You are on page 1of 332

..

:
, ,
"" 2002

81.0 + 81.432.1 21
: , ..; ,
21

.. : , , . : , 2002. 477
81.0 + 81.432.1
.., 2002
ISBN 5882345522
2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 1.2. . . . . . . 1.2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. . . . . . . 3.3.1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 3.4. . . . . . 3.4.1. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 7 9 19 21 30 45 70 73 73 89 116 144 154 176 187 188 188 200 208 208 209 221 23
0 233 238 240 252 252 275 284 293 298 302
3

,
5

, , .
6

1. ,
7

: "

, , ; 3

. ,

- ,

,
21

, 

, , , .

.: ,

. , ,

, ,

, 1964, .146147 . ,

, 1998 . ,

. ,

, .

-.

, ,

, ,

, , ".

. " " ,

, , , ,

: " " " ". 

: ?

. .. ,

6  

; 7

. :

, ,

, : ,

, :

, 


; ,

 ... ,  ... -, 1975,

, ,
62

: .

, ,

. , 

 ,
71

,
72

2. 2.1.

, ".

. ,

, , ,

, ,

,
ngy, 12 healthy unhealthy, 13 courteous rude, 14 unambitious ambitious, 15 i
mmoral moral, 16 fanatical open-minded, 17 kind unkind, 18 thrifty extravagant,
19 ignorant knowledgeable, 20 secretive open, 21 rational emotional, 22 ugl
y beautiful, 23 quiet talkative, 24 stupid intelligent, 25 happy sad, 26 poo
r wealthy, 27 clean dirty, 28 awkward graceful, 29 regionalistic nationalistic
, 30 serious fun-loving, 31 friendly unfriendly, 32 artistic inartistic, 33
lazy hardworking, 34 flirtatious reserved, 35 strong weak, 36 clannish outgoi
ng, 37 feminine masculine, 38 adventurous unadventurous, 39 humble proud, 40
primitive modern Gardner, Kirby, Arboleda, 1973, p.192 .

, 

, , . ,

. ,

- ,

, ,

, 1997, .51 .

, , , ,

, , , " , 1999, .19 .

, , , : " "

-  , , . ,

, ,
93

: he is fighting like a pike , , ,

, . :

... " "

. , , ,

..  ; ,
ch Encarta . Dignity is 1.1. behaviour or an appearance which is serious, calm
, and controlled; used showing approval. e.g. There was something impressive abo
ut Julias quiet dignity. 1.2. the quality of being worthy of respect. e.g. Don
t discount the importance of human dignity. 2. Someones dignity is the sense th
at they have of their own importance. e.g. He danced a step or two, then remembe
red his dignity and stood still COBUILD . 1 ; 2
teliness, elevation, nobleness of mind, worthiness, worth, regard, character, im
portance, renown, splendour, majesty; that 99

mysterious something, stuff, class, tone; honour, pride; ant. humility, lowness,
meekness; 2 [a station that commands respect] syn. rank, honour, significance;
fame; importance WNWThes . 
100

. ,

, ,

, ,

, , .. ,

, ,

, , ,

, .

., , ,

, / ,

", " ", ..

, , ,

, ,

" , , 1999, .12 . ..

, 
117

4 ,

basic difference in attitudes of Orthodoxy and Catholicism, the Russian attitude


and the Western attitude. Even more, sudba is as if pre-established, it embraces
the whole of human life, and therefore it can be interpreted as in a general o
utline a fixed way of life. Being understood as a divine providence it contains i
n itself a higher meaning, it becomes the experience of man, and consequently leads
to the justification and acceptance both of all kinds of misfortunes including
historical calamities as well as acts compare a proverbial sympathy of the Rus
sian people for criminals and convicts . On the other hand, the attempt to chang
e ones fate is looked upon not too favourably. Certainly not without good reason,
with such understanding of sudba all attempts of opposing it must be associated
with an iconoclastic attitude; and generally this is the case. It certainly is n
ot by accident that all historical revolts in Russia together with the October R
evolution, on the one hand, activated just such attitude and anti-religious acts
, and were carried out under the slogans of holy missions, on the other hand. So
, when it is said in various discourses sudby Rossii or puti Rossii, the talk is
not only of history, but rather, above all, of the destiny the mission of Russia a
nd it is there that the contents of this mystical destiny is sought Faryno, 1995,
p.108109 . , fate

, ,

.. : 1 ,
121

, ..:

. ,

, , ,

.  ,
125

, 

, . , ,

: You have dishonoured your agreement.

being succeeded to a high degree] syn. fortune, good luck, achievement, gain, be
nefit, prosperity, victory, advance, attainment, progress, profit, prosperous is
sue, bed of roses, favorable outcome; ant. defeat, loss, disaster. 3. [a success
ful person or thing] syn. celebrity, famous person, leader, authority, master, e
xpert, man of fortune; somebody, star, gallery hit, bell-ringer, VIP. ant. failu
re, loser, nonentity WNWThes . ""

. ,
130

 , 1 .
C . Futile 1 useless, ineffectual, vain; 2 frivolous, trifling [Latin futilis l
eaky, futile, related to fundere pour] COD .
vercoat ; 3 intr. as bustling adj. colloq. full of activity; [perhaps from bu
skle frequentative of busk prepare, from Old Nors] COD . Fuss n. 1 excited commo
tion, bustle, ostentatious or nervous activity; 2 a excessive concern about a
trivial thing; b abundance of petty detail; 3 a sustained protest or dispute;
4 a person who fusses; v. 1 intr. a make a fuss; b busy oneself restlessly w
ith trivial things; c often foll. by about, up and down move fussily; 2 tr.
Brit. agitate, worry; make a fuss complain vigorously; make a fuss over or Brit
. of treat a person or animal with great or excessive attention [18th c.: per
haps Anglo-Irish] COD . 131

"", "", ", ", "", " ", "

; . . , , ; :
134

worse, such as damage. Dated If you make mischief you say something which caus
es other people to be upset or annoyed with each other COBUILD .
; trick an action which is intended to deceive, either as a way of cheating som
eone, or as a joke or form of entertainment She played a really nasty trick on
me she put syrup in my shampoo bottle CIDE ; prank a practical joke a trick p
layed on someone to amuse others: She glued a teachers book to the desk as a pr
actical joke LDELC ; a practical joke is a joke which makes someone seem foolis
h and involves a physical action rather than words: She stuck her bosss cup and
saucer together as a practical joke CIDE . , ,

.
; ", , ", ,
sports, tricks or practical jokes WNDS ,

, : He that cockers his child, provides for his enemy. A pitiful


daughters make daidling wives. , , .

, .

Wunder, die Verwunderung, die Wunderding, das Erstaunen, die Verbluffung, die Ve
rwirrung, das berraschen, die Neugier, die Kuriositt, die Seltenheit, die Raritt, d
er Einfall, die Grille, die Laune, das Phnomen, die Erscheinung, das Aufsehen, di
e Sensation, die Bewunderung, die Ehrfurcht, die Erstarrung, der Zauber, der Rei
z, der Charme; , , , , , , , ,

, , , , 

, ,

, , , , .
143

2.4.

.. ,

  .

, , , ,


149

, .. . -

, 

, praesens historicum

2.5. 1 -
1
...
154


sobriety antonym Heritage ; Humour n. 1. The humour of the situation had ever
yone laughing: funniness, comedy, comicality, ridiculousness, ludicrousness, dro
llery, nonsense, jocularity, jocoseness, jocosity. 2. The book is cheerful and f
ull of humour: jokes, joking, wit, wittiness, witticisms, gags, wisecracks, jest
s, jesting, foolery, fooling, foolishness, tomfoolery, raillery, ridicule, buffo
onery, waggery, monkeyshines, comedy, high comedy, low comedy, broad comedy, sla
pstick, low humour, broad humour, burlesque, farce, caricature, parody, travesty
, satire, whimsy, wordplay, puns. Antonyms seriousness, gravity, solemnity, sobr
iety; sadness, grief, sorrow, melancholy Random House . Funny 1. adj. Behavin
g like a clown:, clownish, buffoonish, foolish, entertaining, amusing, silly, se
nsible antonym . 2. adj. Causing or deserving laughter, laughable, jocose, am
using, entertaining, comic, comical, droll, farcical, foolish, humorous, rich, b
urlesque, risible, witty, serious antonym Heritage ; funny adj. 1. Its a ver
y funny story, but I dont want to repeat it: comical, amusing, humorous, divert
ing, laughable, hilarious, absurd, ridiculous, ludicrous; witty, droll, comic, f
acetious, waggish, jocular, jocose, sporting, jesting, antic, mirthful, merry; f
arcical. Antonyms 1 serious, sober, humourless; solemn, grave; mournful Random
House .

, ,

. ,

, . , ,

" ?" ", ". ,


160

, : " , ?

. ,

: , 
163

4 Call the Psychic Hotline from your cell phone and ask if they know what floor
youre on. 5 Hold the doors open and say youre waiting for your friend. After
awhile, let the doors close and say, "Hi Greg. Hows your day been?" 6 Drop a
pen and wait until someone reaches to help pick it up, then scream, "Thats mine
" 7 Bring a camera and take pictures of everyone in the lift. 8 Move your des
k into the lift and whenever someone gets on, ask if they have an appointment. 9
Lay down a Twister mat and ask people if theyd like to play. 10 Leave a box
in the corner, and when someone gets on ask them if they hear something ticking.
11 Pretend you are a flight attendant and review emergency procedures and exit
with the passengers. 12 Ask, "Did you feel that?" 13 Stand really close to so
meone, sniffing them occasionally. 14 When the doors close, announce to the oth
ers, "Its okay. Dont panic, they open up again." 15 Swat at flies that dont
exist. 16 Tell people that you can see their aura. 17 Call out, "Group hug" t
hen enforce it. 18 Grimace painfully while smacking your forehead and muttering
"Shut up, all of you, just shut up" 19 Crack open your briefcase or handbag,
and while peering inside, ask, "Got enough air in there?" 20 Stand silently and
motionless in the corner, facing the wall, without getting off. 21 Stare at an
other passenger for a while, then announce in horror, "Youre one of THEM" and
back away slowly. 22 Wear a puppet on your hand and use it to talk to the other
passengers. 23 Listen to the lift walls with your stethoscope. 24 Make explos
ion noises when anyone presses a button. 25 Grinning, stare at another passenge
r for a while, and then announce, "I have new socks on." 26 Draw a little squar
e on the floor with chalk and announce to the other passengers, "This is my pers
onal space" www.jokes.co.uk .

.
times like some continentals? Standardisation of a practice which can cause awka
rdness and embarrassment is surely long overdue. - Philip Watson, London W9 A: S
ocial kissing, as the name suggests, is usually reserved for social life, unless
you work in lovey-dovey metiers such as fashion, magazines, the theatre and so
on, where no professional greeting is complete without osculatory over excitemen
t. It is crass and presumptuous to kiss people you are meeting for the first tim
e: a traditional handshake or small nod of the head is all that is called for. T
he only site for a social kiss is the cheek: attempts at mouths, foreheads or an
y other part of the anatomy display distinctly sexual rather than social intenti
ons. One kiss is usual for the older generation, two quite permissible for young
people, but three is quite excessive for any age. If kissing twice, it is usual
to adopt a left-right sequence. ,

. ,

, .
168

:
169

, , : ",

: ,  : , .

: , , 

: ,
175

2.6.

, , ,

-, ,

, .

. , ,

1998, .217219 . , ,


182


183

: Its your problem

,
186

, .

language use in social contexts, and in particular with interaction or dialogue


between speakers". Stubbs, 1983, p.1 .

, , -

, 1994, . 7, 19 .

, , 1994,

technical redoings , regroundings Goffman, 1


198

, - ,

..

3 , , ,

 " ".

,
208

, 
; lecturer, expositor, exponent, interpreter; prelector, assistant professor, as
sociate professor, professor, adjunct professor, chaired professor, visiting pro
fessor, professor emeritus; catechist, catechizer; initiator, mystagogue; confid
ant, consultant, adviser; teaching staff, faculty, professoriate. Other Forms sc
holar: don, reader, professor, pedagogue, teacher; sage: master, mentor, guide,
guru, pundit, rabbi, teacher; interpreter: interpreter, clarifier, explainer, ex
ponent, expounder, expositor, exegete, teacher, religious teacher; lecture: lect
urer, teacher; director: director of studies, teacher; adviser: guide, philosoph
er and friend, mentor, confidante , teacher; expert: professional, pro, special
ist, authority, doyen, professor, teacher; master: schoolmaster or -mistress, te
acher.

, ,

. ,

,
215

, , ,
216

, .

, 1985, .57 , , ,
218

 .

 , -, - .. .

: , . ?

, , ,
222

, , , . .

.106,108 , ,

: , ;

. ,
226

" ,  ; ;
ne is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen".

, , ,

, .
229

, 3 , 4

 .
232

,
233

, ,

, 6 - , 7

, , , "

, , ,

, .
241

., .. , : 1

,
243

, ,

,
246

, , ,

: 1 , 2 , 3

, , ,
249

.
250

, ,
251

, .

,
255

 ,
256

, ,

- , , 

: .
262

- , ,

- , ,

, . ,

, ,

, . : "

, , . ? "

 ,
270

.
271

. " ? .. .
272

" ?" " , ". " ?" " ,


273

" " . : "

, , . .

. -

, .

, ,

? . .
281

, .

. 

. ,

, , ,

p.8 . ,

, "
292

, ,

. -

. ,
297

,
298

, - ,

, -,

,
301

.. "" 
302

..
303

.. - 
304

.. // . .:
305

.., .. . .: . , 1980. 320

.. , , . . .: . .

.. : . .: - . -, 2000. 120
308

.. - 

.. . :
310

.. //

.. : . . : . . . -,
312

.., ..

.. .
314

.. 

.. . : . -, 1998.
316

.. . :
317

.. "" 

.. 
319

.. 

.. // : ,
321

.. //
322

. 70- . ..: . . . : , 2000. .99108


323

.. // . 1983. 10. .7178.

.. 

.. : . .: ,
, 1979. P.157-178.
326

Blum-Kulka Sh., Hause J., Kasper G. Investigating Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: An


Introductory Overview // Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies. Blum
Kulka et al. Eds. . Norwood: Ablex,1989. P.134. Brown G., Yule G. Discourse Anal
ysis. Cambrige: Cambrige Univ. Press, 1983. 288 p. Brown P., Fraser C. Speech as
a marker of situation // Social markers in speech. Cambridge: Cambridge Univers
ity Press, 1979. P 33-62. Brown P., Levinson S. Universals in Language Usage: Po
liteness Phenomena // Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social Interaction
/ Ed. by E.N.Goody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. P. 56-289. Brz
ozowska D. British and Polish Celebrity Jokes // Stylistyka X, 2001. P.219226. Ch
iaro D. The Language of Jokes: Analysing Verbal Play. London, N.Y.: Routleage, 1
992. 129 p. Chlopicki W. Humorous and Non-Humorous Stories Are There Differences
in Frame-Based Reception? // Stylistyka X, 2001. P.5978. Cicourel A.V. Doctor-Pa
tient Discourse // Handbook of Discourse Analysis/ ed. by T.A. van Dijk. New Yor
k, 1985. Vol.4. Cohen A.D., Olshtain E., Rosenstein D.S. Advanced EFL Apologies:
What Remains to Be Learned? // International Journal of the Sociology of Langua
ge 62. 1986. P.51-74. Crystal D. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Langu
age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 489 p. Davies Ch. Ethnic Humor
Around the World: A Comparative Analysis. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana Un
iversity Press, 1990. 404 p. Davies Ch. Jokes and their Relation to Society. Ber
lin, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, 1998. 234 p. Dorinson J., Boskin J. Racial and Eth
nic Humor // Humor in America: A Research Guide to Genres and Topics. N. Y.: Gre
enwood, 1978. P. 163193. Duranti A. Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1997. Ervin-Tripp S. Childrens sociolinguistic competence and
dialect diversity // ErvinTripp S. Language acquisition and communicative choice
. Stanford, 1973. Fairclough N. Discourse and Text: Linguistic and Intertextual
Analysis within Discourse Analysis // Discourse and Society. 1992. N 3. P.192217.
Faryno J. Fate // The Russian Mentality. Lexicon. Ed. by A.Lazari. Katowice, 1995. P
.108-109. Fisher S., Groce S.B. Accounting Practices in Medical Interviews // La
nguage in Society 19. 1990. Fishman J.A. The sociology of language: an interdisc
iplinary approach to language in society // Advances in the sociology of languag
e. Vol.1. The Hague: Mouton, 1976. P. 217404. Gans E. The Origin of Language. A F
ormal Theory of Representation. -Berkeley,1981. 314 p. Gardner R.C., Kirby D.M.,
Arboleda A. Ethnic stereotypes: A cross-cultural replication of their unitary d
imensionality // The Journal of Social Psychology. Vol.91. 1973. P.189 195. Goffm
an E. Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order. Harmondsworth: Peng
uin, 1972. 460 p. Goffman E. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Exp
erience. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1974. 586 p. Goffman E. The Negl
ected Situation // Language in Social Context: Selected Readings. Harmondsworth:
Penguin, 1979. P.6166. Goody E.N. Towards a theory of questions // Questions and
politeness: strategies in social interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press,
1978. P.17-43. 327

Gorer J. Exploring English Character. New York: Criterion Books, 1955. 328 p. Ha
ll E.T. The Hidden Dimension. New York: Anchor, 1969. 217 p. Halliday M.A.K. Exp
lorations in the Functions of Language. London, 1973. 143 p. Halliday M.A.K. Lan
guage as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning. Lon
don: Arnold, 1978. 256 p. Hasan R. Ways of saying, ways of meaning // The semiot
ics of culture and language. London: Pinter, 1984. Vol.1. P.105162. Hein N., Woda
k R. Medical interviews in internal medicine // Text 7. 1987. Hirsch E.D. Jr. Cu
ltural Literacy. What Every American Needs to Know. New York: Vintage Books, 198
8. 252 p. Hodge R., Kress G. Social Semiotics. Cambridge: Polity, 1988. 285 p. H
oggart R. The uses of literacy. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990. 384 p. Hsu F.L.K.
The Study of Literate Civilizations. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.
123 p. Hudabiunigg I. The politeness model in the dialogue between neighbouring
countries: the speeches of Vaclav Havel and Richard von Weizscker in the Karolin
um // Dialoganalyse VI. Referate der 6. Arbeitstagung. Prag, 1996. Teil 2. Tubin
gen: Niemeyer, 1998. S.225233. Hudson T. The Discourse of Advice Giving in Englis
h: I Wouldnt Feed Until Spring No Matter What You Do // Language and Communic
ation 10. 1990, No.4. P.285297. Hymes D. Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethn
ographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1974. 246 p.
Jucker A.-H. News interviews: A pragmalinguistic analysis. Amsterdam: Benjamins,
1986. 195 p. Keith A. Meaning and Speech Acts // http://www.arts.monash.edu.au
/ ling/speech_acts_allan.shtml Klapp O.E. Symbolic Leaders. Public Dramas and Pu
blic Men. Chicago: Aldine,1964. 272 p. Kramarae C., Schulz M., OBarr W.M. Intro
duction: Toward an Understanding of Language and Power // Language and Power. C.
Kramarae et al.Eds. . Beverly Hills: Sage, 1984. P.922. Kurcz I. Inter-language
comparison of word-association responses // International Journal of psychology.
1966. Vol.1. No. 2. P.151161. Labov W., Fanshel D. Therapeutic Discourse: psycho
therapy as Conversation. New York: Academic Press, 1977. 392 p. Leech G.N. Princ
iples of pragmatics. London: Longman, 1983. 250 p. Levinson S. Pragmatics. Cambr
idge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1983. 420 p. Linde C. Linguistic consequences of co
mplex social structures: rank and task in police helicopter discourse // Berkele
y Linguistic Society. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting. Berkeley Cal. , 1
988. P.142152. Milner G.B. Homo Ridens: Towards a Semiotic Theory of Humor and La
ughter // Semiotica. 1972. 5. P.130. Mulkay M. On Humour: Its Nature and its Plac
e in Modern Society. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988. 232 p. Oksaar E. Kulturemthe
orie: ein Beitrag zur Sprachverwendungsforschung. Hamburg: Joachim Jungius-Gesel
lschaft der Wissenschaften, 1988. 72 S. Raskin V. Semantic Mechanisms of Humor.
Dordrecht: Reidel, 1985. 284 p. Rintell E. Sociolinguistic Variation and Pragmat
ic Ability: A Look at Learners // International Journal of the Sociology of Lang
uage 27. 1981. P.1134. Rosch E. Cognitive Representation of Semantic Categories /
/ Journal of Experimental Psychology 104. 1975. P.192233. The Russian Mentality.
Lexicon. Ed. by A.Lazari. Katowice, 1995. 135 p. 328

Schatzman L., Strauss A. Social class and modes of communication // The psychoso
ciology of language. Chicago: Markham, 1972. P.206221. Schiffrin D. Discourse mar
kers. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987. 364 p. Schiffrin D. Approaches to
Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. 314 p. Schiffrin D. Conversati
onal Analysis // Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey. Vol.4. Cambridge: Cambridge
Univ. Press, 1988. P. 251276. Searle J.R. Speech Acts. London: Cambridge Universi
ty Press, 1970. 204 p. Skrebnev Y.M. Fundamentals of English Stylistics / ..
discourse analysis"? // http://bank.rug.ac.be/da/da.htm 2002. Stubbs M. Discours
e Analysis: The Sociolinguistic Analysis of Natural Language. Oxford: Blackwell,
1983. 272 p. Verschueren J. English as Object and Medium of Mis understanding
// English acros Cultures. Cultures across English. A Reader in Cross-Cultural C
ommunication. New York: Mouton de Gruiter, 1989. P.3153. Walton D. Ad Hominem Arg
uments. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1998. 318 p. Weigand E. Sprache
als Dialog: Sprechakttaxonomie und kommunikative Grammatik. Tbingen: Niemeier, 1
989. 368 S. Weizman E. Requestive hints // Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests a
nd apologies. Norwood: Ablex, 1989. P.7195. Wodak R. Disorders of discourse. Lond
on and New York: Longman, 1996. 200 p. Wundt W. The language of gestures. The Ha
gue: Mouton, 1973. 149 p. ..
329

. . . . . ..
h Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976. 1368 p. COD . The Concise Oxford D
ictionary of Current English. 9th Edition. 1995. On CD-ROM. COD CDROM Cohen J.
M., Cohen M.J. A Dictionary of Modern Quotations. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975.
366 p. Encarta 98 Desk Encyclopedia  1996-97 Microsoft Corporation. Encyclopedia
Britannica. Electronic Version. 1997. Fergusson R. The Penguin Dictionary of Pr
overbs. London: Penguin, 1988. 331 p. Hendrickson R. The Wordsworth Book of Lite
rary Anecdotes. London: Wordsworth, 1997. 328 p. Longman Dictionary of Contempor
ary English. Harlow and London, 1978. 1303 p. LDCE . Longman Dictionary of Engl
ish Language and Culture. Harlow: Longman, 1993. 1528 p. LDELC . Oxford Advance
d Learners English Encyclopedic Dictionary. OALED . Oxford Advanced Learners Dict
ionary of Current English. A.S.Hornby with A.P.Cowie, A.C.Gimson. Oxford Univers
ity Press, 1980. 1037 p. OALD . The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Quotations. Ed.
by Tony Augarde. Oxford University Press, 1992. 530 p. Rees N. The Bloomsbury D
ictionary of Phrase and Allusion. London: Bloomsbury, 1993. 358 p. Ridout R., Wi
tting C. English Proverbs Explained. London: Pan Books, 1969. 223 p. Rogets The
saurus of English Words and Phrases. Ed. by R.A.Dutch. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1
979. 712 p. 330

Sherrin N. Dictionary of Humorous Quotations. Oxford, 1996. Simpson J. The Conci


se Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. 256 p.
Websters Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Po
rtland House, 1989. 2078 p. WEUD . Websters New Dictionary of Synonyms. Spring
field, Mass.: Merriam, 1978. 909 p. WNDS . Websters New World Thesaurus. Prepa
red by C.G.Laird. New York: Meridian, 1971. 678 p. WNWThes . The Wordsworth Dic
tionary of Phrase and Fable. London: Wordsworth, 1993. 1175 p.
: , ,
331

You might also like