Another relatively new concept which is well in line with the green value chain concept is termed as Environmental

Responsible Manufacturing (ERM). By minimizing waste, companies can reduce disposal costs, and permit requirements, avoid environmental fines, boost profits, discover new morale, protect and improve the state of the environment. The modern manufacturing strategy is Green Manufacturing, which integrates all issues related to manufacturing with ultimate goal to reduce and minimize environmental impact and resource consumption during a product life cycle inclusive of designing, synthesis, processing, packaging, transportation, and the use of products in continuous or discrete manufacturing industries.