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T I U C H U A N Q U C G I A



TCVN 4201:2012
Xut bn In 1





T XY DUNG - PHUONG PHP XC [NH
Q CHAT TIU CHUAN TRONG PHNG TH NGHIEM
Soils - Laboratory methods for determination of compaction characteristics











H NQI - 2012

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TCVN 4201:2012
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Mc Ic

Li ni du ................................................................................................................................................4
1 Pham vi p dung ................................................................................................................................ 5
2 Ti liu vin dn ................................................................................................................................. 5
3 Thut ng v djnh ngha .................................................................................................................... 5
4 Phuong php th .............................................................................................................................. 5
Phu luc A (Tham kho) Biu mu th nghim xc djnh d cht tiu chun ...................................14
Phu luc B (Tham kho) Cc thng s k thut ca mt s phuong php dm cht ..............................15




TCVN 4201:2012
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Li ni du
TCVN 4201:2012 duoc chuyn di t TCVN 4201:1995 thnh Tiu
chun Quc gia theo quy djnh tai khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun
v Quy chun k thut v dim b khon 2 iu 6 Nghj djnh s
127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy djnh chi tit thi hnh
mt s diu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 4201:2012 do Vin Khoa hoc Cng ngh Xy dung - B Xy dung
bin soan, B Xy dung d nghj, Tng cuc Tiu chun o lung Cht
luong thm djnh, B Khoa hoc v Cng ngh cng b.
5
T I U C H U A N Q U C G I A TCVN 4201:2012


t xy dng - Phuong php xc d[nh d cht tiu chun trong
phng th nghim
Soils Laboratory methods for for determination compaction characteristics

1 Pham vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy djnh phuong php th xc djnh d cht tiu chun ca dt loai ct v dt loai st
(tr than bn, dt than bn v bn) trong phng th nghim phuc vu thi cng cc cng trnh dt.
2 Ti Iiu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dung tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dung phin bn duoc nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th
p dung phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa di, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 2683:2012, t xy dung - Ly mu, bao gi, vn chuyn v bo qun mu.
3 Thut ng v d[nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny c s dung cc thut ng, djnh ngha sau:
3.1
cht tiu chun (Maximum Dry Unit Weight) (
tc
)
cht ng vi khi luong th tch kh (ct dt) ln nht ca mu dt sau khi duoc dm cht theo
nhng diu kin nu trong tiu chun ny. ng vi khi luong th tch kh ln nht c d m tt nht.
3.2
m tt nht ca dt (Optimum Moisture Content) (W
tn
)
m tai d c th dat duoc khi luong th tch kh ln nht mt cng dm nn nht djnh.
4 Phuong php th
4.1 Thit b[ v dng c
4.1.1 Ci dm bao gm ci, ba v cn dn ba (xem Hnh 1) vi cc thng s v kch thuc ch tao
theo Bng 1 vi sai s cho php 0,1 %.

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Bng 1 - Cc thng s v kch thuc ci dm
Loai thit b[
Kch thuc ci dm nn ung knh
ca d dp
d
2
cm
Khi Iung
ca ba

kg
ung knh trong
ca ci d
1

cm
Chiu cao
ca ci h
1

cm
Th tch ci J

cm
3

A 10,0 12,7 1 000 10,0 2,5
B 10,0 12,7 1 000 5,0 2,5
CH THCH:
1) Khi luong ca cn dn v d dp khng duoc qu 1,2 ln khi luong ca ba;
2) C th ch tao thnh my dm, song moi yu cu ca tiu chun ny phi duoc tho mn;
3) dat duoc d cht theo phuong php Proctor ci tin, cn s dung thit bj c kch thuc nhu sau:
- Ci, vi dung knh trong 125 mm; chiu cao 127 mm; th tch 2 224 cm
3
;
- m, vi dung knh d 50 mm.
4) C th tham kho mt s loai ci dm Phu luc B.
4.1.2 Cc dung cu khc
- Cn k thut c d chnh xc 0,01 kg;
- Sng c l 5 mm;
- Bnh phun nuc;
- T sy diu chinh duoc nhit d;
- Bnh ht m c Canxi clorua;
- Hp nhm hoc cc thu tinh c np d xc djnh d m;
- Dao got dt;
- Khay d trn dt, c kch thuc khong 40 cm x 60 cm;
- Vi d ph dt;
- V d dp v dt cuc;
- Ci s v chy boc cao su d nghin dt.
4.2 Chun b[ mu
4.2.1 Ly mu th nghim theo TCVN 2683:2012. Khi mu dt c d m tu nhin ln hon khng nhiu
so vi d m tt nht, th truc khi th nghim, phi lm kh dt bng cch phoi nng gi hoc sy kh
nhit d nh hon 50
0
C.
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4.2.2 Ri mu dt d lm kh trn nn bng phng, dng v bng g dp vun dt v dng chy cao su
nghin nh ri cho qua sng 5 mm. Phn trn sng duoc tip tuc nghin cho dn khi khng c kh
nng tch nhng hop th dt na th thi.
Tnh luong hat ln hon 5 mm bng ti s phn trm so vi ton b luong dt dng d th nghim theo
cng thc (1):

0 (10, 01 )

(10, 01 ) p
m W
p
P
M J
(1)
trong d:
P l luong cha cc hat ln hon 5 mm, tnh bng phn trm (%);
m
p
l khi luong m ca phn dt c hat ln hon 5 mm, tnh bng kilgam (kg);
M l khi luong m ca ton b mu dt th nghim, tnh bng kilgam (kg);
W
p
l d m ca phn hat ln hon 5 mm, tnh bng phn trm (%);
W
0
l d m ca ton b mu dt th nghim, tnh bng phn trm (%).
CH THCH: Cn chon mt t dt dai din cho mu d xc djnh khi luong th tch hat, chi s do v thnh phn hat. C th
xc djnh luong cha P theo kt qu phn tch thnh phn hat.
4.2.3 Chon khong 15 kg dt d qua sng 5 mm, chia ra t nht nm phn, mi phn hon 2,5 kg, cho
vo cc khay v phun vo cc luong nuc khc nhau d c d m t 5 % dn 30 % (trong d c hai trj
d m ln hon v hai trj d m nh hon d m tt nht).
Luong nuc phun vo dt d du ch d m duoc tnh theo cng thc (2):
-
1
1
0, 01.
x| - |
1 0, 01.
m
q W W
W
(2)
trong d:
q l luong nuc phun thm, tnh bng gam (g);
W l d m ca dt cn du ch, tnh bng phn trm (%);
W
1
l d m ca dt truc khi lm m thm, tnh bng phn trm (%);
m l khi luong dt truc khi lm m thm, tnh bng gam (g).
Nu khi luong dt dng d th nghim khng d, cho php s dung lai dt sau ln th nghim du tin
d ch bj mu cho cc ln th nghim tip theo. Trong trung hop ny, cn chon khong 8 kg dt d
qua sng 5 mm v chia lm ba phn d du ch cc d m khc nhau cho ln th nghim du tin.
CH THCH: i vi mt s loai dt dc bit nhu dt d bazan, dt st c tnh do cao th khng duoc dng dt d dm d
ch bj mu.
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Kch thuc tnh bng mm


Hnh 1 - Ci dm cht
4.2.4 i vi dt loai ct, ln th nghim du tin bt du t d m 5 % v nhng th nghim tip theo
s tng ln t 1 % dn 2 % cho mi ln. Nu d m tu nhin ca dt thp hon quy djnh ni trn (cho
ln th nghim du tin) th phi thm nuc vo cho d. m ca dt phi duoc xc djnh truc khi
dm nn.
Truc khi th nghim, mu dt phi duoc trn du v k, sau d, d mu trong bnh kn hoc bng vi
thm nuc t nht 1 h sau khi trn.
Mu s dung lai sau ln th nghim du tin phi lm toi vun v trn k nhu trn. Khi su chnh lch
khi luong gia hai ln th nghim vuot qu 10 g th phi diu chinh lai d m cho bng d m d quy
djnh vi ln th nghim du tin, sau d mi tnh ton luong nuc phun thm vo cho thch ng vi ln
tip theo. Sau khi thm nuc, phi trn lai cho du v d trong bnh kn hoc vi thm nuc t nht
15 min mi ly ra th nghim.
4.2.5 i vi dt loai st, ln th nghim du tin bt du t d m 10 %, nhng ln tip theo s tng
ln t 2 % (di vi dt st pha) dn 5 % (di vi dt st). Sau khi cho thm nuc, phi trn k v d
trong bnh kn hoc ph vi thm nuc t nht l 15 min mi ly ra th nghim. Mu s dung lai sau ln
CH DN:
1 Vng khng ch d cao roi
2 Ba
3 Cn dn ba
4 Phn ni ca ci
5 dp
6 Vt
7 ci
8 Ci dm th tch 1 000 cm
3

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th nghim du tin phi bo dm nhu mu chua th nghim v sau phun thm nuc vo phi kn t
nht 15 min.
4.3 Cch tin hnh
4.3.1 t ci dm nn trn nn cng v bng phng. Ly dt d chun bj mi khay cho vo ci thnh
ba lp, mi lp chim khong mt phn ba th tch ca ci dm. Dng ba nng 2,5 kg cho roi tu do
d cao 30 cm d dm ring cho tng lp.
4.3.2 Khi dm nn, phi d cho ba roi tu do v phn b du trn mt dt. S ba dp cho mi lp quy
djnh theo loai dt:
- i vi ct v ct pha: dp 25 ba;
- i vi st pha v st c chi s do nh hon 30: dp 40 ba;
- i vi dt st c chi s do ln 30: dp 50 ba.
CH THCH:
1) i vi thit bj dm loai B th khi d dm duoc nm ln, phi thay di cn dn ba theo nm vj tr du nhau trn b mt ca
mi lp;
2) trnh phn lp v tao diu kin tip xc tt gia cc lp, phi dng dao rach b mt ca lp d dm, truc khi cho thm
dt vo ci d dm lp tip theo;
3) Khi dm nn lp th ba, mu dt sau khi d dm d s ln chi duoc nh cao hon mp ci khng qu 0,5 cm;
4) Khi dm nn theo phuong php Proctor ci tin, dng ba nng 4,5 kg, cho roi tu do d cao 45 cm; nng luong dm don
vj dat ti 25 x 10
5
Nm/m
3
. Mi ci duoc dm thnh nm lp; s ln dp cho mi lp l 55 nht ba. Vt lm lc do phi ly dt
du lp dy lai.
4.3.3 Khi dm xong, cn thn tho phn ni bn trn ca ci v dng dao got b phn dt tha cho
tht phng. Khi gat bng, do trong dt c nhiu hat th, trn b mt mu c th c nhng vt lm. Lc
d phi ly dt du lp dy lai.
4.3.4 Tho ci ra khi d v dem cn dt cng ci vi d chnh xc dn 1 g. Sau d xc djnh khi
luong ca dt m.
Khi luong th tch ca dt m tnh theo cng thc (3):

w
w
m
J
(3)
trong d:


l khi luong th tch ca dt ng vi d m W, tnh bng gam trn xentimet khi (g/cm
3
);
m
w
l khi luong dt d m , tnh bng gam (g);
J l th tch ci dm, tnh bng xentimet khi (cm
3
).
TCVN 4201:2012
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CH THCH: Mi ln th nghim phi xc djnh d m ca dt. i vi dt loai ct cn ly mu xc djnh d m truc khi dm
nn; di vi dt loai st sau khi cn xong ly dt phn gia ca mu dt d dm d xc djnh d m.
4.3.5 Tip tuc th nghim nhu vy t nht nm ci dt d chun bj. Nu thy khi luong th tch tng
dn v sau d gim dn th thi. Nu chua dat, phi ly dt lm lai t du, hoc lm thm vi cc d
m khng ch thch hop. Khi dm, ng vi mt trj s d m no d thy c du hiu thot nuc ra t
ci th cho php dng lai.
4.4 Biu th[ kt qu
4.4.1. Cng dm nn A duoc tnh nhu sau (nu cn):
Cng dm nn A duoc tnh bng Niutonmt trn mt khi (Nm/m
3
), theo cng thc (4):

5
. . .
x10
.
n m g h
A
F a
(4)
trong d:
n l s ln dm mi lp;
m l khi luong ca ba dm, tnh bng kilgam (kg);
g l gia tc trong trung, g 981 cm/s
2
;
h l chiu cao roi ca ba, tnh bng xentimet (cm);
F l din tch tit din ci dm, tnh bng xentimet vung (cm
2
);
a l chiu dy lp dt dm, tnh bng xentimet (cm).
4.4.2 Khi luong th tch kh (
c
) duoc xc djnh theo cng thc (5):


10, 01.
w
c
W
(5)
trong d:

c
l khi luong th tch kh ca dt, tnh bng gam trn xentimet khi (g/cm
3
);
W l d m ca dt, tnh bng phn trm (%);

k
l khi luong th tch ca dt m, tnh bng gam trn xentimet khi (g/cm
3
);
4.4.3 Dng s liu th nghim d tnh ton v v dung cong quan h gia d m v khi luong th
tch kh. im cuc dai ca dung cong c toa d ng vi khi luong th tch kh ln nht v d m
tt nht ca dt (xem Hnh 2).
4.4.4 Nu trong mu dt c hat ln hon 5 mm chim trn 3 %, phi loai tr khi dm nn, th dng cc
cng thc hiu chinh (6) sau dy d tnh ton:
TCVN 4201:2012
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c
c
c
`
p`
` ;
p`-0, 01 (p`- )
` (1-0, 01 )
p
W W p
(6)
trong d:

c
l khi luong th tch kh ca dt c cha hat ln hon 5 mm, tnh bng gam trn xentimet
khi (g/cm
3
);

c
l khi luong th tch kh ca dt chi c hat nh hon 5 mm, tnh bng gam trn xentimet khi
(g/cm
3
);
p l khi luong th tch hat ca phn hat ln hon 5 mm, tnh bng gam trn xentimet khi
(g/cm
3
);
W l d m ca dt chi c hat nh hon 5 mm, tnh bng phn trm (%);
W

l d m ca dt c cha hat ln hon 5 mm, tnh bng phn trm (%);


p l hm luong ca cc hat ln hon 5 mm, tnh bng phn trm (%).


CH DN: W
tn
l

d m tt nht
Hnh 2 - ung dm cht tiu chun
4.4.5 Dng s liu tnh ton hiu chinh d v dung cong lin h gia d m v khi luong th tch kh
(c th v trn cng mt biu d khi chua hiu chinh). im cuc dai ca dung cong c toa d ng vi
khi luong th tch kh ln nht v d m tt nht ca dt c cha trn 3 % cc hat ln hon 5 mm. Vi
dt ct, dim cuc dai ca dung cong thung th hin khng r rng, v vy khng chi c mt gi trj d
m tt nht. Trung hop ny cn thuyt minh khi bo co kt qu th nghim.
4.4.6 kim tra dung dm cht tiu chun, c th biu din thm dung bo ho. ung ny biu
din khi luong th tch kh dat duoc do kh trong mu hon ton thot khi l rng nh dm cht lin
tuc. ung bo ho l dung cong l thuyt v phu thuc vo khi luong th tch hat ca dt, duoc
tnh theo cng thc (7):
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( )
p

p
10, 01
p
c bh
n
W
(7)
trong d:
( )

c bh
l khi luong th tch kh ca dt hon ton bo ho, tnh bng gam trn xentimet khi
(g/cm
3
);
p l khi luong th tch hat ca dt, tnh bng gam trn xentimet khi (g/cm
3
);
p
n
l khi luong th tch hat ca nuc, tnh bng gam trn xentimet khi (g/cm
3
);
W l d m ca dt, tnh bng phn trm (%).
Nhng cp gi trj cn thit d biu din dung bo ho duoc php rt ra t Bng 2, khi bit khi luong
th tch hat ca dt.
Nhng gi trj trung gian duoc xc djnh bng phuong php ni suy.
Bng 2 - Khi Iung th tch kh
c(bh)
ng vi khi Iung th tch hat ca dt
Khi Iung th
tch hat ca dt
g/cm
3

Khi Iung th tch kh ca dt (g/cm
3
) cc d m (%)
5 10 15 20 25 30
2,52 2,238 2,013 1,829 1,676 1,546 1,435
2,54 2,254 2,026 1,839 1,684 1,554 1,442
2,56 2,270 2,038 1,850 1,693 1,561 1,448
2,58 2,285 2,051 1,860 1,702 1,568 1,454
2,60 2,301 2,064 1,871 1,711 1,576 1,461
2,62 2,317 2,076 1,881 1,719 1,583 1,467
2,64 2,332 2,089 1,891 1,728 1,590 1,473
2,65 2,339 2,099 1,896 1,732 1,594 1,476
2,66 2,348 2,101 1,901 1,736 1,598 1,479
2,68 2,363 2,114 1,912 1,745 1,605 1,486
2,70 2,379 2,126 1,922 1,753 1,612 1,492
2,72 2,894 2,138 1,932 1,762 1,619 1,498
2,74 2,410 2,151 1,942 1,770 1,626 1,504
2,76 2,425 2,163 1,952 1,778 1,633 1,510
4.5 Bo co th nghim
Bo co th nghim phi c cc thng tin sau:
a) M t loai dt th nghim;
TCVN 4201:2012
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b) Phuong php th d s dung (Loai thit bj, s chy dm, s lp dm);
c) Hm luong si san (nu c);
d) V biu d quan h gia khi luong th tch kh v d m;
e) i trj d cht tiu chun, bng gam trn xentimet khi (g/cm
3
), chnh xc ti 0,01 g/cm
3
;
) i trj d m tt nht, tnh bng phn trm (%), chnh xc ti 0,01 %;
g) Kt qu hiu chinh ca gi trj d cht tiu chun v d m tt nht (nu c hm luong si san);
TCVN 4201:2012
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Ph Ic A
(Tham kho)
Biu mu th nghim xc d[nh d cht tiu chun
on vj yu cu:
Tn cng trnh:
Hang muc:
Tiu chun th nghim: Ngy th nghim:
KT QU TH NHM
. TH NHM M CHT
S In dm on v[ 1 2 3 4 5
Khi luong ci g
Th tch ci cm
3

Khi luong ci dt

g
Khi luong th tch ut g/cm
3


. TH NHM M
S In dm on v[ 1 2 3 4 5
S hiu hp
Khi luong hp dt ut g
Khi luong hp dt kh g
m %
m trung bnh %
Khi luong th tch kh g/cm
3


KT QU
m tt nht:
Khi luong th tch kh ln nht:


H Ni, ngy thng nm 20...
Tu vn Gim st Ngui th nghim Ngui kim tra Phng LAS... Co quan duyt
TCVN 4201:2012
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Ph Ic B
(Tham kho)
Cc thng s k thut ca mt s phuong php dm cht

B.1 Theo tiu chun 22TCN 333- 06
Bng B.1 - Cc thng s k thut tuong ng vi bn phuong php dm cht



TT



Thng s k thut
Phuong php dm cht
m nn tiu chun
(Phuong php I)
- Ba dm: 2,5 kg
- Chiu cao roi: 305 mm
m nn ci tin
(Phuong php II)
- Ba dm: 4,54 kg
- Chiu cao roi: 457 mm
Ci nh Ci ln Ci nh Ci ln
1 K hiu phuong php -A -D -A -D
2 ung knh trong ca ci dm, mm 101,6 152,4 101,6 152,4
3 Chiu cao ci dm, mm 116,43 116,43 116,43 116,43
4 Th tch ca ci dm, cm
3
943 2 124 943 2 124
5 C hat ln nht khi dm, mm 4,75 19,0 4,75 19,0
6 S lp dm 3 3 5 5
7 S chy dm trn lp 25 56 25 56
B.2 Theo tiu chun 14TCN 135-2005
Bng B.2 - Cc thng s k thut tuong ng vi cc phuong php dm cht



TT



Thng s k thut
Phuong php dm cht
m nn tiu chun
- Ba dm: 2,5 kg
- Chiu cao roi: 300 mm
m nn ci tin
- Ba dm: 4,5 kg
- Chiu cao roi: 450 mm
Ci nh Ci ln Ci nh Ci ln
1 ung knh trong ca ci dm, mm 100 152 100 152
2 Chiu cao ci dm, mm 127 127 127 127
3 Th tch ca ci dm, cm
3
1 000 2 305 1 000 2 305
4 C hat ln nht khi dm, mm 5 5 dn 20 5 5 dn 20
5 S lp dm 3 3 3 3
6 S chy dm trn lp 30 (hoc 40) 70
(hoc 90)
22
(hoc 30)
50 (hoc 68)

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