Meaning - Usage and Relationship Form

* Causative. Intransitive to Transitive

He brought
down ‫ ﹶﻝ‬‫ﻧﺰ‬ He got
down ‫ﺰ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻞ‬
 ‫ﹾﻟ‬‫ﻧﺰ‬ ‫ ﹸﺛﻢ‬،‫ﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺰﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
I got down from the car, then I took down the child.
* Transitive to double transitive
He taught ‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﺩﺭ‬ He studied ‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﻐ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﹺﺑﻴ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ .‫ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻐ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﹺﺑﻴ‬
 ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
I taught you Arabic. I studied Arabic.
* Strengthening of meaning.
* Intensive – an action done on large scale or
repeatedly ‫ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﹶﻓﻌ‬ 2
He massacred ‫ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﹶﻗﺘ‬ He killed ‫ﺘ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﹶﻗ‬ .‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﻡ ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺠ ﹺﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﹶﻗﺘ‬ .‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺠ ﹺﺮ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﹶﻗ‬
The criminal massacred the The criminal killed a

‫ﻱ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬

people of the village. man.
* Extensive – an action done thoroughly and
with great force.
He smashed ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﻛﺴ‬ He broke ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﹶﻛ‬ .‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻮ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﻛﺴ‬ .‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻮ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﹶﻛ‬
I smashed the glass. I broke the glass.

To correspond ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻛﹶﺎ‬ To write ‫ﺐ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻛ‬ * Collective action.
Where two or more people join together. ‫ﻋ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﹶﺎ‬ 3
* Intransitive to transitive
He seated ‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬ He sat ‫ﺲ‬
 ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ .‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﱢ ﹾﻔ ﹶﻞ ﺑﹺﺠﺎﹺﻧﺒﹺﻲ‬
 ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠ‬ ‫ ﻭﹶﺃ‬،‫ﻝﹺ‬‫ ﺍ َﻷﻭ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
 ‫ﺟ ﹶﻠﺴ‬

‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‬

I sat in the first row and I seated the child by my side.
* Transitive to double transitive 4
He made
somebody ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ He listened ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ .‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺮﺁ ﹶﻥ‬  ‫ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻄﻼﱠ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﹶﺃ‬.‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹶﻥ‬
 ‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﺭ‬  ‫ﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬
listen The students read out Qur’an The teacher listened
to the teacher. to the Qur’an.
* Reflexive of form 2. Transitive to intransitive

 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺳ ﹶﻄ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻱ ﹺﺑﻮ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻡ )ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼ ﹺﺯ‬
‫ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﺗ ﹶﻔﻌ‬
also impersonal.
He learned ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﱠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ He taught ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﱠ‬ .‫ﺒﺎﺣ ﹶﺔ‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺴ‬
 ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﱠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ .‫ﺣ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻤﻨﹺﻲ ﺑﹺﻼ ﹲﻝ ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﱠ‬ 5
I learnt swimming. Bilal taught me swimming.
* Reflexive of form 3. A group action,
To ask one
another ‫ﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻝ‬‫ﺗﺴ‬ To ask ‫ﺳﹶﺄ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺎ َﺀﻟﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﺘﺴ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻋﻢ‬
‫ﻋ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﹶﺎ‬
About what are they asking one another?
* Pretension 6
He pretended
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬ He slept ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻊ ﹶﻛ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
 ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻡ ﺍﳉﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬
to be asleep
The spy pretended being asleep and he heard the talk of the ‫ﻑﺍﹶ‬
people.
* Passive of form 1. Transitive to intransitive
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹶﻜ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﹶﻛ‬ .‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﻧ ﹶﻜ‬‫ﺍ‬ .‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻮ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶﻛﺴ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻧ ﹶﻔ‬‫ﺍ‬
(‫ﳉﺮ‬
To get broken To break 7
The tumbler broke. I broke the tumbler.
* Transitive and intransitive
To assemble ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ To gather ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻱ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﻡ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻼ ﹺﺯ‬ ‫ﻱ ﺃ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫* ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍ ﹾﻓ‬ 8
*

To become red ‫ﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ * Indicating colors and defects ‫ﻌﻞﱠ‬ ‫ﺍ ﹾﻓ‬ 9
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼ ﹺﺯ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻱ‬‫ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ‬

Asked for help Helped * Seeking/asking

‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺘ ﹾﻔ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ 1
Regarded good
or beautiful ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ Was good
or beautiful ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺴ‬
 ‫ﺣ‬ * Regarding/judging
0

The Ten Measures – Meanings Page 36