تصميم الخزانات

Reinforced Concrete IV
Second Semester
Structural Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Tanta University
General Notes and

Solved Examples
By
Eng \ Just for help
First Edition
Instructor: eng \ just for help
2000-2001
Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples
1. Fundamentals

Solved Examples
2000-2001
1. Fundamentals
(1)
(a) Statical system for each tank
Fig. 1
For H = 1.5 m
The walls of the tank can be treated as cantilever , i.e., the total load acting in each
wall will be transmitted in vertical direction
Statical system in
conjunction with
the loads
Vertical Sec.
For H = 4 m
Top horizontal beam should be used. In this case, the wall will be considered as two
way slab.
Vertical strip
Horizontal strip at the sec.

of max. horizontal load
2000-2001

Solved Examples
Fig. 2
Statical system for

vl strip (Box. Sec)
Tie
Fig. 3
Structural system
for vl. strip
* If the tie is removed
Statical system for vertical strip
Fig. 4
H=2m
The walls of the tank can be considered as cantilever walls
Statical system for vl. Strip

Solved Examples
2000-2001
*H=4m
Top horizontal beam should be used.
vl. Strip
Fig. 5
Treated as cantilever
retaining wall
H
Central part
L
For large diameter tank, the part of floor with the length (L) with the wall adjacent to
it can be assumed as a retaining wall connecting to the central part.
* If the tank has sliding base, the wall and floor will be treated separately.
Fig. 6
Horizontal Strip
vl. Strip in long dir.
vl. Strip in short dir.
b. Acting loads & case of loading
Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 are elevated tanks

Acting loads are: * own weight of concrete elements
* water load vl. Load on floor
lateral load on walls
* External lateral load wind pressure
Earthquake Excitation
-
12-
case of loading
Case of water load (No external lateral load)
Empty tank and consider lateral load.

Solved Examples
2000-2001
Fig. 5 is rest on soil tank

Acting loads are : own weight of tank
: Water load
: Soil reaction
there is only one case of loading under the effect of all acting loads
Fig. 6 is under ground tank
Acting load are : - Own weight of concrete
- Weight of water
- Weight of soil above the tank
Lateral earth pressure
Lateral hydrostatic pressure due to ground
water.
Soil reaction below the tank
Uplift force due to ground water
Case of loading
Case 1
Empty
Case 2
tank is full of water and no soil around tank (Check

bearing capacity of soil)
tank is empty and consider soil around tank (Check
uplift)
(2)
a.s
a.s
a.s
w.s
w.s
a.s
w.s
w.s
w.s
- The sections that labeled by (w.s) are water side sections.

- The sections that labeled by (a.s) are air side sections.

Solved Examples
2000-2001
(3)
sec. 1
Mu = 0.0
Nu = +150 kN
Water side section
Tu
15
=
= 100 kN
1.5 1.5
- t = 0.6 T = 0.6 * 10 = 6 cm < 20 cm
take t = 20 cm
T=
10 cr = 0.85
- use
Tu
150 * 1.15 * 1000
=
= 563.7 mm 2 = 5.637 cm 2
cr f y / s
0.85 * 360
As =
A s /side = 5.64/2 = 2.82 cm 2

use 5
10 /m` / side
- Check of tensile stress for concrete.

f t > f cto = (f ctr / ) , = 1.7
ft =
T
150 * 1000
=
= 0.75 MPa
A c 200 * 1000
f ctr =
0.6 f cu
f t < f ctr
Sec. 2
0.6 300
= 1.93 MPa
1.7
(o.k)
=
Mu =100 kN.m
, Nu = 0.0
(water side sec.)

Solved Examples
2000-2001
Mu
M * 1000
= 66.7, t =
=
1.5
3
M =
6.67 * 1000
= 47.2 cm
3
50 cm
ft > fct
where f t =
M 6M
=
Z
bt 2
66.7 * 10 6
1000 * 500
= 1.6 MPa
=O
t v = t[1 +
fct (N )
] = t = 50 cm
f c t (M )
= 1.65
0.6 f cu
fct =
ft < fct
0.6 30
= 1.99
1.65
o.k
=
M u = 100 kN.m & t = 500 mm d = 460 mm

d = c1
Mu
f cu b
100 * 10 6
c1 = 7.97
30 * 1000
J = 0.826
Mu
As =
cr f y dJ
460 = c1
- use
10 cr = 0.85
100 * 10 6
= 860 mm 2 = 8.6 cm 2
0.85 * 360 * 460 * 0.826
use 11
10 /m'
- use 16 cr = 0.75
As =
100 * 10 6
= 975 mm 2 = 9.75 cm 2
0.75 * 360 * 460 * 0.826
use 5
16 /m'
or 9
12 /m'
A's = 5
10 /m'
As =
t = 50 M = 500 mm
2000-2001
Sec. 3

Solved Examples
Mu = 100 kN.m & Tu = 10 kN
100
10
= 66.7 kN .m & T =
= 6.7 kN
1.5
1.5
t = 50 M + 30 = 50 66.7 + 30 = 438 mm take t = 500 mm
f t = f c t ( N ) + f c t (M)
M =
fc t (N ) =
T
6.7 * 1000
=
= 0.0134 N/mm 2
A c 1000 * 500
6M 6 * 66.7 * 10 6
=
= 1.6 N/mm 2
2
2
bt
1000 * 500
f t = 1.6 + 0.0134 = 1.6134 N/mm 2
f c t (M ) =
fct r
fct =
t v = t[1 +
, f c t r = 0.6 f cu = 3.28 N/mm 2

fc t (N )
0.0134
] = 504.18 mm 2
= 500[1 +
f c t (M )
16
1.65
3.28
= 1.98 N/mm 2 > f t o.k
1.65
M
100
= 10 m, outside sec. (big ecc.)
e= u =
Tu
10
fct =
t
+ cov er
2
= 10 - 0.25 + 0.04 = 9.79 m
M us = Tu e s = 10 * 9.79 = 97.9 kN.m
es = e -
d = c1
use
As =
M us
f cu b
max
460 = c1
97.9 * 10 6
c1 = 8.05
30 * 1000
J = 0.826
= 16 m m cr = 0.75
Tu
M us
+
cr f y dJ cr f y / s
97.9 * 10 6
6.7 * 10 3 * 1.15
+
= 983 mm 2
0.75 * 360 * 0.826
0.75 * 360
use 5 16 /m'
A's = 5
10 /m'
=
2000-2001
Sec. 4

Solved Examples
Mu = 10 kN.m & Tu =150 kN
10
150
= 6.7 kN.m & T =
= 100 kN
1.5
1.5
t = 50 M + 30
M =
= 50 6.7 + 30 = 159.4 mm
0.6 T = 0.6 * 100 = 60mm
use t = 200 mm
f t = f ct ( N ) + f ct (M) > f c t r /
fct (N ) =
T
100 * 1000
=
= 0.5 N/mm 2
A c 1000 * 200
6M 6 * 6.7 * 10 6
=
= 1.005 N/mm 2
2
2
bt
1000 * 200
f (N )
0.5
t v = t 1 + c t
= 299.5 mm
= 200 1 +
f c t (M )
1.005
1.45 , f c t r = 3.28 N/mm 2
f c t (M ) =
f t = 0.5 + 1.005 = 1.505 N/mm 2 , f c t =

ft < fct
3.28
= 2.26 N/mm 2
1.45
o.k
M u = 10 kN.m & Tu = 150 kN

e=
Mu
10
t
=
= 0.067 m < - cover
Tu
150
2
Tu M u 150 10
+
=
+
= 137.5 kN
2 d - d'
2
0.16
T2 = T - T1 = 150 - 137.5 = 12.5 kN
T1 =
use
10
, cr = 0.85
T1
137.5 * 1.15
As =
=
= 517 mm 2
0.85 * 360
cr f y / s
choose 7
A's =
10 /m'
T2
12.5 * 1.15
=
= 47 mm 2
cr f y / s 0.85 * 360
use 5
10/m'
As`
T+As
T2
T
T1
:2000-2001

Solved Examples
2. Rectangular tanks with sliding

Base (I)

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
2. Rectangular tanks with sliding Base (I)

* Consider 1.0 m Strip at lower end of wall.
b
a
40 kN/m`
40 kN/m`
40 kN/m`
3.0 m
4.0 m
h = 40 kN/m
40 kN/m`
d
5.0 m
* Applying 3- moment Eqn to calculate the bending moment:

apply 3- moment Eqn at (a)
Md (3) + 2 Ma (3+5) + Mb(5) = -6Rel
Re1 = -(20.83 +4.50) 253.3
Ma =Mb= Md
R1 = 45
3Ma +16Ma + 5Ma = 6 * 253.3

24 Ma = 1519.8
Ma = 630 m.t
60
4 t/m`
4 t/m`
R=
60
100
R2 =208.3
w 3
24
62
100
(2)
63
+
(3)
(1)
(1)
100
60
(3)
(2)
63
18
18
63
63
100
60
62
N. F. D
B. M. D
63

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
Calculation of moment by using method of moment distribution:

a
d
4 t/m`
Joint
member
R. S
D. F
F. E. M
0B
ad
0.33
0.62
30
33
63
b
ab
0.2
0.38
83.3
20.3
-63
ba
0.2
0.38
+83.3
bc
0.33
0.62
-30
10.15
-30.4
63
16.5
-49.6
-63
cb
0.33
0.62
+30
33
63
d
cd
0.2
0.38
-83.3
20.3
-63
dc
0.2
0.38
+83.3
Da
0.33
0.62
-30
10.15
-30.4
+63
16.5
-49.6
-63
* Design of Section (1):

t = 50 M + 30 = 50 69.1 + 30 = 445.6
take t = 500 mm
A = 1000 * 500 = 5 * 10 5 = 500 mm
1000 * 500 3
= 1.042 * 1010 mm 4
I=
12
500 mm
1000 mm
100 * 10 3
= 0.2
5 * 10 5
63 * 10 6
f ct (M) =
* 250 = 1.51 N/mm 2
10
1.042 * 10
f (N )
t v = t(1 + ct
) = 566.22 mm
f ct ( M )
f ct (N) =
f ctr
0.6 25
= 1.81 N/mm 2
1.65
f
f ct (N) + f ct (M) = 1.71 < ctr ok
M = 69.1 kN.m
Mu = 94.5 kN.m
T = 100 kN
Tu= 150 kN.m
, Water- side section
:2000-2001

Solved Examples
Mu
= 63.0cm > t / 2
Tu
e=
t
+ cov er = 0.45m
2
= T .e s = 67.5 kN.m
es = e
M us
M us
f cu B
d = c1
67.5 * 10 6
430 = c1
25 * 10
c1 = 8.28
j = 0.826
As =
M us
Tu
67.5 * 10 6
15 * 10 3
+
=
+
= 1130 mm 2
cr f y jd cr f y / s 0.85 * 360 * 0.826 * 430 0.85 * 360 / 1.15
= 11.3 cm 2
12 /m`
use 10
Sec. Steel = 6
10 /m`
* Design of section (2)

M u = 93 kN.m , Tu = 90 kN t = 30 cm
e=
Air - side section
Mu
t
= 1.03 m >
2
Tu
t
+ cover = 0.953
2
= 85.8 kN.m
es = e M us
d = C1
M us
f cu B
C1 = 3.93
As =
230 = C1
85.8 * 10 6
250 * 1000
j = 0.802
M us
Tu
85.8 * 10 6
90 * 10 3
+
=
+
f y jd f y / s 360 * 0.802 * 230 360 / 1.15
= 20.85 cm 2
use 10
16 /m`

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
Design of Section (3)

M u = 27 kN.m
Tu = 150 kN.m
t = 300 mm , Water - side section
A = 1000 * 300 = 3 * 10 5 mm 2
1000 * 300 3
= 2.25 * 10 9 mm 4
12
100 * 10 3
= 0.33 N/mm 2
f ct ( N ) =
5
3 * 10
18 * 10 6
* 150 = 1.2
f ct ( M ) =
2.25 * 10 9
f (N )
) = 382.5 mm
= 1.5
t v = t (1 + ct
f ct ( M )
I=
f ctr / = 2 N/mm 2
f ct ( N ) + f ct ( M ) = 1.53 <
f ctr
ok
M
t
= 0.18 m >
N
2
t
e s = e - + cover = 0.10 m
2
M us = 15 kN.m
e=
d = C1
M us
f cu b
230 = C1
As =
15 * 10 6
25 * 1000
C1 = 9.39
M us
Tu
+
cr f y jd cr f y / s
= 8.22 cm 2
use 10
12 /m`
j = 0.826
:2000-2001

Solved Examples
3. Rectangular tanks with Sliding

Base (II)
3. Rectangular tanks with Sliding Base (II)
:2000-2001

Solved Examples
Prob. No. (1) [Elevated tank with Sliding Base]

Take thickness of base = 20 cm
Loads
w kN/m2 = weight of covering + weight of water + weight of walls + o.w of base
Weight of covering = 4 kN/m2
Weight of water = h = 40 kN/m2
Weight of walls : assume thickness of wall = 30 cm
= 0.3*25.0*4* (5*2+4.40*2) = 564 kN
Weight of walls /m2 = 56.40/(5*5) = 2.256 t/m2
Weight of base = 0.2 *25 +0.5 = 5.5 kN/m2
wtot t/m2 = 4+ 40 +22.56 +5.5 = 72.06 kN/m2
36.03 kN/m`
5.0
r=
= 1.0
5.0
= 0.5
= 0.5
5.0 m
36.03 kN/m`
w = w = 36.03 kN/m 2
5.0 m
Consider 1.0 m width:

M u = 169 kN/m`
d = C1
(Air - side section)
36.03 kN/m`
Mu
f cu B
5.0 m
+
169 * 10 6
25 * 1000
C1 = 1.95
C1 < C1 min
(1)
112.6 kN.m
160 = C1
take t = 300 mm
C1 = 3.16
j = 0.757
As =
Mu
169 * 10 6
=
= 2385 mm 2 / m = 23.85 cm 2 / m
f y jd 360 * 0.757 * 260
use 10
19 /m`
in both directions bottom reinforcement
Use top reinforcement = 0.2 * 23.85 = 4.77 cm 2 /m Choose 7
Design of beams: assume beam 40 * 80 cm

O.w = 0.4 (0.8-0.30) *2.50= 0.50 t/m`
wslab= 7.206 t/m2
Equivalent load for shear
ws= 0.50 + 7.206 *2.50*0.5 =9.508 t/m`
Qu max = 35.655 t
10 /m`
5.0 m
ws = 95.08 kN/m`
wb = 125.7 kN/m`
5.0

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
Equivalent load for flexure (bending)
wb= 0.50+7.206*2.50*0.67= 12.57 t/m`
Mu max = 58.92 m.t
d = C1
Mu
f cu B
6 t s + b = 220 cm
B = the least of
75 = C1
As =
L2
+ b = 90 cm (controls)
10
1
C.L C.L = 250 cm
2
58.92 * 10 5
250 * 90
Mu
= 26.58 cm 2
f y jd
C1 = 4.63
use 7
j = 0.821
22
As '= 3
19
check of shear
Qu 35.655 * 10 3
qu =
=
= 11.885 kg / cm 2 > q u c = 9.68 kg/cm 2 unsafe
40 * 75
bd
use 7 8/m` 4 branches
q u act = q u s + q u c /2 = 15.79 > 11.885 kg/cm 2
O.K.
:2000-2001
Prob. No. (2)

Solved Examples
[Resting on soil tank with sliding base]
Check of bearing capacity:

Assume t = 250 mm
vl load = wall load + base load + weight of water
(assume t wall = 300 mm)
Weight of walls = 0.3*25*3 (2*4+2*3.40) =33.30 t
w t/m2= 333 / (4*4) = 20.8 kN/m2
Wall load = 20.8 kN/m2
Base load = 0.25 *25 = 6.25 t/m2 +0.5 (flooring) = 6.75 kN/m2
Weight of water = h = 10 *3 = 30 kN/m2
Total load = 57.55 kN/m2 < 100 kN/m2 ok
Loads
w kN/m2= wt of walls
(assume t wall = 300 mm)
w kN/m`= 333 / (4*4) = 20.8
r = 1.0
= = 0.5
W = W = 10.4 kN/m2
10.4 kN/m`
10.4 kN/m`
Consider 1.0 m width

Mu max = 23.4 kN.m (Water-side section)
0.25
0.25
3.50 m
Water side
0.25
t = 50 M
= 50 15.6 = 197.4 mm
take t = 250 mm
10.4 kN/m`
15.6 kN/m`
-
A = 1000 * 250 = 25000 mm 2

bt 2 1000 * 250 2
z=
=
= 10.42 * 10 6
6
6
f ct (N) = 0
M 15.6 * 10 6
=
= 1.49 N/mm 2
Z 10.42 * 10 6
t v = 250 mm
f ctr / = 2.2
f ct (M) =
f ct (M) = 1.498 <
f ctr
ok
0.25
3.50 m
+
0.3
+
0.3
250
1000

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
d = C1
Mu
f cu B
23.4 * 10 6
200 = C1
25 * 1000
C1 = 6.54
j = 0.826
As =
use 7
Mu
23.4 * 10 6
=
= 463 mm 2
cr f y jd 0.85 * 360 * 200
10 /m`
(Top reinforcement)
Use bottom reinforcement 5
10 /m`
Note that in this case, walls of the tank act as

supporting beam with adequate capacity.
:2000-2001

Solved Examples
4. Elevated Conduits
4. Elevated Conduits

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
(1)
(i)
2m
0.3 m
1m
1m
7m
Sec. Elevation x-x
30
5m
5m
6 10 /m` (U)
9 10 /m` (L)
6 10 /m` (U)
6 10 /m` (L)
5m
Plan

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
(ii) Acting load

assume ts = 30 cm
- Walls:
the wall will be considered as
one way slab in vertical direction.
p= h = 1 * 17 = 17 kN/m2
- Floor:
w = ts + wh
= 25 * 0.3 + 1 * 17 = 24.5 kN/m 2
4
5 * 0.76
r=
= 1.25
4 * 0.76
r4
= 0.7 = 1 - = 0.3 (Grashoff ' s coefficients)
= 4
r +1
w = 0.7 * 24.5 = 17.15 kN/m 2 ,
w = 0.3 * 24.5 = 7.4 kN/m 2
Straining Actions
* Vertical strip
17.2 kN/m`
17 kN/m`
17 kN/m`
8.2
+
14.45
8.2
0.82
0.82
14.45
26.2
N. F. D
B. M. D
* Section in Floor
7.4
kN/m`
5m
18.5
5m
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
B. M. D

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
Design of critical sections

Consider fcu = 25 kN/cm2
St. 360/520
(1)
(3)
(4)
Sec. (1)
water side section
M = 8.2 kN.m
t = 50 M = 50 8.2 = 143.1 mm
take t s = 300 mm
f ct = f ct (M) >
f ctr
6M 6 * 8.2 * 10 6
where, f ct ( M ) = 2 =
= 0.546 N/mm 2
2
bt
1000 * 300
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 0.6 25 = 3 N/mm 2
t v = t [1 +
f ctr
f ct ( N )
] = 300 = 1.45
f ct ( M )
29.76
= 2.06 N/mm 2 > f ct
1.45
(o.k)
M u = 1.5 * 8.2 = 12.3 kN.m

t = 300 mm d = 260 mm
12.3 * 10 6
c1 = 11.7
25 * 1000
J = 0.826
use max = 10mm cr = 0.85
d = c1
As =
Mu
12.3 * 10 6
=
= 187 mm 2 = 1.87 cm 2
cr f y dJ 360 * 260 * 0.826
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
(2)

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
Sec. (2)
M = 8.2 kN.m & T = 14.45 kN (water side section)
t = 50 M + 30 = 173 mm
take t s = 300 mm
f ct = f ct ( N ) + f ct (M) >
f ct ( N ) =
f ctr
T 14.45 * 1000
=
= 0.048 kN/mm 2
Ac
300 * 1000
6M 6 * 8.2 * 10 6
f ct (M) = 2 =
= 0.546 kN/mm 2
2
bt
1000 * 300
f ct = 0.048 + 0.546 = 0.594 kN/mm 2
t v = t[1 +
f ct ( N )
0.048
] = 300[1 +
] = 326.3 mm
0.547
f ct ( M )
= 1.45 , f ctr = 3
f ct <
f ctr
o.k
kN/mm 2
f ctr
= 2.06

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
M u = 1.5 * 8.2 = 12.3 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 14.45 = 21.7 kN

M u 12.3
t
=
= 0.57 m >
Tu
21.7
2
e=
(big ecc.)
t
+ cover = 0.57 - 0.15 + 0.04 = 0.46 m
2
= Tu e s = 21.7 * 0.46 = 10 kN.m
es = e M us
M us
f cu b
d = c1
260 = c1
10 * 10 6
c1 = 13
25 * 1000
J = 0.826
use max = 10 mm
cr = 0.85
M us
Tu
+
As =
10 * 10 6
21.7 * 1000 * 1.15
+
0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826
0.85 * 360
= 234 mm
choose 6
10 /m`
A`s = 0.2 A s
use 6 10 /m`
=
Sec. (3)
M =26.2 kN.m
t = 300 mm
& T = 14.45 kN (air side section)

& d = 260 mm
M u = 1.5 * 26.2 = 39.3 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 14.45 = 2.17 kN

M u 39.3
=
= 1.81 m (big ecc.)
Tu
21.7
e=
t
+ cover = 1.81 - 0.15 + 0.04 = 1.7 m
2
= Tu e s = 21.7 * 1.7 = 36.9 kN.m
es = e M us
d = c1
M us
f cu b
260 = c1
36.9 * 10 6
c1 = 6.77
25 * 1000
J = 0.826
use max = 10 mm
As =
M us
Tu
+
f y dJ f y / s
36.9 * 10 6
21.7 * 1000
+
= 200 mm 2
360 * 260 * 0.826
360/1.15
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
=

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
Sec. (4)
M = 18.5 kN.m
(water side section)
t = 50 M = 50 18.5 = 215 mm
take t = 300 mm
f
f ct = f ct (M) > ctr
6M 6 * 18.5 * 10 6
=
= 1.23 N/mm 2
2
2
bt
1000 * 300
f (N )
t v = t[1 + ct
] = t = 300 mm = 1.45
f ct ( M )
f ct (M) =
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2

f ct <
d = c1
f ctr
M us
f cu b
f ctr
= 2.06 N/mm 2
o.k
26 = c1
18.5 * 10 6 * 1.5
c1 = 7.8
25 * 1000
J = 0.826
use max = 10 mm
As =
cr = 0.85
M us
1.5 * 18.5 * 10 6
=
= 422.3 mm 2
cr f y dJ 0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
Design of wall as beam

o.w= bt = 25 *0.3 *2 = 15 kN/m`
wf = 24.5 kN/m2
2m
5m
5m
5m
(r =1.25 , = 0.79 , = 0.6)

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
Load for shear:

w = o.w + wf x = 1.5+0.6*24.5*2 = 44.4 kN/m`
Load for moment
w = o.w + wf x = 1.5+0.79*2.45*2 = 5.37 t/m`
Leff= C.L-C.L= 5 m
= 1.05 ln= 1.05 *4.7 = 4.94 m
t/Leff = 200/494 = 0.405 > 0.4 (deep beam)
wl 2 53.7 * 5 2
wl 2 53.7 * 5 2
=
= 112 kN/m , M ve =
=
= 134 kN/m`
12
12
10
10
For - ve moment
M u = 1.5 * 134 = 201 kN.m , d = 1900 mm
M + ve =
d = c1
Mu
f cu b
,1900 = c1
201 * 10 6
c1 = 11.6
25 * 300
J = 0.826
As =
Mu
201 * 10 6
=
= 360 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 1900 * 0.826
use 3
16 for - ve &+ ve moment /m`
* Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions for deep beams
=0.5
= 1/3
Max. reaction of beam

R = 1.1 wl = 1.1 *44.4 *5 = 244 kN
2
a
For beam
Sec. of beam = 300 * 1000
o.w = 25 *0.3*1= 8 kN/m`
Load for moment
Load for shear
Mu
f cu b
,95 = c1
123 * 10 6
c1 = 7.4
25 * 300
J = 0.826
As =
Mu
123 * 10 6
=
= 440 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 950 * 0.826
use 3
w = o.w + w x = 8+2*1/3 *24.5*2= 41 kN/m`

w = o.w + w x = 8+2*1/2 *24.5*2= 57 kN/m`
M = 41 * 2 2 / 2 = 82 kN.m
M u = 1.5 M = 123 kN.m
d = c1
16 , A`s = 2
12
:2000-2001

Solved Examples
(iii) loads on columns

w
vl. Load = 2 [244 + 57 *2]=716 kN

N = 716 *1.1 = 788 kN
P
1m
Wwind = 716 *5 = 5 kN/m`

P= 5 * 2 = 10 kN
M = 10*10 = 100 kN.m
8m
1m
Design of sec.
N = 788 kN
Nu = 1.5 *788 = 1182 kN
Design for N only
Nu = 0.35 Ac fcu +0.67 fy Asc
Nu = Ac [0.35 fcu + 0.67 fy ]
1182*1000= Ac [0.35*25+0.67*360*1/100]
Ac = 1059 cm2
Take column 300 *400 mm
To sustain the effect of buckling, take column 300 * 1000
He= k Ho = 2.2 *8 = 17.6 m
Consider unbraced column
:2000-2001

Solved Examples
H e 17.6
o.k
=
= 17.6 < max
1
t
> 10 (long column)
2 t
17.6 * 1000
=
=
= 155 mm
2000
2000
155
= 12.2 m.t
M add = P = 788 *
1000
M design = M 2 + M add , where M 2 is due to wind load
= 100 + 122 = 222 kN.m
N u = 1182 kN , M u = 1.5 * 222 = 333 kN.m
e=
Mu
333
=
= 0.3 m
N u 1182
e 0.3
=
= 0.3 > 0.05
t
1
o.k
use interaction diagram for f y = 3600, = 1 , = 0.8

k=
Nu
1182 * 1000
=
= 0.16
f cu bt 25 * 300 * 1000
Mu
e
333 * 10 6
=
=
= 0.04
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 * 1000 2
= 0.0
0.4
use min steel =
bt /side
100
0.4
=
* 300 * 1000 = 1200 mm 2
100
choose 6
16
k
1000
300

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
10/m`
10/m`
10/m`
16/m`
3
6
10/m`
10/m`
16/m`
10/m`
12
16
10/m`
12
2
12
2
10/m`
12
2
16
6
Cross sec. Of column
30
6
100
10/m`
6
10/m`

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
Prob. (2)
40
4m
2m
60o
4m
4m
x
4m
Sec. Elevation x-x
Plan
Loads
The floor and wall will be considered as way slab in the plane of the paper.
Assume t = 40 cm
Floor
wf = ts + w h
= 25 *0.4 + 10*2 = 30 kN/m2
Wall
ww = ts = 25 *0.4 = 10 kN/m2
P = w h = 20 kN/m2
Straining Actions
L
wf
2m
ww
4m
2.3 m
60o
1.16
31.2
_
25.3 kN
_
+
20
20
25.3 kN
31.2
31.2
31.2
+
28.8
2m

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
B. M. D
N. F. D
23.1 kN
T= 23.1 kN sin 60 =20 kN
60o
60o
23.1 kN
water pressure
29.2 sin 60
25.3 kN
o.w of wall + water weigh

= 1*23.1 +00.5*0.76*16
=29.2 kN
Design of critical sections

Sec. (1)
M = 31.2 kN.m
, T = 20 kN (water side section)
t = 50 M + 30 = 50 31.2 + 30 = 309 mm
take t = 400 mm
f
f ct = f ct ( N) + f ct (M) > ctr
f ct (N) =
T
20 * 1000
=
= 0.5 N/mm 2
Ac
100 * 40
6M 6 * 312 * 10 6
f ct ( M ) = 2 =
= 1.17 N/mm 2
2
bt
1000 * 400
f ct = 0.5 + 1.17 = 1.67 N/mm 2
t v = t[1 +
f ct ( N )
0.5
] = 570 mm , = 1.65
] = 400[1 +
f ct ( M )
1.17
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2

f ct >
f ctr
f ctr
= 1.82 N/mm 2
o.k
M u = 1.5 * 31.2 = 46.8 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 20 = 30 kN

e=
M u 46.8
t
=
= 1.56m >
Tu
30
2
(big ecc.)
t
+ cover
2
= 1.56 - 0.2 + 0.04 = 1.40 m
M us = Tu e s = 30 * 1.4 = 42 kN.m
es = e -
(3)
(2)
(1)

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
d = c1
Mu
f cu b
, 360 = c1
42 * 10 6
c1 = 8.78
25 * 1000
J = 0.826
use max = 10 mm
As =
cr = 0.85
M us
Tu
+
42 * 10 6
30 * 1000
=
+
= 5.74 mm 2
0.85 * 360 * 360 * 0.826 0.85 * 360 / 1.15
choose 8
10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
Sec. (2)
M = 288 kN.m & T= 20 kN
(air side section)
M u = 1.5 * 288 = 43.2 m.t & Tu = 1.5 * 20 = 30 kN
e=
M u 43.2
t
=
= 43.2 kN.m >
Tu
30
2
(big ecc.)
t
+ cover = 1.44 - 0.2 + 0.04 = 1.28 m
2
= Tu e s = 30 * 1.28 = 38.4 kN.m
es = e M us
d = c1
M us
f cu b
, 360 = c1
38.4 * 10 6
c1 = 9.19
25 * 1000
J = 0.826
use max = 10 mm
As =
cr = 0.85
M us
Tu
+
f y dJ f y / s
38.4 * 10 6
30 * 1000
+
= 455 mm 2
360 * 360 * 0.826 360 / 1.15
choose 6
10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
=

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
Sec. (3)
M = 31.2 kN.m
, N = - 25.3 kN (water side section)
Big. Ecc. compression

t = 50 M 30 249 mm take t = 400 mm
f ct = f ct (N) + f ct (M)
- 25.3 * 1000
= 0.063 kN/mm 2
1000 * 400
6M 6 * 31.2 * 10 6
= 1.17 N/mm 2
f ct ( M ) = 2 =
2
bt
1000 * 400
f ct (N) =
f ct = 0.063 + 1.17 = 1.107 N/mm 2

t v = t[1 +
f ct ( N )
0.063
] = 400[1
] = 421 mm , = 1.6
f ct ( M )
1.17
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2
f ctr
= 1.86 N/mm 2 > f ct
(o.k)
M u = 1.5 * 31.2 = 46.8 kN.m

N u = -1.5 * 2.53 = -38 kN
Use max = 10 mm
cr = 0.85
cr f y = 0.85 * 360 = 306 N/mm 2

Use strength interaction diagram for f y = 2800 kg/cm 2 ,
= 0.8 , = 1 A s = A`s = 8
10 /m` (same as for sec.1)
* Design of wall as deep beam

Water weight
* Loads in the plan of the wall

o.w of wall = b t sin
=60o
= 25 * 0.3 *2.31 sin 60
= 15 kN/m`
- wt of water = w A sin
= 10 * *1.16 *2 sin 60
= 10 kN/m`
- Load from floor = wf *2 = 30* 2 = 60 kN/m`
wt = 15 +10 +60 = 85 kN/m`
85 kN/m`
4m
4m
A
Own
weight
:2000-2001
+ ve
M max
ve
M max

Solved Examples
wl 2 85 * 4 2
=
=
= 113.3 kN/m
12
12
wl 2 85 * 4 2
=
=
= 136 kN/m
10
10
Check of deep beam condition

Le ff = C.L C.L = 4m
= 1.05 L n = 1.05 * 3.7 = 3.89 m
t
L e ff
2.31
= 0.59 > 0.4 Deep beam
3.89
for - ve moment
d = c1
t = 2310 mm d = 2200 mm
Mu
f cu b
1.5 * 136 * 10 6
2200 = c1
25 * 300
C1 = 13.34 J = 0.826
As =
Mu
1.5 * 136 * 10 6
=
= 312 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 2200 * 0.826
1.3 * 312 = 406 mm 2

Smaller
11
A s min = greater
* 300 * 2200 = 2017 mm 2
360
0.15/100 * 30 * 2200 = 990 mm 2
use A s = 5 16 for both negative and positive momnts
Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions
:2000-2001

Solved Examples
(iii) Design of column

Load on each column
concrete
1
6.32 + 4
5.52 + 3.6
* 4[(
)*2 (
) * 1.6] * 25
2
2
2
water
1
5.52 + 3.6
+ * 4[(
) * 1.6] * 10 = 295.9
2
2
due to o.w of column Pcolumn = 1.1 * 295.9 = 325.2 kN
Wind load
P = 1 * 2 * 4 = 8 kN
M = 8 * 8 = 64 kN
M/column = 64/2 = 32 kN.m
Design for N only

Nu = 1.5 * 325.5 = 488.3 kN
Nu = [0.35 fcut + 0.67 fy ] Ac
488.3 * 1000 = [0.35 *25 + 0.67 *360 * 1/100] Ac
Ac = 43700 mm2
Take sec. 300 * 500
unbraced column
H
= e , H e = k H o = 1.6 * 7 = 11.2m
t
11.2 * 100
=
= 22.4 < ( max = 23)
50
take t = 70 = 16 > 10 (long column)
2 t
16 2 * 700
= 89.6 mm
2000
2000
89.6
= 29 kN.m
M add = P. = 325.5 *
1000
M design = 32 + 29 = 61 kN.m
M u = 1.5 * 61 = 92 kN.m
2m
6m
1m
6.32
5.52
1.6
0.4
3.6 m
4m
2m

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
* Design for M & N

Mu = 9.2 m.t
Nu = 48.83 t
30 cm
Mu
92
=
= 0.2m
488.3
Nu
e=
70 cm
e 0.2
=
= 0.3 > 0.05
t 0.7
use interaction diagram
k=
for f y = 360 , = 1 , = 0.8
Nu
488.3 * 1000
=
= 0.093
f cu bt 25 * 300 * 700
Mu
e
92 * 10 6
=
=
= 0.025 , = o
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 * 700 2
0.4
use min. steel A s =
* 300 * 700 = 8400 mm 2 /side
100
use 5
16
16
12
12
16
Sec. in column
300 mm
700 mm
10
40 cm
3
10/m`
6
10
16
40 cm
3
10/m`
Cross-section of tank
10/m`
10/m`
16
6
10/m`

Solved Examples
:2000-2001
40
10/m` 7
10/m` (L)
10/m`(L)
10/m` (U)
10/m`(U)
10/m` 8
5
5
4m
8
10/m`
10/m`
4m
4m
Plan
By Eng. Ezz El-Din Mostafa

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Reinforced Concrete IV

General Notes and

Eng \ Just for help

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Horizontal strip at the sec.

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Statical system for

* If the tie is removed

Statical system for vertical strip

Statical system for vl. Strip

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

vl. Strip in long dir.

vl. Strip in short dir.

b. Acting loads & case of loading

Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 are elevated tanks

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Fig. 5 is rest on soil tank

tank is full of water and no soil around tank (Check

- The sections that labeled by (w.s) are water side sections.

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Water side section

A s /side = 5.64/2 = 2.82 cm 2

- Check of tensile stress for concrete.

(water side sec.)

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

M u = 100 kN.m & t = 500 mm d = 460 mm

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Mu = 100 kN.m & Tu = 10 kN

, f c t r = 0.6 f cu = 3.28 N/mm 2

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Mu = 10 kN.m & Tu =150 kN

1.45 , f c t r = 3.28 N/mm 2

f t = 0.5 + 1.005 = 1.505 N/mm 2 , f c t =

M u = 10 kN.m & Tu = 150 kN

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

2. Rectangular tanks with sliding

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

2. Rectangular tanks with sliding Base (I)

* Applying 3- moment Eqn to calculate the bending moment:

3Ma +16Ma + 5Ma = 6 * 253.3

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Calculation of moment by using method of moment distribution:

* Design of Section (1):

, Water- side section

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

* Design of section (2)

Air - side section

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Design of Section (3)

w = o.w + w x = 8+21/3 24.5*2= 41 kN/m`