Syllabus

Discourse
Analysis

Enter
Dr. Sugeng Purwanto, MA
Dr. Sugeng Purwanto, MA
 Personal Profile

Dr. Sugeng Purwanto, MA—born in Bandung on January 19, 1959—

completed his Doctorate degree in English Language Pedagogy (Dr.) of
UNNES in 2007 and his Master Degree (MA) of Griffith University, Australia
in 1996 majoring in Applied Linguistics. His research interests include
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Literacy Pedagogy with a special
expertise in Functional Grammar and its related subfields, such as Genre
Studies, and Appraisal Systems. From 1982-1985 he was involved in
Galang Refugee Camp under UNHCR-RI cooperation, as an ESL teacher,
curriculum and material developer, finalizing his position as a ESL
teacher trainer upon completion of work contract (1985). His book ‘Survival
English for Overseas Employment’ was published in 2001. He is currently
employed as a Senior Lecturer in Faculty of Language and Cultural Studies,
University of Stikubank (UNISBANK) Semarang, specializing in the teaching
of Language Research Methodology, Poetry, Drama and Prose Studies
and Cross Cultural Understanding. He is now developing EFL multimedia,
and this is part of his works.
 Syllabus-Part 1
 Language in Use
 A sample of language
 What is a text?
 Text and discourse
 Spoken and written texts
 Conclusion
 Communication
 Grammar and communication
 Three kinds of pragmatic meaning
 Four aspects of communicative competence
 Conclusion
 Syllabus-Part 2
 Context
 Conditions of language use
 Context and shared knowledge
 Text-activated context
 Unshared context
 Context and shared valued
 Syllabus-Part 3
 Schematic Conventions
 Context and situation
 The concept of the schema
 Frames of reference
 Frames and cultural assumptions
 Interpersonal routines
 Adjacency pairs
 Genre
 Syllabus-Part 4
 Co-textual relations
 Information structure
 Text linkage
 Anaphora and pro-forms
 Cohesion
 Cohesion and coherence
 Syllabus-Part 5
 The Negotiation of Meaning
 Systemic and schematic knowledge
 Communicative convergence
 The cooperative principle
 The quantity maxim
 Conversational implicature
 Maxims of quality, relation and manner
 Cooperative and territorial imperative
 Syllabus-Part 6
 Critical Analysis
 Positioning
 Terms of reference
 Alternative wordings and persuasive
purpose
 Critical discourse analysis
 The significance of textual choice
 Implicature and textual choice
 Implicature and grammatical choice
 Syllabus-Part 7
 Text Analysis
 Actually attested language
 Norms of usage
 Patterns of collocation
 Semantic prosodies
Language in Use

1 A Sample of Language

2 What is a text?

3 Text and Discourse

4 Spoken and Written Text

 A sample of language

 “KEEP OFF THE GRASS.”

 English √

 Capital letters, monosyllabic √

 A sentence, imperative √

 Two main constituents √

 cf. ‘Put out the light √

 ‘Put the light out √

×
 Keep the grass off
 To analyze Vs to act upon
 What is a text?

 A text is the actual use of a language

 cf. a sentence (abstract unit of
grammatical analysis
 A text is produced for communicative
purposes.
 To know a text is to be able to interpret it.
 Shared knowledge ?
 Context of culture
 Context of situation
 Correct responses to a text is termed
as ‘literate’
 Text and discourse

 A text (whatever it looks like) has its

own communicative purpose.
 Discourse refers to
 What a text producer meant by a text.
 What a text means to a receiver.
 Discourse is governed by
 Broader issues of social and ideological
values
 Discourse is an institutionalized use of
language
 ‘Discourse’ may refer to idealized thoughts.
 Spoken and written text

 Spoken text
 Fragmented, Ephemeral
 Disappearing as soon as it is produced to
serve its immediate discourse purposes.
 Grammatically intricate
 Jointly produced as the discourse
 Written text
 Well constructed, lexico-grammatically
 Unilaterally produced as permanent record
 Lexically dense
 Conclusion

 Semantic resources are encoded in a particular

language assumed to be shared to enact a
discourse—to get the intended meaning across to
some second party . The linguistic trace of this
process is the text.
 In spoken text, the text is jointly produced as the
discourse proceeds by overt interaction, and
typically disappears once it has served its purpose.
In writing, the text unilaterally produced and
remains a permanent record. The meaning of a text
has to be interpreted , and see how far
interpretation corresponds with the intention.
 Meanings are realized on the basis of lexicon, and
context (of situation and of culture). Consider:
“Got another battle tonight?”
Sex is not everything; but everything without sex is nothing.