Tailieumtbt

To: Toan tin
CHNG I: MOT SO DANG TOAN

THI HOC SINH GIOI
GIAI TOAN TREN MAY TNH IEN T
CASIO
Bat au t nam 2001, Bo Giao duc va ao tao a to chc
cac cuoc thi cap khu vc Giai toan tren may tnh ien t Casio. oi
tuyen Pho thong Trung hoc C s moi tnh gom 5 th sinh. Nhng th
sinh at giai c cong iem trong ky thi tot nghiep va c bao lu
ket qua trong suot cap hoc. e thi gom 10 bai (moi bai 5 iem, tong
so iem la 50 iem) lam trong 150 phut.
Quy nh: Th sinh tham d ch c dung mot trong bon loai may
tnh (a c Bo Giao duc va ao tao cho phep s dung trong trng
pho thong) la Casio fx-220, Casio fx-500A, Casio fx-500 MS, Casio fx-570 MS.
Yeu cau cac em trong oi tuyen cua trng THCS ong Nai
Cat Tien ch s dung may Casio fx-500 MS, Casio fx-570 MS.
Neu khong qui nh g them th cac ket qua trong cac v du va
bai tap cua tai lieu phai viet u 10 ch so hien tren man hnh
may tnh.
Cac dang toan sau ay co s dung tai lieu cua TS.Ta Duy
Phng Vien toan hoc va mot so bai tap c trch t cac e thi
(e thi khu vc, e thi cac tnh, cac huyen trong tnh Lam ong) t
nam 1986 en nay, t tap ch Toan hoc & tuoi tre, Toan hoc tuoi th 2.
A. SO HOC - AI SO - GIAI
TCH
I. Dang 1 : KIEM TRA KY NANG TNH TOAN
THC HANH
Yeu cau: Hoc sinh phai nam ky cac thao tac ve cac phep tnh
cong, tr, nhan, chia, luy tha, can thc, cac phep toan ve lng
giac, thi gian. Co ky nang van dung hp ly, chnh xac cac bien
nh cua may tnh, han che en mc toi thieu sai so khi s dung
bien nh.
Bai 1: (Thi khu vc, 2001) Tnh:
a.
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
A 649 13.180 13. 2.649.180 +
b.
( ) ( )
2 2
1986 1992 1986 3972 3 1987
B
1983.1985.1988.1989
+
c.
( )
1
7 6,35 : 6,5 9,8999...
12,8
C : 0,125
1 1
1,2:36 1 : 0,25 1,8333... 1
5 4
+ 1
]
_
+

,
d.
( )
( )
( )
( )
3: 0,2 0,1 34,06 33,81 .4
2 4
D 26: :
2,5. 0,8 1,2 6,84: 28,57 25,15 3 21
1
+ +
1
+
]
e.Tm x biet:
1 3 1
x 4 : 0,003 0,3 1
1 4 20 2
:62 17,81: 0,0137 1301
1 1 3 1 20
3 2,65 4: 1,88 2
20 5 25 8
1
_ _

1
, ,
1 +
_ _
1
+

1
, , ]
Tai lieu on thi: Giai toan tren may tnh ien t Casio GV:
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 1 --
To: Toan tin
f. Tm y biet:
13 2 5 1 1
: 2 1
15,2.0,25 48,51:14,7 44 11 66 2 5
1 y
3,2 0,8 5 3,25
2
_

_
+

,
Bai 2: (Thi khu vc, 2002) Tnh gia tr cua x t cac phng trnh sau:
a.
3 4 4 1
0,5 1 . .x 1,25.1,8 : 3
4 5 7 2 3
5,2: 2,5
3 1 3 4
15,2.3,15 : 2 .4 1,5.0,8
4 2 4
1 _ _
+

1
_ , ,
]

_
,
+

,
b.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
3 2 4
0,15 0,35 : 3x 4,2 .
1 4 3 5
3 : 1,2 3,15
2 3 12 2
12,5 . : 0,5 0,3.7,75 :
7 5 17
_
1
+ + +

]
,
+
1

1
]
Bai 3: (Thi khu vc, 2001, e d b)
a. Tm 12% cua
3 b
a
4 3
+ biet:
( )
( ) ( )
2 1
3: 0,09: 0,15:2
5 2
a
0,32.6 0,03 5,3 3,88 0,67
2,1 1,965 : 1,2.0,045
1: 0,25
b
0,00325: 0,013 1,6.0,625
_
+ +

b. Tnh 2,5% cua
7 5 2
85 83 :2
30 18 3
0,004
_

,
c. Tnh 7,5% cua
7 17 3
8 6 .1
55 110 217
2 3 7
:1
5 20 8
_

,
_

,
d. Tm x, neu:
( ) 2,3 5:6,25 .7
4 6 1
5 : x:1,3 8,4. 6 1
7 7 8.0,0125 6,9 14
+ 1

+
' ; 1
+
]
Thc hien cac phep tnh:
e.
1 2 3 6 2
A 1 2 : 1 : 1,5 2 3,7
3 5 4 4 5
_ _ _
+ + +

, , ,
f.
5 3 2 3
B 12:1 . 1 3 :2
7 4 11 121
_
+

,
g.
1 1 6 12 10
10 24 15 1,75
3 7 7 11 3
C
5 60 8
0,25 194
9 11 99
_ _

, ,
_
+

,
h.
1 1
1 .
1 1,5 1
2 0,25
D 6: 0,8:
3 50 46
3 4
.0,4. 6
1
2 1 2,2.10
1:
2
+
+ +
+
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 2 --
To: Toan tin
i. ( )
4 2 4
0,8: .1.25 1,08 :
4 5 25 7
E 1,2.0,5 :
1 5 1 2 5
0,64 6 3 .2
25 9 4 17
_ _

, ,
+ +
_

,
k.
1 1
7 90
2 3
F 0,3(4) 1,(62):14 :
11 0,8(5) 11
+
+
Bai 4: (Thi khu vc 2003, e d b) Tnh:
a.
3 3 3 3 3
A 3 5 4 2 20 25 +
b.
3 3
3 3
3 3
54 18
B 200 126 2 6 2
1 2 1 2
+ + +
+ +
Bai 5: (Thi khu vc 2001)
a. Hay sap xep cac so sau ay theo th t tang dan:
17
10 5 16
3 26 245 45
a ,b ,c ,d
5 125 247 46
_

,
b. Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc sau: [ ]
1 33 2 1 4
0,(5).0,(2) : 3 : .1 :
3 25 5 3 3
_ _

, ,
c. Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc sau:
3 4 8 9
2 3 4 ... 8 9 + + + + +
Nhan xet: Dang bai kiem tra ky nang tnh toan thc hanh la
dang toan c ban nhat, khi tham gia vao oi tuyen bat buoc cac th
sinh phai t trang b cho mnh kha nang giai dang toan nay. Trong cac
ky thi a so la th sinh lam tot dang bai nay, tuy nhien nen lu y van
e thieu sot sau: Viet ap so gan ung mot cach tuy tien.
e tranh van e nay yeu cau trc khi dung may tnh e tnh can
xem ky co the bien oi c khong, khi s dung bien nh can chia
cac cum phep tnh phu hp e han che so lan nh.
V du: Tnh T =
6 6 6
1 999999999 0,999999999 + +
- Dung may tnh trc tiep cho ket qua la: 9,999999971 x 10
26
- Bien oi: T=
( )
6
6 6 6 6
1 999999999 0,999999999 + + ,
Dung may tnh tnh
6 6 6 6
1 999999999 0,999999999 + +
=999 999 999
Vay
6 3
T 999999999 999999999
Nh vay thay v ket qua nhan c la mot so nguyen th the
trc tiep vao may tnh ta nhan c ket qua la so dang a.10
n
(sai so
sau 10 ch so cua a).
Trong cac ky thi cap tnh dang bai nay thng chiem 40% -
60% so iem, trong cac ky thi cap khu vc dang nay chiem khoang
20% - 40%.
Trong dang bai nay th sinh can lu y: so thap phan vo han
tuan hoan (v du: 0,(4); 0,1(24); 9,895862; th sinh can biet cach bien
oi cac so nay sang so thap phan ung va lam viec vi cac so
ung o.
II. Dang 2 : A THC
Dang 2.1. Tnh gia tr cua a thc
Bai toan: Tnh gia tr cua a thc P(x,y,) khi x = x
0
, y = y
0
;
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 3 --
To: Toan tin
Phng phap 1: (Tnh trc tiep) The trc tiep cac gia tr cua x,
y vao a thc e tnh.
Phng phap 2: (S o Horner, oi vi a thc mot bien)
Viet
n n 1
0 1 n
P(x) a x ax ... a
+ + + di dang
0 1 2 n
P(x) (...(a x a )x a )x ...)x a + + + +
Vay
0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 n
P(x ) (...(a x a )x a )x ...)x a + + + +
. at b
0
= a
0
; b
1
= b
0
x
0
+ a
1
; b
2
= b
1
x
0
+
a
2
; ; b
n
= b
n-1
x
0
+ a
n
. Suy ra: P(x
0
) = b
n
.
T ay ta co cong thc truy hoi: b
k
= b
k-1
x
0
+ a
k
vi k 1.
Giai tren may: - Gan gia x
0
vao bien nhm M.
- Thc hien day lap: b
k-1 ALPHA M + a
k
V du 1: (S GD TP HCM, 1996) Tnh
+
+ +
5 4 2
3 2
3x 2x 3x x
A
4x x 3x 5
khi x = 1,8165
Cach 1: Tnh nh vao bien nh Ans
An phm: 1 . 8165
2 2
( 3Ans ^5 2Ans ^4 3Ans x Ans 1) ( 4Ans ^3 Ans x 3Ans 5) + + + +
Ket qua: 1.498465582
Cach 2: Tnh nh vao bien nh X
An phm: 1 . 8165 SHIFT STO X
2 2
( 3ALPHA X ^5 2ALPHA X ^4 3ALPHA X x ALPHA X 1) ( 4ALPHA X ^3 ALPHA X x 3ALPHA X 5) + + + +
Ket qua: 1.498465582
Nhan xet: Phng phap dung s o Horner ch ap dung hieu
qua oi vi may fx-220 va fx-500A, con oi vi may fx-500 MS va fx-
570 MS ch nen dung phng phap tnh trc tiep co s dung bieu thc
cha bien nh, rieng fx-570 MS co the the cac gia tr cua bien x
nhanh bang cach bam CALC , may hoi X? khi o khai bao cac gia tr
cua bien x an phm la xong. e co the kiem tra lai ket qua sau khi
tnh nen gan gia tr x
0
vao mot bien nh nao o khac bien Ans e
tien kiem tra va oi cac gia tr.
V du: Tnh
+
+ +
5 4 2
3 2
3x 2x 3x x
A
4x x 3x 5
khi x = 1,8165; x = - 0,235678; x =
865,321
Khi o ta ch can gan gia tr x
1
= - 0,235678 vao bien nh X: ( ) .

235678 SHIFT STO X
Dung phm mui ten len mot lan (man hnh hien lai bieu thc cu) roi
an phm la xong.
Trong cac ky thi dang toan nay luon co, chiem 1 en 5
iem trong bai thi. Kha nang tnh toan dan en sai so thng th
khong nhieu nhng neu bieu thc qua phc tap nen tm cach chia
nho bai toan tranh vt qua gii han bo nh cua may tnh se dan
en sai ket qua (may tnh van tnh nhng ket qua thu c la ket
qua gan ung, co trng hp sai han).
Bai tap
Bai 1: (S GD Ha Noi, 1996) Tnh gia tr bieu thc:
a. Tnh
4 3 2
x 5x 3x x 1 + + khi x = 1,35627
b. Tnh
5 4 3 2
P(x) 17x 5x 8x 13x 11x 357 + + khi x = 2,18567
Dang 2.2. Tm d trong phep chia a thc P(x) cho nh thc ax + b
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 4 --
To: Toan tin
Khi chia a thc P(x) cho nh thc ax + b ta luon c P(x)=Q(x)(ax+b) + r,
trong o r la mot so (khong cha bien x). The
b
x
a
ta c P(
b
a
) = r.
Nh vay e tm so d khi chia P(x) cho nh thc ax+b ta ch can i tnh r
= P(
b
a
), luc nay dang toan 2.2 tr thanh dang toan 2.1.
V du: (S GD TPHCM, 1998) Tm so d trong phep chia:P=
14 9 5 4 2
x x x x x x 723
x 1,624
+ + +
So d r = 1,624
14
- 1,624
9
- 1,624
5
+ 1,624
4
+ 1,624
2
+ 1,624 723
Qui trnh an may (fx-500MS va fx-570 MS)
An cac phm: 1. 624SHIFT STO X
ALPHA X ^14 ALPHA X ^9 ALPHA X ^5 ALPHA X ^4 ALPHA X ^2 ALPHA X 723 + + +
Ket qua: r = 85,92136979
Bai tap
Bai 1: (S GD ong Nai, 1998) Tm so d trong phep chia
5 3 2
x 6,723x 1,857x 6,458x 4,319
x 2,318
+ +
+
Bai 2: (S GD Can Th, 2003) Cho
( )
4 4 2
x
P x 5x 4x 3x 50 + +
. Tm phan d r
1
,
r
2
khi chia P(x) cho x 2 va x-3. Tm BCNN(r
1
,r
2
)?
Dang 2.3. Xac nh tham so m e a thc P(x) + m chia het cho
nh thc ax + b
Khi chia a thc P(x) + m cho nh thc ax + b ta luon c P(x)=Q(x)(ax+b)
+ m + r. Muon P(x) chia het cho x a th m + r = 0 hay m = -r = - P(
b
a
). Nh
vay bai toan tr ve dang toan 2.1.
V du : Xac nh tham so
1.1. (S GD Ha Noi, 1996, S GD Thanh Hoa, 2000). Tm a e
4 3 2
x 7x 2x 13x a + + + + chia het cho x+6.
- Giai -
So d ( ) ( )
2
4 3
a ( 6) 7( 6) 2 6 13 6
1
+ + +
]
An cac phm:
( )
6 SHIFT STO X
( ) (
ALPHA X ^
4
+
7
ALPHA X
3
x
+
2
ALPHA X
2
x
+
13
ALPHA X
)

Ket qua: a = -222
1.2. (S GD Khanh Hoa, 2001) Cho P(x) = 3x
3
+ 17x 625. Tnh a e P(x) +
a
2
chia het cho x + 3?
-- Giai
So d a
2
= - ( ) ( )
3
3 3 17 3 625
1
+
]
=> a =t ( ) ( )
3
3 3 17 3 625
1
+
]
3
( ) ( 3( ( ) 3) 17( ( ) 3) 625) + x
Ket qua: a = t 27,51363298
Chu y: e y ta thay rang P(x) = 3x
3
+ 17x 625 = (3x
2
9x + 44)(x+3)
757. Vay e P(x) chia het cho (x + 3) th a
2
= 757 => a = 27,51363298 va a
= - 27,51363298
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 5 --
To: Toan tin
Dang 2.4. Tm a thc thng khi chia a thc cho n thc
Bai toan m au: Chia a thc a
0
x
3
+ a
1
x
2
+ a
2
x + a
3
cho x c ta se
c thng la mot a thc bac hai Q(x) = b
0
x
2
+ b
1
x + b
2
va so d r.
Vay a
0
x
3
+ a
1
x
2
+ a
2
x + a
3
= (b
0
x
2
+ b
1
x + b
2
)(x-c) + r = b
0
x
3
+ (b
1
-b
0
c)x
2
+ (b
2
-
b
1
c)x + (r + b
2
c). Ta lai co cong thc truy hoi Horner: b
0
= a
0
; b
1
= b
0
c + a
1
;
b
2
= b
1
c + a
2
; r = b
2
c + a
3
.
Tng t nh cach suy luan tren, ta cung co s o Horner e tm thng
va so d khi chia a thc P(x) (t bac 4 tr len) cho (x-c) trong trng
hp tong quat.
V du : Tm thng va so d trong phep chia x
7
2x
5
3x
4
+ x 1 cho x 5.
-- Giai --
Ta co: c = - 5; a
0
= 1; a
1
= 0; a
2
= -2; a
3
= -3; a
4
= a
5
= 0; a
6
= 1; a
7
= -1; b
0
= a
0
= 1.
( ) 5SHIFT STO M 1 ALPHA M 0 ALPHA M 2
ALPHA M ( ) 3 ALPHA M 0 ALPHA M 0
ALPHA M 1 ALPHA M ( )1
+
+ + +
+ +
(-5) (23)
(-118) (590) (-2950)
(14751) (-73756)
Vay x
7
2x
5
3x
4
+ x 1 = (x + 5)(x
6
5x
5
+ 23x
4
118x
3
+ 590x
2
2590x +
14751) 73756.
Dang 2.5. Phan tch a thc theo bac cua n thc
Ap dung n-1 lan dang toan 2.4 ta co the phan tch a thc P(x) bac n
theo x-c: P(x)=r
0
+r
1
(x-c)+r
2
(x-c)
2
++r
n
(x-c)
n
.
V du: Phan tch x
4
3x
3
+ x 2 theo bac cua x 3.
-- Giai --
Trc tien thc hien phep chia P(x)=q
1
(x)(x-c)+r
0
theo s o Horner e
c q
1
(x) va r
0
. Sau o lai tiep tuc tm cac q
k
(x) va r
k-1
ta c bang
sau:
1 -3 0 1 -2 x
4
-3x
2
+x-2
3 1 0 0 1 1 q
1
(x)=x
3
+1, r
0
= 1
3 1 3 9 2
8
q
2
(x)=x
3
+3x+1, r
1
= 28
3 1 6 2
7
q
3
(x)=x+6, r
0
= 27
3 1 9 q
4
(x)=1=a
0
, r
0
= 9
Vay x
4
3x
3
+ x 2 = 1 + 28(x-3) + 27(x-3)
2
+ 9(x-3)
3
+ (x-3)
4
.
Dang 2.6. Tm can tren khoang cha nghiem dng cua a thc
Neu trong phan tch P(x) = r
0
+ r
1
(x-c)+r
2
(x-c)
2
++r
n
(x-c)
n
ta co r
i
0
vi moi i = 0, 1, , n th moi nghiem thc cua P(x) eu khong ln hn c.
V du: Can tren cua cac nghiem dng cua a thc x
4
3x
3
+ x 2 la c
= 3. (a thc co hai nghiem thc gan ung la 2,962980452 va
-0,9061277259)
Nhan xet: Cac dang toan 2.4 en 2.6 la dang toan mi (cha
thay xuat hien trong cac ky thi) nhng da vao nhng dang toan nay
co the giai cac dang toan khac nh phan tch a thc ra tha so,
giai gan ung phng trnh a thc, .
Van dung linh hoat cac phng phap giai ket hp vi
may tnh co the giai c rat nhieu dang toan a thc bac cao ma
kha nang nham nghiem khong c hoac s dung cong thc Cardano
qua phc tap. Do o yeu cau phai nam vng phng phap va van
dung mot cach kheo leo hp l trong cac bai lam.
Bai tap tong hp
Bai 1: (Thi khu vc 2001, lp 8) Cho a thc P(x) = 6x
3
7x
2
16x + m.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 6 --
To: Toan tin
a. Tm m e P(x) chia het cho 2x + 3.
b. Vi m va tm c cau a hay tm so d r khi cia P(x) cho 3x-2 va
phan tch P(x) ra tch cac tha so bac nhat.
c. Tm m va n e Q(x) = 2x
3
5x
2
13x + n va P(x) cung chia het cho x-2.
d. Vi n va tm c phan tch Q(x) ra tch cac tha so bac nhat.
Bai 2: (Thi khu vc 2002, lp 9)
a. Cho P(x) = x
5
+ ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + f. Biet P(1) = 1; P(2) = 4; P(3) = 9;
P(4) = 16; P(5) = 15. Tnh P(6), P(7), P(8), P(9).
a. Cho P(x) = x
4
+ mx
3
+ nx
2
+ px + q. Biet Q(1) = 5; Q(2) = 7; Q(3) = 9; Q(4) =
11. Tnh Q(10), Q(11), Q(12), Q(13).
Bai 3: (Thi khu vc 2002, lp 9) Cho P(x) = x
4
+ 5x
3
4x
2
+ 3x + m va Q(x) =
x
4
+ 4x
3
3x
2
+ 2x + n.
a. Tm gia tr cua m, n e cac a thc P(x) va Q(x) chia het cho x 2.
b. Vi gia tr m, n va tm c chng to rang a thc R(x) = P(x) Q(x)
ch co mot nghiem duy nhat.
Bai 4: (Thi khu vc, 2003, lp 9)
a. Cho P(x) = x
5
+ 2x
4
3x
3
+ 4x
2
5x + m.
1. Tm so d trong phep chia P(x) cho x 2,5 khi m = 2003
2. Tm gia tr m e P(x) chia het cho x 2,5
3. P(x) co nghiem x = 2. Tm m?
b. Cho P(x) = x
5
+ ax
4
+bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e. Biet P(1) = 3, P(2) = 9, P(3) = 19,
P(4) = 33, P(5) = 51. Tnh P(6), P(7), P(8), P(9), P(10), P(11).
Bai 5: (S SG Can Th 2002) Cho f(x)= x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx + c. Biet
1 7 1 3 1 89
f( ) ;f( ) ;f( )
3 108 2 8 5 500
. Tnh gia tr ung va gan ung cua
2
f( )
3
?
Bai 6: (Thi vao lp 10 chuyen toan cap III cua Bo GD, 1975)
1. Phan tch bieu thc sau ra ba tha so: a
4
6a
3
+ 27a
2
54a + 32.
2. T ket qua cau tren suy ra rang bieu thc n
4
6n
3
+ 27
2
54n + 32
luon la so chan vi moi so nguyen n.
Bai 7: (Thi hoc sinh gioi toan bang New York, My, 1984)
Co chnh xac ung 4 so nguyen dng n e
2
(n 1)
n 23
+
+
la mot so nguyen.
Hay tnh so ln nhat.
Bai 8: (Thi hoc sinh gioi toan bang New York, My, 1988)
Chia P(x) = x
81
+ ax
57
+ bx
41
+ cx
19
+ 2x + 1 cho x 1 c so d la 5. Chia
P(x) cho x 2 c so d la -4. Hay tm cap (M,N) biet rang Q(x) = x
81
+
ax
57
+ bx
41
+ cx
19
+ Mx + N chia het cho (x-1)(x-2)
Bai 9: (Thi khao sat vong tnh trng THCS ong Nai Cat Tien, 2004)
Cho a thc P(x) = x
10
+ x
8
7,589x
4
+ 3,58x
3
+ 65x + m.
a. Tm ieu kien m e P(x) co nghiem la 0,3648
b. Vi m va tm c, tm so d khi chia P(x) cho nh thc (x -23,55)
c. Vi m va tm c hay ien vao bang sau (lam tron en ch
so hang n v).
x -2,53 4,72149
1
5
34
3
6,15
+
5 7
6 7
P(x)
Bai 10: (Phong GD huyen Bao Lam - Lam ong, 2004)
1.Tnh
5 4 3
E=7x -12x +3x -5x-7,17 vi x= -7,1254
2.Cho x=2,1835 va y= -7,0216. Tnh
5 4 3 3 4
3 2 2 3
7x y-x y +3x y+10xy -9
F=
5x -8x y +y
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 7 --
To: Toan tin
3.Tm so d r cua phep chia :
5 4 2
x -6,723x +1,658x -9,134
x-3,281
4.Cho
7 6 5 4 3 2
P(x)=5x +2x -4x +9x -2x +x +10x-m. Tm m e P(x) chia het cho a thc
x+2
Bai 11: (S GD Lam ong, 2005)
a. Tm m e P(x) chia het cho (x -13) biet P(x) = 4x
5
+ 12x
4
+ 3x
3
+ 2x
2
5x
m + 7
b. Cho P(x) = ax
5
+ bx
4
+ cx
3
+ dx
2
+ ex + f biet P(1) = P(-1) = 11; P(2) = P(-2)
= 47; P(3) = 107.
Tnh P(12)?
Bai 12: (S GD Phu Tho, 2004)
Cho P(x) la a thc vi he so nguyen co gia tr P(21) = 17; P(37) = 33.
Biet P(N) = N + 51. Tnh N?
Bai 13: (Thi khu vc 2004)
Cho a thc P(x) = x
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d. Biet P(1) = -15; P(2) = -15; P(3) = -9.
Tnh:
a. Cac he so b, c, d cua a thc P(x).
b. Tm so d r
1
khi chia P(x) cho x 4.
c. Tm so d r
2
khi chia P(x) cho 2x +3.
Bai 13: (S GD Hai Phong, 2004)
Cho a thc P(x) = x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx + c. Biet P(1) = -25; P(2) = -21; P(3) = -41.
Tnh:
a. Cac he so a, b, c cua a thc P(x).
b. Tm so d r
1
khi chia P(x) cho x + 4.
c. Tm so d r
2
khi chia P(x) cho 5x +7.
d. Tm so d r
3
khi chia P(x) cho (x+4)(5x +7).
Bai 15: (S GD Thai Nguyen, 2003)
a. Cho a thc P(x) = x
4
+ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d. Biet P(1) = 0; P(2) = 4; P(3) = 18;
P(4) = 48. Tnh P(2002)?
b. Khi chia a thc 2x
4
+ 8x
3
7x
2
+ 8x 12 cho a thc x 2 ta c thng
la a thc Q(x) co bac 3. Hay tm he so cua x
2
trong Q(x)?
III. Dang 3 : GIAI PHNG TRNH VA HE
PHNG TRNH
Ghi nh: Trc khi thc hien giai nen viet phng trnh (he phng
trnh) di dang chnh tac e khi a cac he so vao may khong b
nham lan.
V du: Dang chnh tac phng trnh bac 2 co dang: ax
2
+ bx + c = 0
Dang chnh tac phng trnh bac 3 co dang: ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d = 0
Dang chnh tac he phng trnh bac 2 co dang:
1 1 1
2 2 2
ax by c
a x b y c
+
'
+
Dang chnh tac he phng trnh bac 3 co dang:

1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
ax by cz d
a x b y c z d
a x b y c z d
+ +
+ +
'
+ +
Dang 3.1. Giai phng trnh bac hai ax

2
+ bx + c = 0 (a 0)
3.1.1: Giai theo chng trnh cai san tren may
An MODE MODE 1 2 > nhap cac he so a, b, c vao may, sau moi lan
nhap he so an phm gia tr mi c ghi vao trong bo nh cua
may tnh.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 8 --
To: Toan tin
V du: (S GD TPHCM, 1996) Giai phng trnh: 1,85432x
2
3,21458x
2,45971 = 0
-- Giai --
MODE MODE 1 2 >
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. 85432 3. 321458 2. 45971 x1=2.308233881 x2=-0.574671173
Chu y: Khi giai bang chng trnh cai san tren may neu goc trai
man hnh may hien R I th nghiem o la nghiem phc, trong chng
trnh Trung hoc c s nghiem nay cha c hoc do o khong trn bay
nghiem nay trong bai giai. Neu co mot nghiem thc th phng trnh
co nghiem kep, ca hai nghiem eu la nghiem phc coi nh phng
trnh o la vo nghiem.
3.1.2: Giai theo cong thc nghiem
Tnh
2
b 4ac
+ Neu > 0 th phng trnh co hai nghiem:
1,2
b
x
2a
t
+ Neu = 0 th phng trnh co nghiem kep:

1,2
b
x
2a
+ Neu < 0 th phng trnh vo nghiem.

V du: (S GD ong Nai, 1998) Giai phng trnh 2,354x
2
1,542x 3,141 =
0
-- Giai --
2
( )1. 542 4 2. 354 ( ( ) 3.141) x SHIFT STO A
(27,197892)
(1. 542 ALPHA A ) 2 2. 354 + (x1 = 1,528193632)
(1. 542 ALPHA A ) 2 2. 354 (x2 = - 0,873138407)
Chu y: Neu e bai khong yeu cau nen dung chng trnh cai
san cua may tnh e giai.
Han che khong nen tnh trc khi tnh cac nghiem x1, x2 v
neu vay se dan en sai so xuat hien trong bien nh
sau 10 ch
so lam cho sai so cac nghiem se ln hn.
Dang toan nay thng rat t xuat hien trc tiep trong cac ky
thi gan ay ma chu yeu di dang cac bai toan lap phng trnh, tm
nghiem nguyen, chng minh nghiem a thc, xac nh khoan cha
nghiem thc cua a thc, . Can nam vng cong thc nghiem va
nh l Viet e ket hp vi may tnh giai cac bai toan bien the cua
dang nay.
Dang 3.2. Giai phng trnh bac ba ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d = 0 (a 0)
An MODE MODE 1 3 > nhap cac he so a, b, c, d vao may, sau moi lan
nhap he so an phm gia tr mi c ghi vao trong bo nh cua
may tnh.
V du: (S GD Can Th, 2002) Tm tat ca cac nghiem gan ung vi 5
ch so thap phan cua phng trnh x
3
5x + 1 = 0.
-- Giai --
An cac phm MODE MODE 1 3 >
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 9 --
To: Toan tin
1 0 ( ) 5 1 (x1=2,128419064) (x2=-2,33005874) (x3=0,201639675)
Chu y: Khi giai bang chng trnh cai san tren may neu goc trai
man hnh may hien R I th nghiem o la nghiem phc, trong chng
trnh Trung hoc c s nghiem nay cha c hoc do o khong trn bay
nghiem nay trong bai giai.
Ta co the s dung cong thc nghiem Cardano e giai phng trnh
tren, hoac s dung s o Horner e ha bac phng trnh bac 3 thanh
tch phng trnh bac 2 va bac nhat, khi o ta giai phng trnh tch theo
cac cong thc nghiem a biet.
Chu y: Neu e bai khong yeu cau, nen dung chng trnh cai
san cua may tnh e giai.
Dang 3.3. Giai he phng trnh bac nhat 2 an
An MODE MODE 1 2 nhap cac he so a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2 vao may, sau
moi lan nhap he so an phm gia tr mi c ghi vao trong bo
nh cua may tnh.
V du: (Thi vo ch toan Flanders, 1998)
Neu x, y thoa man he phng trnh
83249x 16751y 108249
16751x 83249y 41715
+
'
+
th
x
y
bang
(chon mot trong 5 ap so)
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 E.5
-- Giai
An cac phm MODE MODE 1 2
83249 16751 108249 16751 83249 41751 (1,25)=(0,25)
An tiep:
b/ c
a MODE 11. 25 0. 25 (5)
Vay ap so E la ung.
Chu y: Neu he phng trnh vo nghiem hoac vo nh th may tnh se
bao loi Math ERROR.
Ta co:
y
x
D
D
x ;y
D D
vi
1 2 2 1 x 1 2 2 1 y 1 2 2 1
D ab a b;D c b c b;D ac a c
Dang 3.4. Giai he phng trnh nhat ba an
Giai theo chng trnh cai san tren may
An MODE MODE 1 3 nhap cac he so a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2, a3, b3, c3 vao
may, sau moi lan nhap he so an phm gia tr mi c ghi vao
trong bo nh cua may tnh.
V du: Giai he phng trnh
3x y 2z 30
2x 3y z 30
x 2y 3z 30
+ +
+ +
'
+ +

MODE MODE 1 33 1 2 30 2 3 1 30 1 2 3 30 (x=5) (y=5) (z=5)
Chu y: Cong cac phng trnh tren ve theo ve ta c x + y + z = 15
suy ra x = y = z = 5.
Nhan xet: Dang toan 3 la dang bai de ch oi hoi biet s
dung thanh thao may tnh va cac chng trnh cai san tren may tnh.
Do o trong cac ky thi dang toan nay rat t chung thng xuat hien
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 10 --
To: Toan tin
di dang cac bai toan thc te (tang trng dan so, lai suat tiet
kiem, ) ma qua trnh giai oi hoi phai lap phng trnh hay he
phng trnh vi cac he so la nhng so le.
Bai tap tong hp
Bai 1: Giai cac phng trnh:
1.1. (S GD Ha Noi, 1996, Thanh Hoa, 2000): 1,23785x
2
+ 4,35816x
6,98753 = 0
1.2. (S GD TPHCM 1998): 1,9815x
2
+ 6,8321x + 1,0581 = 0
1.3. x
3
+ x
2
2x 1 =0
1.4. 4x
3
3x + 6 = 0
Bai 2: Giai cac he phng trnh sau:
2.1. (S GD ong Nai, 1998)
1,372x 4,915y 3,123
8,368x 5,214y 7,318

'
+
2.2. (S GD Ha Noi, 1996)

13,241x 17,436y 25,168
23,897x 19,372y 103,618

'
+
2.3. (S GD Can Th, 2002)

1,341x 4,216y 3,147
8,616x 4,224y 7,121

'
+
2.4.
2x 5y 13z 1000
3x 9y 3z 0
5x 6y 8z 600
+
+
'
IV. Dang 4 : LIEN PHAN SO

Lien phan so (phan so lien tuc) la mot cong cu toan hoc hu
hieu c cac nha toan hoc s dung e giai nhieu bai toan kho.
Bai toan: Cho a, b (a>b)la hai so t nhien. Dung thuat toan clit
chia a cho b, phan so
a
b
co the viet di dang:
0
0 0
0
b a 1
a a
b
b b
b
+ +
V b
0
la phan d cua a khi chia cho b nen b > b
0
. Lai tiep tuc bieu dien
phan so
1
1 1
0
0 0
1
b b 1
a a
b
b b
b
+ +
C tiep tuc qua trnh nay se ket thuc sau n bc va ta c:
0
0 0
1
n 2
n
b a 1
a a
1
b b
a
1
...a
a
+ +
+
+
. Cach bieu dien nay goi la cach bieu dien
so hu t di dang lien phan so. Moi so hu t co mot bieu
dien duy nhat di dang lien phan so, no c viet gon [ ]
0 1 n
a ,a ,...,a
.
So vo t co the bieu dien di dang lien phan so vo han bang
cach xap x no di dang gan ung bi cac so thap phan hu
han va bieu dien cac so thap phan hu han nay qua lien phan so.
Van e at ra: hay bieu dien lien phan so
0
1
n 1
n
1
a
1
a
1
...a
a
+
+
+
ve
dang
a
b
. Dang toan nay c goi la tnh gia tr cua lien phan so. Vi
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 11 --
To: Toan tin
s tr giup cua may tnh ta co the tnh mot cach nhanh chong dang
bieu dien cua lien phan so o.
An lan lt
b/ c b/ c b/ c
n 1 n n 2 0
a 1a a a 1a Ans ...a 1a Ans

+ + +
V du 1: (Vo ch toan New York, 1985) Biet
15 1
1
17
1
1
a
b
+
+
trong o a va b
la cac so dng. Tnh a,b?
-- Giai --
Ta co:
15 1 1 1 1
17 2 1 1
17
1 1 1
15 1
15 15
7
2 2

+ + +
+
. Vay a = 7, b = 2.
V du 2: Tnh gia tr cua
1
A 1
1
2
1
3
2
+
+
+
-- Giai -
An cac phm:
b/ c b/ c b/ c b/ c
3 1a 2 2 1a Ans 1 1a Ans SHIFT a + + +
23
( )
16
Nhan xet: Dang toan tnh gia tr cua lien phan so thng
xuat hien rat nhieu trong cac ky thi no thuoc dang toan kiem tra ky
nang tnh toan va thc hanh. Trong cac ky thi gan ay, lien phan so
co b bien the i oi chut v du nh:
8,2
A 2,35
6,21
2
0,32
3,12
2
+
+
+
vi dang nay
th no lai thuoc dang tnh toan gia tr bieu thc. Do o cach tnh tren
may tnh cung nh oi vi lien phan so (tnh t di len, co s
dung bien nh Ans).
Bai tap tong hp
Bai 1: (Thi khu vc lp 9, 2002) Tnh va viet ket qua di dang phan
so:
5 1
A 3 B 7
4 1
2 3
5 1
2 3
4 1
2 3
5
4
2
3
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
Bai 2: (Thi khu vc lp 9, 2003)
a. Tnh va viet ket qua di dang phan so:
20 2
A B
1 1
2 5
1 1
3 6
1 1
4 7
5 8

+ +
+ +
+ +
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 12 --
To: Toan tin
b. Tm cac so t nhien a va b biet:
329 1
1
1051
3
1
5
1
a
b
+
+
+
Bai 3: (Thi khu vc 2004, lp 9) Tm gia tr cua x, y t cac phng trnh
sau:
a.
x x
4
1 1
1 4
1 1
2 3
1 1
3 2
4 2
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
b.
y y
1 1
1 2
1 1
3 4
5 6
+
+ +
+ +
Bai 4: (Thi khu vc, 2001, lp 6 - 7) Lap qui trnh bam phm e tnh gia
tr cua lien phan so sau [ ]
M 3,7,15,1,292
va tnh
M
?
Bai 5: (Thi khu vc, 2001, lp 6 7, d b)
a. Lap qui trnh bam phm e tnh gia tr cua lien phan so sau
[ ]
M 1,1,2,1,2,1,2,1
va tnh 3 M ?
b. Tnh va viet ket qua di dang phan so:
1 1
A
1 1
5 2
1 1
4 3
1 1
3 4
2 5
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
Bai 6: (S GD Hai Phong, 2003 - 2004) Cho
12
A 30
5
10
2003
+
+

Hay viet lai A di dang [ ]
0 1 n
A a ,a ,...,a
?
Bai 7: Cac so 2, 3,
co bieu dien gan ung di dang lien phan

so nh sau: [ ]
2 1,2,2,2,2,2 ; [ ] [ ]
3 1,1,2,1,2,1; 3,17,15,1,292,1,1,1,2,1,3 . Tnh cac
lien phan so tren va so sanh vi so vo t ma no bieu dien?
Bai 8: (Phong GD Bao Lam Lam ong)
Tnh va viet ket qua di dang phan so
4
D=5+
4
6+
4
7+
4
8+
4
9+
10
V. Dang 5 : MOT SO NG DUNG CUA HE
EM
5.1. Tnh chat chia het
- Mot so chia het cho 3 (cho 9) neu tong cac ch so cua no chia het
cho 3 (cho 9).
- Mot so chia het cho 2 (cho 5) neu ch so tan cung cua no chia het
cho 2 (cho 5).
Chu y: Tnh chat chia het ch ung trong he c so cu the.
V du: Xet he em vi c so 12, ta co:
1. Mot so viet trong he em c so 12 chi het cho 2 (3, 4, 6) neu ch
so cuoi cung cua no chia het cho 2 (3, 4, 6).
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 13 --
To: Toan tin
2. So ( )
n n 1 2 1 0
12
a a a ...a aa
chia het cho 8 (cho 9) neu ( )

1 0
12
aa
chia het cho 8 (cho
9).
3. So ( )
n n 1 2 1 0
12
a a a ...a aa
chia het cho 11 neu

n n 1 1 0
a a ... a a
+
+ + + +
chia het cho
11.
M rong: So ( )
n n 1 2 1 0
12
a a a ...a aa
chia het cho q 1 neu

n n 1 1 0
a a ... a a
+
+ + + +
chia
het cho q.
5.2. He c so 2
Bai toan m au: Ch can 10 cau hoi la co the oan c mot
so cho trc (nho hn 1000) nh sau:
- So o co chia het cho 2 khong?(Neu co ghi 0, khong ghi 1)
- Thng cua so o chia het cho 2? (Neu co ghi 0, khong ghi 1)
Neu c tiep tuc nh vay ta c mot day cac so 1 hoac 0. Day nay
chnh la bieu dien cua so can tm trong c so 2. V so nho hn 1000
co nhieu nhat la 10 ch so trong bieu dien c so 2 nen 10 cau hoi
la u e biet so a cho. oi qua c so 10 ta c so can tm.
V du: So cho trc la 999.
V 999 = 499.2 + 1; 499 = 249.2 + 1; 249 = 124.2 + 1; 124 = 62.2 +1; ; 3 =
1.2 + 1 nen ta se co day so: 1111100111
2
= 999
10
.
5.3. ng dung he c so trong giai toan
Trong rat nhieu bai toan kho co the s dung he em e giai. Noi
cach khac, th he em co the c s dung nh mot phng phap
giai toan.
V du: Gia s f:N -> N thoa man: f(1)= 1; f(2n) = f(n) va f(2n+1) = f(2n) +
1 vi moi n nguyen dng. Tm gia tr ln nhat cua n khi 1 n 1994.
-- Giai --
Ta co: f(10
2
) = f(2) = f(1) = 1; f(11
2
) = f(3) = f(2.1 + 1) = f(2)+1 = 2; f(100
2
)
=1; f(101
2
) =2; f(110
2
) =2; f(111
2
) =3; f(1000
2
) =1; f(1001
2
) =2; .
Bai toan dan en phai tm so co ch so 1 ln nhat trong bieu dien
c so 2 cua cac so nho hn 1994. V 1994 < 2
11
1 nen f(n) co nhieu
nhat la 10 ch so. Ta co f(1023) = f(1111111
2
) = 10. Vay gia tr ln
nhat la 10.
Lu y: Ta phai chng minh quy luat: f(n) bang so ch so 1 trong bieu
dien c so 2 cua n.
Chng minh:
1) n chan th n = 2m = 10
2
.m. V m va n = 10
2
.m co cung so ch so 1
trong bieu dien c so 2 (trong he c so 2, khi nhan mot so vi 2 = 10
2
,
ta ch them so 0 vao cuoi so o). Theo quy nap (v m < n), f(m) bang
ung ch so 1 cua m, ma f(n) = f(2m) = f(m) nen f(n) cung bang ung
ch so 1 cua m, tc la n.
2) n le th n = 2m + 1 = 10
2
.m + 1 khi ay n co so ch so 1 nhieu hn m
la 1. Ta co: f(n) = f(2m + 1) = f(m) + 1. Ap dung quy nap ta co, f(m) bang
ung so ch so 1 cua m nen f(n) cung bang ung so ch so 1 cua
m cong 1, tc la bang ung so ch so 1 cua n.
Nhan xet: Dang toan nay la dang toan kho, thng rat t
xuat hien trong cac ky thi Giai toan bang may tnh bo tui Casio,
nhng s dung phng phap he c so giup chung ta phan tch c
mot so bai toan t o s dung cac phng phap chng minh toan
hoc va cac nguyen ly e giai. Noi cach khac, ay la mot phng
phap giai toan.
Bai tap tong hp
Bai 1: Tm c so q (2 q 12) biet so a = (3630)
q
chia het cho 7. Bieu
dien so a vi q tm c trong c so 10. (HD: ap dung tnh chat chia het)
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 14 --
To: Toan tin
Bai 2: Hai ngi chi lan lt lay ra so vien soi bat k t mot trong ba
ong soi. Ngi nhat vien soi cuoi cung se thang. Ngi i trc
thng thang. V sao? (HD: s dung he c so 2)
Bai 3: (Vo ch Trung Quoc, 1995) Cho f: N -> N thoa man f(1) = 1 va
f(2n) < 6f(n), 3f(n).f(2n+1) = f(2n).(1+3f(n)) vi moi n nguyen dng. Tm moi
nghiem cua phng trnh f(k) + f(n) = 293. (HD: V 3f(n)+1 va 3f(n) la
nguyen to cung nhau nen f(2n) = 3pf(n), suy ra p nguyen dng. f(2n) =
3f(n) va f(2n + 1) = 3f(n)+1 dan en: Vi so n viet trong he c so 2 th
f(n) co ung cac ch so cua n viet trong he c so 3).
Bai 4: Xac nh tat ca cac ham so f: N -> R thoa man f(1) = 1;
n 1
f(n) 1 f
2
_
+

,
neu n chan,
n
f(n) 1 f
2
_
+

,
neu n le. (HD: Dung qui nap
chng minh: f(n) chnh la so ch so cua n viet trong c so 2)
Bai 5: Gia s f: N -> N thoa man f(1) = 1; f(3) = 3 va vi moi n nguyen
dng th f(2n) = f(n); f(4n+1)=2f(2n+1) - f(n); f(4n+3) = 3f(2n+1) 2f(n). Tm
so n 1988 ma f(n) = n.
VI. Dang 6 : DAY TRUY HOI
Dang 6.1. Day Fibonacci
6.1.1. Bai toan m au: Gia s tho e theo quy luat sau: Mot oi
tho c moi thang e c mot oi tho con, moi oi tho con c sau
2 thang lai sinh ra mot oi tho na, roi sau moi thang lai sinh ra mot
oi tho con khac v.v va gia s tat ca cac con tho eu song.
Hoi neu co mot oi tho con nuoi t thang gieng en thang 2
th e oi tho au tien th en cuoi nam co bao nhieu oi tho?
-- Giai --
- Thang 1 (gieng) co mot oi tho so 1.
- Thang 2 oi tho so 1 e oi tho so 2. Vay co 2 oi tho trong
thang 2.
- Thang 3 oi tho so 1 e oi tho so 3, oi tho so 2 cha e c.
Vay co 2 oi tho trong thang 3.
- Thang 4 oi tho so 1 e oi tho so 4.1, oi tho so 2 e oi tho
so 4.2, oi tho so 3 cha e. Vay trong thang 4 co 5 oi tho.
Tng t ta co thang 5 co 8 oi tho, thang 6 co 13 oi tho,
Nh vay ta co day so sau: (ban au)1; 1; 2; 3; 5; 8; 13; 21; 34; 55; 89; 144;
233 (thang 12)
ay la mot day so co quy luat: Moi so hang ke t so hang th ba
bang tong hai so hang trc o.
Neu goi so tho ban au la u
1
; so tho thang th n la u
n
th ta co
cong thc:
u
1
= 1; u
2
= 1; u
n+1
= u
n
+ u
n-1
(vi n 2)
Day { }
n
u
co quy luat nh tren la day Fibonacci. u
n
goi la so (hang)
Fibonacci.
6.1.2. Cong thc tong quat cua so Fibonacci: Nh truy hoi ta
chng minh c so hang th n cua day Fibonacci c tnh theo cong
thc sau:
n n
n
1 1 5 1 5
u
2 2 5
1
_ _
+
1

1
, ,
]
(*)
Chng minh
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 15 --
To: Toan tin
Vi n = 1 th
1
1 1 5 1 5
u 1
2 2 5
1 _ _
+

1

1
, , ]
; Vi n = 2 th
2 2
1
1 1 5 1 5
u 1
2 2 5
1
_ _
+
1

1
, ,
]
;
Vi n = 3 th
3 3
1
1 1 5 1 5
u 2
2 2 5
1
_ _
+
1

1
, ,
]
;
Gia s cong thc ung ti n k. Khi ay vi n = k + 1 ta co:
k k k 1 k 1
k 1 k k 1
k k
1 1 5 1 5 1 1 5 1 5
u u u
2 2 2 2 5 5
1 1 5 2 1 5 2
1 1
2 2 5 1 5 1 5

+
1 1
_ _ _ _
+ +
1 1
+ +

1 1
, , , ,
] ]
1
_ _
+ _ _
1
+ +

+ 1
, ,
, ,
]
k k
k 1 k 1
1 1 5 3 5 1 5 3 5
2 2
5 1 5 1 5
1 1 5 1 5
2 2 5
+ +
1
_ _ _ _
+ +
1

+ 1
, , , ,
]
1
_ _
+
1

1
, ,
]
Theo nguyen ly quy nap cong thc (*) a c chng minh.
6.1.3. Cac tnh chat cua day Fibonacci:
1. Tnh chat 1: u
m
= u
k
.u
m+1-k
+ u
k-1
.u
m-k
hay u
n+m
= u
n-1
u
m
+ u
n
u
m+1
V du: e tnh so tho sau 24 thang ta chon n = m = 12 thay vao cong
thc ta co:
u
24
= u
12
+ u
12
= u
11
.u
12
+ u
12
.u
13
= 144(89 + 233)
2. Tnh chat 2: u
2n+1
= u
(n+1)+n
= u
n
u
n
+ u
n
u
n+1
=
2 2
n 1 n
u u
+
+
V du: e tnh so tho sau 25 thang ta lam nh sau:
u
25
=
2 2
13 12
u u + = 233
2
+ 144
2
= 7502.
3. Tnh chat 3: ( )
n 1
2
n n 1 n
u u .u 1

+

4. Tnh chat 4:
1 3 5 2n 1 2n
u u u ... u u
+ + + +
5. Tnh chat 5:
n 4 n 2 n 2 n
ntaco: u u u u 3
+ +

6. Tnh chat 6:
n 2 2 n 2 n 4
nso4u u u u 9lasochnhphng
+ +
+
7. Tnh chat 7:
2 2
n n k n k 1 n 2k 1 k k 1
nso4u u u u u u lasochnhphng
+ + + + +
+
8. Tnh chat 8:
n 1 n
1 2
n n
n n 1
u u
lim valim
u u
+
> >
+

trong o
1 2
;
la nghiem cua phng
trnh x
2
x 1 = 0, tc la
1 1
1 5 1 5
1,61803...; 0,61803...
2 2
+

Nhan xet: Tnh chat 1 va 2 cho phep chung ta tnh so hang cua
day Fibonacci ma khong can biet het cac so hang lien tiep cua
day. Nh hai tnh chat nay ma co the tnh cac so hang qua ln cua
day Fibonacci bang tay (dung giay but e tnh) ma may tnh ien t
khong the tnh c (ket qua khong hien th c tren man hnh).
Cac tnh chat t 3 en 7 co tac dung giup chung ta trong viec chng
minh cac bai toan co lien quan en day Fibonacci thng gap trong
cac bai thi, tnh chat 8 giup tm cac so hang khong ch cua day
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 16 --
To: Toan tin
Fibonacci ma cac so hang cua cac day bien the cua Fibonacci co tnh
hoi tu (b chan) trong mot khoang nao o. Dang toan nay thng
gap trong cac ky thi tnh va ky khu vc.
6.1.4. Tnh cac so hang cua day Fibonacci tren may tnh ien
t
6.1.4.1. Tnh theo cong thc tong quat
Ta co cong thc tong quat cua day:
n n
n
1 1 5 1 5
u
2 2 5
1
_ _
+
1

1
, ,
]
. Trong
cong thc tong quat so hang u
n
phu thuoc n, v n thay oi nen ta
dung bien nh Ans e thay gia tr n trong phep tnh.
An cac phm: 1
b/ c
1a 5( ( ( 1 5) 2 ) ) ^Ans ( ( 1 5) 2 ) ) ^Ans ) +
Muon tnh n = 10 ta an 10 , roi dung phm mot lan e chon lai
bieu thc va nhap an
6.1.4.2. Tnh theo day
Ta co day Fibonacci: u
1
= 1; u
2
= 1; u
n+1
= u
n
+ u
n-1
(vi n 2)
An cac phm: 1SHIFT STO A ----> gan u
2
= 1 vao bien nh
A
1SHIFT STO B + ----> lay u
2
+ u
1
= u
3
gan
vao B
Lap lai cac phm: ALPHA A SHIFT STO A + ----> lay u
3
+ u
2
= u
4
gan vao A
ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + ----> lay u
4
+ u
3
= u
5
gan
vao B
Bay gi muon tnh u
n
ta mot lan va , c lien tuc nh vay n 5
lan.
V du: Tnh so hang th 8 cua day Fibonacci?
An cac phm: 1SHIFT STO A 1SHIFT STO B + ALPHA A SHIFT STO A +
ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + (21)
Chu y: Co nhieu qui trnh an phm e tnh so hang u
n
cua day nhng
qui trnh tren ay la qui trnh toi u nhat v so phm an t nhat. oi vi
may fx-500 MS th an , oi vi may fx-570 MS co the an
hoac an them SHIFT COPY e tnh cac so hang t th 6 tr i.
Dang 6.2. Day Lucas
Tong quat: Cho u
1
= a, u
2
= b, u
n+1
= u
n
+ u
n-1
(vi n 2. a, b la
hai so tuy y nao o)
Nhan xet: Day Lucas la day tong quat cua day Fibonacci, vi a = b
= 1 th day Lucas tr thanh day Fibonacci.
An cac phm: bSHIFT STO A ----> gan u
2
= b vao
bien nh A
a SHIFT STO B + ----> lay u
2
+ u
1
= u
3
(u
3
= b+a)
gan vao B
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 17 --
To: Toan tin
Lap lai cac phm: ALPHA A SHIFT STO A + ----> lay u
3
+ u
2
= u
4
gan
vao A
ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + ----> lay u
4
+ u
3
= u
5
gan vao B
Bay gi muon tnh u
n
lan.
V du: (S GD Can Th, 2001, lp 9) Cho day u
1
= 8, u
2
= 13, u
n+1
= u
n
+ u
n-1
(n 2).
a. Lap qui trnh bam phm lien tuc e tnh u
n+1
?
b. S dung qui trnh tren tnh u
13
, u
17
?
-- Giai --
a. Lap qui trnh bam phm
An cac phm: 13SHIFT STO A
8SHIFT STO B +
Lap lai cac phm: ALPHA A SHIFT STO A +
ALPHA B SHIFT STO B +
b. S dung qui trnh tren e tnh u
13
, u
17
An cac phm: (u
13
= 2584)

(u
17
= 17711)
Ket qua: u
13
= 2584; u
17
= 17711
Dang 6.3. Day Lucas suy rong dang
Tong quat: Cho u
1
= a, u
2
= b, u
n+1
= Au
n
+ Bu
n-1
(vi n 2. a, b la
hai so tuy y nao o)
2
= b vao
bien nh A
a SHIFT STO B + A B ----> tnh u
3
(u
3
= Ab+Ba) gan
vao B
Lap lai cac phm: ALPHA A SHIFT STO A + A B ----> Tnh u
4
gan
vao A
ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + A B ----> lay u
5
gan vao B
Bay gi muon tnh u
n
lan.
V du: Cho day u
1
= 8, u
2
= 13, u
n+1
= 3u
n
+ 2u
n-1
(n 2). Lap qui trnh bam
phm lien tuc e tnh u
n+1
?
-- Giai --
Lap qui trnh bam phm
3 8 2SHIFT STO B +
Lap lai cac phm: 3 ALPHA A 2 SHIFT STO A +
3 ALPHA B 2 SHIFT STO B +
Dang 6.4. Day phi tuyen dang
Cho Cho u
1
= a, u
2
= b,
2 2
n 1 n n 1
u u u
+
+ (vi n 2).
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 18 --
To: Toan tin
2
= b vao bien nh
A
2 2
a SHIFT STO B + x x
----> lay u
2
2
+ u
1
2

= u
3
(u
3
= b
2
+a
2
)
gan vao B
Lap lai cac phm:
2 2
ALPHA A SHIFT STO A + x x
----> lay u
3
2
+ u
2
2

= u
4
gan vao A
2 2
ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + x x
----> lay u
4
2
+ u
3
2

= u
5
gan
vao B
Bay gi muon tnh u
n
lan.
V du: Cho day u
1
= 1, u
2
= 2,
2 2
n 1 n n 1
u u u
+
+ (n 2).
n+1
?
b. Tnh u
7
?
-- Giai --
2 2
1 SHIFT STO B + x x
Lap lai cac phm:
2 2
ALPHA A SHIFT STO A + x x
2 2
ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + x x
b. Tnh u
7
An cac phm: (u
6
=750797)
Tnh u
7
=u
6
2
+ u
5
2
= 750797
2
+ 866
2
= 563 696 135209 + 749956 = 563
696 885165
Ket qua: u
7
= 563 696 885165
Chu y: en u
7
may tnh khong the hien th c ay u cac ch
so tren man hnh do o phai tnh tay gia tr nay tren giay nhap co
s dung may tnh ho tr trong khi tnh. V du: 750797
2
= 750797.
(750.1000+797) = 750797.750.1000 + 750797.797 = 563097750.1000 +
598385209 = 563097750000 + 598385209= 563 696 135209.
Cho Cho u
1
= a, u
2
= b,
2 2
n 1 n n 1
u u u
+
+ A B (vi n 2).
2
= b vao
bien nh A
2 2
a SHIFT STO B + x x A B
----> Tnh u
3
= Ab
2
+Ba
2
gan
vao B
Lap lai cac phm:
2 2
ALPHA A SHIFT STO A + x x A B
----> Tnh u
4
gan vao A
2 2
ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + x x A B
----> Tnh u
5
gan
vao B
Bay gi muon tnh u
n
lan.
V du: Cho day u
1
= 1, u
2
= 2,
2 2
n 1 n n 1
u 3u 2u
+
+ (n 2). Lap qui trnh bam phm
lien tuc e tnh u
n+1
?
-- Giai --
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 19 --
To: Toan tin
Lap qui trnh bam phm
An cac phm: 2 SHIFT STO A
2 2
3 1 2SHIFT STO B + x x
Lap lai cac phm:
2 2
3 ALPHA A 2SHIFT STO A + x x
2 2
3 ALPHA B 2SHIFT STO B + x x
Dang 6.6. Day Fibonacci suy rong dang
Cho u
1
= u
2
= 1; u
3
= 2; u
n+1
= u
n
+ u
n-1
+ u
n-2
(vi n 3).
An cac phm: 1SHIFT STO A ----> gan u
2
= 1 vao
bien nh A
2 SHIFT STO B ----> gan u
3
= 2 vao bien
nh B
ALPHA A ALPHA B 1 SHIFT STO C + +
----> tnh u
4
avao C
Lap lai cac phm:
ALPHA B ALPHA A SHIFT STO A + +
----> tnh u
5
gan
bien nh A
ALPHA C ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + + ----> tnh u
6
gan bien
nh B
ALPHA A ALPHA C SHIFT STO C + + ----> tnh u
7
gan bien
nh C
Bay gi muon tnh u
n
ta va , c lien tuc nh vay n 7 lan.
V du: Tnh so hang th 10 cua day u
1
= u
2
= 1; u
3
= 2; u
n+1
= u
n
+ u
n-1
+ u
n-
2
?
An cac phm: 1SHIFT STO A 2 SHIFT STO B
ALPHA A ALPHA B 1 SHIFT STO C + +
ALPHA B ALPHA A SHIFT STO A + + ALPHA C ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + +
ALPHA A ALPHA C SHIFT STO C + +
(u
10
= 149)
Dang 6.7. Day truy hoi dang
Tong quat: Cho u
1
= a, u
2
= b, u
n+1
= Au
n
+ Bu
n-1
+ f(n) (vi n 2)
2
= b vao
bien nh A
a f(n) SHIFT STO B + A B + ----> tnh u
3
(u
3
= Ab+Ba+f(n))
gan vao B
Lap lai cac phm: ALPHA A f(n) SHIFT STO A + A B + ----> Tnh u
4
gan vao A
ALPHA B f(n) SHIFT STO B + A B + ----> tnh u
5
gan
vao B
V du: Cho day u
1
= 8, u
2
= 13, u
n+1
= 3u
n
+ 2u
n-1
+
1
n
(n 2).
n+1
?
b. Tnh u
7
?
-- Giai --
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 20 --
To: Toan tin
13SHIFT STO B
2SHIFT STO X
Lap lai cac phm: ALPHA X 1SHIFT STO X +
b/ c
3ALPHA B 2 ALPHA A 1a ALPHA X SHIFT STO A + +

b/ c
3ALPHA A 2ALPHA B 1a ALPHA X SHIFT STO B + +
b. Tnh u
7
?
An cac phm: (u
7
=
8717,92619)
Ket qua: u
7
= 8717,92619
Tong quat: Cho u
1
= a, u
2
= b, u
n+1
=
1 n 2 n 1
F (u ) F (u )
+
(vi n 2)
An cac phm: aSHIFT STO A
bSHIFT STO B
Lap lai cac phm:
1 2
F ( ALPHA B) F ( ALPHA A ) SHIFT STO A +
1 2
F ( ALPHA A ) F ( ALPHA B) SHIFT STO B +
V du: Cho u
1
= 4; u
2
= 5,
2
n n 1
n 1
5u 1 u 2
u
3 5
+
+ +
. Lap qui trnh an phm tnh u
n+1
?
-- Giai --
5SHIFT STO B
Lap lai cac phm:
b/ c 2 b/ c
( ( 5ALPHA B 1) a 3) ( ALPHA A x 2) a 5) SHIFT STO A + +
b/ c 2 b/ c
( ( 5ALPHA A 1) a 3) ( ALPHA B x 2) a 5) SHIFT STO B + +
Dang 6.9. Day Fibonacci tong quat
Tong quat:
k
n 1 i i
i 1
u F (u)
+
trong o u
1
, u
2
, , u
k
cho trc va F
i
(u
i
) la
cac ham theo bien u.
Dang toan nay tuy thuoc vao tng bai ma ta co cac qui trnh lap
day phm rieng.
Chu y: Cac qui trnh an phm tren ay la qui trnh an phm toi u
nhat (thao tac t nhat) xong co nhieu dang (thng dang phi tuyen tnh)
th ap dung qui trnh tren neu khong can than se dan en nham lan
hoac sai xot th t cac so hang. Do o, ta co the s dung qui trnh
an phm theo kieu dien giai theo noi dung day so e tranh nham lan,
van e nay khong anh hng g en anh gia ket qua bai giai.
V du: Cho u
1
= a, u
2
= b,
2 2
n 1 n n 1
u u u
+
+ A B (vi n 2).
An cac phm: aSHIFT STO A ----> gan u
1
= a vao bien nh
A
bSHIFT STO B ----> Tnh u
2
= b gan vao B
Lap lai cac phm:
2 2
ALPHA B ALPHA A SHIFT STO A + x x A B
--> Tnh u
3
gan vao A
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 21 --
To: Toan tin

2 2
ALPHA A ALPHA B SHIFT STO B + x x A B
--> Tnh u
4
gan
vao B
Bay gi muon tnh u
n
lan.
Nhan xet: Lap qui trnh theo kieu nay th tat ca dang toan eu
lam c, rat t nham lan nhng tnh toi u khong cao. Chang han vi
cach lap nh dang 6.5 th e tnh u
n
ta ch can an lien tuc n 5
lan, con lap nh tren th phai an n 4 lan.
Nh vao may tnh e tnh cac so hang cua day truy hoi
ta co the phat hien ra quy luat cua day so (tnh tuan hoan, tnh b
chan, tnh chia het, so chnh phng, ) hoac giup chung ta lap c
cong thc truy hoi cua day cac day so.
ay la dang toan the hien ro net viec van dung may
tnh ien t trong hoc toan theo hng oi mi hien nay. Trong hau
het cac ky thi tnh, thi khu vc eu co dang toan nay.
Bai tap tong hp
Bai 1: (Thi khu vc, 2001, lp 9) Cho day u
1
= 144; u
2
= 233; u
n+1
= u
n
+ u
n-1
.
a. Lap mot qui trnh bam phm e tnh u
n+1
.
b. Tnh chnh xac en 5 ch so sau dau phay cac t so
3 6 2 4
1 2 3 5
u u u u
; ; ;
u u u u
Bai 2: (Thi khu vc, 2003, lp 9) Cho day u
1
= 2; u
2
= 20; u
n+1
= 2u
n
+ u
n-1
.
a. Tnh u
3
;

u
4
; u
5
; u
6
; u
7
.
b. Viet qui trnh bam phm e tnh u
n
.
c. Tnh gia tr cua u
22
; u
23
; u
24
; u
25
.
Bai 3: (Thi khu vc, 2003, lp 9 d b) Cho day so
( ) ( )
n n
n
2 3 2 3
u
2 3
+
a. Tnh 8 so hang au tien cua day.

b. Lap cong thc truy hoi e tnh u
n+2
theo u
n+1
va u
n
.
c. Lap mot qui trnh tnh u
n
.
d. Tm cac so n e u
n
chia het cho 3.
Bai 4: (Thi khu vc, 2003, lp 9 d b) Cho u
0
= 2; u
1
= 10; u
n+1
= 10u
n
u
n-1
.
a. Lap mot quy trnh tnh u
n+1
b. Tnh u
2
; u
3
; u
4
; u
5
, u
6
c. Tm cong thc tong quat cua u
n
.
Bai 5: (Thi vo ch toan Leningrat, 1967) Cho day u
1
= u
2
= 1;
2 2
n 1 n n 1
u u u
+
+
. Tm so d cua u
n
chia cho 7.
Bai 6: (Tap ch toan hoc & tuoi tre, thang 1.1999) Cho u
1
= 1; u
2
= 3, u
n+2
= 2u
n+1
u
n+1
. Chng minh: A=4u
n
.u
n+2
+ 1 la so chnh phng.
Bai 7: (Olympic toan Singapore, 2001) Cho a
1
= 2000, a
2
= 2001 va a
n+2
=
2a
n+1
a
n
+ 3 vi n = 1,2,3 Tm gia tr a
100
?
Bai 8: (Tap ch toan hoc & tuoi tre, thang 7.2001) Cho day so u
n
c
xac nh bi: u
1
= 5; u
2
= 11 va u
n+1
= 2u
n
3u
n-1
vi moi n = 2, 3,.
Chng minh rang:
a. Day so tren co vo so so dng va so am.
b. u
2002
chia het cho 11.
Bai 9: (Thi gioi toan, 1995)Day u
n
c xac nh bi:
u
0
= 1, u
1
= 2 va u
n+2
=
n 1 n
n 1 n
u 9u ,n 2k
9u 5u ,n 2k 1
+
+
+
'
+ +
vi moi n = 0, 1, 2, 3, .
Chng minh rang:
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 22 --
To: Toan tin
a.
2000
2
k
k 1995
u
chia het cho 20

b. u
2n+1
khong phai la so chnh phng vi moi n.
Bai 10: (S GD Lam ong, 2005) Cho u
1
= u
2
= 7; u
n+1
= u
1
2
+ u
n-1
2
. Tnh
u
7
=?
Bai 11: (Trng THCS ong Nai Cat Tien 2005)
Cho day u
1
= u
2
= 11; u
3
= 15; u
n+1 =
+ +
2
n n 1
n 1 n
5u u
3 u 2 u
vi n 3
a. Lap quy trnh bam phm e tm so hang th u
n
cua day?
b. Tm so hang u8 cua day?
Bai 12: (Trng THCS ong Nai Cat Tien 2005)
Cho day u
1
= 5; u
2
= 9; u
n +1
= 5u
n
+ 4u
n-1
(n2).
n
cua day?
b. Tm so hang u
14
cua day?
Bai 13: (Phong GD Bao Lam, 2005)
a.Cho
1 n+1 n
u =1,1234 ; u =1,0123.u (n N; n 1)
. Tnh
50
u
?
b. Cho
2
n
1 n+1 2
n
3u +13
u =5 ; u = (n N; n 1)
u +5

. Tnh
15
u
?
c. Cho u
0
=3 ; u
1
= 4 ; u
n
= 3u
n-1
+ 5u
n-2
(n2). Tnh u
12
?
Bai 14: (Thi khu vc 2002, lp 9)Cho day so xac nh bi cong thc
2
n
n 1 2
n
4x 5
x
x 1
+
+
+
, n la so t nhien, n >= 1. Biet x
1
= 0,25. Viet qui trnh an
phm tnh x
n
? Tnh x
100
?
VII. Dang 7 : PHNG TRNH SAI PHAN BAC HAI
VA MOT SO DANG TOAN THNG GAP
Phng trnh sai phan la mot trong nhng dang toan kho va phc
tap, no khong c nhac en trong cac sach giao khoa pho thong
hien tai (ca sach cap 2 va cap 3) ma ch c nguyen cu trong
cac trng ai hoc, cao ang. oi vi toan pho thong ch c viet
di dang cac bai toan thc te nh ly thuyet day, lai kep nien
khoan, cap so nhng trong cac ky thi HSG gan ay dang toan nay
thng xuyen xuat hien, nhat la cac ky thi cap khu vc. Trong phan
nay ch trnh bay cac kien thc c ban va n gian nhat ve phng
trnh sai phan bac hai va cac dang toan co lien quan en cac ky thi
HSG bac THCS.
Yeu cau: Cac th sinh (trong oi tuyen trng THCS ong Nai)
phai nam vng cac kien thc c ban ve day truy hoi, phng trnh
bac hai, he phng trnh bac nhac hai an so, phng phap tuyen tnh
hoa.
7.1. Phng trnh sai phan tuyen tnh thuan nhat bac 2:
nh ngha: Phng trnh sai phan tuyen tnh thuan nhat bac hai
vi he so la hang so co dang:
n 2 n 1 n
ax bx cx 0 (*); vi n 0;1;2;...
+ +
+ +
trong
o a 0; b, c la hang so.
Nghiem tong quat:
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 23 --
To: Toan tin
Neu c = 0 th phng trnh (*) co dang:
n 2 n 1 n 2 n 1 n 1
b
ax bx 0 x x x
a
+ + + + +
+

co nghiem tong quat
n
n+1 1
x = x .
Neu phng trnh (*) co phng trnh ac trng la
2
a +b +c=0 co hai
nghiem
1 2
,
th viec tm nghiem da vao cac menh e sau:
Menh e 1: Gia s hai nghiem cua phng trnh ac trng la phan
biet (
1 2

) khi ay phng trnh (*) co nghiem tong quat la:
n n
n 1 1 2 2
x =C +C trong o C
1
, C
2
la nhng so bat ky goi la hang so t do
va c xac nh theo ieu kien ban au x
0
, x
1
.
V du 1: Tm nghiem cua phng trnh sai phan:
0 1 n 2 n 1 n
u 7;u 6;u 3u 28u
+ +
+
.
-- Giai --
Phng trnh ac trng
2
-3 28=0 co hai nghiem
1 2
4; 7
. Vay
nghiem tong quat co dang:
n n
n 1 2
u =C (-4) +C 7 .
Vi n = 0 ta co:
1 2 0
C +C 7( x )
Vi n = 1 ta co:
1 2 1
-4.C +7C 6( x )
Giai he
1 2
1 2
C +C 7
-4.C +7C 6

'

=>
1
2
C 5
C 2

'
Vay nghiem tong quat phng trnh co dang:

n n
n
u =5.(-4) +2.7
Menh e 2: Neu phng trnh ac trng co nghiem kep
1 2
b
a
th
nghiem tong quat cua phng trnh (*) co dang:
( )
n n n
n 1 1 2 1 1 2 1
x =C +C n C +C n
trong o C
1
, C
2
la hang so t do va c xac
nh theo ieu kien ban au x
0
, x
1
.
V du 2: Tm nghiem phng trnh sai phan:
0 1 n 2 n 1 n
u 1;u 2;u 10u 25u
+ +

.
-- Giai --
Phng trnh ac trng
2
-10 25=0 + co hai nghiem
1 2
5
. Vay nghiem
tong quat co dang:
n
n 1 2
u =(C +C n)5 .
Vi n = 0 ta co:
1
C 1
Vi n = 1 ta co:
1 2 2
7
(C +C ).5 2 C
5
>
Vay nghiem tong quat phng trnh co dang:
n
n
7
u =(-1+ n)5
5
Menh e 3: Neu phng trnh ac trng khong co nghiem thc th
nghiem tong quat cua phng trnh (*) co dang: ( )
n
1 2
r C cosn C sinn +
n
x =

trong o
2 2
B
r A B ; arctg ;
A
+
b
A ;B
2a 2a

; C
1
, C
2
la hang so t do xac
nh theo ieu kien ban au x
0
, x
1.
V du 3: Tm nghiem cua phng trnh sai phan:
0 1 n 2 n 1 n
1
u 1;u ;u u u
2
+ +

-- Giai --
Phng trnh ac trng
2
- 1=0 + co hai nghiem phc
1,2
1 i 3
2
t
.
Ta co:
1 3
A ;B ;r 1;
2 2 3

Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 24 --
To: Toan tin
Vay nghiem tong quat co dang:
n 1 2
n n
u =C cos C sin
3 3

+ .
Vi
0 1
1
u 1;u
2
th C
1
= 1 va
1 2
1
C cos C sin
3 3 2

+ => C
2
= 0.
Vay nghiem tong quat co dang:
n
n
u =cos
3
.
Bai tap
Tm nghiem u
n
cua cac phng trnh sau:
a.
0 1 n 2 n n 1
u 8;u 3;u 12u u
+ +

b.
0 1 n 2 n 1 n
u 2;u 8;u 8u 9u 0
+ +
+
c.
0 1 n 2 n 1 n
u 1;u 16;u 8u 16u 0
+ +
+
7.2. Phng trnh sai phan phi tuyen bac 2:
7.2.1. M au:
Dang tong quat: F(x
n+2
, x
n+1
, x
n
) = 0; n = 0; 1; 2; .
Dang chnh tac: x
n+2
=f( x
n+1
, x
n
) ; n = 0; 1; 2; .
V du: Tnh gia tr day:
2 2
0 1 n 1 n n 1
u u 1;u u u ; n 2
+
+
7.2.2. Phng phap tuyen tnh hoa:
7.2.2.1. Phng phap bieu dien nghiem di dang tuyen
tnh:
V du 1: Cho day
2
n 1
0 1 n
n 2
u 2
u u 1;u ; n 3
u
+

. Tm dang tuyen tnh cua day
a cho?
-- Giai --
Goi so hang tong quat cua day co dang:
n n 1 n 2
u au bu c

+ +
(*)
Cho n = 1; 2; 3 ta c
3 4 5
u 3;u 11;u 41
Thay vao (*) ta c he:
a b c 3
3a b c 11
11a 3b c 41
+ +
+ +
'
+ +
=>
a 4
b 1
c 0

'
Vay
n n 1 n 2
u 4u u

Chu y: Ta co the dung phng phap qui nap e chng minh cong
thc tren.
7.2.2.2. Phng phap at an phu:
V du 2: Cho day
n 1 n 2
0 1 n
n 2 n 1
u u 1 1
u ;u ;u ; n 2
2 3 3u 2u

. Tm cong thc tong

quat cua day.
-- Giai --
Ta thay
n
u 0
(vi moi n) v neu u
n
= 0 th u
n-1
= 0 hoac u
n-2
= 0 do o u
2
=
0 hoac u
1
= 0. Vo l.
at n
n
1
v
u
khi ay
n n 1 n 2
v 3v 2v

co phng trnh ac trng
2
3 2 0 + co
nghiem
1 2
1; 2
.
Cong thc nghiem tong quat:
n
n 1 2
v C C .2 + . Vi n = 0; 1 ta co:
1 2
1
C 1;C
2
.
Vay
n 1
n
v 1 2
+ hay
n n 1
1
u
1 2
+
7.2.2.3. Phng phap bien oi tng ng:
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 25 --
To: Toan tin
V du 3: Cho day
2
0 1 n 1 n n
u 2;u 6 33;u 3u 8u 1; n 2
+
+ + . Tm cong thc
tong quat cua day.
-- Giai --
Bnh phng hai ve phng trnh a cho ta co:
2 2
n 1 n 1 n n
u 6u .u u 1
+ +
+ .
Thay n + 1 bi n ta c:
2 2
n n n 1 n 4
u 6u .u u 1

+ .
Tr tng ve cua hai phng trnh tren ta c: ( ) ( )
n 1 n 1 n 1 n n 1
u u u 6u u 0
+ +
+
Do
2
n 1 n n
u 3u 8u 1
+
+ nen
n 1 n n 1 n 1
u 3u 9u u
+
> > >
Suy ra
n 1 n n 1
u 6u u 0
+
+
co phng trnh ac trng
2
6 1 0 + co nghiem
1,2
3 8 t
Cong thc nghiem tong quat
( ) ( )
n n
n 1 2
u C 3 8 C 3 8 + +
T cac gia tr ban au suy ra:
1,2
8 66
C
8
t
Vay so hang tong quat:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n n
n
8 66 3 8 8 66 3 8
u
8
+ + +
Bai tap
Bai 1: Tm nghiem tong quat cua phng trnh sau:
2
0 n 1 n n
u 0;u 5u 24u 1
+
+ +
Bai 2: Xac nh so hang tong quat cua day so:
n
1 n 1
2
n
u
u 1;u
2 3 u
+

+ +
7.3. Mot so dang toan thng gap:
7.3.1. Lap cong thc truy hoi t cong thc tong quat:
V du 1: (Thi khu vc 2005) Cho day so
( ) ( )
+
n n
n
3 2 3 2
u
2 2
. Lap cong
thc truy hoi e tnh
+ n 2
u
theo
n 1
u
+
,
n
u
.
-- Giai --
Cach 1:
Gia s
n 2 n 1 n
u au bu c
+ +
+ +
(*).
Vi n = 0, 1, 2, 3 ta tnh c
0 1 2 3 4
u 0;u 1;u 6;u 29;u 132
.
Thay vao (*) ta c he phng trnh :
a c 6
6a b c 29
29a 6b c 132
+
+ +
'
+ +
=>
a 6
b 7
c 0

'
Vay
n 2 n 1 n
u 6u 7u
+ +

Chu y: Vi bai tren ta co the gia s
n 2 n 1 n
u au bu
+ +
+
th bai toan se
giai nhanh hn.
Cach 2:
at
1 2
3 2; 3 2 + khi ay
1 2 1 2
6va . 7 +
chng to
1 2
,
la
nghiem cua phng trnh ac trng
2 2
6 7 0 6 7 + do o ta co:
2
1 1
6 7 va
2
2 2
6 7
Suy ra:
n 2 n 1 n
1 1 1
6 7
+ +

n 2 n 1 n
2 2 2
6 7
+ +

Vay ( ) ( )
n 2 n 2 n 1 n n 1 n n 1 n 1 n n
1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
(6 7 ) (6 7 ) 6 7
+ + + + + +

Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 26 --
To: Toan tin
hay
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n 2 n 2 n 1 n 1 n n
3 2 3 2 6 3 2 3 2 7 3 2 3 2
+ + + +
1 1
+ + +
1 1
] ]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n 2 n 2 n 1 n 1 n n
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
6 7
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + + +
1 1
+ + +
1 1

1 1
1 1
] ]
tc la
n 2 n 1 n
u 6u 7u
+ +

.
7.3.2. Tm cong thc tong quat t cong thc truy hoi:
V du 2: (Thi khu vc 2002) Cho day so
0 1 n 1 n n 1
u 2;u 10vau 10u u
+

(*). Tm
cong thc tong quat u
n
cua day?
-- Giai --
Phng trnh ac trng cua phng trnh (*) la:
2
10 1 0 + co hai nghiem
1,2
5 2 6 t
Vay
( ) ( )
n n
n n
n 1 1 2 2 1 2
u C C C 5 2 6 C 5 2 6 + + +
Vi n = 0; 1 ta co he phng trnh sau:
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
C C 2
5 2 6 C 5 2 6 C 10
+
'
+ + +
=>
1
2
C 1
C 1

'
Vay so hang tong quat

( ) ( )
n n
n
u 5 2 6 5 2 6 + + .
7.3.3. Tnh so hang th n cua day khi biet cong thc truy
hoi:
Cac giai: Neu lap theo cong thc truy hoi ma so lan lap qua
nhieu se dan en thao tac sai, do o ta se i tm cong thc tong
quat cho so hang u
n
theo n sau o thc hien tnh.
V du 3: Cho day so
0 1 n 1 n n 1
u 2;u 10vau 10u u
+

. Tnh so hang th u
100
?
-- Giai --
Cach 1:
10SHIFT STO B
Lap lai cac phm: ALPHA B ALPHA A SHIFT STO A 10
ALPHA A ALPHA B SHIFT STO B 10
Bay gi muon tnh u
100
ta 96 lan.
Cach 2:
Tm cong thc tong quat
( ) ( )
n n
n
u 5 2 6 5 2 6 + + .
( 5 2 6) 100 ( 5 2 6) 100 + +
$ $
Nhan xet: Nh vay cach 2 se nhanh va chnh xac hn nhieu so vi
cach 1 nhng se mat thi gian e tm ra cong thc tong quat. Do o
neu so hang can tnh la nho th ta dung cach 1, con ln ta se dung
cach 2.
VIII. Dang 8 : MAY TNH IEN T TR GIUP
GIAI TOAN
Vi may tnh ien t, xuat hien mot dang e thi hoc sinh gioi toan
mi: ket hp hu c gia suy luan toan hoc vi tnh toan tren may
tnh ien t. Co nhng bai toan kho khong nhng ch oi hoi phai
nam vng cac kien thc toan (l thuyet ong d, chia het, ) va
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 27 --
To: Toan tin
sang tao (cach giai oc ao, suy luan ac biet, ), ma trong qua
trnh giai con phai xet va loai tr nhieu trng hp. Neu khong
dung may tnh th thi gian lam bai se rat lau. Nh vay may tnh
ien t ay nhanh toc o lam bai, do o cac dang toan nay rat
thch hp trong cac ky thi hoc sinh gioi toan ket hp vi may tnh ien
t. (Trch li dan cua Ta Duy Phng - Vien toan hoc).
Mot so v du minh hoa
V du 1: (Thi khu vc, 2003, lp 9)
Tm tat ca cac so t nhien n (1010n2010) sao cho
n
a 20203 21n +
cung la so t nhien.
-- Giai --
V 1010 n 2010 nen 203,5 41413 a
n
62413 249,82.
V a
n
nguyen nen 204 n 249. Ta co a
n
2
= 20203 + 21n = 21.962 + 1 +
21n.
Suy ra: a
n
2
1 = 21(962+n), hay (a
n
- 1)(a
n
+ 1) = 3.7.(962+n).
Do o, ( ) ( )
2
n n n
a 1 a 1 a 1 +
chia het cho 7.
Chng to (a
n
- 1) hoac (a
n
+ 1) chia het cho 7. Vay a
n
= 7k + 1 hoac a
n
=
7k 1.
* Neu a
n
= 7k 1 thi do 204 n =7k-1 249 => 29,42 k 35,7. Do k
nguyen nen { } k 30;31;32;33;34;35
. V
2
n
a 1 7k(7k 2) chia het cho 21 nen k
ch la: 30; 32; 33; 35. Ta co:
k 30 32 33 35
n 111
8
140
6
155
7
187
3
a
n
209 223 230 244
* Neu a
n
= 7k + 1 thi do 204 n =7k-1 249 => 29,14 k 35,57. Do k
nguyen nen { } k 30;31;32;33;34;35
. V
2
n
a 1 7k(7k 2) + chia het cho 21 nen k
ch la: 30; 31; 33;
34. Ta co:
Nh vay ta co tat ca 8 ap so.
V du 2: Tnh A = 999 999 999
3
-- Giai --
Ta co: 9
3
=729; 99
3
= 970299; 999
3
=997002999; 9999
3
=
9999
2
.9999=9999
2
(1000-1)= 999700029999.
T o ta co quy luat:
{ { {
3
n 1chso n 1chso nchso9
nchso9
99...9 99...9700...0299...9

12 3
Vay 999 999 999
3
= 999 999 997 000 000 002 999 999 999.
Bai tap tong hp
Bai 1: (Thi khu vc, 2002, lp 9, d b)
a. Tm so t nhien n nho nhat sao cho n
3
la mot so co ba ch so au
va bon ch so cuoi eu bang 1, tc la n
3
=
111...1111
.
b. Tm so t nhien n sao cho (1000 n 2000) sao cho
n
a 57121 35n + la
so t nhien.
Nguyen Tan Phong
k 30 32 33 35
n 111
8
140
6
155
7
187
3
a
n
209 223 230 244
-- 28 --
To: Toan tin
c. Tm tat ca cac so t nhien n sao cho n
2
=
2525******89
, cac dau *
v tr khac nhau co the la cac so khac nhau.
d. Tm tat ca cac so n co ba ch so sao cho n
69
=
1986...
, n
121
=
3333...
Bai 2: (Thi khu vc 2003, lp 9, d b)
a. Tm cac ch so a, b, c e ta co:
a5 bcd 7850
b. Tm cac so co khong qua 10 ch so ma khi ta a ch so cuoi
cung len v tr au tien th so o tang len gap 5 lan.
c. Hay tm 5 ch so cuoi cung cua so
24
2
2 1 +
(So Fecma th 24)
d. Giai phng trnh x
2
2003[ ]
x
+ 2002 = 0 vi [ ]
x
la phan nguyen cua x.
Bai 3: (Thi khu vc 2003, lp 12) Tm so d khi chia 2001
2010
cho so 2003.
Bai 4: (Thi khu vc 2001, lp 10)
a. Tm cac c so nguyen to nho nhat va ln nhat cua so 215
2
+
314
2
.
b. Tm so ln nhat va nho nhat trong cac so t nhien dang 1x2y3z4
chia het cho 7.
Bai 5: (S GD Can Th 2003) So 3
12
1 chia het cho hai so t nhien
nam trong khoang 70 en 79. Tm hai so o?
Bai 6: (Thi khu vc 2002, lp 12) Tm UCLN cua hai so sau: a = 24614205; b
= 10719433.
Bai 7: Kiem nghiem tren may tnh cac so dang 10n + 1 la hp so
vi n = 3, , 10. Chng minh rang, so dang 10n + 1 co the la so
nguyen to ch khi n co dang n = 2
p
. (Gia thiet: 10
n
+ 1 la so nguyen
to khi va ch khi n = 1 hoac n = 2).
Bai 8: Tm tat ca cac cap so
ab
va
cd
sao cho khi oi ngc hai so o
th tch khong oi, tc la:
ab cd ba dc
(V du: 12.42 = 21.24 = 504)
Bai 9: Tm phan so
m
n
xap x tot nhat ( )
m
2( m,n 2
n

la nho
nhat), trong o m, n la so co hai ch so.
Bai 10: (Trng THCS ong Nai Cat Tien, 2005) Cho so t nhien n
(5050
n
8040) sao cho a
n
= 80788 7n + cung la so t nhien.
a. a
n
phai nam trong khoang nao?
b. Chng minh rang a
n
ch co the la mot trong cac dang sau: a
n
= 7k +
1 hoac a
n
= 7k 1

(vi k
N)
Bai 11: (S GD Lam ong, 2005) Cho k = a
1
+ a
2
+ a
3
+ + a
100
va
k 2 2
2k 1
a
(k k)
+
+
. Tnh k?
Nhan xet: Dang bai nay thc chat la bai thi hoc sinh gioi toan,
no nang cao y ngha cua muc ch a may tnh vao trng pho
thong, phu hp vi noi dung toan SGK oi mi. Nh may tnh bo tui
giup cho ta dan dat ti nhng giai thuyet, nhng quy luat toan hoc,
nhng nghien cu toan hoc nghiem tuc.
Trong cac ky thi tnh dang bai nay chiem khoang 20% -
40%, cac ky thi khu vc khoang 40% - 60% so iem bai thi. Co the noi
dang toan nay quyet nh cac th sinh tham d ky thi co at c giai
hay khong. Nh vay, yeu cau at ra la phai gioi toan trc, roi mi
gioi tnh.
Hien nay, a so th sinh co mat trong oi tuyen, cung nh
phu huynh nhan nh cha chnh xac quan iem ve mon thi nay, thng
anh gia thap hn mon toan (tham ch coi mon thi nay la mot mon
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 29 --
To: Toan tin
hoc khong chnh thc, ch mang tnh chat hnh thc th cho biet)
nhng thc te hau het cac th sinh at giai la cac th sinh hoan thanh
c cac bai tap dang nay. Trong khi xu hng cua toan hoc hien ai
la ket hp hu c gia suy luan toan hoc va may tnh ien t (vi
tnh), ngay ca trong chng trnh hoc chnh khoa, SGK luon co bai tap ve
s dung may tnh ien t.
IX. Dang 9 : TM NGHIEM GAN UNG CUA
PHNG TRNH
Trong rat nhieu trng hp e giai mot phng trnh ta ch co the tm
nghiem gan ung cua no (nghiem thng la nhng so thap phan
vo han), cac phng trnh ng dung trong cuoc song thc te phan ln
thuoc dang phng trnh nay, cac phng trnh co nghiem nguyen ch
la hu han ma thoi.
Phng phap lap: Gia s phng trnh a thc f(x) = 0 co nghiem
trong ( ) a,b
.
Ta bien oi f(x) thanh dang x = g(x) (1). Lay mot gia tr x
1
(u ln)
nao o tuy y trong khoang nghiem ( ) a,b
. Thay x
1
vao (1) ta c: x
2
=
g(x
1
) (2). Thay x
2
vao (2) ta c: x
3
= g(x
2
) (3), , c tiep tuc nh vay cho
en bc n + 1 ma sao cho cac gia tr lien tiep = x
n-1
= x
n
= x
n+1
th
gia tr x o la nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh f(x) = 0.
V du 1: Tm nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh:x
16
+ x 8 = 0.
-- Giai --
Ta co: x
16
+ x 8 = 0 <=> x =
16
8 x . Chon x
1
= 2.
Dung phep lap: x =
16
8 x
An cac phm: 2
x
16SHIFT ( 8 Ans ) ...
Ket qua: 1,128022103
V du 2: Tm nghiem gan ung
x x 1
-- Giai --
Ta co: x = 1 +
x
. Chon x
1
= 2.
Dung phep lap: x = 1 +
x
An cac phm: 2
Ans 1 ... +
Ket qua: 2,618033989
Nhan xet: Phng phap lap e tm nghiem gan ung cua
phng trnh, xet ve cach lam tng oi n gian, ch can thay nhng
v tr co x trong g(x) bang bien nh Ans, sau khi an phm gia tr ke
tiep theo lai c thay the vao g(x). Nhng ay la dang toan ma hay b
sai ap so nhat, ly do la cach bien oi e nhan c bieu thc x =
g(x) khong hp ly, bieu thc g(x) cang phc tap th sai so cang ln
dan en nhng ap so khong chnh xac, co trng hp do chon bieu
thc x = g(x) khi thc hien phep lap lam tran bo nh may tnh hoac
qua tai.
V du: v du 1 neu bien oi x = 8 x
16
, cho x = 2 la gia tr
ban au th sau ba lan thc hien phep lap may tnh se bao loi Math
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 30 --
To: Toan tin
ERROR. v du 2, neu bien oi ( )
2
x x 1 va chon x = 2 la gia tr ban
au th co hai nghiem 0 va 1 nhng eu la so nguyen, con neu chon
x = 15 th sau mot so lan lap may bao loi Math ERROR. Nhng x = 1 +
x
th x ban au ln bao nhieu may van cho nghiem la 2,618033989 sau
mot so lan lap va hien nhien khong the chon x ban au la am
c.
Nh vay khi dung phep lap e tm mot nghiem gan ung
cua x = g(x), viec hoi tu cua day { } ( )
n n 1
x g x

(cac gia tr x
1
> x
2
> >
x
n-1
= x
n
= x
n+1
)tuy thuoc vao ieu kien hoi tu cua ham x = g(x) va
gia tr ban au x
1
tren oan [ ]
a,b
cha nghiem co thoa man th mi
co ket qua. Mot phng trnh a thc co the tm c nhieu nghiem
gan ung, do o khi lam bai can ghi ro la dung phep lap nao va
can than bien oi cac ham x = g(x) cho phu hp.
Bai tap tong hp (Xem trong cac e thi chng sau)
X. Dang 10 : THONG KE MOT BIEN
ay la mot dang toan c ban c noi en rat nhieu trong
cach sach tham khao. Yeu cau cac thanh vien trong oi tuyen t
nghien cu ve phng phap giai dang toan nay va cac van e co
lien quan en bo nh may tnh khi giai dang toan nay.
V du: Mot van ong vien ban sung, co so iem moi lan ban va
so lan ban theo bang sau:
iem
so
10 9 8 7 6
So lan
ban
25 42 14 15 4
Hay tnh
2
n n
x; x; n; ;
?
MODE MODE 2
10 SHIFT ; 25 DT
9 SHIFT ; 42 DT
6 SHIFT ; 4 DT
oc cac so lieu
SHIFT S.VAR1 (
x
= 8,69)
AC SHIFT S.SUM 2 (
x 869
)
AC SHIFT S.SUM 3 ( n 100 )
AC SHIFT S.VAR 2 (
n
1,12
)
SHIFT S.VAR1 (
2
n
1,25 )
Chu y: - Trc khi nhap mot bai toan thong ke khac nen xoa d
lieu cu trong may.
- Neu so lieu cho cha c lap di dang bang tan so can lap
bang tan so mi giai.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 31 --
To: Toan tin
- Khong e may nhan nhng so lieu khong ro rang t so
nh, thong ke hai bien, hoi quy.
XI. Dang 11 : LAI KEP NIEN KHOAN
Bai toan m au: Gi vao ngan hang so tien la a ong,
vi lai suat hang thang la r% trong n thang. Tnh ca von lan lai A sau
n thang?
-- Giai --
Goi A la tien von lan lai sau n thang ta co:
Thang 1 (n = 1): A = a + ar = a(1 + r)
Thang 2 (n = 2): A = a(1 + r) + a(1 + r)r = a(1 + r)
2
Thang n (n = n): A = a(1 + r)

n 1
+ a(1 + r)
n 1
.r = a(1 + r)
n
Vay A = a(1 + r)
n
(*)
Trong o: a tien von ban au, r lai suat (%) hang thang, n so
thang, A tien von lan lai sau n thang.
T cong thc (*) A = a(1 + a)
n
ta tnh c cac ai lng khac nh sau:
1)
A
ln
a
n
ln(1 r)
+
; 2)
n
A
r 1
a
; 3)
n
a(1 r) (1 r) 1
A
r
1 + +
]
; 4)
n
Ar
a
(1 r) (1 r) 1
1 + +
]
(ln trong cong thc 1 la Logarit Nepe, tren may fx-500 MS va fx-570 MS
phm ln an trc tiep)
V du 1: Mot so tien 58.000.000 gi tiet kiem theo lai suat 0,7%
thang. Tnh ca von lan lai sau 8 thang?
-- Giai --
Ta co: A = 58000000(1 + 0,7%)
8
58000000(1 . 007) ^8 + Ket qua: 61 328 699, 87
V du 2: Mot ngi co 58 000 000 muon gi vao ngan hang e c
70 021 000. Hoi phai gi tiet kiem bao lau vi lai suat la 0,7%
thang?
-- Giai --
So thang toi thieu phai gi la:
( )
70021000
ln
58000000
n
ln 1 0,7%
+
b/ c
ln70021000a 58000000 ln (1 . 007) +
Ket qua: 27,0015 thang
Vay toi thieu phai gi la 27 thang.
(Chu y: Neu khong cho phep lam tron, th ng vi ket qua tren so
thang toi thieu la 28 thang)
V du 3: So tien 58 000 000 gi tiet kiem trong 8 thang th lanh ve
c 61 329 000. Tm lai suat hang thang?
-- Giai --
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 32 --
To: Toan tin
Lai suat hang thang:
8
61329000
r 1
58000000

b/ c x
8^ 61329000a 58000000 1 SHIFT %
Ket qua: 0,7%
V du 4: Moi thang gi tiet kiem 580 000 vi lai suat 0,7% thang.
Hoi sau 10 thang th lanh ve ca von lan lai la bao nhieu?
--Giai--
So tien lanh ca goc lan lai:
( )
10 10
580000.1,007. 1,007 1 580000(1 0,007) (1 0,007) 1
A
0,007 0,007
1 + +
]

580000 1. 007(1. 007^10 1) . 007
Ket qua: 6028055,598
V du 5: Muon co 100 000 000 sau 10 thang th phai gi quy tiet kiem
la bao nhieu moi thang. Vi lai suat gi la 0,6%?
-- Giai --
So tien gi hang thang:
( ) ( )
( )
10 10
100000000.0,006 100000000.0,006
a
1,006 1,006 1
1 0,006 1 0,006 1

1
+ +
]
100000000 1. 006 (1. 006(1. 006^10 1) ) Ket qua:
9674911,478
Nhan xet: Can phan biet ro cach gi tien tiet kiem:
+ Gi so tien a mot lan -----> lay ca von lan lai A.
+ Gi hang thang so tien a -----> lay ca von lan lai
A.
Can phan tch cac bai toan mot cach hp ly e c
cac khoang tnh ung an.
Co the suy luan e tm ra cac cong thc t 1) -> 4) tng
t nh bai toan m au
Cac bai toan ve dan so cung co the ap dung cac
cong thc tren ay.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 33 --
To: Toan tin
CHNG II: MOT SO E THI HOC
SINH GIOI
GIAI TOAN TREN MAY TNH IEN T
CASIO
Qui nh: Yeu cau cac em trong oi tuyen cua trng THCS ong
Nai Cat Tien ch s dung may Casio fx-500 MS, Casio fx-570 MS e
giai.
Neu khong qui nh g them th cac ket qua trong cac e
thi phai viet u 10 ch so hien tren man hnh may tnh.
Trnh bay bai giai theo cac bc sau:
- Li giai van tat
- Thay so vao cong thc (neu co)
- Viet qui trnh an phm
- Ket qua
Nhan xet: - Qua chng Cac dang toan thi hoc sinh gioi giai
toan tren may tnh ien t Casio ta rut ra cac nhan xet nh sau:
1. May tnh ien t giup cung co cac kien thc c ban
va tang nhanh toc o lam toan.
2. May tnh ien t giup lien ket kien thc toan hoc vi
thc te.
3. May tnh ien t giup m rong cac kien thc toan
hoc.
- Qua cac e thi tnh, thi khu vc cua cac nam, ac biet t nam 2001
en nay (thang 05/2005), e thi the hien ro net cac nhan xet tren
ay. Co the nhn thay e thi t nam 2001 en nay c soan theo cac
nh hng sau ay:
1. Bai thi hoc sinh gioi Giai toan tren may tnh ien t
phai la mot bai thi hoc sinh gioi toan co s tr giup cua
may tnh e th nghiem tm ra cac quy luat toan hoc hoac
tang toc o tnh toan.
2. ang sau nhng bai toan an tang nhng nh ly,
tham ch mot ly thuyet toan hoc (so hoc, day truy hoi, phng
trnh sai phan, .).
3. Phat huy vai tro tch cc cua toan hoc va cua may tnh
trong giai cac bai toan thc te.
e 1:
(Thi chon oi tuyen thi vong huyen trng THCS ong Nai Cat Tien
nam 2004)
Bai 1:
1.1. Thc hien phep tnh (ket qua viet di dang hon so)
A = 5322,666744 : 5,333332 + 17443,478 : 0,993
1.2. Tnh gia tr bieu thc (lam tron vi 5 ch so thap phan)
+
+ + + + +
_
+
+

,
+
3 5 3
3 4 5 6 7
2
2 5
1
8,9543 981,635 : 4
7
113
: 3 4 5 6 7
815
1
6
589,43111 3,5:1 : 3,9814
7
173
9
513
B
1.3. Rut gon bieu thc (ket qua viet di dang phan so)
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 34 --
To: Toan tin
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
(1 4)(5 4)(9 4)(13 4)(17 4)(21 4)(25 4)
(3 4)(7 4)(11 4)(15 4)(19 4)(23 4)(27 4)
C
1.4. Cho cotg = 0,06993 (0
0
< < 90
0
). Tnh:
+ +
+ +
4 5 7 3
3 3 5
tg (1 cos ) cotg (1 tg )
(sin tg )(1 3sin )
D
1.5. Tnh:
+
h ph gi h ph gi h ph gi
(8 47 57 7 8 51 ).3 5 7
18 47 32 :2 5 9 4 7 27
E
Bai 2:
2.1. Cho a thc P(x) = 5x
7
+ 8x
6
7,589x
4
+ 3,58x
3
+ 65x + m.
b. Vi m va tm c, tm so d khi chia P(x) cho nh thc (x +
2,312)
so hang n v).
x -2,53 4,72149
1
5
34
3
6,15
+
5 7
6 7
P(x)
2.2. Giai he phng trnh sau:
+
'
2 2
x y 55,789
x
6,86
y
2.3. Tm goc hp bi truc Ox vi ng thang y = ax + b i qua
hai iem A(0;-4) va B(2;0)
Bai 3:
3.1. Cho ABC co ba canh a = 17,894 cm; b = 15,154 cm; c = 14,981 cm.
Ke ba ng phan giac trong cua ABC cat ba canh lan lt tai A
1
, B
1
,
C
1
.
Tnh phan dien tch c gii han bi ABC va A
1
B
1
C
1
?
3.2. Cho t giac loi ABCD noi tiep trong ng tron ban knh R, co cac
canh
a = 3,657 cm; b = 4,155 cm; c = 5,651 cm; d = 2,765 cm. Tnh phan dien tch
c gii han bi ng tron va t giac ABCD?
3.3. Cho bang so lieu sau. Hay tnh Tong so trng (
x
); so trng trung
bnh cua moi
con ga (
x
); phng sai (
2
x
) va o lech tieu chuan (
x
)?
So lng
trng
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
So ga me 6 10 14 25 28 20 14 12 9 7
3.4. Dan so tnh Lam ong trong 2 nam tang t 30 000 000 ngi len
en 30 048 288 ngi.
Tnh t le tang dan so hang nam cua tnh Lam ong trong 2 nam
o?
(Ket qua lam tron hai ch so thap phan)
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 35 --
To: Toan tin
3.5. Mot ngi hang thang gi vao ngan hang so tien la 1 000 000
vi lai suat 0,45% mot thang.
Hoi sau 2 nam ngi ay nhan c bao nhieu tien lai? (lam tron en
hang n v)
Bai 4:
4.1. Cho ABC vuong tai A, co AB = c, AC = b.
a. Tnh khoang cach d t chan ng phan giac trong cua goc
vuong
en moi canh goc vuong?
b. Vi b = 5,78914 cm; c = 8,911456 cm. Tnh khoang cach o?
4.2. Tm so t nhien a nho nhat ma a
2
bat au bi ch so 15 va ket
thuc bi 56?
Bai 5:
5.1. Cho day u
1
= 5; u
2
= 9; u
n +1
= 5u
n
+ 4u
n-1
(n2).
n
cua day?
b. Tm so hang u
14
cua day?
5.2. Cho so t nhien n (5050
n
8040) sao cho a
n
= 80788 7n + cung la so
t nhien.
a. a
n
phai nam trong khoang nao?
b. Chng minh rang a
n
ch co the la mot trong cac dang sau:
a
n
= 7k + 1 hoac a
n
= 7k 1

(vi k
N)
e 2:
(Thi th vong tnh trng THCS ong Nai nam 2004)
Bai 1:
1.1. Thc hien phep tnh
A = 6712,53211 : 5,3112 + 166143,478 : 8,993
1.2. Tnh gia tr bieu thc (lam tron vi 5 ch so thap phan)
+
+
_
+
+

,
+
3 7 3
2
9 5
1
8,9 91,526 : 4
6
113
5
1
6
635,4677 3,5: 5 : 3,9
7
183
11
513
B
1.3. Rut gon bieu thc (ket qua viet di dang phan so)
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
(1 6)(7 6)(13 6)(19 6)(25 6)(31 6)(37 6)
(3 6)(9 6)(15 6)(21 6)(27 6)(33 6)(39 6)
C
1.4. Cho cotg = 0,05849 (0
0
< < 90
0
). Tnh:
+ +
+ +
4 3 5 7 3 3
3 3 5
tg (sin cos ) cotg (sin tg )
(sin tg )(1 3sin )
D
1.5. Tnh:
+
h ph gi h ph gi
(8 45 23 12 56 23 ).3 5 7
16 47 32 :2 5 9
E
Bai 2:
2.1. Cho a thc P(x) = x
10
+ x
8
7,589x
4
+ 3,58x
3
+ 65x + m.
b. Vi m va tm c, tm so d khi chia P(x) cho nh thc (x -23,55)
so hang n v).
x -2,53 4,72149
1
5
34
3
6,15
+
5 7
6 7
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 36 --
To: Toan tin
P(x)
2.2. Giai he phng trnh sau:

'
2 2
x y 66,789
x
5,78
y
2.3. Tm goc hp bi truc Ox vi ng thang y = ax + b i qua
hai iem A(0;-8) va B(2;0)
Bai 3:
3.1. Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A co ng cao la AH . Cho biet
AB = 0,5 , BC = 1,3 . Tnh AC , AH , BH , CH gan ung vi 4 ch
so thap phan?
3.2. Cho tam giac ABC co AB = 1,05 ; BC = 2,08 ; AC = 2,33 .
a)Tnh o dai ng cao AH .
b)Tnh o dai trung tuyen AM.
c)Tnh so o goc C .
d) Tnh dien tch tam giac ABC .
3.3. Mot ngi hang thang gi vao ngan hang so tien la 10 000 000
vi lai suat 0,55% mot thang.
Hoi sau 2 nam ngi ay nhan c bao nhieu tien lai? (lam tron en
hang n v)
Bai 4:
4.1. Cho day u
1
= 3; u
2
= 11; u
n +1
= 8u
n
- 5u
n-1
(n2).
n
cua day?
b. Tm so hang u
1
en u
12
cua day?
4.2. Cho day u
1
= u
2
= 11; u
3
= 15; u
n+1 =
+ +
2
n n 1
n 1 n
5u u
3 u 2 u
vi n 3
n
cua day?
b. Tm so hang u8 cua day?
e 3:
(Thi vong huyen Phong GD T huyen Bao Lam nam 2004)
Bai 1 :
1.Tnh A=
123 581 521
3 2 4
52 7 28
+
2.Tnh
B=( 3+1) 6-2 2+ 12+ 18- 128
3.Tnh
3 2 4
1,6: 1 .1,25 1,08- :
2 5 25 7
C= + +0,6.0,5:
1 5 1 2 5
0,64- 5 -2 .2
25 9 4 17
_ _

, ,
_

,
4.Tnh
4
D=5+
4
6+
4
7+
4
8+
4
9+
10
5.Giai he phng trnh sau :

1, 372 4, 915 3,123
8, 368 5,124 7, 318
x y
x y

'
+
6.Cho
2 2 2 2 2 2
M=12 +25 +37 +54 +67 +89
2 2 2 2 2 2
N=21 +78 +34 +76 +23 +Z
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 37 --
To: Toan tin
Tm Z e 3M=2N
Bai 2 :
1.Tm h biet :
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1
= + +
h 3,218 5,673 4,815
2.Tnh
5 4 3
E=7x -12x +3x -5x-7,17 vi x= -7,1254
3.Cho x=2,1835 va y= -7,0216
Tnh
5 4 3 3 4
3 2 2 3
7x y-x y +3x y+10xy -9
F=
5x -8x y +y
4.Tm so d r cua phep chia :
5 4 2
x -6,723x +1,658x -9,134
x-3,281
5.Cho
7 6 5 4 3 2
P(x)=5x +2x -4x +9x -2x +x +10x-m
Tm m e P(x) chia het cho a thc x+2
Bai 3 :
1.Tnh P=
o o o
o o
sin25 12'28''+2cos45 -7tg27
cos36 +sin37 13'26''
2.Cho cosx = 0,81735 (goc x nhon). Tnh : sin3x va cos7x
3.Cho sina = 0,4578 (goc a nhon). Tnh: Q=
2 3
cos a-sin a
tga
4.Cho cotgx = 1,96567 (x la goc nhon). Tnh
2 3 2 3
3 3
tg x(1+cos x)+cotg x(1+sin x)
S=
(sin x+cos x)(1+sinx+cosx)
5.Cho
1 n+1 n
u =1,1234 ; u =1,0123.u (n N; n 1)
. Tnh
50
u
6.Cho
2
n
1 n+1 2
n
3u +13
u =5 ; u = (n N; n 1)
u +5

. Tnh
15
u
7.Cho u
0
=3 ; u
1
= 4 ; u
n
= 3u
n-1
+ 5u
n-2
(n2). Tnh u
12
Bai 4 :
1.Cho tam giac ABC vuong A vi AB=4,6892 cm ; BC=5,8516 cm. Tnh
goc ABC (bang n v o o), tnh o dai ng cao AH va phan giac
trong CI.
2.Cho ngoi sao 5 canh nh hnh ben.
Cac khoang cach gia hai nh khong lien tiep cua ngoi sao
AC=BD=CE= = 7,516 cm. Tm ban knh R cua ng tron i qua 5 nh
cua ngoi sao.
3.Cho tam giac ABC vuong can A. Tren ng cao AH, lay cac iem
D, E sao cho AE=HD=
1
4
AH. Cac ng thang BE va BD lan lt cat canh
AC F va G. Biet BC=7,8931 cm.
a. Tnh dien tch tam giac ABE
b. Tnh dien tch t giac EFGD
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 38 --
To: Toan tin
e 4:
(Thi chon oi tuyen thi khu vc Tnh Lam ong nam 2004)
Bai 1: Thc hien phep tnh:
1.1. Tnh 4x
6
+ 3x
4
2x
3
+7x
2
+ 6x 11 vi x = -3,1226
1.2. Tnh 4x
6
+ 3x
4
2x
3
+7x
2
+ 6x 11 vi x =
2
3
5
1
3
+
+
1.3. Tnh
2 2 2
2 2 2
x y z 2xy
x z y 2xz
+ +
+ +
vi x=
3
4
; y= 1,5; z = 13,4.
1.4. Cho cotg = 0,05849 (0
0
< < 90
0
). Tnh:
2 3 6 8
3 3
tg (sin cos ) cotg
sin tg
+ +
+
D
1.5.
+
h ph gi h ph gi
(8 45 23 12 56 23 ).3 5 7
16 47 32 :2 5 9
E
1.6. Tnh (1,23456789)
4
+ (0,76543211)
4
(1,123456789)
3
.(0,76543211)
2

- (1,23456789)
2
. (0,76543211)
3
+ 16. (1,123456789).(0,76543211)
1.7. Tnh tong cac so cua (999 995)
2
1.8. Tnh tong cua 12 ch so thap phan au tien sau dau phay cua
12
1
11
_

,
1.9. Tnh
6 6 6
1 999999999 0,999999999
999999999
+ +
1.10. Tm m e P(x) chia het cho (x -13) biet P(x) = 4x
5
+ 12x
4
+ 3x
3
+ 2x
2

5x m + 7
Bai 2:
1. Tnh
2 2
I 1 999999999 0,999999999 + +
2. Cho P(x) = ax
5
+ bx
4
+ cx
3
+ dx
2
+ ex + f biet P(1) = P(-1) = 11; P(2) = P(-2)
= 47; P(3) = 107.
Tnh P(12)?
Bai 3:
1. Cho k = a
1
+ a
2
+ a
3
+ + a
100
va
k 2 2
2k 1
a
(k k)
+
+
. Tnh k=?
2. Cho tam giac ABC vi 3 canh BC = 5,1123; AB = 3,2573; AC = 4,7428. Tnh
ng phan giac trong AD?
3. Tia phan giac chia canh huyen thanh hai oan
135
7
va
222
7
. Tnh hai
canh goc vuong?
Bai 4:
1. Tnh H = (3x
3
+ 8x
2
+ 2)
12
vi
( )
3
17 5 38
x . 5 2
5 14 6 5
+
+
2. Cho tam giac ABC vi 3 canh BC = 14; AB = 13; AC = 15. Goi D, E, F la
trung iem cua BC, AC, AB va { } { } { } Q BE FD; R DF FC; P AD EF.
Tnh:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
AQ AR BP BR CP CQ
m
AB BC AC
+ + + + +
+ +
3. Cho hnh thang vuong ABCD, ng cao AB. Cho goc BDC = 90
0
;Tm AB,
CD, AC vi AD=3,9672; BC=5,2896.
4. Cho u
1
= u
2
= 7; u
n+1
= u
1
2
+ u
n-1
2
. Tnh u
7
=?
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 39 --
To: Toan tin
e 5:
(Thi chon oi tuyen TP Ho Ch Minh - 2003)
Bi 1) Tm s nh nht c 10 ch s bit rng s khi chia cho 5 d 3 v khi chia cho 619 d 237
Bi 2) Tm ch s hng n v ca s : 17
2002
Bi 3) Tnh : a) 214365789 . 897654 (ghi kt qu dng s t nhin)
b) (ghi kt qu dng hn s )
c) 5322,666744 : 5,333332 + 17443,478 : 17,3913 (ghi kt qu dng hn s )
Bi 4) Tm gi tr ca m bit gi tr ca a thc f(x) = x
4
- 2x
3
+ 5x
2
+(m - 3)x + 2m- 5 ti x = - 2,5 l 0,49.
Bi 5) Ch s thp phn th 456456 sau du phy trong php chia 13 cho 23 l :
Bi 6)Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s f(x) = -1,2x
2
+ 4,9x - 5,37 (ghi kt qu gn ng chnh xc ti 6 ch s thp
phn)
Bi 7) Cho u1 = 17, u2 = 29 v un+2 = 3un+1 + 2un (n 1). Tnh u15
Bi 8) Cho ng gic u ABCDE c di cnh bng 1.Gi I l giao im ca 2 ng cho AD v BE. Tnh :
(chnh xc n 4 ch s thp phn)
a) di ng cho AD
b) Din tch ca ng gic ABCDE :
c) di on IB :
d) di on IC :
Bi 9) Tm UCLN v BCNN ca 2 s 2419580247 v 3802197531
e 6:
( thi chnh thc nm 2002 cho hc sinh Trung hc C s)
Bi 1. Tnh gi tr ca x t cc phng trnh sau:
Cu 1.1.
Cu 1.2.
Bi 2. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc v vit kt qu di dng phn s hoc hn s:
Cu 2.1
Cu 2.2.
.
Bi 3.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 40 --
To: Toan tin
Cu 3.1. Cho bit sin = 0,3456 ( ). Tnh:
.
Cu 3.2. Cho bit cos
2
= 0,5678 ( ). Tnh:
.
Cu 3.3. Cho bit ( ). Tnh:
.
Bi 4. Cho hai a thc: v .
Cu 4.1. Tm gi tr ca m, n cc a thc P(x) v Q(x) chia ht cho (x-2).
Cu 4.2. Xt a thc R(x) = P(x) - Q(x) vi gi tr ca m, n va tm c, hy chng t rng a
thc R(x)ch c mt nghim duy nht.
Bi 5. Cho dy s xc nh bi cng thc , n l s t nhin, n >= 1.
Cu 5.1. Bit x
1
= 0,25. Vit qui trnh n phm lin tc tnh c cc gi tr ca x
n
.
Cu 5.2. Tnh x
100
Bi 6
Cu 6.1. Cho bit ti mt thi im gc no , dn s ca mt quc gia B l a ngi ; t l tng
dn s trung bnh mi nm ca quc gia l m%.
Hy xy dng cng thc tnh s dn ca quc gia B n ht nm th n.
Cu 6.2. Dn s nc ta tnh n nm 2001 l 76,3 triu ngi. Hi n nm 2010 dn s nc
ta l bao nhiu nu t l tng dn s trung bnh mi nm l 1,2%?
Cu 6.3. n nm 2020, mun cho dn s nc ta c khong 100 triu ngi th t l tng dn
s trung bnh mi nm l bao nhiu?
Bi 7. Cho hnh thang vung ABCD c:
AB = 12,35 cm, BC =10,55cm, (Hnh 1).
Cu 7.1. Tnh chu vi ca hnh thang ABCD.
Cu 7.2. Tnh din tch ca hnh thang ABCD.
Cu 7.3.Tnh cc gc cn li ca tam gic ADC.
Bi 8. Tam gic ABC c gc B = 120
0
, AB = 6,25 cm,
BC = 12,50 cm. ng phn gic c a gc B c t
AC t i D ( Hnh 2).
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 41 --
To: Toan tin
Cu 8.1. Tnh di ca on thng BD.
Cu 8.2. Tnh t s din tch ca cc tam gic ABD v ABC.
Cu 8.3. Tnh din tch tam gic ABD.
Bi 9. Cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Qua nh B, v ng vung gc vi ng cho AC ti H.
Gi E, F, G th t l trung im ca cc on thng AH, BH, CD (xem hnh 3).
Cu 9.1. Chng minh t gic EFCG l hnh bnh hnh.
Cu 9.2. Gc BEG l gc nhn, gc vung hay gc t? v sao?
Cu 9.3. Cho bit BH = 17,25 cm, .
Tnh din tch hnh ch nht ABCD.
Cu 9.4. Tnh di ng cho AC.
Bi 10.
Cu 10.1. Cho a thc v cho bit
P(1)=1, P(2)=4, P(3)=9 , P(4)=16, P(5)=15. Tnh cc gi tr ca P(6), P(7), P(8), P(9).
Cu 10.2. Cho a thc v cho bit Q(1)=5, Q(2)=7, Q(3)=9,
Q(4)=11. Tnh cc gi tr Q(10) , Q(11) , Q(12) , Q(13).
e 7:
(Chon oi tuyen thi khu vc Tnh Phu Tho nam 2004)
Bai 1: Tm tat ca cac so N co dang N = 1235679x4y chia het cho 24.
Bai 2: Tm 9 cap hai so t nhien nho nhat co tong la boi cua 2004
va thng bang 5.
Bai 3: Giai phng trnh ( )
3 3 3
3
1 2 .... x 1 855
1
1 1
+ + +
] ] 1
]
Bai 4: Cho P(x) la a thc vi he so nguyen co gia tr P(21) = 17;
P(37) = 33, biet P(N) = N + 51.
Tnh N?
Bai 5: Tm cac so khi bnh phng se co tan cung la 3 ch so 4. Co
hay khong cac so khi bnh phng co tan cung la 4 ch so 4?
Bai 6: Co bao nhieu so t nhien la c N =
1890.1930.1945.1954.1969.1975.2004 nhng khong chia het cho 900?
Bai 7: Cho day so t nhien u
0
, u
1
, , co u
0
= 1 va u
n+1
.u
n-1
= ku
n
.k la so
t nhien.
7.1. Lap mot quy trnh tnh u
n+1
.
7.2. Cho k = 100, u
1
= 200. Tnh u
1
, , u
10
.
7.3. Biet u
2000
= 2000. Tnh u
1
va k?
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 42 --
To: Toan tin
Bai 8: Tm tat ca cac so co 6 ch so thoa man:
1. So tao thanh bi ba ch so cuoi ln hn so tao thanh bi ba
ch so au 1 n v.
2. La so chnh phng.
Bai 9: Vi moi so nguyen dng c, day so u
n
c xac nh nh sau: u
1
= 1; u
2
= c;
2
n n-1 n-2
u =(2n+1)u -(n -1)u , n2. Tm c e u
i
chia het cho u
j
vi moi i j
10.
Bai 10: Gia s f : N ---> N. Gia s rang f(n+1) > f(n) va f(f(n)) = 3n vi
moi n nguyen dng. Hay xac nh f(2004).
e 8:
(e thi chnh thc thi khu vc lan th t nam 2004)
Bai 1: Tnh ket qua ung cua cac tch sau:
1.1. M = 2222255555.2222266666
1.2. N = 20032003.20042004
Bai 2: Tm gia tr cua x, y di dang phan so (hoac hon so) t cac
phng trnh sau:
x x
2.1. 4
1 1
1 4
1 1
2 3
1 1
3 2
4 2
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
y y
2.2. 1
1 1
1 2
1 1
3 4
5 6
+
+ +
+ +

Bai 3:
3.1. Giai phng trnh (vi a > 0, b > 0):
a b 1 x 1 a b 1 x + +
3.2. Tm x biet a = 250204; b = 260204.
Bai 4: Dan so xa Hau Lac hien nay la 10000 ngi. Ngi ta d oan
sau 2 nam na dan so xa Hau Lac la 10404 ngi.
4.1. Hoi trung bnh moi nam dan so xa Hau Lac tang bao nhieu
phan tram.
4.2. Vi t le tang dan so nh vay, hoi sau 10 nam dan so xa
Hau Lac la bao nhieu?
Bai 5: Cho AD va BC cung vuong goc vi AB,

AED BCE
, AD = 10cm, AE
= 15cm, BE = 12cm. Tnh:
5.1. Tnh dien tch t giac ABCD (S
ABCD
) va dien tch tam giac DEC
(S
DEC
).
5.2. Tnh t so phan tram S
DEC
va S
ABCD
.
Bai 6: Hnh thang ABCD (AB // CD) co ng cheo BD hp vi BC mot
goc bang
DAB
. Biet AB = a = 12,5cm; DC = b = 28,5cm. Tnh:
6.1. o dai ng cheo BD.
6.2. T so phan tram gia dien tch tam giac ABD va dien tch
tam giac BDC.
Bai 7: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A vi AB = a = 14,25cm; AC = b =
23,5cm; AM, AD th t la cac ng trung tuyen va ng phan giac
cua tam giac ABC. Tnh:
7.1. o dai cac oan thang BD va CD.
7.2. Dien tch tam giac ADM.
Bai 8: Cho a thc P(x) = x
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d. Biet P(1) = -15; P(2) = -15; P(3)
= -9. Tnh:
8.1. Cac he so b, c, d cua a thc P(x).
8.2. Tm so d r
1
khi chia P(x) cho x 4.
8.3. Tm so d r
2
khi chia P(x) cho 2x + 3.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 43 --
To: Toan tin
Bai 9: Cho day so
( ) ( )
n n
n
5 7 5 7
u
2 7
+
vi n = 0, 1, 2, 3,
9.1. Tnh u
0
, u
1
, u
2
, u
3
, u
4
.
9.2. Chng minh rang u
n+2
= 10u
n+1
18u
n
.
9.3. Lap quy trnh an phm lien tuc tnh u
n+2
.
Bai 10: Cho day so
n n
n
3 5 3 5
u 2
2 2
_ _
+
+

, ,
, vi n = 0, 1, 2, .
10.1. Tnh u
0
, u
1
, u
2
, u
3
, u
4
.
10.2. Lap cong thc tnh u
n+1
10.3. Lap quy trnh an phm lien tuc tnh u
n+1
.
e 9:
(e d b thi khu vc lan th t nam 2004)
Bai 1: Giai phng trnh
( ) ( )
x 71267162 52408 x 26022004 x 821431213 56406 x 26022004 1 + + + + +
Bai 2: Mot ngi gi tiet kiem 1000 ola trong 10 nam vi lai suat
5% nam. Hoi ngi o nhan c so tien nhieu hn (hay t hn) bao
nhieu neu ngan hang tra lai suat
5
12
% thang (lam tron en hai ch
so sau dau phay).
Bai 3: K hieu
n
q(n)
n
1
1
1 1
] ]
vi n = 1, 2, 3, trong o [ ]
x
la phan nguyen
cua x. Tm tat ca cac so nguyen dng n sao cho q(n) > q(n + 1).
Bai 4:
4.1. Lap mot qui trnh tnh so Phibonacci u
0
= 1; u
1
= 1; u
n+1
= u
n
+
u
n+1
.
4.2. T mot hnh ch nhat 324cm x 141cm cat nhng hnh vuong
co canh la 141cm cho ti khi con hnh ch nhat co canh la 141cm va
mot canh ngan hn. Sau o lai cat t hnh ch nhat con lai nhng
hnh vuong co canh bang canh nho cua hnh ch nhat o. Tiep tuc
qua trnh cho ti khi khong cat c na. Hoi co bao nhieu loai hnh
vuong kch thc khac nhau va o dai canh cac hnh vuong ay.
4.3. Vi moi so t nhien n, hay tm hai so t nhien a va b e khi
cat hnh ch nhat a x b nh tren ta c ung n hnh vuong kch thc
khac nhau.
Bai 5: ien cac so t 1 en 12 len mat ong ho sao cho bat k ba
so a, b, c nao ba v tr ke nhau (b nam gia a va c) eu thoa man
tnh chat: b
2
ac chia het cho 13.
Bai 6: Day so u
n
c xac nh nh sau: u
0
= 1; u
1
= 1; u
n+1
= 2u
n
u
n-1
+ 2
vi n = 1, 2, 3, .
6.1. Lap mot qui trnh tnh u
n
.
6.2. Vi moi n 1 hay tm ch so k e tnh u
k
= u
n
.u
n+1
.
Bai 7: Tm tat ca cac cap so nguyen dng (m,n) co bon ch so
thoa man:
7.1. Hai ch so cua m cung la hai ch so cua n cac v tr
tng ng. Hai ch so con lai cua m nho hn hai ch so tng ng
cua n ung 1 n v.
7.2. m va n eu la so chnh phng.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 44 --
To: Toan tin
Bai 8: Day so { }
n
u
c tao theo qui tac sau: moi so sau bang tch hai
so trc cong vi 1, bat au t u
0
= u
1
= 1.
8.1. Lap mot qui trnh tnh u
n
8.2. Co hay khong nhng so hang cua day { }
n
u
chia het cho 4?
Bai 9: Tm nghiem nguyen cua phng trnh x y 1960 + .
Bai 10: Mot so co 6 ch so c goi la so vuong (squarish) neu no
thoa man ba tnh chat sau:
1. Khong cha ch so 0;
2. La so chnh phng;
3. Hai ch so au, hai ch so gia va hai ch so cuoi eu la
nhng so chnh phng co hai ch so .
Hoi co bao nhieu so vuong? Tm cac so ay.
e 10:
(e chnh thc Hai Phong nam 2003)
Bai 1: Biet
20032004 1
a
2
243
b
1
c
1
d
e
+
+
+
+
. Tm cac ch so a, b, c, d, e?
Bai 2: Tnh o dai cac canh a, b, c va ban knh r cua ng tron noi
tiep tam giac a, b, c lan lt t le vi 20, 21, 29 va chu vi tam giac
bang 49,49494949(m).
Bai 3: Cho tam giac ABC (AB < AC) co ng cao AH, trung tuyen AM chia
goc BAC thanh ba goc bang nhau.
a. Xac nh cac goc cua tam giac ABC.
b. Biet o dai BC 54,45 cm, AD la phan giac trong cua tam giac
ABC. K hieu S
0
va S la dien tch hai tam giac ADM va ABC. Tnh S
0
va t
so phan tram gia S
0
va S?
Bai 4: a. Cho
1
sinx
5
,
1
siny
10
. Tnh A = x + y?
b. Cho
tg 0,17632698
. Tnh
1 3
B
sinx cosx
?
Bai 5: Cho
0
2 3 2 3
x
2 2 3 2 2 3
+
+
+ +
a. Tnh gia tr gan ung cua x
0
?
b. Tnh x = x
0
-
2
va cho nhan xet>
c. Biet x
0
la nghiem cua phng trnh x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx 10 = 0. Tm a,b
Q?
d. Vi a, b va tm c, hay tm cac nghiem con lai cua phng
trnh cau c?
Bai 6: Cho
( ) ( )
n n
n
1 5 1 5
u
2 5
+
.
a. Tm u
1
, u
2
, u
3
, u
4
, u
5
.
b. Tm cong thc truy hoi tnh u
n+2
theo u
n+1
va u
n
?
c. Viet mot qui trnh bam phm lien tuc tnh u
n
?
Bai 7: Cho a thc P(x) = x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx + c. Biet P(1) = -25; P(2) = -21; P(-3)
= -41.
a. Tm cac he so cua a, b, c cua a thc P(x).
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 45 --
To: Toan tin
b. Tm so d r
1
khi chia P(x) cho x + 4.
c. Tm so d r
2
khi chia P(x) cho 5x + 7.
d. Tm so d r
3
khi chia P(x) cho (x + 4)(5x + 7)
Bai 8: Cho hnh thang ABCD co canh ay nho la AB. o dai canh ay
ln CD, ng cheo BD, canh ben AD cung bang nhau va bang p. Canh
ben BC co o dai q.
a. Viet cong thc tnh AC qua p va q.
b. Biet p
3,13cm, q
3,62cm. Tnh AC, AB va ng cao h cua hnh

thang.
e 11:
(e d b Hai Phong nam 2003)
Bai 1: Cho
( )
3
17 5 38 5 2
x
5 14 6 5
+
+
.
a. Tm x
b. Tnh A = (3x
8
+ 8x
2
+ 2)
25
.
c. A viet di dang thap phan co bao nhieu ch so?
d. Tong cac ch so cua A va tm c la bao nhieu?
Bai 2: Co 480 hoc sinh i d trai he tai ba a iem khac nhau. 10% so
hoc sinh a iem mot, 8,5% so hoc sinh a iem hai va 15% so
hoc sinh a iem ba i tham quan a danh lch s. a danh lch s
cach a iem mot 60km, cach a iem hai 40km, cach a iem ba
30km. e tra u tien xa vi gia 100/1ngi/1km, moi ngi i tham
quan phai ong 4000. Hoi co bao nhieu ngi moi a iem i
tham quan di tch lch s.
Bai 3: Cho tam giac ABC co ng cao BD = 6cm, o dai trung tuyen CE
= 5cm. Khoang cach t giao iem BD vi CE en AC bang 1cm. Tm o
dai canh AB?
Bai 4: Hnh thang ABCD (AB//CD) co AB 2,511cm; CD 5,112cm;
C
29
0
15';
D
60
0
45'. Tnh:
a. Canh ben AD, BC.
b. ng cao h cua hnh thang.
c. ng cheo AC, BD.
Bai 5: Hai hnh ch nhat cat nhau:
a. K hieu S
1
= k
2
la dien tch t giac ANCQ; S
2
la dien tch t giac
BPDM. Tnh t so
1
2
S
S
b. Biet AB = 5cm; BC = 7cm; MQ = 3cm; MN = 9cm. Tnh k?
B
N
Q
P
D C
M
A
Bai 6: Ngi ta phai lam mot v keo bang sat. Biet AB 4,5cm;
CD 1
BD 3
; AM = MD = DN = NB. Viet cong thc va tnh o dai sat lam v keo

biet hao ph khi san xuat la 5% (lam tron en met).
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 46 --
To: Toan tin
Q P
D
A B
C
M N
Bai 7:
1. Cho
1
B
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + +
a. Tnh gan ung B
b. Tnh B
2
2. a. Tnh
( )
2
2,0000004
C
1,0000004 2,0000004
+
;
( )
2
2,0000002
D
1,0000002 2,0000002
+
.
b. Tnh
C D
Bai 8: a. Tm cac so t nhien x, y, z sao cho 3xyz 5yz + 3x + 3z = 5.
b. Viet qui trnh bam phm tnh toan tren.
Bai 9: Biet phng trnh x
4
18x
3
+ kx
2
500x 2004 = 0 co tch hai
nghiem bang -12. Hay tm k?
e 12:
(e hoc sinh gioi THCS tnh Thai Nguyen nam 2003)
Bai 1: a. Viet quy trnh tnh
3 1
A 17
12 5
1 23
1 1
1 3
12 1
17 7
2003 2003
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
b. Tnh gia tr cua A
Bai 2: Tm x biet:
13 2 5 7
: 2,5 .
15,2.0,25 48,51:14,7 14 11 66 5
11 x
3,2 0,8. 3,25
2
_

_
+

,
Bai 3: Tnh A, B biet:
0 0
0 '' '
sin34 36' tan18 43'
A
cos7812 cos1317''
+
;
0 0
0 0
tan4 26'36'' tan77 41'
B
cos6712' sin23 28'
Bai 4: Cho day so xac nh bi cong thc

3
n
n 1
x 1
x
3
+
+
a. Biet x
1
= 0,5. Lap mot qui trnh bam phm lien tuc e tnh x
n
.
b. Tnh x
12
, x
51
.
Bai 5: Tm UCLN cua:
a. 100712 va 68954.
b. 191 va 473
Bai 6: Mot tam giac co ba canh vi o dai la 30,735cm; 40,980cm;
51,225cm. Tnh dien tch tam giac o.
Bai 7: Cho P(x) = x
4
+ ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d co P(1) = 0; P(2) = 4; P(3) = 18; P(4)
= 48. Tnh P(2002)
Bai 8: Khi chia a thc P(x) = 2x
4
+ 8x
3
7x
2
+ 8x 12 cho a thc (x - 2) ta
c thng la a thc Q(x) co bac la 3. Hay tm he so cua x
2
trong
Q(x).
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 47 --
To: Toan tin
Bai 9: Viet qui trnh bam phm tm thng va so d trong phep chia
123456789 cho 23456. Tm gia tr cua thng va so d.
Bai 10: Tm tat ca cac c so cua 2005.
e 13:
(e chon oi tuyen thi khu vc tnh Thai Nguyen nam 2003)
Bai 1: Tnh
2 2 2
A
0,19981998... 0,019981998... 0,0019981998...
+ +
Bai 2: Tm tat ca cac c nguyen to cua so tm c bai 1.
Bai 3: Phan nguyen cua x (la so nguyen ln nhat khong vt qua x)
c k hieu la [ ]
x
. Tm [ ]
B
biet:
2
2 2 2
B
1 1 1
1 ...
2 3 10
+ + + +
Bai 4: Phng trnh sau ay c goi la phng trnh Fermat:
n n n
1 2 n 1 2 n
x x ...x x x ... x + + + . Phat bieu bang li: Tm cac so co n ch so sao
cho tong luy tha bac n cua cac ch so bang chnh so ay.
Trong cac so sau ay, so nao la nghiem cua phng trnh: 157; 301;
407; 1364; 92727; 93064; 948874; 174725; 4210818; 94500817; 472378975.
Bai 5: Mot ngi muon rang sau hai nam phai co 20 000 000 (hai
mi trieu ong) e mua xe may. Hoi phai gi vao ngan hang mot
khoan tien nh nhau hang thang la bao nhieu, biet rang lai suat tiet
kiem la 0,075% thang.
Bai 6: Tm tat ca cac nghiem cua phng trnh x
4
4x
3
19x
2
+ 106x
120 = 0.
Bai 7: Cho hnh ch nhat ABCD. Qua B ke ng vuong goc vi ng
cheo CA tai H. Biet BH = 1,2547cm;
0 ' ''
BAC 37 2850
. Tnh dien tch ABCD.
Bai 8: Cho tam giac ABC co
0
B 120
, BC = 12cm, AB = 6cm. Phan giac
trong cua
B
cat canh AC tai D. Tnh dien tch tam giac ABD.
Bai 9: So 2
11
1 la so nguyen to hay hp so?
Bai 10: Tm UCLN cua hai so 7729 va 11659.
e 14:
(e thi hoc sinh gioi THCS tnh Thai Nguyen nam 2004)
Bai 1: Tnh:
a. A = 1,123456789 5,02122003
b. B = 4,546879231 + 107,356417895
Bai 2: Viet cac so sau ay di dang phan so toi gian.
a. C = 3124,142248
b. D = 5,(321)
Bai 3: Gia s
( )
100
2
0 1 2 200
1 x x a ax a x ... a x + + + + + + . Tnh
0 1 200
E a a ... a + + +
?
Bai 4: Phai loai cac so nao trong tong
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 4 6 8 12 12 14 16
+ + + + + + + e
c ket qua bang 1.
Bai 5: Cho mot tam giac noi tiep trong ng tron. Cac nh cua tam
giac chia ng tron thanh ba cung co o dai 3, 4, 5. Tm dien tch tam
giac?
Bai 6: Tm so t nhien a ln nhat e khi chia cac so 13511; 13903;
14589 cho a ta c cung mot so d.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 48 --
To: Toan tin
Bai 7: Cho 4 so nguyen, neu cong ba so bat k ta c cac so la 180;
197; 208; 222. Tm so ln nhat trong cac so nguyen o?
e 15:
(e chon oi tuyen thi khu vc tnh Thai Nguyen nam 2004)
Bai 1: Tm ch so thap phan th 15 sau dau phay cua 2003.
Bai 2: Tm ch so thap phan th 2004 sau dau phay trong ket qua
cua phep chia 1 cho 53?
Bai 3: Tnh 2012003
2
.
Bai 4: Tm so hang nho nhat trong tat ca cac so hang cua day
n 2
2003
u n
n
+
Bai 5: Tnh 3
3 3
54
200 126 2
1 2
M
5 4
+ +
+
Bai 6: Cho ( )
0
sin 2x 1522'
vi 0
0
< x < 90
0
. Tnh ( ) sin2x cos5x tan7x : cos3x +
Bai 7: Cho tam giac ABC co AB = 3,14; BC = 4,25; CA = 4,67. Tnh dien tch
tam giac co nh la chan ba ng cao cua tam giac ABC.
e 16:
(Tap ch Toan hoc & tuoi tre nam 2005)
Bai 1: Tm UCLN va BCNN cua hai so A = 1234566 va B = 9876546.
Bai 2: Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc
( ) ( )
( )
2 3 2 2
2 2 4
x 3y 5z 4 2x y x 4 2y z 6
A
x x 5y 7 z 8
+ + + +
+ + +
tai
9 7
x ;y ;z 4
4 2

Bai 3: Tm cac so nguyen dng x va y sao cho x
2
+ y
2
= 2009 va x > y.
Bai 4: Tnh gan ung (o, phut, giay) goc A cua tam giac ABC biet
rang AB = 15cm, AC = 20cm va BC = 24cm.
Bai 5: Tnh gan ung dien tch tam giac ABC biet rang

1 1
A B C
2 4
va
AB = 18cm.
Bai 6: Tnh gan ung gia tr cua bieu thc M = a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
neu a + b
+ c = 3, ab = -2, b
2
+ c
2
= 1.
Bai 7: a thc P(x) = ax
4
+ bx
3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e co gia tr bang 5, 4, 3, 1, -2
lan lt tai x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Tnh gia tr cua a, b, c, d, e va tnh gan ung
cac nghiem cua a thc o.
Bai 8: Cho bon iem A, B, C, D, E tren ng tron tam O ban knh
bang 1dm sao cho AB la ng knh, OC AB va CE i qua trung iem cua
OB. Goi D la trung iem cua OA. Tnh dien tch cua tam giac CDE va tnh
gan ung goc
CDE
(o, phut, giay).
Bai 9: T giac ABCD noi tiep c trong mot ng tron va co cac
canh AB = 5dm, BC = 6dm, CD = 8dm, DA = 7dm. Tnh gan ung ban knh
ng tron noi tiep, ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep va goc ln
nhat (o, phut, giay) cua t giac o.
Bai 10: Day so { }
n
a
c xac nh nh sau:
1 2 n 1 n 1 n
1 1
a 1,a 2,a a a
3 2
+ +
+ vi
moi
*
n N . Tnh tong cua 10 so hang au tien cua day so o.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 49 --
To: Toan tin
Bai 11: Tnh gan ung gia tr nho nhat va ln nhat cua phan thc
2
2
2x 7x 1
A
x 4x 5
+
+ +
Bai 12: Tm nhom ba ch so cuoi cung (hang tram, hang chuc, hang
n v) cua so:
2 3 4 15 16
1 2 3 ... 14 15 + + + + + .
Bai 13: Tnh gan ung goc nhon x (o, phut, giay) neu
( ) sinx.cosx 3 sinx cosx 2 +
.
Bai 14: iem E nam tren canh BC cua hnh vuong ABCD. Tia phan giac
cua cac goc EBD, EAD cat cac canh BC, CD tng ng tai M, N. Tnh gan
ung gia tr nho nhat cua t so
MN
AB
. Tnh gan ung (o, phut, giay)
goc EAB neu
MN 6
AB 7
.
Bai 15: Hai ng tron ban knh 3dm va 4dm tiep xuc ngoai vi nhau
tai iem A. Goi B va C la cac tiep iem cua hai ng tron o vi
mot tiep tuyen chung ngoai. Tnh gan ung dien tch cua hnh gii han
bi oan thang BC va hai cung nho AB, AC.
e 17:
(Tap ch Toan hoc tuoi th 2 thang 1 nam 2005)
Bai 1: Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc
( )
( )
3
M 12 6 3 3 2 1 2 3 4 2 4 2 3
14 8 3
+ + +
Bai 2:
2.1. Tm gan ung (en 10 ch so) tat ca cac nghiem thc cua
phng trnh bac ba:
3 3 2 3
a)8x 6x 1 0 b)x x 2x 1 0 c)16x 12x 10 2 5 0 + +
2.2. Trong cac phng trnh tren, phng trnh nao co nghiem hu
t. Chng minh?
2.3. Tnh chnh xac nghiem cua cac phng trnh tren di dang
bieu thc cha can.
Bai 3:
3.1. Day so
1 2 k
a ,a ,...,a ,...
c xay dng nh sau: Ch so
n 1
a
+
la
tong cac ch so trong c so 10 cua
n
a
. Hay chon 5 so bat ky (co so
ch so lan lt la 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) va thc hien quy trnh tren. ieu g
xay ra? Hay chng minh nhan nh ay?
3.2. Day so
1 2 k
a ,a ,...,a ,...
co tnh chat: Ch so
n 1
a
+
la tong bnh
phng cac ch so trong c so 10 cua
n
a
. Hay chon 5 so bat ky (co
so ch so lan lt la 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) va thc hien quy trnh tren. ieu g
xay ra? Hay chng minh nhan nh ay?
Bai 4:
4.1. Tm 11 so t nhien lien tiep co tong bnh phng cua chung
la mot so chnh phng.
4.2. Co hay khong n so t nhien lien tiep (2< n < 11) co tong
bnh phng cua chung la mot so chnh phng?
Bai 5: Tm mot so t nhien co tnh chat: Neu viet lien tiep bnh
phng va lap phng cua no, sau o ao ngc so nhan c th ta
nhan c so la luy tha bac sau cua so ban au.
Bai 6: Mot ham f: N ----> N cho moi so t nhien n mot gia tr f(n)
cung la so t nhien, theo cong thc f(f(n)) = f(n) + n.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 50 --
To: Toan tin
6.1. Hay tm hai ham so f: R ---> R sao cho f(f(x)) = f(x) + x vi moi x.
6.2. Chng minh rang khong co cac ham so khac thoa man.
e 18:
Bai 1: Cho
3 3
847 847
A 6 6
27 27
+ +
1.1. Tnh tren may gia tr cua A.
1.2. Tnh chnh xac gia tr cua A.
Bai 2: Mot ngi mua nha tr gia hai tram trieu ong theo phng
thc tra gop. Moi thang anh ta tra ba trieu ong.
2.1. Sau bao lau anh ta tra het so tien tren.
2.2. Neu anh ta phai chu lai suat cua so tien cha tra la 0,04%
thang va moi thang ke t thang th hai anh ta van tra ba trieu thi
sau bao lau anh ta tra het so tien tren.
Bai 3: iem kiem tra mon toan lp 9A va 9B c thong ke nh
sau (n la iem so, trong bang la so hoc sinh at iem n):
n 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9A 3 2 7 7 9 5 4 4
9B 1 1 3 15 10 9 1 1
3.1. Tnh iem trung bnh cua mon hoc cua hai lp. Tnh phng sai
va o lech tieu chuan?
3.2. Goi 3, 4 la iem yeu; 5, 6 la iem trung bnh; 7, 8 la iem
kha va 9, 10 la iem gioi. Tnh t le phan tram so hoc sinh at iem
yeu, trung bnh, kha, gioi cua hai lp. Ket luan?
Bai 4:
4.1. Tm chn so le dng khac nhau
1 2 9
n ,n ,...,n
thoa man
1 2 9
1 1 1
... 1
n n n
+ + +
4.2. Ton tai hay khong sau, bay, tam so le dng co tnh chat
tren?
Bai 5:
5.1. Chng minh rang phng trnh Pell x
2
2y
2
= 1 ch co nghiem
nguyen dang: x
n
= 3x
n-1
+ 4y
n-1
; y
n
= 2x
n-1
+ 3y
n-1
vi n = 1, 2, va x
0
= 3; y
0
= 2.
5.2. Lap mot qui trnh tnh (x
n
; y
n
) va tnh vi n = 1, 2, cho ti khi
tran man hnh.
Bai 6: Cho mot ngu giac eu co canh o dai la a
1
. Keo dai cac
canh cua ngu giac e c ngoi sao nam canh co mi canh co o
dai la b
1
. Cac nh cua ngoi sao lai tao thanh mot a giac eu mi.
Tiep tuc qua trnh nay c mot dat ngu giac eu va ngoi sao long
nhau. Xet day: { } { }
1 1 2 2 1 2 3
S a ,b ,a ,b ,... c ,c ,c ,...
.
6.1. Chng minh rang moi phan t cua day S la tong cua hai
phan t ng trc no.
6.2. Chng minh rang
n n 2 1 n 1 1
c u a u b

+
vi u
n
la so hang cua day
Phibonacci, tc la day { }
n 1 n n 1
F 1,1,2,3,5,...,u u u
+
+
.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 51 --
To: Toan tin
6.3. Biet a
1
= 1. Lap mot quy trnh tren may Casio tnh a
n
va b
n
. Tnh
a
n
va b
n
cho ti khi tran man hnh.
e 19:
Bai 1: Cho hai so a = 3022005 va b = 7503021930
1.1. Tm UCLN va BCNN cua hai so a, b
1.2. Lap mot qui trnh bam phm lien tuc tnh UCLN(a,b)
1.3. Tm so d khi chia BCNN(a,b) cho 75.
Bai 2: Cho x
1000
+ y
1000
= 6,912 va x
2000
+ y
2000
= 33,76244. Tnh x
3000
+ y
3000
.
Bai 3: Tnh va viet ket qua di dang phan so:
1
3.1. A 1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
+
+
+
+
+
1
3.2. B 5
1
1
1
4
1
3
1
8
1
2
7
+
+
+
+
+
+
Bai 4: Tm x, y nguyen dng thoa man phng trnh:
3 3
y 18 x 1 18 x 1 + + + +
.
Bai 5: Cho day so { }
n
b
c xac nh nh sau: b
n+2
= 4b
n+1
b
n
; b
1
= 4, b
2
=
14.
5.1. Chng minh rang dien tch tam giac vi cac canh la b
k-1
, b
k
,
b
k+1
la nhng so nguyen.
5.2. Chng minh rang ban knh ng tron noi tiep tam giac c
tnh theo cong thc ( ) ( )
k k
k
1
r 2 3 2 3
2 3
1
+
1
]
Bai 6:
6.1. Bao nhieu so co tam ch so tao thanh t cac ch so 2 va
5 ma hai ch so 2 khong ng canh nhau.
6.2. Bao nhieu so co chn ch so tao thanh t cac ch so 2 va
5 ma hai ch so 2 khong ng canh nhau.
6.3. Bao nhieu so co mi ch so tao thanh t cac ch so 2
va 5 ma hai ch so 2 khong ng canh nhau.
e 20:
(S GD T Ha Noi - 1996)
Bai 1: Tm x vi x =
4
3
5
7
4
2, 3144
3, 785
Bai 2 : Giai phng trnh : 1,23785x

2
+4,35816x 6,98753 = 0
Bai 3 : Tnh A biet : A =
22g25ph18gix2, 6 7g47ph35gi
9g28ph16gi
+
Bai 4 :
Bai 4.1. Tm goc C ( bang o va phut ) cua tam giac ABC biet a
= 9,357m; b = 6,712m; c = 4,671m
Bai 4.2. Tm o dai trung tuyen AM cua tam giac ABC.
Bai 4.2. Tnh ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac ABC.
Bai 5. n gian bieu thc sau :
3 3
9 4 5 9 4 5 + +
Bai 6 : So tien 58000 c gi tiet kiem theo lai kep ( Sau moi
thang tien lai c nhap thanh von). Sau 25 thang th c ca von
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 52 --
x
2
+ y
2
= 19,32
To: Toan tin
lan lai la 84155. Tnh lai suat / thang (tien lai cua 100 trong 1
thang).
Bai 7 : Cho so lieu :
Bien
lng
135 642 498 576 637
Tan so 7 12 23 14 11
Tnh tong so lieu, so trung bnh va phng sai
2
n
(
2
n
lay 4 so le).
Bai 8 : Cho tam giac ABC co
)
0 '
B 49 72
;
)
0 '
C 73 52
. Canh BC = 18,53 cm.
Tnh dien tch.
Bai 9 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung ( lay hai so le thap phan) cua
phng trnh :
x
2
+ sinx 1 = 0
Bai 10 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x
2
+ 5x 1 = 0.
Bai 11 : Tnh khoang cach gia hai nh khong lien tiep cua mot
ngoi sao 5 canh noi tiep trong ng tron ban knh R = 5,712.
Bai 12 : Cho cosA = 0,8516; tgB = 3,1725; sinC = 0,4351 (A, B, C nhon).
Tnh sin (A + B C)
Bai 13 : Tm n e n! 5,5 . 10
23
(n + 1!)
e 21:
(Vong chung ket S GD T Ha Noi - 1996)
Bai 1: Tnh A =
5 4 3
3x 2x 3x x 1
3 2
4x x 3x 5
+ +
+ +
khi x = 1,8165
Bai 2 :
Bai 2.1 : Cho tam giac ABC co a = 8,751m; b = 6,318m; c = 7,624m. Tnh
ng cao AH ba ban knh r cua ng tron noi tiep.
Bai 2.2 : Tnh ng phan giac trong AD cua tam giac ABC.
Bai 3 : Cho tgx = 2,324 ( 0
0
< x < 90
0
). Tnh A =
3 3
8cos x 2sin x cos x
3 2
2cos x sin x sin x
+
+ +
Bai 4 : Cho tam giac ABC co chu vi la 58cm,
)
' '
B 5718
;
)
' '
C 82 35
. Tnh o
dai cac canh AB, BC, AC.
Bai 5 : Cho cosx = 0,81735(0 < x < 90) Tnh : sin3x va cos7x
Bai 6 : Tnh bang ( o va phut) goc hp bi hai ng cheo cua t
giac loi noi tiep c trong ng tron va co cac canh la : a =
5,32 ; b = 3,45 ; c = 3,69 ; d = 4,68.
Bai 7 : Co 100 ngi ap 60m e chong lu, nhom an ong ap
5m/ngi, nhom an ba ap 3m/ngi, nhom hoc sinh ap
0,2m/ngi. Tnh so ngi cua moi nhom.
Bai 8 : Tm nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh x
2
tgx 1 = 0 ( lay 3
so le)
Bai 9 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh x
2
-
5
x
- 1 = 0
Bai 10 : Tm nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh x
6
- 15x 25 = 0
Bai 11 : Hai vect
1
v
uur
va
2
v
uur
co
1
v
uur
= 12,5 ;
2
v
uur
= 8 va
1 2
1 2
v v
v v
2
+
+
uur uur
uur uur
.
Tnh goc(
1
v
uur
,
2
v
uur
) bang o va phut.
9
+ x 10 = 0
Bai 13 : Tm nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x
3
cosx = 0
Bai 14 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh x cotgx = 0 ( 0
< x <
2
)
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 53 --
x
2
+ y
2
= 19,32
1,372x 4,915y = 3,123
8,368x + 5,214y = 7,318 8
x
2
- y
2
= 1,654
To: Toan tin
e 22:
(S GD T Thanh Hoa - 2000)
Bai 1 :
Bai 1.1 : Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A vi AB = 3,74, AC = 4,51.
Tnh ng cao AH.
Bai 1.2 : Tnh goc B cua tam giac ABC bang o va phut.
Bai 1.3 : Ke ng phan giac cua goc A cua tam giac ABC cat
BC tai I. Tnh AI.
Bai 2 : Cho ham so y = x
4
+ 5x
3
3x
2
+ x 1. Tnh y khi x = 1,35627.
Bai 3 : Cho Parabol (P) co phng trnh : y = 4,7x
2
3,4x 4,6. Tnh toa o
(x
o
; y
o
) cua nh S cua Parabol.
Bai 4 : Tnh B =
3h47ph55gi 5h11ph45gi
6h52ph17gi
+
Bai 5 : Tnh A =
5 4 2
3 2
3x 2x 3x x 1
4x x 3x 5
+ +
+ +
Khi x = 1,8156
Bai 6 : Cho sinx = 0,32167 (0
o
< x < 90
0
). Tnh A = cos
2
x 2sinx- sin
3
x
Bai 7: Cho tgx = 2,324. Tnh A =
3 3
3 2
8cos x 2sin x cos x
2cos x sin x sin x
+
+
Bai 8: Cho sinx =
3
5
. Tnh A =
2 2
2
2cos x 5sin 2x 3tg x
5tg 2x 6cotgx
+
+
Bai 9: Tnh a e x
4
+ 7x
3
+ 13x + a chia het cho x
6
.
2
+ 4,35816x 6,98753 = 0
Bai 13 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x -
x
= 1
Bai 14 : Giai he phng trnh :
Bai 15 : Dan so mot nc la 65 trieu. Mc tang dan so 1 nam
la 1,2%. Tnh dan so nc ay sau 15 nam.
e 23:
(S GD T Thanh Hoa - 2000)
Bai 1 :
Bai 1.1 : Cho tam giac ABC ( 90
0
< x < 180
0
) va sinA = 0,6153 ; AB =
17,2 ; AC = 14,6. Tnh BC
Bai 1.2 : Tnh o dai trung tuyen AM cua tam giac ABC.
2
3,4x 4,6. Tm toa o
(x
o;
y
o
Bai 3 : Tnh A =
3
6
7
1, 815.2, 732
4, 621
Bai 4: Cho cosx = 0,7651 (0
0
< x < 90
0
). Tnh A =
3 2
2
cos x sin x 2
cos x sin x
+
Bai 5: Cho sinx =

3
5
. Tnh A =
2 2
2
2cos x 5sin 2x 3tg x
5tg 2x 6cotgx
+
+
Bai 6: Cho
x
=
3
5
. Tnh A =
2
3 3 2
2
4 3
5log x 2(log x) 3log 2x
12(log 2x) 4log 2x
+ +
+
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 54 --
x
2
+ y
2
= 19,32
x, y > 0
1,372x 4,915y = 3,123
8,368x + 5,214y = 7,318 8
x
2
- y
2
= 1,654
To: Toan tin
Bai 7 : Tnh A e x
4
+ 7x
3
+ 2x
2
+ 13x + a chia het cho x + 6
Bai 8 : Dan so mot nc la 65 trieu. Mc tang dan so 1 nam la
1,2%. Tnh dan so nc ay sau 15 nam.
Bai 9: Giai he phng trnh :
2 2
x
0, 681
y
x y 19, 32
'
Bai 10 : Tm nghiem cua phng trnh :x -

x 1 13
Bai 11 : Tm nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : 8x
3
+ 32x 17 = 0
Bai 12 : Cho 0 < x <
2
. Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh

cosx tgx = 0.
e 24:
(S GD - T ong Nai - 1998)
Bai 1 : Giai phng trnh (ghi ket qua u 9 so le thap phan) :
2,354x
2
1,542x 3,141 = 0
Bai 2 : Giai he phng trnh (ghi ket qua u 9 so le thap phan) :
Bai 3 : Tm so d trong phep chia :
3 3 2
x 6, 723x 1,875x 6, 458x 4, 319
x 2, 318
+ +
+
Bai 4 : Mot ngoi sao nam canh co khoang cach gia hai nh
khong lien tiep la 9,651. Tm ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep qua 5
nh ).
Bai 5 : Cho
la goc nhon co sin
= 0,813. Tm cos 5
.
Bai 6: Tm thi gian e mot ong t di chuyen het oan ng ABC
dai 127,3 Km biet AB = 75,5km va c di chuyen vi van toc
26,3km/gi va oan BC c di chuyen bang van toc 19,8km/gi.
Bai 7 : Cho x, y lahai so dng, giai he phng trnh
Bai 8 : Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A vi AB = 15, BC = 26(cm). Ke
ng phan giac trong BI ( I nam tren AC) . Tnh IC.
Bai 9 : Tnh (Ket qua c ghi bang phan so vaso thap phan) : A =
123 581 521
3 2 4
52 7 23
+
So
lieu
173 52 81 37
Tan
so
3 7 4 5
Tm so trung bnh
X
, phng sai
2 2
x n
( ) ( Ket qua lay 6 so le)
Cau 11 : Tnh B =
3 7
17
3
816,13
712, 35
Cau 12 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x

3
+ 5x 2 = 0
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 55 --
1,372x 4,915y = 3,123
8,368x + 5,214y = 7,318 8
x
2
- y
2
= 1,654
x
2
- y
2
= 1,654
To: Toan tin
Cau 13: Tnh C =
g ph gi g ph gi
g ph gi
6 47 29 2 58 38
1 31 42 .3
Cau 14 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x +

3
x 2 0
Cau 15 : Cho hnh thang can co hai ng cheo vuong goc vi nhau.
ay nho dai 15,34, canh ben dai 20,35cm. Tm o dai ay ln.
e 25
(Vong chung ket S GD T ong Nai - 1998)
Bai 1 : Giai phng trnh (ghi ket qua u 9 so le thap phan) :
2,354x
2
- 1,542x - 3,141 = 0
Bai 2 : Giai he phng trnh (ghi ket qua u 9 so le thap phan) :
1, 372x 4, 915y 3,123
8, 368x 5, 214y 7, 318

'
+
Bai 3 : Tm so d trong phep chia :

3 3 2
x 6,723x 1,875x 6,458x 4,319
x 2,318
+ +
+
Bai 4 : Mot ngoi sao nam canh co khoang cach gia hai nh
khong lien tiep la 9,651. Tm ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep qua 5
nh ).
Bai 5 : Cho
la goc nhon co sin
= 0,813. Tm cos 5
.
Bai 6 : Cho tam giac ABC co ba canh a = 8,32 ; b = 7,61; c = 6,95 (cm).
Tnh goc A bang o, phut, giay:
Bai 7 : Cho x, y lahai so dng, giai he phng trnh
Bai 8 : Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A vi AB = 15, BC = 26(cm). Ke
ng phan giac trong BI ( I nam tren AC) . Tnh IC.
Bai 9 : Tm nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x
9
+ x 7 = 0
Bai 10. Cho so lieu :
So
lieu
173 52 81 37
Tan
so
3 7 4 5
Tm so trung bnh
X
, phng sai
2 2
x n
( ) ( Ket qua lay 6 so le)
Cau 11 : Tnh B =
3 7
17
3
816,13
712, 35
Cau 12 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x

3
+ 5x 2 = 0
Cau 13 : Cho tam giac ABC co ba canh a = 15,637 ; b = 13,154; c =
12,981 (cm). Ba ng phan giac trong cat ba canh tai A
1
, A
2
, A
3
Tnh
dien tch cua tam giac A
1
A
2
A
3
Cau 14 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x +
3
2 2 0
Cau 15 : Cho hnh thang can coa hai ng cheo vuong goc vi nhau.
ay nho dai 15,34, canh ben dai 20,35cm. Tm o dai ay ln.
e 26
(S GD T TP. Ho Ch Minh - 1998)
Bai 1 : Tm so d trong phep chia : (Ket qua lay 3 so le ) :
11 9 5 4
x x x x x 723
x 1, 624
+ +
Bai 2 : Giai Phng trnh (ghi ket qua 7 so le): 1,9815x

2
+ 6,8321x +
1,0518 = 0
Bai 3 :
Bai 3.1 : Cho tam giac ABC co 3 canh a = 12,357; b= 11,698; c =
9,543 (cm). Tnh o dai ng trung tuyen AM.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 56 --
x
2
- y
2
= 1,654
To: Toan tin
Bai 3.2 : Tnh sinC
Bai 4 : Cho cosx = 0,8157. Tnh sin3x (0
0
< x < 90
0
)
Bai 5 : Cho 0
0
< x < 90
0
vasinx = 0,6132. Tnh tgx.
Bai 6 : Tm nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : 3x -
2 x 3 0
.
Bai 7 : Mot cap so nhan co so hang au u
1
= 1,678, cong boi q =
8
9
. Tnh tong S
n
cua 17 so hang au tien (ket qua lay 4 so le).
Bai 8 : Qua ky thi, 2105 hoc sinh xep theo iem so nh sau. Hay tnh
ty le phan tram (lay mot so le) hoc sinh theo tng loai iem.
Phai an t nhat may lan phm chia e ien xong bang nay vi may
tnh Casio co hien K.
ie
m
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
So
h/s
27 48 71 293 308 482 326 284 179 52 35
T
le
Bai 9 : Cho hnh thang can co hai ng cheo vuong goc vi nhau.
ay nho dai 13,72. Canh ben dai 21,867cm. Tnh dien tch S (S lay 4
so le).
Bai 10 : Cho x,y la hai so dng, giai he phng trnh :
Bai 11 : Cho tam giac ABC co ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep va
noi tiep lan lt la 3,9017 va 1,8225 (cm). Tm khoang cach gia hai
tam cua hai ng tron nay.
Bai 12 : Cho tam giac ABC co cac canh a = 7,615; b = 5,837; c = 6,329
(cm) Tnh ng cao AH.
e 27
(Vong chung ket S GD T TP. Ho Ch Minh - 1998)
Bai 1 : Giai phng trnh (ghi ket qua u 9 so le thap phan)
2
2, 3541x 7, 3249x 4, 2157 0 + +
Bai 2: Giai he phng trnh (ghi ket qua u 9 so le thap phan):
3, 6518x 5, 8426y 4, 6821
1, 4926x 6, 3571y 2, 9843

'
+
Bai 3: Giai phng trnh (tm nghiemgan ung) : x

3
+ 2x
2
9x + 3 = 0
Bai 4 : Cho hnh chop t giac eu S.ABCD , biet trung oan d =
3,415(cm). Goc gia hai canh ben va ay bang 42
0
17. Tnh the tch.
Bai 5 :
Bai 5.1 : Cho tam giac ABC co canh a = 12,758; b = 11,932; c =
9,657(cm). Tnh o dai ng phan giac trong AD.
Bai 5.2 : Ve cac ng phan giac trong CE, CF. Tnh dien tch S
1
cua
tam giac DEF.
3
2xsin(3x-1) +
2 = 0.
Bai 7 : Cho t giac ABCD noi tiep trong mot ng tron ban knh R
vi canh a = 3,657; b= 4,155; c = 5,651; d = 2,765(cm). Tnh R.
Bai 8 : Tm nghiem am gan ung cua phng trnh :x
10
5x
3
+ 2x 3 =
0
Bai 9 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh :
Bai 10 : Cho tam giac ABC co ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep R =
7,268 (cm) cac goc B = 48
0
30; C = 63
0
42. Tnh dien tch tam gac ABC.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 57 --
x
2
- y
2
= 1,654
To: Toan tin
Bai 11 : Cho t giac loi ABCD co cac canh la 18, 34, 56, 27 (cm) va
) )
B D +
= 210
0
. Tnh dien tch t giac.
e 28
(Thanh oan thanh nien ket hp vi S GD&T TP Ho Ch Minh
24.11.1996)
Bai 1 : Tnh x =
4 2.3
5
7
(1, 345) .(3,143)
(189, 3)
2
3,21458x 2,45971 = 0
Bai 3 : Tnh A =
5 4 2
3 2
3x 2x 3x x 1
4x x 3x 5
+ +
+ +
Khi x = 1,8156
Bien
lng
135 642 498 576 637
Tan so 7 12 23 14 11
Tnh tong so lieu, so trung bnh va phng sai
2
n
(
2
n
lay 4 so le).
Bai 5 : Hai lc F
1
= 12,5N va F
2
= 8N co hp lc bang trung bnh cong
cua chung. Tm goc hp bi hai lc ay (Tnh bang o phut)
Bai 6: Mot vien an c ban t nong sung theo goc 40
0
17 oi
vi phng nam ngang vi van toc 41,7m/s. Cho g = 9,81m/s
2
, hay tnh
khoang cach t ni ban en cho an ri.
Bai 7 : Tnh o cao cua vien an at c cau 6
Bai 8 : Cho cosA = 0,8516; tgB = 3,1725; sinC = 0,4351 ( ba goc eu
nhon). Tnh sin(A+ B-C).
Bai 9 : Tm n e n! 5,5.10
28
(n+1)!
Bai 10 : Mot so tien la 580000 c gi tiet kiem theo lai kep
(sau moi thang tien lai c cong thanh von) sau 25 thang th c
ca von lan lai la 84155. Tnh lai suat /thang (tien lai cua 100
trong mot thang).
Bai 11 :
Bai 11.1 : Cho tam giac ABC co a = 8,751m; b = 6,318m; c = 7,624m.
Tnh ng cao AH ba ban knh r cua ng tron noi tiep.
Bai 11.2 : Tnh ng phan giac trong AD cua tam giac ABC.
Bai 12 : Tm mot nghiemgan ung cua phng trnh : x
2
+ sinx 1 = 0
Bai 13 : Tm mot nghiemgan ung cua phng trnh : 2x
3
+ 2cosx + 1
= 0
Bai 14 : Tnh khoang cach gia hai nh khong lien tiep cua mot
ngoi sao 5 canh noi tiep trong ng tron ban knh R = 5,712.
Bai 15 : Cho tam giac ABC co
)
0 '
B 49 72
;
)
0 '
C 73 52
. Canh BC = 18,53 cm.
Tnh dien tch.
Bai 16 : Mot vien an c buoc chat vao mot si day dai 0,87m.
Mot ngi cam au day kia cua day phai quay bao nhieu vong
trong mot phut neu si day ve nen hnh non co ng sinh tao vi
phng thang ng 1 goc la 52
0
17. Biet g = 9,81m/s
2
.
e 29
24.11.1996. Vong chung ket)
Bai 1 : Giai phng trnh tm nghiem gan ung : x
3
7x + 4 = 0
Bai 2 : Cho tam giac ABC co chu vi la 58cm,
)
0 '
B 57 18
;
)
0 '
C 82 35
. Tnh o
dai cac canh AB, BC, AC.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 58 --
To: Toan tin
Bai 3 : Mot hnh vuong c chia thanh 16 o (moi canh 4 o). O th
nhat c at mot hat thoc, o th hai c at 2 hat , o th ba
c at 4 hat, . . . .va at lien tiep nh vay en o cuoi cung(O
tiep theo gap oi o trc). Tnh tong hat thoc c at vao 16 o
hnh vuong.
Bai 4 : Mot vat trt co ma sat tren mat phang nghieng goc
43
0
25 so vi mat nam ngang vi gia toc 3,248m/s
2
. cho g= 9,81m/s
2
.
Tnh he so ma sat.
Bai 5 : Co 100 ngi ap 60m e chong lu, nhom an ong ap
5m/ngi, nhom an ba ap 3m/ngi, nhom hoc sinh ap
0,2m/ngi. Tnh so ngi cua moi nhom.
Bai 6 : Cho cosx = 0,81735(0 < x < 90) Tnh : sin3x va cos7x
2
tgx 1 = 0
( lay 3 so le)( x 0
2
< < )
Bai 8 : Tnh gia toc ri t do o cao 25km biet ban knh trai at R
= 64000km va gia toc g = 9,81m/s
2
.
Bai 9 : Cho 1 < x < 0. Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh :
cosx + tg3x = 0.
Bai 10 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : 2cos3x 4x 1
= 0.
Bai 11 : Cho tgx = 2,324. Tnh A =
3 3
3 2
8cos x 2sin x cos x
2cos x sin x sin x
+
+
Bai 12 : Tm mot nghiem cua phng trnh :
3 3
x 34 x 3 1 +
6
- 15x 25 = 0
2
- x
2
+7x + 2 =
0
Bai 12 : Tnh bang ( o va phut) goc hp bi hai ng cheo cua
t giac loi noi tiep c trong ng tron va co cac canh la : a =
5,32 ; b = 3,45 ; c = 3,69 ; d = 4,68.
2
-
5
x
- 1 = 0
e 30
24.11.1996. Vong chung ket)
Bai 1 : Tnh the tch V cua hnh cau ban knh R = 3,173.
Bai 2 :
Bai 2.1 : Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A vi AB = 3,74, AC = 4,51.
Tnh ng cao AH.
Bai 2.3 : Ke ng phan giac cua goc A cua tam giac ABC cat
BC tai I. Tnh AI.
So
lieu
7 4 15 17 63
Tan
so
2 1 5 9 14
Tm so trung bnh
X
, phng sai
2 2
x n
( )
Bai 4 : Cho ham so y = x
4
+ 5x
3
3x
2
+ x 1. Tnh y khi x = 1,35627
2
3,4x 4,6. Tnh toa o
(x
o
; y
o
Bai 6 : Tm giao iem cua Parabol (P) vi truc hoanh.
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 59 --
To: Toan tin
Bai 7 : Tnh ban knh hnh cau co the tch V= 137,45dm
3
Bai 8 : Cho sinx = 0,32167 (0
o
< x < 90
0
). Tnh A = cos
2
x 2sinx- sin
3
x
Bai 9 : Tnh B =
3h47ph55gi 5h11ph45gi
6h52ph17gi
+
Cau 10 : Tnh dien tch hnh tron noi tiep trong tam giac eu co canh
dai a= 12,46.
Bai 11 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x -
x
= 1
Nguyen Tan Phong
-- 60 --

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To: Toan tin

CHNG I: MOT SO DANG TOAN

Dang chnh tac he phng trnh bac 3 co dang:

Dang 3.1. Giai phng trnh bac hai ax

+ Neu = 0 th phng trnh co nghiem kep:

+ Neu < 0 th phng trnh vo nghiem.

Qui trnh an may (fx-500MS va fx-570 MS)

2.2. (S GD Ha Noi, 1996)

2.3. (S GD Can Th, 2002)

IV. Dang 4 : LIEN PHAN SO

co bieu dien gan ung di dang lien phan

chia het cho 8 (cho 9) neu ( )

chia het cho 11 neu

chia het cho q 1 neu

a. Tnh 8 so hang au tien cua day.

chia het cho 20

Vay nghiem tong quat phng trnh co dang:

. Tm cong thc tong

Vay so hang tong quat:

Vay so hang tong quat

Thang n (n = n): A = a(1 + r)

3,62cm. Tnh AC, AB va ng cao h cua hnh

; AM = MD = DN = NB. Viet cong thc va tnh o dai sat lam v keo

Bai 4: Cho day so xac nh bi cong thc

Bai 2 : Giai phng trnh : 1,23785x

Bai 5: Cho sinx =

Bai 10 : Tm nghiem cua phng trnh :x -

. Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh

la goc nhon co sin

Cau 12 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x

Cau 14 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x +

Bai 3 : Tm so d trong phep chia :

la goc nhon co sin

Cau 12 : Tm mot nghiem gan ung cua phng trnh : x

Bai 2 : Giai Phng trnh (ghi ket qua 7 so le): 1,9815x

Bai 3: Giai phng trnh (tm nghiemgan ung) : x

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