Sushila Devi Bansal College

Of Technology, Indore

Session 2008-09

Seminar Report On:

Nanotechnology: Engendering an Era

of Industrial Revolution

Submitted to:
Submitted by:
Mr. Dinesh Rajpoot
Tanmay Baid
Rohi
t Tomar
 Computer
Science
II
year, III sem.

Table of Contents:

1. Introduction.

2. Nanotechnology in Computers.
2.1. Ballistic Sensor Disks.
2.2. Spintronics.
2.3. Smart Dust.

3. Nanotechnology in Medicine.
3.1 Cell Surgery, Cell Pharmacology.
3.2 Microvibore Artificial WBC.
3.3 Reciprocites: Mechanical Artificial RBC.
3.4 Ribosome.
3.5 Utility Fog.

4. Nanotechnology & International Security.

5. Nanotechnology and Environment.

6. Basis of Economy: A Strong possibility.

7. Conclusion.

8. References.
Nanotechnology: Engendering an Era
of Industrial Revolution

1. Introduction:

A technology stepping into every aspect of our lines,

powerful enough to make things easier and
impossible which hitherto was unimaginable. These
things include desktop manufacturing cellular
repairs, artificial intelligence, inexpensive space
travel, abundant energy and environmental
restoration, ie radically changing the whole economic
and political systems. This is the Nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials,
devices and systems through manipulation of
miniscule matter, manipulation of matter at the
atomic or nonoscale (i.e one billionth of meter).
The semiconductors industry is edging closer to the
world of non technology where components are
miniastured to the point of individual molecules and
atones this world alone automatic contention of
consumer goods with traditional labour like a Xerox
ml/c produces unlimited retyping of the original
information. The shotgun marriage of chemistry and
engineering called is ushering in the era of self-
replicating machinery and self-assembling
consolatory goods made from cheap raw atoms.
 Fig1. Depicts an infrastructure been built by
convergent system.

In Nanotechnology by controlling molecular structure

in material synthesis we have gained inevitable
control over the basis material properties such as
conductivity, strength, relativity, yielding innovative
application ranging from batteries to automotive
materials. By starting with cheap, abundant
compared molecules and processing them with small
high frequency, high productivity m/s it will make
products inexpensive design computes will execute
more instructors per sec than the entire
semiconductor CPU’s in the world. Talking about
applications Nanotechnology will enable us to do
radical new things in virtually every technological
and scientific areas.
2. The New Era of Nano Computers:

Nanotechnology is all about building working

mechanisms using components. Such as super
computers (bacteria sized) with today’s MIPS (Million
instructions per sec) capacity, or super computers in
the size of sugar cube possessing the power of a
billion laptops regular sized desktop model with
power of billions of today’s PC and magnetic storage
desks could word 100,000 tones more data than
current disk.
Computation will then become a property of matter,
computers right be morporated in next generation,
by 2010 we will be aware of our using nanoscale
computers.

2.1. Ballistic Sensor Disc:

Nanoscale computers will certain hard disks, which
have sensors, sensitive enough to detect presence or
absence of magnetic field in a microscopic bit of
material. This is done as if the magnetic field is
strong enough to change a sensors electron flow the
bift represents a 1, if not it is 0, the key factor is
making sensors that can read and matter bits in
increasing the magnetic resistance of sensors.

Fig2. The contact between these wires is only a few hundred atoms wide. The
tight squeeze keeps electrons from scattering, allowing the sensor to read
the minuscule bits that future, super high-capacity disk drives will
depend on.

2.2. Spintronics:

Researchers are aiming to make a spin based

computer chip that does all the timing that
conventional chip do but with cost power size and
were viability advantages that come from magnetic
logic with the concept of Spintronics hard disks may
be replaced with plastic memories to open up many
opportunities for new technologies such as flexible
displays and responsive solar cells.
Ohio State University researchers have made nearly
all the moving electrons inside a sample of plastic to
spin in same direction – an effect called spin
polarization that could field plastic memories by
replacing the high/low voltage representation of
boolean ones and zero’s with north pole/south pole
respectively. We can construct basic logic gates,
which carry out computations using the spin
electrons.
This technology will make extremely small chips that
are inexpensive than traditional IC’s because the
circuits are made from single wires rather than
semiconductor transistors leading to use of cheap
and low power computers. Also because spin states
of electrons remain stable even when power goes off,
such a computer would not have to boot up every
time it is turned on.

2.3 Smart Dust:

These are bottle-cap-shaped micro-machines fitted

with wireless communication devices - that measure
light and temperature, When clustered together, they
automatically create highly flexible, low-power
networks with applications ranging from climate-
control systems to entertainment devices that
interact with handheld computers."
 fig3. Golem-dust. solar powered mote with bi-directional communications and sensing
(acceleration and ambient light) 11.7 mm3 total circumscribed volume~ 4.8 mm3
total displaced volume
Engineers also envision other uses for the Smart Dust project, including:

1) Monitoring humidity and temperature to assess

the freshness of foods stored in the refrigerator or
cupboard.

2) Monitoring quadriplegics' eye movements and

facial gestures and to assist them in operating a
wheelchair or using computational devices.

3) Communicating with a handheld computer for

games and other forms of entertainment. A user
could attach the sensors to his or her fingers to
"sculpt" 3D shapes in virtual clay visible on the
device's screen. The same idea could be applied to
playing the piano or communicating in sign
language, with the handheld computer translating
hand gestures into music and speech.

4) Detecting the onset of diseases, such as cancer.

Experiments on humans are expected to begin as
soon as one year from now, with adoption taking
place anywhere from three to 10 years, according to
Smart Dust researchers

3. Medicinal Era brought by Nanotechnology

We can actually say good-bye to cancer diseases;

hospitals no longer will plagues of AIDS or Ebola
strike the human race. Antibiotics will even
decreasing effectiveness, would no longer be staple
of medical industry.
How it will be possible since diseases are caused
largely by damage at molecular level and cellular
level and today’s surgical tools at this scale are large
and low, so with NT we will have nano-robots which
will be programmed to perform delicate surgeries.

Fig4.showing an artificial DNA structure built by nano-matters

Autonomous molecular m/c operating in human body

could monitor levels of various compounds and store
the info in internal memory. The molecular m/c can
be filtered out of blood supply and the information
can be analyzed supply and the information can be
analyzed. This is very useful in diagnosis of various
diseases.
It is also suggested that using NT medical diagnosis
will be transformed and use of nano- robots within
body could provide a defense against invading
viruses. This technology could be used in particular
application when considering immune sys. as this to
combat immune deficiency diseases live HIV/AIDS.

There is also speculation that nano-robots would

show on even reverse the aging process and life
expectancy could increase significantly.

In near future we will be acquainted with notions like:

Cell Pharmacology: Delivery of drugs by medical

nano-machines to exact location in the body.

Cell Surgery: Modifying cellular structures using

medical nano-machines.

Ribosome: Naturally occurring molecular machine

that manufactures proteins according to instructions
derived from cell’s genes.

Nanomedicine: Bunch of non -replicating

nanorobots with a specified medical task such as
cleaning and closing a would and many more.

Reciprocytes: Mechanical Artificial RBC: A blood

borne spherical 1 Micron diamonded 1000 atm
pressure vessel with active pumping powered by
endogenous serum glucose, able to delver 236 times
more oxygen to tissues per unit volume than national
red cells and to manage carbonic acidity.

Microbivore Artificial WBC: This will destroy

microbiological agent causing disease found in
human bloodstream using a digest and discharge
protocol.

Fig 4.Showing artificial

WBC.

Utility Fog:

These are objects formed of “intelligent” polymorphic

substances, having typically an octet truss. It’s a
simple extension of nanotechnology, based on tiny
self-replicating robots. The robots are called Foglets
and the substance they form is Utility Fog.
 Fig5. shows us individual foglet & then the whole Utility Fog.

4. Nanotechnology & International Security:

The possible applications of Nanotechnology to

advanced weaponry are fertile ground for fantasy. It
is obvious that 3-D assembly of nano- structures in
bulk can yield much better versions of most
conventional weapons e.g. guns can be made lighter,
easy more ammunition, fire self guided bullets,
incorporate multispectral gun sights or even fire
themselves when an enemy is detected.
Aerospace hardware would be far lighter and higher
performance, built with minimal or no metal, it would
be such harder to spot radar.Embedded computer
would allow remote activation of any weapon and
more compact power handling would allow greatly
improved robotics.Nuclear weapons can be credited
to prevent major wars since their inventions. Nuclear
weapons have high long term cost of use that would
be much lower with nanotech weapons.Nuclear
weapons require massive research effort and
industrial development, which can be tracked more
easily than nanotech weapons. Greater uncertainty
of capabilities of the adversary less response time to
an attack and better targeted destruction of enemy’s
resources during an attack all make nanotech arm
races less stable. Nanotech weapons would be
extremely powerful and could lead to a dangerously
to an arm race. Also unless nanotech is tightly
controlled the number of nanotech nations in the
world could be such higher than the number of
nuclear nations increasing the chance of a regional
conflict blowing.

5.Nanotechnology and Environment :

Nano technology has the potential to substantially

benefit environment through pollution prevention,
treatment and remediation. Auborne nano robots can
be programmed to rebuild the removed from water
sources and oil spills can be cleaned up instantly. Our
dependence an non-renewable sources would
diminish with nano-technology. Many resources can
be developed by nano-machines.

Fig6. Nanotectnology making transortation easy.

However use of NT is scaled up emissions to

environment may also increase and perhaps a whole
new class of toxins or other environment problems
may be created.

6. Basis of Economy: A Strong possibility:

The purchaser of manufactured product today is

paying for its design, raw materials, the labour and
capital of manufacturing, transportations storage and
sales. If nano-factories can produce a wide variety of
product when and where they are wanted most of
this efforts will become unnecessary.

7. Conclusion:

Thus, what we are seeing is the segment of a

revolution caused by our ability to work on same
scale as nature, Nano-technology will afford every
aspect of our lives from the medicines we use power
of our computers the energy supplies we require, the
food we eat, the cars we drive, the building we live
in, the clothes we wear.
Nanotechnology with all its challenges and
opportunities is an unavoidable part of our future.
The researches are filled with optimums and products
are filled with optimum and products based on this
technology are beginning to make their mark.
The extent to which non-technology will impact our
lives only depends on times of human in genuinely.
Humanity will be faced with a power accelerated
social reduction as a result of nano-technology.
More powerful industrial revolution capable of
bringing wealth, health and education to every
person on this planet is just around the corner. Along
with the development of nanotechnology comes the
necessary to develop reasonable guidelines
procedures and laws in order to protect humanity
from new forms of terror, runaway inanities misuse
of technologies.
8. References:

K.ERIC.DREXLER-“INTRODUCTION TO
NANOTECNOLOGY”.
RICHARD FEYMANN’S BOIGRAPHY
(www.wikipedia.com)
www.nanotechweb.com
Ralph C. Merkle “SELF REPLICATNG SYSTEMS AND
LOW COST MANUFACTURING”.
adekeczer@mail.arc.nasa.gov.