usually a fine metal with a baser metal. alumnum (n) A lightweight but relatively strong metal. Often alloyed with copper to increase hardness and strength. angle iron

buff (v) To finish or polish on a buffing wheel composed of fabric with abrasive powders. burnish (v) To finish or polish by pressure upon a smooth rolling or sliding tool. burr (n) A jagged edge on metal resulting from punching or
cutting. bushing (n) A replaceable lining or sleeve for a bearing. clpers (n) Instrument (of several types) for measuring diameters.
cm

anneal

(n) A structural shape whose section is a right angle. (v) To heat and cool gradually, to reduce brittleness

and increase ductility. arc-weld (v) To weld by electric arc. The work is usually the positive terminal. babbtt (n ) A soft alloy for bearings, mostly of tin with small amounts of copper and antimony. bearing (n) A supporting member for a rotating shaft. bevel (n) An inclined edgq not at right angle to joining surface. bolt circle (n) A circular center line on a drawing, contain-

(n) A rotating member for changing circular motion to reciprocating motion.

csrburize (v) To heat a low-carbon steel to approximately 2000"F in contact with material which adds carbon to the surface of the steel, and to cool slowly in preparation for
heat treatment. caseharden (v) To harden the outer surface of a carburized steel by heating and then quenching.

ing the centers of holes about a common center. bore (v) To enlarge a hole with a boring mill.
boss

(n) A cylindrical projection on a casting or a forging.

(v) To form like a castle, as a castellated shaft or nut. costing (n) A metal object produced by pouring molten metal into a mold. cast ron (n) Iron melted and poured into molds. center drill (n) A special drill to produce bearing holes in the ends of a workpiece to be mounted between centers. Also called a combined drill and countersink.
castellate
COMBINED DRILL & C SINK

BOSS

(n) An alloy of copper and zinc. braze (v) To join with hard solder of brass or zinc.
brass

chamfer (n) A narrow inclined surface along the intersection of two surfaces.

Brinell (n) A method of testing hardness of metal. broach (z) A long cutting tool with a series of teeth that
gradually increase in size which is forced through a hole or over a surface to produce a desired shape.
CHAMFER

Appendix
1d

a5

(v) To cut threads with an external cutting tool. cheek (n) The middle portion of a three-piece flask used in
chase

die casting (n) Process of forcing molten metal under pressure into metal dies or molds, producrng a very accurate
and smooth casting.

molding.

chill (v) To harden the outer surface of cast iron by quick

t),
cooling, as in a metal mold. chp (v) To cut away metal with a cold chisel.

die stampng (n) Process of cutting or forming a piece of sheet metal with a die. dog (n) A small auxiliary clamp for preventing work from
rotating in relation to the face plate of a lathe. dowel (n) A cylindrical pin, commonly used to prevent sliding between two contacting flat surfaces.

chuck (n)

mechanism

for holding a rotating tool or

workpiece.

coin (v) To form a part in one stamping operation. cold-rolled steel (CRS) (z) Open hearth or Bessemer steel containing 0.124.20% carbon that has been rolled while cold to produce a smooth, quite accurate stock. collar (n) A round flange or ring fitted on a shaft to prevent
sliding.

[*;;'
DOWEL

rb

draft (n) The tapered shape of the parts of a pattern to permit it to be easily withdrawn from the sand or, on a forging, to permit it to be easily withdrawn from the dies.

of
rth

ng

colorharden (v) Same as caseharden except that it is done to a shallower depth, usually for appearance only. cope (n) The upper portion of a flask used in molding. core (v) To form a hollow portion in a casting by using a dry-sand core or a green-sand core in a mold. corepfint (n) A projection on a pattern which forms an opening in the sand to hold the end of a core. cotter pin (n) A split pin used as a fastener, usually to prevent a nut from unscrewing. counterbore (v) To enlarge an end of a hole cylindrically with a counterbore.

DRAFT

drag (n) Lower portion of a flask used in molding. drw (v) To stretch or otherwise to deform metal. Also to
temper steel.

drill (v) To cut a cylindrical

hole with a drill.

A blind

hole

does not go through the piece.

drill press (n) A machine for drilling and other hole-forming operations. drop forge (r) To form a piece while hot between dies in drop hammer or with great pressure.
a

)ly
he :or ed ut. en
COUNTERSINK COUNTERBORE

face (v) To finish a surface at right angles, or nearly

so,

to

countersink (u) To enlarge an end of a hole conically, usually with a countersink.

the center line of rotation on a lathe. FAO (v)Finish all over. feather key (n) A flat key, which is partly sunk in a shaft and partly in a hub, permitting the hub to slide lengthwise of the shaft.

fle (v) To finish or smooth with a file. fillet (n) An interior rounded intersection between two
surfaces.

ln
s.

(n) A raised contour, as on the surface of a pulley. cyande (v) To surface-harden steel by heating in contact
crown

with a cyanide salt, followed by quenching. dedendum (n ) Distance from pitch circle to bottom of tooth
space.

at the intersection of dies or sand molds. fit (n) Degree of tightness or looseness between two mating

fin (n) A thin extrusion of metal

fit. fxture (n) A special device for holding the work in

chine tool, but not for guiding the cutting tool. flnge (n ) A relatively thin rim around a piece.

parts, as a loose fit, a snug fit, or a tight

a ma-

development (r) Drawing of the surface of an object unfolded or rolled out on a plane.

diametral ptch (n) Number of gear teeth per inch of pitch

diameter.

de (n) (1) Hardened metal piece shaped to cut oi form a required shape in a sheet of metal by pressing it against a mating die. (2) Also used for cutting small male threads. In a sense is opposite to a tap.

aG

Appendix

flash (n) Same as/in.

parts for holding the flask (n) A box made of two or more
sand in sand molding.

lthe (n) A machine used to shape metal or other materials by rotating against a tool' lug (n) An irregular projection of metal, but not round as in iit .ur" of a oss, usuatly with a hole in it for a bolt or screw. malleble casting (n) A casting that has been made less brittle and tougher bY annealing' milt (v) To remove material by means of a rotating cutter on a milling machine' mold (n) The mass of sand or other material that forms the caviyinto which molten metal is poured' MS (n) Machinery steel, sometimes called mild steel with a sal p"rc"ntage of carbon' Cannot be hardened'
neck

magasket (n) A thin piece of rubber, metal, or some other " terial, placed between surfaces to make a tight joint' gate (n) The opening in a sand mold at the bottom of the ' tp" through wtrictr ttre molten metal passes to enter the cavity or mold. graclute(v) To set off accurate divisions on a scale or dial' often grind (v) To remove metal by means of an abrasive wheel' " madeof carborundum. Use chiefly where accuracy is required' and harden (v) To heat steel above a critical temperature oil. or then quench in water het-treat (v) To change the properties of metals by heating and then cooling. diinterchangeble (adi.) Refers to a part made to limit

(v) To cut

a groove around a cylindrical piece'

nornrulize (u) To heat steel above its critical temperature and then to cool it in air.
pack-hrden (v) To carburiTe,then to caseharden' pacl (n) A slight projection, usually to provide a bearing surface around one or more holes'

mensios so that manufactured.

it will fit

any mating part similarly

jig @) A

device for guding a tool

it crttling a piece' Usually

PAD

it holds the work in Position. patten, (n)

journal (n) Portion of a rotating shaft supported by a bearing' Groove or cut made bY a saw' ked

@)

model, usually of wood, used in forming a mold fi a casting. In sheet metal work a pattern is called

a develoPment.

peen

-pckte shaft key (n) A small piece of metal sunk partly into both and hub to Prevent rotation. keyseat (n) A slot or recess in a shaft to hold a key'

(v)

To hammer into shape lvith a ballpeen hammer' (v) To clean forgings or castings in dilute sulphuric

acid.

pinion (n) The smaller of two mating gears' ptch crcle (n) An imaginary circle corresponding to the ' circumferece of the friction gear from which the spur
gear was derived. ptane (v) To remove material by means of lhe planer'

p
KEYSEAT

ammersuch as

shaft to keyway (n) A slot in a hub or portion surrounding a receive a keY.

P p p
guide.

or Polished surface
bY moving a small

ster temPlate as

knurl (v) To impress

a pattern of dents

in a turned

surface

with aknurling tool to produce a better hand grip' lap (v) To produce a very accurate finish by sliding contact i u hi,or piece of wood, leather, or soft metal impregnated with abrasive Powder.

rigid punch (v) To cut an opening of a desired shape with a through tool the pressing tool having the same shape, by the work. in water or quench (v) To immerse a heated piece of metal oil to harden it. enrack (n) A flat bar with gear teeth in a straight line to gear. gage with teeth in a

Appendix

aZ

ials

ream (v) To enlarge a finished hole slightly to give it greater accuracy, with a reamer.

srn
'ew
less

relef (n) An offset of surfaces to provide clearance for machining.

R

sprue (n) A hole in the sand leading to the gate which leads to the mold, through which the metal enters. seel castng (n) Like cast-iron casting except that in the fur_ nace sctap steel has been added to the casting.
swge

tter
the

(v) To hammer metal into shape while it is held over a swage,o die, which fits in a hole in the swage block,or anvil.

rib (n) A relatively thin flat member acting as a brace or

support.

sweat (v) To fasten metal together by the use of solder be_ tween the pieces and by the application of heat and pressure. tap (v) To cut relatively small intenal threads with a tap.
tape

ha

(n) Conical form given to a shaft or a hole. Also refers

a

to the slope of

plane surface.

taper pn (n) A small tapered pin for fastening, usually to prevent a collar or hub from rotating on a shaft.
lhm,,tnru,",r,,,')

-TAPER

PIN

rivet (v) To connect with rivets or to clench over the end of a pin by hammering.
round (n) An exterior rounded intersection of two surfaces. SAE (n) Society of Automobile Engineers. sandblst (v) To blow sand at high velocity with compressed air against castings or forgings to clean them.
scleroscope

taper reatn (n) Atapered eamer for producing accurate tapered holes, as for a taper pin.
temper (v) To reheat hardened steel to bring degree of hardness.

it to

a desired

templte or templet (n) A guide or pattern used to mark out the work, guide the tool in cutting it, or check the finished product.

scrape

(v)

(n) An instrument for measuring hardness of metals To remove metal by scraping with a hand scraper,

ga
led

tnc

usully to fit a bearing. (v) To remove metal from a piece wrth a shaper. shear (v) To cut metal by means of shearing with two blades in sliding contact. sherardize (v) To galvanize apiece with a coating ofzinc by heating it in a drum with zinc powder, to a temperature of
shape 575-850.F.

tn (n) A silvery metal used in alloys and for coating other metals, such as tin plate. tolerance (n) Total amount of variation permitted in limit
dimension of a part.

trepan(v) To cut
end of a hole.

circular groove in the flat surface at one

tumble(v) To clean rough castings or forgings in a revolving

dum filled with scrap metal. turn (v) To produce, on a lathe, a cylindrical surface parallel to the center line. twst drill (n) A drill for use in a drill press.
undercut (n) A recessed cut or a cut with inwardly sloping sides.

the

)ur

eras

shim (n) A thin piece of metal or other material used as a spacer in adjusting two parts. solder(v) To join with solder, usually composed of lead and tin. spin (v) To form a rotating piece of sheet metal into a desired shape by pressing it with a smooth tool against a rotating form.

splne (n) A keyway, usually one of a series cut around a

shaft or hole.
upset (v) To form a head or enlarged end on a bar or rod by pressure or by hammering between dies.
web

tce

all

ia
SPLINED HOLE

(n) A thin flat part joining larger parts. Also known as a ri.b.

weld

(v) Uniting metal

pieces by pressure or fusion welding

gid
rgh

spotface (r) To produce a ound spot or bearing surface around a hole, usually with a spotfacer.The spotface may be on top of a boss or it may be sunk into the surface.

Processes.

Woodruff key (z) A semicircular flar key.

wrought ron (n) Iron of low carbon content useful because of its toughness, ductility, and malleability.

ag

Appendix

3 CAD/CAM GlossorY
ccess

tme (or disk access time) One measure of system response. The time interval between the instant that data is .ll"d fo. from storage and the instant that delivery is completed-i.e., read time. See also response time.

alphanumerc (or alphameric) A term that encompasses lefters, digits, and special characters that are machineprocessable.

assocatve dmensonng A CAD capability that links dimension entities to geometric entities being dimensioned. This allows the value of a dimension to be automatically updated as the geometry changes. ttrbule A nongraphic characteristic of a part, component, or entity under design on a CAD system. Exam-

ples include: dimension entities associated

with

alphanumeric dsplay (or alphameric display) A work-station device consisting of a CRT on which text can be viewed. An alphanumeric display is capable of showing a fixed set of letters, digits, and special characters.

It allows the designer to observe entered commands and to receive messages from the system. alphanumeric keyboard (or alphameric keyboard) A workitution device consisting of a typewriter-like keyboard

geometry, text with text nodes, and nodal lines with connect nodes. Changing one entity in an association can produce automatic changes by the system in the associated entity; e.g., moving one entity can cause moving or

stretching of the other entitY. automatc dimensioning A CAD capability that computes the dimensions in a displayed design, or in a designated
section, and automatically places dimensions, dimensional lines, and arrowheads where required. In the case of mapping, this capability labels the linear feature with length and azimuth.

that allows the designer to communicate with the system using an English-like command language. Amercan Standard Code for Informton Interchange (ASCII) An industry-standard character code widely used for information interchange among data processing systems, communications systems, and associated equipment'

auxilry stotge Storage that supplements main memory devices such as disk or drum storage. Contrast with
archival storage.

analog Applied to an electrical or computer system, this de, notes the capability to lepresent data in continuously
varying physical quantities.

benchmark The program(s) used to test, compare, and evaluate in real time the performance of various CAD/CAM systems prior to selection and purchase. A
synthetic benchmark has preestablished parameters designed to exercise a set of system features and re-

annotton Process of inserting text or a special note or identification (such as a flag) on a drawing, map, or diagram constructed on a CAD/CAM system. The text can be
generated and positioned on the drawing using the system'

sources. A live benchmak is drawn from the prospective user's workload as a model of the entire
that can be stored and processed by a digitat computer. A bit may assume only ne of two values: 0 or 1 (i.e., ON/Of'f or YES/lt{O)' Bits are organized into larger units called words for access by
computer instructions. Computers are often categor\zed by word size in bits, i.e., the maximum word size that can be processed as a l6-bit comPuters or unit during a in a word is an indi32-bit compu e system' esPeciallY cation of the for calculations or for high-precision data.

applcation progrutm (or package) A computer program or collection of programs to perform a task or tasks specific to a particular user's need or class of needs. rchval storage Refers to memory (on magnetic tape, disks, printouts, or drums) used to store data on completed designs or elements outside of main memory.

,, workload. bit 'I\e smallest unit of information

rry (v) To create automatically on a CAD system an

arrangement of identical elements or components. The designer defines the element once, then indicates the starting Iocation and spacing for automatic generation of the ar:ray. (n) An arrangement created in the above manner' A series of elements or sets of elements arranged in a pat-

bt rate The speed at which bits are transmitted, usually expressed in bits per second. bits per nch (bpi) The number of bits that can be stored per inch of a magnetic tape. A measure of the data storage

tern

(i.e.,
See

matrix)
American National Standard Code for Informa'

ASCII

tion Interchange.
assembler

A computer program that converts (i.e., translates) programmer-written symbolic instructions, usually in
mnemonic form, into machine-executable (computer or binaone-to-one ry-coded) instructions.This conversion is typically (one symbolic instruction converts to one machine-executable instruction). A software programming aid'

capacity of a magnetic taPe.

btinkng A CAD design aid that makes

boot up Start uP a system.

predefined graphic en-

tity blink on the CRT to attract the attention of the designer'

*Extracted from The CAD/CAM Glossary, permsion of the publher.

1983 ed.ition,

pubtished by the Computervion Corporation, Bedfotd,

MA

01730; reproduced with

Appendix

ag

died.

B-splne A sequence of parametric polynomial curves (typ_ ically quadratic or cubic polynomials) forming u ,-ooit fit between a sequence of points in 3-D space. The piece_
wise defined curve maintains a level of mathematical con_ tinuity dependent upon the polynomial degree chosen. It is used extensively in mechanical design applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. bug A flaw in the design or implementation of a software program or hardware design that causes erroneous results o malfunctions. bulk memory A memory device for storing a large amount of data, e.g., disk, drum, or magnetic tape. It is not ran_ domly accessible as main memory is.
by

Color d various display)

guns (ra

penetration type, in which

off different coiors (refresh

ed, blue, and green

electron

tlly )o.m-

irh
)n)an

command A control signal or instruction to a CpU or graph_ ics processor, commonly initiated by means of a menu/tablet and electronic pen or by an alphanumeric keyboard. command language A language for communicating with a CAD/CAM system in order to perform specific functions or tasks,

lci-

communicaton lnk The physical means, such as a tele_

phone line, for comecting one system module or peripheral to another in a different location in order to transmit and receive data. See also datalink.

.or
Ltes

ted

nal
ap-

t1 A sequence of adjacent bits, usually eight, representing a character that is operated on as a unit. Usually shorter thn a word. A measure of the memory capacity of a system, or of an individual storage unit (as a 3O0-million_byte disk).

grh ory rith rnd

CAD See computer-aided deugn. CAD/CAM See computer-aided design/computer_aided

manufcturing.

compatblty The ability of a particular hardware module or software program, code, or language to be used in a odification. or special
es

the ability of a

sys_

CAE See computer-aided engineering. CAM See computer-aided manufacturing. cathode ray tube (CRT) 'Ihe principal component in a CAD display device. A CRT displays graphic representa_
tions of geometric entities and designs an be of vari_ "an ous types: storage tube, raster scan, or refresh. These tubes create images by means of a controllable beam of elec_ trons striking a screen. The term CrRZ is often used to de_ note the entire display device.

or software modules the system vendor provides with

onable means of transferring data, skills from the user's present sys_

ments).

compler A computer program that converts or translates

)us

'.4
de-

high-level, user-written language (e.g., pASCAL, COBOL, VARPRO, or FORTRAN) or source, into a language that

rethe :ire md 'nly

ccntral processng unt (CpU) The computer brain of

system that controls the retrieval, decoding, and processing of information, as well as the interpret_

CAD/CAM

lits
by
rits,

tsa

ior
rdially
ex-

tion and execution of operating instructions-the building blocks of application and other computer programs. A CPU comprises arithmetic, control, and logiclements. character An alphabetical, numerical, or special graphic symbol used as part of the organization, control, oi,"."_ sentation of CAD/CAM data. characters per second (cps) A measure of the speed with which an alphanumeric terminal can process data.

component A physical entity, or a symbol used in CAD to

computer-aded desgn (CAD) A process that uses a com_ puter system to assist in the creation, modification, and
disPlaY of a

chp

See integrated circuit.

design'

red
age

code A set of specific symbols and rules for representing da_ ta (usually instructions) so that the data an be under_ stood and executed by a computer. A code can be in binary (machine) language, assembly language, or a high_ level language. Frequently refers to an induitry_standrd code such as ANSI, ASCII, IpC, or Standard Code for In_

"
c

aided

manuJacturing

ation of computers into le of a product or plant.

en-

formation Exchange.

)f.

color dsplay

complex design. Color speeds up the recognition of spe_ cific areas and subassemblies, helps the designer interpret complex surfaces, and highlights interference problms.

colors to make it easier to discriminate among varioui groups of design elements on different layers of a large,

A CAD/CAM display device. Color raster_ scan displays offer a variety of user-selectable, contrasting

from the CAD/CAM design data base is used to analyze the functional characteristics of a part, product, or system under design and to simulate its performance under vari_ ous conditions. In electronic design, CAE enables users of the Computervision Designer system to detect and correct potentially costly design flaws. CAE permits the execution of complex circuit loading analyses and simulation during the circuit definition stage. CAE can be used to determin

alO

Appendix

section properties, moments of inertia, shear and bending moments, weight, volume, surface area,atd center of gravity. CAE can precisely determine loads, vibration, noise, and service life early in the design cycle so that components can be optimized to meet those criteria. Perhaps the most powerful CAE technique is finite element modeling.
See also kinematics.

usually a disk. Generally consists of information organized into a number of fixed-format record types with logical links between associated records. Typically includes operating systems instructions, standard parts libraries, completed designs and documentation, source code, graphic and application programs, as well as current user tasks in
pfogress.

computer-aided manufacturn GAM) er and digital technology to generate manufacturing-oriented data. Data drawn from a CAD/CAM data base can assist in or control a portion o all of a manufacturing process, including numerically controlled machines, computer-assisted parts programming, computer-assisted process planning, robotics, and programmable logic controllers, CAM can involve production programming, manufacturing engineering, industrial engineering, facilities engineering, and reliability engineering (quality control). CAM techniques can be used to produce process plans for fabricating a complete assembly, to program robots, and to coordinate plant operation. computer graphcs A general term encompassing any discipline or activity that.uses computes to generate, process' and display graphic images. The essential technology of CAD/CAM systems. See also computer-aided design. computer network An interconnected complex (arrange-

The use of comput-

data communcton The transmission of data (usually digital) from one point (such as a CAD/CAM workstation or CPU) to another point via communication channels such
as

telephone lines.

data lnk The communication line(s), related controls, and interface(s) for the transmission of data between two or
more computer systems. Can include modems, telephone
lines, or dedicated transmission media such as cable or op-

tical fiber.

data tablet A CAD/CAM input device that allows the

de-

signer to communicate with the system by placing an electronic pen or stylus on the tablet surface. There is a direct correspondence between positions on the tablet and addressable points on the display surface of the CRT. Tirpi-

cally used fo indicating positions on the CRT, for

digitizing input of drawings, or for menu selection. See also graphic tablet.

debug To detect, locate, and correct any bugs in a system's

software or hardware.

ment or configuration) of two or more systems. See also

network.
computer program

specific set of software commands in a

form acceptable to a computer and used to achieve a desired result. Often called a software progratn or package'

configuration A particular combination of a computer, software and hardware modules, and peripherals at a single installation and interconnected in such a way as to support
certain application(s).

connectot A termination point for a signal entering or leaving a PC board or a cabling system. convention Standardized methodology or accepted procedure for executing a computer program' In CAD, the term denotes a standard rule or mode of execution undertaken to provide consistency. For example, a drafting convention might require all dimensions to be in metric units. core (core memory) A largely obsolete term for main storage.

dedicated Designed or intended for a single function or use. For example, a dedicated workstation might be used exclusively for engineering calculations or plotting' default The predetermined value of a parameter required in a CAD/CAM task or operation' It is automatically supplied by the system whenever that value (e.g., text, height, or grid size) is not specified. densty (1) A measure of the complexity of an electronic design. For example, IC density can be measured by the number of gates or transistors per unit'area or by the number of square inches per component. (2) Magnetic tape storage capacity. High capacity might be 1600

bits/inch; low, 800 bits/inch. devce Asystem hardware module external to the CPU and designed to perform a specific function-i.e., a CRI, plotter, printer, hard-copy unit, etc, See also peripheral.

CPU

See central processing unit. See cathode ray tube.

CT

diagnostics Computer programs designed to test the status of a system or its key components and to detect and isolate malfunctions.

cursor A visual tracking symbol, usually an underline or

cross hairs, for indicating a location or entity selection on

dial up To initiate station-to-station communication with

the CRT display.A text cursor indicates the alphanumer-

ic input; a graphics cursor indicates the next geometric input. A cursor is guided by an electronic or light pen, joystick, keyboard, etc., and follows every movement of
the input device. cycle A preset sequence of events (hardware or software) initiated by a single command. data base A comprehensive collection of interrelated information stored on some kind of mass data storage device,

computer via a dial telephone, usually from a workstation to a computer. digtl Applied to an electrical or computer system, this denotes the capability to represent data in the form of digits'

dgitze (1) General description: to convert a drawing into digital form (i.e., coordinate locations) so that it can be entered into the data base for later processing. A digitizer, available with many CAD systems, implements the conversion process. This is one of the primary ways of

Appendix zed

ali

gical
rpOf-

:om-

phic
(s

in

ic pen or other device; or a single coordinate value or entity pointer generated by a digitizing operation. digitzer A CAD input device consisting of a data tablet on
which is mounted the drawing or design to be digitized in_ to the system. The designer moves a puck or electronic pen to selected points on the drawing and enters coordi_ nate data for Iines and shapes by simply pressing down the digitize button with the puck or pen.

entering existing drawings, crude graphics, lines, and shapes into the system. (2) Computervision usage: to specify a coordinate location or entity using an electron_

electrostatc plotter See dot-matrix plotter. element The basic design entity in conputer_aided design whose logical, positional, electrical, or mechanical functin is identifiable, enhsncements Software or hardware improvements, addi_
tions, or updates to a CAD/CAM system.

digIn Of

en

mitive_the fundamental building

such

and

oor
lone

di

A CAD capabiliry rhat will auto_

'opderlec-

rect
ad-

insert the dimensions of a design ted section of it. direct access (linkge) Retrieval or storage of data in the system by reference to its location on a tape, disk, or car_ tridge, without the need for processing on a CpU. d be (DVST) A graphics display device; long-lasting, flicker-tree image with limited since DVSTs do not permit selective erase.The im_ age is not as bright as with refresh or raster. Also called
storage tube.

ting a design or drawing, such as an int, spline, figure, or nodal line. Or a group of primitives processed as an identifiable unit. Thus, a square may be defined as a discrete entity consisting of four primitives (vectors), although each side of the square could be defined as an entity in its own right. See also primitive.

fe

espond to an operaly or with a message

This message regis_ sible errors, and si_

multaneously displays the updated design on the CRT. (2) The signal or data fed back to a commanding unit from a controlled machine or process to denote its response to a command. (3) The signal representing the difference be_ tween actual response and desired response and used by the commanding unit to improve performance of the con_ trolled machine or process. See also prompt.

)pi' for : al)m's

use.

limited amount of data. FIowever, display dynamics are

no refreshing. It handles an almost un_

directory A named space on the disk or other mass storage device in which are stored the names of files and some
summary information about them. dscrete components Components with a single functional capability per package-for example, transistors and diodes. dsk (storage) A device on which large amounts of informa-

figure A symbol or
ties,

ex-

a part that may contain primitive enti_ other figures, nongraphic properties, and associations. A figure can be incorporated into other parts or figures.

fle A

din
;upght,

tion can be stored in the data base. Synonymous with

vice for rapidly pre_ signer can react to it, time. Usually refers

collection of related information in the system that may be accessed by a unique name. May be stored on a disk, tape, or other mass storage media.
acci_

magnetic disk storage or magnetic disk memory.

file protection A technique for preventing access to or

d
:nic
the

dental erasure of data within a file on the system. firmwnre Computer programs, instructions, or functions im_

the etic
600 and

'lotrtus iso-

needed to generate a drawing. Because of its high speed, it is typically used in electronic design applications. Accura_ cy and resolution are not as great as with pen plotters. Al_ so known as electrostatic plotter.

plemented in user-modifiable hardware, i.e., a micro_ processor with read-only memory, Such programs or instructions, stored permanently' in programmable read_ damental part of system t a frequently used proby a single command instead of multiple commands as in a software program.

tha
lion
degits.

nto rbe igithe

drum plotter An electromechanical pen plotter that draws an image on paper or film mounted on a rotatable drum. In this CAD peripheral device a combination of plotting_ head movement and drum rotation provides the motion. dynamc (motion) Simulation of movement using CAD software, so that the designer can see on the CRI screen 3-D representations of the parts in a piece of machinery as they interact dynamically. Thus, any collision or interfer_
ence problems are evealed at a glance.

flatbed plotter A CAD/CAM peripheral device that draws an image on paper, glass, or film mounted on a flat table.
The plotting head provides all the motion.

uto-

into
ma_

dynamics The capability of a CAD system to zoom, scroll,

and rotate.

flicker An

undesired visual effect on a CRT when the e_ fresh rate is low

;of

edt To modify, refine, or update an emerging design or text on a CAD system. This can be done online interactively.

font, lne Repetitive pattern used in CAD to give a dis_

played line appearance characteristics that make it more

al2

Appendix

easily distinguishable, such as a solid, dashed, or dotted Line. can be applied to graphic images in order to provide meaning, either graphic (e.g., hidden lines) or functional (roads, tracks, wires, pipes, etc.). It can help a designer to identify and define specific graphic representations of entities that are view-dependent. For example, a line may be solid when drawn in the top view of an object but, when a line font is used, becomes dotted in the side view whee it is not normally visible.

A line font

high-level language A problem-oriented programming language using words, symbols, and command statements that
closely resemble English-language statements. Each state-

ment typically represents a series of computer instructions. Relatively easy to learn and use, a highJevel language permits the execution of a number of subroutines through a simple command. Examples are BASIC, FORTRAN,PLII, PASCAL, COBOL, C++, and JAVA.

fonf, text Sets of type faces of various styles and sizes. In CAD, fonts are used Io eate text for drawings, special
characters such as Greek letters and mathematical symbols.

A high-level language must be translated or compiled into machine language before it can be understood and
processed by a computer. See also assembler: low-level
language.
host computer The primary or controlling computer in a

FORTRAN FORmula ZiRNslation,

applications.

highJevel programming language used primarily for scientific or engineering

a

multi-

fracturing The division of IC graphics by CAD into simple trapezoidal or rectangular areas for pattern-generation
purposes.

function key A specific square on a data tablet, or

a

a key on function key box, used by the designer to enter a particular command or other input. See also data tablet. function keybord An input device located at a CAD/CAM workstation and containing a number of function keys. gp T\e gap between two entities on a computer-aided design is the length of the shortest line segment that can be drawn from the boundary of one entity to the other without intersecting the boundary of the other. CAD/CAM design-rules

computer network. Large-scale host computers typically are equipped with mass memory and a variety of peripheral devices, including magnetic tape,line printers, card readers, and possibly hard-copy devices. Host computers may be used to suppof, with their own memory and processing capabilities, not only graphics programs running on a CAD/CAM system but also related engineering analysis.

host-stellite system A CAD/CAM system configuration charactertzed by a graphic workstation with its own computer (typically holding the display file) that is connected to another, usually larger, computer for more extensive computation or data manipulation. The computer local to the display is a satellite to the larger host computer, and the two comprise a host-satellite system.

checking programs can automatically perform gap checks. graphc tablet A CAD/CAM input device that enables graphic and location instruments to be entered into the system using an electronic pen on the tablet. See also data tablet.

gray scles In CAD systems with a monochromatic display, variations in brightness level (gray scale) are employed to
enhance the contrast among various design elements. This feature is very useful in helping the designer discriminate among complex entities on different layers displayed concurrently on the CRT. grid A network of uniformly spaced points or crosshatch optionally displayed on the CRT and used for exactly locating and digitizing a position, inputting components to assist in the creation of a design layout, or constructing precise angles. For example, the coordinate data supplied by digitizers is automatically calculated by the CPU from the closest grid point. The grid determines the minimum accuracy with which design entities are described or connected. In the mapping environment, a grid is used to describe the distribution network of utility resources. hard copy A copy on paper of an image displayed on the CRT-for example, a drawing, printed report, plot, listing, or summary. Most CAD/CAM systems can automatically generate hard copy through an online printer or plotter.

.IC See integrated circuit. ,IG/9S See Initial Graphics Exchange Specification. inches per second (s) Measure of the speed of a device (i.e., the number of inches of magnetic tape that can be processed per second, or the speed of a pen plotter). Inital Grphcs Exchange Specdication (IGES) An interim CAD/CAM data base specification until the American National Standards Institute develop$ its own specification. IGES attempts to standardize communication of drawing and geometric product information between
computer systems.

initalze To set counters, switches, and addresses on a computer to zero or to other starting values at the beginning
of, or at predetermined stages in, a program or routine.

nput (data) (1) The data supplied to a computer program for processing by the system. (2)T};re process of entering
such data into the system.

input devices A variety of devices (such as data tablets or keyboard devices) that allow the user to communicate with the CAD/CAM system, for example, to pick a function from many presented, to enter text and/or numerical data, to modify the picture shown on the CRT, or to construct the desired design.

hardware The physical components, modules, and peripherals comprising a system----computer disk, magnetic tape, CRT terminal(s), plotter(s), etc.
hard-wired lnfr A technique of physically connecting two systems by fixed circuit interconnections using digital signals.

rtput/output (I/O) A term used to describe a CAD/CAM communications device as well as the process by which
communications take place in a CAD/CAM system. An

I/O device is one that makes possible communications between a device and a workstation operator or between devices on the system (such as workstations or controllers).

Appendix an-

al3

By extension, input/output also denotes the process by

which communications take place. Input refers to the data transmitted to the processor for manipulation, and output refes to the data transmitted from the processor to the workstation operator or to another device (i.e., the re-

hat
rteuc-

I/O
s

See

input/output.

See inches per second.

jaggies

vel
ou-

IC,
led

sults), Contrast with the othe major parts of a CAD/CAM system: the CPU or central processing unit,
which performs arithmetic and logical operations, and data storage devices (such as memories, disks, or tapes).

A CAD jargon term used to refer to straight or curved lines that appear to be jagged or sawtoothed on

the CRT screen.

joystick A CAD data-entering device employing a handcontrolled lever to manually enter the coordinates of various points on a design being digitized into the system.

nd
'vel rltiare

insert To create and place entities, figures, or information on a CRT or into an emerging design on the display. instructon sef (1) All the commands to which a CAD/CAM computer will respond. (2) The repertoire of functions the computer can perform.
integrted circut (IC) A tiny complex of electronic components and interconnections comprising a circuit that may vary in functional complexity from a simple logic gate to a microprocessor. An IC is usually packaged in a single substrate such as a slice of silicon. The complexity of most IC designs and the many repetitive elements have made computer-aided design an economic necessity. Also called a chip. ntegrated system A CAD/CAM system that integrates the entire product development cycle-analysis, design, and fabrication-so that all processes flow smoothly from concept to production.

demd

A disk file that provides user-defined definitions for tablet mew.See menu. knematcs A computer-aided engineering (CAE) process for plotting or animating the motion of parts in a machine or a structure under design on the system. CAE simulation programs allow the motion of mechanisms to be studket a

file

Ito
ies,

ied for A

interference, acceleration,
method

and

force

determinations while still in the design stage.

em ton 'mled
rve

layering

organtzing data in a Functionally different classes of data (e.g,, various graphic/geometric entities) are segregated on separate layers, each of which can be displayed individ-

of logically

CAD/CAM data

base.

to nd

ually or in any desired combination. Layering helps the designer distinguish among different kinds of data in creating a complex product such as a multilayered PC board or IC.

ice

intellgent workstation/terminal A workstation in a system that can perform certain data processing functions in a stand-alone mode, independent of another computer. Contains a built-in computer, usually a microprocessor or
minicomputer, and dedicated memory.

layers User-defined logical subdivisions

CAD/CAM data base that may be viewed on the CRT individually or overlaid and viewed in groups.

of data in

learning curve

concept that projects the expected im-

ity over

be
er:an

)a-

intersctive Denotes t\ryo-way communications between a CAD/CAM system or workstation and its operators. An operator can modify or terminate a program and receive feedback from the system for guidance and verification.
See also feedback.

to 1j

a period of time.

years

of a new

ost-justification study, or when new operators are introduced. An accepted tool of management for predicting manpo\iler requirements and
evaluating training programs.

of
en
m-

ng

lm
ng

or
rte tc-

nteractve graphics systent (IGS) or interactive computer graphics (ICG) A CAD/CAM sysrem in which the workstations are used interactively for computer-aided design and/or drafting, as well as for CAM, all under full operator control, and possibly also for text-processing, generation of charts and graphs, or computer-aided engineering. The designer (operator) can intervene to enter data and direct the course of any program, receiving immediate visual feedback via the CRT. Bilateral communication is provided between the system and the designer(s), Often used synonymously with CAD.

library, grphics (or parts librry) A collection of standard, often-used symbols, components, shapes, or parts stored in the CAD data base as templates or building blocks to speed up future design work on the system. Generally an organization of files under a common library name,

light pen A hand-held photosensitive CAD input

device used on a refreshed CRT screen for identifying display elements, or for designating a location on the screen where an action is to take place.

line

font

See

font, line.

:al
rn-

M
ch

\n
re-

le-

intedace (") (t) A hardware and/or software link that enables two systems, or a system and its peripherals, to operate as a single, integrated system. (2) The input devices and visual feedback capabilities that allow bilateral communication between the designer and the system. The interface to a large computer can be a communications link (hardware) or a combination of software and hard-wired connections.An interface might be a portion of storage accessed by two o more ptograms or a link between two subroutines in a program.

line printer A CAD/CAM peripheral device used for rapid printing of data.

line smoothng An automated mapping capability for the interpolation and insetion of additional points along a
Iinear entity yielding a series of shorter linear segments to generate a smooth curved appearance to the original Iinear component. The additional points or segments are created only for display purposes and are interpolated from a relatively small set of stoed representative points. Thus,
data storage space is minimized.

att

Appendx

low-level languge

programming language in which a one-for-one basis' See also on translate statements

machine language. machne A computer, CPU, or other processor' mchne instructon An instruction that a machine (computer) can rccognize and execute' machne language The complete set of command instructions understandable to and used directly by a computer when it performs oPerations. ms'o A sequence of computer instructions executable as a single command. A frequently used, multistep operation can be organized into a macro, given a new name, and remain in the system for easy use, thus shortening program development time. magnetic disk A flat circular plate vith a magnetic surface o"n which information can be stored by selective magnetization of portions of the flat surface. Commonly used for temporary working storage during computer-aided design' See also dlsk. magnetc tape A tape with a magnetic surface on which infrmation can be stored by selective polarization of portions of the surface. Commonly used in CAD/CAM for

microprocessor Tlte central control element of a microcomputer, implemented in a single integrated circuit. It performs instruction sequencing and processing, as well as all required computations. It requires additional circuits to function as a microcomputer. See microcomputer, min computer A general-purpose, single-processor computer of limited flexibility and memory performance. mrroring A CAD design aid that automatically creates a mirror image of a graphic entity on the CRT by flipping the entity or drawing on its x or y axis. mnemonic symbol An easily remembered symbol that assists the designer in communicating with the system (e.g., an abbreviation such as MPY for multIy)'
model, geometric A complete, geometrically accurate 3-D or 2-D representation of a shape, a pafi, a geographic area, a plant, or any part of it, designed on a CAD system and

stored in the data base. A mathematical or analytic model of a physical system used to determine the response of that system to a stimulus or load' See modeling, geometric' modeling, geometrc Constructing a mathematical or analytic model of a physical object or system for the purpose of determining the response of that object or system to a stimulus or load. First, the designer describes the shape under design using a geometric model constructed on the system' The computer then converts this pictorial representation on the CRT into a mathematical model later used for other CAD functions such as design optimization. modelng, sold A type of 3-D modeling in which the solid characieristics of an object under design are built into the data base so that complex internal structures and external shapes can be ealistically represented. This makes computr-aided design and analysis of solid objects easier, .l"ur"., and more accurate than with wire-frame graphics'

off-line storage of completed design files and other

archival material.

mainframe (computet) A large cenal computer facility' main memory/storage The computer's general-purpose storage from which instructions may be executed and data loaded directly into operating registers. mass storage Auxiliary large-capacity memory for storing large amounts of data readily accessible by the computer' Commonly a disk or magnetic taPe.

matrx A2-D

or 3-D rectangular array (arrangement) of identical geometric or s)mbolic entities.A matrix can be generated automatically on a CAD system by specifying the building block entity and the desired locations'This process is used extensively in computer-aided electricaVelectronic design' n emot'y Any form of data storage where information can be read and written. Standard memories include RAM, ROM, and PROM. See also programmable read-only nxemory; random access nxemory; read-only menxory; storage,

modem MOdulatot-D4Modtlator, a device that converts

digital signals to analog signals, and vice versa, for long-distance trnsmission over communications circuits such as telephone lines, dedicated wires, optical fiber, or microwave' ntodule A separate and distinct unit of hardware or software that is Part of a system,

mouse Ahand-held data-entering device used to position

cursor on a data tablet. See cursor.

menu

common CAD/CAM input device consisting of a checkerboard pattern of squares printed on a sheet of paper or plastic placed over a data tablet. These squares have been preprogrammed to represent a part of a command, a command, or a series of commands. Each square, when touched by an electronic pen, initiates the particular function or command indicated on that square. See also data tablet, dYnamic menuing. merge To combine two or more sets of elated data into one, uJua[y in a specified sequence.This can be done automatically on a CAD/CAM system to generate lists and reports' mcrocomputer A smaller, lower-cost equivalent of a full-

multiprocessor A computer whose architecture consists of moie than one processing unit. See central processing unt:
microcomPuter.

scale mnicomputer. Includes a microprocessor (CPU), memory, and necessary interface circuits. Consists of one or more ICs (chips) comprising a chip set.

in response to numericallY coded mands may be generated bY a

punched taPes or other communi

Appendix

al5i

mer-

all

processes involved in generating the data or tapes necessary to guide a machine tool in the manufacture of a part.

to
ter

olf-lne

sults of a completed program outside the CpU-usually in the form of magnetic tape or punched cards.

Refers to peripheral deyices not currently connected

la
ng
as

or
tr

to and under the direct control of the system,s computer, on-line Refers to peripheral devices connected to and under the direct control of the system,s computer, so that operator-system interaction, feedback, and output are all in real time. operatng system A structured set of software programs that control the operation of the computer and associated peripheral devices in a CAD/CAM system, as well as the execution of computer programs and data flow to and from peripheral devices. May provide support for activities and programs such as scheduling, debugging, input/output control, accounting, editing, assembly, compilation, storage as-

photo plotter A CAD output device that generates highprecision artwork masters photographically for pC board design and IC masks. pixel T\e smallest portion of a CRT screen that can be individually referenced. An individual dot on a display image. Tlpically, pixels are evenly spaced, horizontally and vertically, on the display.

plotter A CAD peripheral device used to output fo extemal

in the data base. Generally makes large, acctrate drawings substantially better than what is displayed. Plotter types include pen, drum, electrostatic, and flatbed.
use the image stored

nd

signment, data management, and diagnostics. An

lel
rat

tic
letu-

operating system may assign task priority levels, support a system, provide drives for I/O devices, support standard system commands or utilities fo online programming, process commands, and support both networking

file

and diagnostics.

ler
m.

on
rer

output The end result of a particular CAD/CAM process or series of processes. The output of a CAD cycle can be artwork and hard-copy lists and reports. The output of a total design-to-manufacturing CAD/CAM system can also include numerical control tapes for manufacturing.

overlay A segment of code or data to be brought into the

tid he tal
m?f,
3S.

memory of a computer to replace existing code or data.

postptocessor A software program or procedure that for_ mats graphic or other data processed on the system for some other putpose. For example, a postprocessor might format cutter centerline data into a form that a machine controller can interpret. precison The degree of accuracy. Generally refers to the number of significant digits of information to the right of the decimal point for data represented within a computer system. Thus, the term denotes the degree of discrimination with which a design or design element can be described in the data base. preplaced lne (or bus) A run (or line) between a set of points on a PC board layout that has been predefined by the designer and must be avoided by a CAD automatic routing program.
preprocessot A computer program that takes a specific set of instructions from an external source and translates it into the format required by the system.

pant To fill in a bounded graphic figure on a raster display

using a combination of repetitive patterns or line fonts to add meaning or clarity. See font, line. papet-tape punclt/reader A peripheral device that can read as well as punch a perforated paper tape generated by a CAD/CAM system. These tapes are the principal means of supplying data to an NC machine. parallel processr'zg Executing more than one element of a single process concurrently on multiple processors in a

primtive A
ty.

rts isas {e.

ft-

computer system.

pssword protecton

ta
of
tit:
gd
tA-

security feature

CAD/CAM systems that prevents access to the system or to files within the system without first entering a password, i.e., a special sequence of characters. See printed circuit board. pen plotter An electromechanical CAD output device that geqerates hard copy of displayed graphic data by means of a ballpoint pen or liquid ink. Used when a very accurate final drawing is required. Provides exceptional uniformity and density of lines, precise positional accuracy, as well as various user-selectable colors.

of

certain

PC board

fundamental graphic entity. It can be a vector, a. point, or a text string. The smallest definable object in a display processor's instruction set. printed crcuit (PC) bord A baseboard made of insulating materials and an etched copper-foil circuit pattern on which are mounted ICs and other components required to implement one or more electronic functions. pC boards plug into a rack or subassembly of electronic equipment to provide the brains or logic to control the operation of a computer, or a communications system, instrumentation, or other electronic systems. The name derives from the fact that the circuitry is connected not by wires but by copper-foil lines, paths, or traces actually etched onto the
board surface. CAD/CAM is used extensively in pC board design, testing, and manufacture.

design element at the lowest stage of complexi-

,a
ne

ta
ne

perpheral (device) Any device, distinct from the basic system modules, that provides input to and/or output from
the CPU. May include printers, keyboards, plotters, graphics display terminals, paper-tape reader/punches, analogto-digital converters, disks, and tape drives.

d
n-

)n
he

permenent storage

A method or device for storing the re-

smulaton Aprogram utilizing a mathematical model created on the system to try out numerous process design iterations with real-time visual and numerical feed-back. Designers can see on the CRT what is taking place at every stage in the manufacturing process. They can therefore optimize a process and correct problems that could affect the actual manufacturing process down-stream. processor In CADiCAM system hardware, any device that perprocess

al6

Appendix

forms a specific function. Most often used to refer to the CPU. In software, it refers to a complex set of instructions to
perform
a

rectangular array Inseftion of the same entity at multiple locations on a CRT using the system's ability to copy design elements and place them at user-specified intervals to create a rectangular arrangement or matrix. A feature of PC and IC design systems.

general functions. See also central processing unit.

productvty rato A widely accepted means of measuring CAD/CAM productivity (throughput per hour) by comparing the productivity of a design/engineering group before and after installation of the system or relative to some standard norm or potential maximum. The most
common way of recording productivity is Actual Manual Hours/Actual CAD Hours, expressed as 4:1,6:1, etc. program () A precise sequential set of instructions that direct a computer to perform a particular task or action or to solve
a

problem. A complete program includes plans for

the transcription of data, coding for the computer, and plans for the absorption of the results into the system. (v)
To develop a program. See also computer program.

Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) A memory that, once programmed with permanent data or instructions, becomes a ROM. See read-only rnemory.

PROM See prgrammable read-only memory. prompt A message or symbol generated automatically by
the system, and appearing on the CRT, to inform the user of (a) a procedural error or incorrect input to the program being executed or (b) the next expected action, option(s), or input. See also tutorial.

puck A hand-held, manually controlled input device that allows coordinate data to be digitized into the system from a drawing placed on the data tablet or digitizer surface. A puck has a transparent window containing cross hairs.

refresh (or vector refresh) A CAD display technology that involves frequent redrawing of an image displayed on the CRT to keep it bright, crisp, and clear. Refresh permits a high degree of movement in the displayed image as well as high resolution. Selective erase or editing is possible at any time without erasing and repainting the entire image. Although substantial amounts of high-speed memory are required, large, complex images may flicker. refresh rate The rate at which the graphic image on a CRT is redrawn in a refresh display, i.e., the time needed for one refresh of the displayed image. regstrton The degree of accuracy in the positioning of one layer or overlay in a CAD display or artwork, relative to anothei layer, as reflected by the clarity and sharpness of the resulting image. rcpant A CAD feature that automatically redraws a design displayed on the CRT. resolution The smallest spacing between two display elements that will allow the elements to be distinguished visually on the CRT.The ability to define very minute detail. For example, the resolution of Computervision's IC design system is one part in 33.5 million. As applied to an electrostatic plotter, resolution means the number of dots per square inch.
response time Tlte elapsed time from initiation of an opera-

RAM

See

random access memory.

random access memoty (RAM) A main memory read/write storage unit that provides the CAD/CAM operator direct access to the stored information. The time required to access any word stored in the memory is the same as for any other word. raster dsplay A CAD workstation display in which the entire CRT surface is scanned at a constant refresh rate.The

tion at a workstation to the receipt of the results at that workstation. Includes transmission of data to the CPU, processing, file access, and transmission of esults back to the initiating workstation. rcstart To resume a computer program interrupted by operator intervention.
restore -lo bring back to its original state a design current being worked on in a CAD/CAM System after editing or modification that the designer now wants to cancel or rescind. esunle A feature of some application programs that allows the designer to suspend the data-processing operation at some logical break point and restart it later from that point.

bright, flicker-free image can be selectively written and erased. Also called a digital TV display. tastet scan (video) Currently, the dominant technology in CAD graphic displays. Simila to conventional television, it
involves a line-by-line sweep across the entire CRT surface to generate the image. Raster-scan features include good brightness, accuracy, selective erase, dynamic motion capabilities, and the opportunity for unlimited color. The device can display a large amount of inJormation without flicker, although resolution is not as good as with storage-tube displays read-only memort, (ROM) A memory that cannot be modified or reprogrammed. Typically used for control and execute programs. See also pro grammable read-only rnenxory. real tme Refers to tasks or functions executed so rapidly by a CAD/CAM system that the feedback at various stages in the process can be used to guide the designer in completing the task. Immediate visual feedback through the CRT

retcle The photographic plate used to create an IC mask.

See also photo plotter.

rotate
is

'Iolw
a

through

a displayed 2-D or 3-D construction about an axpredefined angle relative to the original position.

robotcs The use of computer-controlled manipulators or

arms to automate a variety of manufacturing processes such as welding, material handling, painting and assembly.

ROM

See read-only

memory

rcutne A computer program, or a subroutine in the main

program. The smallest separately compilable source code unit. See computer program: source. rubber bndng A CAD capability that allows a component to be tracked (dragged) across the CRT screen, by means of an electronic pen, to a desired location, while simulta-

makes possible real time, interactive operation

of

CAD/CAM system.

Appendix
rle le-

al7

to

of
.at he

avoiding areas of congestion.

other entity, minimizing total interconnect length and

neously stretching all related interconnections to maintain signal continuity. During tracking the interconnections as_ sociated with the component stretch and bend, providing an excellent visual guide for optimizing the location of component to best fit into the flow of the pC board or

ia
AS

satellite

at
le.

IE
is
1e

of
ue
;ss

ln
rts

)n nis
rt-

a-

at
U,

to

play without affecting the remainder oihaving to repaint the entire CRT display. shape Jll The automatic painting-in of an area, defined by user-specified boundaries, on an IC or pC board layoui, for example, the area to be filled by copper when the pC boad is manufactured. Can be done on_ne by CAD. srnoothng Fitting together curves and surfaces so that a
smooth, continuous geometry results.

larger, host system. A satellite differs from a remote intel_ ligent workstation in that it contains a full set of proces_ sors, memory, and mass storage resources to operate independently of the host. See host_satellite system. scale (v) To enlarge or diminish the size of a displayed enti_ ty without changing its shape, i.e., to bring it into a user_ specified ratio to its original dimensions. Scaling can be done automatically by a CAD system. (n) Denotes the co_ ordinate system for representing an object. scissorng The automatic erasing of all portions of a design on the CRT that lie outside user-specified boundaries. scroll To automatically roll up. as on a spool, a design or text message on a CRT to permit the sequential viewing of a message or drawing too large to be displayed all aionce on the screen. New data appear on the CRT at one edge as other data disappear at the opposite edge. Graphics can be scrolled up, down, left, or right. selectve erse A CAD feature for deleting portions of a dis_

remote system connected to another, usually

stretch A CAD design/editing aid that enables the designer to automatically expand a displayed entity beyond its rig_ inal dimensions.

string A linear sequence of entities, such as characters or physical elements, in a computer_aided design. stylus A hand-held pen used in conjunction with a data table to enter commands and coordinate input into the
Also called an electronic Pen'hat
"rsYstem' may be extracted inserted intact into another part

ion of NC tool paths

s and

the shapes may design capabilities of

ed-

software The collection of executable computer programs including application programs, operating systems, and
languages.

gr

of
so

source
vs

at
rt.

k.
X-

n.

)r
)s
v.

in le

ments and formulas used in computer processing. It is translated into object language (object code) by an assem_ bler or compiler for execution by a computer. splne A subset of a B-spline wherein a sequence of curves is restricted to a plane. An interpolation routine executed on a CAD/CAM system automatically adjusts a curve by design iteration until the curvature is contnuous over the
length ofthe curve. See also B-spline.

generate machine-recognizable instructions. Also known as source code. See also high-level language. source language A symbolic language composed of state_

A text file written in a highJevel language and con_ taining a computer program. It is easily read and under_ stood by people but must be compiled or assembled to

ch

ment, symbol libraries contribute to the quick maintenance, placement, and interpretation of symbols.

syntax (1)

ments allowed in a computer language.To make grammat_ ical sense, commands and routines must be written in conformity to these rules. (2) The stucture of a computer command language, i.e., the English-sentence structure of a CAD/CAM command language, e.g., verb, noun, modifiers.
sJ

set of rules describing the structure of state_

rt
ts

storage The physical repository of all information relat_ ing to products designed on a CAD/CAM system. It is typically in the form of a magnetic tape or disk. Also

t-

called memory.

also operating system

(apurely software term).

al8

Appendix

tublet An input device on which a designer can digitize coordinate data or enter commands into a CAD/CAM system by means of an electronic pen. See also data tablet.

task (1) A specific project that can be executed by a CAD/CAM software program. (2) A specific portion of
memory assigned to the user for executing that project. template The pattern of a standard, commonly used component or part that serves as a design aid. Once created, it can be subsequently traced instead of redrawn whenever needed.The CAD equivalent of a designer's template might be a standard part in the data-base library that can be retrieved and inserted intact into an emerging drawing on the CRT. temporary storage Memory locations for storing immediate and partial results obtained during the execution of a program on the system.

equipped with all the hadware and software required for a specific application or applications. Usually implies a commitment by the vendor to make the system work and to provide preventive and remedial maintenance of both hardware and software. Sometimes used interchangeably with stand-alone, although stand-alone

applies more to system architecture than to terms of

purchase.

tutorial A

characteristic of CAD/CAM systems. If the user is not sure how to execute a task, the system will show howA message is displayed to provide information and guidance. fea-

utlites Another term for system capabilities and/or

,J

tures that enable the user to perform certain processes. vector A quantity that has magnitude and direction and that, in CAD, is commonly represented by a directed line
segment.

termnal See workstation. text edtor An operating system program used to create and
modify text files on the system. text file A file stored in the system in text format that can be printed and edited on-line as required. throughput The number of units of work performed by a CAD/CAM system or a workstation during a given period of time. A quantitative measure of system productivity. tme-sharng The use of a common CPU memory and processing capabilities by two or more CAD/CAM terminals to execute different tasks simultaneously. tool pth Centerline of the tip of an NC cutting tool as it
moves over a part produced on a CAD/CAM system'Tool paths can be created and displayed interactively or auto-

verificaton (1) A system-generated message to a workstation acknowledging that a valid instruction or input has been received. (2) The process of checking the accuracy, viability, and/or manufacturability of an emerging design
on the system.
view

port A user-selected,rectangular view of a part, assembly, etc., that presents the contents of a window on the
CRT. See also window.

wndow A temporary, usually rectangular, bounded area on the CRT that is user-specified to include particular entities for modification, editing, or deletion.

wire-frame graphics A computer-aided design technique for displaying a 3-D object on the CRT screen as a series
of lines outlining its surface. wiring dagrn (1) Graphic representation of all circuits and
device elements of an electrical system and its associated apparatus or any clear defined functional portion of that system. A wiring diagram may contain not only wiring system components and wires but also nongraphic information such as wire number, wire size, color, function, component label, and pin number. (2) Illustration of device elements and thei interconnectivity as distinguished from their physical arrangement. (3) Drawing that shows how to hook things up'

matically by a CAD/CAM system, and reformatted into NC tapes, by means of postprocessor, to guide or control
machining equipment. See also surface machining. trck ball A CAD graphics input device consisting of a ball recessed into a surface. The designer can rotate it in any direction to control the position of the cursor used for entering coordinate data into the system. trcking Moving a predefined (tracking) symbol across the surface of the CRT with a light pen or an electronic pen.

transform To change an image displayed on the CRT by, for example, scaling, rotating, translating, or mirroring. transformaton The process of transforming a CAD display
image. Also the matrix repesentation of a geometric space.

trnslate (1) To convert CAD/CAM output from one language to another. (2) Also, by an editing command, to move a CAD display entity a specified distance in a specified direction.

Wiring diagrams can be constructed, annotated, and documented on a CAD system. word A set of bits (typically 1,6 to 32) that occupies a single storage location and is treated by the computer as a unit'
See also bl.

trap T\e

area that is searched around each pick to find a hit on a graphics entity to be edited. See also digitize. turnround time Tt'e elapsed time between the moment a task or project is input into the CAD/CAM system and the moment the required output is obtained. turnkey A CAD/CAM system for which the supplier/ven-

working storage That part of the system's internal storage reserved for intermediate results (i.e., while a computer program is still in progress). Also called tenxporary storage

workstaton The work area and equipment used for CAD/CAM operations. It is where the designer interacts (communicates) with the computer' Frequently
consists of a CRT display and an input device as well as, possibly, a digitizer and a hard-copy device. In a distrib: uted processing system, a workstation would have local processing and mass storage capabilities. Also called a terminal or design terminal.

dor assumes total responsibility for building, installing, and testing both hardware and software, and the training of user personnel. Also, loosely, a system that comes

Appendix
:d 1-

at9

m :d te

^Io transfer information from CpU main memory to a peripheral device, such as a mass storage device. wrte-protect A security feature in a CAD/CAM data stor_ age device that prevents new data from being written over

wte

zero offset On an NC unit, this features allows the zero point on an axis to be relocated anywhere within a speci_ fied range, thus temporarily redefining the coordinate
frame of reference.

existing data.

)f
is

zero T};.e origin of all coordinate dimensions defined in an absolute system as the intersection of the baselines of the
x, y, and, z axes.

zoom A CAD capability that proportionately enlarges or

reduces a figure displayed on a CRT screen.

trd te

4 Abbrevicrtons for Use on Drowings ond

Americon Notonql Slondord
(Selected from ANSI/ASME y14.3S-1999)

in Text_

tls
Y,

;n

A
absolute accelerate
accessory ABS

1-

te

ACCEL
ACCESS

rn

ile
)s

account accumulate actual

ad,apter

ACCT ACCUM
ACT
ADPTR

arrange artificial asbestos asphalt assemble assembly assistant associate association atomic audible audio frequency authorize automatic auto-transformer auxiliary avenue average aviation azimuth
B
babbitt
back pressure back to back backface
balance assemble (auto

armor plate army navy

armature

ARM ARMPL

bent
Bessemer between between centers between perpendiculars bevel bill of material

BT BESS

AN
ARR
ARTF

BETW

BC
BP

ASB ASPH ASSEM

BEV

BM
BLK BLK BP

addendum

addition
adjust
advance

rd

ADD ADD ADJ ADV

AFT

manufacturing) ASM
ASSY ASST

ASSOC
ASSN AT

)s-

after
aggregate

ft
,h

air-condition
airplane allowance alloy

AGGR AIRCOND
APL ALLOW
ALY
ALT ALTN

AUD AF
AUTH AUTO

blank block blueprint board boiler boiler feed boiling point bolt circle
both faces

BD
BLR
BF

BP

BC
BF BS

t,
ir
al
p.

alteration
alternate

AXFMR AUX
AVE

lle

t.
ie

alternating current altitude aluminum American Standard

Code for Interchange

AC
ALT

AVG
AVN

both sides both ways bottom bottom chord bottom face bracket
brake
brass

BW
BOT

BC
BF

BRKT

AL
ASCII

BK
BRS

American wire gage

AWG
AMT

brazing break

BRZG BRK
BH
BSt

)t
e.

amount ampere

Brinell hardness
BAB
BP
BB BF

amplifier
anneal antenna

)f

rLy

AMP AMPL ANL

ANT

British Standard British thermal unit

broach bronze

BTU

BRCH
BRZ
BS

apartment
apparatus appendix approved approximate
arc weld

API
APPAR

s,

ball bearing
barometer
base line base plate

BAL BBRG

)-

APPX

BARO
BL BP

Brown & Sharpe (wire gage, same asAWG) building

bulkhead

^l a

APVD
APPROX

bearing
bench mark

burnish
bushing

ARCW

BRG BM

BLDG BHD BNH BSHG

BTN

button

aZ()
C

Appendx

drafring

calibtate
capacitance cast steel casting

DWG
DR DF

DFTG front
furnish

FR

FURN

DRG
DF
DUP
CHG
gage or gauge gallon galvanize galvanized iron alvanized steel asket eneral
lass

center centering
change check valve

GA
GAL
GALV GALVI
GALVS
GSKT

cicuit
clockwise coated cold drawn copper cold-rolled steel combined complete with compressor concentric concrete splash block

CV 11 CKI each
CW

eccentric CTD effective CDC elbow CRS electric CMBD elementary CW elevate COMPR elevation

GENL

overnment

GL

overnor
ade

GOW
GOV
GR
GRDTN

aduation
aphite

condition
constant output amplifier contact continued copper oxide counter countersunk cross section cubic
cubic foot cubic inch

CONC engine CSB engineer COND engineering COA entrance CONT equal CONT equation CUO equipment CTR equivalent
CTSK estimate
XSECT exchange

ind
oove ound
EQL EQ

GPH GRD GRV GRD

EepT EeUIV

current
custome
cyanide

CUFI CUIN exterior CUR extra heavy

existing

CU

exhaust

half_round handle EST hanger EXCH hard EXH harden EXST hadware EXT head
headless

1/2RH
HDL HGR
H

HDN HDW
H

CUST extra strong

XHVy

CYN

extrude

XSTR heat-treat

HDLS
HTTR

EXTD heavy
hexagon
high_pressure
_speed

D
decimal dedendum deflect
degree

HVY
HEX HP
HS

DEC fabricate DED face to face

DEFL Fahrenheit
(") DEG far side

zontal
epower

HORIZ HP
HR HRS HR

density department
design

DENS federal DEPT figure

rolled rolled steel

irrg

detail develop diagonal diagram diameter diametral pitch dimension

discharge distance

DSGN fillet DET fillister

aulic

DVL finish DIAG finish all over DIAG flange DIA flat head

HSG HYDR

DP floor DIM fluid

DIV
force

division double dovetail dowel down dozen

DISCH focus DIST foot

FAO I FLG illustrate FLH inboard FL inch FL inches per second FOC inclosure (')FT inctude

FNSH

ILLUS

(")

INBD
tN,
IPS

INCLS

DBL forged steel DWL forging DWL forward

inside diameter

INCL
ID
INTR INTL

FST interior

DOZ

DN

foundry
frequency

FORG internal FWD intersect

FDRY irregular
FREQ

INTSCT IRREG

Appendix
FR

a2l

JRN

joint joint army-navy

journal junction

JT
JAN

multiple MusicWire Gage

1V

MULT prefabricated

MWG

PREFAB

preferred
prepare
pressure

PFD
PREP
PRESS

GA
>AL
ALV

JNL JCT

national natural

PRCS

PROD
PF

K
keyseat

\LVI
LVS

SKI

Keyway

KWY neutral

near face near side KST negauve

PROP
PUBN
PB

:NL
GL

L
laboratory laminate lateral left side left hand length
length over all

)W
OV
GR
)TN .PH

LAB LAM
LS

nominal normal north not to scale

NOM

NORM
^

O quadrant
QDRNT

LATL number

'il8
OBS

OUAL

;l','
R

QTR

RD RV RD

letter light
line
locate

LHO LG obsolete LoA octason

LTR offic

LT

\JUt \Jt-u

RDL rachus
R

on center

OC

rarlroad

RR

RMR

RH

DL

}R
H

)N
r\//

logarithm long lubricate lumber

RCVD RCD
RECT

RDC
REF

H
LS TR

M
machine machine screw machine steel maintenance malleable malleable iron manual manufacture manufactured

outside radius

REINF
REL RLF

overall

MACH
MSCR

'

:X
IP
JS

MS MAL

remove requrre

RMV
REO

package

MAINT paragraph

required PARA return

PKG

REQD
RTN RVS

v
IP
IR
?S

IR

e
rQ

manufacturing material
maxrmum mechanical mechanism median medium

MNL permanent MFR perpendicular MFD piece MFG piece mark

MATL pint

Ml

patent

pattern

PAn

PAT

reverse

revolution

REV

PERM revolution per minute PERP right

RPM
R

PC

right hand

MAX

PCMK rivet PT Rockwell hardness

RH

RW
RH RLR

pitch

MECH pitch circle MECH pitch diameter

P roller PC root diameter

PD
PL
round

rs

)
J,

MDN MDM

root mean square

plasric plate

RD RMS

PLSTC rough
PLMB

S S

metal meter mile

miles per hour

MET plumbing

RGH RND

minimum
miscellaneous

I
L T
2

MPH MIN MISC polish

M Ml

point point of curve point of intersection point of tangency

PTs
PC

month
morse taper

MO

pT pOL
POSN

pl

schedule schematic

SCHED SCHEM
SH

scleroscopehardness
screw second

position

MORT potential

pOT

motor
mounted

mounting

MOT pound MTD pound-force MTG power

per square inch

pWR

psl

LB

section
semi-steel separate

SCR SEC SECT

SS

SEP

a22
shaft
sheet

Appendix

set screw

SSCR support SFT surface

SPRI
SURF

universal

UNIV

shoulder single sketch

sleeve

SH
SGL

symbol

SHLDR sysrem

SYM

V
valve variable VAC
VAR
VS VERT

SYS vacuum

SKT

slide slotted small socket

space special

TECH volt TEMpL volume TNSN W

IERM wart THRU week TMR weight

TAN versus TpR vertical

VOL

specific spot-face spflng

square

THK THD

washer

WSHR

W
WK

standard station

TOL

west

Wl
W
WD
WP WPR

stationary
steel

TG

stock straight street

TS TOT XFR

width working point working pressure

wrought wrought iron

stuctural
substitute summary

slu
SUBSI ulrimate
STRL

ryp uN

WRI
WI

SMy

unified

ULT yard

yeal

YD
YR

Appendix

a23

5
\C
AR

Running ond sliding Fitso

RC

lC 1

VS
iRT

RC

3 4

f,L

RC

small temperature changes. Precision running fits are about the closest fits which can be expected to run freely and are intended for precision work at slow speeds and light journal pressures, but they are not suitable where appreciable temperature differences are likely to be encountered. Close running fits areintended chiefly for running fits on accurate machinery with moderate surface speeds and journal pressures, where accurate location and minimum play are desird.

Close sliding fits are intended for the accurate location of parts which must assemble without perceptible play. Sliding fits are intended for accurate location, but with greater maximum clearance than class RC L. parts made to this fit move and turn easily but are not intended to run freely, and in the larger sizes may seize with

-Americon

Nolionol slqndord

JR

W
VK

M
W

Basic hole system. Limits are in thousandths of an inch. Limits for hole and shaft are applied algebraically to the basic size to obtain the limits of size for the parts. Data in boldface are in accordance with ABC agreements. Symbols H5, 95, efc.,ae hole and shaft designations used in ABC System.

ID
VP

)R
RT

//r
/D /R

Clss RC

I
.sE trqt
0.1

Class RC 2

Class RC 3

Nominal
Size Range, inches

Class RC 4

.E

L!) o Gl

og
)

Standard

Limits Hole H5
+0.2
Shaft
g4

Stndard
Limt'ts

.s
.=
C

Sfandard

Limits
Hole H7
+0.4 Shaft
16

Over

To

FTU
0.1

.= a) i r

Hole

Shaft
95

H6
+0.25

rr (J 0.3 0.95 0.4

0)

.=

9 .sE Gt
c)

Sandard

Limits Hole H8
+0.6 Shaft

(J
0.3 1.3

fl

H.72
o.124.24 o.244.40 0.404.71

0.45

-0
+0.2

-0.1
-0.25

0.55 0.1s
0.65 0.2 0.85

-0
+0.3

-0.1 -0.3 -0.1s

-0.35

-0.3
-0.55

-0
+0.5

-0
+0.7

-0.3 -0.7 -0.4 -0.9 -0.5 -1.1 -0.6 -1.3 -0.8 -1.6 -1.0 -2.0
-1..2

0.ls
0.5 0.2 0.6 0.25 0.75
0.3

-0
+0.25

-0.15

-0.3
-0.2 -0.35
-0.25

-0
+0.4

l.t2
0.5 1.5

-0
+0.6

-0.4 -0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0. -1.0 -0.8 -1.3 -1.0

0.4
1.6 0.5 2.0 0.6

-0
+0.9

-0
+0.3

-0
+0.4

-0.2 -0.4s
-0.2s -0.55

-0
+0.7

-0
+1.0

-0
+0.4

-0.45

0.25 0.95 0.3 1.2 0.4 1.4

0.4 1.6 0.5

-0
+0.5

t7
0.8 2.L
1.0

0.6

-0
+0.8

2.3
0.8

0.77-t.r9
I.r9-1.97 I.97-3.I5 3.154.73 4.73J.09
7.09-9.85

-0
+1.2

0.95 0.4
1.1

-0
+0.4

-0.3
-0.55

-0
+0.6

-0
+0.5

-0.4 -0.7 -0,4

-0.7

-0
+0.7

-0.3 -0.7 -0.4 -0.8 -0.4

-0
+1.0

2.8
1.0 3.6 1.2

-0
+16

2.6
1.2

-0
+L.2

0.4
1.2

-0
+0.6

-0
+0.9

0.5
1.5

-0
+0.7

-0.5 -0.9 -0.6 -1.1 -0.6

2.0
0.6

-0
+1.0

-0.9 -0.5

3.1

-0
+1.4

-16 -12
-1.9
-1.4

-0
+1.8

4.2

-0
J-t't

-2.4

t.4
3.7 1.6 4.2 2.0 5.0
2.5 5.7

-tt

t4
5.0
1.

-0
+1.6

-2.3 -'..6 -2.6 -2.0

-4,

-0
+2.5

-14
-2.8 -1.6
-3.2

0.6
1.8 0.6

-0
+0.8

2.3 0.6 2.6

0.8 2.9 1.0 3.4

-0
+1.2

-0.6 -1.3 -0.6 -1.4 -0.8

-0
+1.8

5.7 2.0
6.6 2.5 7.5 3.0 8.7

-0
+2,8

2.0

-0
+0.9

-L2
-0.8
-1.4

-0
+1.2

-0
+2.0

-0
+3.0

9.85-r2.4r
12.41-15.75

0.8

z.J
1.0 2.7

-0
+1.0

-0
+L4

-0

-1.0
-'1.7

-0

-r.7 - 1.0
-2.0

-2.5
-J.t

-0
+2.2

-0
+3.5

3.0
6.6

-0

-3.0 -4.4

-2.0 -3.8 -2.5 -4.5 -3.0

-5.2

-0

'From ANSI 84.7-1967 (R1994). For larger diamerers,

see the standard.

a24

Appendix

Running ond Sliding Fitso-Americon Nolionol Stondord (continued)

RC 5I Mediunt running fits are intended for higher running speeds, or heavy journal pressures, or both. RC 6l RC 7 Free running fits are intended for use where auracy is not essential, or where large temperature variations RC RC

Bl

under both these conditions.

9l

for use where wide commercial tolerances may be necessary, together with
ember.

Class RC 5

Class RC 6 q)

Class RC 8

Class RC 9

Standard

Limits
Hole Shaft

..s
.=
q)

o9

Standard

Limifs Hole Shaft

TI9
e8

H8

el
-1.0 -1.3
-1.6

r-'. (J

04.t2
0.L24.24 0.244.40
0.8 2.0
1.0

+0.6 -0.6

-0

0.6 2.2 0.8

+1.0

-0.6

1.0

+1.0

-0
+1.2

-12

2.6

-0
+12

-1.0 -1.6

+1.6

-2.5
-3-5 -2.E -4.0
4.5 9.0 5.0

+2.5

-0
2.8 5.8 3.0 6.6 3.5 7.9 4.5 10.0 5.0 11.s 6.0
13.5

-0
+3.0

-0
-0

+0.7 -0.8

2.7
1.0 3.3 1.2 3.8 1.6 4.8 2.0 6,1 2.5 7.3 3.0

+0.9 -1.0 +1.0

2.5

0.4H.71
0.71.-r.r9

t,2
2.9 1.6

-0
+1.2

-1.2

-0.8 -0 -1.5 +1.4 -L.0 -0 -1.9 +L6 -1.,2

t2
3.1 1.6

-0
+14

-L2
-1.9 -1.6 -2.5 -2.0 -3.0 -2.5 -3.7 -3.0 -4.6 -4.0 -5.8 -5.0 -7.2 -6.0 -8.5 -7.0 -9.8 -8.0
-11.0
13.5

+1.8

-0
J-t,

-0
+3.5

-4.5 -6.0 -5.0 -7.2 -6.0 -8.8 -7.0

-10.5

3.9 2.0
4.6

-0
+1.6

-0
+2.8

-19

-0
+2.0

-.,

3.6

r.79-t.97

2,0 4.6 2.5

5.5

-1.6 -0 -2.4 +1.6 -2.0 -0 -3.0

+1.8

-1.6

,,<
5.7 3.0
7.1

-0
+2.0

-3.0 -4.4 -3.5

-5.1 -4.5

r0.7
6.0 72.8 7.0 15.s 8.0 18.0 9.0 20.5 10.0 24.0 12.0 28.0 15.0

-0
+4.0

-0
+35

-0
+5.0

-2,8 +25 -2.0 -0 -3.6

+3.0

-0

-0
+2.5

-0
+4.0

-0
+3.0

-0
+4.5

-6.5 -5.0 -7.5 -6.0 -9.0 -7.0

-10.5

-0
+6.0

-8.0
-12.0

I.97-3.r5
3.1.54.73
4.73-:7.09

-0

-2,5 -3.7

_,E

-0
+7.0

4.0
8.8

-0
+3.5

-4.3

-0
+3.5

-0
+5.0

-0 -0

-9.0
-13.5 -15.0

3.0 6.6
3.5

7.6 7.09-9.85 4.0 8.6 5.0

10.0

-4.4 +2,5 -3.5 -0 -5.1 +2.8 -4.0 -0 -5.8

+3.0

-0

+2.2 -3.0

8.7
3.5

10.0
4.0 11.3 5.0 13.0 6.0
15.5

-3.0 -s.2 +4.0 -3.5 -0 -6.0

-0

5.0 10.7 6.0 x2.5

7.0 L4.3 8.0 16.0 10.0 19.5

-0
+4.0

7.0 15.5 8.0 18.0 10.0 21.5 x.0 25.0 14.0 29.0

-0
+6.0

+9.0 -10.0
+10.0 -12.0

-0
+4.5

-8.0
-x2.0

-0 -0 -0 -0

+4.5

-0
+5.0

-4.0 -6.8 -5.0 -8.0 -6.0 -9.5

-0
+5.0

+7.0 -10.0

-t4s

-0 -18.0 +t2.0 -15.0 34.0 -0 -22.0

18.0 38.0

9.85-t2.41 12.4t-15.75

-0
+3.5

-5.0 -7.0 -6.0

-8.2

-0
+6.0

-0 -0

+8.0 -1:2.0

+x2.0 -18.0

-17.0
-20.0

-0 -0

-26.0 -31.0

6.0

rt.7

-0

-0

+6.0 -10.0

+9.0 -14.0

22.0
45.0

+14.0 -22.0

" Fom ANSI B'4.7-1967 (R1994). For larger diameters, see the srandard.

Appendix

a25

cleoronce Locotionor Fitso

fits are " n rrom to the I Limits for hole

-Amerc.n

Notionqr stqndord
assembled arance fits

"n

rr,urt

lr;litt""attsJ:

Data in boldface are in acc s. Symbols H6, H5, etc', are hole and shaft designations used in ABC System.

imirs orsize for rhe parrs.

:_
l

Clans

LC 2
L)

Class LC 3

Class LC 4

Class

LC 5

ft
..0 '.6 .5 .0 .0 .2

Shaft
h6

s qt
Fr(J
0
1

og

Standard

Limits Hole
H8 +0.6
Shaft

h7

iu
0

gd .=

o9 i3
aJ

Standard

Linits
Hole
H10 +1.6 Shaft
h!)

+0

-0.2
0.I24.24
0.244.40 0.4H..71
0

+0 -0.2s
0

+0

+0

-0
+0.7

-0.4
+0

2.6 0

+0.3

+0

-0
+1.8

-0.1
-0.35 0.ls
0.95 0.2 1.2 0.25 1.3s 0.3

-1.0
+0
+0.5

+0.5

05
0

+0

-0
+0.4

-0.2

0.8

-0
+0.6

-0.3

0 1.2 0 1.5

-0
+0.9

-0.5
+0

3.0
0 3.6

0.65
0

-0
+0.4

.0
.8 .0
.5

+0 0 -0.25 1.0 +0 0

-0
J-'t ',

+0 -0 -0.4 +0.7 +0

-0
+1.0

-0.6
+0

-0
+2.8

-L.2 +0 -1.4
+0

-0
+0.6

-0.1s
-0.4s -0.2

-0
+0.7

-0.6
-0.25

0
1.7 ,, 0

0.7 0 0.9

-0
+0.5

-0.3
+0

1.1

-0
+0.8

-0.4
+0

-0
+1.2

0
1.3

-0
+0.6

-0.7 +0

0 4.4
0 5.5

-0
+3.5

-1.6
+0

-0
+0.8

-0.65

-0.4
+0 -0.4 +0

-0
+1.0

-0.5
+0

.0 .0 .0
.5

t.L9-t.97 1.971.r5
3.154.73
4.73-7.09 7.09-9.8s
9.85-12.41

-0
+1.6

-0.8
+0

0
1.0 0

-0
+4.0

-2.0
+0

t6
0.4 2.0 0.4

0
1.6

-0
+1.0

-0.3 -0.8
-0.4

-0
+0.7

0
o.5

-0 -0

-0.6

2.6
0 3

-0
+1.8

-1
+0
-1^,2

-0
+4.5

0
1,9 0 2.3

+L2 +0
-0.7 +1.4 +0

-2,5
+0

-0
-0

-1.0
-1.1 -1^4

1,2
0 1.5

-0
+0.9

0
7,5 0 8.5

-0.5
+0

.0
.0 .0

-0
)-', ',

-0
+5.0

-3
+0
-J.5

+L2 -0.4
+1.4 -0.5

2.3
0.5 2,8 0.6 3.2 0.6 3.6 0.7 3.9 0.7 4.3

-0
+1.0

-0.6
+0

-0
+1.6

-0.9
+0

0 3.6
0

-0
+2.5

L7
0

-0
+1.2

-0.7
+0

0 2.6 0 3.0
0 3.2

+0 -1.4 +0

-0
+.0

-0 -0

0
10 0

-0
-0

+0

+1.6 +1.8

-1.0

4.1 0 4.6 0 5
0

0 0 0 0 0 0

-0
+2.8

-1.6
+0

-0
+7.0

+l.E +0
-1.2 +2.0 +0

-4
+0

-0.6
-1.6

2.0 0 2,1 0 2.4

-0
+1.2

-0.8
+0

-0
+3.0

-1.8
+0

l1.s
0 13.0

-0
+8.0

-4.5
+0

-0
+1.4

-0.9
+0

-0
+2.2

-12
+0

r'.4I-I5.75

-0
+3.5

-2.0
+0

-0
+9.0

-5
+0

0
3.6

- 1.8 +2.0 -0.7 -0 -L,9

+2.2

-0

-0.6

-0

-1.0

-0

-1.4

5.7

-0

-t',

0 15.0

-0

From ANSI 84.1-1967 (Rl994). For arger diameters, see the standard.

-6

-0

0. 2.

O.

0
Class LC 6 Class LC 7 Class LC E Class LC 9 Class LC 10 Class LC 11

Standard

Standard

l Gl
FT (J

Limits
Hole H9
+1.0 Shaft

2 .

Limits
Hole H10
+1.6 Shaft
e9

9 2
d .! aJ H(J 1.0 3.6 1.2

Standard

Limits
Hole H10
+1.6 Shaft d9

=g A
6

Standard

Standard

Limits
Hole H11
+2.5 Shaft
c10

a
.=

Limits
Hole
Shaft

t8

.g i(J
0.6 3.2 0.8 3.8
1.0

'lo
2,5 6.6 2.8
7.6

r(J
4

q)

=
5

Standads

o 0 0
J

Limits Hole
Shaft

o o 0 0 0

IJtz
+4

Hl3

0.3
1.9

-0
+1.2

0.12-0.24 0.24-0.40 0.40.71

0.4 2.3
0.5 2.8

-0
+1.4

-0.3 -0.9 -0.4 -1.1 -0.5

-0
+1.8

-0.6 -1.6 -0.8 -2.0 -1.0 -2.4

-1.2

-0
+1.8

-1.0 -2.0 -1.2

-0
+3.0

-0
Laa

4.2
1.6

-0
Lta

-0
+1.6

-14

4.6
L.2 5.0 1.6 7.1

-0
+2.8

5.2 2.0 6.4

2.5

-0
+2.8

0.6 3.2 0.8

4.0

-0
+2.0

0.7l-t.t9
1.19-1.97

-0
+2.5

1.0
5.1

-0
+3.0

-0.6 -1.6 -0.8 -2.0 -1.0 -2.6

-0
+3.5

-2,8 -1.6 -3.6 -2.0 -4.5 -2.5 -5.5 -3.0 -6.5

-0
+3.5

-0
+4.0

8.0
3.0

-0
+4.0

2.0
8.5 ,E 10.0

-0
+4.5

9.s 4.0
11.5

-0
+4.5

t.97-3.15

1.2

6.0

-0
+3.5

-L2
-3.0
-1.4

-0
+5.0

-0
+5.0

3.154.73
4.73-7.09 7.09-9.85 9.85-].2.41 12.41-15.75

t.4
7.1
1.6 E.1

-0
+4.0

-3.6
-1.6 -4.1

3.0 11.s
3.5 13.s 4.0
15.5

5.0
13.5

-0
+6.0

-0
+6

-2.4 -1.6 -3.0 -2.0 -3.6 -2.5 -4.5 -3.0 -5.5 -4.0 -7.0 -5.0 -8.5

-0
+3.5

3.0 8.7 3.5

10.3

-0
+4.0

-0
+5.0

4.5
13.0 5 15 6 17.5 7

-0
+6

-2.5 -4.1 -2.8 -4.6 -3.0 -5.2 -3.5 -6.3 -4.5 -8.0

t2
4.5

-0
+5

-4 -8
-4.5 -9.5

+6

t7
6

-0
+7

-5
-11

14.5
5

-0
+6

20 7
25 8

-0
+9

-6
-13

= 0
g.

t7
6

-0
+7

-5
-11

-0
+10

-7
-16

'n

oo
I

20 7 23

-0
+8

-6
-13

?a
10

-0
+12

-8
-18 -10 -,,,, -12 -28
3 o
--,

-0
+7

-0
+9

-5 -9 -6
-10.5

I
28 10

-7 -0 -ls +10 -8 -0 -18

+12

34

-0
+16

t2
14 50

-0
+18

o 0

-10
-11

34
11

-0
+14

-r',
-25

-0
+22

-t4
-32 -16
-3E -18

z
0

2t
8 24
10

-0
+10

-7
-12

t6
60
18 68 22 78 ? 88

39

-0
+16

-0
+25

-0
+4.5

-0
+7.0

2.0
9.3

-0
+5.0

-2.0 -4.8
-F'

a)
to.2
2.5

_),
-ta
-6.0

-0
+8.0

4.5

-0
+6.0

t7.s
5.0
20.0

-0
+9.0

-J.5 -7.5 -4.0 -8.5 -4.5 -9.5

6.0 16.0 7.0

-0
+7

-6
-10

-0
+12

-8
-14 -10 -17 -12 -20 -14 -23

t2
16

-0
+18

-t2
-28 -16 -34 -20 -40

= 0 f g

-0
+7

l8.s
7.0

-0
+8

-7
-11.5

29

-0
+12

52 20
60

-0
+20

-0
+30

-7
-12

l2
32 14 37

20.0 8.0 23.0

-0
+9

-0
+14

-0
L,,

-0
+35

t2.0
"

-0

-0

-5
-11

-0

-8

)t
66

-1|

-0

-0

-))

30
100

-M

-0

-43 -7t -50 -28 -58 -30 -05

o
0

o
o 0 J

From ANSI 84.1-1967 (Rl994). For larger diameters. see the standard.

=
c
o

0,,

"nnf"?ix'::!:"i:i;:,i:::,"":ti,::and

interference fits,for apprication where accuracy of rocarion is important,

e

in thousandths of an inch.
the mating parts.
us values).

0
ao

'
Class

[T

Class LiT 2

Nominal
Size Range, inches

Class IjT 3

f
Class LT 5 Class IjT 6

Standard

Standard
FT

Ft

Limits Hole
Shaft

Standard

Limits
Hole H8 +0.6 Fir
Shaft

Limits
Hole
Shafi

Standrd Fif Hole

Shaft

Standard

Fir
k7 +0.15 +0.2

Limis
Hole

Over To
0-0.12

Fit

Limits Hole H7
Shaft
n7

H7
+0.50

js6 +0.10 -0.2

js7
+0.2

H7

k6

H8

-0.10

+0.4

H7

Shaft n

f g
TI

0 o 0 = 0

0124.24

-0.15
+0.65

-0.10 +0.8 -0 -0.2 +0.5 +0.15 -0.25 +0.7 +0.25 -0 -0.15 +0.95 -0 -0.25
+0.6 +0.2

-0

-0.5

+0.4 +0.5

-0
+0.5

-0.6

+0.8 +0.9

-0.2

-0
+0.7

-0.3
+1.2 +1.35

+0.9

+0.3

-0.2
+0.2

-0
+1.0

-0.3
+0.35 +0.4

+0.5

-0.5

+0.6

+0.5
+0.1

-0.2

-0
+0.8

-0.3s

-0 -0
+0.8

+0.8 +0.9 +1.1 +1.5

-0.7

+0.9

+0.7
+0.1 +0.8 +0.1 +0.9 +0.1

-0
+0,6

-0.2

+1.05

-0.25

-0
+1.0

-0.3
+1.3

-0
+1.2

-0.3
+1.5 +1.8
4.73-7.09
7.09-9.85

-0
+1.4

-0.4

-0
+1.6

+2.1 +2.4 +2.6 +2.9

-0.5

-0
+1.8

-0.6 -0.6 -0.7

-0
+2.0

-0 +r., -0

+0.25 -0.4 -0.25 +1.6 +0.3 -0.5 -0.3 +2.1 +0.3 -0.6 -0.3 +2.4 +0.4 -0.7 -0.4 +2.9 +0.5 -0.8 -0.5 +3.3 +0.6 -0.9 -0.6 +3.7 +0.6 -1.0 -0.6 +4.0 +0.7 -1.0 -0.7 +4.5

-0
+1.2

-0.35 +0.6

-0.5

+0.7 +0.5
+0.1 +0.6 +0.1 +0.7 +0.1 +0.8 +0.1
+1"0

-0
-0

+0.2

-0.8

+0.2s +0.6 +0.3 +0.8

-0.65
+0.15

+0.4

-0
+0.5

-0.8
+0.2 +0.2 +0.2 +0.2 +0.3 +0.4 +0.4 +0.4

-0
+0.6

-0s

+l.tf
+1.2

-0

+0.4
+0.5 +1.1 +0.6 +1.3 +0.7 +1.5 +0.8 +1.9 +1.0 +2.2 +1.2 +2.6 +1.4 +2.6 +1.4 +3.0 +1.6

-1.0 -1.2

+0.2

-0.9

+0.7 +0.9

-0
+0.t

-0
+1.6

-0.6
+0.7 +0.9 +1.1 +1.3

-0.4
+0.5

-0
+1.0

-0.9

-0
+0.8

+0.65 +0.25 +0.8 +0.3 +1.0 +0.4 +1.2 +1.4 +0.6

6o
I

-0
+0.8

o =. o o

-0
+2.2

-0.7

-0.5
+0.7

+l.E +0.6 -0 -0.6

-0
+1.2

-lJ

-0
+1.6

-1.1
+0.2

+l.l
+0.1 +1.3 +0.1 +1.5
+0.1

-0
+1.0

-1.4 -1.7

-0
+1.0

-0
+1.8

-1.3
+0.3 +0.4

-0.8

-0
+1.4

-13
+1.7 +2.1 +2.4 +2.6

-0
+1.2

+l.t

-0
+2.5

1.0

-0
+2.2

1.5

-0.7
+0.8

-0
+1.6

-0
+2.8

-1.1
+1.5

-0.8
+0.9

-0
+1S

-0
+3.0

-1.4
+1.6 +1.8 +2.0

-0.9
+1.0

-0
+2.0

+0.1 +1.1 +0.1 +1.4 +0.2

-0
+1.4

-2.0

1.5

-0
+2.5

+0.4
_aa

-1.9

-1.7

+17
+0.1 +2.0 +0.2 +2.2 +0.2

-0
+1.6

-2.4
-2.8 -3.2

-0
+2.8

+0.4 +0.4 +0.6 +0.6

-0
+1.8

-2.0

-0
+3.5

-7.4

+1.4
+0.2 +1.6 +0.2

_,,.
+2.8

-0
+3.0

-2.6

-0
+2.0

+0.4
+0.6 +0.6

-1.0
+1.0

-0
+2.2

-0

-1.6

-0
+3.5

-2.6

-1.0

-0

-2.4
+3.3

+2.4
+0.2

-0
+2.2

-3.4

+0.7 +1.2 +2.0 -0 +0.8 +t4 +2.4 -0 +1.0 +1.6 +2.8 -0 +1.2 +1.8 +3.2 -0 +1.4 +2.0 +3.4
!ta

-0

g
U,

= 0

l o

'From ANSI B4.t-1967 (F.lgg4 ). For larger diameters, see the standard.

-0

-3.0

-0
+3.8
+1.6

-0

-3.E

-0

a28

Appendix

lnlerference Locolionol Filso-Americon Notionol Slondord

LN Locational interference fits are used where accuracy of location is of prime importance and for parts requiring rigidity and alignment with no special requirements for bore pressure. Such fits are not intended for parts designed to transmit frictional loads from one part to another by virtue of the tightness of fit, as these conditions are covered by force fits.
Basic hole system. Limits are in thousandths of an inch. Limits for hole and shaft are applied algebraically to the basic size to obtain the limits of size for the parts. Data in boldface are in accordance with ABC agreements. Symbols H7,p6,etc., are hole and shaft designations used in ABC System.

Class LN 1

Class
)

LN 2
Standard
()

Class LN 3
I

Nominal
Size Range, inches

o)

Standard

I
.3

Eg
. q)
0 0.45
0 0.5

Limits Hole
H6 +0.25
Shaft n5

TE
tq) l
+0.45 +0.2s +0.5 +0.3 +0.65 +0.4 +0.8

Limits Hole H7 +0.4

Shaft
p6

Eg
.* o)
Fl

Standard Lmifs

Over To

Hole H7 +0.4

Shaft 6

H.r2
0.124.24

-0
+0.3

0 0.65

-0
+0.5

+0.65 +0.4 +0.8 +0.5 +1.0 +0.6 +1.1 +0.7 +1.3 +0.8 +1.6 +1.0 +2,1 +1.4 +2.5 +1.6 +2.8 +1.8 +3.2 +2.0 +3.4 +2.2

0.1 0.7s 0.1 0.9 0.2

-0
+0.5

+0.75 +0.5 +0.9 +0.6

0
0.8

-0
+0.4

-0
+0.6

+0
+0.6

0.2H.40
0.40-0.71

0
0.65 0 0.8 0 1.0

0
1.0

-0
+0.4

-0
+0.7

t2

+1.2
+0.8

-0
+0.7

0
1.1 0 1.3

-0
+0.5

+0,4
+1.0 +0.5 +1.1 +0.6 +1.3

-0
+0.8

0.3 1.4 0.4 0.4 2.0 0.4 2.3 0.6 2.9 0.9 3.5
1.2

+t4
+1.0 +L.7
+1.2 +2.0

-0
+0.8

0.17-t.t9 t.r9-r.97 1.97-i.r5 3.r54.73

4.73-7.09 7.09-9.85 9.85-12.41
u

-0
+0.6

-0
+1.0

t7

-0
+1.0

0
1.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 1.6 0.2 L.9

-0
+0.7

L6
0.2

-0
+1,2

-0
+1.2

+L4
+2,3 +1.6 +2,9 +2.0 +3.5 +2.5 +4.2 +3.0 +4.7
+3.5

-0
+0.9

+0.7
+1.6 +1.0

2.1 0.2
2.5

-0
+1.4

-0
+t.4

-0
+1.0

-0
+1.6

-0
+1.6

+1.9

0.2
2.8

-0
+12

+12
+2.2 +1.4 +2.3

-0
+1.8

-0
+1.8

0.2 2.2
0.2

-0
+1.2

0.2 3,2 0.2 3.4

-0
+2.0

4,2 1.5 4.7

-0
+2.0

2.3

-0

+14

-0

-0

Fom ANSI B4.I-1967 (R1994). For larger diameters, see the standard.

k-H. t

duce more or less permanent assemblies. They are suitable for thin sec-

k fits on light sections. They are about the tightest fits that can be used
s

in medium sections.

0 o 0
c)

1'l

for shrink fits where the heavy pressing forces required are impractical.
Limits for hole and .n^r,

lT Data Symbols H7, I

Chss FN 2 Clss F1\[ 3

o
U,

of size for the parts.

em.

=. f

.tt
Class FlrI

l
Shaft

r
'
Ef

Standard

lee
6
t

Limits
Hole H6 +0.25

iee l

IE

c I

Class

Fft

Sfandard

Limits
Hole
Shaft
s6

,:r

(t,

|
)

Chss FN 5
I

Sandard

se EC

Limits
Hole

EE
Hole H7
0.3 0.95 0.4
1.2

H7
+0.4

H7

e
0.3
1.3

3 o

0.05
0.5

-0
+0.3

+0.5 +0.3 +0.6 +o.4 +0.75 +0.5 +0.8 +0.5 +0.9 +0.6 +1.1 +0.7 +1.2 +0.8 +1.3 +0.9

0.2 0.85 0.2

1.0

Fl +0.95

0.124.24 0.244.40

-0
+0.5

+0.85 +0.6 +1.0 +0.7 +1.4 +1.0 +1.6 +1.2 +1.6 +1.2 +1.9

+0.4

0.1 0.6 0.1 0.7s 0.1 0.8

-0
+0.5

+0.7
+1.2 +0.9 +1.6

-0
+0.4

-0
+0.6

0.4
1.4

-0
+0.6

05
1.7 0.5 2.0 0.6 2.3 0.8 2.5
1.0

+0.7

+1.7

=, o 0

-0
+0.9

+t2
+2.0

= o g
v, 0 a

-0
+0.4

0.4H.56
0.5ffi.71

-0
+0.7

0.6
1.6

0.5
1.6

-0
+0.7

+12
+1.8

-0
+1.0

+1

-0
+0.4

-0
+0.7

0.7
1.8

0.2
0.9

0.5
1.6

-0
+0.7

+1.4
+1.8 +1.4 +2.1 +1.6

-0
+1.0

+2.3 +1.6 +2.5 +1.8 +3.0 +2.2 +3.3 +2.5 +4.0

+3.0

-0
+05

-0
+0.8

0.7
1.8 0.E 2.1 0.E

0.2
1.1

0.6
1.9

-0
+0.8

-0
+1.2

-0
+0.5

0.95-1.19 1.19-1.58

-0
+0.8

+L4
+1.9

0.3

0.6
1.9 0.8

-0
+0.8

3.0 1.3 3.3

L2
0.3
1.3

-0
+0.6

-0
+1.0

+L4
+2.4

+0.E

2.1 1.0
2.6

-0
+1.0

+2.1 +1.6 +2.6 +2.0

-0
+1.2

1.0

+2.3
+1.8 +3.1 +2.5

23
1.5

-0
+1.0

-0

2.4

' ANSI 84.1-1 97 (Rl994)

-0

+l.E

-0

3.1

-0

t4
4.0

-0
+1.6

-0

Class Fl\I1

Clss FN 2
o)

Class tr]\I3
) (J

Class
o)

Fl\I4
Standard
q

Cless trN 5
I

o e

Standard

Sfandard

Standard

Standard

E
F

Limits Hole H6 +0.6

Shaft

.E l c)
0.4

.91

EE
.s q)
Fl
0.8 2.4
0.8

Limits

1:a)

Hole H7
+1.0

Shaft
s6

EE

Limits

Fl
1.2

Hole H7
+1.0

Shaft r6

EE EE
q) Fl
1.8

Limits Hole

Shaft
u6

E .s

Limits Hole H8
+1.6
Shaft

El o
2.4 5.0 3.2 6.2 4.2
,f,

x7 +5.0 +4.0 +6.2 +5.0 +7.2 +6.0 +8.4 +7.0 +9.4 +8.0 +11.6 +10.0 +13.6 +12.0 +13. +x.0 +15.8 +14.0 +17.8 +16.0 +17.8 +16.0 +20.0 +18.0 +22.0 +20.0

'tl 0 0 0 0

+1.4

r.4 1.972.56
2.53.',ts 3.75-3.94
0.6 1.8 0.7

-0
+0.7

-1.0
+1.8 +1.3 +1.9

-0
+L2

+2.4 +1.8

+2.8
-L) ''

+1.0

2.8
1.3

-0
+12

3.4

-0
+t.2

+3.4 +2.8 +4.2 +3.5

o
th
-i,

-0
+1.8

+2.7
+2.0 +2.9 +2.2 +3.7 +2.8 +3.9 +3.0 +4.5 +3.5 +5.0 +4.0 +5.5 +4.5 +6.2 +5.0 +6.2 +5.0 +7.2 +6.0 +7.2 +6.0 +8.2 +7.0 +9.4 +8.0

+3.2

tl
4.2
2.8

-0
+0.7

2.7
1.0

-0
+1.2

3.2
1.8

-0
+1.2

+25
+3.7 +3.0 +4.4 +3.5 +4.9 +4.0 +6.0 +5.0 +6.0 +5.0 +7.0 +6.0 +8.2 +7.0 +8.2 +7.0 +9.2 +8.0 +10.2 +9.0 +10.2 +9.0 +11.4 +10.0

-0
+1.2

-0
+1.8

+4.7
+4.0 +5.9 +5.0 +6.9 +6.0
+E.0

'l'l
l
I

t.9
0.9 24
1.1

-0
+0.9

+1.4
+2.4 +1.8 +2.6

2.9 1.4 3.7

1.

-0
+1.4

3.7 2.1 4.4 2.6 4.9 3.4 6.0 3.4 6.0 4.4 7.0 5.2 8.2 5.2 8.2 6.2 9.2
7.0

-0
+1.4

4.7 3.6 s.9 4.6

6.9

-0
+1.4

-0
+2.2

4.8
E.4

-0
+0.9

-0
+1.4

-0
+1.4

-0
+1.4

-0
+2.2

3.944.73
4.73-5.52 5.52-6.30
6.30-7.09 7.09-7.88 7.88-8.86
8.86_9.85

2.6
1.2 2.9
1.5

-0
+1.0

+2.0
+2.9 +2.2

3.9
1.9

-0
+1.6

-0
+1.6

-0
+1.6

5.8 9.4
7.5

-0
+2.5

0
-1,

-0
+1.0

4.5 2.4 5.0 2.9

5.5

-0
+1.6

-0
+1.6

5.4 8.0 5.4 8.0 6.4 9.0 7.2 10.2 8.2

-0
+1.6

+7.0 +8.0 +7.0 +9.0 +8.0 +10.2 +9.0 +1L.2 +10.0 +13.2 +12.0

Lt6
9.5
13.6

-0
+2,5

o 0 a 0

+3.2
+2.5 +3.5 +2.8 +3.8

3.2
1.8 3.5 1.8 3.8 2.3 4.3

-0
+1.0

-0
+1.6

z
= 0
f
9.
U)

-0
+1.6

-0
+1.6

-0
+2.5

9.s
13.6

-0
+1.2

-0
+1.8

-0
+1.8

-0
+1.8

-0
+1.2

+3.0
+4.3 +3.5 +4.3 +3.5

3.2 6.2 3.2 6.2 4.2

7.2 4.0

lt2
15.8 13.2 17.8

-0
+2.8

-0
+1.8

-0
+1.8

-0
+1.8

-0
+2.8

-0
+t.2

-0
+1.8

-0
+1.8

tt.2
10.2 13.2 10.0 13.2 L2.0 15.2 13.8

-0
+1.8

-0
+2.8

o
0

23 43
2.8 4.9 2.8 4.9 3.1 5.5

t3.2
17.8

-0
+1.2

-0
+2.0

-0
+2.0

-0
+2.0

-0
+3.0

o
o o a

9.85-11.03

+4.9
+4.0 +4.9 +4.0 +5.5 +4.5

+t3.2
+12.0

ls.0
20.0
17.0

-0
+1.2

7.2 5.0 8.2 5.8 9.4

-0
+2.0

r0.2
7.0

-0
+2.0

-0
+2.0

-0
+3.0

11.03-12.4I
12.47-13.98

-0
+1.4

-0
+2.2

r0.2

-0
-1,, .,

-0
-)-)

+15.2 +14.0

=
c
0

22.0
18.5

-0

-0

lt4

7.8

-0
+3.5

+I7.4
+16.0

+4.2
+22.0

-0

t7.4

-0

4.2

+0

' From ANSI 8,4.1-1967 (Rf 994). For larger diameters, see the standard.

f
o
Dimensions are in millimeters.
Basic Sizes

= o q
tT2
0.0012 0.0015 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.0025 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010
0.011

Up to Ove
nd

ITOI
0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 0.000s 0.0006 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.002 0.002s 0.003 0.004 0.0045 0.005 0.005s 0.0065 0.008 0.009
0.01 1

ITO

IT1
0.0008 0.001
0.001

Including
0
3 6 10 18
J

IT3
0.002 0.0025 0.0025 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.010

IT4
0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.010

IT5
0.004 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.009 0.011 0.013

IT6
0.006 0.008 0.009
0.011

IT7
0.010

rTE

IT9
0.025
0.030 0.036 0.043

ITlO
0.040 0.048 0.058 0.070 0.084 0.100

IT11

rt2
0.100

IT13

tr14
0.250 0.300 0.30 0.430

ITT5

rT16

0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.001 0.0012 0.0015 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.011 0.013 0.015 0.018

6 10 18

0.014 0.018 0.022 0.o27 0.033 0.039 0.046 0.054 0.063 0.o72

0.060 0.07s 0.090

0.1 10

0.140 0.180

0.012
0.015 0.018 o.021 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.046 0.052 0.057 0.063 0.070 0.080 0.090 0.105

0.400 0.480 0.580 0.700 0.840 1.000

0.600 0.750 0.900 1.100 1.300 1.600 1.900

0.120
0.1s0 0.180

g' o o J o o

0.0012 0.0015 0.0015 0.002 0.002s 0.0035

0.220
0.270 0.330 0.390

0
o o oo

30 50 80 720
180

30 50 80 120
180

0.013 0.016 0.019 0.022 0.025 0.029

o.052 0.062 0.074

0.087 0.100
0.1

0.130 0.160 0.190

o.210
0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400 0.460 0.520 0.570 0.630 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.050 1.250 1.500 1.750
I

0.120
0.140 0.160 0.185 0.210

0.0r5
0.018 0.020

0.460
0.540 0.630

0.520 0.620 0.740

0.870 1.000

t.2M
1.400 1.600 1.850

0.012
0.014 0.016 0.018

0.220
0.250

250
315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250
1

2s0
315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250

t5

2.200 2.500

0.012
0.013 0.015 0.0t 6 0.018 0.02r

0.290

0.023
0.02-s

0.032
0.036 0.040

0.720
0.810 0.890

r.150

0.130 0.140

29U)
3.200
3.600 4.000

0320
0.360 0.400

2.1m
2.300

o.020
0.022 0.025 0.029 0.034 0.040 0.048 0.057 0.069

0.027 0.030
0.03-5

0.r55

0.230 0.250
0.280

0.044
0.050 0.056 0.066 0.078

0.970
1.100 1.250 1.400 1.650 1.950

0.I75
0.200

0.013 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.025 0.030 0.036

0.440
0.-500

4.400
5.000 5.600 6.600 7.800 9.200 11.000 13.500

0.320
0.360

0.040 0.046 0.054 0.065 o.077 0,093

0.230 0.260
0.310 0.370

0.024
0.029 0.035 0.041 0.050

0.560 0.660 0.780 0.920

600

0.420
0.500 0.600 0.700 0.860

r600
2000 2500
u "

2000

0.t25
0.150 0.175 0.210

25U)
3150

0.092
0.110 0.135

23ml
2.800
I I

0.013

0.440
0.540

r.100
1.350

;iJ1]iiyLt1,::*

From rrom ANSI 8,4.2-1978 (P.1gg4 84.2-1978 (R 1994). grades arger than rr16 can be catculatcd by using rhe formulas:rr17

2.100

3.3rn

: rr x 10.

q,

Dimensions are in millimeters. Loose Running Basic

Size

Hole

Hl1
1.060 1.060

Ftr
0.940
0.880 0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060 0.220 0.070 0.220 0.070 7.02s
1.000 1.22s

Max

17

Ftr
0.030 0.006 0.030 0.036 0.030 0.006 0.030 0.006 0.030 0.006 0.030 0.006 0.040 0.010 0.040 0.010 0.040 0.010 0.050
0.013 1.010 1.000
1.21,0

Min
12
1.6

0.980
0.955 1.180 1.155 1.580 1.555 1.980 1.955

Fir
0.998

Max

0.070 0.020 0.070

7.014
1.000

0.994
0.984

Fif
1.010 1.000 1.000

q
J*

JO

>;

0.0i8
0.002 0.018

Min
Max

1.260 1.200
1.660 1.600

I.140
1.080

0.992
1.198

7.2M
L.62s

1.2I4
1.200
1..614 1.600

I.194
1.184 L.594
1.584

0.994
L.200 7.194
1.600

0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000

8P

0.020
0.070 0.020 0.070

Min
Max

1.540
1.480

r.200
1.610 1.600

1.210

7.192
1.598

0.002
0.018

r.2M
1.610 1.600 2.0LO

'o

r.600
2.025

2.060

Min
2.5

1.940
1.880

1.592
1.998

2.000 2.560 2.500

3.060 3.000 4.075 4.000 5.07s 5.000 6.075 6.000 8.090 8.000
10.090 10.000

2.000
2.525 2.500 3.025 3.000 4.030 4.000 s.030 5.000 6.030 6.000 8.036 8.000
10.036 10.000

2.0I4
2.W0

0.o02
0.018 0.002 0.018 0.002 0.018 0.002

Max

0.020
0.070 0.020 0.070

Min
Max

2.440 2.380 2.940

2.880

1.994 7.984

1.594

00

2.480 2.45s 2.980 2.95s 3.970 3.940 4.970 4.940 5.970 5.940 7.960 7.924
9.960

2.010 2.000

1.992

2.000

2.494 2.484 2.994 2.984

3.990

2.W0

2.5t0
2.500
3.010 3.000

I.994
2.500 2.494
3.000

2.498
2.492

2.5I0
2.500
3.010 3.000

Min
Max

0.020
0.090 0.030 0.090 0.030 0.090 0.030 5.000 .018 6.000

Min
Max Min Max

3.930
3.85s

2.998 2.992 3.996

3.988

o
o o 0

9o JA

9o' s'

2.994
4.000

4.012
4.000

oo
o o

o6'

4.930
4.855 5.930 5.85s 7.920 7.830 9.920 9.830
11.905

3.978 4.990 4.978

5.990

0.024
0.004 0.024 0.004 0.024 0.004 0.029 0.005 o.029
0.005

4.072
4.000

0.020
0.000 0.020 0.000

3.992
5.000

5.0I2
5.000

4.996
4.988

5.012
5.000

Min
Max

0.220
0.070 0.260 0.080

4.992
6.000

6.0L2
6.000 8.015 8.000
10.015 10.000 12.018

5.978
7.987 7.972 9.987
9.972

5.996
5.988 7.995

6.012
6.000 8.015 8.000
10.015 10.000

0.020
0.000 0.024 0.000 0.024 0.000 0.029 0.000 0.029 0.000

Min
10 12

0.112
0.040

8.U2
8.000
70.022 10.000 12.027 12.000 76.027 16.000

5.992
8.000 7.991
10.000 9.991

-rt

Max

Min
Max

0.260
0.080
0.315 0.095 0.315

0.112
0.040 0.736 0.050 0.136 0.050 0.169
0.065

7.986
9.995

6o
I

9.924
11.950

0.050
0.013 0.061

12.110

Min
t6
20

12.0M
16.110 16.000

12.043
12.000

9.986 11.994
11.983

17.795
15.905

Max

71.907
15.950 15.907

77.984

1r.966
15.984 15.966 19.980

0.016
0.061

Min
Max

16.043
16.000

12.000
16.018 16.000

0.035 0.006 0.035 0.006

0.041

72.018 12.000
16.018

12.0{n
11.989 16.000 15.989

15.795
19.890

0.095 0.370 0.110

15.994
15.983

Min
Max

20.130 20.000 25.130 25.000 30.130 30.000

0.016

19.760 24.890 24.760 29.890 29.760

20.052 20.000

19.935
19.883

20.033 20.000 25.033

16.000 20.027 20.000 25.021 2s.000 30.027 30.000

Min
30
u

0.370
0.110 0.370 0.110
O

19.9s9

25.052
25.000 30.052 30.000

0.074 0.020 0.074 0.020

0.074

20.021 20.000 25.027 25.000 30.027 30.000

Max

24.935 24.883 29.935 29.883

19.993 19.980 24.993

20.000
19.987

0.769 0.06s

0.007 0.041 0.007

0.041

0.034
0.000

25.0
30.033 30.000

24.980 24.9s9
29.980 29.959

24.980
29.993 29.980

Min

25.000 24.987 30.000 29.987

0.034
0.000

Fon ANSI B,4.2-tg7},*rnn4r.ao.

0.020

0.007

0.034
0.000

\r\r77rrr. rur usrrptruil ut plglErrgu Ilts. see laDle lz.z.

>3
Dimensions are in millimeters. Loose Running Basic
Size 40
50 60 80 100

o
Sliding
Shaft
96 40.025 40.000 50.025 50.000 60.030 60.000 80.030 80.000
100.035 100.000 120.035 120.000

lo

Flee Running

Close Running

Locstional Clearance

Hole
H11 40.r60
40.000 50.160 50.000 60.190 60.000 80.190 80.000

Shaft

Hole

cl1
39.880 39.720 49.870 49.710 59.860 59.670 79.950 79.660 99.830 99.610
119.600

Fir
0.440
0.120 0.450 0.130 0.520 0.140 0.530
0.r 50

H9
40.062 40.000 50.062 50.000 60.074 60.000 80.074 80.000
100.087 100.000 720.087 120.000 160.100 160.000

Shaft d9
39.920 39.858 49.920 49.858 59.900 59.826 79.900 79.826 99.880 99.793
119.880

Shaft

Ft
0.204
0.080 40.039 40.000 50.039 50.000 60.046 60.000 80.046 80.000

fl

Fir
0.089 0.025 0.089 0.025 0.106 0.030 0.106 0.030

Ftt
0.050 0.009 0.050 0.009 0.059 0.010 0.059 0.010 0.069 40.025 40.000 50.025 50.000 60.030 60.000 80.030 80.000
100.035 100.000 120.035 120.000

h6
40.000 39.984 50.000 49.984 60.000
59.981

Fir
0.041

Max

Min
Max

39.975 39.950 49.975 49.950 59.970 59.940 79.970 79.940 99.964 99.929

39.991 39.975

-1 o
''

J-

0.000
0.041

0.204
0.080

Min
Max

49.99I
49.975 59.990 59.971 79.990 79.971 99.988 99.966 119.988

0.000 0.049 0.000 0.049 0.000

0.057

0.248
0.100

Min
Max

g' Oo

s
f

0.248
0.100 0.294

Min
Max

80.000

79.98r
100.000

0'

t00.220
100.000 120.000 160.000

Min
r20
160

0.610 0.170

i00.054
100.000

0.t25
0.036 0.125 0.036

dg

0.t20
0.294

0.012
0.069

99.978
120.000

0.000
0.057

Max

120.220 tI9.820 160.250 r59.790

0.620
0.180 0.710

Min
Max

1t9.793
159.855

0.L20
0.345
0.145

t20.054 r19.964 120.000 1t9.929

160.063 160.000

I19.966

0.012
0.079 0.014 0.090 0.015 0.090
0.015 0.101

iq lo
v'

1L9.978

0.000
0.065

Min
200
250 300 400 500
a

i59.540

0.2t0
0.820

ts9.755

t59.957 ts9.917

o.t46
0.043

160.000 159.986 160.000 159.961 200.046 199.985 200.000 199.956 250.046 249.985 250.000 249.956 300.052 299.983 300.000 299.95r 400.057 399.982 400.000 399.946 500.063 499.980 500.000 499.940

160.040 160.000 160.000 r59.975 200.046 200.000 200.000 199.971 250.046 250.000 250.000 249.97t 300.052 300.000 300.000 299.968 400.057 400.000 400.000 399.964 500.063 500.000 500.000 499.960

0.000
0.075

Max

Min
Max

200.290 r99.760 200.000 I99.470 250.290 249.720 250.000 249.430 300.320 299.670 300.000 299.350 400.360 399.600 400.000 399.240 500.400 499.520 500.000 499.I20

0.240
0.860 0.280 0.970 0.330

200.175 199.830 200.000 t99.715

250.115 249.830 250.000 249.7t5

0.400 0.170 0.400 0.170 0.450 0.190 0.490

200.072 199.950 200.000 r99.904 250.072 249.950 250.000 249.904 299.944 300.000 299.892
300.081

0.168 0.050 0.168 0.050 0.189 0.056 0.208

b9 o.ll

td

0.000
0.075

Min
Max

0.000 0.084 0.000

0.093

Min
Max

300.130 299.8t0 300.000 299.680 400.140 399.790 400.000 399.650 s00.15s 499.770 500.000 499.615

0.017
0.111

t.120
0.400

Min
Max

0.2r0
0.540

400.089 399.938 400.000 399.881 500.097 499.932 500.x) 499.869

0.062 0.228
0.068

0.018

0.000
0.103

t.280
0.480

Min

0.r23
0.020

o.230

0.000

From ANSI 84.2-1978 (R1994). For description of preferred fits, see Tble 12.2.

Dimensions are in millimeters. Force Shaftl

N
Hole H7
1.010 1.000 7.O24 1.018

>! rd
Ftr.

k6
1

Flr
1.010 0.006 1.004 -0.010 1.210 0.006
| I I

H7
1.010 1.000

Fir -0.004
-0.020

qd'
8P
2S o ==. 00
o_d

Max

1.006 1.000

Min
1.2 1.6 2 2.5 J

Max

t.206
1.200 1.606 1.600

L2l0
t.200
1.610 1.600

-0.004
-0.020

r.270
1.2m
1.610
1.600

Min
Max

r.204 -0.010
1.610

t.224 1.2I8 t.624

1.618

0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 "-0.010 0.004 3.010 3.000

Min
Max

t.604 -0.010
2.010

2.006
2.000 2.506

2.0r2
2.006 2.572 0.004 2.506 -0.012
3.O12

Min
Max

2.004 -0.010

2.010 2.000

2.5t0
2.500 3.010 3.000
0.011

2.510 3.010 3.004

2.5rO
2.500 3.010 3.000

-0.004 -0.020 -0.004 2.014 -0.020 2520 -0.004

2.574 -0.020
3.020

z.ol0
2.000

2.024

2.0t8
2.524

2.5t0

Min
Max

2500
3.006 3.000 4.009
4.001

2.504 -0.010

2500
3.010 3.000

2.518
3.O24

0.004

Min
4
5

3.006

-0.0r2

-0.004 3.0r4 -0.020

4.027

3.018
4.031

-0.008 -o.024 -0.008 -0.o24 -0.008 -0.o24 -0.008 -0.o24 -0.008 -o.o24 -0.008 -0.024

9'

9x o
0 a

0'
.=
9.

Max

4.0t2
4.000

4.016
4.008 5.016 5.008
6.016

4.0r2
4.000

Min
Max 5.0r2
5.000

-0.009
0.011

-0.016
0.004

4.020 0.000 4.012 -0.020

s.020 5.Or2 6.020 8.024
8.015

4.0t2
4.000

-0.007 4.0t9 -0.027

5.027 5.019
6.O27

4.0t2
4.000

-0.011 4.023 -0.031

5.031

Min
6

5.009 5.001 6.009 6.001

5.0t2
5.000

5.0t2
5.000 6.Or2 6.000
8.015

0.000

5.012
5.000

-0.009
0.011

-0.016
0.004

-0.020
0.000 0.000

-0.007 -0.027 -0.007 -o.027

5.0r2
5.000 6.Ot2 6.000
8.015

5.023
6.031

-0.011 -0.031 -0.011 -0.031 -0.013 -0.037 -0.013 -0.037 -0.015

= o
a 0

Max

6.0t2
6.000
8.015

6.0t2
6.000
8.015

6.012
6.000
8.015

Min
8

-0.009
0.014

6.008
8.019

-0.016
0.005

6.0t2 -0.020 -0.024

0.000

6.019
8.023

6.023
8.037

Max

8.010
8.001 10.010 10.001

8.032 -0.008

Min
10

8.000

-0.010
0.014

8.000
10.015 10.000 12.018 12.000 16.018 16.000

8.010

-0.019
0.005

8.000
10.015

8.000
10.015

Max

i0.015
10.000

i0.019
10.010

r0.024
10.015

-0.032 r0.o32 -0.008

t0.023
12.039

8.000
10.015

8.028
L0.037 10.028 12.O44

f o =
o o o o 0
'1

Min

-0.010
0.017

-0.0i9
0.006

10.000 12.078 12.000

16.018 16.000

-0.o24
0.000

10.000
12.018 12.000 16.018 16.000 20.021.

10.000

t2
16

Max

12.0L8
12.000 16.018 16.000 20.081

12.0t2

Min
Max

t2.00t
t6.0r2
16.001 20.015

72.023 12.012

-0.023
0.006

t2.029 12.0r8
16.029
16.018

-0.029
0.000

t2.028
16.039 16.028

12.033
76.O44 16.033

-0.044
-0.015 -0.044 -0.020 -0.054
-0.061

t6.023
16.072 20.028
20.015

Min
20 25 30

-0.023
0.006

-0.029 -0.001 -0.035 -0.001 -0.035 -0.001

-0.03-5

Max

20.02r
20.000 25.021 25.000
30.021

Min
Max

20.000 25.021 25.000

30.021

20.002 25.015 25.002

30.015 30.002

-0.028
0.006

20.021 20.000 25.021 25.000

30.021

20.035 20.022 2s.035 25.022

30.035 30.022

20.000
25.021,

20.048 20.035 25.048 2s.035 30.048 30.035

20.054 20.047 25.048

30.061

o
I

25.028
25.015

25.06r -0.027 -0.027 -0.061

Min
Max

-0.028
0.006

25.000 30.021 30.000

30.028
30.01-5

Min

30.000

30.000

-0.028

30.000

30.048

nFrom ANSI 84.2-978 (R1994).

N
Dimensions are in millimeters.

Loctional hamn.
Basic
Size 40
50 60 80 100

Loctionl lansn.

Locational Interf. Hole

Shaft

Medium Drive Hole I Shsft I lH7 l.e

40.025 40.000 50.o25 50.000 60.030 60.000 80.030 80.000
100.035
I

Hole

H7
40.025 40.000 50.025 50.000 60.030 60.000 80.030 80.000
100.035 100.000 120.035 120.000 160.000

I Shft
n6
40.018 40.002 50.018 50.002 60.o21 60.002
80.021

Forcc

>3 lo 0d
Flr

Flr

H7
40.025 40.000 50.o25 50.000 60.030 60.000 80.030 80.000
100.035 100.000

p6

Fir

Flr
40.025 40.000 50.025 50.000 60.030 60.000 80.030 80.000

Max

Min
Max

I 40.O2s
40.000
50.025

Min
Max

50.000 0.028

40.033 0.08 40.0r7 -0.033 50.033 0.008 50.017 -0.033 60.039 0.010 60.020 -0.039 80.039 0.010 80.020 -0.039 0.012

40.042 -0.001 40.026 -0.042 50.042 -0.001 50.026 -0.042

60.051

40.059 -0.018 40.o43 -0.059 50.059 -0.018 50.043 -0.0s9

60.072

40.076 -0.035 40.060 -0.o76 50.086 -0.045 50.070 -0.086 60.106 -0.057 60.087 -0.106
80.121

sR zS

''

e.

Min
Max

-0.02t
0.028

60.030 60.000 80.030 80.000

100.000 120.000 160.040 160.000

-0.002 60.032 -0.051

-0.023

g'

Min
Max

80.002
100.025 100.003

-0.02t
-0.02s
-0.025
0.037

80.05i -0.002
80.032 -0.051
100.059 100.037

0.032 100.035 100.045 0.032 120.035

60.053 -0.072 80.078 -0.029 80.059 -0.078

-0.o72

o
a0 0f ^a =o
=J o!

9o J

80.102

-0.12t

0'

Min
t20
160

Max

120.025
120.003 160.003

Min
Max

160.040 160.028

Min
200

-0.028

Max

Min
250
300 400
500

200.M6 200.033 0.042 2W.046 200.000 200.ffi4 -0.033 200.000

250.046 250.000 300.052 300.000 400.057
2100.000

Max

0.042

250.046

Min
Max

-0.033 250.000
0.048 300.052 -0.036 300.000 0.0s3 400.057

Min
Max

100.093 -0.036 100.035 100.146 -0.002 -0.089 -0.0s9 100.000 100.071 -0.093 100.000 Im..n4 -0.146 120.M5 0.012 120.035 I20.059 -0.002 120.035 I20.lDt -0.l4 120.035 120-166 -0.109 t20.o23 -0.045 120.000 120.o37 -0.059 120.000 r20.o79 -0.101 120.000 t20.144 -0.166 160.052 0.013 160.040 160.068 -0.003 160.040 160.I2s -0.060 160.040 t60.215 -0.150 160.027 -0.052 160.000 160.043 -0.068 160.000 160.100 -o.725 160.000 160.190 -o.21s 200.060 0.015 200.046 200.o79 -0.004 200.046 2W.r5r -0.076 2W.046 2.265 -0.190 200.031 -0.060 200.000 200.050 -0.o79 200.000 200.122 -0.151 200.000 200.236 -o.265 250.060 0.015 250.046 250.079 -0.004 250.046 250.t69 -0.094 250.U6 250.313 -0.238 -0.060 250.000 250.050 -0.079 250.000 250.140 -0.169 250.000 -0.313 0.018 300.052 300.088 -0.004 300.052 -0.118 300.052 -0.298 300.056 -0.088 300.000 -0.066 -0.202 -0.382

l0[.023 -0.045

=
0 0 0

Min
Max

0.020

-0.M0 400.ffn
0.058 500.063
t

-0.o73
0.023

400.098 -0.005 400.057 400.062 -0.098 400.000 500.108 -0.005 500.068 -0.108 500.063 500.000

Min

500.063 500.000

-0.151 -0.244

-0.378

-o.47I
-o.477

o
11
ID

c)

-0.045 s00.0001

-0.080

-0.189
-0.292

From ANSI 84.2-197 8 (R194).

-0.580

0
I

!l

Dimensions are in millimeters. Loose Running

Fhee

Running
h9

(,
Close Running

Hole c11

Shsft

Locational Clearance

Flr
1.000

Hole
FTT

L I.2 1.6 2 2.5

FE

Max

Flt
1.000

}T -to
0'

7.I20
1.060

trII
I.OT2 1.000

Min
Max

0.940

0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060 0.180 0.060

1.045

1.000

Fif
1.010 1.000 T.2IO 1.000

1.020 1.245 7.220

0.975 1..2N 0.175

1.600

Min
Max

1.320 1.260

Lzn
0.140
1.600

0.070 0.020 0.070 0.020 0.070 0.020 0.070 0.020 0.070 0.020 0.070

7.U0
1.006

0.990 L.200 1.190

1.600 1.590

0.030 0.006 0.030 0.006 0.030 0.006 0.030 0.006 0.030 0.006 0.030 0.006 0.040 0.010 0.040 0.010 0.040 0.010 0.050 0.013 0.050 0.013
0.061

0.018

1.002
7.212

0.994
1.200

0.002
0.018 0.002 0.018

1.220

0.994

0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.020 0.000

g8

t.720
1.660

t.2M
1.620
1.606

Min
iNdax

L.g5
1.620 2.045

t.202
1.612

1.t94
1.600

r.200
1.194
1.600

1.2
1.610 1.600

-7 io
''

0.540

0.575

Min
Max

2.L20 2.060 2.620 2.560 3.120

3.060 4.145
4.O70

2.0
1.940

1.602 2.012

1.594 2.000

2.000

0.002
0.018

2.020

L.594

2.020 2.545 2.s20

3.045

t.975

2.m6
2.520 2.506
3.O20

2.000 1.990

2.500

Min
Max

2.40
3.000

2.5n
2.475

2.n2
2.5t2
2_502

2.0IO
2.000

t.994

2.W
7.994 2.500 2.494
3.000

0.002
0.018

2.5n
2.490
3.000

2.5
2.494
3.000

Min
Max

3.000

0.2
0.018 0.002

2.510 2.5
3.010 3.000

2.940
4.000 3.925 5.000 4.925 6.000 5.925 8.000

3.020
4.060
4.O30

2.975
4.000

0.020
0.090 0.030 0.090 0.030 0.090 0.030

3.0t2
3.002 4.016 4.004
5.016 5.004 .016 6.004 8.020 8.005
10.020 10.005

3.006

2.990
4.000 3.988 5.000 4.988 6.000 5.988 8.000 7.98s 10.000 9.985 12.000

Min
Max

0.220
0.070

2.994
4.000

4.028
4.010 5.028 5.010

2.994
4.000

r og
o 0 J o 0
6

xo

q;

dg

3.970
5.000

0.o24
0.004 0.024 0.004

4.012
4.000

Min
Max

5.145 5.070 6.145

0.220
0.070

5.060 5.030 6.060 6.030

3.992
5.000

3.992
5.000

4.970
6.000

5.0t2
5.000

Min
Max

0.220
0.070

4.992
6.000

6.070
8.170 8.080

6.028
6.010 8.035
8.013 10.035 10.013

4.992
6.000

5.970
8.000

0.u4
0.004 0.029 0.00s 0.u29 0.005 0.035 0.006 0.03s 0.006
0.041

6.012
6.000 8.01s 8.000
10.015

Min
10

o.260
0.080

8.076
8.040
L0.o76 10.040

5.992
8.000 7.991 10.000 9.991

0.020
0.000

7.9t0
10.000

0.112
0.040

5.9y2
8.000

l!

7.9&
10.000

o.024
0.000

Max

to.t70
10.080 12.205 12.095

Min
Max

0.260
0.080 0.315 0.095 0.315
0.095

9.910
12.000 11.890 16.000 15.890

0.tLz
0.040 0.136 0.050 0.136 0.050 0.169 0.065 0.169 0.065 0.169 0.065

7.991
10.000 9.997 12.000 11.989 16.000 15.989 20.000 19.987 25.000 24.987 30.000 29.987

9.964

0.024
0.000 0.029 0.000 0.029 0.000 0.034 0.000

Min

12.093
12.050 16.093 16.050

l2.w
It.957
16.000 Ls.957 20.000 19.948 25.000 24.948 30.000 29.948

t2.M3
12.016 L6.043
16.016

10.000 12.018

12.024

t6

Max

t6.205
16.09s

r1.982
16.000

t2.w
11.989 16.000 15.989 20.000 19.987 25.000 24.987 30.000 29.987

0.016
0.061

t2.006 t6.024
16.006 20.028 20.007

t2.0
16.018

Min
Max

20.240

t5.982
20.000

20.000
19.870

0.016

Min
25

20.t10
25.240

0.370 0.110

20.t17
20.065

16.000 20.021 20.000

Max

20.053 20.020

0.o74

t9.979
25.000 24.979 30.000 29.979

Min
30

25.tL}
30.240 30.110

25.000 24.870 30.000 29.870

0.370
0.110 0.370 0.110

0.a0
0.074
0.020

25.t17 25.M5 30.1t7

30.065

0.007
0.041

25.0s3
25.020 30.0s3 30.020

25.U8
25.O07

25.U\
25.000

0.034
0.000 0.034 0.000

Max

0.007
0.041

Min

" From ANSI B.4.Z-tg7B (R1994).

0.074 0.020

30.o28 30.007

30.o2r
30.000

0.007

\r\ r 774).

>T
Dimensions are in millimeters.

d$
Hole
G7

Hole Fir
40 50 60
80 100

I
I

Hole D9
40.142

8'N l* ntl
40.000 39.984 50.000 49.984 60.000
59.981

Ft
40.000 39.938 50.000 49.938 60.000 59.926 80.000 79.926 00.000 99.913
1 20.0001

Max

Min
Max

0.440 0.120
50.130 60.330 60.140 80.340 80.150
100.390 100.170

ir
0.041

o.204
0.080

40.080
50.142

|
I

40.0fl
qo.ozs 50.064

10.000

39.975 s0.000 49.975 60.000 59.970 80.000 79.970 100.000 99.96s 0.089 0.o25 0.106 0.030 0.106 0.030 0.125 0.036

40.034 40.009 50.034 50.009 60.040 60.010 80.040 80.010

0.0s0 0.009 0.050 0.009 0.059 0.010 0.059 0.010 0.069 60.000 80.030 80.000
100.035

Min
Max

0.450 0.130

o.204
0.080

0.000
0.041

q-9 ''
Q

=1

50.080 60.L74 60.100 80.774 80.100

100.207

50.025 60.076 60.030 80.076 80.030

100.090 100.036

dE

0.520
0.140 0.530 0.150

Min
Max

0.248
0.100

0.000 0.049 0.000 0.049 0.000 99.978 120.000 0.057 0.000 0.057 0.000 0.06s 0.000
0.075

q;
*8 xo
o6

Min
Max

0.248
0.100

80.000 79.981 100.000 99.978 120.000 119.978 160.000

Min

99.t80

0.610 0.170

o.294 0.L20 0.294

t20
160

Max

120.4

0.620
0.180

o.0t2
0.069

100.000
120.035

Min
Max

t20.090 120.000
720.036 tlg.965
160.106 160.043

0.125
0.036

o.t20
0.345 0.L45 0.400

i8 Lci
)o
o
I

Min
200 250
300 400 500

0.7t0 0.2t0
0.820

0.0t2
0.079 0.014 0.090
0.015

120.000

0.146
0.043 0.168 0.050 0.168 0.050 0.189 0.056 0.208

Max

Min
Max

0.240
0.860 0.280

0.t70
0.400 0.170 0.450 0.190 0.490

'4

'lr

0.000
0.075

Min
Max

0.090 0.015
0.101

0.970
0.330

0.000 0.084 0.000 0.093 0.000

0.103

Min
Max

t.t20
0.400 1.280 0.480

0.017
0.111

Min
Max

0.210
0.540

0.062 0.228
0.068

0.018

Min
"From ANSI 84.2-7978 (R1994).

0.230

0.123
5.020

0.000

Dimensions are in millimeters.

i
Locational Interf.

Loctional Thansn. Hole K7

1

Locational bansn. Hole N7

0.996 0.986 1.196
1.186

MediumDrive Hole
s7
0.986

Force

>3

Ft
1.000

Shaft h6
1.000

Hole trtr
0.002

P7
0.994 0.984

Shaft h6
1.000 1..200

Ft
0.000 0.000

Shaft h6
1.000

rd
Fif

trTr

00'

Max

1.000

0.006

-0.008

0982
0.972

1.000

-0.0I2 -0.0t2

8f{
'q

Min
1.2

0.990
1.200 1.190 1.600

0.994

-0.010
0.006

0.994 L.200
1.600

-0.014
0.002 0.002 0.002

0.994 -0.016
1,.r94 -0.016 1.600 0.000 1.594 -0.016 2.000 7.994 0.000

0.976
1.186

o.994

Max

t.2
1.194
1.600

t.194
1.184

Min
t.6
2

-0.010
0.006 0.006

t.r94 -0.014
t.594 -0.014
2.000 7.994 2.500 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 8.000
10.000

T.I76
1.586
1..576

-0.024 t.2w -0.008 1.194 -0.024

1.600

0.994 -0.028

t.182
7.172 1.582 1.572

T.2N
1.600

2<
==, 0c)

Lr94 -0.028

Max

r.596
1.586

r.594
1.584

Min
Max

1.s90 2.000
1.990

t.594 -0.010
2.000 7.994

-0.008 t.594 -0.024

2.000 2.500 3.000 2.994 4.000

-0.012 t.594 -0.028

2.000
1..994

7.996
1.986

Min
2.5 J

-0.010

-0.014
0.002 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.004
0.005 0.005

t.994 1.9U
2.494
2.484

1.986

-0.008
-0.008 -0.008

r.982
1.972

-0.0r2
-0.028

2 9 lsr

-0.016

t.976 2.486
2.476

r.994 -0.024
2.494 -0.024

ag.

Max

2.500

Min
Max

2.490
3.000

2.5 0.006 2.494 -0.010

3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 8.000
10.000

2.496 2.486 2.996 2.986 3.996

2.494 -0.014 2.994 -0.014 3.992 -0.016 4.992 -0.016 5.992 -0.016

2.500 0.000 2.494 -0.016

3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 8.000
10.000

2.482
2.472

25W
2.494 3.000 4.000

-0.012
-0.028

9o i0

xe.

0.006
0.011 0.011 0.011

2.994

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Min
4
5

2990
4.003 3.991
5.003

2.994 -0.010 3.992 -0.009 4.992 -0.009 5.992 -0.009

0.014 0.014
0.017

2984
3.992
3.980

2.994 -0.016 3.992 -0.020 4.992 -0.020

2.986 2.976
3.985

2.982
2.972
3.981

-0.0r2

-0.024

2.994 -0.028

ol
f

Max

Min
Max

3984
4.996 4.984 5.996
5.984 7.996 7.987 9.996
9.981 11.995

3.973
4.985

-0.007 3.992 -o.027

5.000 6.000 8.000 7.991 10.000 9.997 12.000 11.989
16.000 15.989

3.969

-0.011 3.992 -0.031

5.000 6.000 8.000
10.000

0 a
I'

4.992
4.980

-0.007

4.98I
4.969
5.981

-0.011

' 0

Min
6
8

4.991
6.003

4.973 5.985 5.973 7.983

4.992 -0.027

4.992 -0.031

Max

5.992
5.980 7.997 7.976

Min
Max

5.991
8.005

5992 -0.020
7.99r -0.024
9.991 12.000
11.989

-0.007 5.992 -0.027

5.969

-0.011 5.992 -0.031 -0.013 7.99r -0.037 -0.013 9.991 -0.037 -0.015

o
f
0

Min
10 72
16

7.990
10.005

7991 -0.010 9.99r -0.010

12.000
11.989

7.99r -0.019
9.991 12.000 11.989
16.000 15.989

7.968
9.983

-0.008 -0.o32
-0.008

7.978
7.963

Max

9.99r
9.976
11.989

9.978

Min
Max

9.990 12.006
11.988 16.006 15.988

-0.019
0.006

-0.024
0.000

9.968

-0.032
-0.010 -0.039

9963 tr.974
11.956

tt.979
17.967 15.979
15.961

Min
Max

-0.012
0.017

tt.977
15.995

-0.o23
0.006

tt.97l
15.989

-0.029
0.000

12.000 11.989
16.000

-o.o44
-0.015

16.000
15.989

Min
20 25 30

-o.ol2
0.019

t5.977 t9.993 t9.972

24.993 24.912 29.993 29.972

-0.023
0.006

t5.977
19.986
19.965

16.000 15.989 20.000

-0.010
-0.039

t5.974
15.956 19.967

o 0 a o o

-0.029

15.989 20.000
19.987

-0.044
-0.020 -0.054 -0.027 -0.061 -0.027 -0.061

'n
v, o
I

Max

20.006
19.985

20.000

20.000
19.987

Min
Max

t9.987
25.000 24.987 30.000 29.987

-0.015
0.019

-0.028
0.006

-0.001 t9.987 -0.035 -0.001 -0.035 -0.001 -0.035

19.973

20.000
19.987

-0.014
-0.048 -0.014 -0.048 -0.014 -0.048

19952
24.973 24.952 29.973 29.952

19.946 24.960 24.939

Min
Max

25.006 24.985 30.006 29.98s

-0.015
0.019

25.000 24.987 30.000 29.987

-0.028
0.006

?4.986 24.965 29.986 29.965

25.000 24.987 30.000 29.987

25.000 24.987

25.000 24.987 30.000 29.987

30.m0
29.987

29960
29.939

Min
o

-0.015

-0.028
see

From ANSI B4.Z-1978 (R1994). For description of preferred fits,

Tble 12.2

:*{

Dimensions are in millimeters.

>! d
8P
Hole
S7

Basic
Size 40
50

Hole

K7

Max

I
I

Fir

Hole N7

Shaft h6

Hole

J*
Fir -0.035 -0.076 -0.045 -0.086 -0.057 -0.106

Min
Max

Min
60
80 100

40.000 0.023 39.984 -0.018 I 50.000 0.023 49.984 -0.018 60.000

59.981

I
I

Fir
0.008

P7

-q.

-1

-0.033
0.008

Max

-0.033
0.010

0.028

Min
Max

-0.021
79.961 99.990

-0.039
0.010

Min
Max

80.000 0.028 79.981 -0.021

100.000

0.032
0.032

Min
120
160

99.975
120.010

99.978 -0.025

Max

Min
Max

119.975

-0.025
0.037

160.0t2
159.972

Min
200 250
300 400 500

-0.028
0.042

Max

Min
Max

-0.033
0.042

-0.051 -0.078 79.879 79.98r 99.976 100.000 -0.002 99.942 -0.036 99.889 100.000 -0.045 99.941 -0.059 99.907 99.854 99.978 -0.093 0.012 119.976 119.934 120.000 -0.044 119.869 120.000 -0.002 -0.045 1r9.941 -0.059 119.899 'tr9.978 -0.101 119.834 119.978 0.013 159.972 r 60.000 -0.060 -0.003 r59.825 -0.052 1s9.932 1s9.975 -0.125 -0.068 0.015 799.967 -0.004 -0.076 -0.060 199.921 -0.079
0.012

-0.039

79.979 79.949

80.000 -0.002
79.981

79.952 79.922

80.000 -0.072

-0.12r
-0.089

a,

ox ,l l=, a+

It

ig g

00

-0.146
-0.109 -0.166 -0.150 -0.215 -0.190 -0.265 -0.238 -0.313

8; J=
5
o o
o-

=o o
.,o.

-0.151

Min
Max

0.015

-0.033
0.048

-0.060 -0.066
0.020
l
I |

249.967 249.921

-0.004

-0.094
-0.169 -0.118

-0.079
-0.004 -0.088

Min
Max

0.018 299.964

-0.036
0.053

-0.298
-0.382 -0.378

Min
Max

-0.040
0.0s8

-0.00s
-0.098 -0.005 -0.108

-0.073
0.023

o 0

-0.471
-0.477 -0.580

-fl
oo
I

Min
"

-0.04s

-0.080
see

From ANSI 84.2-1978 (R1 994). For description of preferred fits,

Thble I 2.2

a4O

Appendix

l5 Screw Threqds, Americon Notionol, Unified, ond Metric

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD UNIFIED AND AMERICAN NATIONAL SCREWTHREADS"
Fineb

Nominal Dismeter Tap

Thp Tap

Nominal Diameter

NF UNF
Thds. Thds. Tap
Thds. Tap

pel
Inch
1

Dr[d
0 (.060)
1 (.073) 64 56 48 80

Driltd
3

Driild

Ddtld
1
8

pef Inch
12

Drilld
59 o4

per Inch
20
18
61

64

64 1

No.53 No.50 No.47 No.43

72 64 56 48

No.53

1*l
1

2 (.086) 3 (.Oee) 4 (.1,12)

No.50
No.45

63 64

12

t
l!@t

18 18

1*a

1! t+ o4
g

40

No.42

1i
1*l
1

T2

18

1*
1#
1*a

s (.r25)
6 (.138) 8 (.164)
10 (.1e0) 12 (.216)

40
32 32 24 24

No.38 No.36 No.29 No.25 No.16

44 40 36 32 28

No.37
No.33

18 6

1+ J2

72

1T

18

No.29
No.21

t+
1+

18
6

1*

1+

12

18
18

1+

No.14

32

No.13
7
32

+
1;
1i

Ii
1*
1

! 4
5
16

20
18
T6

No.7
F
-5

28 24

No.3

32 32 32 28 28

l8
18 5

9
32
11

1
8

16

24 20 20

o
25
64 29 64

32

tl
2
^l

t+

'l
16

t4
L3

U
2't 64

l3
32
15

4i
4+

ri
l L.1 L

1
2

32

l6
1
8
11

12
11

31

64
71

18
18

33

64 37 64

24 24 24

33

64 64
41

1 L' tr L4

4 4 4

32

.l L'
.3 L-

16

64 45
64

1 4
13 16

10

27

32

16

11

16

20 20

J4 3+
34

1l

4 4 4 4

49 64 53 64 5't 64

1
8
15

49 64

1.4

13 16

20 20

.3

76

"
b

ANSI/ASME 81.1-1989. For 8-, 12-, and l6-pitch thread Classes 7 A,2A,3 A, 78,28, 38,2, and 3.

series, see next page.

' Classes 2y'.,28,2, and 3.

d

For approxim ate 75o/o full depth of thread. For decimal sizes of numbered and lettered drills, see Appendix 16.

Appendix

a4l

l5 Screw Threods, Americon Notionol, Unified, ond Metric (continued)

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD UNIFIED AND AMERICAN NATIONAL SCREW THREADS " (continued)

Nominal Diarneter

hp Ddll.
t
2 9 T6

1l Lt6
al LE 3 .t!
L16

1 z16
)L -a
a3
16

r 8
l1
16

)! -t6
.tr

l z1 5 zt6
a3 -l
LB

13 16

I
1

1 5

7 LI .l z
5
o3 L4

16

.L

.t2
al1
1(l

L16

1+
1

LB

'l

1*1
1 1* 1

J8

J l

3i
3
al

116

Jz
JS-

1i
1*9
1

.5

3i
JE

.1

ll rr6

1i
1+

4i
4+

13

4
5 s

1
2

ANSI/ASME 81.1-1989. Classes 2 A, 3 A, 2P. 3F., 2, and, 3. " For approximae 75o/" full depth of thread.
b

"

"

Boldface type indicates Amrican National Threads only. Tbis is a standard size of the Unified or American National theads of the coarse, fine, or extra fine series. See preceding page

a4a

Appendix

l5 Screw

Threods, Americon Notionol, Unified, ond Metric (continued)

prererred sizes ror

*-#:;:"'"T#T:?'*"*"
Flne
Tap

in bordrace rype

ze
:h

Diil

Dianreterrmm

t5

l5
t5
r5

^ X 0.6 M3.5
lvI4.5

lvrJ

u.5

2.5

NI4 X 0.7 x 0.75

2.9
3.3 3.75 4.2 5.0 6.0 6.8 7.75 8.5 9.50 10.30 72.00 14.00 15.50 77.5 19.5 21.0

I5 X 0.8

M14X2 M16x2
Nrlt

x l.s M11 x 1.5 M72 x 1.75

M10

M8 x 1.25 M9 x 1.25

M7X1

tuX1

a
M8X1
M10
7.0 8.75 10.5 12.5 74.5

1.2s 1.25

Mt2x
Ml8 x
M20

M18 X 2.5

M14 X 1.5 Ml x r.5

1.5

M22 X
NI24

2.5 25b
3

165
18.5 20.5

M27 X 3b M30 x 3.5

24.0
26.5 29.5 32.0 35.0 37.5
40.5

Nn7X2
M3OX2
Nt36 X 2

x 1.5 M22 x t5 MVtx z

22.0
25.0 28.0 31.0 33.0 36.0 39.0

M39x4
M42X
M4s

M36X

MJJ X 3.5
4 4.5

M3OX2

M39 M45

4,5
5

NI42X 2

x2
1.5

M48X5
M52X M64X
M56 X 5.5 M60 x 5.5
6

420
45.0 49.0

43.0 47.0 50.5

54.5

M52x2
M60 x 1.5 M64X 2
M56

MX2
X2

s8.0
62.0 66.0 74.0 84.0 94.0
1

M68X6
M72X 6 M8OX6 M9OX6
M100
o

52.0 56.0 60.0 64.0 68.0 76.0 86.0

96.0

M72X2
M8OX2
Nr90

M68x2
x2 x2

M100

l{I\JIiASME R "ANSI/ASMF BI.

Only for high strengr srictural sleel fasreners.

3M-l995.

Appendix

a4g

16 Twist Drill sizes-Americqn Notionol stonctord qnd Metric

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD DRILL SIZES'

D
m
re
.

"*t"iJ1,:H"i::.1"r;"tii nts, and 3""," to 3t" in f;" increments. Driiis hrg-er tnn

fractions

in

fi,

increments, 1f" to 2" ing,, increare seldom used, and are

:f

;'-:,

.,;;,.:::.

ts6,,,
L

.2280 .2210

T7

10I 11 t2 t3 t4 1sI t6
I I I I

sl el

6l 7l

5l

4)

.2t30
I

18 79

49 50
51

.0730
.0700 .0635 .059s .0550 .0520 .0465 .0430

.0350 .0330

81

82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
9'J.

.2090 .2055 .2040 .2070 .1990 .1960

.1935 .1910 .1890 .1850

20

.0320
.0310

.0130 .0L25 .0720

.0115

2t
22
23

24
25

.1820
.1800

26 27 28 29 30
37 32

52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

.0292
.0280

.0420

60
67

.L770

62 63 64

.0400 I rc .0390 I 77 .0380 I 78 .0370 I zg

.0410

.0260 .0250 .0240 .0225 .0210

.0200 .0180 .0160 .0145 .0135

.0110 .0105 .0100 .0095

.0091

.0087
.0083

y2
93 94 95 96 97

.0079 .0075

.ffi77
.0067 .0063 .0059

A
B

.234

c
D
E F
"

.238
.242 .246

I
J

.261 .266
.272
.277

L
M N

.290
.295

o
R
S

.377

.250
.257

o
P

.302

.3t6
.323

.281

T U

x
z
Y

.386
.397

.404 .413

ANSVASME 894.1 1M_1993.

l6

Twist Drill

sizes-Americqn Notionol stondqrd qnd Mefric (continued)

METRIC DRILL SIZES Decimal_inch equivalents are for reference only.

Drill Diameter

Drill Diamefer

Dill Diameter

Drlll Diamefer

Drill Diameter

Drill Diameter 25.s0 I 26.00 | 26.s0 | 27.00 I 27.s0 |

28.00

0.40 0.42 0.4s 0.48 0.50 0.s5 0.60

0.65

.0157
.0165

1.95

.0768
.0787 .0807 .0827 .0846 .0866 .088

2.00
2.05

.0177
.0189
.01.97

2.10
2.L5

.0217 .0236

2.20
2.25

.o256
.0276

2.30
2.35

0.70
0.75

.0295
.0315 .0335

2.40
2.45

0.80
0.85

2.50
2.60

0.90
0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 7.20 1.25 1.30 7.35

.0354 .0374 .0394

.0413 .0433 .0453
.0472

.0906 .0925 .0945 .0965 .0984 .L024

2.70 2.80
2.90 3.00

.I063
.L102

.7I42
.1181

.0492 .0512
.0531 .0551

r.40
1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65

.0571
.0591 .0610 .0630 .0650

3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.s0 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.90 4.00

.1220 .1260 .L299 .1339 .7378

.7417

.I457
.7496
.1535

.1575

t.70
r.75
1.80 1.8s 1.90

4.t0
4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60

.I614
.1654 .7693

.0669 .0689 .0709

.t732
.7772 .1811

.0728 .0748

4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.40 5.s0 5.60 s.70 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6.s0 6.60 6.70 6.80 6.90 7.00 7.10 7.20 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90

.i850
.1890

.7929

.I969
.2008 .2047 .2087 .2126

.2165
.2205 .2244 .2283 .2323 .2362 .2402 .2441

.2480 .2520 .2559

.2598
.2638
.2677 .2717 .2756 .2795

.283s
.2874

.2913 .2953
.2992

.3031 .3071
.3110

8.00 I .rso 13.20 I .5797 8.10 .rss 13.50 Ls:rs 8.20 .zzzs 13.80 I .sqss 8.30 .tzos 14.00 I .sstz 8.40 LzEot 14.2s I .s6ro 8.s0 I 3lq 14.50 I .5709 8.60 I .sso 14.75 I .ssoz 8.70 I .zqzs ls.oo .ssoo 8.80 .s+as ts.25 I .0oo+ 8.90 I .:so 15.s0 .ercz 9.00 .ss+z ts.7s .ezot 9.10 I .ss 16,00 I .zss 9.20 .zazz 16.25 I .o:ss 9.30 | .3661 16.s0 I .eqse 9.40 I .stot 1.6.7s I .esgq 9.s0 .ztco 17.00 I .6693 e.60 .zso r7.2s .ent 9.70 .srs L7.50 I .osso e.8o .sss 18.00 I .toel 9.90 I .as 18,50 | .7283 10.00 I .zgzt 19.00 I .tqso 10.20 I .+0rc 19.s0 I .ten 10.50 | .4134 20.00 I .lvq 10.80 I -.czsz 2050 .ozr 11.00 I .qzst 27.00 I .szos 71.20 I .u0g 2t.s0 .s+os 11.50 I .qsza 22.00 I .se6r 11.80 I .qaqe 2250 I .sass 12.00 I .+tzq 23.00 I .goss 12.20 I .so 23.s0 .szsz 12.s0 I .qgzt 24.00 I .s+qs 1250 I .so:s 24.s0 I .gaq 13.00 I .slrs 2s.oo I .ss+:

I I I

1.0039

1.0236 1.0433
1.0630

I I I

I I I

I I I |

I I

so.0o

| 48.00 I
44.00
46.00

| r.:rao 34.s0 I 1.3s83 3s.00 I r.:zso 35.s0 | r.3976 36.00 | r.4173 36.s0 I tnto 37.00 I t,.qset 37.s0 | r.4764 38.00 | t.tsot 40.00 I 1.5748 42.00 I r.oss
34.00

33.50

| Lro24 | 1.1220 29.00 | 7.1417 29.50 I 7.1614 30.00 | 1.1811 30.s0 I 1.2008 31.00 | r.220s 3150 | t.2402 32.00 | L.2se8 3250 | 1.279s 33.00 I 1.2992
28.50

1.0827

1.3189

1.7323 1.8110

r.sass
1.968s

17 Acme Threods, Generol purposeo

hreads
Size
4 5
16

per Inch
76 74 12

hreads
per Inch
6 6
5 5

Ilreads
per Inch
4 4 4

Ihreads
per Inch
2 2 2 2

3
8 7 T6

I 2

t2
10
8
B 1.s_1988 (R1 994)

5
8

3 3

"

ANSI/ASME

l8

Bolls, Nuts, ond cop gsv1s-squore ond HexogonAmericon Notionol Stqndord ond Metric
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SQUAREAND HEXAGON BOLTS"AND NUTSb AND HEXAGON CAP SCREWS"

9 6
J

Boldface tpe indicates product features unified dimensionally with British and Canadian standards. All dimensions are in inches. For thread series, minimum thread lengths, and bolt lengths.
Regular Bolfs Heavy Bolts

0
7 4
0
7
+

Nominal

SizeD
Body
Dinmeer

Height H Hex
Screw

j
)
z

of Bolt

Her
7
16

(ln.)

o.zsoo

l
t I
)
)

f, osrzs $ o.rzso

a
7

2 9
16

fr,

! 4 a
u
32

ft a
t5 g

32

rto.ans

t
3

t9

i,
5

I
fi

osooo
o.sozs

f o.czso t o.zsoo
J
o.szso
1.000

15

l:t

t6

5
B 16

t6

I
2
17

a
&
32
35
1S

4
1,

1+

25
15

5 LT

ti
r+

a
35

&

1 4 4
12!

lsl Lr25o
L2soo

1rr!

rr
1l ! 24 l5 .E
3
a3 JE a3

6 ! 4 n
,

43

u
11 16

a
11

39

7so
Lsooo

t2

25

1#

16 25

-16

t2

! t2
t5
L6

;t .16
tr

32
2',1

52

I
r#
r#

Le L7500

a3 Lj

15

21 3

3 L
1+
1

t6

2
4

2.D000

212.2s00

f,
L#
1*! 2
a3 a5
16

fi 3

25000 z.tsoo
3.0000

3i

4t
4+
418 5L4

3l 4i
4;

1# 1.!
13

3i 3.2s00
3 3.5000

.16

313.7s00

4
b

4.0000

-16

cll

' ANSI 818.2.1-1981 (Rl992).

"

ANSUASME nrs.z.z.-tst 1Rl993). Hexagon cap screws and finished hexagon bolts are combined as a singre product.

a46
t

Appendix

I Bolfs, Nuts, ond Cop Screws-Squore ond HexogonAmericon Notionql Stondord ond Metric (continued)
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SQUARE AND HEXAGON BOLIS AND NUTS AND HEXAGON CAP SCREWS (continued)

See

ANSI 818.2.2 for jam nuts, slotted nuts, thick nuts, thick slotted nuts, and castle nuts.
Heavy Nuts
Thickness

T
Hex. (Fitr )

I I I

o.zsoo

1
2

15

64
19 64

*10.3125 o.rzso

9
16
11

23 64 27 64

rt o.nts
o.sooo

7a
8
15

a
35

31

ft o.sszs
0.6250 0.7500 0.8750

64 39

1+"

t^
r+^

a
55 64 3

47

1
t1

1.fin0
L12so

4"
li'
ta r!-a 216
rfa .g

4 Lzsoo 4 rzso
1 Lsooo

a r r+
lrrE

tl li
1

L.62so

9 L16
?

tE r#
Ln

1.7soo
1.S7s0

nl5
T

r#

2
zl zl

2.W0
z.zsc0

t#
13
L64

3i
^1 J

z.swo

a29

21 2.7soo

4i
4

a45 a 61 261

3
3i

3.0000

31 3.2soo 3 3.5ooo
3.7soo 4.0000

5
)
-1

3+
^7 J16-

si
6

3*
J16

4
"

15

Product feature not unified for heavy square nut.

Appendix

a47

l8

Bolls, Nuts, ond Cop Screws-squore ond Hexogon_ Americon Notionql slqndord ond Metric (confined)
HEXAGoN STRUCTURAL BoLIS, AND HEXAGoN Nus
ThickneT (max)
BodyDia
andThd Pifch Bolts," Cap
Screwqb and

METRIC HEXAGON BOLTS, HEXAGON CAP SCREWS,

Bolts

Nut (Fin. or Unfin.)

Cap Screw

Nutsc
8.0 10.0 13.0 16.0 18.0

(Unfin.)
3.88 4.38 5.68
6.85

(Fln.)
3.65 4.47 5.50
6.63

Style 1
4.7 5.2 6.8 8.4 10.8

Syle 2 5.1 5.7 7.5 9.3 72.0 14.1

M16 x2 M20 x 2.5 M24 x3 M30 x 3.5

x 0.8 M6X1 M8 x 1,25 M10 x 1.5 M72 x I.75 M74x2

M5

2r.0
24.0 27.0
34.0

21.0 24.0 30.0 36.0

46.O

7.95 9.25

7.76 9.09
70.32 12.88 15.44 19.48

t2.8
14.8 18.0 21.5 25.6

I0.75
13.40 15.90 19.75 23.55

t6.4
20.3

M36x 4 x 4.5 M48X5 M56 x 5.5

M42

M64x6
M72x
M100
6

55.0 6s.0 75.0 85.0 95.0

105.0 115.0 130.0 145.0

41.0 50.0 60.0

23.9 28.6
34.7

23.38
26.97 3L.07

27.05
31.07

:i:

36.20 4L.32
46.45 51.58 57.74 63.90

36.20
41.32 46.45

M8OX6 M9OX6

51.58
57.74 63.90

HIGH STRENGTH STRUCTURAL HEXAGON BOLIS" (FIN.) AND HEXAGON NUTS"

Ml6 x2 M20 x 2.5 M22 x2.5

27.O

10.75

x3 lvI27 x3
M24

34.0 36.0

17.'t

13.40
14.9 15.9

4r.0
46.0

x 3.5 M36X4
M30

t7.9
79.75 23.55 .3.6M-797s (R1995), B18.2 .3.7M-7s7s(R1995).

50.0 60.0
B1'8.2.3.sM-t979

" o '

20.7 23.6 24.2 27.6 31.7 36.6

81,tz+rlr'_1979 (R1995i,818.2.4.2M_197s (Rt99s).

818:slu_tg7s 1995),818.2 inroes.

a48

Appendix

19 Cop Screws, Sloltedo qnd Socket HeodbAmericon Notionol Stondord ond Metric

Y +E1fl,Uroro[g

t.-lrt +uF1 4l
LH-L-|

-------,.1

Flat Heaila

Round Head" B

Fillister Head"
E

Socket Headb

A
0 (.060) 1 (.073) 2 (.086) 3 (.oee) 4 (.r12)

G
.096 .118

J
.05
7

.054 .066 .077 .089

.101

T6

.140
.161
.183

a a
5

s (.12s)
6 (.138) 8 (.164)
10 (.1e0)
1

.205
.226

.270

9 a
5 32 3
16

3 32 3 32 7

.712 .124
.148

.312
.500 .437

.r77
.225

4
-5

.197
.245 .273

.375 .437 .562 .625

,172

.375 .469
.562

16

.625
.750

.562
.67s .750

.203 .250
.297

I
4 5 1

.287
.331

8
7 76
1

.8r2
.875 1.000
1..125

.328 .354
.409 .437

.656
.750

2 9
1

.872
.937 1.000

.750

.328 .375
.422 .500

t 8
;
1

.394 .450

.8r2
.875 1.000

5 8 3

.938

.562 .675 .787 .900

4
7 8

7.375

r.250

.546

7.r25 r.312
1.500 1.688 1.875

5
8

t.625
1.875

r.125 r.312

.594

3 4
3

I
-1

.6s6

4
1
8
7 E 1

2.062

t.0!2
t.125
7.237 1.3s0

101

2312
2.562

rf t)
"
b

2.062 2.250

2.8t2
18.

ANSI/ASME 818.6.2-1995. ANSI/ASME 818.3-1986 (R1995). For hexagon-head screws, see Appendix

Appendix

a49

19 Cop Screws, Stoltedo ond Sockef Heodb-

Americon Nqtionol stondord ond Metric (continued)

L{qtt= stl*
H=D
COUNTERSUNK HEAD

-l n |*-l-

BUTTON HEAD

SOCKET HEAD

Mefric Sockef Head Cap Screws

Countersunk

Head"

Button Head" s B s
G C

Sockel Headb

Hex Socket
Size

A
(max)
M1.6

s
0.76
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0
1..2

J
1.5
1.5

0.35

M2 x 0.4 M2.5 x 0.45 M3 x 0.5 M4 x 0.7 M5 x 0.8

3.0
3.8 4.5

2.0
2.5

6.72 8.96

1.86

2.48
3.1

tI.2
73.44 17.92

M6X1

x 1.25 M10 x 1.5 MIz x t.75

M8
MT4
M1.6

3.72 4.96
6.2

22.4 26.88
30.24

7.44

X2

x2 x3
x
2.5

8.r2
8.8 10.16

33.6
19.67

0.25 0.45 0.66 0.7 7.16 7.62 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.2

5.t0
7.6 9.5 10.5 14.0 77.5

0.38 0.38
0.5

0.2 0.3 0.38

0.8
0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5

0.74
1.05

2r.0
28.0

I.45 r.63
2.2s

5.5 7.0 8.5 10.0 13.0 16.0 18.0

3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

8.0 10.0 12.0
1.4.O

M20
M24

x 3.5 M36X4 M42x 4.5 M48X5

M30
ANSVASME 818.3.4M-1 98 (R1993). b ANSvASME 818.3.1M-r986 nrssi.
"

21.0 24.0 30.0 36.0 45.0

54.0
63.O

L4
1.6

2.0 2.4
3.0 3.6 4.2

17.0 19.0

72.0

4.8

22.0 27.0 32.0 36.0

a5Q

Appendix

20 Mochine Screws-Americqn Nolionol Slondord ond Metric

SYLES OF CROSS RECESSES

(SIMILAR oN ALL MACH

ROUND HEAD

SCREWS EXCEPT HEXAGoN)

CROWN ON
RECESSED

PAN HLAD

HXAGON HEAD

IOO" FLAT HEAD

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD MACHINE SCREWS" screws 2" long and shorter, the threads extend to within two threads of the head and closer if
ws have

minimum thread length of 1i".

are regularly made with plain sheared ends, not chamfered' Threads:Either Coarse or Fine Thread Series, Class 2 fit. Recessed Heads: Two styles of cross recesses are available on all screws except hexagon head. Max Fillister Head
Slot
Thuss Head

Nominal
Size
0
T

Dimefer D
0.060 0.073 0.086 0.099
0.1,12

Round Head

vvidfh

A
0.113 0.138
0.1,62

B
0.053 0.061 0.069 0.078 0.086 0.095 0.103

c
0.119

E
0.035 0.043
0.051

F
0.096 0.118 0.140
0.161

G
0.045 0.053

K
0.131

H
0.037 0.045 0.053
0.061

R
0.087 0.107 0.129
0.151

J
0.023 0.026
0.031

0.146
0.172

0.164
0.L94 0.226 0.257 0.289

2 3

0.062
0.070 0.079 0.088 0.096 0.113 0.130 0.148 0.170
0.211,

0.187
0.21.1.

0.r99
0.225 0.252 0.279 0.332 0.385 0.438 0.507 0.635 o.762 0.812 0.875 1.000 L.125
1.375

4
5 6 8

0.059 0.067
0.075

0.183 0.205 0.226 0.270 0.313 0.357

0.09 0.078 0.086

0.169
0.191

0.035 0.039 0.043 0.048 0.054 0.060 0.067 0.075 0.084 0.094 0.094 0.106 0.118 0.133 0.149

10

t2
I
4
5

0.125 0.138 0.164 0.190 0.216

l6
3

0.236 0.260 0.309 0.359 0.408 0.472 0.590 0.708 0.750 0.813 0.938 1.000
'1,.250

0.120
0.137 0.153

0.083 0.100 0.116 0.132

0.153 0.191

0.32t
0.384 0.448 0.511 0.573 0.698 0.823 0.948
1.073

0.t02
0.118 0.134 0.150 0.183 0.215 0.248 0.280 0.312 0.345 0.410

0.271 0.254 0.283 0.336 0.375

0.45'7

0.250 0.3725
0.3'7s

0.r75
0.216 0.256

0.4t4
0.518 0.622 0.625 0.750 0.812 0.875 1.000

8 1
1

0.4375 0.500 0.562s 0.625 0.750

0.328
0.355 0.410 0.438 0.547

0.230 0.223 0.223 0.260 0.298

o.3'12

0.253
0.265

0.538 0.619 0.701 0.783 0.863 1.024 1fi)o Flat

I
2 9 5 3
4

0297 0336
0 37s

0Mt

1.198 7.323 7.5't3

Nomisl
Size
2
3

Max Diamefer

Slot

Pan

Hed

Hed s
0.062
0.071

widrh
J
0 031 0 035 0 039

D
0.086 0.099 0.L12 o.125 0.138
0.1,64

M
0.181 0.208 0.235 0.263

N
0.050 0.059 0.068 0.078 0.087 0.105 0.723 0.141 0.165 o.209

o
0.018 0.022 0.025 0.029

P
0.167 0.193 0.219 0.245 0.270 0.322 0.373 0.425 0.492 0.15 0.740
.865 .987 1.041

a
0.053 0.060 0.068 0.075 0.082 0.096 0.110
0.125

T
0.125
0.187 0.187 0.187

U
0.050 0.055 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.110 0.279 0.332 0.385 0.507 0.635 0.762 0.060 0.072 0.083 0.110 0.138 0.165

4
5

0.080 0.089 0.097 0.115 0.133

0.151

6
8

0.290 0.344
0.399 0.454 0.513 0.641 0.769

0.032
0.039 0.045

0.250 0.250
0.312

0.043 0.048 0.054 0.060 0.067 0.075 0.084 0.094

.094 .106 .118

10

t2
I
I

_t
t6
3

.L
t6 1
_1

0.190 0.216 0.250 0.3125 0.375 .4375

.500

0.120
0.155 0.190 0.230 0.295

0.052
0.061 0.077 0.094

0.3r2
0.375 0.500

0.744 0.178 0.212

.247

0.r75
0.218 0.261
.305

.231
.315 .350

I 8 l

t6

.5625 .625 .750

.348 .391

t.t72
1.435

.434
.521,

.419

.733 .749

Appendix

aSl

20 Mochine Screws-Americon Nolionol Stondord ond Metric (continued)

METRICMACHINE SCREWS
Length of Thread: On screws 36 mm long or shorter, the threads extend to within one thread of the head: on longer screws the thread extends to within two threads of the head. Points: Machine screws are regularly made with sheared ends, not chamfered. Threads: Coarse (general purpose) threads series are given. Recessed Heads; Two styles of cross-recesses are available on all screws except hexagon head.

Flat Heads

& Oval Head

C
3.5

Slot
Pan Heads

HexHead
s t.6 2.r
2.4 2.6 3.L 3.7 4.6 6.0

widrh
J
0.7 0.8 1.0

E r.2
1.5 L.7

P
4.0

a
r.3
1.5

T
3.2

U
1,.6

4.4

5.0
5.6 7.0 8.0 9.5 12.0 16.0

4.0 5.0
5.5 7.0

2.1 2.3 2.6

M3 x M4 x M5 x

0.5

3.0
3.5

5.2
6.9

M3.5 x 0.6
0.7 0.8

2.3

1.8 2.7

r.2
1.5 1.5

4.0 5.0
6.0

8.0 8.9 10.9

2.7 2.7
J.J

2.4 3.0
3.6 4.8

8.0
10.0 13.0 15.0 18.0

3.0 3.8
4.7

M6X1 M8 x 1.25 M10 x 1.5

tr/.f12x I.75

8.0
10.0
L2.O

75.I4

4.6

6.0
1.5

1.9 2.3

I78

50

20.0

60

75

28

9.0

Metric Macine Scew Lenghs-Lb

2.5

10

l:t
A A A A A A A A A

t6
A A A A A A A A

n
A A A A A A A

2s | 30 | 3s | 40 |

4sls0 lss | 60 I 6s I 70 I s0l e0

PH M2.5 x 0.45

A
PH

A
A A

A A

A
PH

A A
A A A A

A A
A A A A A A A A
Min.Thd Length-28 mm

M3 x

0.5

M3.5 x 0.6
10/44x0.7

A A PH A A
PH A

Y Y
A A

.L/

Min.Thd Length-38 mm

A ^ A A

x 0.8 M6X1 M8 x 1.25 M10 x 1.5 I0/{lz x t.75

M5

PH A

A A

A
A

A A A A A

,,A

A
A

A A
A A

,A

A A
A

A A A

K) t' /bx/?/TX..

'l/

,9V/z4,,'V///z','Vx

Metric Fasteners Standard. IFI-513(1982). bPH : recommended lengths for oniy pa and hex head metric screws. A : recommended lengths for all metric screw head-styles.

a52

I
T

Appendix

21 Keys-Squore,

Flot, P|oin Tcrper,o

ond Gib Heod

l-,*l

E
Gib HeadTaper Sock Key Flat Height
o

Square Square

Shaft

Dinmeters

Stock Key

Flat Stock Key

Height

Lcngth F
'1

Heighf
C
3
16
1

Length

Heighf to
Chamfer

Chamfer

W=H
I 8
G
1
4
5 3

WXH
1.,3 8^z v -1 t6,.8
5 ., 16^

c
4
L
5
T6

E
5
32

F
1

trtot

.
9 32

I I
5 32 3 T6

to3
to 1]
rf;

tfr to

't

3
16

t6

ll
32

lt

4
5
16

32

4
5

9
16 11 16

l3
32
15 32

t3
32
15

t6
3

8
7

l6
3
8-

I 4
5
T

rl6totl tfttozl
zf6tozl zl totl
:f;
to:01

1
2

x l ,3
tr(E

32

lb
5 E

1
8

t9
32 23

5
8

l4
7

xt J.,
4 ^1

iI
1
4

1
2

7
16

1*1

32

I 4
1

5
8

I 2
5
8

Li

?
8

7
8

1 4

ll to+\
+l tosl sf toe
"

I
1

3x
tx3 rx I

tx

t,

1+

'l
8-

li
2
oL L2

I 4

1.

+
1+ Li

1+
416

ti

13

-1

li
t)

ti

t3 L4

tl

Plain taper square and flat keys have the same dimensions as the plain parallel stock keys, with the addition of the taper on top. Gib head taper square and flat keys have the same dimensions as the plain taper keys, witb the addition of the gib head. Stock lengths for plain taper and gib head taper keys: The minimum stock length equals 4W, and the maximum equals 1W. The increments of increase of length equal 2W.

22 Screw
Size
3 8 7
1

Threods,o Squore crnd Acme

Theads per Inch

Threds
per Inch
5 5

Size
2
o1 L4

Threads per Inch L L2

2

Ihreads
Size

per Inch
1 11 1 1
1
1

t2
10 10 8
8 6

3i
.3 )4
4

l6
2 9 76
5

ol L2 1 L4
J
^1 J4

2
,)

4
J 'L 4

4i
4,
over 4)

8
3

r1 L2

'

See

Appendix 17 for General-Purpose Acme Threads.

Appendix

as

23 Woodruff Keyso-4mercon Notionol Stondord

o

tl

1iE

RS]7r
H
.194 .194 .240 .194 .240
.303

Key No.b 204 304

305 404 405 406
505 506 s07 606 607

Nominal Sizes

G
&
5

D
.1718

c
.203 .203

Key
No.b 808 809 810
811

Nominl $eg

AXB

H
1

D
.3130 .3590 .4220

c
.438 .484
.547

u
g
L

n
3
64

t
1

Ixt
xt

16

.L56I
.2031.

l6

u
1

7 64 7
64

.2s0 .203 .250

.313

76

.I405
.1875

32'.

t"? 5vZ
3-3 16"4
8

.. -r\
5

x x
5
g=

I
16
1

I
TE
1

812
1008 1009 1010 1011

16

t6

I
8-

.2505

I
16

I
16

5 64
5

9
64

Ixti txt
*5tt *5tt

Itt

IxtI

5 64

3
7

t 8
!
8

I I 8 ! 8

t6

.48
.475 .s37 .584

a
T3

13

64
1

a
I 6
5 64

a
7 32
15

. I5

.4690

.594 .647 .438 .484

.547

.63r .5160
.428
.475 .s37 .584

5
32 5 32 5 32 5 32 5 32 3
16

.28L8 .3278
,3908

.240 .t719
.303 .365 .303

.250
.313
.375

64

9
64 9

.2349 .2969 .2793 .28L3

3 32 7 64

a
8

15

64
3 32 3 32

@
5 32 5 32 5 32

16
1

.3r3
.375

10L2

608
609 807
"

*"t *"t
"3

tx

t,

*lxt3 tl
3xt xt 3xr

.
1'l
64
17 9

.4378 .48/,8
.3595

.594 .641
.547

.631
.537 .584

t6
1

.365

t2l0
L2IT

3
32

a
3 32

32
19

16

.428 .3443
.47s

.438 .484
.37s

3
16

.406s .4535

.s94

5
64
1

16

! 8

a
3 16

11

.3903
.25c

r2l2

l6

.631

.&l

.365

ANSI 817.2-1967 (Rl990).

last.two digirs give the nominal diamerer B in eighths of an inch, and rhe digits before the last two give the nominal widttrA in thirty-seconds of an inh.

,#:l"ll*Pl:,:".*:::::---:l*tjlys:lfre

24 woodruff Key Sizes for Different shqft Diomeferso

h
1 2

*to
3

lo
15

lto

t6

lt

tf,to

tlto
t1
810
811

t
807 808

{f

to

zrtto
2t

2
1011

304
305

4M
.105

50s 506
507

606
607 608

Lztl
t2r2

1012

406
a

809

8r2

609
Suggested ses; not standard.

'1

a54

Appendix

25 Prolt ond Whitney Round-End

Keys

KLYS MADE. WN-H ROUND LNDS AND KEYWAYS CUT

IN SPLINL

MILLER

Maximum length of slot is 4"

W.

Note that key is sunk two-thirds into shaft in all

cases.

I(ey No.
1

L"
I
2
1

\il or I)
1

KeyNo.
22
23

LE
1

IV or t
4 5 16

I)

t6
3 32

2
3

2 a 5

1t
1

F
24
25

I
1

4
5

8
5 8 5 8 3

3 32

li
ti
t+

4
5

I
8
5 32

16

6
7 8 9 10

G
51 52 53 26

I 8
I
4
5

4
1

ti
t1

4 3 4

5 32 3
L6

t6
3.

ti
2
2

8 3
16

5 32 3 16 7 32
1

tt
12

'l

I
7 8
1

n
28 29

2 2
cL L4

5
1
3.

A
13

I
1

4
3
16
'1

54
55 56 57 58 59 60 67 30 31

L
4
5 16

14
15

I
1

1 1

32
1

4 5

3
8
1

I
1 1 1 1

L
.tL
L2

76

t6
5
16

t6 t7
18

t6
'
32
1

cL L2
oL

8 7

4
5

L6

c
19

t6
3

1
2

t6
't
32
1

J J
3 3 3

l8
G
7

20
27

1i

4
5 16

32
33

I 2
8

D E
"

Ii

9
1-6

li

3
8

34

The length L may vary from the table, but equals at least 2W.

Appendix

a55

26

Woshers,o

plq-Americon Notionol Stondord

de

R.

PREFERRED SIZES OF TYPE A PLAIN WASHERSb Nominal

Washer Size"

Inside Diameter

Outside Dimeter

Nominal Ihickness

A
0.078 o.094 0.125 0.1s6 0.188 0.279

B
0.188

c
0.020 0.020

...
N. o 0.138

0.250

0.3I2
0.375
0.438

0.032
0.049 0.049 0.049 0.049
0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.083 0.065 0.083

No.8
No.10
J l6

0.164
0.190 0.188

0.500
0.562

No.12 ! I
4

o.216

l6
5

16

I 8 I 8
I

L l6
!
_l

2
2

t6
9

0.2s0 N 0.250 w 0.312 N 0.312 w 0.375 N 0.375 W 0.438 N 0.438 W 0.500 N 0.500 w 0.562 N 0.s62 w 0.625 N 0.625 W 0,750 N 0.750 w 0.875 N 0.875 W 1.000 N 1.000 w 1.125 N

0.250 0.250
0.281

0562
0.625

0.3r2 0.3M
0.375 0.406 0.438 o.469 0.500
0.531

0.734
0.688 0.875

0.812
1.000 0.922

0.06s
0.083 0.095 0.109 0.095 0.109 0.095

1.250 7.062
7.375 1.156

0.562 0.594
0.625

1.469

0.656 0.688

I.3L2
1.750

0.872 0.812
0.938 0.938 1.062 1.062

0.I34
0.734
0.148

L469
2.000

t.750
2.250 2.000 2.500 2.250 2.750

0.734
0.165

0.734
0.165

L.t25 W
1 1
1

7.250 7.250 7.375 7.375

1.500 1.500

0.134
0.165 0.165 0.165 0.165

r.250 w 7.37s N 1.375 W

1.500 N 1.500 w
7.625

1.250 N

2.500
3.000

2.750
3.250 3.000 3.500 3.750 4.000

1i

ri
1

7.62s
7.625

0.180
0.165

1;750
1.875

0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 o.220

E
13

1.750
1.875

2 1t at q
L

2.W
2.725 2.375
2.625

2.000

4.250
4.500

13

2.250 2.500 2.750

3.000

4.750
5.000

J
i

2.875 3.125

0.238
0.259 o.24

s.250
5.s00

:*::*l

t^?}:W

(Rr.e8 I ). For compte te I i s ri ngs, see the s randard. ' lrom-senes from series previously designated designated.,sta "Standard Plate" and "SAE." Where common sizes existed in the (narrow) and the Standard plate,.W" (wide). "N" .d fo use with comparable nominal screw or blt sizes.

'

a56

Appendix

27

Woshers,o

Lock-Americon Notionol Slondord

For parts lists, etc., give nominal size and series; for example, j neculen LocKV/ASHER PREFERRED SERIES

Regular
Inside Diameter, Outside

Extra
Outside Diameer,

Hi-Collar
Thickness,

Thickness,

Min.
No. 2 No. J No. 4 No. 5
0.086 0.088 0.101 0.115

Diameter, Max.
0.172 0.195

Min.
0.020
0.025

Max.
0.208 o.239 0.253 0.300
0.027 0.034 0.034 0.045 0.045 0.057 0.068 0.080 0.084 0.108 0.365

Min.

0.099 0.'t12 0.125 0.138

0.1.64

0.209 0.236 0.250 0.293 o.334

0.37'7

0.025
0.031 0.031

0.773

0.022

0.r28
0.141 0.168

o.202 0.216
0.267

0.030 0.030
0.047 0.047

No. No.

6 8

0.3r4
0.37s 0.434
0.497 0.535

0.040
0.047

No.10 No.12
1
4
5
16

0.190 o.216 0.250 0.372

0.375

0.r94
0.227

0.294

0.056

0.255
0.318

0.489 0.586
0.683

0.062
0.078 0.094
0.109

0.078
0.093

0.622
0.741.

0.460
0.553

I
1

0.382 0.446
0.509 0.572 0.636

0.123 0.143 0.162 0.782 0.202

0.125 0.140

16

0.438 0.500 0.562 0.625 0.688 0.750 0.812

0.875 0.938 1.000 1.062

0.t79
0.873

0.839 0.939
1.041

0.647 o.737

2
9 T6 5

0.125 O.I4L
0.156 0.172 0.188

0.r72

0.971 1.079

I.157
7.258 T.367

o.923

o.203

l1
16
3

0.700
0.763

7.t76
t.271 r.367
1.464 1.560

0.22r
0.241 0.261
0.285 0.308 0.330 1.296 0.234

4
13 16 7

r.irt

oizs

0.826 0.890 0.954

0.203

t.463
1.576 1.688

0.2r9
o.234 0.250 0.266 0.287
o.297

'15 16

I.OI7
1.080

t.661
r.756
1.853 1.950

1.799
1.910 2.O19

t.qaz
7.669

ol,.rro
0.313

1+
1

0.352 0.375 0.396

0.417 0.438 0.458

1.125
1.188 1..250

r144
1.208

1t t+
1

2.724

7.27t

2.045 2.141 2.239 2.334 2.430

0.3t2 0328
0.344 0.359 0.375

2.23r
2.335 2.439 2.540

1"799

o.is
0.375 ois)s

t.312 t.375
1.438 1.500

t.334
1.398 1.462

2.041

r+

0.478 0.496

t+

7.525

2.638

z,.t)o

'From ANSI/ASME 818.21.1-1994. For complete listing, see the standard. bNominal washer sizes are intended for use with comparable nominal screw or bolt sizes.

28

Wire Goge Slcrndordso

Dimensions of sizes in decimal parts of an inch.
b

No.

of
lYire

Inperial
VYie

No.

of
Vire

7{'s
6-{'s
5-0's

.657354
.580049

.4900
.461.5

.s00

4-{'s
000 00 0
1

.516549 .460 .40964 .3648 .32486 .2893

.25763 .22942

;
.454
.425 .380

.ooq
.00s .006 .o07 .008 .009

.464
.432 .400 .372

7-{'s
6-O's

.4305
.3938

5-{'s
4-0's
000 00 0
1

.3625
.3310 .3065

.340
.300

.348
.324 .300 .276 .252 .232

2 J

.2830
.2625 .2437 .2253

.284
.259

.010
.011

...
.227

4
6 7 8

.2043I
.16202

.238
.203 .180
.165 .148

.0r2
.013 .016 .018

.2r9
.212 .207

.2391
.2242

.74428

9
10
11

.r2849 .1r443
.10189

.1920 .7770 .1620

.1.483

.792 .176
.160

2 3 4
6 7 8 9

.201

.020
.022

.I99
.797

.090742
.080808

.734 .120
.109

.744

.1350

.024
.026

12
73

.1205
.1055 .0915 .0800

.I28
.IL6
.704 .092
.080 .072

.L94 .191
.188 .185

.1943 .1793 .7644 .7495

.1.345

10
11

.07t961
.064084
.057068 .05082 .045257 .040303 .03589

.029
.031 .033 .035 .037

I4
15

.09s
.083 .072 .065 .058

.182
.180

.1796 .1046 .0897

.0747

r6
T7

.0720 .0625
.0540

.778

.0763
.0598 .0538

.064
.056 .048 .040 .036

.I75
.172 .168

18

.039

.049

79

.042
.035

20
21

.031961 .028462
.025347 .022571

.0475 .0410
.0348 .0317

.04r
.043 .045
.047

.0478
.0418 .0359

72 73 14 15 16 77 18

.164
.161 .7s7 .1s5 .153

22 23

.o32 .o28
.025
.022

24
25 26 27 28 29 30
31

.u01
.0779 .01594 .074195 .072641
.011257

.020
.018 .016

.0286 .0258 .0230 .0204

.0181

.049
.051 .055 .059

.032 .028
.024 .022

19 20
21

.i5i
.148

.020
.018

.063
.067

.ot4
.013

.0173 .0162
.0150 .0140

.010025
.008928

.012
.010

.071 .075
.080 .085 .090 .095

.0164 .0149
.0136

.146 .143

.r39
.1.34

.0329 .0299 .0269 .0239 .0209 .0119 .0164 .0149

.0135

22 23 24 25 26 a1 28 29 30
31.

.0124
.0116 .0108 .0100

32 JJ 34 35 36 37 38

.00795
.00708 .006304 .005614 .005

.009 .008
.007 .005

.0132 .0128
.0118 .0104 .009s .0090 .0085 .0080 .0075 .0070

.127

.0720
.0105 .0097

.120
.115
.1.72

.0090
.0082

.0092
.0084

.004

.004453 .00396s
.003531

.0076
.0068 .0060

39
40
b

.110 .108 .106 .103 .101

.007s
.0067

32 J.' 34 35 36

.0064
.0060

3t
38 39 40

.003t44
u:_eA

.0052
.0048

.099
.097

' Courtesy Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co.

,iow by steel manufacturrs in place of old U.S. Standard Gage.

'The difference betrveen the Stubs' Iron Wire Cue" nd the Stubs,
steel :i"""irJ:'b":liil.y|i;;lirmingham wre o drill rods of Stubs' makel

Str Gaqe shourd be. nored, the rirst being commonry knorvn as ;#fitifff.#""Hffij5i,"*;jj;l}:::1.e,:,.1j1._r,1":lr!"":tyll" c"g.,'i.".'g;;;.h."sil,i;.;ifiJ:"i i,iiil,i'ri5r"i''i[?if;.,Hi:l#

l--.rr",xIl .25
TAPER
PER FT

o
0

o'

result from the larger diameter' To find small diameter of pin, multiply the length by .02083 and subtract the All dimensions are given in inches. Standard reamers are available for pins given above the heavy line.

3
f
6
6 7 .4(D0
0

Nrrmlcr

710

6/0
.07E0
7 32

5/0

4g
.1090
5 1

y0
.1250
3 8

u0
.1410
7

0 .1560

2 .1930
5

4
.2500
l3
16

I
.4920
r+

Size

lf,nrse Endl
Shaft Diameter

.0625

.(D10

.1720
9 16

.21W

.2890
7

3410

3 o
=, o

(Approx)b

1 4

i6
.0!r38

I
2

I 4
.lj50

t
.2188

*^

Drill

Size

lBefore Reamer)b Length L

.250 .375
.s00

.0312

.03x2

.0625

.0625

.0781

.0938

.t4

;t2,50

.1562

.1562

.2W

.3125

z
0

= 0
a
9.

X X X

X
X X X

X X X
X

X
X X X X
X

X X X
X X

x
X X X
X
X

.625 .750
.875

i.000
1.250
1.500 1.750

X X X X
X

0 a
X

X X X X
X

X
X X

X X
X
X

X X
X X X X X X X X

X X

o
0

X
X X

X X
X

X X
X

X X X X

X
X X X X

X X X X
X

o
X X X X X
X X X X

2.000

2.250
2.500 2.750 3.000 3.250 3.s00

X X X
X X

X
X X X

X X X X Y X
X X X X

X
X X

X
X

X X X X
X

X
X X

X
X

X X
X X

X
X

X
X X

X
X X

3.7s0
4.000 4.250 4.500
"
b

X X

X
X

X
X X
X

X
X
10, see the standard. pins Nos.

X
X

ANSI/ASME B1g.g.2-1994. For Nos. 9 and

l1

their (size .8600), 12 (size 1.032),13 (size 1.241),and 14 (size 1.523) are special sizes;hence

lengths are special.

Sriggested iizes;not American National Standard'

T
I

Appendix

a59

30 Colter pnso-Americon Notionol Stondord

PFIEFERRED PONT TYPES

All dimensions

are given in inches.

Oufside

Nominal Size

Eye I)iameter A Max.

.032
.048 .060

ot
Pin Diameer
7

I)iameter
B Mn.
.06 .09 .L2 .16

Min.
.028 .044
.056 .072 .086 .100

Extended Prong Length Min.

.01

Hole Size Recommended .M7

.062
.078

32 3
64
7

.031

.u7
.062

.02
,03

16

5 64 32

.078

.076
.090

.04 .04 .05 .06 .06 .07 .09 .10

.11

.094
.109

.094
.109 .125

7
64
7

.I9

.r04
.120 .134
.150 .176 .207 .225

)')
.25 .28 .31 .38 .44

&
5 32 3 16 7 32
1

8 9

.t25
.14L

.716
.130

.I4t
.156

.r56
.188

.146
.172

.r72
.203
.234

.279 .250 .312 .375

.438 .500 .625

.202 .220
.275

4
5 16 7

.50
.62 .75 .88 1.00

.266 .312
.375

.280
.335

3 8 7

.14

.329
.400 .467 .590

.t6
.20 .23 .30 .36

t6
1

.406
.473 .598 .723

.438
.500

2 5 8 3 4
"

t.25
1.50

.750

.625 .750

.775

! J
t)

ANSUASME 818.8.1_1994.

(
t) {

1
D

n
a a

aCO

Appendix

3l Melric Equivolents
Length
U.S. to Metric

Metric to U.S. millimeter : .039 inch centimeter : .394 inch meter : 3.281feet or 1.094 yards kilometer : .62I mile Area millimeter2
centimeter2

inch = 2.540 centimeters foot : .305 meter yard = .914 meter mile = 1.609 kilometers
inch2 : 6.41lcentimeter2 1 foot2 : .093 meter2 1.yardz : .836meter2 I acrez : 4,046.873 meterz
1 1 1 1

7 meferz

: : :

.00155 inch2 .155 inch2

kilometer2

10.764 foot2 or 7.796 yardz .386 mile2 or 247.04 acte2

lglrme
1inch3 : 16.387 centimeter3 1 foot3 : .028 meter3 1yard3 : .764meler3
L

I centimeter3
L

.061 ioch3

quart

t gtton
1

: 0.946 liter : .003785 meter3

meter3 :35.31'4foot3 or 1.308 yard3 1 liter = .2642 gallons 1 liter = 1.057 quarts 1 meter3 :264.02 gallons

1 pound : .454 kilogram 1 ton : .907 metric ton

ounce :28.349 grams

1
1

kilogram :2.205 Pounds 1 metic ton : 1.102 tons

d

gram:

.035 ounce

Velocity foolsecond : .305 meter/second 1 mile/hour : .447 melerlsecond

1

l- meter/secon L

: :

3.287 feetlsecond

kilometer/hour: .62! mile/second

3.2i1

Acceleration
1 inch,/second2 : 1 fooUsecond2 :

.0254 meterlsecond2
.305 meter/secondz

1 meter/secon dz

8 feet/second2

Force

N (newton) : basic unit of force, kg-m/s'. A mass of one kilogram (1 kg) exerts force of 9.8 N (theoretically 9.80665 N) at mean sea level'

gravitational

Appendix

aGt

32 Welding Symbols ond processes_

;w
srrs |
Fdbr

Americon Welding Society Slondordo

rL
Plw

d$t

SFr q Pi.d

s
a9

SaaD

Blck or

.*h9

Sdreng

Fbng. Codt

Fngt
EdgD

Awr4

l#
\

t-J

./T

r*

_o-/
Ud
Not

ud
Ud

ud
Nor

-f
ud
Nor

f
\JI
UT
Ud UE
I dtd B'u&nr

Sorh

Str

-'+
Url
SAFE

ud

Not

ud
Ue
Not

Not

Ud

Not

r Or. S ;EnrlqM

U..d

Ud

.=
Gfmv
U

ud

u
t-]

Not

hcl

\.-llOrh

,/=\r--

-J-r

-'.,52-

ah

,hr

UE
Supdementary Symbols
a[aq SFr Fbh

Location ot Elements ol a Welding Symbol

_v
,

/s

rE

,F
t

Y-

v
ail tdd

Frrah

aFFt

Grs FE ,:. Dl ol nt. rro of t.9 td ^h *

Basic Joints ldenlifction of Arrow Scle and Other Side Jcint

)
affischg pnl

qr S

Sbr

P6Acvttfr! maaa p?aa a*drta ia b blllditb[of tEry at|. nlara [ m to Ta* 1, O.fmM ot w&9 .d aE PlFa by hn, ol ANSrrAffi 42..92

sr
650 }{ W.

AMWod!Sdy L.l.n hd., P O Eo Md FE gilSti

gStOaO

"

ANSI/AWS A2.4_93.

a62

Appendix

92 Welding SYmbols ond Processes-

AmericonWeldingsocietyStondordo(continued)
Pltch (dstEn btwrn cnl.s) ol lncremonls

7
L
,.nn,n

Omsaon ol length lndltes that wld axtonds btwgsn arupt cnangea n dir6ction or as dlmenslond

0ength ol leg)

st."/

..nn,n o, \ - incrgments

)",'-"n,"
Eackng weld

Opth of llllng n inches lo-rssnn ndits lllling is complel6)

lst

(3,lo

wld size

'

wenJ
srz

Arrow Potnts towald

membf lo b rePate

*",0

",.'

nearst alrow 2nd opraton 3rd opsraln

lndcates @mplele loint pntration regardlsss of tYP6 ol weld or iont PreParahon

Badius\-J
3/64

Weld

/./ gtze

+l/16 I trre \r \

X"ignt above pont ol langency

Flash or Uost Welding SYmbol

*""*"*;",/
'R' lndites backng removed aftgr weldng

w|t

mbo

Z\
of weldin8 sYmbols is in n1, u. .hon ukis.The only complete and official presentation

'4

T
Appendix
I
I

a63

32 Welding Symbols ond processes_

Americon werding society stondordo (conrinued)

MASTER CHABT OF WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES

a64

Appendix

33 Topogrophic Symbots
Highway
Railroad National or State Line County Line Township or District Line

Highway Bridge
Railroad Bridge Drawbridges
Suspension Bridge

City or Village Line

A
BM
t?32

Triangulation Station Benchmark and Elevation

X
o

Dam Telegraph or Telephone Line Powe-Transmission Line

Any Location Station (wrrn nxeLeueronv tore)

Streams in General

f .:

Dl .

Buildings in General
Capital County Seat

@ o
X_X-X-X-X

__) -:' Jf,F.f;1'E= iJjsEi-=

le-l dz

Lake o Pond Falls and Rapids Contours

Hachures Sand and Sand Dunes

Other Towns Barbed Wire Fence Smooth wire fence

,,,,, {a"Nae.$e:d4

Marsh Woodland of Any Kind Orchard

Grassland in General

e.jBls o g e

s sE9 oo ooo

0o 909

oo

Hedge

Oil or Gas Wells Windmill

Tanks

..i..

Cultivated Fields

1r
Canal o Ditch Canal Lock Canal Lock

v\

-\

Commercial or Municipal Field Airplane Landing Field Marked or Emergency

t_

l-

Mooring Mast Airway Light Beacon

(ennows wotcerr couRsE Lrcurs)

(lonr ursrnrnlr)
Aquaduct or Vy'ater Pipe

-** *

Auxiliary Airway Light Beacon,

Flashing

"ANSI/AWS A3.O_94.

It should be understood that these cnarrs are lrlteuuu u'rJ

o uvv

ApDendx

a65

34 Piping Symbols-Americon Nofionol Sfondord

FLAN6ED
1. Joint SCREWED
]ELL &SPI6OT

2. Elbow-90" 3. Elbow---45" 4. Elbow-Trned Up 5. Elbow-Tirned Down 6. Elbow-Long Radius

-+t,1F +

-+-

+
* (

WELDED

SOLDERED

-++J.

-+

oll- o1- Oi+<l

1l f

ol+-

7. Reducing Elbow
8. Te 9. Te-Outlet Up
10.

AI
J-

s
?,

I OF
lrl
I

r(

O+-

ox-

Ox-

r r

I I

I
I

I I I

*t

I
I I

ilTil

+l-+
e
-e
u,, d.,

{/

+q+ox+ex.

>k

+eJr
.ll-e+

Tee-Outlet Down

+eF +el-

.f" *O*
*-o*

I
I

i
I

i
I I

I
I

11. Side OutletTe-Outlet Up 12. Cross 13. Reducer-Concentric 14. Reducer-Eccentric 15. Lateral

+r
=t -Jtl{-

-_t_

r-0r
I

)<
+e

l>+f
JSrl-

+++ -1#F

+-l-.)k

16. Gate Valve-Elev. 17. Globe Valve-Elev. 18. Check Valve

19. Stop Cock

-'ll-t+-

rr lr +<1- -++#l- -----.{-

_><-_

> ! >\

J>)e

+x+<_

.-_
ti ll

-)<x-+< -{-\e

->.<_

ll

20. Safety Valve 21. Expansion Joint 22. Union 23. Sleeve 24. Bushing
ANSr/ASME Y32.2.3 -79 49 (R1 994).

+J<- *-+=+- -+ --lrl-+----F- --l F J+

-+tl- _-JF +e- -xe +p-

-r\-

S:-

il
I

-+-

+d4'

--{----x- +
-++<--

-rr1++

_+_
F

+ -*-

-r-

6F4

-_-

--qF

a66

Appendix

35 Heoling, Venliloling, ond Duclwork Symbolso_ Am e rico qtion

n
N

ol'stq n ro

High pressure Steam Medium pressure Return

Fuel Oil Flow

Soi/, Waste or Leade (Above Grade)

Cold Water Hot Water

Compressed Air Refrigerant Discharge Refrigerant Suction Brine Supply

Hot Water Return Fire Line

Gas

Sprinklers-Main
Supplies

rrtlf

Wall Radiator, plan

Wall Radiator on

Volume Damper

Ceiling, plan

Unit Heater
(Propeller), plan Deflecting Damper

Unit Heater (Centrif.

ugal Fan), plan Thermostatic Trap

Turning Vanes

Thermostatic Float
Thermometer

hermostat

ZOXIZ
D -

Duct Plan (lst Fieure. Width; 2nd Deth) lnclined Drop in Respect to Air Flow

Automatic Dampers

l? xzo
l?)1,?O

Supply Duct Section

Canvas Connections

Exhaust Duct Section Recirculation Duct

Section

Fresh Air Duct Section Supply Ouflet Exhaust lnlet Volume Damper

Fan and Motor with Belt Guard

lntake Louvres and

creen

ANSI/ASME y32.2.3_rg4g (R1994) and ANSI y32. 2.4_tg4g(R1993).

36 Americon Notionor stondord Grophicor symbors

for Eleclronic Diogromso
Frxco vARr^/r \\ exoro {^r 2{/\- -4zM

l
ii il
!

-^r tT- 4rRESISTORS

coN0ucl0Rs
NOI JOIND

tor{-coRE

lt{ERMtStOR

FERRIIE-8EAO

rrrn -oR rrrn "T"

AtR-CoRE

AD'SA8tt

ii
ii

ii

++-r ffi
coNoucToRs sitEloEo
JOIND TERIINAL

INOUCTORS

SPS

{o

SPOT

NORIALLY OPEN

wRE 0R co^xt^r c^81

rrlcclE o

-r-o o
NoRM^lrY

rlr N stNo
t
cEtI

"r"

APPED

ii ll

EATTERIES

lrl=
luLn cI

-o

||
A,oRESS

:
of,

OO
Co|TOUCOR

OO

clos

WIRING

BUs

DATA

HULftpt

/
TULNPOINI

olo
uoutrT^nY

O-r

cAatr

SIY|TCHES
AtR

IHERIAL

cH^ss,s

,+ +

GROUNDS

Eiurl :iiff

rrrn

u,u.J t4)

AO,rrsABu AD,STASLE COR tNoucf^NcE CoUPL|NC,

tJ$J rZ-{1 ry1n

a2

8l

.@: .@: r-@: ._@:

N-CHAfiNE. N-O{ATiNEL

P-OTA{NE-

P-CH^'{NEL

P-C{^NNE.

P-O{ANNE.

N-CHANNEL

.:
EIPOL.AR

scr
SINGI-G^7E

G2

OUAL-CAIE

SINGLE-GAIE
ENHANCEMENT UOOE

TRANSISTORS
GENERAL AMPLIFIER

OSttON MOOE

UOSFET COMMON

MOSFEI

LOGC
PHONE JACK

CONNECTIONS

+
fl*r.u^.

-_

uaeL,lc0Nfacfs
FEMALE

Df

PHONE PLUG

ru^*

MALE

coAxrAL coNNEctORS

tru^*f f-f-l f-If

e4
ht*
\./
(0.,
l-AMps

REr-Ays

il

INTEGRATED

clRculls
(u#) MULT|PLE. FrxED
MULrrpLE,
tuEE ELEMENTS

YY
MALE

uoveG'a--T---

240 v FEMAT

I ---

r'ooe
cRlo

I ^I
.

HEATER oR

l--l

ruuexr

/ Y cRouNo

cAS FILIED couo cAtHooE

'l-

.or,roo.

,!s'q"q;'",!Bi]il".,'
CND GND
CONNECTORS
CD

FEMALE MALE

DEFLECTION PLAlES

uftesy Anercan Rado Belay League.

a68

Appendix

37 Form ond Proporfion of Geomelric Toleroncing Symbols"

DATUM TARGET

TARGET POINT

'LTre O@OO@'
CONCENTRICITY CIRCULARITY MMC

RFS

PRq' TOL

PARALLELISM FLATNESS CYLINDRICITY DIAMETER POSITION

ALL AROUND PROFILE SURFACE PROFILE LINE STRAIGHTNESS

(PROFILE}

/I
PERPENDICULARITY ANGULARITY

-T

1.5 h

RUNOUT

TOTAL

"

ANS/ASME Y14.5M-1994.

AII dimensions are in inches except those in last two columns.

l,r "

(,

o
Norninl
14"

Noml
nggemel by Hend

D
Outside

t{rll hic*ness

>{
Sed.
100

Beween

Elernd
rnd
Threds
per Inch
27 18
18

Ing0

Nomin
Pipe
Size

Dirmefel

of
Pipe
.405 .540

of
Efrective Thread .2639
.4018

lnternsl

Sdrerl
10

Sched.

Ttreds
.1

Sche
30d

Scled.
40d

Sed. 0.

Sed.

Sed.

Sched.

80'
.(D5 .119

I
IJ

lm

Scherl
160

615

.068 .088
.091 .10!)

.2278 .240 .320 .339

.400

l 8

.675
.840

.4078
.5337 .5457

t4
14

,n6
.l4it
.154 .179
.191

0
(h^
.188

'r f?l

:-'( (r0 JU, za 00

OF

r.050
1.315 1.660

4.547 3.637

473.91

.113 .133

1t .5 l1 .5 11.5
I 1.5

.6828
.7068 .7235

.279

270.03

.420 .420 .436 .682

.766
.821,

.2s0 .250
.281
.344 .375 .438

I
2

.14
.t4s
.154

2.904

t66.62
96.275 70 77?

1.900 2.375

2.30t
2.010
1.608

2ilt
.218

-, oo' 8

0f, fo o.

! L2
J
J2

.7565 1.1375
1.2000 1.2500

2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500

5.563

8 8

203

42.913
30.077 19.479 14.565

276 300

1.328
1.091

3 o
0 0 0
tn
I

I
8

216
.:226

.u4
-937

3lE
.3t7 37s
.432

I.3000 1.4063 1.5125 1.7125 1.9250 2.1250

.954
438 .500 .562
594 719 .719 812

I
8 8 8 8 8 8 8

.237 .2s8

.531

.848 .686 .576

.443
.3s5

17.312 7.199

6.625
8.625 10.750

.958 1.063

.625

o
o

280

.zsn
.250 .250
.250 .250 .250 .250
.250

.779
.90 1.'t25

4.984
2.878 1.826

.322 .35

4M

.500

1.210
1.360

J00
s62
.594
.656 .750

12.750
14

.594
.688

.u4
1.000

I 000

0D 0D 0D 0D

.406
.375
.438

14.000 16 000 18.000

u4
.938

1.562 1.812
2.000

2.zs(n 2.45M
2.6500 2.8500

125

1.312 1.406

.312 .312

.299
.273 1.06s .815

l6
18 20

.750

.094 .219 .37s

.500

1.250
1.438

37s
.438 .500

s00
.562 .594
.688

.u4
.938

L031
1.156 1.281
1.531

t.594
1.781,

.312

.239
.212

20.000 24.000

I
8

2.125 2.375

1.562
1.750

375 375

.644
.518 .358

24oD
h

.812 .969

L031 1.219

3.2500

1.969

.191
.159
r

B36.t0M_1ee5 :+l:ls^yE ANSI/ASME 81.20.1_1983 (Rt

992).

.562
I

.812

' Refer Kefer ro to $ I 3.22 and Fie.

2.062

2.344

o o

0)

Boldface figures correond to..standard,, pipe.

3.20.

,'.'J,xi' i: ff : Jff

Hi [ ;x

ra

sr

rons " pi pe

39 Cost-lron

Pipe, Thicknesses ond Weights-Americon Nolionol Stondord

16

T
I

ft Laying Lengh

fVeight 0b) Based on

Class 50:50 psi Pressure-115 ft Head
3

Class 200:200 psi Pressure--462

195 8

ft Head
3',7.0 49.1.

4
6

.32 .35 .38

.47

3.96

12.4

.4t
.44 .48
.55

4.80 6.90
9.05 11.10 13.20 15.30 17.40 19.50

i6.5
25.9 37.0 49.r
63.7
'74.6

8 10 12 14 16 18

265 415 590

785

10 12

63.7 15.30 17.40 19.50 27.60 84.4 101.6 723.1

590 785 1,020 1,350

t4
16 18

.44 .48 .48 .54 .54 .57

.63

.58
.63

7,625
1,980

t,020
T,L95

20 24 30
36 42 48

2r.60
25.80 32.00 38.30
44.50

95.2 L07.6 125.9 166.0 257.6 340.9

r,525

20 24 30 36 42 48

.67 .79 .92

r45.9
205.6 297.8
397.1.

25.80 32.00 38.30

44.50

2,335 3,290
4,765 6,355 8,195 10,195

r,720 2,0r5
2,655 4,120 5,455 7,070
8.825

r.02
1.13 1.23

5r2.3
637.2

.79 .87 .97 1.06

50.80 3.96 4.80 6.90

9.05 11.10 13.20

Class 250:250 psi Pressure-577 ft Head

3

50.80 3.96 4.80 6.90

9.05 11.10

442.0 551.6

12.4
1.6.5

195

Class 100: 100 psi Pressure-231 ft Head

J

t2.4
16.5 25.9

195

4 6 8
10

26s
415 590 785 1,095 1,450

25.9 37.0

4
6 8

265

49.t
8.s 90.6
1.1.0.4

4r5
590
785

t2

37.0
49.1.

i0
72 14
1.6

l6
18 20 24 30 36 42 48

I4

.59
.63

t3.20
.51

63.7

15.30

78.8
95.2 114.8

r,020 r,260
r,525
1,835

18

20 24 30 36
42 48

.54 .58 .62 .68

t7.40
19.50

.68 .72 .79

15.30 17.40 19.50

r,765

t33.4
156;7 205.6

2,r35
2,505 3,290
5,095 6,810 8,790 10,950

2t.60
25.80 32.00 38.30 44.50

318.4
425.5 s49.5 684.5

2r.60
25.80

t35.9
r78.1.

2,175 2,850 4,720 5,455 7,070

8,825

257.6
340.9

50.80
3.96

Class 300:300 psi Pressure--693 ft Head

J 4 6
8

442.0 551.6 Class 150: 150 psi Pressure-346 ft Head

.32

.32
.35

.38
.47

4.80 6.90
9.05 11.10

4
6 8 10 12
T4
1.6

.35

.38
.41.

3.96 4.80 6.90

9.05 11.10

12.4 16.5

t95
265
415

10
12

.48 .52 .59 .68 .78

.85

t3.20
15.30

72.4 16.5 25.9 37.0 53.1 68.5 90.6

195

265
415 590 850 1,095 1,450 1,890

25.9 37.0
49.7

.44 .48
.51

s90 785
1.,020

t4
16
18

t7.40
19.50

r18.2
L42.3 168.5 279.8

t3.20
15.30

63.7

) )15

78.8
95.2 114.8 135.9 190.1

1.,260

18

20 24 30
36

.54 .58 .62

.73 .85

t7.40
19.50

t,525
1,835

20 24

2t.60
25.80

2,695
3,515

Class 350: 350 psi Pressure-808 ft Head

3

27.60 25.80

2,175 3,040 4,405 5,85s 7,605 9,435

4
6 8 10

.32 .35

3.96

4.80
6.90 9.05 11.10 13.20 15.30

32.ffi
38.30 44.50
50.80

275.4
365.9 475.3

.38
.41.

42 48
J

.94 1.05

r.l4

589.6

Class 200: 200 psi Pressure--462

ftHead

t2 I4
1.6

.52 .56 .64 .68 .79 .84 .92

12.4 16.5 25.9 31.0 57.4 73.8 97.5

195 265
415 590

920
1,180 1,605

r7.40
19.50 27.60

tt8.2
t52.9
180.2 236.3

r,945
2,520 2,970
3,895

396
480 690

4
6

18 20 24

25.80

'Average weight per foot based on calculated rveight of pipe before rounding.

Appendx

aZl

40 cost-lron Pipe screwed

Filtings,o I25

lb-Americon Notionol stondord

90" ELBow

TEE

cRoss

4s'ELaow

DIMENSIONS OF gO'AND 45'ELBOWS,TEES,AND CROSSES (STRAIGHT SIZES)

All dimensions given in inches. Fittings having right- and left-hand threads shall have for or -o.r, or the letter,.L,,cast on the band at end with left_hand thread.
Center to End, Elbows, Teeg and
Crosses

Center

Length

lvidrh

to End,
450

Nominal
Pipe
Size
1

of
hread, Min.
B
.32 .36
.43

of
Ban4
Mn.
E
.38 .44 .50 .56
.62

Diameter Metal Thickness

of
Band,

A
.81 .95 1.72 1.31

Elbows C
.73 .80 .88 .98

Max.
.58 .72 .90 1.11 1.38 1.73 7.97

Min.

Min.
.54 .67 .84 1.05 1.31

G
.11

H
.93 1..t2

4
3 8
1

.I2 .I3
.15 .17

2
3

r.34 r.63 r.95

2.39 2.68
3.28

4 1

.50 .58 .67 .70 .75 .92 .98 1.03 1.08 1.18

1.s0
7.75

I.12
1.29

r1 !4

rl t2
2

.69
.75

r.66
1.90

.18 .20
.22

1.94 2.2s 2.70 3.08 3.42

I.43
1.68 1.95

1 z2
3

.84 .94 1.00 1.06 7.12 1.18 7.28

2.44 2.97 3.60

2.37 2.87 3.50 4.00

4.-s0

.24 .26 .28

.31

3.86 4.62 5.20 s.79

7.05 8.28 10.63 13.72 75.47

-t r1
4
5

2.77 2.39
2.61

4.t0
4.60 5.66
6.72

3.79 4.50
5.13 6.56 8.08b 9.50b

3.05 3.46 4.28 5.16

5.97

5.56 6.62
8.62 70.75

.38
.43 .55

I.28 r.47
1.68 1.88

8 10

r.47
1.68

8.72
10.85 12.85

t2
b

.69 .80

i.88

I2.75

' From ANSI/ASME 816.4-1992. This applies to elbows and tees only.

a72

Appendix

41 Cost-lron Pipe Screwed Fitlings,o 25O lb-Americon Notionol Slondord

DIMENSIONS OF 90'AND 45'ELBOWS,TEES,AND CROSSES (STRAIGHT SIZES)

All dimensions given in inches. The 2501b standard for screwed fittings covers only the straight sizes of 90" and 45" elbows, tees, and crosses.
Center

to End, Elbowg Nominal

Pipe
Size
1

Center

Length

Iryidrh

Dianeter

to End,
45'

of
Thread,

of
Band,

Tees, and

Metal Thickness

of
Band,

Cosses

Elbows

Min.
B
.43 .47 .57

A
.94 1.06

c
.81

Min. E
.49
.55

Min.

Max.
.58 .72 .90
1..1r

Min.
.54
.67

G
.18 .18 .20 .23 .28
.33 .35

H
I.17
1.36 1.59 1.88

4
3

8
1

.88 1.00

z
J

t.25
1.44 1.63 1.94

.60 .68 .76 .88

.97

.84 1.05
1.31
1..66

4 1

t.L3

.64
.75

t.3t
1.50 7.69

1.38

2.24
2.73 3.07 3.74

r
1+

.84
.87

r.73 t.97
2.44 2.97

2.r3
2.50 2.94 3.38 3.75

1.90

2.00
2.25

1.00
1..17

7.t2
1.30 1.40

2.37
2.87

.39 .43 .48

.52

^l 1
3

4.60
5.36 5.98

2.50
2.63
2.81.

r.23

3.60 4.10
4.60

3.50 4.00 4.50

5.56 6.62 8.62 70.75 12.75

^t J,
4
5

t.28
r.33
7.43 1.53 1.72

r.49
7.57

4.t3
4.88 5.63 7.00 8.63 10.00

.56 .66 .74 .90 1.08 1.24

6.6r
'7.92

3.t9
3.50
4.31.

r.74
r.97 2.24
2.58 2.91

s.66
6.72 8.72 10.85 72.85

6
8

9.24 77.73 14.37 16.84

10

s.19
6.00

r.93
2.13

t2
"

From ANSI/ASME 816.4-1992.

42 Cqst-lron Pipe Flonges ond Fittings,o l25

Americon Nolionol Stqndord

lb_

4so EL80W

S DE OUILET
ELBOW

OOUALE SRANCH
ELBOW

43C LATERAL

DIMENSIONS OF ELBOWS, DOUBLE BRANCH ELBOJVS,TEES, CROSSES, LATERALS,TRUE Y'S (SIRAIGHT SIZES), AND REDUCRS

All dimensions in inches.

Center to trhce
900

Elboq
TeeE Crosses

Tlue "Ytt
and

Center to Face,
900

Center

Shorf Center to Face

Cenfer
Thue

Nominal
Pipe
Size
1

Double
Branch

to
Face
45"

Long
Radius

fo
trhce

(.Yrt
and

Face

Ihickness

fo
Face

Elbow

Elbow
B
5.00 5.50 6.00 6.s0 7.00
7.75

A
1.00

Elbow
C
7.75

Lateral

Diamete

D
5.75 6.25 7.00 8.00 9.s0 10.00 11.50 12.00 13.50 14.50 77.50 20.50 24.50 27.00 30.00 32.00

Lateral E
7.75

Reducer

of
Flange
4.25 4.62

of
Flange,

Wll Thickness
.31 .31 .31

Mn.
.44 .50 .56 .62 .69
.75 .81

3.50
3.75

Ii
2
1t Lt
3

I.25
1.50

2.00
2.25

r.75
2.00 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.50 3.50 4.s0 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.00
10.00 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 8.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.0

J; 4
5

6 8 10

2.00 2.s0 3.00 3.s0 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00

10.00 72.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.s0 7.s0 8.00

9.00 11.00 72.00 14.00 15.00 16.50 18.00

5.00
6.00 7.00 7.50 8.50 9.00 10.00 11.00 13.50 16.00 19.00 27.00

8.s0 9.00

t0.2s
11.50 14.00 1.50 19.00

t2

74oD 16 0D 18 0D 20 0D 24 0D 30 0D 36 0D 42oD 48 0D

20.00 24.00 30.00 36.00 42.00 48.00

22.00
25.00

27.50 24.00 26.50 29.00 34.00 41.50

49.00

2.50 3.00 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.50 7.s0 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.50
11.00 15.00 18.00

.3i
.3r
.38 .44 .50 .50 .56 .62
.75 .81

23.50
25.00

35.00
40.50

ol

28.00 31.00 34.00

lo

56.50 64.00

2I.00
24.00

20.0 24.0 30.0 36.0 42.0 48.0

27.50 32.00
38.75

.94 .94 1.00 1.72 1.79 7.25 1.38 7.44 1.56 1.69 1.88 2.72 2.38 2.62 2.75

.88 1.00 1.06

I.I2
r.25
7.44 1.62
1.81

46.00
53.00 59.50

' ANSI/ASME 816.1_1989.

2.00

a74

Appendix

125 lb43 Cosl-lron Pipe Flonges, Drilling for Bolts ond Their Lengths'o

Americon Nolionol Stondord

Thickness

Diameter

Diameter Diameter

Nominal
Pipe
Size
1

of
Flanget

of
Bolt
Circle
3.r2
3.50 4 4 4 4 4 4 8
8 8 8

of
Bolt
Holes
.62 .62

of
Bolfs
.50 .50 .50 .62 .62 .62 .62 .62
.75

Min.
4.25 4.62 5.00 6.00 .44 .50
.56

1
1,+

3.88
4.75

.62
.75 .75 .75 .75 .75 ,88

.62 .69
.75 .81

.L L2
J

7.00
7.50 8.50 9.00 10.00 11.00 13.50 16.00 19.00

5.50 6.00 7.00 7.50

8.50

3i
4
5

.94 .94 1.00

6 8

9.50

.75 ;15 .88 .88 1.00 1.00

.88 .88 1.00 1.00

1..12

t.l2
1.19 1.25 1.38

7t.75
14.25 17.00 18.75 21.25 22.75

8 12 72

10

t2
14

0D 16 0D 18 0D 20 0D 24oD 30 0D 36 0D 42oD 48 0D

21.00
23.50 25.00 27.50 32.00 38.75 46.00 53.00 59.50

t2
T6

t.44
1.56

1.12 1.25 7.25 1.38 1.38 1.62 1.62 1.62

t6
20

r.12

t.69
1.88 2.12

25.00 29.50 36.00

42.75

Lr2
r.25 t.25
1.50 1.50 1.50

20 28
32 36 44

2.38
2.62 2.75

49.50 56.00

"

ANSI 816.1-1989.

44 Shoft Center

Sizes

Shaft Diameter

Shaft Diameter

A
5

B
3 64 3 64
1

A
5

B
5

c
5

t" *

i
1
1

64
3

t{ to tr

t6
3 8
7 16
1

32

32
5

Ir"

Lu

32
1

16 5

'610

s25

'er" #
32

8
3

1 5

16
1

64
3

{f to

r$

32

64 3 32 3 32

z toz
3
to3!32

$tot$

32

32
7

G
'7

z
9

32
7

'l
32

4 and over

i6

32

Appendix

azs

45 Cost-lron ppe Ftonges crnd Fiftings,o 25O lb_ Americon Nofonol -stondo rd

90

DE6

LONG

RADIUS

45

DEO

REDUC

STRAIOHT TEE

REDUC ER

DIMENSIONS OF ELBO}VS, TEES, AND REDUCERS

All dimensions
IVall Nominal
Pipe
Sze
1.

are given in inches. Cener-

Ihickness

Thickness

Centerfo-Fbce

to-Face

Center.
to.Fbcrc

Face-

Diameter

of
Body
1.00 1.25 1.50 .44 .44 .44 .44 .50 .56 .56
.62

of
Flange
4.88 5.25

of
Flange,

Long
Radius

Elbow
and Tee

foFhce

45"

Min.
.69 .75
.81

A
2.69 3.06 3.56 4.00 4.25 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 8.00 8.50

Elbow B
5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.75 8.50 9.00
10.25 11.50 14.00 16.50 19.00

Elbow

Reducer

c
2.00
2.50 2.75 3.00

r-l L4 r1 !2
2
.>L

6.t2
6.50 7.50 8.25 9.00
10.00

2.00 2.50 3.00

3.50 4.00

.88 1.00 1.12 1.79

4.I9
4.94 5.69 6.31 6.94 8.31 9.69 17.94

5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.00

11.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 19.00

r)
4
5 6 8 10 12

J .l

3.50 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50

6.00 7.00

7.2s

5.00
6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 73.25 15.25 17.00 19.00

.69
.75 .81

i1.00 t2.50
15.00
1? <^

i.38
I.44
r.62
1.88

i0.00
11.50 13.00 15.00 16.50 18.00 19.50

.94 1.00

i4.06
16.44 18.94

20.50 23.00 25.50 28.00 30.50 36.00 43.00

2.00

1.4oD

r.12
7.25 1.38 1.50 1.62 2.00

8.00
8.50 9.50 10.00 10.50 L2.00 15.00

2.I2
2.25 2.38 2.50 2.75 3.00

0D 18 0D 20 0D 24 0D 30 0D
16
"

2L.50 24.00 26.50 29.00 34.00 41.50

2I.06
23.31 25.56 30.31 37.79

23.00 29.00

20.00 24.00 30.00

22.50 27.s0

ANSI 816.1_1989

a76

Appendix

46 Cost-lron Pipe Flonges, Drilling for Bolts ond Their Lengths,o 25O lbAmericon Nqfionol Stondord
I)inmeter
Nominal PipeSize
1

Thichess
ofFlange,

Diameter
of Raised . Ece
2.69 3.06 3.56 4.19 4.94 6.69

Diameter
of Bolt

of
Flange'
4.88
5.25

I)iameter of Bolt
Holes
.75
.75

Number

of
Bolts
4 4
4
8 8 8

Min.
.69 .75
.81

Circle
3.s0 3.88 4.50 5.00 s.88

.62 .62 .75 .62

.75

2.50 2.50
2.75 2.75 3.25

rI
1+

6.72 6.50 7.50

8.2s

.88 .75 .88 .88 .88 .88 .88 .88 1.00

2
o1

.88

4
3

1.00
1..r2 7.79 1.25 1.38

6.4
7.25

.75
.75 .75

3.50 3.50
3.75

^l
4
5

9.00
10.00

6.3t
6.94
8.31 9.69 7L.94

8 8 8

7.88
9.25 70.62 13.00 15.25

1L.00

.75 .75 .88 1.00 7.72

4.00 4.00 4.50

5.25

6
8 10 L2

t2.50
15.00

7.44
1..62

t2 t2
1.6

t7.50
20.50 23.00 25.50 28.00 30.50 36.00 43.00

1.88

t4.06 t6.44
78.94 21.06 23.37

t.t2
r.25
1.25 1.38 1.38 1.38 7.62

2.ffi
2.12 2.25 2.38 2.50 2.75 3.00

t7.75
20.25

t6
20

5.50 6.00
6.25

0D 16 0D
14

t.L2
t.25 r.25 r.25
1.50

22.50
24.75

20
24 24 24 28

0D 20oD 24oD 30 0D
18
"

6.50 6.7s 7.50 8.50

25.s6
30.31

27.00 32.00
39.25

37.19

2.00

r.75

ANSI B1.1-1989.

Decimal and Millimeter Equivalents

To4
4ths
Sths

To3
Places

lo2
Places

frl il

l-

l6ths

To4
4ths Sths l6thr
32nds

To3
Places

To2
Places

iri[.
meters

32nds

64ths

Places

meters
.397

64ths
-1 64

Places

l64

+
-L l6

_l 64-

I .047 I
.o3r
.062 .oz8 .oe4

.016

.02
03

.516
,53
1

.52
.53 .55

.794
1. 191

t7

32-

.05

l_
32

5 64 L 649

E4 -5 32

.r4r

I .ros I .lr .ns I )2

I
Lt4
.16

Lo6 Lo8
.oe

1.588 1.984

f63Z

Ji 64
64

.547

.562
.578 .594
.609

.56 .58
.59 .61 .62

2.38t
2.778 3.r75 3.572
3.969 5

l 32 I

l 64
4t
64

.625
.64 r 27
32

.64 .66 .67

.69

Ll

l_

64

l{z

ll 6415
4

L7
e 32

64-

l9
64

l_ 1

I .za I .o .stz I .l
.28t
.2s7
.328 .344

.n4 L23 .250 L2s .266 L2t

.2re Lz2

I .n .2 I
.2
.r88

.1b6

.656

l.rs
.20

4.366

4.762 5.r59
5.556 5.953

u
2)
32

64

.672
.688
.

!15

64

i03

.70
.72 .73 .75 .77

.7t9
4t
64

t 4-1
25
32

.734

.i50

4i
64

.766

.781

.78
.80
.81

5l
64

.797

It 32
3

27 64

2f
64

35eI"
I .38

lJt

l-

.8t2

.
T

H
27
12

.828
.844

.83

.84
.86 .88

55
64

25

LI
32

64

2L

L 1
-15

64

29 64
32

fi 64

.406 I .r .422 I .oz .438 I .44 .453 I .s .46s I .qt .484 I .s .soo I .so

.3el l.:g

.375

57
64

.89
.91

29

l2

59

15

64

.92

tl 32

l 64 i
64

.94
.95 .97 .98 1.000 1.00

Metric meqsure1nelts may be set off directly on drawinlp with the metric scale Decimal mesurements may be set ot directly o drawinlp wit the engineers'scale, or the decimal scle.

Symbols for Instmctors Corrections C D I H NH

Show construction
Show dimensions; show given or required data

ND
.5L GL

Not dark enough

Sharpen pencil or compass lead
Use guide lines

Improve form or spacing

Too heavy

Not heavy enough

Improve arrowheads

Error in encircled area

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