UP DOWN COUNTER USING AT89C51

Digital Visitor counter using 8051 microcontroller (AT89C51)

Group members

Ravi shekhar (091630003022) Priyambada Ojha (09163003037) Tejashwi Parimal (09163003081) Shusant Kumar (09163003077) Chandra Bhanu Pratap Singh (09163003054)

Project Mentor: Mr. Madhusudan Maity

HOD: Prof. S. Shankralingam

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Aim Of The Project

Aim

of this project is to make a digital visitor counter which is based around the 8051 microcontroller (AT89C51). To use of sensors for increment or decrement and to show the counted value on 7-segment display.

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Introduction

This project titled Microcontroller based Bidirectional Visitor counter is designed and presented in order to count the visitors of an auditorium, hall, offices, malls, sports venue, etc. The system counts both the entering and exiting visitor of the auditorium or hall or other place, where it is placed. Depending upon the interrupt from the sensors, the system identifies the entry and exit of the visitor. On the successful implementation of the system, it displays the number of visitor present in the auditorium or hall. This system can be economically implemented in all the places where the visitors have to be counted and controlled.

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Block Diagram
Logic Control Circuit

Sensors

Microcontroller AT89C52

Display

Power

Supply +5V

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Description
A

counter that can change its state in either direction, under control of an updown selector input, is known as an updown counter. The circuit given here can count numbers from 0 to 9999 in up and down modes depending upon the state of the selector. It can be used to count the number of persons entering a hall in the up mode at entrance gate. In the down mode, it can count the number of persons leaving the hall by decrementing the count at exit gate.

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Description
This

circuit divided in three parts: sensor, controller and counter display. The sensor would observe an interruption and provide an input to the controller which would run the counter in up/down mode depending upon the selector setting. The same count is displayed on a set of 7-segment displays through the controller.

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Sensor Arrangement at the Way

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Sensor Arrangement at the Way

In this circuit, two infrared (IR) sensor modules are used each for up and down counting, respectively. Whenever an interruption is observed by the first IR sensor, it increments the counter value. Similarly, when the second sensor detects an obstacle, the count is decremented. The count value is calculated depending upon the sensors input and is displayed on a set of four seven segment displays by using the concept of multiplexing.

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Sensor Arrangement at the Way

The data pins of each 7-segment display are connected to port P2 of the microcontroller AT89C51. The first four pins of port P1 (P1^0-P1^3) are connected to control pins to enable a particular 7-segment. P1^5 & P1^6 are configured as input pins at which the sensors are connected. The sensor inputs are defined as up and down selector modes for the counter in the code. Each time the first sensor is blocked, it gives a high signal at P1^5 and the count value gets incremented. The value gets decremented when P1^6, connected to second sensor, gives high input. At each step, the value of the counter is sent to be displayed on the segments.

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Components Used

Transistor BC547:

BC547 is an NPN bi-polar junction transistor. A transistor, stands for transfer of resistance, is commonly used to amplify current. A small current at its base controls a larger current at collector & emitter terminals. BC547 is mainly used for amplification and switching purposes. It has a maximum current gain of 800.

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Components Used

Seven Segment Display :

A seven segment display is the most basic electronic display device that can display digits from 0-9. They find wide application in devices that display numeric information like digital clocks, radio, microwave ovens, electronic meters etc. The most common configuration has an array of eight LEDs arranged in a special pattern to display these digits. They are laid out as a squared-off figure 8.

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Components Used

AT89C51 Microcontroller:

AT89C51 is an 8-bit microcontroller and belongs to Atmel's 8051 family. ATMEL 89C51 has 4KB of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM) and 128 bytes of RAM. It can be erased and program to a maximum of 1000 times.

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Components Used

Infrared LED:

An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength. Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminium gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors.

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Components Used

Light Emitting Diodes:

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor light sources. The light emitted from LEDs varies from visible to infrared and ultraviolet regions. They operate on low voltage and power. LEDs are one of the most common electronic components and are mostly used as indicators in circuits. They are also used for luminance and optoelectronic applications.

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Uses
Used

to count the visitors of an auditorium, hall, offices, malls, sports etc. Used as integral part of security System in high confidential areas. Used in Parking Lot. Used in Elevator to prevent the maximum limit of weight.

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Advantages
High

precision and accuracy can be achieved through it. Since it is bidirectional, it can count in both directions peoples entering and exiting the place. Since it is compact it can be easily implemented anywhere. It is also cost effective.

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Conclusion

Thus the project entitled Bidirectional Visitor Counter helps to measure the visitor entering and exiting a particular passage or way. The circuit counts both entering and exiting visitors and displays the number of visitors present inside the hall. Visitor counting is not limited to the entry/exit point of a company but has a wide range of applications that provide information to management on the volume and flow of people throughout a location..

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