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Section 5.

4 Notes Page 1
5.4 Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas


Product-to-Sum Formulas

| | ) cos( ) cos(
2
1
sin sin y x y x y x + =
| | ) cos( ) cos(
2
1
cos cos y x y x y x + + =
| | ) sin( ) sin(
2
1
cos sin y x y x y x + + =

EXAMPLE: Simplify: ) 4 sin( ) 6 sin( u u using a product-to-sum formula.

We will use the first formula | | ) cos( ) cos(
2
1
sin sin y x y x y x + = with u 6 = x and u 4 = y
| ) 4 6 cos( ) 4 6 cos(
2
1
u u u u + | Now simplify.

| | ) 10 cos( ) 2 cos(
2
1
u u This is as far as we can go.

EXAMPLE: Simplify: ) cos( ) 3 cos( u u using a product-to-sum formula.

We will use the formula | | ) cos( ) cos(
2
1
cos cos y x y x y x + + = with u 3 = x and u = y .

| ) 3 cos( ) 3 cos(
2
1
u u u u + + | Now simplify.

| | ) 4 cos( ) 2 cos(
2
1
u u + This is as far as we can go.


EXAMPLE: Simplify: ) 5 cos( ) 3 sin( u u using a product-to-sum formula.

We will use the formula | | ) sin( ) sin(
2
1
cos sin y x y x y x + + = with u 3 = x and u 5 = y .
| ) 5 3 sin( ) 5 3 sin(
2
1
u u u u + + | Now simplify.

| ) 8 sin( ) 2 sin(
2
1
u u + | We will use the identity u u 2 sin ) 2 sin( = .

| | ) 8 sin( ) 2 sin(
2
1
u u + or | ) 2 sin( ) 8 sin(
2
1
u u | is as far as we can go.
Section 5.4 Notes Page 2
EXAMPLE: Find the exact value of
12
cos
12
5
cos
t t
using a product-to-sum formula.

We will use the formula | | ) cos( ) cos(
2
1
cos cos y x y x y x + + = with
12
5t
= x and
12
t
= y .

(

|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|

12 12
5
cos
12 12
5
cos
2
1 t t t t
Now simplify.

(

|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
2
cos
3
cos
2
1 t t
We can use our table to get the values of these trig functions.

4
1
0
2
1
2
1
=
(

+ .



Sum-to-Product Formulas

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| +
= +
2
cos
2
sin 2 sin sin
y x y x
y x
|
.
|

\
| +
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
cos
2
sin 2 sin sin
y x y x
y x
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| +
= +
2
cos
2
cos 2 cos cos
y x y x
y x
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| +
=
2
sin
2
sin 2 cos cos
y x y x
y x



EXAMPLE: Simplify: ( ) ( ) u u 3 sin 5 sin using a sum-to-product formula.

We will use the formula |
.
|

\
| +
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
cos
2
sin 2 sin sin
y x y x
y x with u 5 = x and u 3 = y .

|
.
|

\
| +
|
.
|

\
|
2
3 5
cos
2
3 5
sin 2
u u u u
Now simplify.

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
8
cos
2
2
sin 2
u u


( ) ( ) u u 4 cos sin 2 We cant simplify this anymore, so we are done.



Section 5.4 Notes Page 3
EXAMPLE: Simplify: ( ) ( ) u u 2 cos 3 cos + using a sum-to-product formula.

We will use the formula |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| +
= +
2
cos
2
cos 2 cos cos
y x y x
y x with u 3 = x and u 2 = y .

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| +
2
2 3
cos
2
2 3
cos 2
u u u u
Now simplify.

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
cos
2
5
cos 2
u u
We cant simplify anymore, so we are done.


EXAMPLE: Simplify: ( ) ( ) u u 7 cos 4 cos using a sum-to-product formula.

We will use the formula
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| +
=
2
cos
2
sin 2 cos cos
y x y x
y x with u 4 = x and u 7 = y .

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| +

2
7 4
sin
2
7 4
sin 2
u u u u
Now simplify.

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
3
sin
2
11
sin 2
u u
We can use the identity |
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
2
3
sin
2
3
sin
u u
.

|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|

2
3
sin
2
11
sin 2
u u


|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
3
sin
2
11
sin 2
u u



EXAMPLE: Find the exact value of using a sum-to-product formula.

75 sin 15 sin +

We will use the formula
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| +
= +
2
cos
2
sin 2 sin sin
y x y x
y x with and .

15 = x

75 = y

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
| +
2
75 15
cos
2
75 15
sin 2

Simplify.

( ) ( )

30 cos 45 sin 2 From here we can use our table to get the exact values.

2
6
2
3
2
2
2 = .

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