Fm-Ec145 241202201

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2
LIMITATIONS
SECTION 2
LIMITATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.6 2.6.1 2.6.2 2.7 2.7.1 2.8 2.9 2.9.1 2.9.2 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.12.1 2.12.2 2.12.3 2.12.4 2.12.5 2.12.6 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 KINDS OF OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 BASIS OF CERTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 MINIMUM FLIGHT CREW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 MASS AND LOAD LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Maximum gross mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Minimum gross mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Loading limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Tie-down ring limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 Longitudinal center of gravity limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 Lateral center of gravity limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 Forward flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 ALTITUDE LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 Ambient air temperature limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 Battery temperature limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 ROTOR RPM LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION POWER LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 OTHER ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 Engine oil pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 Engine oil temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 Engine starter / generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 Main transmission oil pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 Main transmission oil temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
EASA APPROVED Rev. 13
2i

LIMITATIONS
2.13 2.13.1 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.13.4 2.14 2.14.1 2.14.2 2.15 2.15.1 2.15.2 2.15.3 2.16 2.16.1 2.16.2 2.16.3 2.16.4 2.16.5 2.17 2.17.1
FUEL LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 Fuel specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 Fuel temperature limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 11 Fuel additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 12 Fuel quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 12 OIL LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13 Oil specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13 Oil quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13 Hydraulic pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13 Hydraulic system quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13 Hydraulic fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13 OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14 Prohibited flight maneuvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14 Rotor starting and stopping in high wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14 Hover turns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14 Main rotor mast moment limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14 Slope operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 15 INSTRUMENT MARKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16 Analogue instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16
2.17.1.1 Airspeed indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16 2.17.1.2 Triple tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16 2.17.2 VEMD-displayed instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 17 2.17.2.1 First limit indicator (FLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 17 2.17.2.2 Engine / transmission oil temperature / pressure bar graph indicators . . . 2 20 2.17.2.3 Engine / transmission oil temperature / pressure bar graph markings . . . . 2 21 2.18 PLACARDS AND DECALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 22
2 ii

LIMITATIONS
LIST OF FIGURES
Page Fig. 2-1 Fig. 2-2 Fig. 2-3 Fig. 2-4 Fig. 2-5 Fig. 2-6 Fig. 2-7 Allowable C.G. envelope (longitudinal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 Temperature limits for approved primary fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 11 Mast moment indicator on the FLI page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14 FLI marking symbology on analogue display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 18 Digital data display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 19 Typical bar graph display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 20 Engine/transmission oil temperature/pressure bar graph markings . . . . . 2 21
2 iii/(2 iv blank)

LIMITATIONS
SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS
WARNING IF ANY LIMITATION HAS BEEN EXCEEDED, MAINTENANCE ACTION MAY BE REQUIRED AND NECESSARY BEFORE NEXT FLIGHT. ENTER DURATION AND AMOUNT OF EXCESS IN LOGBOOK AND APPROPRIATE SYSTEM LOGBOOK (FOR EXAMPLE ENGINE LOGBOOK). 2.1 GENERAL This helicopter shall be operated in compliance with the limitations of this section. For definitions of terms, abbreviations and symbols used in this section refer to section 1. 2.2 KINDS OF OPERATION The helicopter in its basic configuration is certified for land operation under day and night Visual Flight Rules (VFR) provided that the equipment required by operational regulations is installed and serviceable. With special equipment installed and operative and under observance of the procedures and limitations, described in FMS 9.2-8, the helicopter is also certified for land operation under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR). With the emergency flotation system (optional equipment FMS 9.2-9) the helicopter can be operated over water in accordance to the national operating regulations. 2.3 BASIS OF CERTIFICATION This helicopter is certified under FAR 29 requirements. 2.4 MINIMUM FLIGHT CREW / MAXIMUM NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS The minimum flight crew consists of one pilot operating the helicopter from the right crew seat. The maximum number of occupants comprises up to 11 persons (including flight crew).
21

LIMITATIONS
2.5 2.5.1
MASS AND LOAD LIMITS Maximum gross mass The maximum permissible takeoff and landing gross mass, as a function of the given atmospheric conditions (Pa, OAT), is to be derived from the relevant HOVER CEILING IN GROUND EFFECT (TAKEOFF POWER) performance chart in section 5 of this manual. Maximum approved gross mass for flight is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3585 kg
2.5.2
Minimum gross mass Minimum approved gross mass for flight is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1750 kg
2.5.3
Loading limits Maximum allowable floor loading is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 kg/m2 CAUTION CARGO, BAGGAGE AND LOOSE ITEMS MUST BE PROPERLY STOWED AND TIED DOWN IN ORDER TO MAKE IN-FLIGHT SHIFTING IMPOSSIBLE (SEE ALSO REMARKS IN SECTION 6).
2.5.4
Tie-down ring limits Maximum allowable load per tie-down ring is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 kg
22

LIMITATIONS
2.6 2.6.1
CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITATIONS Longitudinal center of gravity limits Station zero (datum) is an imaginary vertical plane, perpendicular to the aircraft centerline and located 3950 mm forward of the leveling point (see section 6).
3.750 3.500 3.250 GROSS WEIGHT [kg] 3.000 2.750 2.500 2.250 2.000 1.750 1.500 4.200 4.300
B
XSTA [mm] A 4377 B 4544 C 4667 D 4337 GW [kg] 3585 3585 1750 2000
D C
4.400 4.500 4.600 4.700 4.800
XSTA [mm]
Fig. 2-1 Allowable CG envelope (longitudinal)
2.6.2
Lateral center of gravity limits Lateral center of gravity limits left and right of the fuselage centerline are: for a gross mass up to 3000 kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 mm for a gross mass above 3000 kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 mm
23

LIMITATIONS
2.7
AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS NOTE All airspeed values given in this manual are indicated airspeed (IAS) unless otherwise indicated.
2.7.1
Forward flight The following tables (Table 2-1 and 2-2) show the airspeed limits under various atmospheric conditions (Pa, OAT). Table 2-1 applies when the helicopters gross mass is up to 3000 kg, Table 2-2 applies when the helicopters gross mass is greater than 3000 kg.
Pressure Altitude - ft -
OAT - C 45 35 30 20 10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 150 145 140 130 120 +50 150 140 130 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 145 145 145 145 145 145 145 140 140 145 145 145 145 145 135 135 140 145 145 145 140 125 130 130 135 135 135 130 115 120 125 130 130 125 120 110 115 120 125 120 115 110 105 110 115 115 110 105 100 100 105 110 105 100 95 90 VNE -KIAS- for any takeoff gross mass up 150 150 150 145 145 140 140 135 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 85 to 3000 kg
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
BK117 C2
Table 2-1 Never-exceed speed for any takeoff gross mass up to 3000 kg (VNE kts IAS)
Pressure Altitude - ft -
OAT - C 45 35 30 20 10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 140 135 130 120 110 +50 140 130 120 145 145 145 145 145 145 145 145 145 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 135 135 135 140 140 140 140 135 135 130 130 130 135 135 135 135 130 125 130 130 130 130 130 130 125 120 115 125 125 125 125 125 120 115 110 105 115 120 120 120 115 110 105 100 95 110 115 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 105 105 105 100 95 90 85 80 100 95 90 85 85 80 80 75 VNE -KIAS- for any takeoff gross mass above 3000 kg
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
BK117 C2
Table 2-2 Never-exceed speed for any takeoff gross mass above 3000 kg (VNE kts IAS) VNE for OEI operation under all conditions is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 kts or as shown in the VNE- tables (Table 2-1 or 2-2), whichever is less. VNE for steady autorotation under all conditions is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 kts or as shown in the VNE- tables (Table 2-1 or 2-2), whichever is less. EASA APPROVED Rev. 6
24

LIMITATIONS
2.8
ALTITUDE LIMITATIONS Maximum operating altitude is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 000 ft PA. Maximum operating altitude for hover in ground effect / takeoff and landing is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 000 ft DA or 18 000 ft PA, whichever is less.
2.9
ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING CONDITIONS Flights with closed NACA inlets (PUSH FOR AIR knob pulled) (e.g. under extreme smoke, smog conditions) are restricted to 30 minutes to prevent avionics overheating. If the CPDS OVHT caution indication comes on during this 30 minutes, proceed according to CPDS OVHT caution indication,
2.9.1
Ambient air temperature limitations bMinimum air temperature (If cold weather kit P/N B854M2001051and Bleed air heating and CAD P/N C19243EA04...B04 and VEMD P/N B19030NA04...B04 are approved and installed): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 _C Minimum air temperature (without cold weather kit P/N B854M2001051and/or Bleed air heating (Keith)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 _C Minimum air temperature (with Bleed air heating defective or not installed) . . . . . +10 _C Maximum air temperature is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ISA + 35_C (max. + 50_C) If OAT w +35_C, the oil cooler block plate LH/RH (P/N B854K2101/202) must be removed. If OAT w +35_C, try to lower cockpit temperature by means of ventilation. The max. operating time on ground is 30 minutes. NOTE See also the chart for fuel temperature limits (Fig. 2-2) in this section.
2.9.2
Battery temperature limitations For engine startup at outside air temperatures below 20_C using the aircraft battery, the aircraft battery shall be preheated to at least 20_C.
25

LIMITATIONS
2.10
ROTOR RPM LIMITATIONS CONDITION Minimum transient (max. 20 s) Minimum continuous GM v 2000 kg GM u 2000 kg Maximum continuous Partial power (max. 5 min) Torque v2 x 30% Maximum transient (max. 12 s) NOTE Power ON 85 % 96 % 96 % 104 % 106 % 106 % Power OFF 80 % 85 % 104 % 110 %
During normal (Power ON) operations, the rotor speed is governed automatically as a function of density altitude and airspeed (see section 7, para. 7.13)
26

LIMITATIONS
2.11
ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION POWER LIMITATIONS Engine: Transmission: CAUTION Turbomeca ARRIEL 1E2 Kawasaki B632K1001051
THE OEI POWER RATINGS ARE LIMITED TO USE ONLY AFTER ACTUAL FAILURE OF AN ENGINE OR FOR MAINTENANCE CHECKFLIGHTS (ACC. TO THE MAINTENANCE MANUAL), EXCEPT FOR THE MCP VALUES, WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR TRAINING (ONLY IF TRAINING DEVICE, FMS 9.13 IS NOT INSTALLED) OR DEMONSTRATION PURPOSES. FLI marking
Transmission (helicopter) limits
Engine operating limits max. N1-SPEED 2) % max. TOT _C 865 785
max. torque CONDITION Starting transient (max. 5 sec) Starting All engines operating Takeoff power (5 min) VvVy Max. continuous power
One engine inoperative
% 11.0 8.5
10.0 9.0
2 x 83 2 x 71
100.2101.9 98.8100.0
845 845
2.5 min. power Max. continuous power
12.0 11.0
125 91.5
101.8103.3 1) 100.2101.9
885
1)
845
1) Record the duration, maximum N1 and maximum TOT in the helicopter and engine logbooks. After a maximum total of 15 minutes, maintenance action is required (refer to the engine maintenance manual). Only times of application greater than 10 s for a single event are to be accumulated. 2) N1 speed (true value) as shown on the N1 digital display. Since the true N1 speed limits are functions of PA and OAT, the table shows the ranges of variability for the upper limits. The engine is protected against a continuous N1 overspeed/over TOT by a limiting device in the fuel flow system. This stop is set above the 2.5min power limits at approx. 104.4% N1. However, inadvertant dynamical overshoot in N1 and TOT may occur when this stop is reached. The engine is not protected against overTOT by a limiting device in the fuel flow system during engine start.
EFFECTIVITY H/C up to S/N 9033 and before SB MBB BK117 C-231001
27

LIMITATIONS
NOTE D The N2speed limitations are the same as the rotor rpm limitations (see para 2.10) D The N1speed limitations change according to PA and OAT D FLI limitations may be torque limits (low altitude) or compressor rating limits (N1), depending on the flight conditions (PA, OAT) D A transient AEO torque limit of 2 x 90% (10.8 FLI) and a transient OEI torque limit of 140% torque (14.0 FLI) have been established for VvVy and unintended use of max. 12 seconds duration only. D A transient AEO N1 limit of 103,3% (10.5 FLI) and a transient OEI N1 limit of 107% for inadvertent use of max. 12 seconds duration only, have been established. Exceeding of any one of those limits requires maintenance action (refer to the maintenance manual). 2.12 2.12.1 OTHER ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION LIMITATIONS Engine oil pressure Minimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 bar Caution range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 bar to 1.5 bar Continuous operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 bar to 5.0 bar Maximum continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 bar NOTE 2.12.2 Exceeding 5.0 bar oil pressure is allowed for transient operation during the start cycle and warm up at ground idle only.
Engine oil temperature Minimum for starting: Oil viscosity 3 cSt and 3.9 cSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -45C Oil viscosity 5 cSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40C Minimum for power application: Oil viscosity 3 cSt and 3.9 cSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10C Oil viscosity 5 cSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0C Maximum operating temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115C
28

LIMITATIONS
2.11
ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION POWER LIMITATIONS Engine: Transmission: CAUTION Turbomeca ARRIEL 1E2 Kawasaki B632K1001051
THE OEI POWER RATINGS ARE LIMITED TO USE ONLY AFTER ACTUAL FAILURE OF AN ENGINE OR FOR MAINTENANCE CHECKFLIGHTS (ACC. TO THE MAINTENANCE MANUAL), EXCEPT FOR THE MCP VALUES, WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR TRAINING (ONLY IF TRAINING DEVICE, FMS 9.13 IS NOT INSTALLED) OR DEMONSTRATION PURPOSES. FLI marking
Transmission (helicopter) limits
Engine operating limits max. N1-SPEED 2) % max. TOT _C 865 785
max. torque CONDITION Starting transient (max. 5 sec) Starting All engines operating Takeoff power (5 min) VvVy Max. continuous power
One engine inoperative
% 11.0 8.5
10.0 9.0
2 x 88 2 x 71
100.2101.9 98.8100.0
845 845
2.5 min. power Max. continuous power
12.0 11.0
125 91.5
101.8103.3 1) 100.2101.9
885
1)
845
1) Record the duration, maximum N1 and maximum TOT in the helicopter and engine logbooks. After a maximum total of 15 minutes, maintenance action is required (refer to the engine maintenance manual). Only times of application greater than 10 s for a single event are to be accumulated. 2) N1 speed (true value) as shown on the N1 digital display. Since the true N1 speed limits are functions of PA and OAT, the table shows the ranges of variability for the upper limits. The engine is protected against a continuous N1 overspeed/over TOT by a limiting device in the fuel flow system. This stop is set above the 2.5min power limits at approx. 104.4% N1. However, inadvertant dynamical overshoot in N1 and TOT may occur when this stop is reached. The engine is not protected against overTOT by a limiting device in the fuel flow system during engine start.
EFFECTIVITY H/C with S/N 9034 and subsequent or after SB MBB BK117 C-231001 27

LIMITATIONS
NOTE D The N2speed limitations are the same as the rotor rpm limitations (see para 2.10) D The N1speed limitations change according to PA and OAT D FLI limitations may be torque limits (low altitude) or compressor rating limits (N1), depending on the flight conditions (PA, OAT) D A transient AEO torque limit of 2 x 97% (10.5 FLI) and a transient OEI torque limit of 140% torque (14.0 FLI) have been established for VvVy and unintented use of max. 12 seconds duration only. D A transient AEO N1 limit of 103.3% (10.5 FLI) and a transient OEI N1 limit of 107,5% for inadvertent use of max. 12 seconds duration only, have been established. Exceeding of any one of those limits requires maintenance action (refer to the maintenance manual) 2.12 2.12.1 OTHER ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION LIMITATIONS Engine oil pressure Minimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 bar Caution range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 bar to 1.5 bar Continuous operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 bar to 5.0 bar Maximum continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 bar NOTE 2.12.2 Exceeding 5.0 bar oil pressure is allowed for transient operation during the start cycle and warm up at ground idle only.
Engine oil temperature Minimum for starting: Oil viscosity 3 cSt and 3.9 cSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -45C Oil viscosity 5 cSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40C Minimum for power application: Oil viscosity 3 cSt and 3.9 cSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10C Oil viscosity 5 cSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0C Maximum operating temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115C
EFFECTIVITY H/C with S/N 9034 and subsequent or after SB MBB BK117 C-231001 28

LIMITATIONS
2.12.3
Engine starter/generator To prevent starter overheat damage, the starter energize time is limited as follows: External power 1) 20 seconds - ON 60 seconds - OFF 20 seconds - ON 60 seconds - OFF 20 seconds - ON 30 minutes - OFF Onboard battery 2) 30 seconds - ON 60 seconds - OFF 30 seconds - ON 60 seconds - OFF 30 seconds - ON 30 minutes - OFF
The 30 minute cooling period is required before beginning another starting cycle. The starter energize time is the time which elapses between initiation of the starter and ignition in the turbine. For engine ventilation the starter energize time is limited as follows: (see section 4, para. 4.12) External power 1) 15 seconds - ON 60 seconds - OFF 15 seconds - ON 23 minutes
1)
Onboard battery 2) 20 seconds - ON 60 seconds - OFF 20 seconds - ON 23 minutes - OFF
- OFF
28 Volt ground power unit limited to 800 A (occasional starts using a 1000 A power supply can be tolerated). Min. battery capacity: 27 Ah
2)
2.12.4
Generator Maximum continuous load per generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 A Total maximum continuous load (power supply through both generators) . . . . . . . . 360 A
2.12.5
Main transmission oil pressure Minimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 bar Caution range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 bar - 1.5 bar Continuous operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 bar - 5.0 bar Maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 bar NOTE XMSN OIL PRESS warning light illumination is acceptable in the range from 1.0 to 1.4 bar during the pressure build-up phase.
2.12.6
Main transmission oil temperature Continuous operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 C - 105 C Maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 C
29

LIMITATIONS
2.13 2.13.1
FUEL LIMITATIONS Fuel specification NOTE Specifications apply to the latest index, latest amendment in force.
Fuel conforming to the following specification is authorised for use:
TYPE OF FUEL
Kerosene-50 (AVTUR-FS II) JP-8 Kerosene-50 (AVTUR) JET A-1 JP-8+100
NATO SYMBOL
SPECIFICATION
Normal Unrestricted Fuels USA UK
D.ENG.RD 2453 D.ENG.RD 2494
CAN
RF
AIR 3405F-34 AIR 3405F-35
CIS
F 34
MIL-T-83 133 JP-8 ASTMD-1655 JET A-1 MILDTL-83 133 JP-8 ASTMD-1655 JET A ASTMD-1655 JET B MIL-T -5624 JP-4
F 35 F 37
2.3.23
Kerosene
Wide-cut
D.ENG.RD 24542
Wide-cut JP-4 (AVTAG-FS II) High flash point Kerosene (AVCAT) High flash point Kerosene JP-5 (AVCAT-FS II) Kerosene -1,
F 40
2.3.24
AIR 3407
F 43
D.ENG.RD 2493
AIR 3404F-43 AIR 3404F-44
F 44
MIL-T -5624 JP-5
D.ENG.RD 2452
10227/86
Normally JP4/JP5/JP8/JP8+100 fuels are preblended with antiicing additives. It is the operators responsibility to make certain that the fuel used contains an antiicing addtive when necessary. Additional antiicing additives shall not be added to preblended fuels. (see 2.13.3) EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
2 10

LIMITATIONS
In case of contingency, the following fuels may be used as substitutes for normal fuels (add 2% of mineral oil if possible). However, their use is restricted and limited to a certain amount of time so as not to affect the engine TBO. Maximum time of use between overhaul: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 hours Maximum pressure altitude: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1500 ft Maximum fuel temperature: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30C
TYPE OF FUEL
NATO SYMBOL
SPECIFICATION
Replacement fuels USA UK
D.ENG RD 2485 DEF. 2401
FRANCE
AIR 3401 80/87 AIR 3401 100/130 AIR 3401 115/145 DCEA/2DMT80
Aviation fuel (AVGAS)
F 12 F 18 F 22 F 46
MIL-G-5572 Grade 80/87 MIL-G-5572 Grade 100/130 MIL-G-5572 Grade 115/145 MIL-G-3056
Motor car petrol Petrol for tanks
2.13.2
Fuel temperature limits

20_C 50_C 35_C 15_C 54_C 44_C
PRESSURE ALTITUDE FEET
18000 15000 14000
Jet A, Jet A1, Jet B, JP-8, JP-8+100, , -1 Jet A1, Jet B, , -1 Jet A1, Jet B, JP-4, , -1 50 40 30 Jet A, Jet A1, Jet B, JP 8, JP-8+100, JP 5 , -1 Jet A, Jet A1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-8, JP-8+100, , -1 20 10
10000
Jet A, Jet A1, JP-8, Jet A, JP-8+100, Jet A1 , -1 Jet A, Jet A1, JP-8, JP-8+100, JP-5, , -1 10 20 30 40 50 54 PA=6000ft
5000
FUEL TEMPERATURE _C
Fig. 2-2
Temperature limits for approved primary fuels
BK-33,16
2 11

LIMITATIONS
2.13.3
Fuel additives Anti-icing fuel additives When operating at fuel temperatures below -10C (14F) with not pre-blended fuels (see 2.13.1), icing protection is to be provided with anti-icing fuel additives: Fuel System Anti-Icing Additives/ Icing Inhibitors (FSII) T Type EGME DiEGME NATO symbol S748 S1745 Joint Service Designat AL31 AL41 Specifications USA MIL-I27686 MIL-I85470 UK DERD 2451 DEF STAN 68-252 FRANCE AIR 3652 AIR 3652 CIS
When using fuels with anti-icing additives (pre-blended or added) it has to be assured that the following requirement is fulfilled: Concentration by volume: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Max 0.15%, Min 0.10% Other fuel additives Anti-static additive: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHELL ASA 3, STADIS 450 Concentration by volume: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Max 0.00001%
Anti-oxidizing, de-activator of metals, anti-corrosion in conformity with approved specifications in force. Fungicide (Biobor) limited to one treatment every 500 operating hours or every 3 months. 2.13.4 Fuel quantities TANK Main Supply (left) Supply (right) Totals USABLE FUEL liters 741.5 59.0 67.0 867.5 kilograms 593.2 47.2 53.6 694.0 UNUSABLE FUEL liters 4.1 3.75 3.75 11.6 kilograms 3.3 3.0 3.0 9.3
Fuel mass values are based on a fuel density of 0.8 kg/liter. The usable fuel quantity is empty when zero is indicated on the relevant fuel quantity gauge.
2 12

LIMITATIONS
2.14 2.14.1
OIL LIMITATIONS Oil specifications Oil type Engine Main transmission Intermediate gearbox Tail rotor gearbox Main rotor hub
MIL-L-23699 MIL-L-7808 MIL-L-23699 MIL-L-23699 MIL-L-23699 MIL-L-23699
OAT limit
40 C 45 to +15 C 45 C 45 C 45 C 45 C
2.14.2
Oil quantities Liters Engines (each tank) Usable Unusable Total Main transmission Intermediate gearbox Tail rotor gearbox Main rotor hub 3.93 0.40 4.33 12.50 0.75 0.65 1.90 3.97 0.40 4.37 12.60 0.76 0.66 1.92 Kilograms
Oil mass values are based on an oil density of 1.01 kg/liter 2.15 2.15.1 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM LIMITATIONS Hydraulic pressures Minimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6900 Caution range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6900 kPa to 9000 Continuous operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9000 kPa to 12000 Caution range(high pressure relief valve starts to open) . . . . . . . 12000 kPa to 12200 Maximum (max. fluid flow at high pressure relief valve) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15000 2.15.2 Hydraulic system quantities Liters Hydraulic system 1 Hydraulic system 2 2.15.3 Hydraulic fluid Hydraulic fluid type MIL-H-5606 is authorized for use at all ambient temperatures. EASA APPROVED Rev. 13 1.0 1.2 kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa
2 13

LIMITATIONS
2.16 2.16.1
OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS Prohibited flight maneuvers The following are prohibited: aerobatic maneuvers intentional full autorotation landings flight into icing conditions. In case that icing conditions are entered unexpectedly, the icing zone shall be left in the quickest possible way.
2.16.2
Rotor starting and stopping in high wind Starting and stopping the rotor is authorized in up to max. 50 kts wind from all horizontal directions.
2.16.3
Hover turns For gross mass up to 3200 kg . . . . . . . . . . . maximum 45/s (8 seconds for a 360 turn) For gross mass above 3200 kg . . . . . . . . . . maximum 30/s (12 seconds for a 360 turn)
2.16.4
Main rotor mast moment limits
Fig. 2-3
Mast moment indicator on the FLI page
The mast moment indicator, displayed on the FLI page, indicates the bending moment of the main rotor mast. The limit (marked with a red bar) shall not be reached. Maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red bar Caution range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yellow region Normal range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . left side of yellow region NOTE D Upon reaching the red bar a warning gong comes on, a red box appears around the word LIMIT, and MM becomes underlined red. All these signals disappear upon leaving the red bar. In case that mast moment is higher than 77% the MM EXCEED caution comes on and will not disappear until power off. D On CPDS Flight Report page the message OVERLIMIT DETECTED will come on upon reaching 64% mast moment. A logbook entry and maintenance action are required whenever the limit (marked with a red bar) has been exceeded.
2 14

LIMITATIONS
2.14 2.14.1
OIL LIMITATIONS Oil specifications Oil type Engine Main transmission Intermediate gearbox Tail rotor gearbox Main rotor hub
MIL-L-23699 MIL-L-7808 MIL-L-23699 MIL-L-23699 MIL-L-23699 MIL-L-23699
OAT limit
40 C 45 to +15 C 45 C 45 C 45 C 45 C
2.14.2
Oil quantities Liters Engines (each tank) Usable Unusable Total Main transmission Intermediate gearbox Tail rotor gearbox Main rotor hub 3.93 0.40 4.33 12.50 0.75 0.65 1.90 3.97 0.40 4.37 12.60 0.76 0.66 1.92 Kilograms
Oil mass values are based on an oil density of 1.01 kg/liter 2.15 2.15.1 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM LIMITATIONS Hydraulic pressures Minimum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6900 Caution range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6900 kPa to 9000 Continuous operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9000 kPa to 12000 Caution range(high pressure relief valve starts to open) . . . . . . . 12000 kPa to 12200 Maximum (max. fluid flow at high pressure relief valve) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15000 2.15.2 Hydraulic system quantities Liters Hydraulic system 1 Hydraulic system 2 2.15.3 Hydraulic fluid Hydraulic fluid type MIL-H-5606 is authorized for use at all ambient temperatures. EASA APPROVED Rev. 13 1.0 1.2 kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa
2 13

LIMITATIONS
2.16 2.16.1
OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS Prohibited flight maneuvers The following are prohibited: aerobatic maneuvers intentional full autorotation landings flight into icing conditions. In case that icing conditions are entered unexpectedly, the icing zone shall be left in the quickest possible way.
2.16.2
Rotor starting and stopping in high wind Starting and stopping the rotor is authorized in up to max. 50 kts wind from all horizontal directions.
2.16.3
Hover turns For gross mass up to 3200 kg . . . . . . . . . . . maximum 45/s (8 seconds for a 360 turn) For gross mass above 3200 kg . . . . . . . . . . maximum 30/s (12 seconds for a 360 turn)
2.16.4
Main rotor mast moment limits
64% 77% 90% zone markings Fig. 2-3 Mast moment indicator on the FLI page The mast moment indicator, displayed on the FLI page, indicates the bending moment of the main rotor mast. The limit (marked with a red bar) shall not be reached. Maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red bar Caution range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yellow region Normal range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . left side of yellow region NOTE D Upon reaching the red bar a warning gong comes on, a red box appears around the word LIMIT, and MM becomes underlined red. All these signals disappear upon leaving the red bar. In case that mast moment is higher than 77% the MM EXCEED caution comes on and will not disappear until power off. D On CPDS Flight Report page the accumulated time which has been spent in each zone (see fig 2-3) during flight and the max. MM will be displayed. A logbook entry and maintenance action are required whenever the limit (red bar) has been exceeded.
EFFECTIVITY H/C with S/N 9034 and subsequent or after SB MBB BK117 C-231001 2 14

LIMITATIONS
2.16.5
Slope operations CAUTION DO NOT EXCEED THE ALLOWABLE MAST MOMENT LIMITS.
Slope operations (takeoff/landing) are limited in the degree of sloping terrain upon which the maneuver may be performed. Ground sloping down to the left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. 11_ Ground sloping down to the right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. 6_ Ground sloping nose up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. 8_ Ground sloping nose down (if terrain allows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . max. 8_
2 15

LIMITATIONS
2.17
INSTRUMENT MARKINGS The pointers and scales of the instruments are marked as follows: Left systems (engine, fuel,...) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Right systems (engine, fuel,...) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Main rotor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R Minimum and maximum limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red radial Maximum continuous power OEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dashed yellow radial 2.5 min power OEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dashed red radial Transient limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red dot Starting transient limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red triangle (filled) Normal starting limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red triangle (unfilled) Normal/continuous range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . green arc Start, HOGE and caution range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yellow arc Never exceed speed - power off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red cross-hatched radial
2.17.1
Analogue instruments
2.17.1.1 Airspeed indicator 0 kt 30 kt 150 kt 90 kt to to 30 kt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yellow arc 150 kt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . green arc
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red radial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red cross-hatched radial
2.17.1.2 Triple tachometer Engine RPM (N2, power on): 96% 96% 104% 106% 80% 80% 85% 104% 110% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red radial to 104% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . green arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red radial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red dot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red radial to to 85% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yellow arc 104% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . green arc
Rotor RPM (power off):
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red radial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . red dot
2 16

LIMITATIONS
2.17.2
VEMD-displayed instruments
2.17.2.1 First limit indicator (FLI) The first limit indicator (FLI) (Fig. 2-4) gives an analogue indication of the limiting parameter associated with the helicopter engine primary limitations for: N1, TOT or torque. This indication is completed by the display of digital data for the three parameters. The dial scale of the analogue display is arbitrary and does not represent a percent value. NOTE Even though the rotor is stopped it is possible that due to torque calibration tolerance, a digital torque value of up to 3% is indicated and the needle of first limit indicator is in 0 position. In that case no corrective action is necessary.
2 17

LIMITATIONS
Max. TOT starting (appears only during starting) TOT starting transient (appears only during starting) AEO takeoff power range; max. 5 min AEO max. takeoff power; OEI max. continuous power OEI 2.5 min. power AEO transient; max. 12 sec. OEI transient; max. 12 sec.
EC145_FLH_0012_R
Fig. 2-4
FLI marking symbology on analogue display EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
2 18

LIMITATIONS
2.17.2
VEMD-displayed instruments
2.17.2.1 First limit indicator (FLI) The first limit indicator (FLI) (Fig. 2-4) gives an analogue indication of the limiting parameter associated with the helicopter engine primary limitations for: N1, TOT or torque. This indication is completed by the display of digital data for the three parameters. The dial scale of the analogue display is arbitrary and does not represent a percent value. NOTE Even though the rotor is stopped it is possible that due to torque calibration tolerance, a digital torque value of up to 3% is indicated and the needle of first limit indicator is in 0 position. In that case no corrective action is necessary.
2 17

LIMITATIONS
Max. TOT starting (appears only during starting) TOT starting transient (appears only during starting) AEO takeoff power range; max. 5 min AEO max. takeoff power; OEI max. continuous power OEI 2.5 min. power AEO transient; max. 12 sec. OEI transient; max. 12 sec.
EC145_FLH_0012_R
Fig. 2-4
FLI marking symbology on analogue display EASA APPROVED Rev. 15

LIMITATIONS
a)
b) Fig. 2-5
c) Digital data display
d)
A value that is within the normal operating range is displayed as shown in Fig. 2-5 a). A solid white rectangle associated with a parameter indicates which is the limiting parameter (Fig. 2-5 b)). If operation in a yellow range is detected, a countdown timer is automatically switched on and the digital data is yellow underlined (Fig. 2-5 c)). For the 5 min. limit the counter is invisible. For the 2.5 min. limit the counter is visible. Five seconds before the timer reaches zero a flashing red box appears around the word LIMIT (Fig. 2-4). When the countdown has expired or if the limit has been exceeded, the red box is fixed and the red underlining of the digits flashes (Fig. 2-5 d)). If one of the parameters is invalid, a yellow failure symbology replaces the information concerning the faulty parameter.
2 19

LIMITATIONS
2.17.2.2 Engine / transmission oil temperature / pressure bar graph indicators The symbology and animation logic of the bar graphs which indicate the values for engine/transmission oil temperature/pressure is as follows:
EC145_FLH_0013_R
a)
b)
c)
d)
EC145_FLH_0014_R
Fig. 2-6
Typical bar graph display
If the value is in the normal operation range, the limitation display is as shown in Fig. 2-6 a). The digital value is only shown when permanent displaying is selected. If the value reaches the yellow region, the numeric value appears and is yellow underlined (Fig. 2-6 b)). The yellow and red limitation markings grow when the value gets close to the red region (Fig. 2-6 c)). If the value enters the red region, the numeric value is red underlined and flashes (Fig. 2-6 d)). NOTE A transmission oil temperature indication down to 10_C is permissible for continous power application, even if the indication is yellow underlined (see also para 2.12.6).
For further bar graph markings refer to Fig 27.

2 20

LIMITATIONS
a)
b) Fig. 2-5
c) Digital data display
d)
A value that is within the normal operating range is displayed as shown in Fig. 2-5 a). A solid white rectangle associated with a parameter indicates which is the limiting parameter (Fig. 2-5 b)). If operation in a yellow range is detected, a countdown timer is automatically switched on and the digital data is yellow underlined (Fig. 2-5 c)). For the 5 min. limit the counter is invisible. For the 2.5 min. limit the counter is visible. Five seconds before the timer reaches zero a flashing red box appears around the word LIMIT (Fig. 2-4). When the countdown has expired or if the limit has been exceeded, the red box is fixed and the red underlining of the digits flashes (Fig. 2-5 d)). If one of the parameters is invalid, a yellow failure symbology replaces the information concerning the faulty parameter.
2 19

LIMITATIONS
2.17.2.2 Engine / transmission oil temperature / pressure bar graph indicators The symbology and animation logic of the bar graphs which indicate the values for engine/transmission oil temperature/pressure is as follows:
EC145_FLH_0013_R
a)
b)
c)
d)
EC145_FLH_0014_R
Fig. 2-6
Typical bar graph display
If the value is in the normal operation range, the limitation display is as shown in Fig. 2-6 a). The digital value is only shown when permanent displaying is selected. If the value reaches the yellow region, the numeric value appears and is yellow underlined (Fig. 2-6 b)). The yellow and red limitation markings grow when the value gets close to the red region (Fig. 2-6 c)). If the value enters the red region, the numeric value is red underlined and flashes (Fig. 2-6 d)).
For further bar graph markings refer to Fig 27.


LIMITATIONS
2.17.2.3 Engine/transmission oil temperature/pressure bar graph markings
ENGINE
17.5 5 145 115
1.5 1.3 0
45
TRANSMISSION
10 140 105 5
EC135_FLH_0121_R
1.5 1 0
45
Fig. 2-7
Engine/transmission oil temperature/pressure bar graph markings
2 21

LIMITATIONS
2.18
PLACARDS AND DECALS All placards shown below are usually presented in English. However, for non LBA-registered helicopters, markings and placards intended for emergency passenger information and instruction, and instruction for operation of passenger doors may be provided in local language. The following illustrations of placards and decals are typical presentations. Slight formal differences from the real placards and decals do not affect the information presented therein.
Placard: THIS HELICOPTER IS APPROVED FOR VFR DAY AND NIGHT OPERATION
Location: Upper RH frame
Placard: THIS HELICOPTER MUST BE OPERATED IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE OPERATING LIMITATIONS SPECIFIED IN THE APPROVED ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL
Location: Central spar
Placard: MAX. PERMISS. GROSS MASS 3585 kg

Location: Below forward RH cabin door
2 22

LIMITATIONS
2.17.2.3 Engine/transmission oil temperature/pressure bar graph markings
ENGINE
17.5 5 145 115
1.5 1.3 0
45
TRANSMISSION
10 140 105 5
EC135_FLH_0121_R
1.5 1 0
10
45
Fig. 2-7
Engine/transmission oil temperature/pressure bar graph markings

LIMITATIONS
2.18
PLACARDS AND DECALS All placards shown below are usually presented in English. However, for non LBA-registered helicopters, markings and placards intended for emergency passenger information and instruction, and instruction for operation of passenger doors may be provided in local language. The following illustrations of placards and decals are typical presentations. Slight formal differences from the real placards and decals do not affect the information presented therein.
Placard: THIS HELICOPTER IS APPROVED FOR VFR DAY AND NIGHT OPERATION
Location: Upper RH frame
Placard: THIS HELICOPTER MUST BE OPERATED IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE OPERATING LIMITATIONS SPECIFIED IN THE APPROVED ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL
Placard: MAX. PERMISS. GROSS MASS 3585 kg

Location: Below forward RH cabin door
2 22

LIMITATIONS
Placard: VNE OEI = 110 KIAS OR TABLE VALUE, WHICHEVER IS LESS VNE POWER OFF = 90 KIAS OR TABLE VALUE, WHICHEVER IS LESS
Placard:
Location:
Cabin roof, sliding doors and windows at the rear part of the cabin (inside, LH and RH)
Placard: DURING GROUND OPERATION ONLY SMALL CYCLIC STICK DISPLACEMENTS FOR FUNCTIONAL TESTS
Location: Upper RH windshield frame
Placard: (optional) SAFETY CABLE USE TO SECURE CREW MEMBERS (200 KG MAX.)
Location: Inside, near safety harness fitting
Placard: (optional) USE ONLY TO SECURE PERSONS (200 KG MAX.)

Location: Inside, near safety harness fitting
2 23

LIMITATIONS
Placard: MAX. FLOOR LOAD 600 kg/m2 CARGO TO BE SECURED MAX. LOAD PER EYE 70 kg
Location: Cabin panelling, RH
Placard:
INTERCOM
Location: Below external power connection
Placard:
SERVICING STARTING 28 VDC
Location:
Below external power connection
Placard: OPEN
SLIDING DOOR
OPEN
CLOSED
Location: Sliding doors, inside (LH) and outside (RH)
2 24

LIMITATIONS
Placard:
SLIDING DOOR
OPEN
OPEN
CLOSED
Location:
Sliding doors, inside (RH) and outside (LH)
Placard:
DO NOT OPERATE DOOR HANDLE DURING FLIGHT

Location: Sliding door, inside, LH and RH and cockpit door LH
Placard:(colour of the symbol: RAL 3000)
CLOSED POSITION
Location:
Sliding doors, inside, and cockpit doors, inside
2 25

LIMITATIONS
Placard:
EMERGENCY EXIT
REMOVE CAP PULL HANDLE PUSH WINDOW INSIDE
Location:
Outside, upper part LH and RH sliding door
Placard:
EMERGENCY EXIT
REMOVE CAP PULL HANDLE PUSH WINDOW OUTSIDE
Location:
Inside, upper part LH and RH sliding door
2 26

LIMITATIONS
EFFECTIVITY
H/C with S/N 9051 and subsequent or after ASB MBB BK117 C-2-56A-001 Improvement of jettisoning function of sliding door window pane, except jettisonable sliding doors
Placard:
EMERGENCY EXIT
REMOVE CAP PULL HANDLE PUSH WINDOW AT ONE MARKING ( ) INSIDE
Location:
Outside, upper part LH and RH sliding door
Placard:
EMERGENCY EXIT
REMOVE CAP PULL HANDLE PUSH WINDOW AT ONE MARKING ( ) OUTSIDE
Location:
Inside, upper part LH and RH sliding door
Placard:
Location:
Inside, upper part LH corner and RH corner of the sliding door window
Placard:
Location:
Outside, lower part LH corner and RH corner of the sliding door window
EFFECTIVITY
All
2 27

LIMITATIONS
Placard:
JET FUEL 229 US. GALLONS

MIL - T - 5624 ASTM - D - 1655 JET A JP5 JET A1
FOR ADDITIONAL FUEL TYPES SEE FLIGHT MANUAL

Location: Near fuel tank filler neck
Placard: FOR BARREL OR GAS CAN REFUELING USE SCREEN FOR OPERATION BELOW 10 _C (14 _F) ADD ANTI-ICING-ADDITIVE ACC. TO FLIGHT MANUAL ONLY TO NOT PREBLENDED FUELS
Location: Near fuel tank filler neck
Placard:
DO NOT STOW ANYTHING UNDER THE SEATS
Location:
Beneath the seats
2 28

LIMITATIONS
Placard:
CAUTION HOT
Location: Beside RH and LH pitot tubes support
Placard:
GROUND (EARTH) HERE

Location: Grounding socket
Placard:
NO STEP
Location: Horizontal stabilizer, upper side, LH and RH
Placard:
NO HANDLING
Location: Antenna cover on lower side of tailboom and horizontal stabilizer lower side
Placard:
HANDLE HERE
Location: Tail skid
Placard:
NO PUSH
Location: Vertical fin, lower center position
aaaaaaaaaaaa
2 29

LIMITATIONS
Placard:
DANGER KEEP AWAY
Location: Vertical fin, lower end, LH and RH
Placard:
DIRECTION OF ROTOR ROTATION

Location: Vertical fin, upper end, LH
Placard: OIL 12.5 L OIL 3.3 US GAL MIL-L-23699

Location: Main transmission filler neck

Location: Intermediate gearbox

Location: Tail rotor gearbox
2 30

LIMITATIONS
Placard: (colour: RAL 2005 or 9005)
Location: LH cockpit door, RH and LH sliding cabin door, outer door handle
Placard:
M O N I T O R G E N L O A D F O R H I G H P W R C O N S U M E R e g S A N D F I L T E R
Location: Instrument panel
2 31

LIMITATIONS
Placard:
PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE CORRECTION TABLE

C TEMP F TEMP 45 49 135 154 C TEMP F TEMP +16 +60 330 354 29 20 167 187 +21 +70 360 385 18 0 196 217 +27 +80 393 419 7 +20 232 254 +38 +100 468 494 +4 +40 276 300 +49 +120 555 584
IND PRESS
IND PRESS
Location: RH fairing below exhaust pipe
EFFECTIVITY
If bleed air heating is installed:
Placard:
ATTENTION HOT AIR KEEP NOZZLE FREE
Location: Air outlet beside RH/LH sliding door
2 32

LIMITATIONS
EFFECTIVITY
After SB MBB BK117 C2-11-001 Affixing of 28 VDC placards to EMS receptacles
Placard:
28V DC
Location: Beside power sockets, rear cabin EFFECTIVITY All
2 33/(2 34 blank)

EMERGENCY AND MALFUNCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
EMERGENCY AND MALFUNCTION PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.2 3.2.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Memory items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urgency of landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definition of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 31 31 32 32 32
3.2.2 3.2.3
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 Warning light indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 BAT TEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 ENG 1/2 FAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 FIRE 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 LOW FUEL 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 ROTOR RPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 XMSN OIL PRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 MASTER caution light indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 MASTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 Caution indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 AVIO OVHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 BAT DISCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 10 BAT DISCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 10 BLEED AIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 10 BUSTIE OPN 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 11 CAD FAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 11 CAU DEGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 11 CPDS OVHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12 DOORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12 ENG CHIP 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ENG O FILT 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ENG OIL P 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 14 ENG PA DIS 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 14 ENG SPLIT 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 EPU DOOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 EXT POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 16 FIRE E TST 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 16 FIRE EXT 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 16 FLI DEGR 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 17 FLI FAIL 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 18 F PUMP FWD/AFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 18
3i

F PUMP JET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 19 F QTY DEGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 19 F QTY FAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 20 FUEL FILT 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 20 FUEL PRESS 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 21 FUEL VALVE 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 21 F VALVE CL 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 22 GEN DISCON 1 or 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 22 GEN DISCON 1 and 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 23 GEN OVHT 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 25 HTG OVTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 25 HOR BAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 26 HYD PRESS 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 26 INPUT FAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 27 INVERTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 27 MM EXCEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 27 OVSP FAIL 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 28 PITOT HTR 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 28 PRIME PUMP 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 28 P0 DIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 29 SHED EMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 29 STARTER 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 29 TWIST GRIP 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 30 T0 DIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 30 VEMD FAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 31 VAR NR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 31 XMSN CHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 32 XMSN OIL T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 33 3.2.4 CPDS external test caution indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 34 ENG CHP CT 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 34 ENG OF CT 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 34 F FLT CT 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 34 XMSN CHP CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 34 XMSN OT CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 34 CPDS MALFUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 35 Failure of VEMD lane 1 (upper display) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 35 Failure of VEMD lane 2 (lower display) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 36 Failure of CAD lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 37 Failure of both VEMD lanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 38
3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4
3 ii

3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 3.4.8 3.4.9 3.4.10 3.4.11 3.4.12 3.4.13 3.4.14 3.4.15 3.4.16 3.4.17 3.4.18 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.7.5 3.7.6 3.7.7
ENGINE EMERGENCY CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 40 Single engine failure - hover IGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 40 Single engine failure - hover OGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 41 Single engine failure - takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 42 Single engine failure - flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 43 Single engine failure - approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 44 Single engine landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 45 Single engine emergency shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 46 Inflight restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 47 Engine overspeed driveshaft failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 48 Engine overspeed governor failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 49 Engine underspeed governor failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 50 Compressor stall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 51 Droop compensation failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 51 Engine oil temperature high . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 52 Double engine failure - hover IGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 53 Double engine failure - flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 53 Double engine emergency shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 54 Autorotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 54 FIRE EMERGENCY CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 55 Cabin fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 55 Electrical fire/short circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 56 TAIL ROTOR FAILURE CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 57 Tail rotor drive failure - hover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 57 Tail rotor drive failure/fixed pitch Tail rotor control failure forward flight . . 3 58 Pedal vibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 59 SYSTEM EMERGENCY/MALFUNCTION CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 60 Electrical short circuit - generator system 1 or 2 cutoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 60 Generator overvoltage procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 60 Electrical short circuit - battery bus/feeder line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 61 Cyclic beep trim actuator failure/runaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 62 Cyclic force trim release failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 62 Mast moment indication failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 63 Static system failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 63
3 iii/(3 iv blank)

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY AND MALFUNCTION PROCEDURES
3.1
GENERAL This section contains the recommended procedures for managing various types of emergencies, malfunctions and critical situations. WARNING AFTER AN ACTUAL EMERGENCY OR MALFUNCTION MAKE AN ENTRY IN THE HELICOPTER LOGBOOK AND, WHEN NECESSARY, THE AFFECTED SYSTEM LOGBOOK (E.G. ENGINE LOGBOOK). MAINTENANCE ACTION MAY BE REQUIRED AND NECESSARY BEFORE NEXT FLIGHT.
For definitions of terms, abbreviations and symbols used in this section, refer to section 1. 3.1.1 Basic rules These procedures deal with common emergencies. However, they do not prevent the pilot from taking additional action necessary to recover the emergency situation. Although the procedures contained in this section are considered the best available, the pilots sound judgement is of paramount importance when confronted with an emergency. To assist the pilot during an inflight emergency, three basic rules have been established: 1. Maintain aircraft control 2. Analyse the situation 3. Take proper action NOTE It is impossible to establish a predetermined set of instructions which would provide a ready-made decision applicable to all situations.
3.1.2
Memory items Emergency procedure steps which shall be performed immediately without reference to either this manual or the pilots checklist are written in boldface letters on a gray background (as shown here) and shall be committed to memory. Therefore, those emergency procedures appearing without boldface letters on a gray background may be accomplished referring to this manual and when time and situation permit.
31

3.1.3
Operating condition The following terms are used in emergency procedures to describe the operating condition of a system, subsystem, assembly or component: Affected Normal Fails to operate in the normal or usual manner Operates in the normal or usual manner
3.1.4
Urgency of landing NOTE The type of emergency and the emergency conditions combined with the pilots analysis of the condition of the helicopter and his proficiency are of prime importance in determining the urgency of a landing.
The following terms are used to reflect the degree of urgency of an emergency landing: LAND IMMEDIATELY The urgency of landing is paramount. Primary consideration is to assure survival of the occupants. Landing in water, trees or other unsafe areas should be considered only as a last resort. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE Land without delay at the nearest adequate site (i.e. open field) at which a safe approach and landing can be made. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE The landing site and duration of flight are at the discretion of the pilot. Extended flight beyond the nearest approved landing area where appropriate assistance can be expected is not recommended. 3.1.5 Definition of terms The term OEI flight condition .... Establish is used as a leading step in some engine emergency procedures to express the following: 1. In case that power of affected engine tends to zero: Maintain the normal engine within OEI limits. Attempt to obtain a safe single engine flight condition. If a climb is necessary to reach a safe flight condition, attempt to obtain Vy. Continue with the remaining steps of the relevant procedure.
2. In case that affected engine still delivers power: If deemed necessary, try to escape from immediate danger with both engines operating. EASA APPROVED Rev. 0
32

Establish steady level flight and determine if the situation will allow for OEI flight. As a rule of thumb, this can be done by checking that the sum of the individual engine torques is lower than the OEI torque limit. If this is fulfilled, re-check OEI power available by setting the affected engine to IDLE while maintaining the normal engine within appropriate OEI limit. D If engine power is sufficient for OEI flight and if a safe OEI landing can be assumed, continue with the remaining steps of the relevant procedure. D If engine power is not sufficient for OEI flight or if a safe OEI landing is not assured, LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. If necessary, re-establish power of affected engine before landing. After landing perform single engine emergency shutdown of affected engine.
3.2
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS Emergency situations will be indicated either by a red warning light on the WARNING PANEL coming on together with a gong signal or dedicated audio signal, or a caution indication on the CAD and two yellow master caution lights on the instrument panel. A red warning light indicates a hazard which may require immediate corrective action. A yellow caution indicates the possible need for future corrective action. The cautions, indicated at the CAD, are divided into three sections, SYSTEM 1, MISC and SYSTEM 2. SYSTEM 1 indicates the operating conditions of the left power plant or the system 1 of a redundant system. SYSTEM 2 provides the same features for the right power plant or the system 2 of a redundant system. MISC indicates the operating conditions of the non-redundant systems. The yellow master caution lights in the pilots field of view leads the pilots attention to the indication(s) on the CAD whenever a caution has been activated there. Each caution (CAD-indication and master caution light) must be acknowledged by the pilot (copilot) by pushing the RESET button on the cyclic stick grip or the SELECT key on the CAD. Acknowledged cautions are indicated in sequence of importance. In case of lack of space on the screen, further confirmed cautions will be stored on additional pages, which will be indicated by the 1 of 2 message on top of the middle column. They can be called up via the SCROLL key. Any new unconfirmed caution overlies the previous caution and is bordered by two flashing lines to draw the pilots attention to the new caution. It is always possible that a warning light or caution indication will come on unnecessarily. Whenever possible, check the light or indication against its associated instrument to verify that an emergency condition has actually occurred. Following is an alphabetical listing of the warning lights (WARNING PANEL) and caution indications (CAD) with the relevant conditions, any further indications and the emergency procedures.
33

3.2.1
Warning light indications
WARNING LIGHT INDICATIONS
BAT TEMP
Conditions/Indications Battery overtemperature (above 70 _C) Warning gong will be activated Procedure
F ON GROUND
1. BAT MSTR sw
OFF BAT DISCON caution indication comes on
2. Engines CAUTION
Shut down BATTERY MUST BE INSPECTED OR REPLACED PRIOR TO NEXT FLIGHT.
F IN FLIGHT
1. BAT MSTR sw
OFF BAT DISCON caution indication comes on
2. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE After landing: 3. Engines 4. Collective lever and cyclic stick Leave running in IDLE Lock
If visual inspection reveals no indication of battery overheating: 5. Continue flight with BAT MSTR sw OFF or disconnected battery 6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE CAUTION BATTERY MUST BE INSPECTED OR REPLACED PRIOR TO NEXT FLIGHT.
34

ENG 1 FAIL
Conditions/Indications
or
ENG 2 FAIL
Respective N1-RPM below threshold value. Procedure 1. OEI flight condition 2. Affected engine 3. Single engine emergency shutdown 4. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Establish Identify Perform
FIRE
(ENGINE 1)
or
FIRE
(ENGINE 2)
Conditions/Indications Overtemperature in engine compartment Warning bell will be activated Procedure

F ON GROUND
1. FIRE sw (affected engine) NOTE
Raise guard, press
Affected engine will shut down automatically, ACTIVE indicatior light, BOT 1 legend (both EMER OFF SW pnl), and F VALVE CL caution indication (CAD) come on. FIRE legend remains on as long as overheat condition exists. Check OFF Press; bottle 1 activated;
2. Both FUEL PRIME PUMPS 3. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb
NOTE
EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW pnl) Extinguisher bottle will begin discharging when N1t 50%. After discharge of bottle contens , BOT 1 legend and EXT indicatior light go off; BOT 2pb legend comes on. Start Perform Alert/Evacuate
4. Clock stop watch 5. Double engine emergency shutdown 6. Passengers (continued):
35

If situation permits and FIRE warning is still on after 1 minute: 7. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb Press; bottle 2 activated; EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW pnl) 8. BAT MSTR sw
F IN FLIGHT
OFF
1. OEI flight condition 2. Airspeed 3. FIRE sw (affected engine) NOTE
Establish Reduce if IAS is exceeding 100 kts Raise guard, press
Affected engine will shut down automatically, ACTIVE indicatior light, BOT 1 legend (both EMER OFF SW pnl), and F VALVE CL caution indication (CAD) come on. FIRE legend remains on as long as overheat condition exists. Press; bottle 1 activated; EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW pnl) Extinguisher bottle will begin discharging when N1t 50%. After discharge of bottle contens , BOT 1 legend and EXT indicatior light go off; BOT 2pb legend comes on. Start Identify Perform Alert
4. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb
NOTE
5. Clock stop watch 6. Affected engine 7. Single engine emergency shutdown 8. Passengers 9. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE If FIRE warning is still on after 1 minute: 10. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb
Press; bottle 2 activated; EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW pnl)
If FIRE warning remains on: 11. LAND IMMEDIATELY
36

LOW FUEL 1
and/or
LOW FUEL 2
Respective supply tank fuel quantity below 24 kg Warning gong will be activated Procedure 1. Fuel quantity indication If positive fuel indication in the main tank: 2. Both fuel pump XFER sw (Fwd + Aft) 3. Both fuel pump XFER circuit breakers (Fwd + Aft) If both FUEL LOW warning lights remain on: 4. LAND WITHIN 10 MINUTES If one FUEL LOW warning light remains on: 4. Expect single engine failure Check ON Check in Check
37

ROTOR RPM
Conditions/Indications NRO low NRO 95% or less - steady light Audio signal - lowpitch beeping tone NRO high NRO 106% or above - flashing light and warning gong Audio signal at 110% or above - flashing light and steady highpitch tone Procedure NRO low/NRO high 1. Rotor RPM indicator 2. Collective lever Check Adjust as necessary to maintain NRO within normal range
XMSN OIL PRESS

Conditions/Indications XMSN oil pressure is below minimum Transmission oil pressure indication 1 bar or less Warning gong will be activated NOTE XMSN OIL PRESS warning light may come on momentarily during extreme side slip, sidewards flight, crosswind hover or slope operations.
Procedure If one XMSN oil pressure indication is below 1.0 bar: 1. Power 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If both indications are below 1.0 bar: 3. LAND IMMEDIATELY NOTE Descend with minimum power EASA APPROVED Rev. 5 Reduce
38

3.2.2
MASTER caution light NOTE The MASTER caution light always comes on in conjunction with any caution indication on the CAD.
CAUTION LIGHT INDICATION
M A S T E R
(flashing)
M A S T E R
Caution indication comes on (CAD) Procedure 1. Caution indication (CAD) 2. RESET switch (cyclic stick) 3.2.3 Caution indications Check and perform corresponding procedure(s) Press
CAUTION INDICATIONS
AVIO OVHT
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Normal operating temperature of COM/NAV, FCDS or AFCS exceeded. CAUTION Procedure 1. INST COOL cb If AVIO OVHT caution indication remains on: 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE 3. Airspeed Maintain as high as possible for best cooling effect Check in THE MAX. REMAINING OPERATING TIME IS APPROX. 30 MIN.
39

CAUTION INDICATIONS
BAT DISCH
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications DC power is supplied by battery. NOTE Normal during engine start
Procedure 1. DC VOLTS, GEN AMPS and BAT AMPS 2. Electrical consumption 3. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Check Reduce as much as possible to save battery power
CAUTION INDICATIONS
BAT DISCON
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Battery is off-line (normal during EPU start or when the BAT MSTR switch is in OFF position). Procedure 1. BAT MSTR sw If BAT DISCON caution indication remains on: 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Check in ON position
CAUTION INDICATIONS
BLEED AIR
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Bleed air shut off valve and mixing valve remain open after shutting off bleed air heating Procedure 1. BLD HTG rheostat If BLEED AIR caution indication disappears: 2. Continue flight If BLEED AIR caution indication comes on again: 2. Engine performance may be degraded. Use caution, especially during takeoff and landing. EASA APPROVED Rev. 11 Turn on and lower again to OFF
3 10

CAUTION INDICATIONS
BUSTIE OPN
(SYSTEM 1)
and/or
BUSTIE OPN
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Electrical systems are separated (load sharing impossible). If both BUSTIE OPN caution indications come on, the battery will not be charged. Procedure 1. Respective BUSTIE sw If BUSTIE OPN caution indication comes on again: 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE NOTE Automatic reconfiguration of the BUS connection occurs. Respective ENG starting with open BUS TIE is not possible. Reset
CAUTION INDICATIONS
CAD FAN
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Failure of CAD fan has been detected during CPDS external test. Procedure Do not start engines.
CAUTION INDICATIONS
CAU DEGR
(MISC) (On VEMD if CAD is inoperative or on CAD if both VEMD lanes are inoperative)
Conditions/Indications Degraded caution indications due to loss of CAD lane or both VEMD lanes. Procedure see para 3.3.3 and 3.3.4 EASA APPROVED Rev. 11
3 11

CAUTION INDICATIONS
CPDS OVHT
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Normal operating temperature of instrument panel exceeded CAUTION THE MAX. REMAINING OPERATING TIME IN THIS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION IS APPROX. 30 MIN.
Procedure 1. INST COOL cb 2. PUSH FOR AIR knob 3. VENTILATION COCKPIT rheostat 4. VENTILATION CABIN switch If caution indication remains on: 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Check in Push HI ON
CAUTION INDICATIONS
DOORS
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Anyone of the following doors is not properly locked Cockpit doors Cabin sliding doors Cabin clamshell doors Procedure 1. Doors If caution indication remains on: 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Check latched
3 12

CAUTION INDICATIONS
ENG CHIP
(SYSTEM 1)
or
ENG CHIP
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Metal particles detected in engine oil. Procedure

F ON GROUND
1. Affected engine 2. Single engine emergency shutdown

F IN FLIGHT
Identify Perform Establish Identify
1. OEI flight condition 2. Affected engine 1. Alternative: 3. Single engine emergency shutdown 2. Alternative: 3. Twist grip (affected engine) CAUTION
Perform Rotate slowly to IDLE, check indications
THE SECOND ALTERNATIVE ENABLES THE CREW TO USE THE AFFECTED ENGINE FOR LANDING IF NECESSARY. BE PREPARED FOR ENGINE FAILURE. MONITOR N1, TOT, TORQUE, OIL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE OF AFFECTED ENGINE CLOSELY. IF THE PARAMETERS FLUCTUATE OR THEIR LIMITS ARE EXCEEDED PERFORM SINGLE ENGINE EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATELY.
4. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
CAUTION INDICATIONS
ENG O FILT
(SYSTEM 1)
or
ENG O FILT
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Engine oil filter contaminated. NOTE During engine start the ENG O FILT caution indication may come on for up to two minutes. Monitor
Procedure 1. Engine oil pressure and engine oil temperature 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE EASA APPROVED Rev. 14
3 13

CAUTION INDICATIONS
ENG OIL P
(SYSTEM 1)
or
ENG OIL P
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Affected engine oil pressure below minimum. Procedure 1. Engine oil pressure 2. OEI flight condition 3. Affected engine 4. Single engine emergency shutdown 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Check Establish Identify Perform
CAUTION INDICATIONS
ENG PA DIS
(SYSTEM 1)
and
ENG PA DIS
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Respective parameter discrepancy between ENG 1 and ENG 2. Affected parameters indicated in yellow on FLI page. Procedure CAUTION D DO NOT TRY TO MATCH NEEDLES D AVOID USING MAXIMUM POWER. 1. Engine digital values 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Compare to verify the lost parameter
3 14

CAUTION INDICATIONS
ENG SPLIT
(SYSTEM 1)
and
ENG SPLIT
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications N1 indicators show difference of 10% or more. NOTE ENG SPLIT caution indication may come on during beep trim operation in VAR NR system MAN mode. Try to match N1 until ENG SPLIT caution indication goes off.
Procedure 1. Collective lever 2. Bleed air consumers 3. Engines condition Adjust to OEI limits or below Off Analyse
4. Continue in accordance with procedures for ENGINE UNDERSPEED - GOVERNOR FAILURE (para 3.4.11), or ENGINE OVERSPEED - GOVERNOR FAILURE (para 3.4.10), or VAR NR caution indication, whichever is applicable.
CAUTION INDICATIONS
EPU DOOR
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications External power receptable access door is open. Procedure

F ON GROUND
After EPU starts: EPU access door

F IN FLIGHT
Close
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
3 15

CAUTION INDICATIONS
EXT POWER
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications External power is applied to the electrical distribution system. NOTE EXT POWER caution indication going off does not indicate that the EPU cable is disconnected.
Procedure After EPU starts: 1. EPU cable 2. EPU access door Disconnect Close Check that EPU DOOR caution indication goes off
CAUTION INDICATIONS
FIRE E TST
(SYSTEM 1)
and/or
FIRE E TST
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Indicates that the fire extinguishing system has been tested Procedure No action necessary.
CAUTION INDICATIONS
FIRE EXT
(SYSTEM 1)
and/or
FIRE EXT
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications The respective extinguishing bottle is not available. Procedure LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
3 16

CAUTION INDICATIONS (CAD & FLI)
FLI DEGR
(System 1)
or
FLI DEGR
(System 2)
Conditions/Indications Loss of one engine parameter. the numerical value of the failed parameter disappeared the parameter designation is yellow Procedure CAUTION D IF THE LOST PARAMETER WAS DESIGNATED AS FIRST LIMIT BEFORE THE FAILURE, THE FIRST LIMIT STATUS WILL CHANGE AUTOMATICALLY TO THE NEXT LIMITING PARAMETER ON THE AFFECTED SYSTEM. THUS, A NEEDLE SPLIT MAY BE ENCOUNTERED ON THE FLI. D DO NOT TRY TO MATCH NEEDLES D AVOID USING MAXIMUM POWER. USE THE NEEDLE OF THE NORMAL ENGINE FOR LIMIT INDICATION. COMPARE REMAINING DIGITAL PARAMETER VALUES. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
3 17

CAUTION INDICATIONS (CAD & FLI)
FLI FAIL
(System 1)
or
FLI FAIL
(System 2)
Conditions/Indications Loss of two out of three signals (torque, analogue N1, TOT) of the same engine. the numerical values of the failed parameters disappeared the parameter designation is yellow (nN1 symbol will be displayed above the N1 digital value, N1 will be underlined according to fixed values) the needle of the respective engine disappeared Procedure CAUTION D DO NOT TRY TO TRIM ENGINES D AVOID USING MAXIMUM POWER. USE THE NEEDLE OF THE NORMAL ENGINE FOR LIMIT INDICATION. COMPARE REMAINING DIGITAL PARAMETER VALUES. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
CAUTION INDICATIONS
F PUMP FWD
or
(MISC)
F PUMP AFT
Failure of forward or aft fuel transfer pump, or dry run. Procedure 1. Fuel level in the main tank If there is fuel in the main tank: 2. FUEL PUMP XFER sw (F (forward) or A (aft), resp.) 3. XFER- PUMP circuit breaker (F (forward) or A (aft), resp.) 4. Affected FUEL PUMP XFER- sw If there is no fuel in the main tank: 2. Affected FUEL PUMP XFER- sw OFF Check ON Check in Check
If F PUMP FWD/AFT caution indication remains on: OFF
NOTE D Each fuel transfer pump is capable of feeding more fuel than both engines will consume. D In the event of a fuel transfer pump failure the main tank unusable fuel increases: FWD pump failure: AFT pump failure: maximum 11.1 kg (13.9 l) maximum 45.04 kg (56.3 l) EASA APPROVED Rev. 5
3 18

CAUTION INDICATIONS
F PUMP JET
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Aft main tank jet pump is not capable of delivering fuel to fwd main tank. Procedure F PUMP AFT sw Check ON
NOTE D If F PUMP JET caution indication remains on, the main tank unusable fuel increases to 24.7 ltr. in hover flight. This quantity can be reduced to 4.1 ltr using 0_ pitch attitude. Monitor supply tank indication closely. D During hover flight conditions with a main tank fuel quantity indication of approx. 30 kg, the F PUMP JET caution indication may come on for a short period.
CAUTION INDICATIONS
F QTY DEGR
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Failure of one main tank sensor. Procedure Set pitch attitude between 3 and +8 before reading the approx. available fuel quantity, then calculate remaining flight endurance. CAUTION THE DEGRADED FUEL QUANTITY INDICATION REPRESENTS THE MINIMUM FUEL LEVEL WITHIN PITCH ATTITUDE RANGES OF 3 TO +8.
3 19

CAUTION INDICATIONS
F QTY FAIL
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Failure of the fuel quantity indication system. CAUTION D THE FUEL QUANTITY INDICATION SYSTEM HAS FAILED. DO NOT CALCULATE FLIGHT ENDURANCE USING THE FUEL QUANTITY INDICATION. D ACCURATE FUEL QUANTITY INFORMATION IS ONLY PROVIDED BY THE LOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT ACCOMPANIED BY WARNING GONG. Procedure LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
CAUTION INDICATIONS
FUEL FILT
(SYSTEM 1)
and/or
FUEL FILT
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Engine fuel filter(s) contaminated. Procedure One caution indication: LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE CAUTION BE PREPARED FOR SINGLE ENGINE FAILURE.
Both caution indications: LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE CAUTION BE PREPARED FOR DOUBLE ENGINE FAILURE.
3 20

CAUTION INDICATIONS
FUEL PRESS
(SYSTEM 1)
or
FUEL PRESS
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Engine fuel pump inlet pressure low. Procedure 1. FUEL PRIME PUMP sw (affected engine) If FUEL PRESS caution indication goes off: 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If FUEL PRESS caution indication remains on: 2. FUEL PRIME PUMP sw 3. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE CAUTION BE PREPARED FOR SINGLE ENGINE FAILURE. OFF ON; PRIME PUMP caution indication will come on.
CAUTION INDICATIONS
FUEL VALVE
(SYSTEM 1)
or
FUEL VALVE
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Fuel valve is in a position other than commanded. NOTE A FUEL VALVE caution indication coming on for a short time while valve is in transition from open to closed position, or vice versa, indicates normal operation.
Procedure LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE CAUTION BE PREPARED FOR SINGLE ENGINE FAILURE.
3 21

CAUTION INDICATIONS
F VALVE CL
(SYSTEM 1)
or
F VALVE CL
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Fuel valve is in closed position. The respective ACTIVE light (EMER OFF SW panel) will come on. NOTE The F VALVE CL caution indication will come on after pressing and releasing the respective EMER OFF switch labelled FIRE.
Procedure No action necessary. NOTE Before starting the engines, check that respective EMER OFF switch labelled FIRE is pressed and the ACTIVE light is off.
CAUTION INDICATIONS
GEN DISCON
(SYSTEM 1)
or
GEN DISCON
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Respective generator has failed or is disconnected from the power distribution system. Both nonessential buses are disconnected. Procedure If BUS TIE caution indication is also on: 1. Electrical fire/short circuit procedure If voltmeter indication is > 30.5 V: 1. 1. Generator overvoltage procedure Affected GEN sw If GEN DISCON caution indication remains on: 2. Affected GEN sw 3. DC VOLTS, GEN AMPS and BAT AMPS 4. Electrical consumers 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE NOTE One generator alone will provide sufficient power for normal services. OFF Monitor Reduce as much as possible Perform (refer to para 3.7.2) RESET then NORM If BUS TIE caution indication is off and voltmeter indication is normal: Perform (refer to para 3.7.1)
3 22

CAUTION INDICATIONS
GEN DISCON
(SYSTEM 1)
and
GEN DISCON
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Both generators have failed or are disconnected from the power distribution system. Only ESS BUS 1 + 2 are available Procedure 1. GEN 1 sw 2. DC VOLTS and GEN AMPS 3. GEN 1 sw 4. GEN 2 sw 5. DC VOLTS and GEN AMPS 6. GEN 2 sw If voltmeter indication is > 30.5 V: 7. Generator overvoltage procedure If voltmeter indication is normal 8. Both GEN sw 9. Respective GEN sw NOTE 10. Electrical consumers RESET, then NORM OFF Reduce as much as possible Switch off all consumers on copilots instrument panel CAUTION SINCE ONE FUEL TRANSFER PUMP IS POWERED BY THE SHED BUS, THE AMOUNT OF UNUSABLE FUEL INCREASES ABOVE THAT STATED IN SECTION 2 WHEN THE EMER SHED BUS SW IS NOT SWITCHED ON. ON if necessary Monitor If one or both GEN DISCON caution indications remain on: In case of double generator failure the battery will supply the ESS BUS 1 and 2. Perform (refer to para 3.7.2) RESET, then NORM Check OFF RESET, then NORM Check OFF
11. EMER SHED BUS sw 12. DC VOLTS and BAT AMPS 13. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE NOTE
Flight endurance depends on battery type and loading.
Continued:
3 23

Residual Battery Endurance Continuous load [A] Time [min] NOTE 15 60 20 45 25 35 30 30 40 22
Calculations are based on an assumed minimum battery capacity of 15 Ah. Times include 10 minutes landing light operation and 10 minutes radio transmission. TOTAL ELECTRICAL FAILURE WILL LIMIT FUEL AVAILABLE TO QUANTITY CONTAINED IN SUPPLY TANKS AT TIME OF FAILURE AND THUS RESIDUAL FLIGHT TIME.
WARNING
3 24

CAUTION INDICATIONS
GEN OVHT
(SYSTEM 1)
or
GEN OVHT
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Temperature of generator high. Procedure 1. Affected GEN sw CAUTION OFF
IF GEN OVHT CAUTION INDICATION REMAINS ON AND IF THERE ARE INDICATIONS OF A FIRE SUCH AS BURNING ODOR OR SMOKE, SHUT DOWN THE AFFECTED ENGINE.
If GEN OVHT caution indication remains on for more than 1 minute: 2. OEI flight condition 3. Affected engine 4. Single engine emergency shutdown 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Establish Identify Perform
CAUTION INDICATIONS
HTG OVTEMP
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Overtemperature in the bleed air duct system or leakage of heating air NOTE Bleed air shut off valve will be closed automatically.
Procedure 1. BLD HTG rheostat If caution indication goes off: 2. BLD HTG rheostat If HTG OVTEMP caution indication comes on again: 3. BLD HTG rheostat OFF Turn on again slowly OFF
3 25

CAUTION INDICATIONS
HOR BAT
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Standby horizon is supplied by the emergency battery pack. Procedure No action necessary NOTE Emergency power supply for standby horizon is ensured for minimum 30 min.
CAUTION INDICATIONS
HYD PRESS
(SYSTEM 1)
or
HYD PRESS
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Pressure loss in the affected system, the normal system retains power. WARNING DO NOT OPERATE HYD TEST SWITCH IN FLIGHT.
CAUTION D AVOID HOVERING IN HIGH GROSS MASS/CALM WIND CONDITIONS, AS HYDRAULIC POWER MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT FOR BOOSTING UPWARD COLLECTIVE INPUTS. D IN CASE OF HYD PRESS (SYS 2) SERVO BOOST OF YAW COMMAND WILL BE LOST. ADDITIONAL INDICATION OF YAW SAS CAUTION (IF YAW SAS INSTALLED) OR ACTUATOR CAUTION (IF AFCS INSTALLED) WILL BE DISPLAYED TO INDICATE LOSS OF ELECTRICAL YAW ACTUATOR. PEDAL FORCES WILL INCREASE BUT YAW CONTROLLABILITY IS UNAFFECTED. Procedure LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
3 26

CAUTION INDICATIONS
INPUT FAIL
(white) (MISC)
Conditions/Indications CPDS test has detected one or more failed caution indications (CAD) during prestart check Failed caution indication(s) are flashing External test indicated (VEMD) WARNING THE FLASHING CAUTION INDICATION(S) HAS FAILED AND WILL NOT BE INDICATED IN REAL FAILURE CASE.
NOTE
After pressing the RESET pushbutton, the yellow INPUT FAIL caution appears.
Procedure Do not start engines
CAUTION INDICATIONS
INVERTER
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications All AC power consumers lose power Procedure INVERTER sw OFF
CAUTION INDICATIONS
MM EXCEED
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Mast moment u 77%. MM EXCEED caution indication remains on until power off. Procedure LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Avoid maneuvers causing high mast moments. EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
3 27

CAUTION INDICATIONS
OVSP FAIL
(SYSTEM 1)
or
OVSP FAIL
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Loss of at least one N2 or the N1 sensor signal in the affected engine overspeed protection system. CAUTION THE AFFECTED ENGINE IS NO LONGER PROTECTED AGAINST POWER TURBINE OVERSPEED.
NOTE
Normal indication prior to engine start.
Procedure LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
CAUTION INDICATIONS
PITOT HTR
(SYSTEM 1)
or
PITOT HTR
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Pitot tube and/or static port heater have failed or are not switched on. Corresponding airspeed, altitude and vertical speed indicators may give false indications in sub-freezing temperatures (v4.5_C). Procedure 1. Respective cb and sw 2. Indications Check Compare with normal system
CAUTION INDICATIONS
PRIME PUMP
(SYSTEM 1)
and/or
PRIME PUMP
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Prime pump(s) in operation Procedure No action necessary (normal indication during engine start) NOTE Prime pumps must be OFF during normal flight operations. EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
3 28

CAUTION INDICATIONS
P0 DIS
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Discrepancy between both P0 sensors detected. Calculations for compensated N1 indication of both engines are affected. VNE indication is invalid. Procedure LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
CAUTION INDICATIONS
SHED EMER
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications SHED BUS switch is switched to EMER ON. NOTE See also double GEN DISCON caution indication.
Procedure 1. Electrical consumers 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Reduce as much as possible
CAUTION INDICATIONS
STARTER
(SYSTEM 1)
or
STARTER
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications If STARTER caution indication remains on after reaching IDLE speed a relay or electromagnetic switch blockage is evident. NOTE The STARTER caution indication is normal during engine starting or ventilation and needs no corrective action.
Procedure
F ON GROUND
1. Respective ENG START sw EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
Check off
3 29

If ENG START sw is off: 2. Affected engine 3. Single engine emergency shutdown

F IN FLIGHT
Identify Perform
CAUTION INDICATIONS
TWIST GRIP
(SYSTEM 1)
or
TWIST GRIP
(SYSTEM 2)
Conditions/Indications Affected engine TWIST GRIP is not in FLIGHT position. Procedure 1. Affected engine TWIST GRIP If TWIST GRIP caution indication is still on: 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Check FLIGHT position
CAUTION INDICATIONS
T0 DIS
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications FLI DEGR caution indication appears Discrepancy between both T0 sensors detected. Calculations for compensated N1 indication of both engines are affected. OAT indication is invalid. NOTE On ground it may be possible that the T0 DIS caution indication comes on if one side of the H/C is heated more than the other side due to influence of direct/ indirect intensive sunlight radiation.
Procedure
F ON GROUND
If caution indication remains on more than 2 min after start up: Normal engine shutdown
F IN FLIGHT
Perform
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
3 30

CAUTION INDICATIONS
VEMD FAN
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Failure of VEMD fan has been detected during external CPDS test. Procedure Do not start engines.
CAUTION INDICATIONS
VAR NR
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Selftest of VAR NR monitor box failed Rotorspeed is not within expected limits Torque split u15% or Power supply for VAR NR system interrupted Failure of FCDM or ADC Failure of N2 trim motor system Failure of VEMD Lane 1 NOTE D Indication is normal on ground. D VAR NR caution indication could also be induced by any engine overspeed or underspeed condition. Cross-check the relevant instruments, warning lights and caution indications to determine if such acondition is evident (refer to para 3.4, Engine Emergency Conditions). D VAR NR caution may come on momentarily during engagement of CAT A or during rapid power or airspeed changes. D If torque split exceeds 15%, the VAR NR caution indication appears and the MAN pushbutton is yellow illuminated. Torque can be synchronized with the 4way beep switch on the collective. Once torque split is less than 15%, VARTOMS should return automatically to normal operation. Procedure 1. VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw EFFECTIVITY If under CAT B operation Trim manually to 101% using the 4-way beep switch on the collective. Below 55 KIAS at density altitudes above 6500 ft, trim manually to 104%. Push to select MAN mode
2. Rotorspeed
3 31

EFFECTIVITY
If under CAT A operation Trim manually to 101% using the 4-way beep switch on the collective. Below 55 KIAS trim manually to 104%.
2. Rotorspeed
EFFECTIVITY
All
If rotorspeed trimming was successful: 3. Torque 4. Continue flight If rotorspeed trimming was not successful: 3. Airspeed 4. Torque 5. Continue flight NOTE D With lower rotorspeed, collective lever inputs should be performed carefully in order to stay within N2/NRO limits. D With lower rotorspeed, the HOGE performance is reduced by 120 kg up to 10000 ft DA. D With lower rotorspeed, avoid landings with crosswind from the right. Reduce IAS to VNE 25 kt or below Synchronize if possible Synchronize
CAUTION INDICATIONS
XMSN CHIP
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Metal particles detected in the main transmission. Procedure 1. XMSN oil pressure 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE NOTE Reduce power as much as possible. Check in normal range
3 32

CAUTION INDICATIONS
XMSN OIL T
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications Transmission oil temperature above maximum. Procedure 1. XMSN oil temperature and oil pressure in- Check dication If indications are within limits: 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If indications are above limit: 2. Power 3. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE Reduce, as much as possible If oil temperature indication remains above limit:
3 33

3.2.4
CPDS external test caution indications NOTE The CPDS external test is performed only once after CPDS start up.
CAUTION INDICATIONS
ENG CHP CT
(SYSTEM 1)
or or
ENG CHP CT
(SYSTEM 2)
ENG OF CT
(SYSTEM 1)
or or
ENG OF CT
(SYSTEM 2)
F FLT CT
(SYSTEM 1)
or
F FLT CT
(SYSTEM 2)
or
XMSN CHP CT
(MISC) or
XMSN OT CT
(MISC)
Conditions/Indications During CPDS external test, continuity check of cables and connectors to the respective detector failed. NOTE A further indication of the respective CPDS caution (ENG CHIP; ENG O FILT; FUEL FILT; XMSN CHIP; XMSN OIL T) is impossible.
Procedure Do not start engines
3 34

3.3
CPDS MALFUNCTIONS
CPDS MALFUNCTIONS
3.3.1 Failure of VEMD lane 1 (upper display) Conditions/Indications Upper VEMD screen blank or abnormal data appearance LANE 1 FAILED and PRESS OFF1 appear on the lower VEMD screen Increase of NR and VAR NR caution indication comes on NOTE Detected overlimits or cautions that are not visible in the current display status will be indicated in the message zone of the FLI. List of possible messages:
CAUTION DETECTED GEN PARAM OVER LIMIT DC VOLT PARAM OVER LIMIT LOCALIZED FAILURE VEH PARAM OVER LIMIT VEMD BRIGHTNESS CONTROL FAILED CROSS TALK FAILED CROSS TALK FAILED PRESS OFF 1 PRESS OFF 2
CAD BRIGHTNESS CONTROL FAILED
Procedure 1. Procedure for VAR NR caution indication 2. OFF 1 button on the VEMD NOTE Perform Press
Pressing the OFF 1 button removes power from the faulty lane 1. The FLI appears automatically on the lower VEMD screen and replaces the ELEC/VEH page. The ELEC/VEH page may be displayed on the CAD screen by pressing the SCROLL button on the VEMD. Pressing the SCROLL button again causes the CAD screen to return to the standard CAU/FUEL page display. In case of loss of SCROLL button function, press RESET button on VEMD to return to default page.
3 35

CPDS MALFUNCTIONS
3.3.2 Failure of VEMD lane 2 (lower display) Conditions/Indications Lower VEMD screen blank or abnormal data appearance No audio warning in case of overlimit LANE 2 FAILED and PRESS OFF2 appear on the upper VEMD screen Degraded master caution indication (only one lamp) NOTE Detected overlimits or cautions that are not visible in the current display status will be indicated in the message zone of the FLI. List of possible messages:
CAUTION DETECTED GEN PARAM OVER LIMIT DC VOLT PARAM OVER LIMIT LOCALIZED FAILURE VEH PARAM OVER LIMIT VEMD BRIGHTNESS CONTROL FAILED CROSS TALK FAILED CROSS TALK FAILED PRESS OFF 1 PRESS OFF 2
CAD BRIGHTNESS CONTROL FAILED
Procedure 1. OFF 2 button on the VEMD NOTE Press
Pressing the OFF 2 button removes power from the faulty lane 2. The ELEC/ VEH page may be displayed on the CAD screen by pressing the SCROLL button on the VEMD. Pressing the SCROLL button again causes the CAD screen to return to the standard CAU/FUEL page display. In case of loss of SCROLL button function, press RESET button on VEMD to return to default page.
3 36

CPDS MALFUNCTIONS
3.3.3 Failure of CAD lane Conditions/Indications CAD screen blank or abnormal data appearance CAD FAILED and PRESS OFF appear on the FLI (message zone) No fuel indication available Degraded master caution indication (only one lamp) NOTE Detected overlimits or cautions that are not visible in the current display status will be indicated in the message zone of the FLI.
CAUTION DETECTED GEN PARAM OVER LIMIT DC VOLT PARAM OVER LIMIT LOCALIZED FAILURE CAD BRIGHTNESS CONTROL FAILED VEH PARAM OVER LIMIT VEMD BRIGHTNESS CONTROL FAILED CROSS TALK FAILED PRESS OFF 1 CROSS TALK FAILED PRESS OFF 2
List of possible messages:

CAUTION
AFTER CAD LANE FAILURE THE CAUTION INDICATIONS ON THE VEMD SCREEN ARE DEGRADED TO THE FOLLOWING: SYSTEM 1 ENG CHIP GEN DISCON FLI FAIL FLI DEGR ENG SPLIT ENG O FILT ENG PA DIS TRAINING MISC XMSN CHIP ROTOR BRAKE P0 DIS T0 DIS VAR NR VEMD FAN CAU DEGR MM EXCEED CPDS OVHT TR CHIP SYSTEM 2 ENG CHIP GEN DISCON FLI FAIL FLI DEGR ENG SPLIT ENG O FILT ENG PA DIS TRAINING
Procedure 1. Procedure for VAR NR caution indication 2. OFF button on the CAD NOTE Perform Press
Pressing the OFF button removes power from the faulty lane. The CAU/FUEL page takes priority over the ELEC/VEH page and appears automatically on the lower VEMD screen. The ELEC/VEH page may be reselected on the lower VEMD screen by pressing the SCROLL button on the VEMD. Pressing twice causes SYSTEM STATUS page to appear. To return to the CAU/FUEL page, press the SCROLL button again. In case of loss of SCROLL button function, press RESET button on VEMD to return to default page.
3. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
3 37

CPDS MALFUNCTIONS
3.3.4 Failure of both VEMD lanes Conditions/Indications Abnormal FLI indication Degraded master caution indication (only one lamp) CAUTION AFTER DOUBLE VEMD LANE FAILURE THE AVAILABLE CAUTION INDICATION ON THE CAD SCREEN IS DEGRADED TO THE FOLLOWING:
SYSTEM 1 ENG OIL P FUEL PRESS FUEL FILT ENG O FILT FUEL VALVE F VALVE CL PRIME PUMP HYD PRESS OVSP FAIL GEN OVHT INVERTER FIRE EXT FIRE E TST BUSTIE OPN STARTER PITOT HTR F FILT CT TWIST GRIP
MISC AVION OVHT XMSN OIL T YAW SAS* AP1* AP2* F PUMP JET TRIM* F PUMP AFT F PUMP FWD F QTY DEGR F QTY FAIL AUX F XFER HTG OVTEMP EPU DOOR BAT DISCON BAT DISCH EXT POWER SHED EMER AHRS DISC* HOR BAT ACTUATOR* BACKUP SAS*
SYSTEM 2 ENG OIL P FUEL PRESS FUEL FILT ENG O FILT FUEL VALVE F VALVE CL PRIME PUMP HYD PRESS OVSP FAIL GEN OVHT INVERTER FIRE EXT FIRE E TST BUSTIE OPN STARTER PITOT HTR F FILT CT TWIST GRIP
Failure of both VEMD lanes continued:
3 38

SYSTEM 1
MISC NMS* (or NMS1/2 if AFCS installed) NMS2* NMS1* CABLE CUT* ICE D FAIL* ICE DETECT* CAU DEGR CAD FAN SAND FILT* XMSN OT CT DOORS
SYSTEM 2
* only if the respective optional equipment is installed Procedure 1. Procedure for VAR NR caution indication 2. OFF 1 and OFF 2 button on the VEMD CAUTION Perform Press; refer to CAD/BACKUP page
WHEN FLYING IN HIGH ALTITUDE N1 COULD BE THE LIMITING PARAMETER. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING POWER LIMITATIONS: Pressure Altitude (ft) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 Torque (%) 71 70 68 66 64 61 59 56 53 50
3 39

3.4
ENGINE EMERGENCY CONDITIONS In case of a single engine failure, bleed air heating will be switched off automatically. Depending on the power margin of the remaining engine, bleed air heating may be re-engaged by selecting BLD HTG EMER/NORM sw to EMER position and switching BLD HTG rheostat ON. NOTE If CAD message BLEED AIR remains on after single engine failure, the system must be switched off manually. Depending on the power margin of the remaining engine, the bleed air heating may be re-engaged.
ENGINE EMERGENCY CONDITIONS

3.4.1 Single engine failure - hover IGE Conditions/Indications Slight jerk in the yaw axis, nose left Possible change in noise level Affected engine: ENG FAIL warning light and warning gong on ENG SPLIT caution indication ENG OIL P caution indication FUEL PRESS caution indication GEN DISCON caution indication OVSP FAIL caution indication VAR NR caution indication NORM/MAN pb (main switch panel) MAN legend comes on (yellow) Instruments indicate power loss NOTE The VAR NR system will revert to the manual mode automatically.
Procedure 1. Collective lever 2. Landing attitude 3. Collective lever After landing: 4. Affected engine 5. Single engine emergency shutdown Identify Perform Adjust to OEI limits or below Establish Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing
3 40


3.4.2 Single engine failure - hover OGE Conditions/Indications Slight jerk in the yaw axis, nose left Possible change in noise level Affected engine: ENG FAIL warning light and warning gong on ENG SPLIT caution indication ENG OIL P caution indication FUEL PRESS caution indication GEN DISCON caution indication OVSP FAIL caution indication VAR NR caution indication NORM/MAN pb (main switch panel) MAN legend comes on (yellow) Instruments indicate power loss NOTE The VAR NR system will revert to the manual mode automatically.
Procedure 1. Collective lever 2. Airspeed

F FORCED LANDING
Adjust to maintain rotor RPM Increase if possible Establish Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing Identify Perform Adjust to OEI-limits or below Trim to maximum Gain, 65 KIAS (VY) Reduce to OEI MCP or below Identify Perform
3. Landing attitude 4. Collective lever After landing: 5. Affected engine 6. Single engine emergency shutdown
F TRANSITION TO OEI - FLIGHT
3. Collective lever 4. Rotor speed 5. Airspeed After reaching safe altitude: 6. Collective lever 7. Affected engine 8. Single engine emergency shutdown 9. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
3 41


3.4.3 Single engine failure - takeoff Conditions/Indications Slight jerk in the yaw axis, nose left Possible change in noise level Affected engine: ENG FAIL warning light and audio gong on ENG SPLIT caution indication ENG OIL P caution indication FUEL PRESS caution indication GEN DISCON caution indication OVSP FAIL caution indication VAR NR caution indication NORM/MAN pb (main switch panel) MAN legend comes on (yellow) Instruments indicate power loss NOTE The VAR NR system will revert to the manual mode automatically.
Procedure 1. Collective lever

F REJECTED TAKEOFF
Adjust to maintain rotor RPM Establish Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing Identify Perform Adjust to OEI-limits or below Trim to maximum Gain, 65 KIAS (VY) Reduce to OEI MCP or below Identify Perform
2. Landing attitude 3. Collective lever After landing: 4. Affected engine 5. Single engine emergency shutdown
F TRANSITION TO OEI - FLIGHT
2. Collective lever 3. Rotor speed 4. Airspeed After reaching safe altitude: 5. Collective lever 6. Affected engine 7. Single engine emergency shutdown 8. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
3 42


3.4.4 Single engine failure - flight Conditions/Indications Slight jerk in the yaw axis, nose left Possible change in noise level Affected engine: ENG FAIL warning light and warning gong on ENG SPLIT caution indication ENG OIL P caution indication FUEL PRESS caution indication GEN DISCON caution indication OVSP FAIL caution indication VAR NR caution indication NORM/MAN pb (main switch panel) MAN legend comes on (yellow) Instruments indicate power loss NOTE The VAR NR system will revert to the manual mode automatically.
Procedure 1. OEI flight condition 2. Rotor speed 3. Affected engine 4. Single engine emergency shutdown 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Establish Trim to maximum Identify Perform
3 43


3.4.5 Single engine failure - approach Conditions/Indications Slight jerk in the yaw axis, nose left Possible change in noise level Affected engine: ENG FAIL warning light and warning gong on ENG SPLIT caution indication ENG OIL P caution indication FUEL PRESS caution indication GEN DISCON caution indication OVSP FAIL caution indication VAR NR caution indication NORM/MAN pb (main switch panel) MAN legend comes on (yellow) Instruments indicate power loss NOTE The VAR NR system will revert to the manual mode automatically.
Procedure 1. Rotor speed 2. Affected engine 3. Single engine emergency shutdown 4. Single engine landing procedure Trim to maximum Identify Perform Perform
3 44


3.4.6 Single engine landing Conditions/Indications One engine inoperative (OEI) Procedure LANDING APPROACH: 1. Rotor speed 2. Bleed air heating (if installed) 3. Airspeed 4. Shallow approach ON FINAL, AT 50 FT AGL: 5. Airspeed 6. Rate of descent TOUCHDOWN: 7. Airspeed 8. Landing attitude 9. Collective lever CAUTION Reduce to minimum depending on power available Establish Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing 40 KIAS Max. 500 ft/min Check maximum Check OFF 65 KIAS (VY) Establish
AN OSCILLATION, WHICH COULD BE UNINTENTIONALLY INDUCED/ ASSISTED BY THE PILOT (PIO/PAO) MAY BE EXPERIENCED DURING RUNNING LANDING OR HARDER VERTICAL LANDINGS. IN CASE OF PIO/PAO, RAPIDLY INCREASE OR DECREASE COLLECTIVE LEVER, WHICHEVER THE SITUATION ALLOWS, UNTIL OSCILLATION HAS STOPPED.
AFTER LANDING: 10. Collective lever 11. Cyclic stick Lower slowly Maintain neutral position
3 45


3.4.7 Single engine emergency shutdown NOTE D The VAR NR system will revert to the manual mode automatically. D Before performing an inflight single engine emergency shutdown, determine if the situation will allow for OEI flight. D Make certain that: Procedure 1. Twist grip (affected engine) Rotate slowly to IDLE, check indications, then to OFF the controls of the affected engine are selected, and the collective lever is adjusted to maintain the normal engine within the OEI limits
Bleed air heating (if installed) will be shut down automatically, however, depending on power margin of the remaining engine, may be reengaged as follows: 2. BLD HTG EMER/NORM sw 3. BLD HTG rheostat EMER ON
3 46


3.4.8 Inflight restart NOTE D An inflight restart may be attempted after a flameout or shutdown subject to the pilots evaluation of the cause of flameout. D If OVSP FAIL caution indication of the affected engine is not on, the engine was shut down by the overspeed protection system. In this case, a restart is not possible. D Before attempting an inflight restart, wait for N1 = 0 % CAUTION DO NOT ATTEMPT INFLIGHT RESTART IF CAUSE OF ENGINE FAILURE IS OBVIOUSLY MECHANICAL.
Procedure 1. Collective lever 2. Collective lever friction 3. Electrical consumption 4. FUEL PRIME PUMP sw (affected engine) After 10 seconds: 5. Twist grip (affected engine) 6. Normal engine starting procedure 7. Twist grip (affected engine) 8. Electrical consumers 9. FUEL PRIME PUMP sw (affected engine) If restart is not successful: 10. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Preselect 20_ (hot engine 18_) Perform Increase to FLIGHT position As required OFF Adjust to OEI MCP or below Adjust to maintain position of lever Reduce ON
3 47


3.4.9 Engine overspeed driveshaft failure Conditions/Indications VAR NR caution indication NRO decrease Affected engine: ENG SPLIT caution indication Torque decreases to zero N1 decreases N2 increases above NRO and either: drops back to 100% or below, or increases to 123.1%, causing the overspeed protection system to shut down the engine automatically.
Normal engine: Torque, N1 and TOT increase N2 decreases CAUTION WHEN AN ENGINE HAS BEEN SHUT DOWN BY ITS OVERSPEED PROTECTION SYSTEM, THE OTHER ENGINES SYSTEM IS INTERLOCKED TO AN INACTIVE STATUS. THUS, THE NORMAL ENGINE IS NO LONGER PROTECTED AGAINST POWER TURBINE OVERSPEED.
Procedure 1. OEI flight condition 2. Affected engine 3. Single engine emergency shutdown 4. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Establish Identify Perform
3 48


3.4.10 Engine overspeed governor failure Conditions/Indications ROTOR RPM warning light may come on VAR NR caution indication may come on ENG SPLIT caution indications may come on NRO and both N2 increase Affected engine: Torque, N1 and TOT increase Normal engine: Torque and TOT may decrease Procedure 1. Collective lever 2. VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw 3. N2 TRIM sw If step 3. is not possible: 4. Affected engine 5. Twist grip (affected engine) Identify Rotate towards IDLE until N2 and NRO stabilize in normal range and FLI needles match Raise as necessary to maintain N2 and NRO within limits Check MAN Try to trim NRO to 101% with matched torque
6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Approach and landing recommendations Make normal power changes to allow the normal engine to operate within limits. If more collective input is needed, adjust power of the affected engine using twist grip. . After landing: Rotate twist grip (affected engine) towards IDLE before lowering the collective lever to full-down position (maintain NRO and N2 within limits). CAUTION N2 RPM OVER 123.1% MAY RESULT IN AN ENGINE OVERSPEED TRIP (AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN).
3 49


3.4.11 Engine underspeed governor failure Conditions/Indications ROTOR RPM warning light may come on VAR NR caution indication may come on ENG SPLIT caution indications may come on Affected engine: Torque, N1 and TOT decrease N2 may decrease Normal engine: NRO and N2 may decrease Procedure 1. OEI flight condition 2. Bleed air consumers 3. VAR NR system NORM/MAN pb 4. Affected engine 5. N2 TRIM sw If torque match is not possible: 6. Twist grip (affected engine) Release stop plate and rotate towards FLIGHT until N2 and NRO stabilize in normal range and FLI needles match Establish Off Check MAN Identify Compensate N2/NRO drop and try to match torque
7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If no residual torque (affected engine) is available 8. Single engine emergency shutdown Approach and landing recommendations Make normal power changes to allow the normal engine to operate within limits. If more collective input is needed, adjust power of the affected engine using twist grip.. After landing: Rotate twist grip (affected engine) towards IDLE before lowering the collective lever to full-down position (maintain NRO and N2 within limits). CAUTION N2 RPM OVER 123.1% MAY RESULT IN AN ENGINE OVERSPEED TRIP (AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN). Perform
3 50


3.4.12 Compressor stall Conditions/Indications Popping sounds Torque and N1 indications may decrease TOT may increase Slight yaw jerk Procedure 1. Collective lever 2. Engine instruments 3. Collective lever If compressor stall returns: 4. Affected engine 5. Single engine emergency shutdown 6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Identify (TOT) Perform Lower Monitor Raise slowly

3.4.13 Droop compensation failure Conditions/Indications NRO and both N2 decrease when collective lever is raised NRO and both N2 increase when collective lever is lowered Procedure NOTE Avoid large collective lever changes. Maintain NRO within limits
1. Collective lever 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
3 51


3.4.14 Engine oil temperature high Conditions/Indications Affected engine: Oil temperature indication above limits Procedure 1. OEI flight condition 2. Affected engine 3. Twist grip (affected engine) Establish Identify Adjust to 2030% torque (TWIST GRIP caution indication comes on) Monitor
4. Oil temperature indicator (affected engine) If engine oil temperature decreases below limit: 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If engine oil temperature still remains above limit: 6. Single engine emergency shutdown 7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Perform
3 52


3.4.15 Double engine failure - hover IGE Conditions/Indications Yawing motion nose left NRO and both N2 decrease ROTOR RPM warning light (NRO low) on Both ENG FAIL warning lights on Both ENG OIL P caution indications Both FUEL PRESS caution indications Both GEN DISCON caution indications Engine Instruments (both engines) indicate power loss Procedure 1. Right pedal 2. Landing attitude 3. Collective lever Apply as necessary to stop yaw Establish Raise as necessary to cushion landing

3.4.16 Double engine failure - flight Conditions/Indications Yawing motion nose left NRO and both N2 decrease ROTOR RPM warning light (NRO low) on Both ENG FAIL warnings lights on Both ENG OIL P caution indications Both FUEL PRESS caution indications Both GEN DISCON caution indications Engine Instruments (both engines) indicate power loss Procedure Autorotation Perform
3 53


3.4.17 Double engine emergency shutdown Procedure
F ON GROUND
1. Both Twist grips 2. Both FUEL PRIME PUMP sw 3. BAT MSTR sw

F IN FLIGHT
OFF OFF OFF OFF Press
1. Both Twist grips 2. Both EMER OFF sw
If there is an indication that the engines are still running:

3.4.18 Autorotation Procedure 1. Collective lever 2. Airspeed NOTE Reduce to maintain NRO within limits 75 KIAS recommended
Maximum range airspeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 KIAS Minimum rate-of-descent airspeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 KIAS Perform
3. Double engine emergency shutdown AT APPROXIMATELY 100 FT AGL: 4. Flare attitude
Establish (approx. 15_ to 20_) to reduce forward speed and rate of descent; control NRO
AT APPROXIMATELY 8 12 FT AGL: 5. Flare attitude 6. Heading 7. Collective lever 8. BAT MSTR sw NOTE Reduce to approx 7_ Maintain Raise to stop descent and cushion landing OFF
The appropriate values must be adjusted according to prevailing conditions of gross mass, wind and terrain. EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
3 54

3.5
FIRE EMERGENCY CONDITIONS

3.5.1 Cabin fire Conditions/Indications Smoke, burning odor, flames Procedure
F ON GROUND
1. Double engine emergency shutdown 2. Passengers 3. Fire

F IN FLIGHT
Perform Alert/Evacuate Extinguish if possible 65 KIAS recommended Alert OFF Extinguish if possible Eliminate, open sliding doors, windows and vents (fresh air)
1. Airspeed 2. Passengers 3. Heating/air conditioning (if installed) 4. Fire 5. Fumes, smoke 6. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE After landing: 7. Double engine emergency shutdown
Perform
3 55


3.5.2 Electrical fire/short circuit Conditions/Indications Odor of burning insulation and/or acrid smoke Procedure
F ON GROUND
1. Double engine emergency shutdown 2. Passengers 3. EPU, if connected 4. Fire

F IN FLIGHT
Perform Alert/evacuate Disconnect Extinguish if possible 65 KIAS recommended Alert OFF OFF Reduce as much as possible OFF; if fire continues - NORM OFF; if fire continues - ON
1. Airspeed 2. Passengers 3. Heating/air conditioning (if installed) 4. Both BUS TIE switches 5. Electrical load 6. GEN 1 / GEN 2 sws in turn 7. BAT MSTR sw If fire has stopped: 8. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If indication of electrical fire continues: 8. Fire 9. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Try to isolate the cause of fire by switching off each PRIMARY BUS in turn:
Extinguish if possible
Residual Battery Endurance Continous load [A] Time [min] NOTE 15 60 20 45 25 35 30 30 40 22
Calculations are based on an assumed minimum battery capacity of 15 Ah. Times include 10 minutes landing light operation and 10 minutes radio transmission.
3 56

3.6 3.6.1
TAIL ROTOR FAILURE CONDITIONS Tail rotor drive failure - hover Conditions/Indications Complete loss of tail rotor thrust Tail rotor failure in power-on flight is indicated by a yawing motion nose right; the yaw rate depends on the aircraft power at the time of failure. Procedure
F HOVER IN GROUND EFFECT
1. Both Twist grips and simultaneously: 2. Landing attitude 3. Collective lever After landing: 4. Double engine emergency shutdown
F HOVER OUT OF GROUND EFFECT
Rotate to IDLE Establish Apply as necessary Perform
1. Collective lever If height permits: 2. Airspeed
Reduce as required to stop rotation Gain, then proceed according to para 3.6.2 (Tail Rotor Drive Failure/Fixed-pitch Tail Rotor Control Failure - Forward Flight)
If height does not permits: 2. Both Twist grips 3. Collective lever After landing: 4. Double engine emergency shutdown Perform Rotate to IDLE Raise to stop descent and cushion landing
3 57

TAIL ROTOR FAILURE CONDITIONS

3.6.2 Tail Rotor Drive Failure/Fixed-pitch Tail Rotor Control Failure - Forward Flight Conditions/Indications No directional response after pedal inputs and/or Complete loss of tail rotor thrust and/or Locked pedals NOTE The procedure will vary depending on flight conditions, power setting and mass of the helicopter.
Procedure 1. Collective lever 2. Airspeed 3. Suitable landing area Reduce to obtain minimum sideslip angle Maintain 70 KIAS or higher Select
NOTE D Landing surface should be hard (e.g. concrete, asphalt) and flat. D Left crosswind is advantageous 4. Shallow approach with nose left Perform
If the airspeed can be reduced below 40 kts with the nose still pointing to the left: 5. Airspeed Reduce close to the ground until nose is aligned with the flight direction Perform
6. Landing
If the nose direction changes from left to right at airspeeds higher than 40 kts: 5. Airspeed 6. Approach Increase Abort, climb to sufficient height for autorotation
NOTE
Headwind is advantageous Perform
7. Autorotation
NOTE D In final phase of flare the helicopter can yaw to the left due to friction effects. D Before touchdown, the groundspeed should be reduced to a minimum EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
3 58

TAIL ROTOR FAILURE CONDITIONS

3.6.3 Pedal vibrations Conditions/Indications Impending tail rotor system failure Unusual pedal vibrations Procedure LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
3 59

3.7 3.7.1
SYSTEM EMERGENCY/MALFUNCTION CONDITIONS Electrical short circuit - generator system 1 or 2 offline Conditions/Indications Short circuit on affected main bus Power supply is interrupted to affected main bus, shed bus, battery feed and both non-essential bus systems. Power supply is guaranteed to unaffected main bus and both flight-essential buses by the normal generator. Respective GEN DISCON caution indication comes on Respective BUS TIE caution indication comes on Failure of equipment powered by affected buses Procedure 1. GEN sw (affected generator) 2. DC VOLT, GEN AMPS and BAT AMPS 3. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE NOTE One generator alone will provide sufficient power for normal services. OFF Monitor
3.7.2
Generator overvoltage procedure Voltmeter indication > 30.5 V GEN DISCON caution indication on Procedure 1. Remaining generator with high voltage 2. Other Generator 3. DC VOLT and GEN AMPS 4. Electrical consumers 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE NOTE One generator alone will provide sufficient power for normal services. OFF (not be used again) RESET, then NORM Check and Monitor Reduce as much as possible
3 60

3.7.3
Electrical short circuit - battery bus/feeder line Conditions/Indications Short circuit on battery bus or on battery feeder line Power supply is interrupted to battery only Power supply is guaranteed to all consumer buses by the generators BAT DISCH caution indication comes on (prolonged or for short period) Both BUS TIE caution indications come on Procedure If BAT DISCH caution indication remains on: 1. BAT MSTR sw 2. DC VOLT and GEN AMPS 3. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE NOTE Emergency battery power will not be available. OFF Monitor
3 61

SYSTEM EMERGENCY/MALFUNCTION CONDITIONS

3.7.4 Cyclic beep trim actuator failure/runaway Conditions/Indications Cyclic beep trim inoperative Unsymmetrical cyclic stick forces may gradually appear Procedure 1. FTR pb (cyclic stick) If stick forces resume after releasing FTR pb: 2. Circuit breaker BEEP TRIM For momentary cyclic stick force reduction: FTR pb (cyclic stick) For permanent cyclic stick force reduction: FTR pb (instrument panel optional) Press; pb legend comes on (yellow) Press; pb legend goes off Press Pull Press to reduce stick forces
To reengage cyclic stick forces after permanent stick force reduction: FTR pb (cyclic stick) CAUTION
AFTER LANDING, CYCLIC STICK SHALL BE HELD IN NEUTRAL POSITION UNTIL BEING LOCKED.

3.7.5 Cyclic force trim release failure Conditions/Indications Cyclic force trim release function inoperative (either partially, i.e. in one axis, or completely) Procedure 1. Circuit breaker FTR 2. BEEP TRIM sw (cyclic stick) 3. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE Pull Press to adjust cyclic stick position
3 62


3.7.6 Mast moment indication failure WARNING TAKEOFF WITH A FAULTY MAST MOMENT INDICATOR IS NOT PERMITTED.
Procedure Cruise flight: Flight Landing: Running landings and slope landings (over 5_) should be avoided. NOTE 3.7.7 Refer to the appropriate maintenance manual. Continue
Static system failure Conditions/Indications Indications are unrealistic Pointer deflections may be sluggish Procedure 1. Static Pressure selector sw 2. Static Pressure Corrections (refer to para 5.1.7 FLM) ALTERNATE SOURCE Check
3 63/(3 64 blank)

NORMAL PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
NORMAL PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.2.1 4.4.2.2 4.4.2.3 4.4.3 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.10.1 4.10.2 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.13.1 4.13.2 4.13.3 4.13.4 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flight restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flight planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mass and balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PREFLIGHT CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exterior check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interior check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prestart check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STARTING ENGINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Before starting engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Starting first engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cold engine (engine oil temp. between 30_C and 40_C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cold engine (engine oil temp. below 40_C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hot or cold engine (engine oil temp. down to 30_C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Starting second engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYSTEM CHECKS / OPEARTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Avionic checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bleed air heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TAKEOFF CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TAKEOFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRE-LANDING CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LANDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landing procedure in heavy turbulences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Normal Landing procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENGINE SHUTDOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENGINE VENTILATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flight controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lateral control characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommended maximum rateofdescent during hover or low speed flight Low speed flight in heavy turbulences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 4 11 4 12 4 15 4 15 4 15 4 16 4 17 4 17 4 19 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 21 4 21 4 21 4 22 4 22 4 23 4 22 4 23 4 24 4 24 4 25 4 25 4 25 4 25 4 25
4i

NORMAL PROCEDURES
LIST OF FIGURES
Page Fig. 4-1 Exterior check sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4 ii

NORMAL PROCEDURES
SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

4.1 GENERAL This section contains instructions and recommended procedures which are peculiar to the operation of this helicopter. For definition of terms, abbreviations and symbols used in this section refer to section 1. 4.2 4.2.1 PREPARATION FOR FLIGHT Flight restrictions The minimum, normal, maximum and cautionary operation ranges for the helicopter and its subsystems are indicated by instrument markings, placards and decals. For helicopter and subsystem restrictions refer to section 2, Limitations. EFFECTIVITY NOTE Helicopters equipped with dual controls (optional) Before helicopter operation with a passenger collective pitch lever on copilots side should covers installed. The copilots pedals should position, and the dual control pedal cover (see on copilots seat, cyclic stick and be removed and the appropriate be adjusted to the most forward FMS 9.2-6) should be installed.
If the covers are not available, cyclic and collective levers shall remain installed. However, in this case, the passenger must be briefed properly before starting engines not to interfere with any pilots control operation. EFFECTIVITY 4.2.2 All
Flight planning Refer to sections 5 and 9 to determine required fuel, airspeeds and power settings for takeoff, climb, cruise, hovering and landing data necessary to accomplish the mission. NOTE Before flight it is necessary to check that the fuel grade is selected properly relative to fuel temperature/altitude limitations given in section 2.
4.2.3
Mass and balance The takeoff and anticipated landing gross mass and balance should be obtained before takeoff and checked against mass and load limits and center of gravity restrictions (see section 2). For pre-flight checks and flight preparations with engines running, fuel up to 20 kg in excess of the maximum gross mass can be taken on board as long as the maximum fuel quantity is not exceeded (fuel burn rate with both engines at idle is approximately 1.7 kg/min). The pilot is responsible to ensure that the aircraft mass at take-off does not exceed the maximum gross mass (see section 2).
41

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.3 4.3.1
PREFLIGHT CHECK General The preflight check shall be accomplished in accordance with the flight manual, the maintenance manual or the pilots checklist. The preflight check is not a detailed mechanical inspection, but essentially a visual check of the helicopter for correct condition. This check shall be completed before each flight. However, items not marked with an asterisk (L) need only be checked before the first flight of the day. When unusual local conditions dictate, the extent and/or frequency of this check shall be increased as necessary to promote safe operation. NOTE D The following list contains only check items for the standard configuration. D In addition to these items, check antennas and all installed optional equipment. D Make certain that all relevant intermediate and special inspections in accordance with the maintenance manual have been complied with. D For optional equipment check items, refer to the respective flight manual supplement or to the relevant chapter of the maintenance manual.
4.3.2
Exterior check The exterior check is laid out as a walk-around check, starting forward right at the pilots door, proceeding clockwise to the tail boom, to the left hand side (including the upper and lower areas of the helicopter) and is completed at the helicopter nose area. NOTE D If possible, the helicopter should be headed into the wind before starting the engines. D The area around the helicopter should be clear of all foreign objects. D To avoid excessive drain on the helicopter battery, particularly during cold weather, all ground operations should be conducted using an external power unit (EPU). D When the battery is used, the operation of electrical equipment should be kept to a minimum.
42

NORMAL PROCEDURES
5
BK117_WAH_1648_R
4 1. Fuselage 2. Cabin 3. Tail boom 4. Fuselage 5. Cabin Right side Top Aft area Left side Front
Fig. 4-1
Exterior check sequence
Helicopter forms and documents Weight, CG Fuel tanks Fuselage underside
Check, complete Check Drain (4 drain valves) (see sec.8, para 8.3) Condition, no fuel leaks Removed Removed Removed Secured
L L L
Covers and tie-downs Ice and snow (if any) Ground handling wheels Equipment and cargo
To be checked before each flight
43

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Fuselage right side NACA cockpit air intake OAT sensors (2, ADC/CPDS) Cockpit door BAT MSTR sw Fabric glare shield (before night flights) Pilot seat and safety belt Sliding door Landing gear and step Battery (if located here) L Battery door Battery drain port Fuselage right side Antennas on underside (if any) Cabin top Windshield, upper part Cabin air intake (if installed) Antennas (if any) Hydraulic system Hydraulic reservoirs (2) Fluid level indicator 1, 2 Sight glasses 1, 2 Control rods L Hydraulic access door Condition,clean Condition Condition Condition, no leakage, no foreign objects Condition, no leakage Check levels Check oil visible Condition Closed, secured Clear Condition Condition, function Check, OFF Check installed Condition Condition, function Condition Connected, condition, no electrolyte spillage, security of mounting Closed, secured Clear Condition Condition
44

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Fuselage right side (continued) Hydraulic pump Oil cooler fan inlet screen Oil cooler fan Main transmission oil level Sliding door L Transmission compartment Scavenge oil filter clogging indicator pin (if installed) Oil cooler air inlet duct Oil cooler block plate Oil cooler L Engine oil level Engine oil tank Generator air intake Engine air intake Mixing lever assembly Main transmission Main transmission struts Main transmission oil filter clogging indicator pin Main transmission oil filler cap Air opening in access door L Transmission access door Swash plate and boot L Rotating control rods Rotating control rod spherical bearings Condition, no leakage Clear Condition Check Closed Condition, no leakage, no foreign objects Check in Check, clear Installed, if OAT below 30C Removed, if OAT above +35C Clear, condition Check Condition, no leakage, security of attachment, filler cap closed and secured Clear Clear Condition, secured Condition Condition, secured Check in Secured, locked Clear Closed, secured Condition Condition, free movement Check for smooth operation by moving control rods by hand
45

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Fuselage right side (continued) L Main rotor head Blade attachment bolts, driving link assembly Rotor hub cap Vibration absorbers Rotor blades and trim tabs Condition, oil level Condition, secured Condition, secured Condition, free movement, no leakage Condition, rotate rotor by hand in direction of rotation and check for free movement Condition, no seperation Condition No leakage, no foreign objects Condition No leakage Condition, no leakage, no chafing Secure Condition, secured No leakage Condition, secured Condition Closed, secured Closed Clear Check in Closed, secured
PU Erosion protective film (if fitted) Static dischargers and bonding jumper Engine compartment Engine Engine oil ducts Engine wiring, linkages and lines Engine wash system (if installed) Engine exhaust pipe (fwd part) Rear bearing oil ducts Engine mounts Fire detectors (3) L L Engine access door Maintenance steps (5) Bleed air heater screen Circuit breaker for EPU L EPU access door
46

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Fuselage right side (continued) L L Fuselage right side Static ports (2) Battery (if located here) L Battery door Aft engine cowling Engine exhaust pipe (rear part) L Fire ext sys discharge indicator (red disk) Fire ext bottle pressure indicators (2) NOTE Condition Clear Connected, condition, no electrolyte spillage, security of mounting Closed, secured Secured Condition Check present and undamaged Check according to the pressuretemperature table
Engine must be cold for pressuretemperature table to be valid. Condition, function On board Condition, secured Closed, secured
Clam shell doors First aid kit Avionic rack L Clam shell doors
Tail boom L Tail boom right side Antenna(s) (if installed) L RH horizontal and vertical stabilizer, position light Vertical fin and cowling Position light, anti-collision light (strobe light / IR flasher, if installed) Tail skid L Tail rotor gearbox Condition Condition Condition Condition, secured Condition Condition Oil level, no leakage, filler cap secured
NOTE
Verification of oil level may be easier when tail skid is shaken briefly
EASA APPROVED Rev. 15.1
47

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Tail boom (continued) Tail rotor head, shaft, bellow L Pitch links Blade attachment bolts, balance masses, dynamic masses L Tail rotor blades Vertical fin and cowling L Intermediate gear box Condition Condition Condition, secured Condition Condition, secured Oil level, no leakage
NOTE
Verification of oil level may be easier when tail skid is shaken briefly Filler cap and drain plug secured Closed, secured Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition, clear
Intermediate gear box L L L Vertical fin access door LH horizontal and vertical stabilizer, position light Tail boom left side Antenna box Antennas (if any) Clam shell door windows (if installed) Fuselage left side Static ports (2) Bleed air heater screen Aft engine cowling Engine exhaust pipe (rear part) Engine compartment Fire detectors (3) Engine mounts Rear bearing oil ducts Engine exhaust pipe (forward part)
Clear Clear Secured Condition No leakage, no foreign objects Condition Condition, secured No leakage Condition, secured
48

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Fuselage left side (continued) Engine wash system (if installed) Engine wiring, linkages and lines Engine oil ducts Engine L L Engine access door Transmission compartment Scavenge oil filter clogging indicator pin (if installed) Generator air intake Engine air intake Mixing lever assembly Main transmission Main transmission struts Main transmission oil filter clogging indicator pin L Engine oil level Engine oil tank Oil cooler Oil cooler block plate Oil cooler inlet duct L Transmission access door Air opening in access door L Maintenance steps (3) Oil cooler fan inlet screen Oil cooler fan Hydraulic pump L To be checked before each flight Secure Condition, no leakage, no chafing No leakage Condition Closed, secured Condition, no leakage, no foreign objects Check in Clear Clear Condition, secured Condition Condition, secured Check in Check Condition, no leakage, security of attachment, filler cap closed and secured Clear, condition Installed, if OAT below 30C Removed if OAT above +35C Check clear Closed, secured Clear Closed Clear Condition Condition, no leakage
49

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Fuselage left side (continued) L Hydraulic compartment door Cockpit windshields, upper part Landing gear and step L L Fuel filler cap Fuel filler access door Vents and drainports (4) Antennas (if any) L Fuselage left side Sliding door Cockpit door Copilot seat and safety belt L For single pilot flights: Copilots safety belts OAT sensors (2, ADC/VAR NR) NACA Cockpit air intake Antenna on underside (if any) Cabin Nose area Windshields, front and lower part L Pitot tubes (2) Windshield wipers L Pedal areas Landing lights L Fuselage bottom Condition, clean Clear, condition Condition No foreign objects Condition, retracted Condition Closed, secured Condition, clean Condition Secured, locked Closed Clear Condition Condition Condition, function Condition , function Condition Fastened, secured Condition Clear Condition
4.3.3 L Interior check Baggage, cargo, loose items Stowed, secured
Before flights in low temperature/high humidity conditions (effective defogging of windshields by means of bleed air heating required): Air outlets aft cabin area Fully closed
To be checked before each flight EASA APPROVED Rev. 0
4 10

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Hand fire extinguisher Hand lamp Passengers Seat and pedals Safety belts Overhead panel All circuit breakers All switches Switch guards Instrument panel Instruments Clock All switches Center console Static pressure switch Collective pitch levers All switches Both twist grips
On board, check pressure On board Briefed Adjust Fasten, adjust
In OFF or NORM, priority NORM Closed
Check Check and set OFF or NORM, priority NORM
Secured
OFF or NORM, priority NORM; guarded if possible In OFF position
4 11

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.3.4 L Pre-start check CAUTION AFTER BAT MASTER SW SWITCHED ON, THE LOW ROTOR RPM AUDIO TONE APPEARS. DO NOT PRESS RESET PB (CYCLIC) UNTIL THE END OF CPDS TEST. PRESSING THE RESET PB LEADS TO AN AUTOMATIC DELETION OF A POSSIBLE INP FAIL CAUTION. ON and ENGAGE; CPDS test starts
BAT MSTR switch NOTE
Do not switch CPDS off during or after flight. However, if it was switched off: 1. CAD OFF pb 2. VEMD OFF 1&2 pb Press Press each in turn Check full deflection Check no INPUT FAIL message
NR/N2 instrument CAD NOTE
If INP FAIL appears in conjunction with the appropriate caution(s), this caution(s) will not be provided during flight. Abort pre-start check. Maintenance action is required. Check and reset Function
Low NRRPM audio tone and CAD Lighting (position, anti collision, strobe and landing lights) Before night flights Instrument and utility lights Hand lamp TEST/DSPLY sw Warning panel
Function Function W/U All warning lights and single gong must come on. If test has been successfully completed gong will cease automatically and RPM audio warning will be heard. If test was not successful single gong will continue. F PUMP JET must come on CPDS Check Check flashing
CAD TEST/DSPLY sw Display test image MASTER caution lights L To be checked before each flight
4 12

NORMAL PROCEDURES
L Pre-start check (continued) TEST FIRE 1 switch CAD EXT FIRE EXT (sys 1 and sys 2) must come on; indicates the availability of bottle 1 and bottle 2 for engine 1 EXT WRN FIRE (EMER OFF SW 1) must come on; BOT 1, BOT 2 and EXT of sys 1 come on Aural warning signal must be heard FIRE EXT (sys 1 and sys 2) must go off FIRE E TST (sys 1 and sys 2) must come on; indicates the activating test of bottle 1 and 2 for engine 1 TEST FIRE 1 switch OFF
TEST FIRE 1 switch Warning panel
Headset CAD
Repeat above fire ext test, system 2 using TEST FIRE 2 switch. EMER SHED BUS sw (only for battery start) BAT HOR/EXIT sw EMER BAT LED ON
TEST Check green. The green LED can change to red during the test, if the red LED is immediately on, the battery is empty and must be replaced. Check HOR BAT caution indication on Check on ON, check caution (F PUMP AFT / FWD) off OFF, check caution (F PUMP AFT / FWD) on NORM and guarded
CAD Emer exit lights FUEL PUMPS XFER (A and F) FUEL PUMPS XFER (A and F) EMER SHED BUS sw L To be checked before each flight
4 13

NORMAL PROCEDURES
L Pre-start check (continued) FUEL PRIME PUMPS (1 and 2) ON, PRIME PUMP (sys1/sys2) caution indication come on and both FUEL PRESS caution indications go off
NOTE
Operate prime pumps a minimum of 10 seconds before starting engines. ON
ACOL sw Instrument panel OVSP FAIL (sys1/sys2) caution indications CAD & VEMD brightness CPDS VEMD
Check on Adjust as required Check units DC voltage minimum 23.5 V IAS displayed in VNE field Select actual gross mass range for correct VNEtable selection
CAD fuel indication Instruments
Check quantity Check
CAUTION WHEN MAIN TRANSMISSION OIL TEMPERATURE IS BELOW 30_C THE FOLLOWING FLIGHT CONTROLS CHECK MUST BE PERFORMED AFTER FIRST PERFORMING AN ENGINE GROUND RUN UNTIL THE MINIMUM MAIN TRANSMISSION OIL TEMPERATURE IS REACHED FOLLOWED BY AN ENGINE SHUTDOWN (SEE PARA 4.4.2.1 OR 4.4.2.2) OTHERWISE THE MOVEMENT OF THE FLIGHT CONTROLS THROUGHOUT FULL TRAVEL MAY CAUSE FLIGHT CONTROL DAMAGE. Flight controls Pedals Collective lever FORCE TRIM REL sw Check free movement throughout full travel Parallel Lock Press while making small cyclic inputs in all four directions. Check that no spring forces are present Check Check free movement throughout normal range (from IDLE to FLIGHT) including IDLE stop function, then set each twist grip in 0 position
Cyclic stick position Twist grips
To be checked before each flight EASA APPROVED Rev. 15
4 14

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.4
STARTING ENGINES NOTE At engine startup, the BAT DISCH caution indication may come on (in case of battery discharge).
4.4.1
Before starting engines Fire guard (if available) Rotor area Posted Clear
4.4.2
Starting first engine CAUTION IMMEDIATELY ABORT START AND, IF MAINTENANCE ACTION BEFORE RESTART FOLLOWING: INDICATED, PERFORM FOR ANY OF THE
D IGNITION DOESNT TAKE PLACE WITHIN 15 SECONDS. D TOT RISES ABOVE LIMITS (If start is aborted but TOT limits are not exceeded, wait 15 seconds after N1 RPM has returned to zero before attempting restart. This permits excess fuel to drain from combustion chamber.) D NO POSITIVE ENGINE OR TRANSMISSION OIL PRESSURE INDICATIONS UPON REACHING GROUND IDLE CONDITION MAINTENANCE ACTION! N2 RPM AND ROTOR RPM NEEDLES ARE NOT MATCHED AFTER REACHING STABILIZED GROUND IDLE CONDITION - MAINTENANCE ACTION!
ABORT START PROCEDURE CAUTION DO NOT PERFORM ENGINE VENTILATION WITH FUEL VALVE CLOSED OFF OFF Perform
Twist grip (affected engine) ENG START sw (affected engine) Engine ventilation NOTE
D Either engine may be started first. D If, for any reason a starting attempt is discontinued, the entire starting sequence must be repeated from the beginning.
4 15

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Starting first engine (continued) CAUTION D DO NOT EXCEED STARTER DUTY CYCLE. D MONITOR CLOSELY TOT (STARTING TRANSIENT BETWEEN 785C AND 865C FOR MAXIMUM 5 SECONDS). D ALLOW N1 TO ACCELERATE CONTINUOUSLY IN THE 50%65% RANGE. NOTE Engine starting procedure should normally be completed within 20-60 seconds
EFFECTIVITY
Only if cold weather kit P/N B854M2001051and Bleed air heating are installed:
4.4.2.1 Cold engine (engine oil temperature between 30_C and 40_C) 1. First limit indicator 2. TWIST GRIP 3. ENG 1 or 2 START sw 4. TOT Check square on TOT and start triangles displayed (TOTlimitations for starting) Preselect 30 START, simultaneously start stopwatch Monitor, as soon as TOT increases, reduce twist grip (to approx. 20) and adjust TOT by twist grip to approx. FLI 5 to 6 (at approx. 700C). Check increase Monitor Check off at N1= 50% Rotate to 70%$2% N1 Check positive indication
5. N1 6. N2/NRo increase 7. Respective ENG 1 or 2 START sw 8. Respective twist grip 9. Engine and XMSN oil pressure
When the minimum engine oil temperature has been reached: 8. Respective twist grip Rotate to FLIGHT IDLE
When the minimum transmission oil temperature has been reached: 10. Engine Shutdown
Continue with prestart check Flight controls Check free movement... on page 414. NOTE D During start, the engine oil pressure may exceed 5 bar D Avoid prolonging operation in the range between 50% and 65% N1 (yellow underlining) . EASA APPROVED Rev. 12
4 16

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.4.2.2 Cold engine (engine oil temperature below 40_C) 1. First limit indicator 2. TWIST GRIP Check square on TOT and start triangles displayed (TOTlimitations for starting) Turn to flight idle, press idle stop button and turn twist grip back (approx. 8mm) until the idle stop button moves in completely START, simultaneously start stopwatch Monitor, as soon as TOT increases, reduce twist grip (to approx. 20) and adjust TOT by twist grip to approx. FLI 5 to 6 (at approx. 700C). Check increase Monitor Check off at N1= 50% Rotate to 70%$2% N1 Check positive indication
3. ENG 1 or 2 START sw 4. TOT
5. N1 6. N2/NRo increase 7. Respective ENG 1 or 2 START sw 8. Respective twist grip 9. Engine and XMSN oil pressure
When the minimum engine oil temperature has been reached: 8. Respective twist grip Rotate to FLIGHT IDLE
When the minimum transmission oil temperature has been reached: 10. Engine Shutdown
Continue with prestart check Flight controls Check free movement... on page 414. NOTE D During start, the engine oil pressure may exceed 5 bar D Avoid prolonging operation in the range between 50% and 65% N1 (yellow underlining) . EFFECTIVITY All
4.4.2.3 Hot or cold engine (engine oil temperature down to 30_C) 1. First limit indicator 2. TWIST GRIP 3. ENG 1 or 2 START sw 4. TOT Check square on TOT and start triangles displayed (TOTlimitations for starting) Preselect 20 (hot engine approx.18) START, simultaneously start stopwatch Monitor, check increase (if necessary adjust TOT using twist grip to approx. FLI 5 to 6 at approx. 700C). Check increase
5. N1 EASA APPROVED Rev. 10
4 17

NORMAL PROCEDURES
6. N2/NRo increase 7. Respective ENG 1 or 2 START sw 8. Respective twist grip 9. Engine and XMSN oil pressure
Monitor Check off at N1= 40% Rotate to 70%$2% N1 Check positive indication
NOTE D During start, the engine oil pressure may exceed 5 bar D Avoid prolonging operation in the range between 50% and 65% N1 (yellow underlining) . Hydraulic check: CAUTION D HYD TEST SW MUST NOT BE OPERATED DURING FLIGHT D OBSERVE MAST MOMENT LIMITS DURING HYDRAULIC CHECK FORCE TRIM REL sw Cyclic stick HYD TEST sw Press Check unlocked S1 and hold Check that HYD PRESS (sys 2) caution indication comes on and pressure readout (sys 2 VEMD) is underlined (yellow) Perform small movements: Cyclic stick Collective lever Pedals HYD TEST sw Check mast moment indication and correct operation Check correct operation Check higher than normal forces S2 and hold, check: Check that HYD PRESS (sys 1) caution indication comes on pressure readout (sys 1 VEMD) is underlined (yellow) Perform small movements: Cyclic stick Collective pitch Pedals HYD TEST sw Check mast moment indication and correct operation Check correct operation Check correct operation Release
EFFECTIVITY H/C up to S/N 9033 and before SB MBB BK117C-2-22-002; AFCS Retrofit Kit 2 Cyclic trim system EFFECTIVITY All EASA APPROVED Rev. 15 Check function
4 18

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.4.3
Starting second engine
EFFECTIVITY If 27 Ah battery is installed 1. Ammeter Operating generator, check below 100 A (battery start only)
EFFECTIVITY All NOTE If the start of the first engine was aborted and successfully repeated, verify that the generator current is below 100 A before attempting to start the second engine (battery start only).
2. Start second engine following Starting first engine procedure above. NOTE After starting engines, do not advance twist grips to FLIGHT until the minimum engine oil temperature has been reached. ON ON ON ON ON OFF ARM Check on and set Set and check
3. STBY HOR sw 4. INVERTER sw (if installed) 5. AVIO MSTR sws 6. Both PT/ST HTG sws 7. Both FUEL PUMPS XFER sws 8. Both FUEL PUMPS PRIME sws 9. EM/EX LIGHTS sw 10. Avionics 11. Instruments
4 19

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.5 4.5.1
SYSTEM CHECKS Ventilation If OAT w +35_C, the ventilation must be set to maximum as follows: PUSH FOR AIR lever VENTILATION CKPT rheostat PAX BLW sw Push Set to HI ON
4.5.2
Avionic checks ON and check Check and set
COMM/NAV equipment All other instruments and equipment 4.5.3 Bleed air heating check BLD HTG EMER/NORM sw BLD HTG rheostat BLD HTG rheostat 4.5.4 Miscellaneous checks
Check NORM Turn on check green HEATING advisory appears OFF check green HEATING advisory disappears
Optional equipment controls CAUTION
Set as required
WHEN AFCS IS NOT IN USE, THE BACKUP SAS MUST BE SWITCHED OFF.
4 20

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.5.5
Power check Perform power check as required (see section 5)
4.6 L PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK 1. First limit indicator 2. Twist grips 3. Cyclic stick 4. Engine and XMSN indications 5. VAR NR sw 6. VAR NR caution indication 7. Fuel quantity 8. All warning lights and caution, CAD and VEMD indications (except VAR NR caution indication) 9. Standby horizon 10. Optional equipment controls 11. Pilot/Copilot door 12. Collective lever 4.7 L TAKEOFF CHECK 1. Hover flight 2. VAR NR caution indication 3. N2/Rotor RPM 4. FLI needles 5. Hover power 6. All warning lights and caution, CAD and VEMD indications Density Altitude [ft] NRO [%] S S t3600 101 3600 101 Perform Check off Check in accordance with Table 1 shown below Check synchronised, match if necessary Note Check off 4305 101.7 5064 102.3 5837 103 6500 103.5 u6500 103.5 Check start triangles are off and bleed valve flag indicated Rotate smoothly to FLIGHT Check neutral position In the normal operating range NORM mode Check ON Recheck Check off
Release cage button, check indication As required Check properly closed (green marking on the floor visible) Unlock
For values not shown in the table, interpolate linear Rotorspeed tolerance: 0.5% Table 1 Rotorspeed versus Density Altitude
4 21

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.8
TAKEOFF CAUTION AN OSCILLATION, WHICH COULD BE UNINTENTIONALLY INDUCED/ ASSISTED BY THE PILOT (PIO/PAO) MAY BE EXPERIENCED IN FLIGHT IN TURBULENT WEATHER CONDITIONS. IN CASE OF PIO/PAO, RELEASE COLLECTIVE LEVER MOMENTARILY AND INCREASE COLLECTIVE LEVER FRICTION.
Recommended takeoff procedure: Hover Acceleration and climb Perform with 3 ft skid height Start a slight nose down pitch rotation and increase power smoothly (ca. 0.5 FLI more than hover power) so that the helicopter gains speed and height. Observe heightvelocitydiagram as described in section 5 Maintain airspeed until reaching 50ft AGL, then accelerate to VY (65 kts) and climb through 100ft AGL
When reaching 50 KIAS
NOTE 4.9
At approx. 50 kts, the rotor speed will be adjusted automatically.
PRE-LANDING CHECK 1. All instruments 2. All warning lights and caution, CAD and VEMD indications 3. N2/NR Check Check Check increase to min. 101% when airspeed below 55 KIAS. If NR does not increase, proceed according to VAR NR caution indication in section 3.
4.10 4.10.1
LANDING Landing procedure in heavy turbulences In heavy turbulences where fast collective movements may be necessary, the following landing procedure should be performed: Landing area reconnaissance VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw On downwind at 40 KIAS: VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw Rotorspeed Select MAN mode Check 101% EASA APPROVED Rev. 10 Perform with 40 KIAS Check in NORM mode
4 22

NORMAL PROCEDURES
Approach Torque After landing: VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw 4.10.2 Normal Landing procedure CAUTION
Perform Synchronize if necessary
Select NORM mode
AN OSCILLATION, WHICH COULD BE UNINTENTIONALLY INDUCED/ ASSISTED BY THE PILOT (PIO/PAO) MAY BE EXPERIENCED DURING RUNNING LANDINGS OR HARD VERTICAL LANDINGS. IN CASE OF PIO/PAO, RAPIDLY INCREASE OR DECREASE COLLECTIVE LEVER, WHATEVER THE SITUATION ALLOWS, UNTIL OSCILLATION HAS STOPPED.
Recommended landing procedure: After reaching 50 ft AGL Before touchdown Descent with 300ft/minvR/Dt500ft/min at 40 KIAS Establish flare attitude to reduce ground speed and raise collective lever to cushion landing Establish with zero groundspeed Neutral position Lock
Touchdown Cyclic stick Collective lever
4 23

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.11
ENGINE SHUTDOWN NOTE D Check that ROTOR RPM warning light comes on with an intermittent audio signal when the rotor RPM drops below 95%. If not, a logbook entry and maintenance action are required. D Check that ENG FAIL 1 and ENG FAIL 2 warning lights come on with a warning gong, when the N1 RPM of the engines drop below 50%. If not, a logbook entry and maintenance action are required. D Set stopwatch for a minimum ground idle time of 30 seconds to allow the engines to cool. CAUTION AFTER SINGLE ENGINE LANDING, WHEN EITHER MAX. CONTINUOUS POWER OR 2.5 MINUTES POWER WAS APPLIED, A GROUND IDLE TIME OF AT LEAST 3 MINUTES IS REQUIRED BEFORE SHUTDOWN. 1. Cyclic stick position 2. Collective lever 3. Twist grips 4. All consumers After 30 seconds at IDLE: 5. Both twist grips NOTE OFF Check Lock IDLE (70% 2% N1), start stopwatch OFF, except anti collision sw
Note gas producer deceleration time. The time required to decelerate from 30 to 0% N1 should be approximately 40 seconds. If less than 30 seconds or abnormal noises are heard, an engine inspection is required (refer to TURBOMECA ARRIEL 1E2 maintenance manual). Monitor decrease
6. TOT and N1 When rotor has stopped: 7. Anti-collision light 8. VEMD 9. BAT MSTR switch 4.12 ENGINE VENTILATION Respective twist grip Respective ENG VENT sw
OFF Check FLIGHT REPORT page OFF
OFF ON and hold; observe engine ventilation limitations (Section 2, para 2.12.3)
4 24

NORMAL PROCEDURES
4.13 4.13.1
FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS Flight controls CAUTION AVOID EXTREME CYCLIC STICK DISPLACEMENTS WHEN ON GROUND WITH ROTOR TURNING.
During ground operations with rotor turning, the cyclic stick must remain in the neutral position and the collective pitch lever in the full down position; however, for functional test purposes, minimum control movements (not more than 3 cm from neutral) are allowed. Avoid extreme pedal movements during ground operations. 4.13.2 Lateral control characteristics WARNING AVOID STEEP RIGHT TURNS AT AIRSPEEDS BELOW 70 KIAS CLOSE TO THE GROUND IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN SUFFICIENT LATERAL CONTROL MARGIN FOR RECOVERY.
Lateral control characteristics of single-rotor helicopters are significantly influenced by forward speed (airspeed), bank angles and related g-loads. During high load factor maneuvers at airspeeds below 70 KIAS the cyclic stick can reach the left lateral stop before retreating-blade stall entry. Reduction of the load factor and/or nose-left side slip will improve left lateral control margin. 4.13.3 Recommended maximum rate-of-descent during hover or low speed flight Any descent during hover or low speed flight (up to 20 kt) should be performed with a descent rate of not more than 600 ft/min. 4.13.4 Low speed flight in heavy turbulences VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw VIAS v 40 kt: VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw Rotorspeed Torque When increasing VIAS u 40 kt: VAR NR system NORM/MAN sw Select NORM mode Select MAN mode Check 101% Synchronize if necessary Check in NORM mode
4 25/(4 26 blank)

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FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 13

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 13

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 13

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 14

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

Tie-down ring limits Maximum allowable load per tie-down ring is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 kg

EASA APPROVED Rev. 15

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 3

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 13

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 13

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

Engine operating limits max. N1-SPEED 2) % max. TOT _C 865 785

2.5 min. power Max. continuous power

EASA APPROVED Rev. 15

EFFECTIVITY H/C up to S/N 9033 and before SB MBB BK117 C-231001

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EFFECTIVITY H/C up to S/N 9033 and before SB MBB BK117 C-231001

EASA APPROVED Rev. 15

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

Engine operating limits max. N1-SPEED 2) % max. TOT _C 865 785

2.5 min. power Max. continuous power

EASA APPROVED Rev. 15

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 15

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

Onboard battery 2) 20 seconds - ON 60 seconds - OFF 20 seconds - ON 23 minutes - OFF

Main transmission oil temperature Continuous operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 C - 105 C Maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 C

EASA APPROVED Rev. 15

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

Fuel conforming to the following specification is authorised for use:

AIR 3404F-43 AIR 3404F-44

MIL-T -5624 JP-5

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

Aviation fuel (AVGAS)

Motor car petrol Petrol for tanks

Fuel temperature limits

PRESSURE ALTITUDE FEET

18000 15000 14000

Temperature limits for approved primary fuels

EASA APPROVED Rev. 15

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 13

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

Main rotor mast moment limits

Mast moment indicator on the FLI page

EASA APPROVED Rev. 13

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

Main rotor mast moment limits

EASA APPROVED Rev. 13

FLIGHT MANUAL BK 117 C-2

EASA APPROVED Rev. 13