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Green Associate

Exam Preparation Study Guide

This guide is designed to work in conjunction with other resources as cited by the Green Associate Candidate Handbook. In particular, the Building Design and Construction Reference Guide, 2009 should be a key resource in your exam preparation. Best of luck!

This guide is in no way connected to or endorsed by either the United States Green Building Council or the Green Building Certification Institute. 2009

About the USGBC & GBCI


The United States Green Building Council (USGBC) was created with the intention of revolutionizing the building industry. Based in Washington, DC, this diverse membership of organizations has put together a program that incorporates consensus-driven, committeebased product development with rating and accreditation systems to help ensure a sustainable future for the building industry. Since 2001, more than 100,000 building professionals have earned the LEED AP credential by demonstrating their understanding of sustainable building design, construction and operation. More federal, state and local governments are requiring LEED certification on new or existing building projects, and the demand for a trained professional is increasing. Currently, the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) is the governing body for the certification of buildings and accreditation of professionals. Prior to the LEED version 3 changes for 2009, the USGBC oversaw all building certification activity, while the GBCI focused on the accreditation of professionals. Currently, there are 67 Chapters of the USGBC nationwide, and the program is experiencing exponential growth. Benefits for LEED Green Associates and APs include: Valuable and marketable credential for employers, prospective employers, and/or clients. Listing on USGBC web site directory of LEED APs. LEED AP certificate of recognition for involvement in LEED project. Eligibility for projects on which owners are mandating the participation of a LEED AP. Strengthened qualifications when responding to Request for Proposals (RFPs) requiring LEED APs. Contributing to your professional development. The U.S. Green Building Council has very specific policies on when and where its logo and trademarks can be used. Logo guidelines, which can be found online at www.usgbc.org, state specific legal requirements for using its registered and owned trademarks. These guidelines include: Only using EPS graphics provided by the USGBC for logos. Captured or scanned images are not allowed. Acceptable sizes range from 20% less to 380% more than the original image on print documents, or between 50 and 200 pixels on web pages. Requiring the trademark symbol after the first, most prominent use of a registered
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trademark. Proper uses include the first page of each section in a website and each section in a long printed document. Including the TM or SM symbol for marks owned by, but not yet registered to, the USGBC. USGBC trademarks must include ownership information such as, the statement: LEED and related logo is a trademark owned by the U.S. Green Building Council and is used by permission. These trademarks can only refer to USGBC products, not those from another organization or company. The USGBC symbols cannot be the largest graphic item on a page. These symbols cannot be construed as imparting an official endorsement of any product or service. The USGBC marks cannot be used on official sales or disclosure documents. They cannot be used in relation to any complaints or criticisms of the USGBC. The USGBC symbols may not be merged into another logo. The USGBC can disapprove the use of any of its symbols on non-organizational materials. Examples of inappropriate USGBC logo uses are shown online.
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How to become a LEED Professional


Tier I: Green Associate The Green Associate credential is for building professionals who want to understand green building principles across various areas of practice. Knowledge associated with the exam includes the basics of green design, construction and operations. This is the first step for professionals looking to become LEED APs. This exam is recommended for people not directly involved in the building process: realtors, community managers, urban planners, etc. Prerequisites: Have previous experience on a LEED-registered project OR Attend an educational program focusing on green building basics OR Be employed in a sustainable field of work

Tier II: LEED AP+ The LEED AP+ credential is indicative of a deep knowledge and understanding of green building practices, as well as the LEED credit rating systems and reference guides. LEED APs are hold a credential under one or more specialties.

Prerequisites: Have previous experience on a LEED-registered project AND Take and pass the Green Associate Exam

Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance refers to the ongoing operations of existing buildings and schools.

Building Design and Construction should be used for major renovations, new construction, core and shell, and schools.

Interior Design and Construction is for commercial and retail interiors

Homes is for residential neighborhoods looking to become LEED Certfied

Neighborhood Development has yet to be released. Look for it in 2010.

The USGBC has recently revamped the LEED Accredited Professional Program, beginning April 27, 2009. LEED AP candidates who registered for their exams by April 1, 2009, and successfully passed the exam by June 30, 2009, are registered as Legacy LEED APs under the older program. Anyone else wishing to become a LEED Accredited Professional must now meet new requirements from the Green Building Certification Institute: 1. Candidates must take and pass the Green Associate (Tier I) exam. This exam is required for any candidate wishing to continue to become a LEED AP+. 2. Pass one of the LEED AP exams showing a depth of knowledge in a specific field. Each exam can be taken until passed. These categories are: Building Design & Construction Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Interior Design & Construction New Homes Neighborhood Development (scheduled for release in 2010) A third tier, the LEED AP Fellow, is still being developed. Details have not yet been released.

Requirements to take the LEED Green Associate Exam


In order to meet the prerequisites and be eligible to take the LEED Green Associate Exam the applicant must: Agree to the disciplinary policyand credential maintenance program (CMP) as outlined, and sign the appropriate form AND satisfy one of the following requirements: A. Be currently employed in a sustainable field of workOR B. Have previous experience supporting a LEED-registered project OR C. Attend an education program that addresses green building principles. Requirement A, as well as one of the other criteria (B-D) must be met to demonstrate eligibility. Your experience must be documented in the form of a letter of attestation from a supervisor, client, project manager, or teacher and must describe your involvement on the job or in the classroom. The GBCI will accept a certificate of completion or an official transcript in lieu of a letter of attestation. Five toseven percentof all applications will be audited to prove compliance.

Green Associate Exam


The LEED Green Associate exam is designed to measure your knowledge of green building basics. The Green Associate exam is comprised of 100 multiple choice questions randomly delivered. You will have 2 hours to complete the test and 10 minutes to complete a tutorial prior to the exam, as well as an optional 10-minute survey at the end of the test.
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Green Associate Credential Maintenance Program


In order to maintain the Green Associate active status, you must participate in 15 hours of continuing education every2 years, with3 hours obtained from an approved program specific to the LEED Rating System, credit categories, and LEED updates. Details can be found at www.gbci.org.

Cost Associated with the LEED Green Associate Exam


Credential Fees: $50 application fee; $150 fee per exam appointment for USGBC National Members and full-time students,or$200 fee per exam appointment for all others; $50 maintenance fee every 2 years.
Application Fee $50 Examination Fee $150/member $200/non-member Maintenance $50/2 years

Requirements to take a LEED AP exam


To take the LEED AP exams, you must have previous experience with a LEED Registered Project within three years of your application submittal date. This work experience must be documented in the form of a letter of attestation from a supervisor, client, or project manager and must describe your involvement on the LEED Project as a consultant, contracted worker, member of the LEED Project Team, LEED Homes Provider, LEED Commercial Reviewer, LEED Homes Green Verifier, or staff member of a Certifying Body (CB). As with the Green Associate exam, candidates must also agree to the disciplinary policy and credential maintenance requirements and submit to an application audit. Five to seven percent of all applications will be audited.

Accredited Professional Credential Maintenance Program


To maintain the LEED AP credential, the LEED AP must participate in 30 hours of continuing education required every2 years, with6 hours obtained from an approved program specific to the LEED Rating System, credit categories, and LEED updates.

LEED Certification
In todays society, the benefits of green living have become increasingly apparent. LEED certification proves dedication to sustainability and could boost the value of a building. By adhering to LEED guidelines, you can reduce your environmental footprint and rest assured that you are in a healthy living and work environment. LEEDcertified projects range from new construction and commercial interiors to schools and homes. There are many benefits to having a LEED certified project, such as lower operating costs, conservation of water and energy, increased value, reduced emissions, healthier occupants and a more productive work environment. The long-term benefits of having a LEED certified building can outweigh the initial impact to the project budget.

Cost Associated with the LEED Accredited Professional


Credential Fees: $100 application fee; $300 USGBC National Member fee per exam appointment or $450 non-member fee per exam appointment; $50 maintenance fee every2 years. Any additional specialty exam is $150 for USGBC National Members per exam appointment and$250 for non-members per exam appointment, plus the application fee.
Application Fee $100 Examination Fee $300/member $450/non-member Maintenance $50/2 years

Accredited Professional Exam


The LEED Accredited Professional exam is designed to measure your knowledge of the subject matter. Similarly to the Green Associate exam, the LEED AP exam is comprised of 100 multiple choice questions randomly delivered. The time limit is 2 hours, plus a 10-minute tutorial and optional 10-minute survey at the end of the exam. The total exam appointment is 2 hours, 20 minutes.

The LEED process uses voluntary, sustainable performance standards for the environmentally sound construction and operation of buildings. Building owners can apply for any of four LEED certification levels if their buildings meet each rating systems prerequisites and can achieve the proper scores. Buildings can be certified at one level, then recertified later at another level. Green Buildings: Operations and Maintenance certification is used for older, non-LEED buildings seeking their first certificate, and already certified New Construction, Core & Shell, and Schools looking for ongoing operations certification.

Appeals
Appeals may be filed after receipt of a final design phase or construction phase review when a credit has been determined to be Denied. The project team has 25 business days after the receipt of a denied credit to file an appeal with the USGBC. The cost for an appeal is $500/credit. Detailed information and documents for appeals can be found on LEED-Online

Fees
Information on registration and certification fees can be found on the GBCI website. Design and construction application reviews require full payment before the GBCI will commence review activities. Any fees for registration, appeals, and expedited certification are nonrefundable.

Review and Certification


LEED certification is earned by complying with all of the Minimum Project Requirements (MPRs), satisfying all of the prerequisites, and by successfully complying with the requirements for enough credits to total at least 40 points. Projects must comply with the rating system which is current at the time of project registration. More information on project registration can be found later in this guide.

Credit Substitutions
The USGBC does not allow credit substitutions between LEED rating systems. Projects need to switch over to a specific version of a rating system in its entirety.

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Did you know?

Buildings and their construction account for :

72% of total electricity use in the U.S.


More than 40% of primary energy use

136 million tons of waste in the U.S.


3 billion tons of raw material use annually

13.6% of potable water use 39% of total greenhouse gas emissions

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The Growth of Green


The green building industry is expected to skyrocket in the next several years. The government is funneling money into the economy by creating jobs for green professionals. Within the next several years, sustainable construction projects are expected to account for 10% of all new projects. Schools are utilizing the LEED rating systems to help better students' education, and hospitals are focusing on Indoor Environmental Air Quality credits to provide a better environment for patients. Already, entire cities are requiring new construction to be LEED certified. We're preparing ourselves for a sustainable future.

Projected Green Building Market Value 2006 Projection U.S. Market 2010

$12 billion (new) $36-$60 billion (new) $130 billion (renovation) $240 billion (renovation) $10-$20 billion $20-$40 billion

Commercial & $4 billion Institutional Residential $8 billion

Thousands of Registered projects


9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2004
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2005

2006

2007

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The Cost of Green


Its a common misconception that green buildings cost significantly more to build than traditional non-green buildings. While this might hold true in some cases, according to The Cost of Green Revisitied by Davis Langdon, many projects are achieving LEED Certification within their budgets, and within the same cost range as non-LEED projects. Green or not, it is true that construction costs have risen dramatically. Projects can still achieve the certification levels, though the cost to construct a sustainable building can initially be slightly more than a non-green structure. However, operational costs are significantly lower over time. In his essay, Langdon does attribute the unwillingness to seek LEED certification to the idea that green is still thought to be an added feature in a building, rather than a standard. While the hard costs of a building project using sustainable methods may be greater, operating costs over time will almost certainly be less. An example may be energy efficient HVAC systems that utilize graywater for cooling, rather than potable water. The initial financial impact of the system may be greater than a traditional system, but reducing water use will allow for lower utility bills over time. Another example may be solar panels. They're expensive to install, but overall energy purchasing will be less, which lowers the costs of operation. Our analysis suggests that the cost per square foot for buildings seeking LEED certification falls into the existing range of costs for buildings of similar program type, the study

states. If these hard costs are similar to nongreen costs, and soft costs, such as permits and fees are identical, reduced operating costs over each systems life-cycle is where developers are likely to see substantial savings. There is no significant difference in average costs for green buildings as compared to nongreen buildings. Key findings in "The Cost of Green" are: Many projects are achieving LEED within their budgets, and within the same cost range as non-LEED projects. Construction costs have risen dramatically, but projects are still achieving LEED certification. The idea that green is an added feature continues to be a problem. Other important comments are that green buildings can be created with little or no added costthe sustainable design requirements are not considered added burdens. As well, few projects seek greater energy efficiency than required by local regulations. Until design teams understand that green design is not additive [to costs], it will be difficult to overcome the notion that green
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costs more, especially in an era of rapid cost escalation, the study states. In addition to green site selection, programs and budgeting concerns, sustainable methods should be included in construction scheduling. This includes, for example, arranging for regular pick-ups or transfers of sorted construction waste to recycling stations to help lower costs associated with hauling. The complete study can be downloaded free from www.davidlangdon.com/USA/Research/ ResearchFinder/2007-The-Cost-of-GreenRevisited/.

Green Building Costs vs Traditional Building Costs


Hard Costs are the guts of a building. Framing, equipment, and building materials, for example. These costs tend to be slightly higher to purchase for a green building. Soft Costs are necessary costs that dont produce a tangible good. Permit fees, consultation services, etc. These costs are about the same, regardless of whether the building is built greener or not. Life Cycle Costs are the total costs over the lifetime of a building. These calculations take into effect operations and maintenance costs and system replacement costs, for example. Think of these as cradle-to-grave figures. They tend to be lower in green buildings than traditional structures.

What Does LEED Cost?


Less than 50,000 Square Feet LEED for New Construction, Commercial Interiors, Fixed Rate Core & Shell, and Schools Design Review Members $1,250.00 Non-members $1,500.00 Construction Review Members $500.00 Non-members $750.00 Combined Design & Construction Review Members $1,750.00 Non-members $2,250.00 LEED for Existing Buildings Fixed Rate Initial Certification Review Members $1,250.00 Non-members $1,500.00
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50,000More than 500,000 500,000 Square Square Feet Feet Based on Square Fixed Rate Feet $0.025/ sq. ft. $0.03/ sq. ft. $0.01/ sq. ft. $0.015/sq. ft. $0.035/ sq. ft. $0.045/ sq. ft. Based on sq. ft. $0.025/ sq. ft. $0.03/ sq. ft $12,500.00 $15,000.00 $5000.00 $7500.00 $17,500.00 $22,500.00 Fixed Rate $12,500.00 $15,000.00

LEED Rating Systems


The LEED program is broken down into seven different rating systems. Three rating systems are under the Building Design and Construction specialty: New Construction, Schools and Core & Shell. Each rating system is to be used for a specific type of construction. For example, if a project is situated in an urban setting-lets say Chicago-on a lot that had previously been home to an old shoe factory. The project team may opt to keep much of the existing building, but renovate it for use as a family restaurant. This project would fall under the New Construction Rating System. Another example may include updating the interior of a big box store that has seen better times. This renovation may fall under Commercial Interiors. When determining which specialty exam to take, decide based on the type of project that you would usually participate in.

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New Construction and Major Renovations LEED for New Construction can be applied to the design and construction activities associated with new buildings and major renovations. Major renovations are defined as significant HVAC and/or envelope modifications, as well as major rehabilitation to interior spaces. Building types falling under this rating system include offices, institutional buildings, hotels and residential buildings with 4 or more habitable stories. For projects where 50% or less of the buildings leasable square footage is occupied by the owner, LEED for Core & Shell would be a more appropriate rating system. This rating system can be found in the Building Design and Construction Reference Guide from the USGBC. Core & Shell LEED for Core & Shell is for developments where the project teams do not control the entire scope of whole building design and construction. The scopes for these projects can vary significantly, but in general these are projects where the developer controls systems like mechanical, electrical and plumbing, but has no control over the construction of tenant spaces. Some examples include commercial and medical office buildings. This rating system can be applied if 50% or less of the buildings leasable square footage is occupied by the owner. For greater than 50% occupancy by the owner, LEED for New Construction would be more appropriate. For more information, Appendices 1 through 5 in the LEED for Building Design and Construction Reference Guide give guidance toward some of the more unique aspects of certification under this rating system. Schools LEED for Schools must be used for new construction or major renovation of an academic building on K-12 grounds. Non-academic buildings on a campus, postsecondary academic buildings, and pre-kindergarten buildings may use either LEED for Schools or LEED for New Construction. If a project does not include significant design and construction activities but focuses more on operations and maintenance, then using LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance would be more appropriate. Information on this rating system can be found in the Building Design and Construction Reference Guide. Neighborhood Development LEED for Neighborhood Development has not yet been released. This rating system will integrate the concepts of smart growth, new urbanism, and green building for large scale neighborhood design projects.
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Commercial Interiors LEED for Commercial Interiors addresses tenant spaces in office, retail and institutional buildings where the tenants who lease the space do not occupy the entire building. It is designed to compliment LEED for Core & Shell which certifies buildings in terms of the developers involvement with base building systems but where they are not involved with tenant spaces. Information on this rating system can be found in the Interior Design and Construction Reference Guide from the USGBC. Homes LEED for Homes addresses several types of new residential construction. This includes single-family homes, low-rise multi-family, production homes, affordable homes, manufactured and modular homes, and major remodels of existing homes. Mixed-use projects that include a combination of commercial and/or retail with residential would use LEED for New Construction. Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance was designed to certify the sustainability of ongoing operations of existing commercial and institutional buildings. Eligible building types include offices, retail and service establishments, institutional buildings, hotels, and residential buildings with four (4) or more habitable stories. This rating system is applicable to building operations, process upgrades, minor space-use changes, and minor facility alterations or additions. It can also be applied to buildings that are new to LEED certification, as well as buildings previously certified under other rating systems. Specifically, the rating system addresses exterior building maintenance programs, water and energy use, environmentally preferred products and practices for cleaning and alterations, sustainable purchasing policies, waste stream management, and ongoing indoor environmental quality. It is a whole-building rating system; therefore, individual tenant spaces are ineligible.

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EBOM special considerations


Not all rating systems are created equally. Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance (EBOM) is the only rating system that exists for buildings that have already been constructed and are in use but could stand to be a little greener. The EBOM Rating System helps to ensure the sustainable operations of buildings, and can be used for previously certified LEED buildings, or buildings with no certification at all. Because its an ongoing operational program, it has some different requirements that must be met before certification. Under the EBOM Rating System, buildings must prove compliance within a performance period. This continuous (unbroken) period shows that all of the building systems are in order and are operating properly. The goal is to measure systems' efficiency. Initial certification requires a minimum performance period of three months (except when specific credits require a longer period for compliance) and a maximum of 24 with no gaps. Performance periods for each credit must end within a week of each other. Figures from the performance period must be submitted within 60 days of completion. For more information regarding the performance period, see the Green Buildings: Operations and Maintenance Reference Guide, 2009 Edition. With all other rating systems, once the certification is complete, its done. Theres no more work that needs to be done to maintain their status. The EBOM Rating System is a little different and requires that a building be recertified every five years or sooner. The recertification fee is 50% of the initial certification fee. The performance period for recertification is the entire period between initial certification and the current application.

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LEED v3
The GBCI recently revamped the LEED rating system and accreditation program. The method for becoming a LEED AP was changed to include the new Green Associate program, and other improvements were also made. According to the GBCI, improvements to the older LEED Rating Systems include the following: Harmonization. This ensures all credits and prerequisites are consistent and aligned through all LEED 2009 rating systems. Weighting. More weightand more project pointsis given to those strategies causing the greatest improvement in energy efficiency and reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Credits are weighted based on 13 prioritized environmental impact categories. LEED 2009 will now use a 100-point scale, with optional bonus points available. Regionalization. The goals of this section are to reward projects with bonus points when they achieve credits that are considered a priority for the projects region. Different regions of the country have different environmental considerations. To determine which credits are considered regional priorities for a project, the USGBC website has searchable files organized by state and by zip code, or the information is available upon project registration. Each zip code has six designated, pre-existing credits which, when achieved, can earn a bonus point. Up to four (4) Regional Priority points can be claimed per project. All LEED credits are organized into various topics. These topics, which are common across all LEED Rating Systems, are: Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy and Atmosphere Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovations Regional Priority (the newest category, added as part of LEED 2009) Each of these categories share common elements throughout the various rating systems, though specific credit names and requirements vary with each specialty. For example, the requirements to earn SS Credit 1 in LEED 2009 New Construction (from the LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Design and Construction) may be different from those required to earn SS Credit 1 under LEED 2009 for Existing Buildings Operations & Maintenance.

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Credit Organization
Projects must earn a set number of points to get their LEED certificates. This means meeting the required prerequisites and achieving enough points for the desired certificate level. Every LEED prerequisite and credit follows the same basic organization. They all start with the intent, or what the item is designed to achieve, then continue with these additional sections:

SS Credit 1: LEED Certified Design and Construction Value. The number of points available for this specific credit. A set number of points must be accrued in order to certify a building under the LEED guidelines. Intent. Why this credit is important or applicable. Specific requirements. Each project must achieve these goals. Many credits have two or more options, sometimes with multiple choices for each.
Value Intent

4 points

Environmentally sound building and design is rewarded with this credit. This design makes it easier to achieve efficient building operations.

Requirements

Pick one of three options: Prove that the building was previously certified under LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations. Prove the building was certified under LEED for Schools. Provide proof the building was certified under LEED for Core & Shell Development. Also, at least 75% of the floor area must be certified under LEED for Commercial Interiors. This can be done incrementally as new tenant improvements occur.

Project implementation. This is typically a guide as to how to meet the requirements. Calculations. Mathematical formulas are provided for some credits, while others require using the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager or other computerized tools. Submittal documentation. Specific requirements for each credit are provided through LEED-Online. Many credits also require additional documentation. Decision makers. The person responsible for submitting each credit is also detailed on-line. However, there are titles of people who typically submit each credit, such as the property manager. Referenced Standards. Occasionally the credit will require compliance with industry standards. This section shows those specific standards. Related credits. Some of the work done to meet one credit may also apply to other credits. Exemplary performance requirements. Additional points can be earned by going above and beyond the basic. This section explains what those requirements are. Regional Variations. Ways in which to alter, or modify the credits implementation based on where the project is located.

The most common strategy used is earning LEED certification for New Project Implementation Buildings or Major Renovations.

Calculations

For Option 3, determine the percentage of gross floor area certified under LEED CI, and sum of the floor area of certified spaces. Divide by the projects total gross floor area. This number must be at least 75%

Refer to LEED Online for the required documentation. Included should Submittal Documentation be a copy of the USGBC scorecard proving previous certification. Required

Decision Makers No decision makers are specified for this credit.

Referenced Standards & Resources

US Green Building Council (www.usgbc.org), LEED Green Building Rating System. LEED Registered Project Tools (www.usgbc.org/ projecttools) for registered users only.

Related Credits None listed Exemplary Performance


There are no Innovative or Exemplary Points available for SS Credit 1.

Regional Variations

None associated with this credit.

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Sustainable Sites
The overall goal of this section is to reduce the impacts of either a new building or major remodel on the surrounding environment. Major parts of this section include choosing a site and developing it mindfully, limiting amounts of transportation emissions, sustainable landscaping, protecting nearby lands and habitats, and managing stormwater. It also refers to heat island effects and light pollution. Construction Activity Pollution Prevention It's important to be mindful of any pollution that is being caused by the construction activity, even of a green building. When beginning the construction phase, devise a plan to reducing the amount of dust in the air, soil erosion and waterway sedimentation from construction activities. This plan must meet the EPA Construction General Permit or local codes, whichever is more stringent. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) applies to all projects seeking LEED Certification, regardless of size. Site Selection The location of the building is one of the fundamental decisions that must be made. The intention of site selection credits is to prevent building on inappropriate sites and reduce the environmental impact from the building its self. There are six types of land that should be avoided (this includes buildings, roads, parking areas, hardscapes, etc). These include: Prime farmland as defined by the USDA code of Federal Regulations, title 7,
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Volume 6 Parts 400-699, Section 657.5, citation 7CFR657.5. Flood-prone areas, or areas that are undeveloped land sitting less than 5 feet above the 100-year flood plain, as defined by FEMA. Any habitat for threatened or endangered species. Wetlands as defined by the Federal Code of Regulations Undeveloped land within 50 feet of a body of water, as defined by the Clean Water Act. Land that was a public park, unless it is part of a property swap. Park projects are generally exempt.

Brownfield Redevelopment The idea behind this is to reuse damaged and contaminated sites to help cut pressure put on virgin land. A Brownfield is determined by an ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or is designated by a government agency. Other standards include the US EPA definition of a brownfield (available at www. epa.gov/brownfields), ASTM Standards E152705: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment and E1903-97: Phase II Environmental Site Assessment. Development Density and Community Connectivity The intent of this section is to use existing infrastructure, protect the environment and preserve existing natural habitats. Ideas on how to accomplish this include building or renovating existing buildings on a previously built site or build in a community with higher densities. For LEED purposes, minimum

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density requirement of 60,000 sf/net acre, based on a typical two-story downtown development, is considered a minimum density threshold for credit achievement. Other considerations include building within pedestrian walking distance to a residential area with a high-average density of 10 units/acre and each building must have pedestrian access between buildings and 10 basic services. These services can include: Banks Schools Laundry services Churches Libraries Parks Senior care facilities Post offices Pharmacies Restaurant Small grocery stores and supermarkets Day care centers Fire stations Fitness centers Museums Beauty salons Theaters Hardware Stores Community centers For LEED purposes, building within a 1/2 mile radius of a residential area with 10 units/ acre and pedestrian access to 10 basic services is considered satisfactory. Alternative Transportation Ideally, we'd all love to cut the amount of vehicle emissions released by our daily commute. This focus area concentrates on doing just that. Options for compliance with Alternative Transportation credits include:

Locating the project within close proximity of rail and bus stations (one half-mile and one quarter-mile, respectively). Providing showers and secure bicycle storage within 200 yards of an entrance for 5% of all building occupants (measured at peak periods) Providing preferred or discounted parking for 5% of the project's total parking capacity for low-emitting, fuel-efficient vehicles or car or van pools. Start a low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicle ride sharing program.
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Do not provide any new parking or limit total parking spaces. Standards for this credit category include the California Air Resources Board or the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy Vehicle Rating Guide. This guide rates vehicles based on emissions. The idea behind this focus area is to significantly reduce vehicle emissions impacts on the environment and support and promote shared vehicle use. Site Development The idea of building sustainability is centered around the notion of people and nature harmoniously living together. The intent of this focus area follows that thought: conserving and restoring natural habitats for the vegetation and animals near the project site. If building on a previously developed site, for LEED purposes, 50% of the total project site (minus the building footprint) OR 20% of the total site area must be landscaped using adapted or native vegetation. Earlier we mentioned brownfields-areas that have been deemed contaminated. Now we're talking about greenfields-areas that have never been touched. It is best to avoid disturbing a greenfield, though. See if there are any brownfields or previously developed sites that could serve as a project site instead. Acheiving this credit requires that all site disturbances stay within 40 feet of the building perimeter if building on a greenfield. As well, keep disturbances within 10 feet of any concrete or paved area, 15 feet of main roads, and 25 feet of uncovered ground if building on a greenfield. In either case, care needs to be taken to ensure there is enough open space on the project site.
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There are specific requirements for vegetated space on a project site, though they vary depending the rating system used. Stormwater Design A stormwater management plan should be created to help control water, reduce waterway pollution, reduce flooding, and a method needs to be determined for removing pollutants. Employ the use of Best Management Practices (BMP) to capture and treat stormwater. Data must meet or exceed the Technology Acceptance Reciprocity Partnership from the Washington State Department of Energy for BMP monitoring. Goals can be achieved by installing structural or non-structural measures, or a combination of both. Rain gardens, vegetated areas, pervious pavements, cisterns, ponds and rooftop gardens are all options when researching compliance methods for these credits. Heat Island Effect During the day, buildings and hardscapes absorb and retain heat from the sun. The heat island effect is the absorption of heat by dark surfaces, which then re-radiate heat into nearby areas. The goal of this credit is to help reduce the impact of heat islands on the surrounding environments. For compliance with this credit, use a combination of strategies on 50% of the hardscape of the project site to reduce the heat island effect. Hardscape includes roads, sidewalks, courtyards and parking lots. Shading nonroof hardscape areas is one option. Use new or existing trees (they must provide a canopy within five years), vegetated coverings or solar panels. Make sure devices or structures have a Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of at least

29. Any open grid paving systems must have at least 50% perviousness. Emmissivity is a material's tendency to absorb solar radiation and re-emit heat. Albedo is the material's ability to reflect heat and light. Solar Reflectance Index is the combination of the two. Your goal is to get low emmissivity and high albedo. For compliance with credits referring to roofrelated heat islands, it is possible to put solar panels on the roof or use higher SRI valued material. The slope of the roof can determine the threshold for SRI values. Roof Type Slope SRI Low-slope 2:12 78 Steep-slope 2:12 29 If the project plans won't allow you to install a vegetated roof over half of the surface area (as the credit may suggest), it is possible to use a combination of a partially vegetated roof, with the remaining part meeting SRI value requirements. The formula to figure out whether your roof is compliant with credit requirements is:

Roof Area Meeting SRI Requirement 0.75

Area of Vegetated Roof 0.5

Total Roof Area

Heat island effect credits refer to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Specific standards include: E408-71 (1996): Standard Methods for Total Normal Emittance of Surfaces Using Inspection-Meter Techniques C13171-04a: Standard Test Method for Determination of Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emissometers E903-96: Standard Test Method for Solar Absorbance, Reflectance and Transmittance of Materials Using Integrated Spheres E1918-97: Standard Test Method for Determination of Solar Reflectance Near Ambient Temperature Using a Portable Solar Reflectometer E1980-01: Standard Practice for Calculating Solar Reflectance Index of Horizontal and Low-Sloped Opaque Surfaces C1549-04: Standard Test Method for Determination of Solar Reflectance Near Ambient Temperature Using a Portable Solar Reflectometer Other resources include the US EPA Heat Island Effect, www. epa.gov/heatisland and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Heat Island Group, Cool Roofs, http://eetd.lb/gov/ HeatIsland/CoolRoofs.
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Light Pollution Reduction Light pollution is caused by leaving lights on unnecessarily, and can have harmful effects on the surrounding environment. The goal of Light Pollution Reduction credits is to reduce the amount of disruption caused by nonemergency lights. Managing the amount of light on the exterior of the building is important for compliance. Full cutoff light fixtures can help to avoid the tresspass of light, and avoid uplighting. Options for compliance with this credit include cutting non-emergency lighting going outside by 50% from 11 p.m.-5 a.m. or shielding all openings (windows and doors) to permit no more than 10% light transmission during the same hours. Only provide enough lighting for safety and comfort. The LEED system employs the help of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (the standard is ISNA RP-33) to determine four distinct light zones and create limits for light emitted from buildings. The levels are broken down into four zones: LZ1: Dark. This is the threshold for developed areas with national and state parks, forest land or rural areas. LZ2: Low. Primarily used for residential zones, neighborhood business districts and lighter industrial areas. LZ3: Medium. Building types in this zone include commercial, industrial and highdensity residential. LZ4: High. Major metropolitan areas and high-activity commercial districts fall into this zone.
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Other standards include: ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 International Dark-Sky Association

LZ1

LZ2

LZ3

LZ4

Water Efficiency
Another key topic in green and sustainable buildings is water use. It is important to monitor water consumption, and reduce consumption both indoors (particularly potable water), and out (with stormwater control and proper irrigation). Reducing water consumption can save energy and improve the well-being of the environment. In schools, water efficiency can be used as an educational tool. Classifications of water: Potable Water: AKA: Drinking Water. This exceeds EPA standards for drinking water and generally comes from municipal systems or wells. Graywater: This is untreated wastewater that has had no contact with toilet water. Often, it comes from bathtubs, showers, sinks, laundry machines and dishwashers. Blackwater: Toilet and urinal wastewater. Sometimes this includes kitchen sinks and showers. Process water: Comes from processes like cooling towers, boilers and chillers, as well as operational processes like dishwashing,
Flush Fixture Conventional Toilet High-efficiency toilet (HET), single flush Pressure-aided HET Dual-flush HET (full flush) Dual-flush HET (low flush) Foal flush HET Waterless toilet Standard urinal High-Efficiency urinal (HEU) Waterless urinal Flow Rate 1.6 gpf 1.28 gpf 1.0 gpf 1.6 gpf 1.1 gpf .05 gpf 0 gpf 1.0 gpf 0.5 gpf 0 gpf

clothes washing and ice making. Tertiary Treatment: The highest form of wastewater treatment, including the removal of organic solids and nutrients. Usually this includes biological/chemical polishing. Water Use Reduction Ideally, we'd love to reduce the amount of potable water we use for purposes other than drinking and bathing. These credits focus on the efficient use of water and help to cut the consumption of potable (drinkable) water. For compliance with water use reduction credits we should focus on the appliances and fixtures that use the most water. Toilets, urinals, bathroom faucets, showers, kitchen sink faucets, and pre-rinse spray valves are all included. Commercial or residential steam cookers, dishwashers, clothes washers or ice makers are not included. Below is a chart of the baseline water usage for each of these fixtures. Standards for Water Use Reduction are: The Energy Policy Act of 1992 The Energy Policy Act of 2005
Flow Fixtures Flow Rate Standard private bathroom faucet 2.2 gpm Standard publuc bathroom faucet .5 gpm or .25 gal./ cycle Standard kitchen sink 2.2 gpm Low-flow kitchen sink 1.8 gpm Standard shower 2.5 gpm Low-flow shoer 1.8 gpm

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The International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Publication IAPMO/American National Standards Institute UPC1-2006, Uniform Plumbing Code 2006, Section 402.0, Water Conserving Fixtures and Fittings, www.iapmo.org International Code Council, International Plumbing Code 2006, Section 603, Design of Building Water Distribution System, www.iccsafe.org Water Efficient Landscaping Fresh potable water is becoming an increasingly rare resource. It's in our best interest to conserve potable water in every possible way, and by using efficient landscaping techniques, we can hang onto it all a little longer. Making sure the landscaping around your building is water efficient is a good way to start. Options for cutting landscaping water usage and using it efficiently are: Captured rainwater Recycled wastewater Using plant species, density and microclimate factors to create an efficient system Imported graywater from a public agency Groundwater seepage (if it does not impact stormwater management systems) Efficient irrigation systems Micro-irrigation Moisture sensors Rain shut-offs Evapotranspiration Controllers Drip irrigation

The best option, however, is to cut potable water use for irrigation altogether. Try to use only captured or recycled rainwater from on-site or imported sources, or do not use permanent irrigation systems at all. Under the LEED program, irrigation systems (if temporary) must be removed within one year. Innovative Wastewater Technologies Not only do we want to reduce the amount of potable water we use, we'd also like to increase local water supplies while reducing wastewater. Cut potable water used for the removal of solid and liquid waste by at least 50% using fixtures and graywater for compliance with some credits. Alternatively, treat 50% of wastewater to official tertiary standards. Use the water (maybe for cooling?), or allow it to percolate into the ground.

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Energy and Atmosphere


The Energy and Atmosphere credits are put into place to help reduce the amount of energy used and pollutants released into the atmosphere. This section focuses on managing energy in a sustainable manner, tracking the performance of the buildings' energy use and emmissions, and utilizing renewable energy. Commissioning of Building Energy Systems When the building is complete, it's wise to make sure that all of its parts actually function. Nothing is worse than tenants adjusting to a new building and having the sewer system back up. It creates somewhat of a stinky situation, if you catch my drift. Commissioning is basically making sure everything works. Confirm that all energyrelated systems are functioning at their required efficiency levels, which should: Cut energy use Lower operating costs Improve occupant productivity Supply better building documentation Reduce contractor callbacks For information on the commissioning process, pay attention to the Building Commssioning Association at www.bcxa.org/ resources/index.htm Tasks regarding the commissioning process include: Designating a Commissioining Authority with experience on two prior commissioning projects Document Owner's Project Requirements Develop the basis of design Incorporate commissioning requirements into the construction documents Conduct commissioning design review prior to mid-construction documents Develop and implement a commissioning plan Review contractor submittals that are applicable to systems being commissioned Verify the installation and performance of commissioned systems Develop a systems manual for the commissioned systems Verify that the requirements for training are completed Complete a summary commissioning report Review building operation within 10 months after substantial completion Enhanced commissioning involves starting the commissioning process early and perform more tasks once systems performance is verified. The tasks specific to enhanced commissioning are listed in italic. Energy Performance Understanding the amount of energy your building uses is an important part of ensuring its efficiency. The goal of the Energy Performance credits in LEED is to set the
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minimum levels for efficiency. Options for compliance with these credits include a whole building energy simulation, or following a prescriptive compliance path (PCP). Option 1: Whole Building Energy Simulation using the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.12007 G2.5. This option isn't available for healthcare, labaratory or warehouse projects. California projects can use Title 24-2005, Part 6 in place of the ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007 Standard. Process energy includes office and general equipment, computers, elevators and escalators, kitchen cooking and refrigeration equipment, laundry, non-exempt lighting and other miscellaneous items. Non-process energy includes interior and exterior lighting for the entire project site, including parking and grounds, HVAC and service water heating. Process loads must be identical for both the baseline building and proposed building performance rating. Option 2: ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide. Meet the climate-appropriate ASHRAE requirements. The compliance path to follow will depend on your project. There are four different paths under the Advanced Energy Design guides from ASHRAE. Path 1: ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings 2004. These buildings must be smaller than 20,000 square feet and be occupied by offices
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Path 2: ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Retail Buildings 2006. Thes buildings must be smaller than 20,000 square feet and be occupied by retail shops and stores. Path 3: ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Warehouses and Self Storage Buildings 2008. These buildings must be smaller than 50,000 square feet and be occupied with small warehouses and self storage facilities. Other standards for Minimum Energy Performance include the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School buildings and the New Building Institute Core Performance Guide. A third option is available, completing a Prescriptive Compliance Path under the Advanced Buidings Core Performance Guide. This option is available for buildings that are smaller than 100,000 square feet and meet Section 1: Design Process Strategies and Section 2: Core Performance requirements. This standard is required for office, school, public assembly and retail projects using this option. Refrigerant Management So, your energy systems are in check. Now it's time to reduce the emissions that are being distributed into the atmosphere. The goal of Refrigerant Management credits is to reduce ozone depletion and global warming potential that result from common refrigerant emissions. Eliminating refrigeration or using natural refrigerants is the most effective way to reduce these impacts but these methods are not always feasible.

To reduce ozone depletion, eliminate the use of all Cloroflourocarbons (CFCs) in building HVAC&R systems and eliminate all CFCs, Hydrocloroflourocarbons (HCFCs) and Halons in fire suppression systems. If total elimination is not feasible, complete a total phase-out of CFCs before completion of the project if using existing systems. If it is not feasible to completely replace systems, then the annual leakage rate must be reduced to 5% or less using EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608 procedures. To minimize global warming potential reduce the use of Hydroflourocarbons (HFCs) and CFCs. Below is a table of common refrigerants including their 100-year ozone depletion potential (ODP) and their global warming potential (GWP) as well as some common building applications.
Cloroflourocarbons (CFCs) CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC-114 CFC-500 CFC-502 Hydrochloroflourocarbons (HCFCs) HCFC-22 HCFC-123 Hydroflourocarbons (HFCs) HFC-23 HFC-134a HFC-245fa HFC-404A HFC-407c HFC-410A HFC-507A Natural Refrigerants Carbon dioxide (CO2) Ammonia (NH3) Propane ODP 1.0 1.0 0.94 0.605 0.221 ODP 0.04 0.02 ODP ~0 ~0 ~0 ~0 ~0 ~0 ~0 ODP 0 0 0 GWP 4,680 10,720 9,800 7,900 4,600 GWP 1,780 76 GWP 12,240 1,320 1,020 3,900 1,700 1,890 3,900 GWP 1.0 0 3 Common Applications Centrifugal chillers Refrigerators and chillers Centrifugal chillers Centrifugal chillers and humidifiers Low-temperature refrigeration Common Applications Air-conditioning and chillers CFC-11 replacement Common Applications Ultra-low-temperature refrigeration CFC-12 or HCFC-22 replacement Insulation agent and centrifugal chillers Low-temperature refrigeration HCFC-22 replacement Air conditioning Low-temperature refrigeration Common Applications


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On-site Renewable Energy Reducing the impact of your building on local energy suppliers is a major part of reducing the environmental footprint of a building. Having the ability to create energy on-site can play a major role in making that happen. The On-site Renewable Energy credits encourage the use of renewable resources. Renewable sources include: Photovoltaic (solar panels) Wind Solar thermal Biofuels (untreated wood waste, agricultural crops or waste, animal and organic waste, and landfill gas) Geothermal heating and/or electric (excluding vapor compression for heat transfer) Low-impact hydro Wave and tidal power Standards for this credit include the ANSI/ ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Lowrise Residential, www.ashrae.org Measurement and Verification To verify the energy use of your building, put into place a measurement and verification (M&V) plan confirming the requirements of the International Performance Measure & Verification Protocol (IPMVP) Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April, 2003: Option D or Option B. The plan must cover at least one year after the building is occupied, and a method must be determined for correcting any problems if expected energy savings are not being realized. Green Power While some of the credits deal with using renewable energy that's created on-site, others
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refer to using green power. The idea behind green power credits is to use renewable, nonpolluting energy sources on the open power grid. Options for compliance with this credit include determining your baseline annual energy use using the annual electricity consumption results from a whole-building energy simulation or determining the estimated electricity use through the US Department of Energy's Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey database. Based on the baseline annual energy use, a portion of the annual needs can be supplied by renewable sources, as defined by the Center for Resource Solutions' Green-e Energy product certification requirements. The LEED threshold for credit compliance is typically a 2-year contract for a designated percentage of total annyual electicity needs. Options for compliance include: Green-e Certified power provider (open electricity markets) Green-e Accredited utility program (closed energy markets) Green-e Accredited renewable energy certificates (RECs) Standards for this credit include the Center for Resource Solutions, Green-e Product Certification Requirements, www.green-e.org.

Materials and Resources


When designing the building, choose materials that are in line with sustainable building standards and will help to compliment your green building. It is also important to remember that the materials brought into the project site-whether during construction or occupancy-must be disposed of properly. Waste reduction techniques include reducing waste at its source. Having a plan in place to deal with this waste is a major step in operating sustainably. Also, reuse and recycle as much as possible. Storage and Collection of Recyclables Reduce the amount of waste taken to landfills by sorting and recycling properly. Setting up recycling areas for occupants can help encourage them to dispose of waste properly. While no size is required for recycling areas, suggested sizes range from 82 square feet for commercial buildings up to 5,000 square feet to 500 square feet set aside for recycling in buildings with more than 200,000 square feet. These are just guidelines, however recycling areas should be appropriate for occupants' needs. Under this section, it is required for some materials to be recycled. These materials include: Paper Corrugated cardboard Glass Plastic Metal Consider a centralized area for recycling receptacles to help meet occupants' needs while also allowing access for staff and
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collection vehicles. If utilizing an area for the collection of recyclables outside the project boundary, detail how materials will get there. Other tips to encourage recycling include: Signage to encourage recycling and discourage dumping Protecting containers from weather Security for high-value materials Utilize cardboard balers, can crushers, recycling chutes and other technologies Building Reuse When creating a green building, one must be a bit creative in the methods and materials that are used. Not only is it ideal to recycle any waste that comes from the occupants, it's smart to reuse any materials left from demolition or construction. The idea behind Building Reuse credits is to reuse the building structure. Retaining non-structural items from a building is secondary, but points are still available. When reusing a building structure, maintain the floor decking and envelope areas. Be sure to exclude any hazardous materials. Nonstructural elements can be reused (finished ceilings, floor areas, nonstructural walls, and exterior structural walls, interior doors and casework). At least 50% should be reused if you plan to achieve this credit.

Construction Waste Management Be conscious of materials and make a solid effort in removing construction and demolition materials from the waste stream and try to recycle or recover as much as possible. Other options for managing waste include donating anything left over or reusing it elsewhere on-site. When planning construction waste policies, create a plan that addresses any hazardous materials.

Materials Reuse Similarly to Building Reuse credits, points are given to project teams who express a bit of creativity in their projects. Reused materials are components that were previously installed on the project site, and can no longer perform the same function. The Materials Reuse credits helps to reduce the demand for new items. This credit excludes fixtures and non-permanent items such as mechanical and electrical systems, plumbing, appliances and specialty items, like elevators. Furniture can be included, but only if it is included in calculations for all MR credits.

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Recycled Content Use materials that are created from recycled content-certain thresholds of post-consumer and pre-consumer content in materials will allow for more points to be obtained. The point is to increase demand for building products made from recycled materials. This helps to reduce the demand on virgin materials (which require extraction and processing). For example, in Building Design and Construction, the sum of the post-consumer content and 1/2 of the pre-consumer content must equal at least 10% recycled material (in individual rating systems, extra points are available for using recycled content above and beyond this limit). Again, fixtures, mechanical, electrical and plumbing components may not be included in these calculations. Only include materials that are permanently installed in a project. Regional Materials We learned earlier that making an effort to control the materials brought into the site can be beneficial in reducing waste. Using materials that come from local sources can be beneficial to the environment, too, by reducing transportation resources. Regional Material credits can be obtained by using materials harvested, recovered and/or manufactured within 500 miles of the project site. If only part of a material is local, calculate the amount applicable to the credit by weight. Exemplary performance points are available but vary by rating system. Rapidly Renewable Materials Using materials that can regenerate quickly is another key in reducing environmental
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impacts that stem from building construction. Reduce dependence on raw materials that are not renewable within a 10-year cycle and replace them with rapidly renewable products. Some examples of rapidly renewable materials include: Cork Bamboo Natural Rubber Wheat Cotton Straw Linseed (linoleum) Certified Wood Responsible and sustainable forestry practices are important when taking the Earth into consideration our building plans. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) oversees forest management operations and certifies wood as sustainable and ethically harvested. For compliance with this credit, purchase at least 50% FSC-certified wood and/or paper products, relative to total wood and/or paper cost. Components that should be created with FSC-certified wood are: Structural framing General dimension framing Flooring Sub-flooring Wood doors Finishes The Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance Rating System requires a sustainable purchasing policy, which includes paper products. The standard for this credit is the Forest Stewardship Council's Principles and Criteria, available at www.fscus.org.
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Default Material Cost CSI Divisions 2-10 define which types of materials qualify as being re-used, having recycled content, being regional, and being rapidly renewable. CSI Divisions 2-10 include materials like concrete, masonry, metals, wood, plastics, composites, thermal and moisture protection, doors, windows, finishes, and other specialties. Division 12 (Furniture) can also be included if it is used consistently throughout the Materials & Resources calculations. Quantifying the portion of these materials that have these qualifications is based on the proportion of that material relative to the total material cost for materials that fall within the CSI divisions being counted. The total material cost can be derived from actual cost of the materials in those divisions or by using the default material cost method. The default material cost equals 45% of the total construction cost estimate for the CSI divisions being counted. Once the actual or default material cost is derived, the proportions of qualifying materials can be quantified.

Indoor Environmental Quality


Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) credits were created to ensure we're going about our day-to-day business in a healthy, happy habitat. This section focuses on improving ventilation, and managing air contaminants while utilizing less harmful materials, allowing occupants control settings (like lighting and temperature), and providing proper daylight and views. The IEQ section is unique in that it has nothing to do with the environment (though it's the only section with 'environment' in the name), only with the health and comfort of occupants. Often, IEQ credits will work against Energy and Atmosphere credits. When planning credits to attempt, remember to keep this in mind. Indoor Air Quality Performance Because we spend so much of our time indoors, it's important to make sure the air quality levels are acceptable for occupants. Mechanical ventilation systems should be designed using ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, sections 4-7. If using natural ventilation in the space, the standard is ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Section 5.1. Building upon the last section, going beyond the minimum in terms of air quality can be beneficial to building occupants and allow for more productivity. Mechanically ventilated systems should exceed breathing zone ventilation rates by a minimum of 30% over the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007. Naturally ventilated spaces should follow system requirements in the Carbon Trust

"Good Practice Guide 237" (1998). In addition, choose one of the following options: Prove the natural ventilation system meets the CIBSE Applications Manual 10:2005, Natural Ventilation in Non-Domestic Buildings recommendations Use a computer model to predict that natural ventilation will provide proper room-byroom airflow rates for 90% of the occupied spaces. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control The goal of this prerequisite is to prevent or eliminate building occupants' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). There are several options for limiting exposure to tobacco smoke. Perhaps the easiest option is to prohibit smoking inside the building. As well, prohibit smoking within 25 feet of any opening into the building. Be sure to post signs to designated smoking areas and prohibit smoking in common areas. Prohibit smoking to specific areas, at least 25 feet from any building entrance and pro37

vide smoking rooms indoors that contain, capture and exhaust ETS from the building. Compliance with this option requires creating negative air pressure in the rooms with an average differential of 5 Pa and a minimum 1 PA when doors are shut. Verify the performance of these rooms by simulating worst-case air transport conditions. Measurements must be taken for 15 minutes, with at least one measurement taken every 10 seconds. If allowing smoking inside the building, standards include the ANSI/ASTM E77903, Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization and the Residential Manual for Compliance with California's 2001 Energy Efficiency Standards, Chapter 4. Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring It's important to monitor the ventilation systems to ensure occupant health and comfort. Try installing permanent monitors that signal alarms when CO2 is detected, or when airflow

levels vary more than 10% from design values. For mechanically ventilated spaces, place CO2 monitors 3-6 feet above the floor in spaces with 25 or more people per 1,000 square feet. Naturally ventilated spaces should have CO2 monitors installed, regardless of the number of people per space. The standard for this credit is ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007: Verification for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, www.ashrae.org Indoor Air Quality Management Plans During Construction If your project is occupied during construction, be mindful of those who are working inside. The goal of air quality management plans is to reduce indoor air quality problems caused by construction and can help ensure a smoother construction process. Create and use an IAQ management plan for the construction and pre-occupancy phases of a building. Refer to the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association

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(SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2nd Edition, ANSI/SMACNA 008-2008 (Chapter 3). Be sure to protect materials from moisture damage and use MERV 8 (referenced by ASHRAE 52.2-1999) filters in each air return grille. Replace filters after construction is complete. Before Occupancy After construction is complete, air quality systems must be tested or flushed out. Flushing out a system essentially means preparing it for use during occupancy and making sure it functions properly. Replace all air filters and flush out the building with 14,000 cubic feet of outside air per square foot. Internal temperatures should be kept at 60, and humidity below 60%. Alternately, deliver at least 3,500 cubic feet of outside area per square foot before occupancy. In addition to this, continue to flush out the building during occupancy at .30 CFM/sq. ft or a design air rate minimum, whichever is greater. Continue until 14,000 cubic square feet of air has been delivered. A second option is to follow the EPA Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air testing procedures. While testing, be sure to note the following contaminants and be sure their acceptable levels are not exceeded. Formaldehyde Particulates (PM10) Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) 4-Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH)* Carbon monoxide (CO)

Low-Emitting Materials Reducing the presence of harmful and irritating chemicals in your building is important in assuring occupant's safety and comfort. When choosing materials for your project, focus on materials with low volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions. Flooring, adhesives, sealants, and sprays should all be checked for VOC content. Adhesives and Sealant Standards Standards include the SCAQMD rule 1168, and the Green Seal GS-36 Standard for Commercial Adhesives Requirements.Sealants and adhesives need to be non-toxic, do the paints used in your building. Paints & Coatings Standards Interior paints cannot exceed the Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, 1993 limits. Anti-corrosion and rust paints cannot exceed limits set by the Green Seal Standard GC-03, Anti-Corrosive paints, 2nd Edition, Jan. 7, 1997. Other references include SCAQMD Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings. The LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition, contains information regarding specific limits for VOCs in different coatings and paints as well as adhesives & sealants.

* Required only if carpets and fabrics with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex backing are installed as part of the base building systems.

27 parts per billion 50 micrograms per cubic meter 500 micrograms per cubic meter 6.5 micrograms per cubic meter 9 parts per million and no greater than 2 parts per million above outdoor levels

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Flooring So, we've got healthy sealants and paints, but why bother if your flooring is unhealthy? The point of Low-Emitting Materials credits is to make sure every aspect of the building is relatively harmless to occupants. There are specific guidelines for flooring options, and they are as follows: All carpeting, pads and cushions must meet Green Label Plus standards set forth by the Carpet and Rug Institute. Adhesives for carpeting must conform to VOC limits for adhesives and sealants. All hard surface flooring must meet the Floorscore standards for vinyl, linoleum, laminate, wood flooring, ceramic flooring, rubber, cement and wallbase. This must be verified by a third party. Alternatively, all non-carpet finished flooring can be Floorscore Certified. This must be used on a minimum of 25% of the finished floor area, excluding elevator service rooms and other areas. Concrete, wood, bamboo and cork flooring must meet SCAQMD Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings. Tile adhesives and grout must meet SCAQMD Rule 1168 Standards. If those requirements are not met, a second option is available to have all flooring meet the standards of the California Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers.
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Composite Wood and Agrifiber Wood and agrifiber products should not include urea-formaldehyde resins. This substance should not be used anywhere on-site, in any process. The standard to refer to for information is the California Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers. Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control Minimizing occupants' contact with potentially harmful or hazardous chemicals and pollutants is key in providing a happy, healthy and safe environment. Control the amount of air contaminants by: Using permanent entry systems that can be cleaned. They must extend at least 10 feet outside the building and placed at high-traffic entryways. A system of grates with a gap underneath or mats may be used. Use exhaust systems to create negative pressure in areas with potential sources of pollution. Utilize self-closing doors and deck-to-deck partitions or a hard-lid ceiling. Examples of these areas may be a copy or printing room, or a place where chemicals are kept. Exhaust systems must be at least .5 cfm/ sq ft, and the pressure difference with surrounding spaces must average at least 5 Pa or .02 inches of water gauge with a minimum 1 Pa then the doors are shut. Air can not be recirculated in these rooms. In regularly occupied spaces, install new air filters that have a MERV rating of 13 or more for both incoming and outgoing air. These filters should be installed just before occupancy.

Provide sealed temporary storage for hazardous wastes, ideally outside. Devise a plan to dispose of this waste properly. Refer to standard ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2-1999: Method of Testing General Ventilation AirCleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size, www.ashrae.org. Controllability of Systems Lighting There are many factors that influence the amount of light needed for proper productivity. Needs can vary depending on time of day, by the tasks being done, and even by the weather outside. Allowing occupants to adjust the lighting to suit their needs is beneficial to them, as well as the building as a whole. If less light is necessary it can save energy. Lighting controllability in Building Design and Construction credits require at least 90% of building occupants to have the ability to adjust their lighting. Controls should also be available for common areas and shared spaces. Other rating systems' requirements may vary. Thermal Comfort Provide temperature controls for at least 50% of building occupants to ensure thermal comfort. Operable windows can be used for people within 20 feet of the window inside the building.

Windows and temperature control systems must meet ASHRAE Standards 62.12007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and 5-2004, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. Other standards that should be referenced for this category include ASHRAE 55-2007 for thermal comfort. Once systems are in place, conduct an anonymous thermal comfort survey of all occupants between 6 and 18 months after occupancy. Correct any problems if 20% or more of the occupants have problems with thermal comfort. Under the New Construction rating system, a permanent monitoring system may be used to ensure the building meets determined comfort standards.

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Daylighting and Views As mentioned earlier, we spend most of our time indoors. It is important to be able to connect with nature and the outside. Daylighting is the area inside the building where daylight can reach, and is compliant with daylighting requirements. Daylighting is required for all regularly occupied spaces. A. Use a computer simulation to prove that at least 75% of the interior space achieves 25500 footcandles of daylight under clear sky conditions (9 am-3 pm) on September 21. B. Achieve a daylight zone value between .150 and .180 for the product of visible transmittance and window-to-floor area ratio. C. Measure indoor daylight illumination levels of at least 25 footcandles in at least 75% of regularly occupied spaces. Measurements should be taken using a 10foot grid for all open spaces. Finally, a combination of options 1, 2, and 3 could be used to prove the sufficient threshold has been met. Use vision glazing 30-90 inches on the wall from the floor to allow for 90% of the people to see

outside. There must be direct lines of sight 42 inches high outdoors. Refer to the Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics (ASTM D1003-07e1) for more information. The Whole Building Design Guide, Daylighting may prove helpful as well. It is available at: www.wddg.org/resources/daylighting.php. Acoustical Performance Under the Schools Rating System, points are given to project teams who provide classrooms with effective acoustical design. For compliance with this section, noise from outside the classroom must be reduced. As well, learning space partitions must meet the specifications details in the ANSI Standard S12.60-2002, Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design requirements and Guidelines for Schools, and ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47, Sound and Vibration Control, 2003 HVAC Applications. Mold Prevention Mold is never a good thing, especially in schools. The goal of this section is to reduce the amount of mold in schools and prevent it from growing. For compliance with this, project teams must achieve three other credits and provide HVAC systems that help control humidity. Refer to Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers, EPA Reference Number 402-F-91-102, effective December 1991.

An example of a natural ventilation system


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Bonus Points: Innovation in Design, Exemplary Performance, LEED AP and Regional Priority
During the Integrated Design Process (or EcoCharette) the team determines which credits theyd like to achieve, and which are obtainable. It gives you a good idea of which certification level will be obtained upon project completion, but what if youre aiming for a little more? It is possible to stretch the obtainable credits and acquire more points through Innovation in Design and Regional Priority credits. Those few points could mean the difference between silver and gold, or gold and platinum, for example. Innovation in Design (ID) credits are available to project teams in three ways. First, project teams who employ sustainable building processes and methods that are not captured by existing LEED credits can obtain points if their processes or methods demonstrate a quantitative environmental improvement that can be reproduced on other projects. Second, project teams that exceed determined exemplary threshold requirements for specific credits can earn points in this category. The details for these are outlined in the reference guides for specific rating systems, and should be documented under Innovation in Design/ Operation when filling out paperwork on LEED-Online. Certification Level Points
Certified Silver Gold Platinum 40+ 50+ 70+ 80+

When attempting an ID credit through an innovative process or through exemplary performance the following information is needed as part of the application submittal documentation: ID Credit Title Narrative Statement of Credit Intent Narrative Statement describing Credit Requirements Narrative describing Projects Approach to the Credit Credit-specific Supporting Documentation Third, project teams can earn one ID point by taking advantage of the LEED AP credit. This credit is obtained by having a LEED AP on the project team. Its extra credit just for showing up for class! Earning the credit is as simple as including the LEED AP name, certificate, role and company name with the application submittal documentation. Regional Priority (RP) credits are easily obtainable credits that allow for up to four bonus points. Its like extra credit for going to an event on campus. Bonus points just for making the effort! For each project, based on the zip code, six existing credits are available for RP points. You essentially receive an additional bonus point for each of the designated credits that are achieved up to a maximum of four points out of the six credits designated. Information regarding RP credits according to zip code is available on the USGBC website.

The maximum number of points for most rating system is 100, with an extra 10 points available for exemplary performance for a total of 110.
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Minimum Program Requirements


Each individual LEED rating system has its own specific prerequisites which must be completed and fully documented in order to achieve certification. These prerequisites are located at the beginning of each section of the Rating System (i.e. SSp1 would refer to the 1st prerequisite in the Sustainable Sites section). In addition to these prerequisites, the LEED 2009 updates include a set of eight (8) Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) which apply to all LEED Rating Systems. Projects seeking LEED certification must also be in compliance with all of these MPRs. The MPRs are as follows:

Each project must comply with all local, state and federal environmental laws at the building site, including regulations regarding hazardous materials, water discharge and waste management. This applies to existing laws and laws enacted between the start of the performance period and expiration for Existing Buildings: Operations and Mantenance (i.e., 5 years).

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A project is defined as the entire scope of the LEED project boundary. Everything within the project boundary site must be included in the LEED documentation. This includes any structures, parking and landscaping. Projects must be permanentany structures created with the intent to relocate will not qualify.

LEED project boundaries include, at a minimum, all land disturbed for initial construction, additions or remodels. The majority of projects are expected to be contiguous parcels; some non-contiguous parcels may quality under very limited conditions.

LEED projects with 1 or more Full Time Equivalent (FTE) occupant are fully eligible for LEED credits, but optional IEQ credits are eliminated as options for projects with a <1 FTE. The minimum floor area is 1,000 gross square feet of an indoor, enclosed floor area.

The USGBC must have access to the entire buildings energy and water usage data. This information, which must be continued despite changes in ownership, is used for research purposes. Access needs to be granted within a year of LEED certification and non-metered components of projects are exempt.

The projects total gross floor area must be at least 2% of the LEED project sites area. However, the LEED project site area is not required to cover the entire building site.

5
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Registration and certification application activity must take place within four years of initial application. As well, certification application sunset dates will occur 6 years after the close of a rating system, and projects can upgrade to the new rating system if they are closed due to sunset. For Existing Building: Operation and Maintenance, the building must be recertified every five years or sooner.

Projects must be fully occupied for at least one year before applying for certification, with up to 25% vacant tenant space permitted. Buildings with mixed uses or under certain rating systems may have different requirements. Recertification applications must cover the time between the first and current applications. Data for a minimum of three months is also required
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when applying later for new LEED credits. At least 74% of floor areas must be occupied fulltime to meet Full Time Equivalent (FTE) Requirements. Drops in occupancy require a description of circumstance for clarification. Low occupancy must be temporary. Note: This MPR only applies to the Existing Building: Operations and Maintenance Rating System.

xam LEED E 4 p.m.

Remember to arrive early. The check-in process for the exam could take a while. Also, you want to make sure you arent stuck in traffic and can find the location. Skip questions. It's better to skip a question than to spend all your time trying to figure out the answer. Remember your I.D. The name on the I.D. must match the name that is registered with the GBCI. If they dont match, there will be no test!

Do:

Rush through it. The test is long-100 questions in 2 hours. Take enough time to respond to the questions so you feel secure with your answer, but dont take too much time. If you cant get something, skip it and return later if time permits. Bring anything other than yourself. Cell phones, papers, wallets, pens and pencils are not allowed inside the testing center.

Dont:

The exam is pass/fail with a scaled score of 170. Minimum passing score is 120, while the maximum is 200 points. Scoring is immediate, though it takes 24-48 hours for the results to reach the GBCI. If you fail, youll have to wait until the GBCI recognizes your score before re-registering.
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Synergistic Opportunities and the LEED Process


So youve signed on to a project as the LEED AP in charge. Its become your job to oversee the entire LEED process and make sure things go according to plan. It is a given that there will be hiccups along the way, but well get there later. Whats the fist step? Ideally, your first step should be to take a look at a LEED Scorecard. Often, the LEED Scorecard is constructed during the Integrated Design Process (also known as an Eco-Charette). A meeting is held with the entire LEED team. This meeting should determine site plans and conditions, information about the design requirements, local ordinances, building codes, stormwater treatment requirements, open space and parking requirements, among other topics. This meeting is really designed to get everybody on the same page. An important process when working with a team! The scorecard is created to determine which credits a project will try to achieve, which might be attempted, and which are unrealistic and unobtainable. It is important for key players to give their input to this scorecard. Employ the help of the architect, owner, civil engineer and anybody else who may play a key part in the design and construction of the building. On the following pages youll find an example scorecard for a LEED for Building Design and Construction project under the LEED for New Construction Rating System, version 3. Other rating systems scorecards will vary depending on the rating system.

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Project Name: Project Location: Yes 21 Y 1 5 6 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1


Yes

LEED 2009 for New Construction & Major Renovation

? 4

No 1

SUSTAINABLE SITES Prereq 1 Credit 1 Credit 2 Credit 3 Credit 4.1 Credit 4.2 Credit 4.3 Credit 4.4 Credit 5.1 Credit 5.2 Credit 6.1 Credit 6.2 Credit 7.1 Credit 7.2 Credit 8

26 Points Resp Party

1
? No

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Required Civil Site Selection 1 LEED PM Development Density and Community Connectivity 5 LEED PM Brownfield Redevelopment (Regional Priority) 1 Alternative Transportation - Public Transportation Access 6 LEED PM Alternative Transportation - Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms 1 Architect Alternative Transportation - Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Ve3 Architect hicles Alternative Transportation - Parking Capacity (Regional Priority) 2 Architect Civil/LandSite Development - Protect or Restore Habitat 1 scape Civil/LandSite Development - Maximize Open Space 1 scape Stormwater Design - Quantity Control (Regional Priority) 1 Civil Stormwater Design - Quality Control 1 Civil Heat Island Effect - Nonroof 1 Civil Heat Island Effect - Roof 1 Architect Light Pollution Reduction 1 Electrical 10 Points Resp Party Required LEED PM 2 to 4 Landscape 2 4 2 2 to 4 LEED PM 2 3 4
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6 Y 2

WATER EFFICIENCY Prereq 1 Credit 1 Water Use Reduction Water Efficient Landscaping 2 Reduce by 50% No Potable Water Use or Irrigation Innovative Wastewater Technologies Water Use Reduction Reduce by 30% (Regional Priority) Reduce by 35% Reduce by 40%

Credit 2 Credit 3

Yes

No

11 Y Y Y 7

10

14

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE Prereq 1 Prereq 2 Prereq 3 Credit 1 Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems Minimum Energy Performance Fundamental Refrigerant Management Optimize Energy Performance
Improve by 12% for New Buildings or 8% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 14% for New Buildings or 10% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 16% for New Buildings or 12% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 18% for New Buildings or 14% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 20% for New Buildings or 16% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 22% for New Buildings or 18% for Existing Building Renovations

35 Points Resp Party Required CxA Required Mechanical Required Mechanical 1 to 19 Mechanical 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1 to 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 2 3 2 CxA Mechanical Owner Owner Mechanical/ Owner

Improve by 24% for New Buildings or 20% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 26% for New Buildings or 22% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 28% for New Buildings or 24% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 30% for New Buildings or 26% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 32% for New Buildings or 28% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 34% for New Buildings or 30% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 36% for New Buildings or 32% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 38% for New Buildings or 34% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 40% for New Buildings or 36% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 42% for New Buildings or 38% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 44% for New Buildings or 40% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 46% for New Buildings or 42% for Existing Building Renovations Improve by 48%+ for New Buildings or 44%+ for Existing Building Renovations

Credit 2

On-Site Renewable Energy 1% Renewable Energy (Regional Priority) 2 3% Renewable Energy 5% Renewable Energy 7% Renewable Energy 9% Renewable Energy 11% Renewable Energy 13% Renewable Energy

2 2 3 2
Yes ? No

Credit 3 Credit 4 Credit 5 Credit 6

Enhanced Commissioning Enhanced Refrigerant Management Measurement and Verification Green Power

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5 Y

MATERIALS & RESOURCES


Prereq 1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Reuse 55% Reuse 75% Reuse 95%

14 Points Resp Party


Required 1 to 3 1 2 3 1 1 to 2 1 2 1 to 2 1 2 1 to 2 1 2 1 to 2 1 2 1 1 GC GC GC GC Owner

Credit 1.1 Building Reuse - Maintain Existing Walls, Floors and Roof

1 2

Credit 1.2 Building Reuse - Maintain Interior Nonstructural Elements Credit 2 Construction Waste Management 50% Recycled or Salvaged 2 75% Recycled or Salvaged Reuse 5% Reuse 10%

Credit 3

Materials Reuse

Credit 4

Recycled Content 1 10% of Content 20% of Content

Credit 5

Regional Materials 1 10% of Materials 20% of Materials

1 1
Yes ? No

Credit 6 Credit 7

Rapidly Renewable Materials Certified Wood

13 Y Y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY


Prereq 1 Prereq 2 Credit 1 Credit 2 Credit 3.1 Credit 3.2 Credit 4.1 Credit 4.2 Credit 4.3 Credit 4.4 Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring Increased Ventilation Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan - During Construction Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan - Before Occupancy Low-Emitting Materials - Adhesives and Sealants Low-Emitting Materials - Paints and Coatings Low-Emitting Materials - Flooring Systems Low-Emitting Materials - Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control Controllability of Systems - Lighting

15 points Resp Party


Required Required 1 1 1 1 Mechanical Owner Mechanical Mechanical GC GC

1 Architect/GC 1 Architect/GC 1 Architect/GC 1 Architect/GC 1 1 Architect Electrical

1 1

Credit 5 Credit 6.1

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1 1 1 1 1
Yes ? No

Credit 6.2 Credit 7.1 Credit 7.2 Credit 8.1 Credit 8.2

Controllability of Systems - Thermal Comfort Thermal Comfort - Design Thermal Comfort - Verification Daylight and Views - Daylight Daylight and Views - Views

1 1 1 1 1

Mechanical Mechanical Owner LEED PM LEED PM

6 5

INNOVATION IN DESIGN
Credit 1 Innovation in Design 1 1 1 1 1 Structural Innovation Green Cleaning Green Education Integrated Pest Management Exemplary Performance - Water Use Reduction - 50%

6 Points Resp Party


1 to 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 Structural Owner Owner Owner LEED PM LEED PM

1
Yes ? No

Credit 2 0 0

LEED Accredited Professional

4 4

REGIONAL PRIORITY
Credit 1 Regional Priority 1 1 1 1 Alternative Transportation - Parking Capacity Stormwater Design - Quantity Control Water Use Reduction - Reduce by 30% Regional Materials - 10% of Materials

4 Points Resp Party


1 to 4 1 1 1 1 Architect Civil LEED PM GC

Yes

No

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20

24 PROJECT TOTALS (Certification Estimates)


Certified: 40-49 points Silver: 50-59 points Gold: 60-79 points Platinum: 80+ points

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Points

As you can see, the project team decided to go for gold. While the certification level may change throughout the design and construction phases, this is a very good start and gives the team a good understanding of the actions and deliverables each party is responsible for. Specifically, the design team members should familiarize themselves with credit requirements and what documentation will be required to submit for each credit using LEED-Online. Access to LEED-Online is obtained once the project is registered. Now we'll take a look at project registration.
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Project Registration
Okay, so everybodys on the same page. They know what they want and how theyre going to get it. Your next step is to let the USGBC into the loop and to acquire some tools from them. How? Register your project. Its best to do this in the very early stages of the project. Registration will allow members of the design team to join and gain access to LEEDOnline, which contains project information such as credit templates. Pieces of necessary software, credit interpretation requests, and important documents are all located on LEED-Online. The initial cost for registration is $450 for USGBC members, and $600 for non-members. The following is the basic information needed to register a project with the USGBC: Project Title Address City State Country County Zip Code Anticipated Construction Start Date Anticipated Construction End Date LEED Rating System Number of LEED projects in application Gross Project Square Footage Is Project Confidential? (Y/N) Would you like to notify your local chapter of this project -registration? (Y/N) Anticipated Project Type (i.e. retail, commercial etc.) Anticipated Certification Level After the project is registered, the project team can then be invited to LEED-Online. Here the project team can review their credit templates and determine what pieces of information they will need to acquire for proper documentation of their credits. The project team can also access the existing Credit Interpretation Requests and Rulings (CIRs) through LEED-Online. The existing CIRs are a list of past project team requests and Technical Advisory Group (TAG) rulings. These rulings set a precedent for the requirements to achieve credits. Sometimes a project team is unsure of the validity of a credit attempt and they cannot come to a conclusion by reading the LEED Reference Guide or by reading the existing CIRs from other projects. In these cases, a new CIR may be submitted and a ruling given by the TAGs which would set future precedent. The cost for a new CIR is $220 per credit so it is a good idea to review existing CIRs to determine potential parallels with other project requests before submitting a new one. All existing and new requests can be accessed via LEED-Online. When submitting a CIR, be sure to avoid using the credit name, any contact information for the LEED AP, or any confidential project information. In addition, submissions are limited to 600 words or 4,000 characters. There is no guarantee that a credit will be achieved with submittal of the CIR documents. The following is an example of a CIR submitted to the USGBC and the ruling by the Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs). This example was taken from their website.
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Credit Interpretation Request (7/26/2007) Our project is a 3 story multi-family apartment building in a metro area. Part of the site was previously developed and contained two houses. In lieu of demolition of these structures, one of the houses was moved from the property - being sold to a 3rd party who has moved the house to a new location and is continuing to use the house as a residence - thereby extending its useful life and purpose. The second structure was in poor condition and was unlikely to continue to be used as a residence. This structure was donated to the local municipality for use by the public safety/ fire department as an educational/training tool as part of a live fire training exercise. This, of course means that the house was burned as part of the training exercise and is no longer on the property. Our question is two fold: 1. The house that was moved rather than demolished and diverted from the waste stream continues to be used as a house and serves a family of four. We consider this a benefit as a family is provided affordable housing without the use and extraction of additional material resources. Also, because the house was moved it is being used in its entirety - diverting even more waste than would normally be realized through job site recycling. Should we include the weight of this house in our calculations for credit MR 2, and if so, how should we best estimate the weight of the structure? We will not be able to separate the weights of the various materials and components but will rather need to estimate the weight of the house en masse and list as a separate
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line item. Or, should we apply for an Innovation and Design Credit for the reuse of the house? 2. The house that was donated to the local municipality for use by the public safety/fire department as an educational/training tool also diverted waste from the landfill. We understand that incineration of building materials and waste is not considered to meet the intent of MR 2 unless it is used as a biomass fuel generation source as determined by the ruling on 3/23/2004. However, use of this structure benefits the public good - by providing firefighters necessary educational and life safety training experience so that they are better prepared to fight fires and rescue people in danger - the use of the house in this manner thereby helps to save lives and extend the public good beyond the material value of the structure. All of the burned material was removed from the site prior to the contractors mobilization and control of the site. May we apply for an Innovation and Design Credit for this work? Supporting documentation will include narratives, a statement of activity by the public safety/fire department and an environmental report stating that the house contained no hazardous materials at the time of the fire fighting exercise. Ruling (8/16/2007) The applicant is proposing two measures: to include a relocated house in the calculations for MRc2 or to receive an innovation point for this measure, and to reuse an existing house for a fire

department training use and achieving an innovation point using this strategy. The relocation of the first structure mentioned warrants an innovation point, as this reuse measure achieves a higher environmental impact than recycling of the materials of the house alone. Alternatively, the house can be included in MRc2 calculations; if the total projects diversion rate for MRc2 is 95% or higher, an ID point for exemplary performance can be pursued. The proposal for the second structure (donation for public safety/fire department use) can be included in the MRc2 calculations but does not warrant an innovation point alone. Consulting a structural engineer on the weights of both houses for these calculations is encouraged in order for the weights of the materials to be the most accurate. As you can see, CIRs can be quite helpful in deciding which credits to aim for when planning the project. Before submitting, though, be sure to do some research! Once all documentation is submitted to LEED-Online, an administrative review will take place to confirm that all documents are in order. At this point, certification fees must be paid in full. The USGBC will provide preliminary feedback after 25 business days. The LEED project team has 25 business days to respond to the USGBC with additional comments and documents. The final LEED review will take place over the next 15 days and a final certification ruling will take place. If the project team is not satisfied with the results of the final certification, they can file

an appeal (at the rate of $500/credit) within 25 days of receipt. Expedited reviews are available for $10,000/credit and project teams will receive an answer within 12 days. When the time comes to log onto the Internet and register the project, you'll need some information. First, obviously which rating system you're planning on using! Also, information about the physical address of the building, and contact information for the Project Administrator and Owner. Finally, you'll need to know the owner type (whether it's a government, non-profit, institutional or other type of building, the scope, site conditions, gross square footage, budget, current phase, and the project and occupant types. Once registration is complete, fees are due to the USGBC. Once these fees are paid, the Project Administrator will have access to LEED-Online.

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LEED-Online
Some of the pages before this refer to something called LEED-Online. LEED-Online is a major resource in getting a building certified. LEED-Online can be found at www.leedonline.com. Here, you'll find all of the documents you need for calculations, referenced standards and resources, plus more. Think about it as your library-the place you go for information. If you registered the project, you're now known as the LEED Project Administrator, you'll have access to LEED-Online and be able to invite others to join the project. If you happen to be involved in several LEED projects, you'll have access to them all through your account (which is created when the project is registered with the USGBC and all fees are paid. The login here will be the same as the ones for the USGBC and GBCI websites). The following information relates specifically to LEED-Online version 2.2. Minor adjustments have been made to LEED-Online version 3, but the majority of the information required remains the same. Remove button (to remove project from your list) Enter button (to enter the project) In addition to this information will be a box for entering a Project Access Code. This code is used when joining a project. The Project Administrator will send you an e-mail with this code. Clicking "Enter" will bring you to the Credit Scorecard and Status tab. This is one of seven tabs that will appear for a given project. My Action Items This section displays the next steps for the Project Administrator and the other team members. The Action Items displayed will vary depending on your project role, the project status and number of points anticipated or awarded. Once all the Design Prerequisites and at least one Design Credit have been completed an Action Item of Submit Application Payment and Begin Review will appear on the Project Administrators account. It is important that the Project Administrator not click this button until the Project Team has documented all Design Credits they want to submit for review to the USGBC. Potential/Final LEED Rating A rating will be displayed in the form of a highlighted crest (i.e. silver, gold, etc.) depending on the number of credits attempted.This rating is not a final ruling and should only be used by the project team as a gauge for project progress.All prerequisites need to be attempted and documented for a potential LEED rating to appear. When the Project Administrator

Logging into LEED-Online

Okay, you're in! The first thing you'll see upon login is a project selector. Here, you'll find information about any project you're involved in. Listed will be: Name (of project) Project Administrator (name) City (location of project) State (location of project) Your Role (i.e. Architect, Engineer, Project Administrator, etc.) Current Status (i.e. Design Application, Construction Application Review, etc.)
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accepts the final rating from USGBC at the end of the Construction Review & Certification Award, the rating will be displayed as absolute. Attempted Credit Summary This displays the attempted points by the project. It also separates the total points between Design and Construction credits. Credit Scorecard This section is where the Project Administrator and project team will document credits. Most of the LEED Certification work will be done in this section.To view the credits in each category, the Project Administrator and project team can click on the button Expand All Credit Categories or click on the arrow button next to each main Category title. The Credit Scorecard can be broken up intothe following sections: Points Documented Credit Category & Number Design & Construction Credit Name & Documentation Team Member Assigned & Attempted Credit Status Credit Indication Possible Points Points Documented Points Documented displays the number of credits which have been attempted and documented. The points attempted will feed the display for the potential/final LEED rating (i.e. highlighted crest) in LEED Online within the Credit Scorecard & Status page. Credit Category & Number Credit categories & numbers show the project team which category they are

currently working on. An example of this section is EA Credit 1 which stands for the category: Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1. Design & Construction Design and Construction refers to where the credit falls within the project phase.Credits marked as D are Design whereas credits marked as C are Construction.LEEDNC is broken into these two phases to give the project team flexibility when planning, since the team will have the option whether to submit the Design credits at the end of the design phase of the project (defined as 100% Construction Documents). When opting for the Design submittal, the USGBC will review and mark each Design credit as either Anticipated or Denied. A ruling on every credit that is submitted will be received, with a brief explanation of why any credits were denied. This optional Design submittal allows for the project team to better assess the total expected points for the project at an earlier stage and it allows for the application fee to be paid in part during the Design submittal with the remainder paid during the Construction submittal at the end of the project. If the project team does not take advantage of the Design submittal then all the credits are submitted during the Construction Submittal at the end of the project. In this case, the USGBC will review and mark each Design and Construction credit as either Achieved or Denied. Credit Name & Documentation The name of the credit will always appear, whether the credit is attempted or unattempted. Once a credit is attempted in the Team Member Assigned & Attempted section by the Project Administrator, the name of the credit will become a hyperlink
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for the Project Administrator or the team member assigned to click in order to document the individual credit.Its important to note that before a project team member is able to click on the hyperlink for their credit, the Project Administrator must first chose a project team member role from the drop down for the credit name.Also, the project team members will only be able to click on the attempted credits they are specifically assigned to by the Project Administrator but the Project Administrator can click on any of the attempted credits for more information. Team Member Assigned & Attempted This is where the Project Administrator assigns a project team member role (defined in the Team Admin tab) to a specific credit. Once a project team member is assigned to a credit, that credit becomes an attempted credit for the project. Credit Status Credit status images show up depending on whether the documentation of the credit is complete or incomplete once it is attempted. A red exclamation point appears when the credit is first assigned to a project team role. This indicates the credit has been attempted, but the necessary template and documentation have not been uploaded to LEED Online.The red exclamation point becomes a white check mark when the credit template (located within the hyperlink for the credit) for that credit has been saved for the first time. The white check mark will become a green check mark when the Project Administrator or project team member assigned to that credit clicks on the Mark as Complete button inside the hyperlink for the credit. This
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green check mark indicates the template and documentation have been attempted, uploaded and complete.This section helps with internal organization and allows the Project Administrator and project team to see which attempted credits need to be filled out at any given time. Credit Indication Credit indication displays depend on the project stage.At first, all attempted credits will show as Attempted once a Project Administrator has assigned a project team member role to a credit. When doing a Design Review, all Design credits that are being deferred until Construction Review will show as Deferred. When the Design Review or Construction Review are underway, the credits under review will show as Under Review. Then when the Design Review is complete, the reviewed credits will show as either Anticipated or Denied. When the Construction Review is complete, the reviewed credits will show as either Achieved or Denied. Possible Points This shows the maximum number of points available per credit and category.The Points Documented section can be compared to this section to give the project team an idea of what proportion of the potential points are being captured. Inside the Credit Hyperlink The Claim of Credit Status displays information about the individual credit. It is broken into the four sections below: Attempted On This displays the date the credit was first assigned to a project team member and marked as attempted.

Credit Status This displays the status of the credit (i.e. Attempted, Anticipated, Denied). Assigned Team Role This displays the project team member assigned to the specific credit. Defer until Construction Phase? When opting for the Design Review, this is where a Design credit can be deferred until the Construction Review. Also, this area is where a Project Administrator has the option to Unattempt a credit. Credit Template The Credit Template section is the main area where the Project Administrator or project team member assigned to the credit will document the necessary information for attempted credits. It is broken into the five sections below: Template Status This displays whether a credit template has been submitted or not. Before it has been submitted, this section will display the date of the last saved update to the credit template. Manage Template This section is the most important section for documenting the credit.In this section you can click on the Download Template button for the credit template. The Credit Templates are powered by Adobe LiveCycle and use Adobe Reader to view and submit the template. These Credit Templates are specific to each credit and include built-in calculations and information about necessary supporting

documentation. Project team members will need to include the completed Credit Templates for all attempted credits as part of the submission for review. Each template includes the following sub-sections: a. Responsible Individual & Company Name - Project team members information. b. Credit Compliance - Specific information required relative to credit with built in calculations. c. Sheet Description Log - List of team members supporting documentation. d. Points Documented - Shows total points relative to the data input in the Credit Compliance section. This is also where the project team member signs and dates the template with their same login ID and password for getting onto LEED online. To update the template, the user needs to input their name, date, login ID, and password and then hit the Save Template to LEED Online button. Credit Resources This section is not included on most of the credits. However, when using the glazing factor method to determine the daylighting for the daylighting credits, this section includes a link to a PDF that allows for a simpler method of calculating the glazing factor.

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Required Documents This is where the Project Administrator or the team member assigned to the credit can upload supplemental documentation asked for in the Credit Template. The required documentation needs to be uploaded along with the Credit Template for the credit to be reviewed by USGBC. However, project teams are not limited to only uploading the required supporting documentation and can submit any forms of documentation that may be appropriate for the credit. The system accepts any of the following formats for uploading: PDF, JPG, JPEG, GIF, TIF, BMP, PNG, DWF, DFW, XLS, DOC, TXT, ZIP. Documentation Status This displays whether the credit is complete or not based on Credit Template submission and documents uploaded. Once the Credit Template and documents have been uploaded, the team member assigned to the credit can click on the Complete button to lock the template for complete status. The complete status isnt permanenta credit that is marked as Complete can be marked as Incomplete as well if the team decides that there is more information needed before submission. This status can be adjusted at any time except when the credit is under review. Review Comments This is where the USGBC reviewers will supply comments when additional action is required to achieve the credit after either a Design or Construction Review has been completed.

Notes This section is used by the Project Administrator as an internal tool to discuss issues with credit documentation with the rest of the project team.Notes can be added at any time by any of the parties assigned to the credit. These are not viewed by the USGBC reviewers during the review process. The project summary refers to the information and specification of the project. Click on Edit Project Summary at the bottom of the Project Summary page to update or add any information. The Project Summary is broken up into eight sections: Project Details Project Contact Project Cost Project Information Project Site Project Building Code Project Type Details to be Confidential Its important to fill out the most current information in this section so the USGBC can better serve the project. Most of the information is taken from the project registration information but some additional information still needs to be input by the Project Administrator. Project Team This section is used by the Project Administrator to build and edit project team members associated with the project. There are two steps needed to add a Project Team member: Project Access Code Role Defined Project Access Code Project Team members will show up in

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this section once a user has entered the Project Access Code into their USGBC user account (users will NOT show up unless the Project Access Code has been added to their account: www.usgbc.org/your account). The project Administrator needs to add the team members email addresses into the section Invite Someone to Join This Project, below the Project Team section. This will automatically send information and the Project Access Code in an email to project team members to be added to the Project Team list. The Project Access Code is also displayed in Project Summary of LEED Online. Role Defined Once a project team member has entered the Project Access Code into their account, that person will show up on the Project Team list. The Project Administrator can then assign a Team Role to the project team members. A role must be assigned for the project team members to have access to their assigned credits. Roles can be edited or created in Manage Team Roles in this pages view. Also, at any time a Project Administrator can edit user roles or delete a user all together. The roles assigned in this tab are the same roles referred to above in the Credit Scorecard & Status tab. A project team member will have hyperlinks for their assigned credits in the Credit Scorecard & Status tab, and therefore access, to all credits assigned to the role that corresponds with their own role. Invite Someone to This Project Enter a persons email address in the field to send them an invitation to join the project. The person will receive an email with the projects Project Access Code along with

instructions to add themselves as a project team member. Mange Team Roles This section allows a Project Administrator to add roles not predetermined in the system. A Project Administrator can remove and modify roles he/she has created but the predetermined roles cannot be removed or modified. Once created, these roles can be identified for each project team member. Note: The Team Admin tab can only be accessed by the Project Administrator and by one other who has the predetermined role called the Project Team Manager. The Project Team Manager has the same privileges as the Project Administrator and can invite/delete project team members, attempt/unattempt credits and submit documentation for review to the USGBC. There is no limit to the number of Project Team Managers on a project team and this role is usually assigned to someone on the team who is with the same firm as the Project Administrator so that multiple people have full access to the project within that firm. The only real difference between the Project Administrator and the Project Team Manager is that the Project Administrator is the individual who actually registered the project. Similarly to adding other team members, the Project Administrator needs to send the access code to the Project Team Manager via e-mail, and assign them to a particular position. Drawings & Images This section can be used for the Project Administrator and team to upload any specific images or drawings of the project. This is a good place to upload general project documents (i.e. project building layout, before & after project pictures, etc.).
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The type of files you can upload are: PDF, JPG, GIF, TIF, BMP. Miscellaneous This section can be used for the Project Administrator and team to uploadany documentation not covered in the credit documentation but that the Project Administrator and team would like USGBC to know about. The type of files you can upload are: PDF, JPG, GIF, TIF, BMP, XLS, DOC. Credit Interpretations The Credit Interpretations (or commonly called CIRs) are a way for the Project Administrator and team to receive feedback on any questions or clarifications on specific credits. The CIR page is broken up into two sections: Find an Existing CIR Submit a New CIR Both of these sections will be helpful for the Project Administrator and team as the project progresses. This section includes descriptions of all of the above tabs inside the project as well some other useful information.

Project Certification Application Process


After the design portion of the project has been completed the project team then has to make a choice regarding their certification application submittal process. The certification application submittal process can be completed in one or two phases. If choosing the one-phase submittal, then the project team will wait until after the commissioning process is complete at the end of construction to submit their application. If choosing the two-phase submittal option, the design team will submit part of the application after 100% Construction Documents (Design Submittal) and the remaining part after commissioning at the end of the project (Construction Submittal). Each attempted credit for the project is assigned as either a design credit or a construction credit on LEED-Online. Project teams are allowed one design phase review which is usually completed after 100% Construction Documents. All attempted credits assigned as design credits would either be submitted during the Design Phase Review or deferred until the Construction Phase Review. A Design Phase Review allows the project team to assess their potential for total credit achievement so that they can make better decisions during construction with regards to change orders etc. Note that the two-phase submittal option is not available for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance projects. Whether a one-phase or a two-phase submittal option is chosen, both scenarios require following through with the Administrative Review process through LEED-Online. Once the project team has internally decided that they are ready to submit their

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documentation for review (Design or Construction), the Project Administrator or a Project Team Manager submits the documentation, in its entirety for the given phase, through LEED-Online. Once certification application payment is received (charge or check) the Project Administrator and Project Team Managers are notified via email that the Administrative Review process has begun. Note that when opting for a Design Phase submittal, the certification application fee is paid in part during the Design submittal and the remaining portion of the fee is paid during the Construction submittal. The GBCI then has 25 business days to respond to the project team with preliminary comments. Upon receipt of the GBCI comments, the project team then has 25 business days to resubmit adjustments to the credits which had received comments. Then the GBCI has 15 business days to respond to the project team with the Final LEED Review. Upon receipt of the Final LEED Review, the project team can then see which credits were achieved or denied. If it was a Design Phase submittal then the

attempted design credits will be labeled as either Anticipated or Denied on LEEDOnline. If it was a Construction Phase submittal or a combined submittal at the end of the project then all attempted credits will be labeled as either Achieved or Denied on LEED-Online. All Design Phase credits must be updated during the Construction Phase review to reflect any changes that occur during construction. Therefore, all Anticipated credits are not officially earned until the end of the project. Anticipated credits will be Achieved at the end of the project if no changes have occurred during construction. If the project team is unhappy with the denial of a credit, they have 25 business days from the receipt of the official denial to submit an appeal ($500/credit). All credits denied during the Design Phase submittal must be appealed within 25 business days of the receipt of the Design Phase Final LEED Review and cannot be appealed after the Construction Phase Final LEED Review. The official credit achievement total is not determined until the project team accepts the Final LEED Review at the end of the project.

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LEED Project Boundary


The LEED Project Boundary is the perimeter of the building owners land. This boundary includes all contiguous land owned by the building owner and all land disturbed as part of the scope of the LEED project. This boundary can extend outside of the owner's land area. Everything within the project boundary should be included in the documentation. This includes parking, structures and landscaping. Surfaces that arent associated with the LEED project or are owned by a separate party may be excluded from the project boundary. This includes public entities, such as railroad tracks and rivers. Only occasionally may a project boundary be non-contiguous. In these areas, the following conditions must be met: The distance between non-contiguous parcels are no more than mile (0.40 kilometer) walkable distance apart. Each non-contiguous parcel complies with the prerequisites and all earned credits. The area between the non-contiguous parcels is described and demonstrates a legitimate need for non-contiguous parcels. The same regulatory jurisdiction covers the entire site across all parcels. Project teams may not make unreasonable exclusions or shapes that take advantage of the non-contiguous allowance for the sole purpose of complying with a prerequisite or credit.

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Referenced Standards
Each credit has a number of requirements that must be met before the points can be earned toward LEED certification. These requirements often have a related industry standard that must be met or exceeded. Some standards are referenced more than once, with different credits. This chart details the standards that are referenced throughout the LEED rating systems.

Referenced Standard LEED Green Building Rating System

What It Covers This covers the basics of all projects seeking LEED certification. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is an important part of LEED certification. In addition to using lowpolluting sources of energy, LEED also promotes cutting vehicle emissions by building occupants. This helps firms buy or lease lowpolluting vehicles for normal business uses and in construction activities.

Applicable Credits All Applicable Credits

The California Air Resources Board, Zero-Emission Vehicle Definition

Sustainable Sites: Alternative TransportationLow-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Sustainable Sites: Alternative TransportationLow-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles

The American Council for an EnergyEfficient Economy, the ACEE Green Book Environmental Guide to Cars and Trucks South Coast Air Quality Management District, Rule 2202, On-Road Motor Vehicle Mitigation Options Employee Commute Reduction Program Guidelines, Chapter II (effective Feb. 2004) and Rule 2202, Employee Commute Reduction Program AVR Survey Support Guide (effective July, 2005

These rules help project teams survey building occupants to reduce transportation impacts on the environment. Cutting single-occupant vehicle trips is a key component of some LEED credits.

Sustainable Sites: Alternative TransportationLow-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials IAPMO/ This organization sets standards and ANSI UPC 1-2006, Uniform Plumbing goals for acceptable water use by many Code 2006, Section 402, Water commercial plumbing fixtures. Conserving Fixtures and Fittings International Code Council, International Plumbing Code 2006, Section 604, Design of Building Water Distribution Systems This organization also sets standards and goals for acceptable water use by many commercial plumbing fixtures.

Water Efficiency: Water Use Reduction

Water Efficiency: reducing water loss through leaky fixtures 65

Energy Policy Act of 1992

The act set the standard for maximum flow rates for toilets, sinks, and shower fixtures. Produced by the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Airconditioning Engineers, the ASHRAE Level-1 standard helps engineers design and operate energy-efficient building heating and cooling systems. The fourvolume handbook contains extensive information on heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and refrigeration. Sets standards similar to Level I, but goes into greater detail, especially on more capital intensive measures. Sets minimum ventilation rates and other requirements for commercial and institutional buildings. Among other tasks, it addresses separating areas allowing environmental tobacco smoke from those that do not in the same building. Determines the Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of an air filter. Creates a method of complying with air quality standards for common space types, a calculation method for broader space types and adaptive method for naturally ventilated spaces in some climates. Specifies exactly which chemical refrigerants can be recycled and how to do it effectively and safely. Produced by a partnership of the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy, Energy Star ratings help guide businesses in their purchasing of energy-efficient products. An interactive tool allowing businesses to track and assess energy and water use within a building or a group of buildings

Water Efficiency: Water Use Reduction

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Level I, walk-through analysis covering Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits and the 2007 ASHRAE Handbook

Energy & Atmosphere designing, operating and maintaining major energy-using systems in an efficient manner

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Level II

Energy & Atmospherelooks at complete replacement and design of major energy-using systems

ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007

Indoor Air Qualityensures clean, fresh air for building occupants

ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999: Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy

Indoor Air Qualityclean air for occupants

Indoor Air Qualitycomfortable temperatures for building occupants

US EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 606, Refrigerant Recycling Rule

Energy and Atmospherereducing stratosphere ozone depletion. Energy and Atmosphereefficient energy use by individual appliances (refrigerators, stoves, dishwashers) and computer equipment (servers, monitors) Energy and Atmospheretracking energy use at the building or property level

ENERGY STAR ratings

ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager 66

Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association (SMACNA) SMACNA Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction (2nd Ed.) Nov. 2007, Chapter 3

SMACNA sets standards for sheet metal manufacturing, fabrication and installation. Set minimum indoor air quality standards for buildings under construction. An independent non-profit organization that promotes the manufacture, purchase and use of environmentally responsible products and services. MSCA has its own GreenStar designation awarded to contractors that promote sustainability, possess the skills and expertise needed to deliver energy-efficient indoor environmental solutions, fulfill customer needs and understand the latest HVAC green technologies Essentially a method of buying energy (in the form of certificates) from renewable energy producers and greenhouse gas reducers. A partnership between the EPA and companies committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reporting their progress. This non-profit group encourages responsible forest management using environmentally responsible, sustainable methods Created by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) these tools help firms buy environmentallysound computers and monitors Produced by the Carpet and Rug Institute, these designations apply to carpet and adhesive products with low volatile organic compound (VOC) and other emissions. Sets standards related to the environmental impacts of flooring and flooring adhesives.

Indoor Environmental Quality reducing air pollution impacts on occupants of buildings during remodels or renovations Indoor Environmental Quality reducing air pollution impacts on occupants of buildings during remodels or renovations Indoor Environmental Quality reducing health problems caused by exposure to cleaning chemicals

Green Seal and Green Seal Certified

Mechanical Service Contractors of America (MSCA)

Water Efficiencykeeping cooling towers free of biological contaminants

The Center for Resource Solutions Green-e Energy Certification Program

Energy and Atmosphere environmentally-friendly energy production

EPA Climate Leaders

Energy and Atmospherereducing greenhouse gas emissions

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certified Wood and Paper Products

Materials and Resourcesforest conservation, responsible use of wood products in consumable purchasing

Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tools (EPEAT)

Materials and Resourcessustainable purchases of durable goods

Green Label Testing Program and Green Label Plus Testing Program

Indoor Environmental Quality reducing indoor VOC emissions from carpet adhesives Indoor Environmental Quality reducing indoor VOC emissions from flooring adhesives 67

FloorScore Scientific Certification Systems

GreenSeal GS-03 Anti-corrosive Paints South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1113, Architectural Coating GreenSeal GS-36 Standard for Commercial Adhesives

Sets VOC limits for anti-corrosive paints. Sets VOC limits for architectural coating This is the standard for aerosol adhesives These are the environmental standards for paints. Key exceptions are stains, clear finishes and aerosols. This rule sets volatile organic compound (VOC) content limits for adhesives and sealants used by industrial and commercial facilities and by consumers. Very similar to the above but includes all cements and adhesives.

Indoor Environmental Quality-reduce VOCs from paints Indoor Environmental Quality-reduce VOCs from architectural coatings Indoor Environmental Qualityreducing VOC emissions from adhesives & sealants Indoor Environmental Quality reducing indoor VOC emissions from paints and other sealants

Green Seal GS-11 Environmental Requirements for Paints

Bay Area Air Quality Management District Regulation 8, Organic Compounds, Rule 51, Adhesive and Sealant Products South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1168 and the Adhesive and Sealant Applications National Electrical and Medical Imaging Manufacturers Association Voluntary Commitment on Mercury in Compact Fluorescent Lights Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International certification

Indoor Environmental Quality reducing indoor VOC emissions from paints and other sealants Indoor Environmental Quality reducing indoor VOC emissions from a wide range of commercial paints and adhesives

Sets acceptable mercury vapor levels for Materials and Resourcesreducing compact fluorescent lights. mercury vapor exposure

Ensures that set minimum fees reach producers, not just middlemen Certifies farms, ranches and food handlers for sustainable agriculture and business practices, including humane animal treatment. Applies chain of custody standards to trace seafood from a sustainable fishery to store shelves. Certifies farmers use of very strict environmental standards. Conserves biodiversity by changing land-use, consumer and business practices to ensure sustainable livelihoods.

Materials and Resourcespromoting sustainable food production methods Materials and Resourcespromoting sustainable food production methods, especially meat products Materials and Resourcespromoting sustainable fisheries Materials and Resourcespromotes reduced use of pesticides in farming

Food Alliance certification

Marine Stewardship Council Blue EcoLabel

Protected Harvest Certification

Rainforest Alliance Certification

Materials and Resourcesrainforest preservation

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US Department of Agriculture Organic certification

The federal governments listing standard for organic food products.

Materials and Resourcesregulation of organic designation

EPAs Indoor Air Quality Building Education and Assessment Model

Allows firms to use computer modeling for improving Indoor Air Quality, Indoor Environmental Quality including an IAQ building audit, Creating and implementing an Indoor prove the building is following IAQ Air Quality Management Program practices and reduce liability from IAQ complaints. Helps determine C02 generation rates from people in terms of their body size and physical exertions; covers using C02 monitoring to evaluate ventilation and IAQ. Determines air leakage rates using fan pressurization Evaluates light transmission and scattering properties of various materials such as transparent plastic. Applies to specific cleaning products categories Sets standards for various cleaning products including limits on toxicity and biodegradability. Covers janitorial supplies such as paper and plastic liners.

Guide for Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentration to Evaluate Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation, ASTM Standard D 6245-98, 2002

Indoor Environmental Quality building occupant health and safety

ASTM-779-03 ASTM D1003-07E1, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminance Transmittance of Transparent Plastics The California Code of Regulations Maximum Allowable VOC Levels Environmental Choice Certified Products EPA Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines

Indoor Environmental Quality Environmental Tobacco Smoke control Indoor Environmental Quality Daylighting and views Indoor Environmental Quality sustainable purchasing of cleaning products Indoor Environmental Quality sustainable purchasing of cleaning products Indoor Environmental Quality sustainable purchasing of cleaning products

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Credit Synergies
Many LEED credits and prerequisites relate to each other. The following are three tables that represent the interactions between Sustainable Sites credits from the different rating systems. Full charts can be found in the study guides for each Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance, Building Design and Construction and Interior Design and Construction.

Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance


Credit Sustainable Sites SS Credit 1 SS Credit 2 SS Credit 3 SS Credit 4 SS Credit 5 SS Credit 6 SS Credit 7.1 SS Credit 7.2 SS Credit 8 Related Credits None IEQ Credits 3.4, 3.5, 3.6; MR Credit 3 IEQ Credit 3.5; WE Credit 3; SS Credits 5 and 6 SS Credits 5, 6 and 7.1 SS Credits 3, 6, 7.1 and 7.2; WE Credit 3 SS Credits 5, 7.1, 7.2; WE Credits 2 and 3 SS Credits 5 and 6; WE Credit 3 SS Credits 5 and 6; EA Credit 1 EA Prerequisite 2

Interior Design and Construction


Credit Sustainable Sites SSc1 Option 1 SSc1 Option 2, Path 1 SSc1 Option 2, Path 2 SSc1 Option 2, Path 3 SSc1 Option 2, Path 4 SSc1 Option 2, Path 5 SSc1 Option 2, Path 6 SSc1 Option 2, Path 7 SSc1 Option 2, Path 8 SSc1 Option 2, Path 9 SSc1 Option 2, Path 10 SSc1 Option 2, Path 11 SSc1 Option 2, Path 12 SS Credit 2 SS Credit 3.1 SS Credit 3.2 SS Credit 3.3 Related Credits None None SSc1.2.3, SSc1.2.4, SSc1.2.7, SSc1.2.8, SSc.2.10 SSc1.2.2, SSc1.2.4, SSc1.2.7, SSc1.2.8, SSc1.2.10 SSc1.2.2, SSc1.2.3, SSc1.2.7, SSc1.2.8 SSc1.2.2, SSc1.2.3, SSc1.2.7, SSc1.2.8, SSc1.2.10 EA Credits 1.1, 1.2; IEQ Credit 6.1 SS Credits 1.2.2, 1.2.3, 1.2.4, 1.2.5; EA Credit 1 SS Credits 1.2.2, 1.2.3, 1.2.4, 1.2.5; EA Credit 1 SS Credit 1.B.10; WE Prerequisite 1; WE Credit 1; EA Prerequisite 1; EA Credit 2 SS Credits 1.2.2, 1.2.3, 1.2.7, 1.2.8, 1.2.9, 1.2.10; WE Credit 1; EA Prerequisite 1; EA Credits 3, 5 EA Prerequisite 1; EA Credit 3 Not Specified SS Credit 3.1 SS Credit 2 None None

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Building Design and Construction


Credit Sustainable Sites SS Prerequisite 1 SS Prerequisite 2 SS Credit 1 SS Credit 2 SS Credit 3 SS Credit 4.1 SS Credit 4.2 SS Credit 4.3 SS Credit 4.4 SS Credit 5.1 SS Credit 5.2 SS Credit 6.1 SS Credit 6.2 SS Credit 7.1 SS Credit 7.2 SS Credit 8 SS Credit 9 SS Credit 10 Related Credits SS Credits 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2 SS Credit 3 SS Credits 2, 3, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2 SS Credits 1, 4.1 SS Credit 1, SS Prerequisite 2 for Schools only. SS Credits 1, 2 SS Credits 6, 7.1 SS Credit 4.4 SS Credits 5.1, 5.2, 6, 7.1 SS Credits 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2; WE Credit 1 SS Credits 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2 SS Credits 2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2; WE Credits 1, 3 SS Credits 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2; WE Credit 1 SS Credits 5.2, 6.1, 6.2; WE Credit 1 SS Credits 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2; WE Credit 3; EA Credit 1 EA Credit 1; IEQ Credit 6.1 WE Credit 3; EA Credits 1, 3, 5; IEQ Prerequisite 2, IEQ Credits 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 SS Credit 2

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Appendix

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Credit Rating Chart Credit comparisons of different rating systems


New Construction and Major Renovation Schools Core & Shell Interior Design and Construction

Building Operations and Maintenance

Sustainable Sites
Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention X SS Credit 1: Site Selection, 1 pt. SS Credit 2: Development Density and Community Connectivity 5 pts. SS Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment, 1 pt SS Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment, 1 pt SS Credit 2: Development Density and Community Connectivity, 4 pts SS Credit 1: Site Selection, 1 pt. Prerequisite 2: Environmental Site Assessment X Credit 1: Site Selection, 1 pt. SS Credit 2: Development Density and Community Connectivity, 5 pts SS Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment, 1 pt Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention X X SS Credit 1: Site Selection, 1-5 pts. SS Credit 2: Development Density and Community Connectivity, 6 pts. SS Credit 3.1: Alternative Transportation-Public Transportation Access, 6 pts. X SS Credit 3.2: Alternative Transportation-Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms, 2 pts. X X X SS Credit 3.3: Alternative Transportation-Parking Availability, 2 pts. SS Credit 4.1: Alternative TransportationPublic Transportation Access SS, 4 pts. SS Credit 4.1: Alternative TransportationPublic Transportation Access SS, 6 pts. X

SS Credit 1: LEED Certified Design and Construction, 4 pts.

SS Credit 2: Building Exterior and Hardscape Management Plan, 1 pt.

SS Credit 3: Integrated Pest Management, Erosion Control and Landscape Management Plan, 1 pt. X

X SS Credit 4.1: Alternative TransportationPublic Transportation Access, SS, 6 pts.

SS Credit 4: Alternative Commuting Transportation, 3-15 points

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SS Credit 4.2: Alternative TransportationBicycle Storage and Changing Rooms, 1 pt.

SS Credit 4.2: Alternative TransportationBicycle Storage and Changing Rooms, 1 pt.

SS Credit 4.2: Alternative TransportationBicycle Storage and Changing Rooms, 2 pts.

76 New Construction and Major Renovation Schools Core & Shell Interior Design and Construction
SS Credit 4.3: Alternative TransportationLow-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles, 3 pts. SS Credit 4.4: Alternative TransportationParking Capacity, 2 pts. SS Credit 5.1: Site DevelopmentProtect or Restore Habitat, 1 pt. SS Credit 5.2: Site DevelopmentMaximize Open Space, 1 pt. SS Credit 5.2: Site DevelopmentMaximize Open Space, 1 pt. SS Credit 6.1: Stormwater DesignQuantity Control, 1 pt. SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater DesignQuality Control, 1 pt. SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island ReductionNonroof, 1 pt. SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island ReductionRoof, 1 pt. SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction, 1 pt. X SS Credit 9: Site Master Plan, 1 pt. SS Credit 10: Joint Use of Facilities, 1 pt. X SS Credit 6.1: Stormwater DesignQuantity Control, 1 pt. SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater DesignQuality Control, 1 pt. SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island ReductionNonroof, 1 pt. SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island ReductionRoof, 1 pt. SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction, 1 pt. X X SS Credit 5.1: Site DevelopmentProtect or Restore Habitat, 1 pt. SS Credit 5.1: Site DevelopmentProtect or Restore Habitat, 1 pt. SS Credit 5.2: Site DevelopmentMaximize Open Space, 1 pt. SS Credit 6.1: Stormwater DesignQuantity Control, 1 pt. SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater DesignQuality Control, 1 pt. SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island ReductionNonroof, 1 pt. SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island ReductionRoof, 1 pt. SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction, 1 pt. SS Credit 9: Tenant Design and Construction Guidelines, 1 pt. X X SS Credit 4.4: Alternative TransportationParking Capacity, 2 pts. SS Credit 4.4: Alternative TransportationParking Capacity, 2 pts. SS Credit 4.3: Alternative TransportationLow-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles, 2 pts. SS Credit 4.3: Alternative TransportationLow-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles, 3 pts. X X X X X X X X X X X X

Building Operations and Maintenance

Sustainable Sites Continued

SS Credit 5: Site Development: Protect or Restore Open Habitat, 1 pt

SS Credit 6: Stormwater Quantity Control, 1 pt.

SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island ReductionNonroof, 1 pt.

SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island ReductionRoof, 1 pt.

SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction, 1 pt.

Building Operations and Maintenance Schools Core & Shell Interior Design and Construction

New Construction and Major Renovation

Water Efficiency
WE Prerequisite 1: Water Use Reduction WE Credit 1: Water Efficient Landscaping, 2-4 pts. WE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies, 2 pts. WE Credit 3: Water Use Reduction, 2-4 pts. X WE Credit 4: Process Water Use Reduction, 1 pt. X WE Credit 3: Water Use Reduction, 2-4 pts. WE Credit 3: Water Use Reduction, 2-4 pts. WE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies, 2 pts. WE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies, 2 pts. WE Credit 1: Water Efficient Landscaping, 2-4 pts. WE Credit 1: Water Efficient Landscaping, 2-4 pts. WE Prerequisite 1: Water Use Reduction WE Prerequisite 1: Water Use Reduction WE Prerequisite 1: Water Use Reduction WE Credit 1: Water Use Reduction, 6-11 pts. X

WE Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Plumbing Fixture and Fitting Efficiency

WE Credit 1: Water Performance Measurement, 1-2 pts.

WE Credit 2: Additional Indoor Plumbing Fixture and Fitting Efficiency, 1-5 pts.

WE Credit 3: Water-Efficient Landscaping, 1-5 pts

X X

WE Credit 4: Cooling Tower Water Management, 1-2 pts

Energy and Atmosphere


EA Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance EA Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Efficient Performance, 1-19 pts. X EA Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance EA Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Efficient Performance, 1-19 pts. X EA Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance EA Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Efficient Performance, 3-21 pts. X EA Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance EA Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management EA Credit 1.1: Optimize Energy Performance-Lighting Power, 1-5 pts. EA Credit 1.2: Optimize Energy Performance-Lighting Controls, 1-3 pts.

EA Prerequisite 1: Energy Efficiency Best Management PracticePlanning, Documentation and Opportunity Assessment

EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Efficiency Performance

EA Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management

EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Efficient Performance, 1-18 pts.

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X X X EA Credit 1.3: Optimize Energy Performance-HVAC, 5-10 pts. EA Credit 1.4: Optimize Energy Performance-Equipment and Appliances, 1-4 pts. EA Credit 2: Enhanced Commissioning, 5 pts. X X EA Credit 2: On-Site Renewable Energy, 1-7 pts. X X X EA Credit 2: On-Site Renewable Energy, 1-7 pts. EA Credit 2: On-Site Renewable Energy, 4 pts. X X X X X X EA Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning, 2 pts. X X EA Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning, 2 pts. EA Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning, 2 pts. X EA Credit 3: Measurement and Verification, 2-5 pts. X EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management, 2 pts. EA Credit 5: Measurement and Verification, 3 pts. X EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management, 1 pt. EA Credit 5: MS Measurement and Verification, 2 pts. X EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management, 2 pts. X EA Credit 5.1: Measurement and Verification-Base Building, 3 pts. X EA Credit 5.2: Measurement and Verification-Tenant Submetering, 3 pts. EA Credit 6: Green Power, 2 pts. EA Credit 6: Green Power, 2 pts. EA Credit 4: Green Power, 5 pts. X X X X EA Credit 6: Green Power, 2 pts. X

Energy and Atmosphere Continued

EA Credit 2.1: Existing Building Commissioning-Investigation and Analysis, 2 pts.

EA Credit 2.2: Existing Building Commissioning-Implementation, 2 pts.

EA Credit 2.3: Existing Building Commissioning-Ongoing Commissioning, 2 pts.

EA Credit 3.2: Performance Measurement-System-Level Metering, 1-2 pts.

EA Credit 4: On-Site and OffSite Renewable Energy, 1-6 pts.

EA Credit 5: Enhanced Refrigerant Management, 1 pt.

EA Credit 6: Emissions Reduction Reporting, 1 pt.

Materials & Resources


MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables MR Credit 1.1: Building ReuseMaintain Existing Walls, Floors and Roof, 1-3 pts. X X X MR Credit 1: Building ReuseMaintain Existing Walls, Floors and Roof, 1-3 pts. X MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse, 1 pt. X MR: Credit 4: Recycle Content, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 5: Regional Materials, 1-2 pts. X MR Credit 1.1: Building ReuseMaintain Existing Walls, Floors and Roof, 1-2 pts. MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables MR Credit 1.1: Tenant SpaceLong-Term Commitment, 1 pt. X

MR Prerequisite 1: Sustainable Purchasing Policy

MR Prerequisite 2: Solid Waste Management Policy

MR Credit 1: Sustainable Purchasing-Ongoing Consumables, 1 pt. MR Credit 1.2: Building ReuseMaintain Interior Non structural Elements, 1 pt. MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse, 1-2 pts. X MR Credit 4: Recycle Content, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 5: Regional Materials, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials, 1 pt. MR Credit 7: Certified Wood, 1 pt. X X MR: Credit 4: Recycle Content, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 5: Regional Materials, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials, 1 pt. MR Credit 7: Certified Wood, 1 pt. X MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 1.2: Building ReuseMaintain Interior Non structural Elements, 1 pt.

MR Credit 1.2: Building ReuseMaintain Interior Non structural Components, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 3.1: Materials Reuse, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 3.2: Materials Reuse: Furniture and Furnishings, 1 pt. MR : Credit 4: Recycle Content, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 5: Regional Materials, 1-2 pts. MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials, 1 pt.

MR Credit 2: Sustainable Purchasing-Durable Goods, 1-2 pts.

MR Credit 3: Sustainable Purchasing-Facility Alterations & Additions, 1 pt.

MR Credit 4: Sustainable Purchasing-Reduced Mercury in Lamps, 1 pt.

MR Credit 5: Sustainable Purchasing-Food, 1 pt.

MR Credit 6: Solid Waste Management-Waste Stream Audit, 1 pt.

MR Credit 7: Solid Waste Management-Ongoing Consumables, 1 pt.

MR Credit 7: Certified Wood, 1 pt. MR Credit 6: Certified Wood, 1 pt. X

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X X X X X X X X IEQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance IEQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control X IEQ Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring, 1 pt. X X IEQ Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring, 1 pt. IEQ Prerequisite 3: Minimum Acoustical Performance X IEQ Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring, 1 pt. X IEQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control IEQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance IEQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance IEQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control IEQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance IEQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control X IEQ Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring, 1 pt. X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Materials & Resources Continued

MR Credit 8: Solid Waste Management-Durable Goods, 1 pt.

MR Credit 9: Solid Waste Management-Facility Alterations & Additions, 1 pt.

Indoor Environmental Quality

IEQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

IEQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

IEQ Prerequisite 3: Green Cleaning Policy

IEQ Credit 1.1: IAQ Best Management Practices-IAQ Management Program, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 1.2: IAQ Best Management Practices-Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 1.3: IAQ Best Management Practices-Increased Ventilation, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 1.4: IAQ Best Management Practices-Reduced Particulates in Air Distribution, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 1.5: IAQ Best Management Practices-IAQ Management for Facility Alterations and Additions, 1 pt.

Indoor Environmental Quality Continued


IEQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation, 1 pt. X X X X IEQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 2.1: Occupant Comfort: Occupant Survey, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 2.2: Controllability of Systems-Lighting, 1 pt. X X X

IEQ Credit 2.3: Occupant Comfort-Thermal Comfort Monitoring, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 3.1: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan During Construction, 1 pt. X X X IEQ Credit 3.1: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan During Construction, 1 pt.

X IEQ Credit 3.1: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan During Construction, 1 pt. X

IEQ Credit 2.4: Daylight and Views, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 3.1: Green CleaningHigh-Performance Cleaning Program, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 3.2: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan Before Occupancy, 1 pt. X X IEQ Credit 3.2: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan Before Occupancy, 1 pt. X

IEQ Credit 3: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan During Construction, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 3.2: Green Cleaning-Custodial Effectiveness Assessment, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 3.2: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan Before Occupancy, 1 pt. X X

IEQ Credit 3.3: Green CleaningPurchase of Sustainable Cleaning Products and Materials, 1 pt. X X

IEQ Credit 3.4: Green CleaningSustainable Cleaning Equipment, 1 pt. X X

IEQ Credit 3.5: Green CleaningIndoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control, 1 pt. X

IEQ Credit 3.6: Green Cleaning-Indoor Integrated Pest Management, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.1: Low-Emitting Materials-Adhesives and Sealants, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 4.1: Low-Emitting Materials-Adhesives and Sealants, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 4.1: Low-Emitting Materials-Adhesives and Sealants, 1 pt.

IEQ Credit 4.1: Low-Emitting Materials-Adhesives and Sealants, 1 pt.

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IEQ Credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials-Paints and Coatings, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.3: Low-Emitting Materials-Flooring Systems, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.3: Low-Emitting Materials-Flooring Systems, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.4: Low-Emitting Materials-Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.5: Low-Emitting Materials-Furniture and Furnishings, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 4.6: Low-Emitting Materials-Ceiling and Wall Systems, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control, 1 pt. X X IEQ Credit 6.1: Controllability of Systems-Lighting, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 6.2: Controllability of Systems-Thermal Comfort, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort-Design, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.4: Low-Emitting Materials-Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.3: Low-Emitting Materials-Flooring Systems, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.4: Low-Emitting Materials-Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials-Paints and Coatings, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.2: Low -Emitting Materials-Paints and Coatings, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials-Paints and Coatings, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.3: Low-Emitting Materials--Flooring Systems, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.4: Low-Emitting Materials-Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 4.5: Low-Emitting Materials-Furniture and Furnishings, 1 pt. X X IEQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control, 1 pt. X X IEQ Credit 6.1: Controllability of Systems-Lighting, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 6.2: Controllability of Systems-Thermal Comfort, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort-Design, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control, 1 pt. X X X X IEQ Credit 6: Controllability of Systems-Thermal Comfort, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical and Pollution Source Control, 1 pt. X X IEQ Credit 6.1: Controllability of Systems-Lighting, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 6.2: Controllability of Systems-Thermal Comfort, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort-Design, 1 pt.

Indoor Environmental Quality Continued

Indoor Environmental Quality Continued


X IEQ Credit 7.2: Thermal Comfort-Verification, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 8.1: Daylight and Views-Daylight, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 8.2: Daylight and Views-Views, 1 pt. X X IEQ Credit 8.1: Daylight and Views-Daylight, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 8.2: Daylight and Views-Views, 1 pt. X X IEQ Credit 10: Mold Prevention, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 9: Enhanced Acoustical Performance, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 8.2: Daylight and Views-Views, 1-3 pts. IEQ Credit 8.1: Daylight and Views-Daylight, 1-3 pts. IEQ Credit 7.2: Thermal Comfort-Verification, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 7: Thermal ComfortDesign, 1 pt. X IEQ Credit 7.2: Thermal Comfort-Verification, 1 pt. IEQ Credit 8.1: Daylight and Views-Daylight, 1-2 pts. IEQ Credit 8.2: Daylight and Views-Views for Seated Spaces, 1 pt. X X

Innovations in Operations Innovation in Design


ID Credit 1: Innovation in Design, 1-5 pts. ID Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional, 1 pt. X ID Credit 1: Innovation in Design, 1-4 pts. ID Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional, 1 pt. ID Credit 3: The School As A Teaching Tool, 1 pt.

IO Credit 1: Innovation in Operations, 1-4 pts.

ID Credit 1: Innovation in Design, 1-5 pts. ID Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional, 1 pt. X

ID Credit 1: Innovation in Design, 1-5 pts. ID Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional, 1 pt. X

IO Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional, 1 pt.

IO Credit 3: Documenting Sustainable Building Cost Impacts, 1 pt.

Regional Priority
RP Credit 1: Regional Priority, 1-4 pts. RP Credit 1: Regional Priority, 1-4 pts. RP Credit 1: Regional Priority, 1-4 pts. RP Credit 1: Regional Priority, 1-4 pts.

RP Credit 1: Regional Priority, 1-4 pts.

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Common Acronyms
ACCA Air Conditioning Contractors of America ACEEE American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy AE Awareness and Education Section AFUE Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency AIA American Institute of Architects ALP ENERGY STAR Advanced Lighting Package ANSI American National Standards Institute ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials (an international organization) CAE Combined Annual Efficiency CFA Conditioned Floor aArea CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CFL Compact Fluorescent Light CFM Cubic Feet per Minute CFR U.S. Code of Federal Regulations CIBSE Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers CIR USGBC Credit Interpretation Request CIWMB California Integrated Waste Management Board CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide COC Chain of custody COP Coefficient of performance CRI Carpet & Rug Institute CRS Center for Resource Solutions CSI Construction Specifications Institute CZ Climate zone DHW Domestic hot water DOE U.S. Department of Energy DU Distribution uniformity EA Energy and Atmosphere Section EER Energy efficiency rating
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EERE U.S. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy EF Energy factor EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EQ Indoor Environmental Quality Section ET Evapo-transpiration FEMA U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency FSC Forest Stewardship Council GBCI Green Building Certification Institute GPF Gallons per flush GPM Gallons per minute HCFC Hydroflourocarbon HEPA High-efficiency particle absorbing HERS Home Efficiency Rating Standards HET High-efficiency toilet HOA Homeowners association HSPF Heating season performance factor HVAC Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning IAP ENERGY STAR with Indoor Air Package IAQ Indoor Air Quality ICF Insulated concrete form ID Innovation & Design section IDR Innovative Design Report IECC International Energy Conservation Code IEQ Indoor Environmental Quality Section (LEED 2009) IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America IPMVP International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol, Inc. IRC International residence Code ISO International Organization for Standardization KW Kilowatt KWH Kilowatt-hour LED Light-emitting diode LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED AP LEED Accredited Professional

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LL Location and Linkages section (LEED for Homes) MEF Modified energy factor MERV Minimum efficiency reporting value MR Materials & Resources section NFRC National Fenestration Rating Council OSB Oriented strand board RESNET Residential Energy Services Network SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SCS Scientific Certification Systems SEER Seasonal energy efficiency rating SHGC Solar heat gain coefficient SIP Structural insulated panels SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association SRI Solar reflectance index SS Sustainable Sites section TASC Technical Advisory Subcommittee UL Underwriters Laboratory UPC Uniform Plumbing Code USGBC U.S. Green Building Council VOC Volatile organic compounds WE Water Efficiency Section WF Water factor WFA Window-to-floor ratio

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Glossary
Albedo refers to reflectance of sunlight. It also known as Solar reflectance. Alternative Daily Cover Any material other than dirt used to cover a landfill at the end of each day. Alternative-fuel vehicles are those powered by low-polluting fuels other than petroleum products. Gas-electric hybrids are part of this group as are vehicles running on hydrogen. Aquifer Underground rock formations holding water that is supplied to wells and springs. Automatic fixture sensors Sensors that turn water-using fixtures on or off when motion, such as a moving hand underneath a faucet, is detected. They can be hard-wired or battery powered. Baseline irrigation water is the normal amount of water commonly used in a given area to water use plants. Bicycle racks Storage racks and lockers for bicycles. Biochemical oxygen Measures how rapidly living organisms use up oxygen in water. This is demand used in water quality management and assessment and environmental science. Biodiversity The variety of life in all forms. Biofuel-based systems run on organic materials such as wood. For LEED purposes, bio-fuels include untreated wood waste, crops, animal and other organic waste and landfill gasses. Biological control uses chemical or physical water treatments to prevent bacterial growth in cooling towers. Biomass is plant material that can be converted into energy. Blackwater is not universally defined, other than that it includes water from toilets and urinals. Wastewater from other hygiene sources may be considered blackwater by local or state building codes. Bleed-off or blowdown is the release of solids in a cooling tower. This is done by releasing some of the towers recirculating water. Bleed-off rate refers to the frequency bleed-off occurs. It varies depending on the water content and scaling tendency of the water being used. Breathing Zone The part of an occupied room from 3 to 72 inches off the floor and more than 2 feet from walls or fixed air-conditioning equipment as per ASHRAE 62.1-2007. Brownfield Land whose former use resulted in potential pollution or the presence of hazardous substances.
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Building Automation These systems use computer controls to monitor and control building Systems subsystems for maximum operating efficiency and reporting. Building Footprint The area covered by the project building itself, not parking, landscaping or other facilities. Building operating plan A document covering the intended operation of each building base system. It includes schedules, set points and monitoring conditions throughout the building. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Measuring these breathing exhaust gas levels indicates ventilation levels effectiveness. Concentrations above 530 ppm (parts per million) show inadequate ventilation, while concentrations above 800 ppm show poor air quality. Carpool Two or more people sharing a vehicle. Chain-of-custody tracks products from harvest or extraction to consumer end-use. Chemical runoff is water that takes chemicals from the project, including the surrounding hardscape, to local waterways. These chemicals can include petroleum products, antifreeze and salt. Chemical treatment uses chemicals to control rusting, biological growth and scaling in cooling towers. Other treatments such apply ultra-violet light, are considered healthier for humans. Chlorofluorocarbons are hydrocarbon coolants that damage the Earths ozone layer. (CFCs) Churn The movement of people within a space. Climate Change Any significant change to a given climate over 10 years or more. Coatings A substance applied to protect or beautify a surface as per SCAQMD Rule 1113. Combined heat and Another term for cogeneration where heat and electricity both come power from one fuel source. Comfort Criteria Design conditions for human comfort based on temperature, humidity, clothing and anticipated activity. Commingling recycling allows people to put different materials in one container for later sorting and recycling at a sorting facility. commissioning cycle refers to the schedule of commissioning phases. These include investigation and analysis, implementation and ongoing commissioning. Common pollutants include carbon dioxide (CO2) sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO2) Mercury (Hg), small particulates (PM 25) and large particulates ( PM10). Completed design area The total finished area of a project excluding windows and doors.
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Composite wood is made from several materials and agrifiber products are made from plant fibers. These materials are: particleboard, mediumdensity fiberboard (MDF), plywood, oriented-strand board (OSB), wheatboard, strawboard, panel substrates and door cores. Composting toilets use microbes and heat to turn human waste into fertilizer. Comprehensive This act taxes the chemical and petroleum industries to clean up Environmental Response, abandoned or historic waste sites. Compensation and Liability Act (aka Superfund) Compressed workweek increases the number of hours worked in one day and cuts the number of days worked. For example, working four 10-hour days instead of five 8-hour days. Concentrate A cleaning product that must be diluted before being used. See the Green Seal GS-37 standard. Conditioned space The part of a building that is heated, cooled or both for occupant comfort as per ASHRAE 62.1-2007. Constructed wetland An artificial system designed to simulate the water treatment effects of wetlands and remove any pollutants. Construction and refers to all waste and reusable materials from construction, demolition, demolition (C&D) debris deconstruction or renovation of existing buildings. Construction IAQ A plan to minimize air contamination caused by building construction. management plan It includes procedures to remove these contaminants before occupancy. Construction, demolition includes waste and reusable materials from construction, demolition, and land clearing (CDL) deconstruction or renovation of existing buildings plus all soil and debris organic matter on the site. Cooling towers are equipment using water to absorb heat from other sources, such as air-conditioning systems. Critical Visual Tasks These include reading and using computer monitors. Curfew hours Locally-set times when lighting restrictions take effect. The default time is 10 p.m. Daylight factor The percentage of exterior illumination to interior illumination. Variables include floor area, window area, window design, visible transmittance and window height. Daylight glazing is a vertical window 76 above the floor. Windows at this height are most effective at sending daylight deep into buildings. Daylighting is the controlled admission of natural light to reduce or eliminate the need for artificial light.
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Declarant The LEED project team member qualified and authorized to submit a credit template. Densely occupied space Refers to an area with 40 square feet or less of floor space per person. Density factor (kd) is a mathematical term that modifies the Evapotranspiration Rate to reflect the use by a particular plant or group of plants. Design light output is the output of light from lamps at 40% of their useful life. Development footprint The area impacted by the project site, which includes parking, landscaping, roads and other facilities in addition to the building. Direct line of sight to This is the area mathematical calculation to verify a given area allows perimeter vision glazing occupants to look outside. District energy system A central plant providing heating and cooling--but not electricity only-to multiple buildings. Drip irrigation uses low pressure to deliver water through a series of tubes directly to specific plants. This method uses less water than standard means and supplies water only to selected plants, not weeds or hardscape surfaces. Dry urinals Also known as non-water urinals and composting toilets, a water flush is replaced with a trap full of buoyant liquid that blocks sewer gas and odors from escaping. Durable goods are those with a useful life of at least two years, are not often replaced, and tend to be expensive. Furniture and appliances are examples. Ecological Restoration is the process of helping an area return to its pre-development condition in terms of plant and animal variations and populations. Ecologically appropriate Natural site elements that are historically appropriate for a given area, site features such as native vegetation, rock or bodies of water. economizer A device to increase the efficiency of major energy-using systems. Elemental mercury is pure mercury, with these vapors commonly used in fluorescent and other bulbs. Emissivity compares the ratio of lightor other forms of radiation, such as heat to the radiation from a black body at the same temperature. Energy audits identify: the amount of energy used, its purpose and opportunities for greater efficiency and lower energy costs. The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has three energy audit levels: Level I uses a walk-through analysis. Level II uses an energy survey and analysis. Level III uses a detailed analysis of investment-grade capital resource modifications. Energy models Also known as energy simulations, these computer representations allow users to estimate energy use. It allows various systems to be compared for performance with a baseline.
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EnergyStar rating is a measure of a buildings energy performance compared to those with similar characteristics. A 50 score is average building performance. Entryway systems Open floor grates or grilles designed to capture potential pollutants from people entering a building. Environmental Tobacco (also known as secondhand smoke) refers to all forms of tobacco smoke Smoke (ETS) exhaled, or allowed to be released into the air, by smokers. Erosion is the process by which hard materials are loosened or dissolved, such as turning stone into soil. Evapotranspiration Rate is the amount of water lost from plant surfaces over time. It is expressed (ET) in millimeters per unit of time. Exhaust Air Air removed from a building. Existing building or retrocommissioning requires creating a plan that identifies current commissioning building operating needs, tests existing systems to see if they meet those needs, then makes any needed changes or repairs. Facility Manager A person who oversees multiple building environmental systems. Fairtrade products are certified by FLO International as meeting set environmental, labor and development standards. Fly ash The solid waste from an incinerator, which can be used in concrete. Food Alliance certificates apply to items from sustainable farms and ranches producing natural products, use strong environmentally-friendly controls and are committed to sustainable practices. Formaldehyde In high concentrations, this natural VOC compound can cause a variety of ailments in humans. Fuel-efficient vehicles are those earning a score of 40 or more on the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy annual vehicle rating guide. Full Cutoff A light source where the light output (in lumens) does not exceed 2.5% at 90 degrees above nadir and 10% above 80 degrees. Full Disclosure A listing of all chemical ingredients making up at least 1% of a product and their concentrations. This refers specifically to chemicals known or suspected of causing cancer. Concentration range definitions are available through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Fully shielded light are attached to outside light sources and built so light travels downward fixtures only. Furniture, fixtures and Refers to all movable items not part of the base building such as desks, equipment (FFE) computers and portable lights. Geothermal energy Energy produced by natural hot water sources such as geysers.

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Geothermal heating These systems use geothermal energy to heat or cool buildings. systems Glare Excessively bright light sources. Glazing Factor The ratio of interior light at a specific point on a specific plane under known overcast skies. The variables used by LEED area the floor area, window areas, window geometry, visible transmittance and window height. Green Cleaning refers to sustainable and environmentally-friendly cleaning products and methods. Group Multi-occupant Classrooms, meeting rooms and other spaces where people share Spaces lighting and temperature controls. Excluded are open offices with individual workstations. Halons are chemicals used in fire fighting systems and extinguishers. These chemicals also damage the ozone layer. Hardscape refers to the non-plant elements of the landscaping. These elements include pavement, concrete, brick, tile and other hard surfaces. Heat island effect refers to the absorption of heat by dark surfaces, such as buildings, then radiating that heat into nearby areas. High-efficiency remove 99.97% of .3-micron particles from the air. particulate air (HEPA) filters Horizontal view at This is the mathematical calculation to verify a given area allows seated appropriate eye height occupants (42 inches above ground) to look outside. Section drawings including furniture are part of this calculation. HVAC systems Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning systems that provide thermal comfort inside a building. HVACR systems Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration systems inside a building. Hydro energy Energy supplied by water flowing downhill, such as that generated by water running through a turbine below the surface of a dam. Hydrochloroflourocarbons are cooling chemicals used in building equipment. They damage the (HCFCs) ozone layer, but not to the extent of CFCs. Hydroflourocarbons are cooling chemicals that do not damage the ozone layer but may (HFCs) contribute to global warming. Hydrology The study of water occurrence, movement and balances. Impervious surfaces do not allow water to penetrate below the surface. Imperviousness is the resistance of a material to penetration by a liquid such as water.
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In situ remediation Treats contamination at the site using minimally invasive methods. Incinerator A furnace for burning waste. Individual Occupant Private offices and open areas with many workers. Workspaces Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) The quality of air being circulated within a building as it affects building occupants. At least 80% cannot be dissatisfied with the air quality. Infiltration Uncontrolled air leaking into indoor spaces caused by the same pressure changes that permit exfiltration as per ASHRAE 62.1-2007. Infiltration basins and Devices that help stormwater settle into the ground. The basins must trenches clear within 72 hours. Infrared emittance is the ability of a material to shed heat, as measured on a scale of 0 to 1. Materials that are rough and darksuch as concreteare at the high end of the scale, while shiny surfacesclean, untarnished, steeltends to be at the low end. Installation inspections Checks building systems and confirms they are ready for performance testing. Integrated Pest uses knowledge about the environment, pests and pest prevention and Management (IPM) control to minimize both costs and hazards to the environment, people and property. Interior lighting power Measured in watts, this is the maximum power that can be used to light allowance a building. Invasive plants are aggressive, reproduce rapidly and tend to overrun areas, forcing out native species. Irrigated land Land watered by artificial means. Lamp life The useful operating span of a lamp. Lamps Products that use electricity to produce light. Landfills A disposal site where waste is buried. Landscape area The total site area used for landscaping purposes excluding the building footprint, hardscape areas, water bodies, parking, etc. leakage rate is the speed by which a device loses coolant. It is measured between charges or over 12 months. The rate is shown as a percentage of the devices full charge that would be lost over 12 months if the rate was steady. (EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608). Least toxic chemical meet the Tier 3 hazard controls for the City and County of San pesticides Franciscos hazard screening protocol. This definition also applies to pesticidesexcluding rodent baitapplied in a self-contained device in an inaccessible location.
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LEED Accredited are people who have passed the LEED professional test. Professionals (LEED APs) Legionella pneumoplia is a bacteria carried in water that causes Legionnaires disease. It grows in slow-moving or still warm water. Life-cycle assessment analyzes a product, process or services environmental aspects and impacts. Life-cycle costing is an accounting method used to assess the economic performance of an item or group of items over its life. This method considers operating, maintenance and other costs. Light pollution is waste light directed into the night sky or off-site. Light trespass Light from a site that causes annoyance, discomfort or loss of visibility. Lighting power density The per unit installed light power. Low-emitting vehicles Vehicles reaching the California Air Resources Control Boards zeroemissions vehicle standard. lumen is a unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted in a solid line from a source of one candle intensity. Makeup water Water used by cooling systems to replace that which has been lost. Management Staff People involved in operating and maintaining a building as differentiated from those who work in it. Marine Stewardship applies to products meeting certain principles and criteria for Councils Blue Eco-Label sustainable fishing. These producers also comply with relevant local, national and international laws and standards. Mass Transit Devices that move large numbers of people, such as trains or busses. Material safety data sheets list chemical ingredients. They can also include product safe handling, (MSDSs) storage and disposal instructions. Mechanical Ventilation Air circulated through mechanical means such as fans and blowers. Metering Controls Controls that limit the time water can flow, typically installed on bathroom faucets and showers. Methylmercury refers to several toxic compounds that accumulate in living beings, especially at the upper ends of a food chain. Microclimate factor (kmc) is a mathematical term used to adjust the Evapotranspiration Rate to local climates. Microirrigation Irrigation using small sprinklers, microjets and drippers. Minimum efficiency is a filter rating established by ASHRAE 52.2-1999. Values range from reporting value (MERV) 1 (very low) to 16 (the highest).
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Mixed-mode ventilation combines natural and mechanical ventilation, using one method or the other, or a combination of the two. National Pollutant A permit program to control water pollution from industrial and Discharge Elimination municipal sources. System (NPDES) Native and adapted are plants native to a given area or those adapted to a given climate. vegetation They require less water, are no maintenance and benefit the habitat. Natural Ventilation Air circulated by natural means and without the aid of fans or blowers. Negative pressure uses mechanical devices to lower the pressure in a room, causing air to flow into it when doors are opened. This prevents ETS from escaping into common areas. Net present value is the total discounted value of all cash going in and out of a project or investment. Net project material value This figure includes the construction material value, the furniture and furnishing value, the lowest value for mechanical and electrical components and the salvage value. Non-occupied Spaces Areas typically used for storage of various items or mechanical devices. Nonpotable water (also refers to water unfit for human consumption that has not come into known as gray water) contact with human waste, but is adequate for other uses such as irrigation. Non-regularly Occupied Hallways, corridors, lobbies, break rooms and other areas where people Spaces do not spend extended periods of time. Occasional furniture Furniture found in lobbies and conference rooms designed for infrequent use. Off-gassing The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Off-Site salvaged Items recovered at one location and reused at another. materials On-demand water heaters only apply the amount of heat required for a users immediate needs. They use far less energy than traditional tank water heaters. Ongoing commissioning applies the commissioning process continually to maintain optimal building performance. Ongoing consumables are low-cost per unit items regularly used in business. These include most small office supplies. On-Site salvaged Items recovered and reused at the same location. materials Open-grid pavement Pavement that allows water to penetrate first into a coarse stone aggregate and then into the soil beneath.
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Outdoor air Air from the outside that enters a building as defined by ASHRAE 62.1-2004. Ozone A gas normally created at ground level through a reaction between nitrogen and VOCs in sunlight. Parking footprint The site area occupied by parking structures. Partially shielded light fixtures are outside light fixtures built so light travels horizontally or downward, but not upward. Perviousness is the percentage of a paved area that is open and allows water to enter the ground. Photovoltaic (solar) Energy from the sun converted by photovoltaic cells into electricity. energy Picogram is one trillionth of a gram. Picograms per lumen hour refers to the amount of mercury in a bulb per unit of light delivered during its useful life. Pollutants Common pollutants include carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), mercury (Hg), small particulates (PM25) and large particulates (PM10). Post-consumer content is the percentage of material made from recycled consumer waste. Post-consumer Fiber Recovered paper and fibrous wastes. Potable water to water meeting EPA standards for human consumption. PPM Parts per million, a measurement commonly used for distribution of an element in a gas or liquid. Pre-consumer content (also known as post-industrial content) is the percentage of material (also known as post- made from recycled manufacturing waste. Seed hulls and walnut shells industrial content) are included. Reclaimable items that are reworked, regrind or scrap generated in a process that be reused in the same process are not (see ISO 14021). Preferred parking Parking spaces that provide advantages to vehicle drivers, such as being close to buildings or being covered. Preventive Maintenance Routine inspections, cleaning and repairs that keep equipment in good working order. Previously developed sites These sites once had human structures or were modified by humans. Primer A material applied to surface improve bonding. Private or private use Plumbing fixtures intended for use by individuals or families, not the general public. Process water Water used for industrial processes and building systems.
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Property Manager The person in charge of building operations, maintenance and upkeep and who acts as the link between the owner and tenants. Protected Harvest certification reflects each crop and regions biodiversity. Each crop- and region-specific standard has three parts: production, toxicity and chainof-custody. Public or public use Plumbing fixtures intended for use by the general public, using stated flow rates. Public Transportation Bus, rail, light rail and other services designed to move large numbers of people on a regular basis and route. Rainforest Alliance certification is given to farms that plant trees, control erosion, limit agricultural chemical use, protect native plants, hire local workers and pay fair wages. Rapidly-renewable Agricultural products taking 10 years or less from initial growth to materials harvest. Rated power A units maximum power drawing capacity. Recirculated Air Air removed from one room and returned to another. Reclaimed water Wastewater cleaned and ready for reuse. Recommissioning applies to previously-commissioned buildings undergoing new construction or retrocommissioning. This process applies the original tests to ensure the original results are maintained. Recovered Fiber This covers post-consumer and post-industrial fibers that can be reused. Recovered fiber includes paper products recovered from material recycling facilities and manufacturing waste. Recycled content The proportion of recycled material in a product as per ISO 14021. Recycling The collection, reprocessing and reuse of materials recovered or diverted from waste streams. Refrigerants are fluids used to cool devices. Refurbished materials Used products that are updated and repaired to increase their lifespan. Regionally manufactured These items are assembled into final products within 500 miles of the products project site. Regionally-harvested and Those items harvested or extracted within 500 miles of the project site. processed materials Regular building Those people who spend 10 hours or more per week in a building, occupants including those who live there, Relative Humidity The ratio of water vapor in the air to the saturation density of water vapor at the same temperature and same pressure.
99

Remanufactured Items made into other products, such as plastic bottles turned into materials clothing. Renewable energy refers to energy that is not exhausted when use, as is the case with fossil fuels. Common renewable energy sources are solar, wind and water power. Wave and tidal systems are other forms often used both to generate electricity and remove salt from ocean water. Renewable energy are tradable commodities that prove electricity was generated by a certificates (RECs) renewable source. The certificates are sold separately from the electricity. Replacement value The estimated cost of replacing a used product. Resource Conservation This legislation allows the EPA to control hazardous waste from start to and Recovery Act finish. Retained components Portions of a building kept and reused in a new design. Retention ponds Ponds designed to store rain and snow for later use while letting pollutants settle to the bottom. Retrofit Updates to an existing building such as replacing older, inefficient equipment with newer products. Return Air Air moved from inside spaces and used elsewhere in the building or sent outside. Sealant An adhesive used to fill, seal or waterproof gaps or joints between two surfaces. Secure bicycle storage Spaces that keep bikes safe from theft. Sedimentation is the addition of dirt and rock particles to bodies of water, which decreases water quality and clarity. Sequence of Operations A detailed system-level document for each building system covering all stages of operation and variables. Setpoints are normal ranges for building systems and environmental quality. When measurements fall beyond those ranges, action is taken. Simple payback is the amount of time it takes to recover the initial investment through savings. Divide the initial cost by the annual savings to determine the simple payback period. Site Area The total area within a project boundary, both built and natural portions. Site Energy The total amount of heat and electricity purchased by a building. Soft costs Indirect construction costs such as architectural, engineering and permit fees. Solar reflectance is measured on a scale from 0 to 1. pure black has a solar reflectance of 0. Pure white has a solar reflectance of 1.
100

Solar reflectance index is a measure of a materials ability to reflect heat from the sun. Standard (SRI) black surfaces have a temperature increase of 900 F in full sunlight. White surfaces have a temperature increase of 14.60 F. Solar Thermal Systems Systems that use water heated by the sun. Source Energy Raw fuel used by a building, including that lost through transmission, delivery and production. Using this method permits a complete and total building energy assessment. Source reduction reduces the amount of unnecessary material brought into a building, such as packaging. Species factor The mathematical coefficient used to adjust the Evapotranspiration Rate to reflect features of a specific plant species. Standard Operating Detailed written instructions for normal operations. Procedures (SOPs) Stormwater runoff Rain or snowmelt that leaves project boundaries and is not absorbed into the soil. Stratified random breaks people into mutually exclusive groups, then a random sample is sampling take from each group. Submetering Measuring energy consumption by specific mechanical or electrical systems, such as heating or air-conditioning. Sustainable forestry Long-term forestry to meet human needs while maintaining forest plant and animal health. Sustainable purchasing Policies that prefer products with limited environmental impacts. They policies also give preference to companies with similar attitudes and behaviors. Sustainable purchasing are the systematic methods that result in the purchase of products with programs few if any environmental impacts. This program is aligned and supports a sustainable purchasing policy. Systematic Sampling A survey method using a regular skip interval to interview people. Systematic sampling queries people based on a set interval, such as every fourth person, to surveys achieve an accurate estimate of the topic at hand. Systems Narrative A general description of each major building heating, cooling, ventilation, humidification/dehumidification and lighting system. It covers the central plant, distribution and terminal units. Telecommuting uses computer technology to work from home or another location. Tertiary treatment Water treatment that removes organics, solids and other pollutants. Thermal Comfort Pleasant temperatures for residents. Total phosphorous Phosphates of various sorts, primarily from fertilizer, suspended in stormwater.
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Two-year, 24-hour design is the method used to plan stormwater facilities that can deal with the storm most rainfall expected in any 24-hour period during a two-year time span. Undercover parking Parking that is shaded by any means. Underground parking Parking beneath a stacked structure such as a building. Universal notification means letting building occupants know at least 72 hours in advance of applying a pesticide, 24 hours in an emergency. Notification is not required for least toxic pesticides. Urea formaldehyde A combination of two materials often found in glue that can emit formaldehyde at room temperature. USDA Organic certifies products contain at least 95% organic ingredients. Vegetation-containing refer to pots, planters or gardens. artifices Ventilation The movement of air through a building. It is measured in terms of cubic feet of air per minute divided by room volume. Visible Light The ratio of total light transmitted to total incident light. The higher Transmittance (Tvis) the value, the more incident light is passed through glazing. Vision glazing applies to windows between 26 and 76 off the floor. Windows above or below that do not count as vision glazing for EQ Credits 2.4 and 2.5. Volatile organic are chemicals that evaporate at room temperatures. The Green Seal compounds (VOCs) GS-11 Standard addresses specific compounds identified in the EPA Reference Test Method 24 (Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density Volume Solids and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings), Code of Federal Regulations Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A. Walk-off mats Mats placed just inside building entrances to capture contaminants such as dirt and water from people and equipment. Waste All materials capable of being diverted from the waste stream and recycled, composted or reused. Waste disposal The elimination of waste through any means except reuse and recycling. Waste diversion Removing waste from the waste stream and diverting it from landfills or incinerators. Waste Reduction Program A program to reduce waste flowing from a project to landfills and/or incinerators. It includes a list of steps that will be taken to reduce the flow and increase reuse and recycling. Tracking and review procedures are also part of the plan. Waste Stream The overall flow of waste from a building or site. Water meters Devices that measure water usage, generally cold water only.
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Wave and tidal power Energy captured by wave and tidal action that is turned into electricity. Wind energy Electricity generated by wind turbines. Xeriscaping is a landscaping method that does not require irrigation, allowing plants to be watered from rain and or use compost to retain moisture.

103

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Quick Reference Table

Credit Title EPA Construction General Permit NPDES Program ASTM E1527-05, Phase I Environmental Required for Site Assessment; 2. ASTM E1903-97, Schools Only Phase II Environmental Site Assessment U.S. Department of Agriculture Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Volume 6; 2. FEMA, definition of a 100-year flood; 3. Endangered species lists; 4. National Marine Fisheries Service, list of endangered marine species; 5. U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR, Parts 230-233 and Part 22, Definition of wetlands None NC, CS: 5; Schools: 4 1 for NC, Schools, No CS No Required for all No

Requirements

Referenced Standards & References

Eligible Points

Exemplary Performance

Decision Makers Civil engineer, landscape architect and general contractor Environmental professionals, regulators, general contractors Landscape architects, ecologists, environmental engineers, civil engineers, local professionals

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

Erosion, sedimentation control plan

Environmental Site Assessment

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Phase II if needed

Site Selection

Do not build in sensitive areas, endangered species habitat or former parkland

Development Density and Community Connectivity

Build on an existing site; use a site with 60,00 sf/net acre; SCHOOLS only: excludes PE, sports fields; OR use previously developed site; NC, CS additional: 10 services within 1/2 mile of main entrance; Schools additional 10 services within 1/2 mile of any entrance

Yes

Owner and developer

Brownfield Redevelopment

NC, CS: Build on a contaminated site; OR build on designated Brownfield site. Schools MUST complete SSP2 first

US EPA definition of brownfields; ASTM 1 for all E1527-05, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment; 2. ASTM E1903-97, Phase II Environmental Site Assessment

No

Developers, environmental consultants, local and state regulators

105

106
Referenced Standards & References EPA Construction General Permit NPDES Program ASTM E1527-05, Phase I Environmental Required for Site Assessment; 2. ASTM E1903-97, Schools Only Phase II Environmental Site Assessment U.S. Department of Agriculture Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Volume 6; 2. FEMA, definition of a 100-year flood; 3. Endangered species lists; 4. National Marine Fisheries Service, list of endangered marine species; 5. U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR, Parts 230-233 and Part 22, Definition of wetlands None NC, CS: 5; Schools: 4 Yes 1 for NC, Schools, No CS No Required for all No Civil engineer, landscape architect and general contractor Environmental professionals, regulators, general contractors Landscape architects, ecologists, environmental engineers, civil engineers, local professionals Eligible Points Exemplary Performance Decision Makers Owner and developer US EPA definition of brownfields; ASTM 1 for all E1527-05, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment; 2. ASTM E1903-97, Phase II Environmental Site Assessment NC, CS: 6; Schools: 4 No Developers, environmental consultants, local and state regulators Yes:. The architect, design team and client

Credit Title

Requirements

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

Erosion, sedimentation control plan

Environmental Site Assessment

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Phase II if needed

Site Selection

Do not build in sensitive areas, endangered species habitat or former parkland

Development Density and Community Connectivity

Build on an existing site; use a site with 60,00 sf/net acre; SCHOOLS only: excludes PE, sports fields; OR use previously developed site; NC, CS additional: 10 services within 1/2 mile of main entrance; Schools additional 10 services within 1/2 mile of any entrance

Brownfield Redevelopment

NC, CS: Build on a contaminated site; OR build on designated Brownfield site. Schools MUST complete SSP2 first

Alternative Transportation Public Transportation Access

None 1/2 mile of rail station; OR 1/3 mile of bus station; OR Schools only: 80% of K-8 students within 3/4 mile with pedestrian access; schools must have dedicated walking/biking lanes

Credit Title NC, Schools: 1; CS: 2 Yes: Architect, plumbing engineer (for showers), civil engineer, landscape architect

Requirements

Referenced Standards & References

Eligible Points

Exemplary Performance

Decision Makers

Alternative Transportation Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms

NC only: Secure storage for 5%, OR 15% None for residential projects; CS only: secure bike storage for 3%, showers for .5%; OR 15% bike storage for residential; Schools only: 5% secure bike storage for grades 3-up, dedicated bike lanes in 2 directions None NC, CS 3: 3 points; Schools: 2 points Yes:

Alternative TransportationLowEmitting, FuelEfficient Vehicles

NC, CS: ZEV preferred parking for 5%, 20% parking discounts; Schools ZEV preferred parking for 5%, designated carpool drop-offs; OR (NC, CS) alternative fueling stations for 3%, (Schools) 20% of bus, maintenance fleet; OR (NC only) provide fuel-efficient vehicles to 3%; OR (NC only) start fuelefficient vehicle sharing program 2 for all Yes.

Architect, design team, project owner, future building users

Alternative Transportation Parking Capacity

NC, CS: parking does not exceed minimum 2003 Institute of Transportation Engineers Parking Generation study requirements OR 5% of FTE for NC, 3% for CS; OR for residentialno new parking; mixed-use both previous requirements; Schools only: save 5% for car/ van pools; OR no new parking, OR 25% less than ITE Parking Generation Study None

Architect, design team, owner, local zoning and planning officials

Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat None

Greenfields: Limit disturbances to 40 feet of envelope; OR previously-worked sites: half of site or 20% of total area

1 for all

Yes.

Landscape architects, ecologists, environmental engineers, civil engineers and local professionals 1 for all Yes. Landscape architects, ecologists, environmental engineers, civil engineers, local professionals, vegetated roof designers, structural engineers

Site Development Maximize Open Space

Exceed local reqs by 25%; vegetation equal to footprint; OR vegetation = to 20% of site; wetlands count; SS2 sites can use vegetated roofs, pedestrian hardscapes

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108
Referenced Standards & References None 1 for all Yes. Civil engineer, landscape architect, project team Eligible Points Exemplary Performance Decision Makers None 1 for all Yes. Owner, architect, engineers, civil-mechanical engineers, landscape architects Landscape architect, architect and civil engineer, plus contractors Architect, landscape architect, civil-mechanical engineers, ecologist No lighting designer, landscape architect, civil engineer, architect, electrical engineer ASTM E408-71; ASTM C13171-04a; ASTM E903-96; ASTM E1918-97; ASTM C1549-04 ASTM E1980-01; ASTM E408-71; ASTM E903-96; ASTM E1918-97; ASTM C1549-04 1 for all 1 for all Yes. 1 for all Yes. None 1 for CS only No Architect, design team and building owner plus tenants 1 for Schools only No Project owner, architect and design team plus public 1 for Schools only Yes. City managers, town authorities, school boards, PTA, school principals and community members None None

Credit Title

Requirements

Stormwater Design Quantity Control

Stormwater management plan to prevent peak discharges; OR cut stormwater runoff by 25% for 1, 2-year storms

Stormwater Design Quality Control

Treat 90% of average rainfall; remove 80% of suspended solids

Heat IslandNon Roof

Treat 50% of site hardscape, SRI of 29+, open grid pavers with 50% perviousness; OR cover half of parking spaces

Heat IslandRoof

Roofing materials have SRI of 29 (lowslope) or 78 (steep-slope); OR vegetated roof on half; OR combination of the two methods

Light Pollution Reduction

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1Interior: Cut light going outside by 50% after hours OR shield lights after hours; 2007 exterior: do not exceed IESNA 90.1-2007; meet proper Lighting Zone requirements; not required for School playing fields

Tenant Design, Construction Guidelines

Create tenant document covering LEED energy, environmental topics

Site Master Plan

Earn 4 of 7 qualifying credits and apply them to school site master plan

Joint Use of Facilities

Provide public access to auditorium, gym, cafeteria, classrooms, playing fields, parking; OR create spaces for public use; OR allow students access to two nonschool spaces

Credit Title Energy Policy Acts of 1992, 2005; IAPMO/ American National Standards Institute UPC1-2006, Uniform Plumbing Code 2006, Section 402.0; International Code Council, International Plumbing Code 2006, Section 603, Design of Building Water Distribution System 2-4 for all No Required No Owner, architect, engineers, design team

Requirements

Referenced Standards & References

Eligible Points

Exemplary Performance

Decision Makers

Water Use Reduction

Cut water use by 20%, excluding irrigation

Water Efficient Landscaping

Cut potable water use by 50%; do not use None potable water for irrigation

Landscape designer, building owner architect, civil engineer, mechanical engineer, maintenance staff Yes. Owner, architect, engineers, design team

Innovative Wastewater Cut potable water use for septic by 50%; Technologies OR treat 50% of wastewater to graywater standards

Energy Policy Acts of 1992, 2005; IAPMO/ American National Standards Institute UPC1-2006, Uniform Plumbing Code 2006, Section 402.0; International Code Council, International Plumbing Code 2006, Section 603, Design of Building Water Distribution System Energy Policy Acts of 1992, 2005; IAPMO/ American National Standards Institute UPC1-2006, Uniform Plumbing Code 2006, Section 402.0; International Code Council, International Plumbing Code 2006, Section 603, Design of Building Water Distribution System None 2-4 for all

2 for all

Water Use Reduction

Cut water use by 20%-40%

Yes.

Owner, architect, engineers, design team

Process Water Use Reduction

Cut process water use by 20%

1 for Schools only Required for all

Yes. No

Architect and building owner Owner, users, occupants, operations and maintenance staff, design professionals, contractors, CxA

Fundamental Commissioning

Appoint a CxA; include commissioning in None project requirements and all documents; start commissioning; include a summary report

109

110
Referenced Standards & References ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007; ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides; New Building Institutes Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide EnergyStar Program, Target Finder Rating Tool Required for all No Project team U.S. EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Section Required for all 608, Compliance with the Section 608 Refrigerant Recycling Rule ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007; ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides New Buildings Institute Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide NC, Schools: 1-19; CS: 3-21 Yes. No Eligible Points Exemplary Performance Decision Makers Mechanical engineer, HVAC&R specialist and owner Design team, energy analyst, architect, mechanical engineer, LEED consultant, CxA ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.12007 None NC, Schools: 1-7; CS: 4 2 for all Yes. Owner, architect, engineer Yes. Owner, users, occupants, operations and maintenance staff, design professionals, contractors, CxA NC, CS: 2; Schools: 1 No Mechanical engineer, HVAC&R specialist None

Credit Title

Requirements

Minimum Energy Performance

Achieve a 10% ratings improvement for new buildings, 5% for renovations; OR (NC and CS) ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide path; Schools only: ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide path for schools; OR New Building Institutes Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide

Fundamental Refrigerant Management

Eliminate CFC use from all HVAC &R systems

Optimize Energy Performance

EA P2; Cut process energy costs by 12%-48%; OR (NC and CS) ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide; OR (Schools) ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 schools; OR Prescriptive Compliance Path: Advance Buildings Core Performance Guide

On-Site Renewable Energy

Use renewable energy for 1%-13%

Enhanced Commissioning

EA P1; CxA

Enhanced Refrigerant Management

Do not use refrigerants; OR do not use ozone-depleting refrigerants

Credit Title The International Performance Measure NC: 3; Schools: 2; & Verification Protocol Volume III, EVO CS: DNA 30000.1-2006: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, January, 2006 No Design team and building operators

Requirements

Referenced Standards & References

Eligible Points

Exemplary Performance

Decision Makers

Measurement and Verification

NC, Schools only: Create and use a Measurement & Verification plan with International Performance Measure & Verification Protocol Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April, 2003: Option D; OR same source, option B CS only: 3 The International Performance Measure & Verification Protocol Volume III, EVO 30000.1-2006: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, January, 2006 No

Measurement and VerificationBase Building

Create and use a Measurement & Verification plan with International Performance Measure & Verification Protocol Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April, 2003: Option D, PLUS infrastructure details; OR (above) Option B plus infrastructure details CS only: 3 The International Performance Measure & Verification Protocol Volume III, EVO 30000.1-2006: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, January, 2006 Center for Resource Solutions, Green-e Product Certification Requirements 2 for all No

Design team and building operators

Measurement and VerificationTenant Submetering

Expandable electronic metering network; AND M&V plan; AND fixing problems

Design team and building operators

Green Power

ALL: 2yr contract for 35% green power; Schools only: power only credited to one project; CS only: must be 15% of total gross building square footage; OR (CS only) use Department of Energys Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey database None None

Yes.

Project team, owner

Storage, Collection of Recyclables

Recycling area for occupants

Required NC: 1-3; Schools: 1-2; CS (MR Credit 1) 1-5

No Yes.

Recyclables haulers, owner, project team Owner, project team, architect

Building Reuse Reuse existing building structure and Maintain Existing envelope; does not apply to additions 2x Walls, Floors and Roof size of original (NC) or 6x (CS)

111

112
Referenced Standards & References NC, CS: 1; Schools: DNA 1-2 for all NC, Schools: 1-2; CS: 1 Yes. Yes. No Architect, owner Eligible Points Exemplary Performance Decision Makers None None Project team, general contractor Owner, architect, design team, contractor International Standard ISO 14021-1999, 1-2 for all Environmental Labels and Declarations Self-Declared Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labeling) 1-2 for all Yes. Yes. General contractor and subcontractors; the architect; the project team Architect, general contractor None Forest Stewardship Council Principles and Criteria ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 NC, Schools: 1; CS: DNA 1 for all Required Yes. Yes. No Architect, general contractor Owner, architect, design team, contractor architect, mechanical engineer, building owner, tenants, facility manager and maintenance personnel

Credit Title

Requirements

Building ReuseMain Reuse 50% of interior elements; does not None Interior Nonstructural apply to additions 2x size of original (NC) Elements

Construction Waste Management

Recycle or salvage 50% or 75% of site materials except soil, excavation items

Materials Reuse

NC and Schools: Reuse 5% or 10% of existing materials from site by cost; CS: Reuse 5%; ALL excludes mechanical, electrical, plumbing, appliances, elevators

Recycled Content

Value of post-consumer and pre-consumer recycled content of 10% or 20%; excludes mechanical, electrical, plumbing, appliances, elevators

Regional Materials

Use materials extracted, harvested, None recovered, manufactured within 500 miles for 10% or 20%; excludes mechanical, electrical, plumbing, appliances, elevators

Rapidly Renewable Materials

Use rapidly renewable sources for 2.5% of building materials

Certified Wood

Use 50% FSC-Certified wood for structural components

Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

Use tougher of either local codes or ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 for mechanically ventilated spaces; CS only: these spaces must be able to meet future needs; OR ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 Section 5.1 for naturally-ventilated spaces

Credit Title ANSI/ASTM E779-03; Residential Manual for Compliance with Californias 2001 Energy Efficiency Standards, Chapter 4 Required No Facility manager, property manager, owner, groundskeeper

Requirements

Referenced Standards & References

Eligible Points

Exemplary Performance

Decision Makers

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control

NC, CS: Prohibit smoking; OR prohibit smoking in common areas and have designated smoking rooms; OR (residential) prohibit smoking indoor and on balconies, seal all smoking rooms; Schools only: prohibit smoking and within 25 feet of building openings Schools only No

Minimum Acoustical Performance

ANSI Standard S12.60-2002; ASHRAE Keep background noise below 45dBA Handbook, Chapter 47 in classrooms; AND use noise reduction coatings on ceilings in smaller classrooms; OR keep reverberation times to 1.5 seconds or less in rooms 20,000 cubic feet ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 1 for all No

Architects, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, contractors, teachers, school staff

Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

Alarm when CO2 levels are off by 10%; AND-mechanical spaces- place CO2 monitors 3-6 feet above floor in rooms w 25 people/ 1000 sf; OR use CO2 monitors in all naturally ventilated rooms ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007; CIBSE) Applications Manual 10: 2005 CIBSE Applications Manual 10-2005, Natural Ventilation in Non-Domestic Buildings 1 for all

Design team, mechanical engineer

Increased Ventilation

Mechanically-ventilated spaces: boost breathing zone airflow rates to 30% above ASHRAE 62.1-2007 standards; Naturallyventilated spaces meet Carbon Trust Good Practice Guide 237 standards; AND Either meet CIBSE) Applications Manual 10: 2005 requirements OR use computer model for 90% of occupied areas

No

Project team, building owners and designers, occupants

113

114
Referenced Standards & References SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for Occupied 1 for all Buildings Under Construction, 2nd Edition. Chapter 3, Nov. 2007 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999: Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size Yes NC, Schools: 1; CS: DNA No Project team, subcontractors, field staff Eligible Points Exemplary Performance Decision Makers IAQ specialist, industrial hygienist, the general contractor. South Coast Air Quality Management 1 for all District (SCAQMD) Rule 1168; Green Seal Standard 36 (GS-36), effective Oct. 19, 2000 No Owner Green Seal Standard GS-11; Green Seal Standard GC-03; SCAQMD Rule 1113; (Schools only) California Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers 1 for all No Owner

Credit Title

Requirements

Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan During Construction

IAQ management plan meets SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2nd Edition 2007, ANSI/SMACNA 008-2008 (Chapter 3); use MERV 8 filters; keep items dry; Schools only: prohibit construction crew smoking inside and within 25 once building is enclosed

Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan Before Occupancy

US EPA Compendium of Methods for Create IAQ management plan and use the Determination of Air Pollutants in it just before occupancy. EITHER flush out building with 14,000 cf of air/sf; OR Indoor Air EPA Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air testing procedures

Low-Emitting MaterialsAdhesives and Sealants

NC, CS: Meet SCAQMD Rule 1168 requirements OR use a VOC budget. Schools meet California Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers.

Low-Emitting MaterialsPaints and Coatings

NC and CS: Interior paints and coatings cannot exceed SCAQMD Rule 1113 limits; Schools meet California Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers.

Credit Title Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label Plus Testing Program; SCAQMD Rule 1168; SCAQMD Rule 1113l FloorScore; State of California Standard 1350, Section 9; California Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources; State of California Standard 1350, Section 9. 1 for all No Owner

Requirements

Referenced Standards & References

Eligible Points

Exemplary Performance

Decision Makers

Low-Emitting MaterialsFlooring Systems

NC, CS: Carpet meets Green Label Plus standards, pads meet Green Label standards, adhesives meet IEQ C4.1 requirements, hard surface finishes meet SCAQMD Rule 1113 rules, tile adhesives meet SCAQMD Rule 1168 standards, or have non-carpet be FloorScore certified; OR (all rating systems) meet California Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers requirements. California Department of Health Services 1 for all Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers No Owner

Low-Emitting NC, CS: do not use added ureaMaterialsComposite formaldehyde resins in composite wood products; Schools: meet California Wood Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers

Low-Emitting MaterialsFurniture and Furnishings

Classroom furniture less than 1 year old must be EITHER GREENGUARD certified; OR air cannot exceed ETV Large Chamber Test Protocol for Measuring Emissions of VOCs and Aldehydes standards; OR have an independent lab follow ANSI/BIFMA M7.1-2007 and ANSI/BIFMA X7.12007 protocols

ANSI X7.1-2007; ETV Large Chamber Test Protocol for Measuring Emissions of VOCs and Aldehydes; GreenGuard Certification Program

1 for Schools only

No

Owner

115

116
Referenced Standards & References California Department of Health Services 1 for Schools only Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers No Owner Eligible Points Exemplary Performance Decision Makers ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999 1 for all No Design team, architect, mechanical engineer and commissioning team Architect, lighting designer, occupants, electrical engineers, lighting installers, the commissioning authority, owner, building maintenance staff, property managers None NC, Schools: 1; CS: DNA No ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007; ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 1 for all No Building designers, future occupants, property managers, building engineers 1 for all No Design team, owner ASHRAE Standard 55-2004; CIBSE Applications Manual 10-2005, Natural Ventilation in Non-Domestic Buildings; (Schools only) ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook, 2003 edition, Chapter 4

Credit Title

Requirements

Low-Emitting MaterialsCeiling and Wall Systems

Indoor sheetrock, acoustical ceiling tile systems, wall coverings must meet California Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small Scale Environment Chambers requirements

Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control

Keep outside pollutants from entering building using entryway systems, exhaust systems, MERV air filters

Controllability of SystemsLighting

NC only: lighting controls for at least 90% of occupants. Schools only: lighting controls for 90% of offices and occupied spaces; AND lighting controls for group spaces; AND classroom lighting at normal, AV levels

Controllability of SystemsThermal Comfort

Individual temperature controls for 50%; controls for group spaces; CS only must use mechanical or natural ventilation systems

Thermal Comfort Design

All: meet ASHRAE 55-2004 standards; Schools only: meet Typical Natatorium Design Conditions defined in the ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook; CS only: let tenant build-outs earn this credit

Credit Title ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 NC, CS: 1 plus IEQ C7.1 No Design team, building operations team, owner agent or commissioning authority

Requirements

Referenced Standards & References

Eligible Points

Exemplary Performance

Decision Makers

Thermal Comfort Verification

NC, Schools: earn IEQ C7.1; thermal comfort survey; fix problems if 20% problems. NC only: permanent monitoring system for non-residential buildings ASTM D1003-07e1, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics NC, CS: 1; Schools: 1-3 Yes.

Daylight and Views Daylight

Schools only: provide daylighting for 75% or 90% of classroom spaces OR 75% of all other spaces; NC and CS: 75% daylighting; ALL: use computer simulation; OR use prescriptive method; OR perform measurements; OR use a combination of these methods None 1 for all Yes.

Owner, architect, engineers, landscape architect, design and construction teams, occupants, facility managers

Daylight and Views Views ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard S12.60-2002; Schools only: 1. ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47, Sound NC, CS: DNA and Vibration Control, 2003 HVAC Applications EPAs Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers, EPA reference number 402-F-91-102 Schools only: 1. NC, CS: DNA NC, CS: 1-5 points; Schools: 1-4 points 1 for all

Let 90% of occupants to look outside; CS only: include tenant layout

Architect, civil engineer, landscape architect, owner. Yes.

Enhanced Acoustical Performance

Meet STC requirements of ANSI Standard S12.60-2002; AND keep background noise in learning areas below 40dBA

Mold Prevention

Earn IEQ Credits 3.1, 7.1 and 7.2; AND keep humidity below 60% at all times; IAQ management plan

Yes.

Mechanical engineer, lead building engineer No Project team

Innovation in Design

None Create innovations in designs. Include intent, requirements, required documents, strategies; OR meet Exemplary Performance requirements with 3 point cap. LEED AP None

LEED AP

Have 1 LEED AP on team

No 1 for Schools only No

None Teachers, school administrators and the project team.

School as a Teaching Tool

Create curriculum using LEED features as teaching tools; must be approved by administrators; meet all state, local teaching standards; provide 10 hours of instruction/ year

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118
4 maximum No None

Regional Priority

Meet USGBC Regional Council priorities None

Sample Test #1

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1. Since its inception in 1993, the USGBC has played a vital role in providing a leadership forum and a unique, integrating force for the building industry. USGBCs programs have three distinguishing characteristics. What are they? (Choose 3) A Committee-based B Government-based C Member-driven D Consensus-focused E Industry-driven

2. What is the 100-Year Flood, as defined by FEMA? (Choose 1) A The flood elevation with a 1% chance of being met or exceeded each year. B The most significant flood in a 100-year period. C An elevation that is continuously flooded for 100 years. D The flood elevation with a 100% chance of being met or exceeded each year.

3. Which of the following is NOT considered a basic service for community connectivity? (Choose 1) A Bank B Park C Hair Salon D Church E None of the 4 answers are correct

4. Which of the following are requirements of IDc1, Innovation in Design? (Choose 4) A Proposed intent B Proposed standard(s) C Proposed requirements D Proposed submittals E Proposed design approach F Results of credit implementation

5. For a building to earn LEED certification or re-certification, which one of the following statements is true? (Choose 1) A The applicant project must satisfy only the prerequisites in the credit categories for which the project attempts to achieve and qualify for a minimum number of points to attain an established project rating B The applicant project must satisfy all the prerequisites and attempt to achieve all credits to attain an established project rating C The applicant project must attempt to satisfy all prerequisites and qualify for a minimum number of points to attain an established project rating D The applicant project must satisfy all the prerequisites and qualify for a minimum number of points to attain an established project rating

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6. Which of the following are considered sensitive areas for new building projects and should be avoided if possible? (Choose 2) A B C D E Dilapidated urban areas Prime farmland Parks Scenic highways Hilltops

7. According to the Energy Policy Act of 1992, which pair represents the maximum flush rates (GPF) for water closets and urinals, respectively? (Choose 1) A B C D 1.6, 1.0 2.5, 0.5 2.0, 1.5 1.4, 1.0

8. For a LEED Project, 10 different paint types were used. Unfortunately 2 of the paints have VOC contents above the limits specified by SCAQMD Rule #1113. Which of the following is true? (Choose 1) A B C D No credit for low-emitting paints can be achieved Re-painting with low-VOC paints will allow achievement of credit A weighted-average method can be applied to determine achievement an additional 1EQ credit must be earned as compensation

9. Recycled content value is derived by the following equation: (Choose 1) A B C D % post-consumer content + % pre-consumer content % post-consumer content + 0.5% pre-consumer content 0.5% post-consumer content + 0.5% pre-consumer content 0.5% post-consumer content + % pre-consumer content

10. Which three of the following activities in the commissioning process are only applicable to EAc3, Enhanced Commissioning? (Choose 3) A B C D E F Incorporate commissioning requirements into the construction documents Prepare for a review of building operation within 10 months of substantial completion Create a systems manual for future operating staff Complete a summary commissioning report Review the OPR and BOD for quality and completeness Conduct a commissioning design review of the OPR and BOD prior to the mid-construction documents phase

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11. There is an existing 100,000 square foot multi-tenant building with one owner. The owner is making substantial facility alterations including a 60,000 square foot building addition. The facility alterations include upgrades to mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. The owner has decided to seek LEED Certification. Given the above information, under which of the following LEED rating systems should the project pursue certification? (Choose 1) A B C D LEED for Commercial Interiors LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance LEED Core and Shell LEED for New Construction

12. The LEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) define the minimum characteristics that a project must possess in order to be eligible for certification under LEED 2009. These requirements define the categories of buildings that the LEED rating systems were designed to evaluate, and taken together serve three goals. What are the three goals of the LEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs)? (Choose 3) A B C D To give clear guidance to customers To protect the integrity of the LEED program To have more buildings become LEED Certified To reduce challenges that occur during the LEED certification process

13. In order to achieve IDc2, LEED Accredited Professional, at least how many members of the project team must be a LEED AP? (Choose 1) A B C D 1 2 3 4

14. Under the LEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs), the building must comply with minimum floor area requirements. What is the minimum floor area necessary to pursue LEED Certification? (Choose 1) A B C D 1,500 gross square feet of indoor, enclosed building floor area 2,000 gross square feet of indoor, enclosed building floor area 1,000 gross square feet of indoor, enclosed building floor area 2,500 gross square feet of indoor, enclosed building floor area

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15. Under LEED 2009 for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs), the building must comply with Minimum Occupancy Rates. The LEED project must be fully occupied (defined as average or typical occupancy expected during normal operations) for at least the 12 continuous months preceding certification application. Vacant tenant space measuring 25% or less of the building floor area is permitted, as time-averaged over the previous 12 months. For an apartment building, hotel, dormitory, convention center, classroom, sports facility, or similar structures, ordinary partial occupancy is permitted. At normal capacity, what percentage of floor area must be physically occupied? (Choose 1) A B C D 55% 65% 75% 85%

16. Under LEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs), the building must comply with a Minimum Building Area to Site Area Ratio. Note that the LEED project site area may be less than the total site area associated with the project building. The LEED project buildings total gross floor area must be no less than what percentage of the LEED projects site area? (Choose 1) A B C D E 5% 10% 25% 15% 2%

17. For LEED projects, which of the following items need to be recycled as a prerequisite? (Choose 3) A B C D E Corrugated cardboard Lightbulbs Batteries Glass Metals

18. What is the standard flush rate for water closets based on the Energy Policy Act of 1992? (Choose 1) A B C D E 2.5 GPF 2.1 GPF 1.3 GPF 1.6 GPF 1.0 GPF

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19. Which entity do project teams interact with for project registration and certification? (Choose 1) A B C D U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Not U.S.) Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)

20. Which of the following methods would reduce indoor pollutant sources? (Choose 1) A B C D Air hand dryers Permanent entry systems Vaccumed hallways None of the above

21. In LEED 2009 the allocation of points between credits is based on ________________________. Choose one from the list below to finish the sentence. (Choose 1) A B C D Weighted distribution based on analysis from Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs). The potential environmental impacts and human benefits of each credit with respect to a set of impact categories. Market driven factors. Cost benefit analysis

22. The LEED 2009 credit weightings process is based on the following parameters, which maintain consistency and usability across rating systems. (Choose 3) A B C D E F All LEED credits are positive, whole numbers; there are no fractions or negative values. All LEED credits receive a single, static weight in each rating system; there are no individualized scorecards based on project location. All LEED credits receive a single, static weight in each rating system; individualized scorecards may vary based on project location. All LEED rating systems have 100 base points; excluding Innovation in Design (or Operations) and Regional Priority. All LEED rating systems have 80 base points; excluding Innovation in Design (or Operations) and Regional Priority. Innovation in Design (or Operations) and Regional Priority credits provide opportunities for up to 15 bonus points.

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23. The LEED 2009 credit weightings process involves three steps. What are they? (Choose 3) A B C D E F A reference building is used to estimate the environmental impacts in 13 categories associated with a typical building pursuing LEED certification. A typical baseline building is used to estimate the environmental impacts in 13 categories associated with a typical building pursuing LEED certification. The relative importance of building impacts in each category are set to reflect values based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) weightings. The relative importance of building impacts in each category are set to reflect values based on the U.S. Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) weightings. Data that quantify building impacts on environmental and human health are used to assign points to individual credits. Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs) quantify building impacts on environmental and human health are used to assign points to individual credits.

24. Which one of the below most accurately describes what LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance was designed to do? (Choose 1) A B C D To certify the sustainability of inhabitants living in existing high-rise residential buildings. To certify the sustainability of ongoing operations of existing commercial and institutional buildings. To certify the longer term sustainability of new commercial buildings during the first two years of operations, defined as the performance period. To identify inefficiencies in existing building energy use and to then implement corrective action programs.

25. Which ASHRAE standard deals with ventilation to improve indoor air quality? (Choose 1) A B C D ASHRAE 55-2004 ASHRAE 62.1-2007 ASHRAE 52.2-1999 ASHRAE 90.1-2007

26. On average, LEED buildings use ____% to ____% less energy than conventional buildings, resulting in considerable reductions in operating budgets. Fill in the blanks. (Choose 1) A B C D 10% to 15% 15% to 20% 25% to 30% 30% to 40%

27. A low-emitting/fuel efficient vehicle is qualified according to: (Choose 1) A B C D 126 MPG Hybrid capabilities Clean Air Act American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy

28. Which of the following best describes the benefits of sustainable landscaping and other site management measures? (Choose 1) A Sustainable landscaping and other site management measures can halt erosion and sedimentation and reduce the size, complexity, and cost of stormwater management measures. Using native or adapted vegetation can minimize watering and maintenance. Composting landscape waste and using mulching mowers can significantly reduce disposal costs and landfill waste. Reducing the size on landscape and turf areas on site equates to less water and maintenance. Sustainable landscaping requires minimal fertilizers. Less fertilizer use is better for the microclimate.

B C D

29. Potable water is most accurately defined as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D Untreated house hold water that has not come into contact with toilet waste. Water from bathtubs, showers, wash basins and clothes washers. Waste water from toilets and urinals or water that has come into contact with food through a sink or dishwasher. Drinking water that is approved for human consumption.

30. For construction waste management, waste trips can be measured in: (Choose 2) A B C D Tonnage Truck loads Density Cubic Yards

31. Landscaping choices have a significant impact on a project site irrigation needs and water consumption. Which three landscaping choices below can help to minimize a site landscape irrigation needs over the lifetime of the project? (Choose 3) A B C D E F Minimize conventional turf grass Maximize conventional turf grass Use of invasive plants in landscape design Use techniques such as mulching, xeriscaping, and composting Do not use compost in soil mixed for landscaping. While the compost is nutrient rich, plants will require more water due to the poor water retention qualities of compost. Use of indigenous plants in landscape design.

32. Which three of the below are associated with efficient irrigation practices? (Choose 3) A B C D E F Water early or late in the day to minimize evaporation. Water during the hottest part of the day when plants and turf need the water most. This will maximize plant water uptake. Commission irrigation systems and controllers. Use of indigenous plants in landscape design Develop and follow a seasonal maintenance schedule to maintain a healthy landscape. Water all landscaping by hand 127

33. Which three of the below technologies are associated with high efficiency irrigation systems? (Choose 3) A B C D E F Drip irrigation Spray irrigation Mulching, xeriscaping, and composting Sprinkler irrigation Moisture sensors Clock timers

34. Which of the below best defines Species Factor? (Choose 1) A B C D A constant used to calculate the evapotranspiration rate. A constant used in calculating the landscape coefficient. It adjusts the evapotranspiration rate to reflect the climate of the immediate area. A constant used to adjust the evapotranspiration rate to reflect the biological features of a specific plant species. A coefficient used in calculating the landscape coefficient. It modifies the evapotranspiration rate to reflect the water use of a plant or group of plants, particularly with reference to the density of the plant material.

35. Which of the following types of water can be used for irrigation but not human consumption? (Choose 2) A B C D Captured rainwater Groundwater Wastewater treated to primary standards Graywater

36. Benefits of having a vegetated roof include the following: (Choose 1) A B C D E Stormwater management Habitat restoration Thermal insulation Stormwater management and Thermal insulation Stormwater management, Habitat restoration and Thermal insulation

37. Process water is most accurately defined as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D Water that is feed into a cooling tower system to replace water lost through evaporation, drift, bleed off, or other causes. Water that is approved for human consumption. Water that has been treated and purified for reuse. Water that is used for industrial processes and building systems such as cooling towers, boilers, and chillers.

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38. An energy audit identifies how much energy a building uses and the purposes for which it is used, and identifies efficiency and cost reduction opportunities. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) use three levels of energy audits. What are they? (Choose 3) A B C D E F Walk Through Analysis Commissioning Energy Survey and Analysis Metering Benchmarking Detailed Analysis of Capital-Intensive Modifications

39. The replacement of a chiller is considered not economically feasible if the simple payback of the replacement is greater than 10 years. How is simple payback figured? (Choose 1) A B C D Divide the cost of implementing the replacement by the annual cost avoidance for energy that results from the replacement and any difference in maintenance costs. Divide the cost of the new chiller equipment (minus labor) by the annual cost avoidance for energy that results from the replacement and any difference in maintenance costs. If the new equipment cost is equal to less than the energy cost savings over a ten-year period then the improvement is economically feasible. Divide the cost of the new equipment by 10 years. If the cost per year is less than the existing equipment maintenance cost than the improvement is economically feasible.

40. Which standard listed below governs refrigerant management and reporting? (Choose 1) A B C D ASHRAE, 105-2007 Clean Air Act, Title VI, Rule 608 EPACT, Title III, Rule 590 RCRA, 21-2006

41. The replacement of a chiller is considered not economically feasible if the simple payback of the replacement is greater than 10 years. Which one of the below is qualified to perform the simple payback analysis? (Choose 1) A B C D A consultant employed by the project owner or property manager LEED AP Independent third party (not directly employed by the building owner or property manager) Mechanical Engineer

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42. The ENERGY STAR program is most accurately described as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D It is a government-industry partnership managed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy. An energy rating system developed by the USGBC. An energy rating system developed by ASHRAE. It is a government-industry partnership managed by the IESNA and ASHRAE.

43. The U.S. Department of Energys Federal Management Program promotes several building operations and maintenance practices as no- or low-cost ways to achieve at least 5-10% improvement in energy efficiency. Choose three out of the list below. (Choose 3) A B C D E F Replacement of base building HVAC systems. Elimination of simultaneous building heating and cooling Purchase of Green-e Certified power Installation of Solar Panels Sensor calibration and application Staging and sequencing of boilers, chillers, and air-handling units

44. Which of the following methods help minimize the heat-island effect? (Choose 3) A B C D E Open-grid paving Covered parking with roof having SRI of 40 Tree shading within 8 years Tree shading within 5 years Covered parking with roof having SRI of 20

45. Which of the following best describes the benefits of effective on-site stormwater management practices? (Choose 1) A Effective on-site stormwater management practices let stormwater infiltrate the ground, thereby reducing the volume and intensity of the stormwater flows and helping to maintain the natural aquifer recharge cycle and assists in restoring depleted stream base flows. Effective on-site stormwater management practices capture and retain the entire 2 year 24 hour storm event on-site thereby reducing the impacts on the local municipality conveyance system. Effective on-site stormwater management practices reduce erosion and protect natural rivers and streams. Effective on-site stormwater management practices have less impact to the micro and macro climate.

B C D

46. Source Energy is most accurately defined as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D 130 The amount of heat and electricity consumed by a building, as reflected in utility bills. The total amount of raw fuel required to operate a building, it incorporates all transmission, delivery, and production losses for a complete assessment of the buildings energy use. Energy that is provided off site by an utility provider. It is the primary electrical service provided to the subject building.

47. The simple payback is the length of time required to recoup the initial investment from an operational improvement or capital investment. Which two pieces of information are required to calculate the Simple Payback Period (SPB yrs)? (Choose 2) A B C D Project cost ($) Annual operating savings ($) Total operational savings Interest rate (%)

48. Return on investment is the ratio of cost savings generated by an improvement or upgrade relative to the amount of money invested to perform the improvement. Which two pieces of information are required to calculate the Return on Investment (ROI %)? (Choose 2) A B C D Annual savings ($) Annual operating savings ($) Project cost ($) Interest rate (%)

49. A measurement and verification plan must cover at least what period of time after occupancy? (Choose 1) A B C D 18 months 24 months 6 months 12 months

50. Light Pollution Reduction identifies four Lighting Zones (LZ) and defines the maximum illuminance values for outdoor lighting allowable in each zone. Major city centers with high ambient illumination and population densities greater than 100,000 that are intended for thematic attractions, entertainment districts and major auto sales districts fall into which one of the following Lighting Zones (LZ)? (Choose 1) A B C D LZ 1 LZ2 LZ3 LZ4

51. Xeriscaping is most accurately defined as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A Landscaping that uses plants that are adapted to a given area during a defined time period and are not invasive. B A landscaping method that makes routine irrigation unnecessary. It uses drought adaptable and low water plants as well as soil amendments such as compost and mulches to reduce evaporation. C Landscaping that requires no irrigation water because there are only water storing plants used that store water during natural rain events. D Site landscaping using planters that are only watered by hand when needed. The remainder of the site is covered in mulches, rocks architectural features and pervious surfaces.

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52. The cost-benefit ratio determines the total financial return for each dollar invested in operational improvements and upgrades. Which two pieces of information are required to calculate the Cost Benefit Ratio? (Choose 2) A B C D Total operational savings ($ Annual operating savings ($) Project cost ($) Interest rate (%)

53. Preventative maintenance is most accurately described as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D A continuous, dynamic process intended to facilitate the efficient operation of a previously retro-commissioned building. Routinely scheduled equipment inspection, cleaning and repair conducted to prevent equipment failure and keep materials and systems in working order. The schedule of activities related to existing building commissioning, including the investigation and analysis, implementation, and ongoing commissioning. Changes to an existing facility, such as an addition or removal of equipment or an adjustment, connection or disconnection of equipment.

54. Off-site renewable energy sources are defined by which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Center for Resource Solutions Green-e Energy Montreal Protocol

55. If off-site renewable energy is purchased for a building but the power is not Green-e Energy Certified the power must meet two criteria to be eligible as off-site renewable energy in the LEED rating system. What are the two criteria? (Choose 2) The power must meet current green power performance standards. USGBC verification that the green power performance standards are being met by the power supplier over time (annually). C Independent third party verification that the green power performance standards are being met by the power supplier over time (annually). D The power must meet the current ENERGY STAR power performance standards. E The power must be generated by solar or wind. A B

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56. Under which international treaty, ratified in 1989, will nonzero ozone depleting potential (ODP) refrigerants be phased out by 2030? This includes the chlorinated refrigerants chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). (Choose 1) A B C D California Protocol Montana Protocol Montreal Protocol EPA, Title V, Section 204

57. Base building HVAC&R equipment is any equipment that is permanently installed in the building that contains more than ______ pound(s) of refrigerant. Fill in the blank. (Choose 1). A B C D 0.8 1 1.2 0.5

58. Some HVAC&R systems use natural refrigerants. Natural refrigerants are naturally occurring compounds that generally have a much lower potential for atmospheric damage than manufactured chemical refrigerants. Choose three natural refrigerants from the list below. (Choose 3) A B C D E F Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon monoxide (CO) Propane Ammonia(NH3) HCFC-123 R-12

59. When reporting building emissions LEED recognizes three protocols/standards for reporting that when used require no further analysis or elaboration. What are the three reporting standards recognized by LEED? (Choose 3) A B C D E World Resources Institute (WRI)/ Work business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Montreal Protocol EPA Climate Leaders Center for Resource Solutions Green-e Energy ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager

60. Greenhouse gases are most accurately defined as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D Gases that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared radiation emitted by the Earths surface, clouds, and atmosphere itself. A measure of a surfaces ability to reject solar heat, as shown by small temperature rise. The ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body at the same temperature. Gases that are used as refrigerants and cause depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. 133

61. A sustainable purchasing policy introduces environmentally conscious purchasing into building operations and maintenance practices. At a minimum, the sustainable purchasing policy must cover which one of the below product purchases? (Choose 1) A B C D 50% of all purchases for the building by cost, during the performance period. 75% of all purchases for the building by cost, during the performance period. Purchases within the building and site managements control. Ongoing Consumables and Durable Goods.

62. Which of the following is NOT an option for calculating projected energy use of a building? (Choose 1) A B C D Performance Rating method ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide ASHRAE 55-2004 Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide

63. Ongoing consumables have a low cost per unit and are regularly replaced in the course of business. Choose three examples of ongoing consumables from the list below. (Choose 3) A B C D E F Toner Cartridges Batteries Leaf Blower Fax Machine Computer Pens and pencils

64. Which of the following materials is NOT considered to have pre-consumer recycled content? (Choose 1) A B C D Composite board made with wood chips from a sawmill Wheel stops made with rubber scraps from a tire plant Carpeting made with recycled soda bottles Steel beams made with steel scrapes left over from the manufacturer

65. The Commissioning Authority (CxA) needs to review which documents for clarity and completenss before 100% construction documents (Choose 2) A B C D Basis of Design Systems Report Owners Project Requirements Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan

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66. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is and international certification and labeling system for products that come from responsibly managed forests and verified recycled sources. FSC has three labels for FSC-certified wood products. What are they? (Choose 3) A B C D E F 100% FSC Mixed Source FSC Recycled FSC FSC Certified FSC Silver FSC Gold

67. For the purposes of LEED, regionally extracted materials are raw materials taken from within a maximum ______ mile radius of the project site. Fill in the blank. (Choose 1) A B C D E 200 300 400 500 800

68. For the purposes of LEED rapidly renewable materials are agricultural products, both fiber and animal, that take 10 years or less to grow or raise and can be harvested in a sustainable fashion. Choose three examples of rapidly renewable materials from the list below. (Choose 3) A B C D E F Bamboo Flooring Slate tiles Wool Carpeting Oak Wood Flooring Linoleum Flooring Exposed Concrete Flooring

69. Which of the below is the independent testing program by the Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) that set standards for low emitting, carpets, adhesives and carpet pads? (Choose 1) A B C D FloorScore Green-e certified Green Label Plus Green Seal

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70. For the purposes of LEED, which program listed below sets the standards for non-carpet finished flooring such as vinyl, linoleum, laminate, wood, and ceramic flooring? (Choose 1) A B C D Green-e certified FloorScore Green Label Plus Green Seal

71. For the purposes of LEED, which standard listed below sets the not to exceed VOC and chemical component limits of paints and coatings? (Choose 1) A B C D Green Seals Standard GS-11 South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1168 Green Guard Green Label Plus

72. For the purposes of LEED, which standard listed below sets the not to exceed VOC content limits of adhesives and sealants? (Choose 1) A B C D South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1168 Green Seals Standard GS-11 Green Guard Green Label Plus

73. For the purposes of LEED, which standard listed below sets the not to exceed VOC content limits of aerosol adhesives? (Choose 1) A B C D South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1168 Green Seals Standard GS-36 Green Guard Bay Area Air Quality Management District Regulation 8, Rule 51

74. For the purposes of LEED, composite panels and agrifiber products must not contain what type of resin listed below? (Choose 1) A B C D Urea-formaldehyde Phenol-formaldehyde Polymeric Silicon

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75. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are most accurately defined as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D E Gases that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared radiation emitted by the Earths surface, clouds, and atmosphere itself. Gases that are used as refrigerants and cause depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. Substance used in fire suppression systems and fire extinguishers in buildings. These substances deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. A naturally occurring compound found in small amounts in animals and plants. Carbon compounds that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions (excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides and carbonate and ammonium carbonate). The compounds vaporize at normal room temperatures.

76. For the purposes of LEED, which entity below sets the voluntary industry guidelines for maximum mercury content in lamps? (Choose 1) A B C D American National Standards Institute (ANSI) National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA) Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

77. In terms of building waste and solid waste management which of the below most accurately describes source reduction? (Choose 1) A B C D It reduces the amount of unnecessary material brought into a building; i.e. packaging. It is a management activity that disposes of waste other that through incineration or the use of landfills. It is the overall flow of material into the building and then to a landfill, incinerator or other disposal site. It reduces the overall amount of consumable goods brought into a building.

78. For the purposes of LEED, base building elements are those that are permanently or semi-permanently attached to the building. Base building elements are mentioned in many of the credits for LEED and are especially important for waste stream management during facility renovations, demolitions, refits and new construction additions. Choose three base building elements from the list below. (Choose 3) A B C D E F Wall studs and insulation Mechanical systems Doors and windows Carpet and other flooring materials Elevators Plumbing components

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79. Which is NOT a commissioned system during the commissioning process? (Choose 1) A B C D Lighting Irrigation systems Solar Photovoltaics HVAC

80. LEED strategies to improve indoor environmental quality are most likely to accomplish which three things from the list below? (Choose 3) A B C D E F A reduction in liability for building owners An increase in building maintenance cost Increased production of building occupants A decrease in building value due to large upfront equipment costs An increase in the resale value of the building An improvement in the health of building occupants

81. With regard to indoor environmental quality, relatively high concentrations of CO2 are not known to cause serious health problems, but can lead to occupant drowsiness and lethargy. High indoor CO2 measurements may indicate which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D There is a leak in the fire suppression system That building ventilation rates should be increased That the building has poor insulation That tobacco smoke is making its way into the building

82. Which standard below is the current reference for Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality mechanically ventilated spaces (Ventilation Rate Procedure)? (Choose 1) A B C D ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 ANSI/ASHRAE 90.1-2007 ASTM E408 ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007, Section 6.2

83. It is documented that buildings that meet the minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance standards of ANSI/ ASHRAE 62.1 improve occupant comfort, well being, and productivity. It is true that increased mechanical ventilation rates may increase a building heating and cooling costs however there are several design strategies to mitigate these costs. Choose three mitigation design strategies used in conjunction with increased mechanical ventilation from the list below. (Choose 3) A B C D E F 138 Energy recovery ventilation Operable windows Variable speed return fans CO2 monitors Thermostat manual overrides Demand-controlled ventilation

84. Which figures are necessary to make calculations for water-efficient landscaping? (Choose 4) A B C D E Species factor Density factor Microclimate factor Topographic factor Landscape coefficient

85. Which standard below is the current reference for Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality for naturally ventilated spaces? (Choose 1) A B C D ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 ANSI/ASHRAE 90.1-2007 ASTM E408 ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007, Section 5.1

86. When conducting Indoor Air Quality testing before occupancy, which of the following contaminants are measured? (Choose 2) A B C D Carbon dioxide Particulates (PM25) Formaldehyde Carbon monoxide

87. For the purposes of LEED and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) control, building owners should prohibit smoking within how many feet of all building entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows? (Choose 1) A B C D 25 feet 50 feet 75 feet 100 feet

88. For the purposes of LEED indoor air quality best management practices - indoor air quality (IAQ) management program, the referenced standard to use for the development and implementation of an IAQ management program is which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 ASTM E408 EPA Indoor Air Quality Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM) ANSI/ASHRAE 90.1-2007

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89. There are three basic methods for ventilating buildings. Passive ventilation is an example of which one of the below? (Choose 1) A B C Mechanical ventilation Natural ventilation Mixed-mode ventilation

90. When monitoring C02 in a building, the sensors shall be located between ____ and ___ feet above the floor in densely occupied spaces. Fill in the blank. (Choose 1) A B C D 2 and 7 3 and 7 3 and 6 2.5 and 7.5

91. There is a standard method of testing general ventilation air-cleaning devices for removal efficiency by particle size. For the purposes of LEED, which current standard below presents methods for testing air cleaners for their ability to remove particles from the air stream and resistance to airflow? (Choose 1) A B C D ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 ANSI/ASHRAE 90.1-2007 ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2-1999 EPA Indoor Air Quality Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)

92. If permanently installed air-handlers are to be used during construction or renovation and indoor air quality (IAQ) is to be maintained to LEED standards which filter below is to be used at each return air grille? (Choose 1) A B C D MERV 8 MERV 10 MERV 13 MERV 16

93. Minimum acoustical performance is a prerequisite under which rating system? (Choose 1) A B C D Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance LEED-NC LEED for Schools LEED-CI

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94. For the purposes of LEED, and the development of an indoor air quality (IAQ) plan for an existing building under construction or renovation which standard below should be referenced? (Choose 1) A B C D ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Uniform Building Code (UBC): International Conference of Building Officials model building code. SMACNA Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Occupied Buildings under Construction, second edition, November 2007, Chapter 3 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

95. Thermal comfort exists when building occupants express satisfaction with the thermal environment. The environmental factors addressed are temperature, thermal radiation, humidity and air speed. For the purposes of LEED if occupant comfort for an existing building is to be assessed through an occupant survey which standard listed below specifies the combinations of indoor space environment and personal factors that will produce acceptable thermal environmental conditions? (Choose 1) A B C D ANSI/ASHRAE 55-2004 ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007, Section 5.1 ANSI/ASHRAE 90.1

96. For the purposes of LEED, vision glazing is most accurately described as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D Window area in a regularly occupied building space. That portion of an exterior window above 30 inches and below 90 inches that permits a view to the outside of the building. An exterior window that permits a view to the outside of the building. That portion of an exterior window above 2 feet and below 6 feet that permits a view to the outside of the building.

97. Visible light transmittance (VTL) is most accurately described as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D That portion of an exterior window above 30 inches and below 90 inches that permits a view to the outside of the building. The ratio of reflected solar energy to the incoming solar energy. The ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a blackbody at the same temperature. The ratio of total light transmitted to total incident light.

98. Which of the following spaces are considered regularly occupied spaces? ((Choose 3) A B C D E Bathroom Office Meeting room Closet Waiting room 141

99. LEED project registration provides which two of the following? (Choose 2) A B C D E F One free credit interpretation ruling One consultation with a USGBC project planner Access to online LEED credit templates Established contact between the USGBC and the designated project Support by the USGBC Technical Advisory Group (TAG) One point towards certification

100. Credit interpretation rulings (CIRs) set precedents for interpretation of LEED credits regarding specific strategies and applications. Which three of the below are true with regard to CIRs? (Choose 3) A B C D E CIRs can be reviewed by all USGBC members and non-members with registered projects. CIRs must be submitted in writing by mail. CIRs can be requested by any USGBC member at any time. CIRs can be requested through an online form. CIRs can be requested only by project team members with registered projects.

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Sample Test #2

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1. In terms of refrigerant management for LEED, a maximum threshold is set for what environmental impact(s) of the built environment? (Choose 1) A B C D E Chlorofluorocarbons Ozone depletion Global warming potential The combination of ozone depletion and global warming potential The combination of chlorofluorocarbons and ozone depletion

2. Which of the following may be examples of rapidly renewable materials, as defined by LEED? (Choose 3) A B C D E F Heart pine Bamboo Wool Composite wood panels Sawdust Linoleum

3. The U.S. Green Building Council recently announced that it will offer an IDc1 point for projects that implement which certification process? (Choose 1) A B C D E Biomimicry Cradle to Cradle Green Globes International Organization for Standardization GreenSpec

4. Which of the following standards describes the structure of a measurement and verification plan? (Choose 1) A B C D Center for Resource Solutions Green-e Product Certification Requirements IPMVP Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction The Energy Policy Act of 1992 CIBSE Applications Manual 10

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5. Which of the following two standards are referenced by the Materials & Resources section of Building Design and Construction? (Choose 2) A B C D Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label Plus Testing Program ISO 14021-1999 - Environmental Labels & Declarations Forest Stewardship Councils Principles & Criteria Center for Resource Solutions Green-e Product Certification Requirements

6. Which of the following are strategies that might best contribute toward controlling glare from natural daylight? (Choose 4) A B C D E F G Operable draperies & blinds Decreased building perimeter Electronic blackout glazing Fixed exterior shading devices Placement of private offices around perimeter Fritted glazing BIPVs

7. The highest form of wastewater treatment, which removes organics, solids, and nutrients in addition to providing biological or chemical polishing, is which of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D Underground effluence treatment Tertiary treatment Biological treatment Potable system filtering

8. Which of the following materials is post- or pre-consumer waste that is eligible to be counted as recycled content? (Choose 3) A B C D E Fly Ash Construction Debris Steel Slag Salvaged chair Rubber tire pieces

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9. Which of the following statements correctly describe how to achieve an innovation credit for a category not addressed by LEED? (Choose 3) A B C D E The innovation should utilize a standard not referenced by another LEED credit The innovation should address the entire project The innovation must include an education component The formula should not be unique to the project for which it was developed The project should demonstrate quantitative environmental/performance benefits

10. The ASTM standards referenced throughout LEED refer to all of the following traits except which two? (Choose 2) A B C D E F G Solar emissions Solar reflectance Solar absorbance Emittance Air leakage rate Air pollutant levels Site assessments

11. Which THREE of the following sets of data is required to document credit compliance using templates to achieve a point for the ID Credit 2, LEED Accredited Professional credit? (Choose 3) A B C D Name of LEED APs local chapter Name of LEED AP Name of LEED APs company Copy of LEED AP certificate

12. What is an aspect of the LEED Accredited Professionals role on a LEED project as defined in the intent of ID Credit 2, LEED Accredited Professional? (Choose 1) A B C D To advocate for the best environmental choices possible on a project. To efficiently provide interpretations of LEED requirements when needed. To support an integrated design process To ensure the integrity of the LEED process

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13. Which of the following materials include rapidly renewable content? (Choose 4) A B C D E F G H Bamboo cabinets Cotton insulated ductwork Landscaping plants with a less-than-10-year life cycles Cork flooring Rigid foam insulation with corn-derived binder Composite wood using saplings culled from an FSC-certified forest Straw-plastic composite decking Maple flooring

14. The project team on a university building in the design phase wants to earn strong scores in both the Energy and Atmosphere section of LEED, and the Indoor Environmental Quality section. What strategies would you recommend to help balance the key objectives in each of these two sections? (Choose 2) A B C D E F Increase air changes per hour Use a macroscopic, multi-zone, analytical model to predict key rates Use heat recovery ventilation Employ mixed-mode ventilation Use the Exceptional Calculation Method Specify displacement ventilation and occupancy sensors

15. A project team for a 15,000-square-foot office building in a suburban office park wants to earn as many anticipated credits as possible during the LEED design submittal. At the same time, it also wants to coordinate the entire construction process as much as possible in advance to help ensure compliance with credits that can only be submitted for the construction submittal. In which area of LEED does the latter concern predominate? (Choose 1) A B C D E Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources Indoor Environmental Quality

16. An existing building undergoing a major renovation is most likely a candidate for certification under which LEED rating system? (Choose 1) A B C D LEED for New Construction LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance LEED for Core and Shell LEED for Commercial Interiors

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17. Before submitting a CIR, a project team may want to do all of the following except: (Choose 1) A B C D Self-evaluate whether the project meets the credit intent Consult the LEED Reference Guide Contact LEED customer service to confirm whether a CIR is needed Prepare a detailed and comprehensive project narrative for submittal with the CIR

18. What tool is more appropriate for assigning project team roles on a LEED project? (Choose 1) A B C D Design submittal Construction submittal LEED Reference guide LEED-Online Scorecard

19. The following should be included with a projects LEED application (Choose 3) A B C D E Building measurements with metric conversions A check of credit card payment to the U.S. Green Building Council A list of all credits approved through CIRs Project narrative including three highlights Photos or renderings of the project

20. Following submittal of a LEED application for a 10-story apartment building, the USGBC issues a document denying you several credits, and selecting several other credits to audit. As the project manager trying to earn every possible credit, you have the option of doing the following: (Choose 1) A Appealing the denied credits B Submitting documentation for additional credits C Suspending your submittal for up to 60 days to make minor construction repairs that would reverse one of the denials D Requesting an audit of the denied credits 21. When can a project be referred to as LEED certified? (Choose 1) A B C D When a project has been registered with LEED When the Final LEED Review is delivered When the project team accepts the Final LEED Review When the LEED certificate and plaque are delivered

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22. Which are the conditions for submitting an appeal to LEED? (Choose 3) A B C D E After a credit has been denied in the Final LEED Review After a credit has been denied in the Preliminary LEED Review Within 60 business days of denial Upon paying $500 to USGBC per credit appealed Upon submitting a project narrative and three project highlights

23. What are the factors in determining a projects cost for LEED certification? (Choose 1) A B C D E USGBC membership LEED rating system (LEED-NC, LEED-EB, etc.) Project size Certification level being sought All 4 of the answers are correct

24. Which of the following are valid criteria for achieving an innovation credit in a category not otherwise specifically addressed by LEED? (Choose 3) A B C D E A point was awarded for another project for the same innovation The innovation includes an educational aspect The process or specification is comprehensive to the project being certified The formula developed for the credit is applicable to other projects The project demonstrates quantitative performance improvements for environmental benefit.

25. This type of water is wastewater from toilets and kitchen sinks that contains organic material. (Choose 1) A B C D Graywater Brownwater Potable Water Blackwater

26. Which of the following counts as process energy for the purposes of EAc1, Optimize Energy Performance? (Choose 3) A B C D E F
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Space heating Elevators and escalators Office equipment Parking garage lighting Kitchen hood exhaust Refrigeration

27. The interactions between the Indoor Environmental Quality category and another LEED-NC category are frequently cited. The requirements of which other category must often be balanced with those of IEQ? (Choose 1) A B C D Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources

28. Which LEED rating system would apply to a construction project that completely rehabilitates a building such that only the structure is retained? (Choose 1) A B C D LEED-NC LEED-EB LEED-CS LEED-CI

29. What facilities count as non-occupied spaces, as defined for the purposes of LEED? (Choose 2) A B C D E Janitorial rooms Office spaces Break rooms Reception areas Storage rooms

30. Exam tracks will be offered for which of the following LEED 2009 rating systems? (Choose 3) A B C D E F Building Design & Construction Interior Design & Construction LEED-Core and Shell LEED-Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance LEED-Schools LEED-Multiple Buildings & Campuses

31. Upon notification of LEED certification, how many days (______?) does the project team have to accept or appeal the award? How much does it cost ($_____?) to appeal an individual credit during this stage? (Choose 1) A B C D 25 days, $500 30 days, $750 15 days, $400 20 days, $150

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32. What are the primary functions of the LEED AP, according to IDc2? (Choose 3) A B C D E Handle every aspect of the LEED process Educate team members about green building design and construction Streamline the application and certification process Support and encourage design integration Be present from the beginning stages of project design

33. In determining water usage by building occupants, applicable to fixtures, what is the standard ratio of male to female occupants? (Choose 1) A B C D Two-to-one One-to-two One-to-one One-to-three

34. All but which of the following are regional issues for a design team to be aware of in implementing a rainwater harvesting system? (Choose 1) A B C D Native vegetation Local precipitation levels throughout the year Local health codes Supply water quality

35. What are the added benefits of green building practices? (Choose 4) A B C D E Reduction of operating costs Reduction or elimination of the negative environmental impact Increase workers productivity Reduction of the potential liabilities arising from indoor air quality problems Enhanced building marketability

36. Which of the following are addressed in LEED? (Choose 6) A B C D E F G H


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Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Outdoor Environmental Quality Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation in Design/Operations Soil & Groundwater Quality

37. Which of the following is required in order to obtain LEED certification? (Choose 1) A B C D Project has to be registered with U.S. Green Building Council Project has to be registered with Green Building Certification Institute Project has to be registered with local lead agency Project has to be privately funded

38. To achieve LEED certification, a building must meet a minimum of: (Choose 1) A B C D 26 points 40 points 21 points 50 points

39. Light Pollution is defined as: (Choose 1) A B C D Waste light from building site that produces glare Waste light from building site which is directed upward to the sky Waste light from building site which is directed off-site All 3 of the answers are correct

40. Which of the following are methods of reducing stormwater runoff quantity as well as improving stormwater quality? (Choose 3) A B C D E Shading Permeable Paving Retention Ponds High SRI Roofs Bioswales

41. What are some benefits of having a vegetated roof? (Choose 3) A B C D E Reduce stormwater runoff Provide habitat Comply with code Reduce heat-island effect Treat stormwater to tertiary standards

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42. The use of the following non-potable water sources for irrigation can reduce the strain on the potable water supply. (Choose 2) A B C D E Well water Captured rainwater Toilet water Bottled water Graywater from showers

43. The irrigation factor related to the difference in water needs between plant types is called what? (Choose 1) A B C D Landscape factor Species factor Density factor Micro-climate factor

44. What are some benefits to commissioning a building? (Choose 3) A B C D E Reduce contractor callbacks Better building documentation System performance verification Increases renewable energy potential Eliminates CFC production

45. Which of the following is not an option when considering refrigerants? (Choose 1) A B C D CFC phase-out plan Use no refrigerants Avoid CFCs, HCFCs & Halons in fire suppression systems Use recycled CFCs instead of new CFCs

46. What are three ways that waste can be sustainably diverted from the landfill? (Choose 3) A B C D E Reuse on-site Bury it under the property Burn it Donate to charity Send to a recycling center

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47. Which of the following is not considered a rapidly renewable material? (Choose 1) A B C D E Linoleum Wool Recycled steel Cork flooring Strawboard

48. What are two standards used to certify flooring/carpeting? (Choose 2) A B C D E ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Energy Star GreenGuard Green Label Plus FloorScore

49. When choosing composite wood, what chemical is best to be avoided? (Choose 1) A B C D E Asbestos Urea-formaldehyde Mold Lead ETS

50. Which form listed below can be used by a project teams registered professional engineer, registered architect, or registered landscape architect as a streamlined path to certain credits in the LEED rating system, to bypass otherwise required submittals? (Choose 1) A B C D Licensed Professional Declaration Form Licensed Professional Exemption Form Licensed Professional Registration Form Licensed Professional Certification Form

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51. LEED 2009 has Regional Priority Credits. Regional Priority Credits provide incentive for projects to address geographically specific environmental issues. Regional Priority Credits are project specific relative to the projects geographic location and are not contained in any reference guide. How are Regional Priority Credits created / determined? (Choose 1) A Regional priority credits are created by the project team and submitted to the GBCI for review and approval. B Regional priority credits are assigned by the local chapter of the E.P.A. C Regional priority credits are assigned by the local governmental agencies within 200 miles of the project. Agencies are consulted at the project team discretion. D Upon project registration, LEED online automatically determines a projects regional priority credits based on zip code. 52. A LEED Green Associate is best described as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A An individual who has passed the exam and possesses the knowledge and skills to understand and support green design, construction and operations. B An individual who has passed the exam and possess the knowledge and skills necessary to participate in the design process, to support and encourage integrated design, and to streamline the application and certification process. C An individual who meets the USGBC prerequisites and is a registered member of the USGBC. D An individual who has passed the exam and possess the knowledge and skills to understand and support green design, construction and operations. This individual must also be a registered member or the USGBC. 53. A LEED Accredited Professional is best described as which one of the following? (Choose 1) A An individual who has passed the exam and possess the knowledge and skills to understand and support green design, construction and operations. B An individual who has passed the exam and possess the knowledge and skills necessary to participate in the design process, to support and encourage integrated design, and to streamline the application and certification process. C An individual who meets the USGBC prerequisites and is a registered member of the USGBC. D An individual who has passed the exam and possess the knowledge and skills necessary to participate in the design process, to support and encourage integrated design, and to streamline the application and certification process. This individual must also be a registered member or the USGBC.

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54. If you receive a score of 170 or higher on the Green Associate exam you earn the LEED Green Associate designation. Upon receipt of that notification you are then authorized to use LEED Green Associate as a professional designation on / in which two of the below? (Choose 2) A Business cards B Business names C Website URLs D Signatures 55. Which three of the below design technologies can have a direct positive impact on stormwater quantity control? (Choose 3) A B C D E Use of high albedo concrete in parking areas. Use of pervious paving for the parking lot Vegetated roof Solar hot water system Stormwater harvesting

56. A project owner would like to register her building with the USGBC to pursue LEED certification. LEED projects are registered with the USGBC by which one of the following? (Choose 1) A B C D Setting up a pre-registration meeting with a USGBC representative Register the project online at www.gbci.org Register by phone with the USGBC automated project registration system Print out the online registration form and mail it to the USGBC

57. Which four of the below are considered environmental benefits of green building? (Choose 4) A B C D E F G Enhancement and protection of ecosystems and biodiversity Reduction in operating costs Improvement in air and water quality Minimization of strain on local infrastructure Optimization of lifecycle economic performance Reduction in solid waste Conservation of natural resources

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58. Which four of the below are considered economic benefits of green building? (Choose 4) A B C D E F Reduction in operating costs Improvement in air, thermal and acoustical environments Enhanced asset value and profits Optimization of life cycle economic performance Increase in business profits Improvement in employee productivity and satisfaction

59. Which one of the below best describes the U.S. Green Building Council? (Choose 1) A B C D It is a branch of the U.S. Government It was created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency It is a nonprofit member organization It is a for profit organization formed by environmental interest groups

60. The Energy Performance of LEED for New Construction Buildings: Final Report found through three separate views of building performance that LEED buildings consistently show average energy use 25-30% better than the national average, a level similar to that anticipated by LEED modeling and that average savings increase as performance goals increase with higher LEED certification levels. Gold and platinum buildings average Energy Use Intensity (EUI) is on average what percentage better than non-LEED buildings? (Choose 1) A B C D 32% 35% 45% 50%

61. Which one of the following best describes why the credit interpretation request (CIR) process was established? (Choose 1) A The CIR and ruling process was established for project applicants seeking technical and administrative guidance on how LEED credits apply to their projects and vice versa. B The CIR and ruling process was established for project that cannot meet one of the LEED prerequisites and would like to have that prerequisite waved for the project. C The CIR and ruling process was developed to set precedents in the LEED rating systems that apply across all rating system versions. D As a way to constantly update the LEED rating systems as new technologies become available.

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62. Before submitting a CIR, which four of the below should be done first? (Choose 4) A Review the intent of the credit or prerequisite in question and self-evaluate whether the project meets this intent. B Consult the LEED Reference Guide for more detailed explanation, instructions, calculations and guidance. C Write a project narrative and send it the USGBC Technical Advisory Group (TAG) for a ruling on whether or not the issue warrants a new CIR. D Review the CIR pages to see if the same inquiry has been answered previously, or if there are relevant CIRs that can help you deduce the answer. E Submit an inquiry form to your project LEED representative. F If the answer is not found in previous CIRs, consider contacting LEED customer service to look into it and confirm that it warrants a new CIR. 63. If a new CIR is needed the request is made using the LEED online form. Which three of the below is true about a CIR request? (Choose 3) A The credit name and your contact information should be submitted with the CIR. B Succinct background and or supporting information that provides relevant project details should be submitted with the CIR. CIR submission text must be limited to 600 words. (4000 characters including spaces) C The USGBC data base automatically tracks the credit name and the project contact information with the submission of a CIR. D Credit thresholds can be changed through the CIR process. E The CIR inquiry and ruling must be submitted with the LEED application. F Approved CIRs guarantee credit award. 64. Which three of the below are true in regard to LEED Innovation and Design (ID) Credits? (Choose 3) A The award of an ID Credit for one project at a specific point in time does not constitute automatic approval for a similar strategy in a future project. B ID credits set precedence meaning that once an ID credit is approved this will guarantee approval of an ID credit for future projects that utilize similar strategies. C Innovation credits are not awarded for the use of a particular product or design strategy if the technology aids in the achievement of an existing LEED credit. D ID credits for innovative performance are awarded for comprehensive strategies which demonstrate quantifiable environmental benefits. E Once and ID credit has been awarded the project owner must commit to a two year program for ongoing measurement and verification of the innovative design.

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65. Approval of Innovation and Design (ID) credits may be pursued by any LEED project, but the project team must sufficiently document the achievement using the LEED credit equivalent process. Which one of the below most accurately lists what the credit equivalent process includes? (Choose 1) A Identifying the proposed innovation credit intent, the proposed requirement(s) for compliance, the proposed submittal(s) to demonstrate compliance, and a summary of potential design approaches that may be used to meet the requirements. B Identifying the proposed innovation credit intent, the proposed requirement(s) for compliance, the proposed submittal(s) to demonstrate compliance, and a summary of potential design approaches that may be used to meet the requirements. Include the project name, project contact name and overall project narrative. C Identifying the proposed innovation credit intent, the proposed requirement(s) for compliance, and a summary of potential design approaches that may be used to meet the requirements. D ID credit background, project narrative, project contact information, design drawings of innovative design, and quantifiable evidence of the positive environmental impact made by the innovation. 66. ID credit 2 awards a point for having a LEED AP as a principle participant of the project team. How many points will a project be awarded if there are four LEED APs on the project team? (Choose 1) A B C D 4 3 2 1

67. There are three major findings in the publication Cost of Green Revisited by: Davis Langdon (2007). Choose the three findings out of the list below. (Choose 3) A Many projects are achieving LEED within their budgets and in the same cost range as non-LEED projects. B Many projects can achieve LEED with only 5 to 10% increases in their budgets. C The idea that green is an added feature is gradually disappearing with many in the design and construction industry embracing green designs. D Construction costs have risen dramatically, but projects are still achieving LEED. E With the continued rise of construction costs the number of projects achieving LEED is declining. F The idea that green is an added feature continues to be a problem.

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68. According to Davis Langdon in Cost of Green Revisited (2007) four key conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of construction costs for LEED seeking verses non-LEED seeking projects. Choose the four key conclusions out of the list below. (Choose 4) A There is a very large variation in costs of buildings, even within the same building program category. B Institutional buildings are most often the program type buildings seeking LEED certification. C There is a very large variation in costs of buildings; however buildings within the same building program category are consistently within 10 to 15% of each other for total construction cost. D Cost differences between buildings are due primarily to program type. E Most green buildings have a 10 to 15% cost increase from non-green buildings with a similar program type. F There are low cost and high cost green buildings. G There are low cost and high cost non-green buildings. 69. In the cost of Green Revisited (2007) by: David Langdon a common strategy used for Optimizing Building Energy Performance is Energy Load Reduction. What are some common measures used for building Energy Load Reduction? Choose three from the list below. (Choose 3) A Envelope improvements, including improved insulation and glazing performance, reduced air infiltration. B Use of renewable energy to offset standard energy costs. C Sun shading and day lighting harvesting, reduced lighting power density. D Coupling of thermal and ventilation demands. E Decoupling of thermal and ventilation demands, including radiant heating and cooling. F Minimal glazing on the east and west sides of buildings. 70. According to Davis Langdon in Cost of Green Revisited (2007) there are a number of factors which can have a significant impact on both the ability to achieve specific LEED points, and on the cost to build a sustainable building. When considering cost and feasibility for pursuing LEED certification for any building, according to Davis Langdon, it is extremely important that the owner understand which two of the below? (Choose 2) A B C D The feasibility of each point for the project The local zoning laws The entitlement conditions of approval project cost implications The factors affecting cost and feasibility

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71. When establishing a design and a budget for a LEED building, the point to remember is that sustainability is a program issue, rather than an added requirement. Integrating budget with design for a LEED building must be done as early as possible in the project and it must be considered at every step of design and construction. According to Davis Langdon in Cost of Green Revisited (2007), integrating budget with design can be done through which four of the following? (Choose 4) A B C D E F G Establishing team goals, expectations & expertise Eco-charrettes Cost-benefit analysis Including specific goals in the program Aligning budget with program Simple payback calculation Staying on track through design and construction

72. The LEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements (MPRs) define the minimum characteristics that a project must possess in order to be eligible for certification under LEED 2009. Which of the following are Minimum Program Requirements for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance? (Choose 1) A B C D E The building has been fully occupied for at least 12 continuous months The building has a vacant tenant space of 25 percent or less of building floor area 100 percent of the total floor area has to be included as a part of the certification The building has to be in compliance with federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations All 4 answers are correct

73. Which of the following is not considered a potential technology to reduce surface runoff? (Choose 1) A B C D Vegetated swales Pervious pavements Impervious pavements Vegetated roofs

74. The replacement of a chiller is considered not economically feasible if the simple payback of the replacement is greater than: (Choose 1) A B C D 5 years 10 years 15 years 20 years

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75. Which of the following are included in on-site renewable energy technology? (Choose 4) A B C D E Solar Geothermal Wind Stormwater harvesting Tidal/wave

76. Which of the following are considered sustainably harvested food? (Choose 2) A Food is labeled USDA Certified Organic, Food Alliance Certified, Rainforest Alliance Certified, Protected Harvest Certified, Fair Trade, or Maine Stewardship Councils Blue Eco-Label B Food is purchased at a Certified Farmers Market C Food is produced within 100-mile radius of the site D Food is purchased through local food distributor 77. For LEED purposes, which of the following should be included in a battery recycling program? (Choose 2) A The program must have a target of diverting at least 80% of discarded batteries from the trash, and actual diversion performance must be verified at least annually B The program must have a target of diverting at least 75% of discarded batteries from the trash, and actual diversion performance must be verified at least semiannually C The program must cover all portable dry-cell types of batteries D All portable dry-cell types of batteries should be excluded from the program 78. With regard to building interiors, what is a Densely Occupied Space as defined by LEED? (Choose 1) A An area with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people per 1,000 square feet (40 square feet per person) B An area with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 10 people per 1,000 square feet (100 square feet per person) C An area with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 50 people per 1,000 square feet (20 square feet per person) D An area with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 5 people per 1,000 square feet (200 square feet per person)

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79. Which of the following would not be included in group multi-occupant spaces? (Choose 2) A B C D Reception area Conference room Classroom Open office area

80. In terms of LEED, which of the following should be included in a high-performance cleaning program? (Choose 6) A An appropriate staffing plan B Training of personnel in the hazards, use, maintenance, disposal, and recycling of chemicals, dispensing equipment, and packaging. C Building cleaning schedule D Use of chemical concentrates with appropriate dilution systems E Cleaning product order and stocking schedule F Use of sustainable cleaning materials, products, equipment, etc. G Use of sustainable cleaning and flooring care products H Use of cleaning equipment meeting the sustainability criteria 81. Which of the following is true regarding sustainable cleaning products? (Choose 1) A Sustainable cleaning products and materials are not as effective as conventional cleaning products B Sustainable cleaning products and materials are less toxic to the environment than conventional cleaning products C Sustainable cleaning products and materials are not competitively priced D Sustainable cleaning products are not widely available E Sustainable cleaning products and materials are not as effective as conventional cleaning products 82. Which of the following is true regarding LEED Accredited Professionals? (Choose 1) A Individuals who practice LEED and follow guidelines of the U.S. Green Building Council are LEED Accredited Professionals. B Individuals who complete the LEED professional exam or work under direct supervision of the individual who successfully completed the LEED professional exam are LEED Accredited Professionals. C Individuals who successfully complete the LEED professional accreditation exam are LEED Accredited Professionals. D LEED accredited professionals are employed by the Green Building Certification Institute

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83. Which of the following is not a benefit of LEED Professional Accreditation? (Choose 1) A B C D It provides a marketable credential to an employer, prospective employer or client It encourages the growth of knowledge and understanding of the LEED Certification process A LEED AP will be required on all public projects by 2020 It supports and facilitates the transformation of the built environment

84. Which of the following would not be considered a component of sustainable building site operations? (Choose 1) A B C D E F G Practice low impact hardscape strategies Plant sustainable landscapes Reduce emissions associated with transportation Protect surrounding habitats Manage stormwater runoff Implement effective grounds management Site remediation of groundwater contamination

85. Which of the following measures can reduce site water consumption? (Choose 3) A B C D E Monitor water consumption performance Identify alternative sources of water Reduce indoor potable water consumption Practice water-efficient landscaping Promote surface water runoff

86. Practice water-efficient landscaping (Choose 1) A B C D Reduction in traditional building operating costs Reduction or elimination of the negative environmental impact by development Increase workers productivity Reduction of potential liabilities arising from indoor air quality degradation

87. In terms of energy efficiency and lighting power density, what is the energy code referenced within the LEED reference guides? (Choose 1) A B C D ASHRAE 55-2007 ASHRAE 90.1-2007 ASHRAE 62.1-2007 ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Appendix
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88. What is the thermal comfort code referenced within the LEED reference guides? (Choose 1) A B C D ASHRAE 62.1-2007 ASHRAE 55-2004 ASHRAE 90.1-2007 ASHRAE 52.2-1999

89. What is the minimum timeframe, measured from first occupancy, that a new construction project can apply for LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance? (Choose 1) A B C D 6 Months 8 Months 10 Months 12 Months

90. Which best describes how emittance and albedo are related? (Choose 1) A B C D Emittance is a function of a calculated albedo Albedo and emittance are combined to achieve an SRI value Albedo is subtracted SRI to achieve emittance Emittance is multiplied by albedo to achieve an SRI value

91. Which best describes how On-Site Renewable Energy and Green Power are related? (Choose 1) A On-Site Renewable Energy can reduce the amount of Green Power needed B Green Power can help reduce the amount of On-Site Renewable Energy needed C The amount of On-Site Renewable Energy equals the amount of Green Power needed D Green-e Providers can provide both Green Power credits as well as On-Site Renewable Energy Generation 92. Which of the following refrigerant types is banned in several states and is not allowed to be used on a project under LEED? (Choose 1) A B C D Chlorofluorocarbons Hydrochlorofluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons Chlorohydrofluorocarbons

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93. Which of the following window values is the most important to mitigate the effects of solar radiation? (Choose 1) A B C D Low-E U-Value NFRC SHGC

94. Which of the following window types is the best at mitigating the effects of earth bound radiation and solar radiation? (Choose 1) A B C D Spectrally Selective Low-E High SHG Coefficients Low emissivity and low albedo

95. Post-Industrial material is: (Choose 1) A B C D The same as Post-Consumer The same as Pre-Consumer Pre-Consumer subtracted from Post Consumer equal Post-Industrial Post-Consumer subtracted from Pre-Consumer equals Post-Industrial

96. What is the minimum score need to comply with the ACEEE vehicle rating guide? (Choose 1) A B C D 40 50 80 90

97. What are the two types of application submittals under LEED? (Choose 2) A B C D E F Planning Construction Architectural Design Construction Management Completion

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98. What type of building cost is often improved with sustainable design strategies? (Choose 1) A B C D Hard costs Soft costs Assessment costs Life-cycle costs

99. How does exceeding the requirements of ASHRAE 62.1-2007 interact or conflict with exceeding the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2007? (Choose 1) A B C D Exceeding ASHRAE 62.1-2007 makes exceeding ASHRAE 90.1-2007 easier Exceeding ASHRAE 62.1-2007 makes exceeding ASHRAE 90.1-2007 more difficult The two codes have no effect on each other Exceeding ASHRAE 90.1-2007 makes exceeding ASHRAE 62.1-2007 easier

100. A heat island is best defined as a: (Choose 1) A An area where the solar radiation is increased as a result of global warming B An area where earth bound radiation is suppressed because of proper landscaping C An area where earth bound radiation and solar radiation are higher as a result of pollution caused by cars and buildings D An area where the retention of heat by buildings, concrete, and asphalt increases ambient temperatures

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Sample Test Answers

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Sample Test #1 Answers


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 A, C, D A E A, C, D, E D B, C A C B B, C, F B A, B, D A C C E A, D, E B C B B A, B, D A, C, E B B 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 C B A D A, D A, D, F A, C, E A, E, F C A, D E D A, C, F A B C A B, E, F A, B, D A B A, B A, C D D 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 B A, C B C A, B C D A, C, D A, C , E A C C A, B, F C A, C A, B, C D A,C,E C B A A B A E 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 86 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 B A A, C, D B A, E, F B D A, D, F A, B, C, E D C,D A A B C C A C C A B D B, C, E C, D A, D, E

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Sample Test #2 Answers


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 D B, C, F B B B, C A, C, D, F B A, C, E B, D, E A, F B, C, D C A, D, E, G C, F D A D D B, D, E A C A, D, E E C, D, E D 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 B, C, F C A A, E A, B, D A B, C, D C A A, C, D, E A, B, D, E, F, G A B D B, C, E A, B, D B, E B A, B, C D A, B, E C D, E B 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 B D A B A, D B, C, E B A, C, F, G A, C, D, F C C A A, B, D, F B, C, E A, C, D A D A, D, F A, D, F, G A, C, E A, D A, D, E, G E C B 75 76 77 78 79 A, B, C, E A, C A, C A A, C A, B, D, F, 80 G, H 81 B 82 C 83 C 84 G 85 A, C, D 86 B 87 B 88 B 89 D 90 B 91 A 92 A 93 D 94 A 95 B 96 A 97 B, D 98 D 99 B 100 D

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