DREKT BLG SORULARI YAZARA - PARAGRAFA GRE DKKAT ! : SZN FKRNZ VE YORUMUNUZ SORULMUYOR !

Soru Kk According to the writer/ author,... According to the passage It is stated in the passage that... It is argued in the passage that... It is suggested in the passage that The writer author/ points out that... The author argues that... The writer explains that... The writer suggests that The writer is of the opinion that.. The passage explains that... The passage makes the point that... The point made in the passage is that... One essential point made in the passage is that... It is It is It is It is It is pointed out in the passage that... explained in the passage that... suggested in the passage that... obvious from the passage that... clear from the passage that... Anlam yazara gre.... paragrafa gre... parada anlatldna gre..

yazarn sylediine gre....

paragrafn anlattna gre... yazarn dediine gre...

The writer makes the point that...

paragrafta anlatldna gre

As (it is) pointed out in the passage,... As (it is) mentioned in the passage,... As explained in the passage that... We see in the passage that...

paragrafta anlatna gre... paragraftan anladmz zere..

NOT: YUKARIDA VERLEN SORU KKLERNN BREBR TERCMES VERLMEMTR. ANCAK SORU KKLER SINIFLANDIRILARAK BENZER/ AYNI ANLAMA GELENLER BR ARADA GSTERLMTR. NER Direk karm sorularnda hata yapma olaslnz ok dktr. Bundan dolay zellikle bu sorular zerinde durun.

2) YORUM SORULARI Bu sorular sizi uratracak olanlardr. Yorum yaparak seeneklerden hangisinin doru olduunu soran soru trdr. YORUM SORULARI

One understands from the passage that... One infers from the passage that... One can/ may conclude from the passage that... One can/may infer from the passage that... The author concludes that From the passage we undewrstand that... From the passage we learn that.. We learn from the passege that... We can undewrstand from the passage that... We can infer from the passage that...

paragraftan anlaldna gre.. pargraftan karlabilecek u sonuca gre... yazarn vard sonuca gre...

paragraftan anladmza gre / kadaryla...

As (it) can be understood from the passage... As we learn from the passage... As we can understand from the passage... It can be inferred from the passage that... It is understood from the passage... The passage implies that It is implied in the passage that It is shown in the passage that..

paragtaftan anlayabileceimiz kadar ile... paragraftan karlabilecek u sonuca gre.. paragrafta kast edildii kadar ile paragtafta gsterildii kadaryla...

3) ANA FKR SORULARI

Parann en genel cmlesi onun ana fikridir. Ana fikir sorularnn genellikle geni zamanda olduuna dikkat ediniz . PUCU: Paragrafta olumsuz balalar var ise genellikle ana fikir bu balalarn iinde cmlededir. However, but, nevertheless, nonetheless, vs, gibi (baknz; ngilizce Snav Teknikleri)

ANA FKR SORULARI

The passage is mainly concerned with... The pasage largely deals with... The main concern of the passage... The main The main Tha main Tha main subject of the passage... idea of the passage is that... point of the message is that... argumant of the passage is that...

The passage describes... The passage emphasizes... The passage gives a general account of... In this passage, the writer has set out...

NGLZCE BALALAR 2 CMLE BALALARI TRANSITIONS ngilizce'de cmleleri anlam bakmndan birbiren balamak iin "Transition" bala grubu kullanlr. Bu bala trnn yapsal zellii (Gramer) u ekildedir: CMLE.BALA,CMLE Yani; Transition balalar iki cmle arasna gelerek onlar anlam bakmndan balar ve Transition bala trnden hemen sonra virgl kullanmak arttr. Daha iyi anlalmas iin aada baz renkler vereceim: a) BUT (CONJUNTION)= AMA, FAKAT : He studied hard, but he could not pass b) HOWEVER (TRANSITION) = AMA, FAKAT = He studied hard. However, He could not pass. ********** DKKAT ! NOKTALAMA ARETLER SZE KPDS, TOEFL, DS GB SINAVLARDA P UCU OLACAKTIR. MUTLAKA DKKAT EDN ****** TRANSITION BALALARINI RENMEK Bu balalar yapsal adan ayndr. yani hepsi iki cmle arasna girer, nlerinde nokta ve kendilerinden sonra virgl kullanlr. Bu balalar anlamlar balmndan renirseniz hem gnlk yaamda, hem iinizde ve hem de svalarda sorular kolayca zmede baarl olursunuz. NEML NOT: Paragraf tamamlama, cmle tamamlama, Verilen cmlenin e anlam, eviri sorular gibi soru trlerini yapabilmek iin mutlaka balalar iyi bilmek gerekir.
ZITLIK (CONTRAST) however, on the other hand , conversely, in contrast, nonetheless, nevetheless, even so, inspite of this I woked hard. However, I could not pass

SONU (BUNAN DOLAYI) therefore, as a consequence, as a result, consequently, for this reason, thus, hence, accordingly I did not study hard. Therefore, I failed

LAVE FKR (DAHASI) Also, In addition, further, furthermore, moreover, more and more, besides Jane is a laweyer. Besides, she is a mother to two children

SIRALAMA First, second, third... Firstly, secondly, thirdly...

ZAMANA GRE SIRALAMA At first, afterwards, later, then, in the meantime, meanwhile I had breakfast this morning. Afterwards, I left for work

RNEKLENDRME For example, for instance, to illustrate There are huge cities in Turkey. For example, stanbul is pne pf the biggest cities in the world. FOR EXAMPLE + CMLE GELR** SUCH AS + SM ( .......... such as stanbul, Ankara and zmir) BENZERLK Similarly, correspondingly, in the same way Long viechles dirve slow down in the city centre. Simirlarly, other viechles must also keep slow

VURGU (Bir nceki anlam glendirmek) In fact, indeed, as a matter fact, actually stanbul is one of the biggest cities in Turkey. In fact it is the biggest city in Turkey.

AIKLAMA, YENDEN ANLATMAK In other words, put it in a different way , That is She is a vegeterian. That is, she does not eat meat

DZELTME Rather He was elected to be the president. Rather, it was by chance

YOKSA Or else, otherwise We must hurry. Otherwise, we will be late

SONU In conclusion, briefly, in shortly, to sum up

NOT : Elbette ki ingilizce'de daha fazla bala vardr. ancak temel olarak bilmeniz gerekenler yukarda snflandrlm ve rneklendirilmitir.

NGLZCE BALALAR COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS ngilizce'de birden fazla szc, tamlamay ve cmleyi balamaya yaran balalara Coordinating Conjuntions denir. Bu balalarn yapsn bilmeniz ngilizceyi etkili bir ekilde kullanabilmek iin olduka gereklidir. zellikle snavlara hazrlananlarn tm bala trlerini ve yaplarn bilmeleri arttr. Balalarn yaplarn bilerek zaman kazanr ve cmle tamamlama sorularnda hangi balatan sonra veya nce neyin gelmesi gerektiini bileceksiniz.
AND (ve) birden fazla szc balar iki cmleyi balar (genellikle araya virgl gelir) - Jane and Mike are in the dining room - It was sonowing heavily , and there was a strom. - It was sonowing heavily and there was a strom. (nadiren virglsz)

BUT (fakat, ama)

ki anlam balar. Her zaman zt anlam beklemek gerekir ki cmle arasnda (,) ile kullanlr

- This car is beautiful but expensive - This car is beautiful, but it si expensive.

OR (ya da, yoksa)

iki cmle arasnda (,) virgl ile kullanlr.

- We must hurry, or we will be late

SO (BUNDAN DOLAYI)

ki cmle arasnda (,) virgl ile kullanlr ve ASLA CMLEYE SO LE BALANMAZ!

- Jack was tired, so hewent to bed early - We are late, so we must hurry

FOR (NK) CMLE , FOR + CMLE

For + sim genellikle "for + isim kullanlr" ve "for" dan nce virgl elbette olmaz . FOR + CMLE "for" iki cmle arasna gelerek " because" gibi kulalnlabilir, ancak "for" dan nce (,) virgl kullanmak arttr !

- I went to the market for some bread. ( ANLAM "N") A) I don't want to leave stanbul, for I love to live here B) I don't want to leave stanbul because I love to live here "a" ve "b" cmlelerinin anlamlar AYNIDIR! E anlam sorularnda bol bol soru gelir!...

YET = BUT (FAKAT, AMA)

"YET" Cmle sonunda ve Present Perfect tens ile "Henz" anamnda kullanlr. CMLE , YET CMLE ki cmle arasnda (,) virgl ile " yet" aynen "but" olarak kullanlr. Yani: ,yet = but

- I have not finished my work yet a) She did not study hard, yet she passed all her eaxams b) She did not study hard, but she passed all her eaxams "a" ve "b" cmlelerinin anlamlar ayndr. E anlam sorularnda bol bol soru gelir!.

BUNLARI BLYOR MUSUNUZ? 2 Ders notlar sayfamzda sizler iin ngilizce snavlarnda iinize yarayacak nemli bilgiler ve kurallar vereceim. Aada bahsedeceklerimin tm kural olmasa da genellemeler dayanmaktadr. Bu kurallar (genellemeleri) verdiim derslerimde, notlarmda ve kitaplarmda (NGLZCE SINAV TEKNKLER) kullanyorum. Burada vereceim rnekler ve anlatmlar terimlerden uzak ve anlalmas kolay olsun diye renci ders notu havasnda yazlmtr. NGLZCE'DE DEVRK CMLELER - INVERSION Gnlk hayatta ve resmi yazmalarda devrik cmle yaps tercih edilmez. Basit ve dzgn sylemek dururken kimse devrik bir yap kullanarak kar tarafa bir eyler anlatmaya almaz. Devrik yap (Inversion) genellikle iir, makaleler, tiyatro oyunlar gibi sanatsal amalar iin kullanlr ve cmlelere farkl bir hava katar. Trkiye'de ise devrik yap (ingilizce) sadece akademik snavlarda soru olsun diye kullanlr. lk bakta zor gibi grnse de, karmza soru olarak kt zaman fark edip zmesi en kolay soru tipidir bana gre. RNEKLER: a) I have never seen snow before b) Never have I seen snow before a ve b cmlelerinin anlamlar ayndr. Sadece dinleyiciye verdikleri hava farkldr. Snavda ise iki cmle ayn soruda olamaz! nk ikisi de doru cevap olur. DEVRK CMLELER NASIL YAPILIR ? ngilizce'de devrik cmleler OLUMSUZ ZARF (ADVERB) larn cmle bana getirilmesi ile yaplr.
ZARF Never Rarely ZAMANA GRE YARDIMCI FL have do ASIL CMLE I seen snow I visit her

Seldom Scarcely No sooner Not only

does had had was

She visit me I got out of bed when the doorbell rang. he finished dinner, when she walked in the door he a tecaher, but also....

SO + SIFAT LE DEVRK CMLELER So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep. So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare SUCH + YARDIMCI FL Such is the moment that all greats traverse. Such is the stuff of dreams. NEML P UCU Bir cmlenin banda olumsuz zarf gryorsanz peinden YARDIMCI FL gelmesi gerektiini unutmayn. RNEK SORU ZM: _________________________________ when he lived in New York. A) Never he visited the Empire State Building : NEVER'DAN SONRA YARDIMCI FL YOK, ELENR B) Never did he visit the Empire State Building : DORU CEVAP, YARDIMCI FL + ZAMAN DORU A) Never has he visited the Empire State Building : YARDIMCI FL VAR AMA ZAMAN YANLI (PAST OLMALI) A) Never visited he the Empire State Building : YARDIMCI FL YOK, ELENR A) Never he did visited the Empire State Building : YARDIMCI FL YANLI YERDE, ELENR

BUNLARI BLYOR MUSUNUZ? 1 Ders notlar sayfamzda sizler iin ngilizce snavlarnda iinize yarayacak nemli bilgiler ve kurallar vereceim. Aada bahsedeceklerimin tm kural olmasa da genellemeler dayanmaktadr. Bu kurallar (genellemeleri) verdiim derslerimde, notlarmda ve kitaplarmda kullanyorum. Burada vereceim rnekler ve anlatmlar terimlerden uzak ve anlalmas kolay olsun diye renci ders notu havasnda yazlmtr. NGLZCE'DE VRGL (,) DEN SONRA NELER GELEBLR? ounuz " Virgl" ile uraamam, zaten noktalama iaretleri ile aram iyi deildir" diyebilirsiniz. Ben bunu rencilerimden ok duydum. Hatta ne zaman bu konuyu asam " Hocam bo ver virgl, sen bize daha nemli konular anlat" derler. Ama kazn aya yle deil ! Virgl deyip gemeyin sakn. Virgl kullanm bilerek ok soru

zebilirsiniz !!! Virgl bilgisi, Paragraf tamamlama sorular, cmle tamamlama sorular ve gramer sorular blmlerinde iinize ok yarayan bir bilgidir.
ANA CMLE VRGL BALANAN CMLE & KELME Cme ortas balalar (conjuncitons) but he did not see us so we saw him fire the lawyer for we wondered what will happen or he was going to get angry with us and we started watching him yet he did not recognize us SIFAT CMLECKLER (ADJECTIVE CLAUSES) which suprised them. most of whom were from Poland ZITLIK GSTEREN K BALA LE while others stayed in the class whereas others stayed in the class

We went out to see our boss

,
We went out to see our new visitors

We went out to see our new visitors

K CMLE ARADA BR BALA OLMADAN (,) LE BALANAMAZ: YANLI We went out to see our boss, he did not see us. VRGL DEN SONRA ASLA "THAT" GELMEZ ! Bu aslnda sfat cmleciklerinde kural olarak anlattmz bir dip nottur. Ama snavlarda ____ , that____ grrseniz hemen eleyin. NGLZCE OKUMA VE PARAGRAF SORULARINDA DKKAT EDLMES GEREKEN BALALAR Eer size verilen paragraf veya cmlede "that is", "in other words", "namely", "that is to say" balalar kullanlm ise daha nce verilen cmlenin aklamas verilmi demektir. Bu balalar grdnz zaman nceki cmle ile ilgili soru beklemelisiniz. Bu balalarn yardm ile sadece paragraf veya okuma sorular deil, ayrca verilen cmleyi en iyi tamamlayacak cmleyi bulma sorular da zlebilir. rnein eer bize "That is" gibi bir balatan nceki cmlenin ne olduu soruluyorsa soruyu zmek gayet kolaydr. rnek ............................ That is, he was punnished to be executed. a) The murderer was sentenced to death. b) The murderer was arrested Bu balalarn Trke tam karlklar yledir: >> That is = yani... >> On other words = baka bir deile >> Namely = yani >> That is to say = diyeceim o ki, yani rnekler: - The murderer was sentenced to death. That is, he was punnished to be executed. " sentenced to death = punnished to be executed" - All the newspapers were trying to influence the minister. In other words, they were trying to

change his mind. "influence the minister = "change his mind" - All the newspapers were trying to influence the minister. Namely, they were trying to change his mind. "influence the minister = "change his mind" KPDS VE DS'YE HAZIRLANANLAR N NEML NGLZCE GRAMER KONULARI Burada size Kpds ve ds snavlarna hazrlk yapanlarn en fazla zerinde durmas gereken gramer konular hakknda bilgiler vereceim. Bu snavlarda sadece gramer sorular % 30'luk bir dilime denk dse de, zellikle baz gramer konular zerindeki bilgi ve ett eksikliinden dolay okuma ve paragraf tamamlama sorularndan baarsz olunabilmektedir. KPDS ve DS snavlarna hazrlanan tm adaylarn ngilizce gramerinin inceliklerini bilmeleri beklenmektedir. Genellikle rencilerimiz ar detay ile uratklarndan yaknrlar, bu da gayet doal bir ikayettir. ngilizcede daha nce hi grmediiniz yaplar grecek ve bu yaplarn kurallarn bilmekle beraber tm istisnalarn' da renmeniz gerekecektir. Saylan / saylamayan isimler, miktar belirteci, sfatlarn sralamas gibi konularda belki biraz unutma lksnz var. Ancak aada srlayacam konularda OK Y OLMALISINIZ. NGLZCE SINAV TEKNKLER' adl kitabmda bir ok taktii bu bilgileri zerine kurdum. EN NEML GRAMER KONULARI >> Cmlelerde Zaman Uyumu >> Time Clause / Zaman Cmlecikleri >> Clause bilgisi >> Balalar ve Bala Trleri baz arkadalar peki Adjective Clause, Noun Clause nemli deil mi ? diye soracaktr. Cevabm tabi ki. Ancak ben bu yazda tm snav soru trleri etkileyen gramer konularn gstermek istedim. HANG KTAPTAN BU KONULARI ALIABLRM ? Elinizde bir gramer kitab varsa yukarda gsterdiim konularn olup olmadna baknz. leri dzey tm ngilizce gramer kitaplarnn bu konular geni bir ekilde aklamas beklenir. Ancak benim tavsiyem CESUR ZTRK - SYSTEMATIC APPROACH olacaktr. Cesur Hoca bu konular zerinde bol rnek vermi, Trke aklam ve dip notlar ile nemli noktalarn altn izmi. SADECE RENMEKLE OLMAZ ! Gramer kitabndan altnz konuyu 30 dakikada unutursunuz. Konular ve detaylar hatrlamak iin bol bol alakal sorular zmelisiniz. Greceksiniz sorular zdke ve hatalarnz bulduka sizde bu ite uzman haline geleceksiniz.

PREPOSITIONS NEDR?

Prepositions sanrm ngilizce renen, reten ve kullanan herkesin kabusudur. ngilizce'de preposition denen szck trn tek bana ezberlemek bir ie yaramyor nk preposition szck grubu birlikte kullanld szck ile beraber bir anlam ifade ediyor ounlukla. PREPOSITION NEDR? Prepositions aslnda temel olarak ismin halleridir. Yani -e,-de,-den halleri ngilizce'de Prepositions ile veriliyor. rnein: at school = okulda to school = okula from school = okuldan Yer tamlamalar ile birlikte kullanldklarnda problem yok genellikle. Yukardaki rneklerde de grld gibi prepositionlar isimlerin nnde kullanlr. Preposition denmesinin de sebebi budur zaten: PRE = N POSITION= DURUM; YAN: PREPOSITION = NDURUM, NHAL (SMN) TRKE SONDAN EKLEMEL BR DL OLDUU N BZDE POST-POSITION VARDIR.

PREPOSITIONS NERLERDE KULLANILIR ?

YER TAMLAMALARI LE at the corner at the bus stop at the door at the top of the page at the end of the road at the entrance at the crossroads at the entrance ZAMAN TAMLAMALARINDA in the garden in London in France in a box on the wall on the ceiling on the door on the cover

in my pocket in my wallet in a building in a car

on the floor on the carpet on the menu on a page

at 3 o'clock at 10.30am at noon at dinnertime at bedtime at sunrise at sunset at the moment

in May in summer in the summer in 1990 in the 1990s in the next century in the Ice Age

on Sunday on Tuesdays on 6 March on 25 Dec. 2010 on Christmas Day on Independence Day on my birthday

in the past/future on New Year's Eve

FL LE (PHRASAL VERBS)

Fiillerin yanna bir preposition geldiinde fiilin anlam byk lde deimektedir. Hatat ou kelime tamamen anlam deitirmektedir. rnekler: Look : >> Look at >> Look for >> Look forward to Aklamal Phrasal Verb Listesi: + Phrasal Verbs - Seperable + Phrasal Verbs - Inseperable

SIFATLAR LE PREPOSITIONS

Baz sfatlardan sonra preposition kullanlr. ASLINDA GENEL KURAL HEP AYNIDIR. PREPOSITION + SM. Ancak hangi sfat ile hangi preposition'u kullanmanz gerektiini ezbere bilmeniz gerekiyor. EN SIK KULLANILANLAR: accustomed afraid of to aware of doubtful about quilty of capable of enthusiastic about answerable attached to to dependent on excited about different to famous for pleased with rich in suitable to

interested in opposed to related to similar to

popular with proud of satisfied with suspicious of serious about used to (= accustomed to)

TM PREPOSITION KOMBNASYONLARINI EZBERLEMEYE ALIMAYIN. EN SIK KULLANILANLARI BLN VE BOL BOL OKUMA ALITIRMASI YAPIN. EZBERLEMEKLE BTMYORLAR MAALESEF

CLAUSE - YAN CMLELER

Yan cmlelerin kullanm dilin daha etkili ve daha aklayc olmasn salar. Yan cmleler ile bir cmlede daha fazla bilgi verilebilir. Clause'lar trlerine gre cmlede farkl yerlerde ve ekillerde kullanlrlar . Yan cmleler (Clauses) u ekillerde kullanlmaktadr:

SM CMLECKLER (Noun Clauses)

Bir cmlede ismin veya isim tamlamasnn yerine kullanlrlar. Yani cmlenin znesi veya Nesnesi olarak kullanlrlar.

That she killed her husband is not a secret anymore When she killed her husband is not a secret anymore Weather the woman killed her husband(or not) is still unknown. We know that she killed her husband. We couldn't understand why she

killed her husband It is unknown if she killed her husband Everybody was interested in why she killed her husband.

SIFAT CMLECKLER (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE S

Sfat Cmlecikleri biri ismi nitelemek ve o isim hakknda daha fazla bilgi vermek iin kullanlrlar. Adjective clause olarak bilinen bu yap nitelenmek istenen ismin sonuna getirilir.

The police arrested the woman who killed her husband The woman, who killed her husband, was arrested yesterday. Mrs. Anderson, who killed her husband, was arrested yesterday. The people, most of whom are her neighbors, gathered around the dead body. The police know the day when she killed her husband. The woman admitted the reason why she killed her husband. The woman was arrested in the building where she killed her husband. The building in which the woman killed her husband is now under police control. The woman whose husband was found dead in the building was arrested. Mrs. Anderson was arrested for killing her husband, which surprised everybody.

ZARF CMLECKLER ADVERB CLAUSES

ngilizce'de en geni Clause kategoirisi Adverb clause'kardr. Gramer kitaplarnn ou adverb clause'lar bir arada anlatmaz. Ayr ayr konular olarak anlatrlar. Ancak biz burada Adverb Clause'lar bir arada gstereceiz. SEBEP - SONU The man was injured because he had a terrible accident ZAMAN All The students stood up when the teacher entered the class YER The woman was burried where her husband lay BEKLENMEYEN SONU I passed all my exams although I did not study AMA She killed her husband so that she could get all the money

herself USUL The boy seemed as if somebody teased him. ZITLIK Where as mary is rich, John is poor KOUL Ypu will be hired if you meet all the qualificatins Bu liste size fikir vermesi iin bir zet tablo niteliindedir. Clause bilgisi olmadan ve clause'lar etkili kullanmadan ileri dzey bir ngilizce seviyesinden bahsedilemez. Clause konularn tek tek almalsnz ve bol bol soru zmelisiniz.

KPDS VE DS SORU TPLERNE GRE SINIFLANDIRMA VE SORU SAYILARI

KPDS ve DS snavlarna hazrlanmaya balamadan nce soru tiplerinin neler olduuna bakmal ve ona gre hazrlk yapmalyz. Bu tr ngilizce yeterlilik snavlarnda adaylara farkl blmlerde farkl soru tipleri sorularak, gramer bilgisi, kelime bilgisi, kavrama yetisi ve yorum yapma yetenekleri zamanla doru orantl bir ekilde lclr. Dier makalelerde de belirttiim gibi, snava hazrlanrken her blm tek tek ele almal ve bu blmlerle ilgili soru trlerini zdkten sonra genel deneme snavlarna geilmelidir. Hangi blmde ne kadar baarl ve baarsz olduunuzu bilirseniz hem hazrlk aamasna nereye arlk vereceinizi belirlersiniz, hem de snav srasnda oyalanmamanz gereken ksmlar nceden biliyor olursunuz. KPDS ve DS Soru Trleri ve Saylar u ekildedir:

SORU TP

KPDS SORU DS SORU SAYISI SAYISI 8 (TM KELME SORULARI) 17 10 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 25 100 SORU 8 (TM KELME SORULARI) 15 12 3 3 5 5 5 YOK YOK 24 80 SORU

KELME BLGS GRAMER SORULARI CMLE TAMAMLAMA EVR - ngilizce / Trke EVR - Trke / ngilizce PARAGRAF TAMAMLAMA ANLAM BTNLN BOZAN CMLE KARILIKLI KONUMA (DYALOG) DURUMA UYGUN DEN FADEY BULMA E ANLAMLI CMLEY BULMA (RESTATEMENT) OKUMA VE ANLAMA PARAGRAF SORULARI TOPLAM

PARAGRAF SORULARININ ZM LE LGL TAKTKLER VE UYARILAR

Paragraf sorularnda, klasik olarak bahsedilen ifadeler hep paragraf okuduktan sonra aklnzda oluturduunuz eyleri seeneklere

yanstmanz olmutur. Ancak paragrafnda ayn gramer sorularnda olduu gibi kendine has kurallar vardr. Bunlar u balklar altnda toplayabiliriz: Paragraf okurken kelime gruplar olarak zarf, sfat ve fiillere dikkat etmemiz gerekmektedir. nk bizden istenilen bu kelime gruplarn ya e anlamls olur, ya ngilizce anlam olur ya da zt anlamlsnn olumsuz hali olur. rnek: Non-fiction stories are concerned with real events and characters. What is included in the non-fiction stories is not imaginary events and characters. The main function of fictional works is to entertain readers. Fictional works aim at enabling readers to spend their time joyously or pleasurably. Unknown things arouse great interest in us. We are interested in the things we are not familiar with. Snavlarda sorulan paragraf sorular, o sorular yazan kiilere gre deiiklik gsterebilir. zellikle kpds ve ds snavlarnda yneltilen paragraf sorular bunu aka ortaya koymaktadr. Dikkat edeceimiz tek nemli unsur, cmleleri okurken sadece cmleleri Trkeye evirmek deildir. renciler sadece Trkeye evirmektedir ancak bu cmleleri akllarnda yorumlamamaktadrlar. Yapmamz gereken ilem evirdiimiz cmleye demek ki ya da yani diyerek yorum yapmaktr. nk bu sorular yazarken retmen arkadalar da ayn eyi yapmaktadrlar. rnek verecek olursak; Both students and teachers can easily understand a play without necessarily watching it being played. One can understand from the passage that not only the students but also the teachers dont have to watch the performance of the play if they want to understand it. Parada verilen cmlede necessarily ifadesi bize oyunlar anlamak iin illaki onlarn sahnelenirken seyretmek zorunda olmadmz karmn salamaktadr. Dier nemli bir hususta, rencilerin srekli kelime almas yapmas gerekmektedir. Kelime almas nedir? Okunulan her materyalde geen zarf, sfat ve fiillerin sadece Trke anlamn ezberlemek deil, bu kelimelerin bizi asl nereye gtrdne dikkat etmemiz gerekmektedir. Bu yzden bir paragraf defteri tutmakta fayda vardr. Bu defterde, paralar konularna gre ayrmamz gerekmektedir. rnein, sanayi inklab ile alakal paray zetleyerek deftere yazlmal ve arkasndan bu parada geen kelimelerin listesi yaplmaldr. Bu sayede kelimeler aklmzda dosyalama sistemiyle kalacaktr ve ayn zamanda bu kelimeler ile ilgili aklmzda cmle kalacaktr. Bir kelimeyi tek bana ezberlememeliyiz. Paralarda verilen yzdelik dilimler ve rakamsal ifadeler de ok nemlidir. Trke paragraflarda paragrafn tamam ile ilgili sorular sorulurken biz bir tek kelimeye gre soru sorabiliriz. %100 all/whole/entire/complete %90 most/much/many %75 more than half %50 half %25 less than half %10 little, only a little, few, only a few, almost no %0 no/none Dikkat edecek olursak genellikle bu yzdelik dilimler paralarda verilir. Ve biz bunlar karlarnda yazan ifadelerle seeneklerde veririz. rnek: In the community of Arabian ghettos, women carry the 90 percentage of burden at home. In Arabian ghettos, there are few things that men do at home. Bu cmlede erkekler olmamasna ramen biz doru cevapta erkekleri veriyoruz nk evdeki sorumluluun yzde 90 nn kadnlar yapyorsa geriye kalan yzde 10 nunu da erkekler yapar karmn yapabiliriz. Sonu olarak cmle zerinde karm almas yapmak gerekmektedir. Aadaki cmlelerde karm almas yapabiliriz. While walking along the river, he saw berries in the water. He dived down for them, but was stunned when he unexpectedly struck the bottom. There he lay for quite a while, and when he recovered consciousness and looked up, he saw the berries hanging on a tree just above him. 1) As the writer of the paragraph implies (suggest) that, One can infer (determine) from the passage that, It can be easily inferred (suggested) from the passage that the man couldn`t get the berries upon the river because __________ . A) the berries are at the bottom of the river. B) the man was paralysed for having bombed his head on the bottom of the river.

C) the man saw the berries reflected rather than actually floating in the water. D) he didn`t know how to swim in a river. E) he didn`t understand whether the berries were real or not. 2) A star very similar to the sun is one of the nearest star to Earth. That star is Alpha Centauri, just 4.3 light-years away. Other than our own Sun, the nearest star to the Earth is a tiny red star, not visible without a telescope, called Proxima Centauri. It can be inferred from this passage that ____________ . A) Proxima Centauri is similar to the Earths Sun. B) Proxima Centauri is the furthest star to the Earth. C) Alpha Centauri is invisible from the Earth. D) Proxima Centauri is less than 4.3 light-years from the Earth. E) Proxima Centauri is larger than the star Alpha Centauri. 3) A metal-worker of 3,000 years ago would recognize virtually every step of the lost-wax process used to cast titanium for jet engines. A) Titanium has been forged for thousands of years. B) The lost-wax method of casting is very old. C) Metal working has changed very little in 3,000 years. 4) When apple growers talk about new varieties of apples, they dont mean something developed last month, last year, or even in the last decade. A) Apple growers havent developed any new varieties in recent decades. B) Some varieties of apples can be developed in a short time, but others take a long time. C) New varieties of apples take many years to develop.

5) Blood cholesterol used to be thought of as a problem only for adults. A) Blood cholesterol is no longer a problem for adults. B) Only children have a problem with blood cholesterol. C) Blood cholesterol affects both adults and children. Aadaki paralar znz. With William Shakespeare, English drama reaches its greatest heights. Despite many stories surrounding him, facts about his life are few. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon, where his birthplace has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in Britain. In 1582, he married Ann Hathaway, by whom he had three children. Of the next ten years of his life we know very little. For reasons unknown to us, he set off for London to become an actor and try his hand at play-writing. His attempts, apparently, were successful enough, for in 1598 he is referred to as one of Englands leading dramatists. 1) As is pointed out in the passage, William Shakespeare __________. A) obviously gained a great success in play-writing as a result of his endeavours in London B) departed from London in 1592 in order to try his chance at play-writing C) fell through his trials at play-writing in London D) realised his ambition to become a successful playwright but was not recognized by the critics E) was exposed to many criticisms by the leading dramatists in those days 2) One can easily understand from the passage that ____________. A) the presence of Shakespeare helped Stratford-on-Avon become the most popular tourist attraction B) Shakespeare couldnt take his place among pioneer dramatists though he made many attempts C) there are many rumours about Shakespeares life and much is unknown about him D) during the late 17th century, Shakespeare proved to become the most popular dramatist E) Shakespeare clearly got married more than once during his life-span 3) Much of the passage is devoted to _______. A) the reasons why Shakespeare chose London to try his chance at play-writing B) the period of English drama in the early 15th century C) how Stratford-on-Avon became a tourist attraction D) the criteria Shakespeare took into consideration while writing his plays E) the biography of William Shakespeare and his contribution to English drama During the second half of the 18th century, the stability of the Augustan Age was gradually lost in a period of social change and

growing unrest. The Industrial Revolution was turning England from an agricultural nation into an industrial one, and large numbers of farm workers were forced to seek employment in the new factories in the towns, which often resulted in long hours and miserable working conditions for those who were lucky enough to find a job there and poverty and wretchedness for those who were not. The period of industrialisation brought wealth and prosperity to the country at large, but the enthusiasm with which it was received by some people was not shared by all. 4) It is clear from the passage that during the transition from Augustan Age to Industrialisation period, ___________. A) the farmers didnt have any trouble adapting to the conditions of industrial age B) both the employed and the unemployed suffered from the disturbance in one form or another C) a great majority of farmers were lucky to find a job in the factories D) the social unrest could be settled with the aid of new factories E) the rank of all the farmers was raised to a higher level 5) It is suggested in the passage that between the year 1750 and 1799 ________. A) there happened an abrupt change in the social structure B) all people were leading their lives by working in the factories during the Augustan Age C) the healthy system of the Augustan Age was spoilt step by step because of the alterations in the society D) the farming-based system was available under the Industrial Revolution E) many farmers were made redundant by the authorities under the Industrial Age rule 6) The writer of the passage argues that _____. A) the abundance of money made all the people content in the Industrial Age B) during the Augustan Age new factories were merely erected in England C) the amount of unemployment was highly low during even early Industrial Age D) not everybody was satisfied with the conditions of Industrial Age E) a large number of people were made redundant in the late Industrial Age It started out to be a simple exploratory operation. Then, suddenly, the patients heart stopped. Her brain waves started levelling off. The medical team immediately began emergency treatment to try to start the heart again. At last the chief surgeon announced that the patient had died. Minutes later, much to almost everyones amazement, the dead patient came back to life. Her heart started, and her brain waves began to assume normal patterns. Later she told the doctors that she had been fully aware of everything that had happened while dead. She believed that she came back to life because she wanted so badly to live longer. She said death was not frightening, but she wasnt ready to go yet. The experts admit that they have no satisfactory explanations for these near-death experiences (NDE). 7) As it is pointed out in the passage, the astonishment of the surgeons during the operation ____________. A) was caused by the mere fact that the patients heart stopped beating B) is not an uncommon situation all over the world C) is partly due to the revival of the patient D) turned into the feeling that some miraculous hand gave life to the dead patient E) was still lasting even though ten years passed after the date of the operation 8) One can easily understand from the passage that only a few surgeons during the operation ________. A) were able to explain satisfactorily how the patient could turn back to life B) believed that the patient really died C) knew how to resurrect a dead body D) carried on the operation after the chief surgeon declared the death of the patient E) did not get surprised by the fact that the patient turned back to life from death 9) It is clear from the passage that the experts ___________. A) do not have any explanations about the phenomenon of NDE B) were all relieved when the patient informed that death is not frightening C) finally found out how to resurrect a dead person after that operation D) have some explanations about NDE that are not based on a reasonable stem E) all changed their prejudices about the phenomenon of NDE Perhaps you think of Pinocchio's Blue Fairy, the Good Witch of the West from The Wizard of Oz, or Peter Pan's Tinkerbell when you imagine a fairy. But in fact, fairies don't like to be seen by people at all. These tiny creatures can appear and disappear in the blink of an eye. You may never know if you've seen one or not! But you can be sure of one thing: there is a wealth of fascinating myth about these little people who can vanish at will. 10) It is suggested in the passage that fairies ___________. A) want to appear in the sight of people in Peter Pans Tinkerbell B) enjoy being observed by people very much

C) have existed from the very beginning of the universe D) are thought to be beneficial to human beings thanks to Pinocchio's Blue Fairy E) are notorious for causing the sleeping patterns of people to be spoilt 11) The writer of the passage tries to assure us that ___________. A) what is told about the presence of fairies is a certain reality B) there are many fallacies about fairies being able to disappear whenever they want C) there is a lot of information about fairies, all of which can be regarded as accurate D) the unique resource about the fairies is available in The Wizard of Oz E) fairies are known to be invaluable friends for the human being 12) It is apparent from the passage that fairies __________. A) are striking creatures that move very slowly B) are rather different from ghosts in that they want to help people very much C) never refuse to accept any offer coming from children D) are creatures that are too small to be noticed E) have taken their places only in stories or films The environment is something you are very familiar with. It's everything that makes up our surroundings and affects our ability to live on the earththe air we breathe, the water that covers most of the earth's surface, the plants and animals around us, and much more. In recent years, scientists have been carefully examining the ways that people affect the environment. They have found that we are causing air pollution, deforestation, acid rain, and other problems that are dangerous both to the earth and to ourselves. These days, when you hear people talk about the environment, they are often referring to the overall condition of our planet, or how healthy it is. 13) As it is stated in the passage, such problems as air pollution, deforestation and acid rain __________. A) constitute a jeopardy for not only the earth but also the human beings B) merely led to the extinction of some certain animal species C) prove how indifferent we have become to the innovations made by the scientists D) are the most important issues that scientists are dealing with these days E) have already deteriorated most of our environment very much 14) It is implied in the passage that when influencing our environment, _________. A) we only place a harmful impact on the freshness of water B) we effect important strides in the general condition of the earth C) we also give harm to the plants and animals around us D) we become responsible for the destruction of most of the vegetation E) fortunately, we do not induce much harm to other things in it 15) This passage is mainly concerned with _________. A) how the water is being polluted by the people B) why some animal species have gone extinct C) what people mean while talking about the environment D) the known condition of air we inhale now E) the general meaning of the word environment and how it is affected Basque language is the tongue of uncertain relationship spoken by close to a million people, most of whom live in North-East Spain and some of whom reside in South-West France. The language has eight dialects. Speakers of Basque are for the most part bilingual, and there are many Basques who do not speak the language. Basque is definitely not an Indo-European tongue. Some scholars believe it is descended from Aquitanian, which was spoken on the Iberian Peninsula and in South Gaul in ancient times. Other linguists think Basque is akin to the Caucasian languages and suggest that its speakers came from Asia Minor to Spain and Gaul c.2000 B.C. 16) On reading the passage, we can easily say that ____________. A) Basque language is widely spoken by the people living in France B) there is no idea on the origin of Basque language approved by all the scholars C) the number of people speaking Basque language was very high in the past D) Aquitanian language is thought to have derived from Basque language E) people living in South-West France no longer use the Basque language 17) It is clear from the passage that _________. A) Caucasian languages are proved to be rather different from Basque language B) more than one million people speak Basque language all over the world C) Basque certainly takes the place in the group of Indo-European tongue

D) the eight dialects of Basque language are rather different from one another E) a majority of Basques do not use their native language 18) One of the points made about the Basque language is that ___________. A) people speaking Basque language are cut off from the world in terms of communication B) people living in both North-East Spain and South-West France dislike speaking Basque language C) we know for certain that it does not originate from Indo-European group D) the origin of Basque natives is Spain and Gaul E) the number of people who speak Aquitanian language is almost one million Its easy to understand how a bird can fly its lightweight and has wings. But how does a huge airplane get off the ground? The planes engine pushes the plane forward. As it moves, air flowing around the wings creates lift. The lift increases as the plane gathers speed. The plane takes off once theres enough lift to overtake gravity. When the plane is in the air, thrust from the engines incessantly pushes the plane forward. 19) The writer of the passage points out that ___________. A) speed is the main factor in enabling a huge airplane to fly B) only the engine helps an airplane to take off C) a airplane can take off even without speeding on the ground D) the flying of birds inspired the manufacturers to produce an airplane E) all the birds dont need to speed up while on the ground

20) According to the writer of the passage, ___________. A) nobody has extensively analysed how a bird can fly so far B) how a big airplane can fly cannot be explained as simply as how a bird can fly C) the way a bird can fly is entirely similar to the way an airplane can fly D) how a huge airplane can fly is still a mystery for everybody E) all bird species are not subject to the phenomenon of gravity 21) It is clear from the passage that while in the air, a plane __________. A) constantly feeds on the force of its engine B) does not benefit from its engine C) makes use of its engine on and off D) adjusts the power of its engine according to the amount of clouds E) glides with the help of wings after stopping its engine

1) NGLZCE TENSLER NASIL ALIILIR ?

Bir Gramer kitabn elinize aldnzda nce gznz korkabilir. Grdm kadar ile hemen hemen herkesin aklna u sorular geliyor: >> Bu kadar fazla gramer konusu ierisinden hangileri ile balamalym? >> Hangi gramer konularna daha fazla arlk vermeliyim ? >> Hangi gramer kitab en iyisi? Bir tane kitap yeterli mi? >> Ben bu ii tek bama baaramam. En iyisi zel ders alaym Bu sorular gibi aklnza gelen sorunlar eminim daha da fazladr. Kendi balarna ngilizce almak isteyenler iin hazrlam olduum "ngilizce Snav Teknikleri" kitabmdan baz alntlar yaparak sizlere yardmc olmaya alacam. (Seviyenin Orta ve st olduunu dnerek yazdm) 1) TO BE nce VERB "TO BE" ile aranzdaki sorunu halledin. Yani " be" fiilinin durum gsteren bir yardmc fiil olduunu bilin ve tam olarak nasl kullanldn iyi renin. Trkiye'de en ok allan konu olduu iin sorun olacan sanmyorum. 2) VERB TENSE'LER ALIIN Verb Tense'ler yani zamanlar bir ka ekilde almalsnz. nce tek tek elinizdeki kitabn verdii sra ile gidin ve her tensin yapsn renip hangi zaman zarflar ile kullanldn aln. Her tense konusu bittikten sonra unlar zet olarak kartn: >> Yaps: Zaman zarflar nedir? / fiil yaps nedir ( have v3 / has v3), Hangi Zaman Cmlelileri kullanlr? Neler asla kullanlmaz? >> Anlam: Hangi anlamlar veriyor. (balad, bitti, balayacak, balam olacak) . nce - Sonra ilikisi mi var yoksa olaylar bu tense de ayn zamanda m olur?. Hangi durumlarda kullanlr?

rnein: Past Perfect Tense Yap: Gemite 2 olay olmal. Bu iki olayda NCE - SONRA sras olmal: had v3, v2 >> We had eaten before he arrived home.

NEML ! Tense leri tek tek altktan sonra onlar gruplayn!!! te bu aamada Kullandnz Gramer Kitab ok nemli. Eer gramer kitabnz aada gsterdiim snflandrmay yapma ise siz yapn. Tensleri 2 ekilde gruplayarak almalsnz: ZAMANLARINA GRE SINIFLANDIRMA GEM ZAMAN (PAST TENSES) Simple Past Tense Past continious Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense MDK ZAMAN (PRESENT TENSES) Simple Present Tense Present Continious Tense Present Perfect Tense Present perfect Continious Tense GELECEK ZAMAN (FUTURE TENSES) Simple Future Tense Future Continious Tense Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

TENSE YAPISINA GRE SINIFLANDIRMA >> Simple Tenslerin zellikleri >> Continious Tenslerin zellikleri >> Perfect Tenslerin zellikleri >> Perfect Continious Tenslerin zellikleri Bu ekilde yapacanz bir alma ile hem tenseleri ok iyi bilecek, hem de ngilizce snavlarda hi bir soruyu karmayacaksnz.

KELME SORULARI NASIL ZLR?

Snavlardaki kelime sorularn 3 balk altnda deerlendirebiliriz. Anlama dayal kelime sorular: Bu sorularda bolukta bizden istenen kelimenin ya e anlamls ya da kelimenin aklamas ya da istenen kelimeyi gerektiren durum cmle ierisinde bize verilmektedir. Bu yzden bu sorularda cmlenin tamamna hkim olmamz gerekmektedir. Ayn zamanda sorulan kelime tr de bizim iin nemlidir. rnein seeneklerde verilen zarflardan hangisi cmlede verilen hangi fiili nitelemektedir. rnek: More women are entering ________ male jobs and it is a clear fact that these jobs are losing their convention in that matter. relatively fortunately traditionally spectacularly recklessly Aklama: Bu soruda and den sonra verilen ksmda bu ilerin bu anlamda geleneklerini kaybettii ifadesi verilmektedir, bu yzden doru cevabmz C seeneidir. Kalba dayal kelime sorular: Bu tr kelime sorularnda, boluk iin verilen seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi anlam olarak uyabilir ancak ngilizce asndan kalp olduu iin buraya sadece tek bir seenek uygun olacaktr. rnek: There are many literary figures who went further in their educations with the _________ to study a branch of science, but they all ended up being interested in literature.

association remark emotion sentiment intention Aklama: Bu soruda, with the intention to kalb sorulduundan bu sorunun cevab E seeneidir. Prepositiona dayal kelime sorular: Bu tr kelime sorularnda, bize boluktan sonra bir preposition verilir. Anlam olarak dier seenekler sorulsa da bir tek seenek sadece bu preposition almaktadr. rnek: According to new regulations of Turkish television broadcasting, films _______ on horror and violence can only be aired after midnight. interested based enthusiastic concerned regarded Aklama: Bu soruda, boluktan sonra verilen on preposition sadece based iin uygundur. Bu yzden doru cevabmz B seeneidir.

Cloze Test sorular nasl zlr?

lk nce bu soru trnn snavlara neden konulduunun cevabn renelim. Daha nceki snavlarda rencinin kelimenin doru halini bilip bilmedii sorulamyordu. Yani kelimenin sfat, zarf, fiil ve isim halini sorulamyordu. Gramerdeki belli bal yaplar sorulamyordu. rnein, gerund/infinitive, baz fiillerin zel durumlar (help sb to do sth, help sb do sth, help to do sth, help do sth) vb. Bu sorularda nemli olan unsur parann tamamn anlamak deildir. Boluun verildii cmleyi anlamak yeterlidir. Eer bize bala soruluyorsa iki ayr cmleyi de anlamak gerekmektedir. Bu sorularda yer alan kelime sorular this, that, these, those, the, another, other gibi kalplarn arkasndan gelen kelimeler sorulur. nk bu kelimeler bir nceki cmleye gnderme yapar. Baz kelimelerin birbirleriyle sk kullanm bize sorulabilir. Sfat cmleciklerinin daha farkl trleri bize sorulabilir. Boluktan sonra yer alan preposition (ilgeler)e dayal kelime sorular bize sorulabilir. Phrasal verbs konusunda eitli sorular sorulabilir. Many/some people think . . Others bize sorulabilir. Ancak para olarak yer ald iin aradaki cmleler uzun olabilir. Not only(just,merely,solely) .. but also / not only . but .. as well / not only . but . too / not only . but ya da neither . nor / either . or / both .. and yaplar sorulabilir. Ancak bu yaplarn arasnda kullanlan ifadeler uzun olabilir ve bu yzden cmleleri iyi takip etmek gerekmektedir. Bu sorunun bir dier zellii ok basit bir ifadeyi bile bize sorabilir ancak karmak bir formda sunarak bize sorar. Bu sorular rahat bir ekilde cevaplayabilmek iin bol bol para almas yapmamz gerekmektedir. Okuduumuz her cmleyi gramer ve kelime olarak incelemeliyiz. Aadaki cloze teste bir gz atalm.

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803- 1882 ) was a sage, not a scientist, but he was more keenly interested in the scientific advances of his day than is commonly realized . One of his early aspirations was to be "a naturalist", and he started his career (21).. a lecturer- essayist by giving talks on natural science, (22) one focused on the chemical composition of water. (23) .. Emerson went on to make his mark primarily in the areas of literature, religion, philosophy and social reform,* he remained an eager lifelong student of both traditional and contemporary natural and social science. To date, however, this side of Emerson's thought and life (24) .only a handful of significant scholarly discussions. Emerson's life in science is the best of books (25).. this aspect of Emerson that have marked the bicentennial of his birth, and it is one that will endure. (2004 kpds cloze test) Tipik bir biografi paragraf. Bu tip paralarda sorulan kelime ve yaplar bellidir. Birbirlerine ok benzeyen paralar olduu iin sorulan sorularda aa yukar ayndr. 21. a) more b) so c) such d) as [kariyerine konferans olarak balad] e) only 22. a) describing b) including [ieren ifadesi arada on natural science olmasna ramen talks ifadesini nitelemektedir] c) considering d) intending e) defining 23. a) although [Seeneklerde verilen tek iki ayr cmleyi birbirine balayan yap -e ramen] *buradaki virgl iki cmleyi birbirinden ayrmaktadr ve bu bala sadece balayabilir. b) therefore c) so that d) but e) since 24. a) should attract b) is attracting c) will attract d) has attracted [to date u ana kadar anlam verir ve present perfect kullanm gerektirmektedir. Normalde gramer kitaplarnda bu yapy gremezsiniz ancak paralarda grebilirsiniz.] e)had attracted 25. a) to b) for c) on [hakknda anlam veren bir preposition] d) with e) at

Aadaki cloze testleri cevaplandrnz. Virtual Reality (VR) is the term used __(1)__ computer simulations of reality which are very __(2)__ to real-life experience. To enter VR, you __(3)__ a special headset, or head-mounted display (HMD) which allows you to see three-dimensional, computer-generated images. You also hear sound effects and wear a special glove, __(4)__, like the HMD, is connected to the computer. This glove allots you to __(5)__ the objects that you see and to have some sense of touch. 1) A) to describing B) to describe C) describes D) describing E) described 2)

A) different B) same C) distinct D) like E) similar 3) A) put on B) wear out C) call off D) do up E) add up 4) A) that B) where C) which D) who E) when 5) A) render B) manipulate C) hinder D) emaciate E) deprive The Romans built hundreds of miles of aqueducts that __(6)__ the population with a generous supply of fresh water, __(7)__ more than 200 million gallons a day for the city of Rome. The city provided public baths, toilets, and more than a thousand public fountains for the poor __(8)__ today direct pipelines __(9)__ the villas of the wealthy. Sewers and organized garbage collections made imperial Rome __(10)__ healthier than other cities of antiquity. 6) A) enabled B) provided C) allowed D) allotted E) let 7) A) including B) included C) having been included D) having included E) includes 8) A) before B) soon after C) until D) while E) when 9) A) had served B) serve C) served D) were serving E) serves 10) A) more

B) quite C) much D) fairly E) pretty

In the early 19th century Sir Henry Morton made his fortune __(11)__ tea and coffee. He used his money to build up a magnificent private art collection. __(12)__ he died, in 1842, he __(13)__ all his paintings and sculptures in a small museum which was open to the public. In his last will and testament, he left money for the maintenance of the museum. __(14)__ the terms of the will, nothing in the museum must __(15)__ be sold and entrance to the museum must be free. 11) A) to import B) by importing C) imports D) having been imported E) imported 12) A) Just before B) When C) After D) Until E) Whereas 13) A) puts B) had put C) is putting D) put E) has put 14) A) Despite B) Thus C) Accordingly D) According to E) Therefore 15) A) never B) by far C) ever D) as ever E) whatsoever

Aristotle was born in Macedonia in 384 B.C., the son of a physician. __(16)__ a boy he was educated in that country as his father __(17)__ to the royal Court of the Macedonian king. At 17 he went to Athens __(18)__ he spent the next 20 years. He was Plato's pupil for the first few years. He was a member of the Academy but not __(19)__ in residence. In 342 he undertook

the tutorship of Alexander, then 13 years of age, son of Philip, King of Macedonia. He continued this responsibility for three years __(20)__ time Alexander became regent of the Kingdom as his father was absent on military duties. When Alexander succeeded his father (335 B.C.), Aristotle continued as his counselor and friend. Aristotle returned shortly to Athens and created a new school and center of learning called the Lyceum. 16) A) As B) Like C) Though D) Since E) In spite of 17) A) is attached B) was attached C) attached D) has been attached E) will be attached 18) A) when B) which C) whose D) at which E) where 19) A) continuous B) continuity C) continuously D) continued E) continuing 20) A) for which B) when C) where D) at which E) that The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was established in May 1927 as a non-profit corporation to __(21)__ the art of movie making. In the first year, the Academy had 36 members, __(22)__ Douglas Fairbanks Sr as president. The first Academy Awards, now better known as the Oscars, __(23)__ at a private dinner in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, with less than 250 persons attending. Today, the Academy has over 6 000 honorary members - the Oscar Awards __(24)__ by more than a billion people on television. The first television broadcast of the Oscars took place in 1953 - on black and white TV, telecast throughout the US and Canada. Telecasting in colour begun in 1966, and __(25)__ 1969, the Oscars have been telecast throughout the world. By the mid-1990s it was telecast in over 100 countries. 21) A) diminish B) swear C) verdict D) relinquish E) promote 22) A) for B) with C) by D) on E) from

23) A) presented B) presenting C) was presented D) were presented E) are presented 24) A) were viewed B) had been viewed C) viewed D) view E) are viewed 25) A) since B) for C) after D) before E) within Cupid has always played a role in the celebrations of love. Those __(26)__ hearts are pierced by his arrows fall deeply in love. In Greek mythology he was known as Eros, the young son of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty. To the Romans, he was Cupid, son of Venus. But where theres love, there often is jealousy. Venus was __(27)__ of the beauty of Psyche, a mere mortal, and ordered Cupid to punish her for being so beautiful. __(28)__, Cupid fell deeply in love and took her as his wife. As a mortal Psyche, she was forbidden to look at him. Eventually, her sisters convinced her to look at the handsome Cupid. As punishment, Venus demanded that she __(29)__ three difficult tasks, the last of which caused Psyche's death. Cupid found her lifeless on the ground and removed the eternal sleep from her body. The gods, __(30)__ by their love, then granted Psyche immortality. 26) A) who B) whose C) which D) where E) that 27) A) remarkable B) famous C) noteworthy D) humble E) jealous 28) A) Therefore B) Instead C) As a result of D) Although E) Nevertheless 29) A) performs B) performed C) perform D) performing E) has performed 30) A) moving B) to move C) having moved

D) to be moved E) moved In the not-so-distant future, the hand tightening bolts during space structure assembly __(31)__ not be human. Tomorrow's astronauts will find themselves working __(32)__ in space with human-like robots called "Robonauts." And while the faceless machines might look a little strange, these Robonauts are really quite sensitive. Don't expect to see them making the rounds on the talk-show circuit discussing their feelings, __(33)__. Their kind of sensitivity is strictly high-tech. Now the technology bringing these Space-Age helpers to life __(34)__ also at work in some surprising places. One common element drives these innovations, __(35)__ on Earth and in space: sensors. 31) A) must B) might C) had to D) should have E) would 32) A) at all costs B) over and above C) on and on D) side by side E) from all accounts 33) A) though B) although C) thus D) hence E) but 34) A) are B) was C) is D) were E) had been 35) A) either B) neither C) not only D) not E) both

Experts believe that, with SAD, depression is __(36)__ triggered by the brain's response to decreased daylight exposure. No one really understands how and why this happens. Current theories __(37)__ what causes SAD focus on the role that sunlight might play in the brain's production of key hormones. Experts think that two specific chemicals in the brain, melatonin and serotonin, may __(38)__ in SAD. These two hormones __(39)__ regulate a person's sleepwake cycles, energy, and mood. Shorter days and longer hours of darkness in fall and winter may cause increased levels of melatonin and decreased levels of serotonin, __(40)__ the biological conditions for depression. 36) A) somewhat B) somehow C) somewhere D) nohow E) nowhere 37)

A) onto B) from C) on D) about E) within 38) A) involve B) have involved C) to be involved D) be involving E) be involved 39) A) assist B) aid C) help D) allow E) allocate 40) A) creating B) having created C) created D) to create E) creates

Cloze test cevap anahtar

1.B 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.E 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.D 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.E 19.C 20.D 21.E 22.B 23.D 24.E 25.A 26.B 27.E 28.B 29.C 30.E 31.B 32.D 33.A 34.C 35.E 36.B 37.D 38.E 39.C 40.A

VERLEN CMLEYE ANLAMCA EN YAKIN FADEY BULMAK

Aada rneklendirdiiim gibi bu soru tipinde sizden verilen cmleye anlam bakmndan en yakn olan seenein hangisi olduunu bulmanz isteniyor. Bir cmlenin benzer anlam yani tekrar ifade edilmesine " Restatement" denir. Tekrar ifade etmek yani restatement farkl ekillerde yaplabilir: >> Gramer yapsn deitirerek: rnein Active - Passive deiiklii yaparak >> E anlaml kelimleler kullanarak >> Benzer balalar kullanarak: r: Although yerine Eventhough kullanarak. >> Sadeletirmeler Kullanarak: r: If we do not hurry, we will be late = We had better hurry, otherwise we will be late ( IF yerine Otherwise) Yukarda verdimi maddelere daha fazla rnek verilebilir. Bu konularda detayl anlatmlar ileride sitede ve kitabmzda bulacaksnz

NELER YAPMAK GEREKL >> Herley deiir ama TENSE DEMEZ !. Verilen cmle ile sizden istenen seenein zaman (TENSE) ayn olmak zorundandr. O zaman sorudaki zamanla rtmeyen seenekleri hemen eleyebilirsiniz. >> Sorunun sizden ne istediine dikkat edin " Anlamca En Yakn Cmle" isteniyor. Yani bire bir ayns istenmiyor. Bundan dolay verilen cmlenin tpa tp ayns seeneklerde olmayabilir. Kafanz karmasn. >> Bu soru tipi ile ba edebilmek iin kelime renmeniz gerekmiyor. Ancak gramer bilginiz iyi olmal. Adverb Clasue, Modal, Tense, Adjective ve Noun Clause'larn eitleri hakknda bilgi sahibi olmalsnz. Bu konularda zet ders notlarn yaknda sitede bulacaksnz.

RNEK: 1) Steven was accused of starting the fire that burned down the two factory buildings. A) It is certain that the fire that had burned down the two factory buildings was started by Steven. B) Although they had no proof, Steven was the one suspected of starting the fire which burned down the two factory buildings. C) The accusations against Steven were dropped after the two buildings burned down at the factory. D) They accused Steven after they had proof that the two factory buildings had been burned down. E) Steven denied the accusation that he had started the fire that burned down the two factory buildings. VERLEN CMLENN YAKIN ANLAMINI BULMA 1) Steven was accused of starting the fire that burned down the two factory buildings. A) It is certain that the fire that had burned down the two factory buildings was started by Steven. B) Although they had no proof, Steven was the one suspected of starting the fire which burned down the two factory buildings. C) The accusations against Steven were dropped after the two buildings burned down at the factory. D) They accused Steven after they had proof that the two factory buildings had been burned down. E) Steven denied the accusation that he had started the fire that burned down the two factory buildings. 2) The computer indicated that there was a virus in the disk which had just been placed into it. A) The virus was indicated for the computer to work correctly. B) The indications were that the computer had established a virus. C) The disk which was to be placed in the computer wanted a virus to work correctly. D) The disk which was in the computer stated that there was a virus in the computer. E) The computer noted that the disk which was placed into it had a virus. 3) The fees for the services of the pediatrician were extremely high. A) The services of the child's doctor were free. B) The cost of seeing the child specialist was very high. C) The doctor charged a fee for the services he rendered. D) The pediatrician is a children's doctor who charges great fees. E) The high quality of the pediatricians services was without cost. 4) What a shame that your cake fell off the table before we had a chance to taste it! A) It was a waste to attempt to taste the cake after it fell off the table. B) We were able to taste the delicious cake before it fell on the floor. C) It was unfortunate that we couldn't taste the cake before it fell off the table. D) The cake shamefully fell off the table after we tasted it. E) Your cake was very good when we tasted it before it fell on the floor. 5) The police warned everyone to lock their doors at night and not to let any strangers into their homes. A) The citizens were informed by the authorities that they should take precautions in protecting their homes and in dealing with strangers. B) It was necessary for people to prevent entry into their home by aliens. C) The strangers informed everyone to prevent entry into their homes by the police. D) The police were not allowing people to invite unusual or unknown people into their homes. E) Everyone was forbidden to lock their doors and to keep everyone they didn't know out of their homes until the criminals were

found. 6) Janice was foolish to attempt such a long trip in that broken down car. A) Janice's idea was not as good as we thought. B) Janice should have not decided on taking that car on a trip. C) If I were Janice, I would have thought twice about going on that long trip with that old car that needed repair. D) The broken car was going to be repaired if Janice could make the long trip to the garage. E) What a fool she is to think that the car is the right way to make such a trip. 7) She cautiously looked both ways before she crossed the street. A) After she crossed the street, she looked both ways. B) She looked both ways because she couldn't decide where to go. C) Carefully looking in both ways, she turned around and decided to cross the street. D) She crossed the street so that she could look both ways. E) Before she crossed the street, she carefully looked in both directions and then decided to cross. 8) The best treatment for flu is to rest in bed and to take plenty of fluids. A) Drinking large amounts of liquid and getting treatment are the best ways for flu. B) Flu is best treated with bed rest and large amounts of fluids to drink. C) I would like to have flu so I could rest in bed and have a drink once in a while. D) Resting in bed and taking frequent baths is the best way of treating flu. E) Flu is best treated with rest and drowning a fever. 9) The city council refused to give permission to the rock group for a performance in the stadium. A) The rock group wanted to perform in the stadium and asked the city council to give them permission. B) The city council wanted the rock group to perform in the stadium instead of the city. C) The rock group was not able to receive permission to perform in the stadium. D) The rock group's performance in the stadium was not funded by the city council. E) The rock group's refusal to perform in the stadium made the city council angry. 10) The attachment of the two young people to their professor proved to be valuable for both sides. A) They proved that it was valuable to attach the two young people to their professor. B) The two young people proved the value of the attachment between teacher and students. C) The professor asked to prove the worth of what the students had said to him. D) Establishing a trusting relationship between students and teachers can be worthwhile for all concerned. E) After the intimate relationship between the teacher and the students was proven, there were many people who felt they were no longer of any value. 11) The commercials on television caused many problems in families as young children cannot distinguish between what is presented and reality. A) Children have difficulty understanding the relationship between real life and the television commercials, but families educate them. B) Families sometimes want to live the lives they see on commercials because they would prefer the life they see on television to the life they really lead. C) Many problems are caused by television as children are often influenced by what is shown on commercials. D) The inability of children to distinguish between real life and television commercials has caused them to want what they should not have. E) Children cause their families a great many problems because they want to watch too much television. 12) The telephone conversation between the two sisters took approximately two hours. A) The sisters took the two telephones for two hours. B) The sisters talked on the phone for almost two hours. C) The telephone was busy for two hours before they could talk to each other. D) A conversation with my sister will take place in about two hours. E) It takes approximately two hours to have a conversation with my sister. 13) The rate of suicide in Japan is extremely high among young people. A) Young people in Japan like to commit suicide. B) The number of young people in Japan who kill themselves is great. C) The Japanese are highly interested in committing suicide. D) Japanese youths commit many more murders than in other countries. E) The high rate of suicide is only among the young of Japan. 14) Tristy was so disappointed about the job she wasn't able to get that she cried for several hours.

A) Depressed about the job she was unable to get, Tristy cried for a long time. B) Tristy wasn't all that disappointed about the job so she didn't cry all that long. C) Being upset about many things, she cried until she heard that she had got the new job. D) The job she had wanted wasn't all that good, as she later learned, so she was not all that disappointed. E) Getting a job wasn't important enough to cry about. 15) It was a rash of Susan and Mark to get married when they'd only known each other for a few weeks. A) As you know, Susan and Mark got married a few weeks ago, which was an insensible act for both of them. B) The fact that Susan and Mark got married was not a sensible decision for they had known one another for a short time. C) Susan and Mark decided to get married a few weeks before, but I think they are on the verge of a terrible mistake. D) If you ask my opinion, Susan and Mark should get married only after they have known each other sufficiently. E) Susan and Mark are married for only a few weeks, but they have already started to quarrel with one another. 16) It wasnt until my elder brother returned from Germany that my elder sister got married. A) After my elder sister had united her life with a man, my elder brother got back from Germany. B) My elder sisters marriage happened following the arrival of my elder brother. C) It was on the occasion of the arrival of my elder brother that my elder sister got married. D) My elder sisters marriage falls into the period when my elder brother came back from Germany. E) My elder brother decided to turn back from Germany because my elder sister was getting married. 17) Just as the student was concentrating on the lesson, his father distracted him by entering the room. A) Before the student started to study his lesson, his father entered the room and spoilt his concentration. B) While the student was trying to focus on the lesson, his father entered the room, but didnt utter any word. C) Although the father entered the room, his son continued to study his lesson. D) As the student was attempting to focus on the lesson, his father entered the room. E) The fathers entrance into the room prevented the student from focusing on the lesson. 18) The system had already got worse by the time the government took hold of it. A) The system fell into failure until the government made a solution for it. B) Although the system collapsed formerly, the government tried to solve it. C) When the government started to get interested in the situation, the system was also out of way. D) The system found way out of the terrible condition because the government had taken considerable precautions. E) The government took remarkable precautions, so the system got better and better. 19) The future of the man will be in great danger as long as he is obstinate in not giving up smoking. A) For the sake of the mans living in safe in the future, he needs to stop smoking. B) The mans health cannot recover from that situation even though he decides to quit smoking. C) As soon as the man makes up his mind and becomes decisive to stop smoking, he will turn back to his good days. D) Because the man is entirely stubborn in not avoiding cigarette, his future will always be in danger. E) The man needs somebody to dissuade him from smoking for the sake of his health. 20) The rain had become heavier by the time we left home, so we called off our plan for picnic. A) Until the rain started to pour down, we had already cancelled our plan for picnic. B) The downpour didnt cause any obstacle for our plan to have a picnic. C) When we set off for our picnic, the rain began to pour down, so we had to postpone it. D) The downpour prevented us from going for a picnic though we had already planned to. E) It was too late to have a decision because we had already arrived at the place of the picnic by the time the rain poured down. 21) He achieved worldwide fame after he released his first record. A) His first album brought him more fame than anyone could expect. B) He was already famous in his own country, but his first album helped him become renowned world over. C) His later album made a bigger contribution to his fame than the former ones D) By the time he produced his new songs for the album, he was popular enough thanks to the former ones. E) It was surprise to everybody that he gained popularity throughout the world with only one album. 22) If it hadnt been for my wife, I couldnt have overcome the problems in those days. A) But for my wife, things would have been much easier than lived. B) With the help of my wife I can still deal with the problems today. C) My wife was always standing beside me in those days; otherwise, I couldnt have overcome the problems. D) It wouldnt have made much difference if it hadnt been for my wife.

E) It was very important for me that my wife was always next to me, or lese, something would be different, now. 23) Be careful of the road for it is not the road it used to be. A) Beware of the road because it has been deformed very much since you last drove on it. B) I warn you about the road because it has changed recently. C) The road is so dangerous that it is inevitable for you to have an accident. D) As far as I know about the road, it has been exposed to many deformations. E) In the past, the road was more dangerous than today; so it will be safer. 24) In terms of modern standards, the houses which were built in the past are different from the ones which have been built recently. A) When we compare the houses with each other today, we come across several contrasts among them. B) By modern standards, the ancient houses are not entirely separated from the new ones. C) According to the modern standardization, there are some similarities among the new and ancient houses. D) By modern standards, the recent houses are distinguished from the ancient houses. E) What makes difference among the houses is their modern standards. 25) People think that the cars with high speed capacity can go on the slope road very fast. A) It is a generally assumption that a car with low capacity in speed may break out on the long distance. B) That the cars of high speed capacity can climb the mountainous road is a general idea of community. C) It doesnt matter in fact whether the car has high speed capacity or not for climbing the road. D) According to great majority of people, cars with high speed capacity can go on the slope very fast. E) The cars of high speed capacity are thought to be able to go fat on the slope. 26) When parents teach their children successful problem-solving skills, they provide tools that will help their children develop successful careers and personal relationships. A) The parents who aim at having their children acquire problem-solving skills are aware of the fact that these abilities contribute much to their careers in the future. B) Provided that the children are given the skills of solving problems by their parents, they will see the benefit of this in their career and personal relationship in the future. C) With the help of problem-solving skills will the children only be successful in their personal relationships and careers. D) It doesnt matter whether the children learn the problem-solving skills in developing their careers. E) When parents have their children acquire the problem-solving skills, these children will certainly be successful in their careers and personal relationships. 27) According to the last information, we are to take precautions where and when necessary. A) The recent information expects from us to take precautions in the urgent time and place. B) When and where it is essential, we were wanted to take precautions depending on the information. C) If we take care of the last information, we can say that we need to take some precautions. D) This recent information urges us that we should take precautions in the essential time. E) Wherever and whenever it is necessary, we have to take precautions for the last information. 28) I will not drive fast through the countryside so that I can get more pleasure from the beautiful view. A) Unlike the other times, I will be driving slowly in the lovely areas to appreciate the scenery. B) You cannot expect me to drive fast through the country which has a wonderful view. C) The more slowly I drive through this scenery, the more I might enjoy it. D) Most often, I slow my car or even pull over whenever I see a spectacular view. E) I will take my time driving in the countryside to enjoy the scenery better. 29) Much to Brians disappointment, most of the members were opposed to the new offer. A) That there were almost no members who supported the new offer made Brian very disillusioned. B) What disillusioned Brian was that the new offer was rejected by all the members. C) Brian was bitterly disappointed by the fact that the new offer was entirely rejected by the members. D) A majority of the members were disappointed by the fact that Brian did not support the new offer. E) There were many members who were opposed to Brians new offer, which aroused great disappointment. 30) No sooner had the plane departed for London than its engines all stopped working. A) One of the planes engines failed soon after it had taken off from London. B) The moment the plane left London, one of its engines ceased to work. C) Fortunately, the failure of the planes engines happened just before its take-off. D) The planes engines suddenly stopped just before it set out to London. E) Immediately after the plane had left for London, all its engines failed.

VERLEN CMLENN YAKIN ANLAMINI BULMA TEST1 CEVAP ANAHTARI 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.E 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.E 18.C 19.A 20.D 21.A 22.C 23.B 24.D 25.E 26.B 27.A 28.E 29.A 30.E

BR CMLENN ANLAMINI BULMA ANA FKR BELRLEME

Her dilde olduu gibi ngilizce'de de her bir cmlenin bir ana anlam vardr ve buna ana fikir denir. Elbette ki cmlelerin ierisinde bulunan farkl yaplar bize olaylar, kiiler, bulunulan yer ve zaman hakknda ek bilgiler verir, ancak her zaman iin KM - NE YAPTI sorusunun cevab tektir. Yani basite tekrar etmek gerekir ise; bir cmlenin bir znesi ve o znenin yapt bir i vardr. nce bunu anlamak gerekir. Ana fikri bulmak deyince ilk nce aklnza paragraf sorular veya okuma paralar gelebilir. Ama ben size burada cmlelerin ana fikirlerini bulmaktan daha ok bahsedeceim. nk grdm kadar ile ngilizce renmek iin ura verenlerin ve snavlara hazrlananlarn ou cmle baznda skntlar ekmektedir. Ve bu sebepten dolay da, okuma blmlerinde baarsz olmaktadr. Yukarda da bahsettiim gibi karnzdaki cmle ne kadar uzun ve karmak grnrse grnsn, sonuta basit tek bir anlam vardr. Ek bilgi veren yaplar ayrt edebilmek iin ngilizce gramer eitiminizi tamamlamanz gerekir. rnek: Basit zne ve yklem var. Ana fikir: ocuk adam grd zne ve fiil de birer sfat var ama temel anlam ayn. Ana fikir: ocuk adam grd zne ve fiil de ikier sfat var ama temel anlam ayn. Ana fikir: ocuk adam grd Cmlede ek olarak yer belirtilmi ama temel anlam ayn. Ana fikir: ocuk adam grd Cmlede ek olarak zaman belirtilmi ama temel anlam ayn. Ana fikir: ocuk adam grd

a) The boy saw the man

b) The young boy saw the old man

c) The naughty young boy saw the angry old man

d) The naughty young boy saw the angry old man in the room d) The naughty young boy saw the angry old man in the room yesterday

Yukardaki basit rneklerde de grlebilecei gibi, bir cmlenin temel anlam ierisine katlan dier bilgilere ramen deimemektedir. Cmleye ierisine giren sfatlar, zaman zarflar ve yer tamlamalar bize ek olarak nerede, nezaman, hangi zne hangi nesne gibi bilgiler verirler. Dilerseniz rneimizi biraz daha karmak hale getirelim. Basit bir cmle "CLAUSE" yani YAN CMLELER ile zenginletirilir. e) The boy whom I met in class A saw the man zne de bulunan ismin sonuna ve

whose mother lives next to us HE HIM

nesnenin sonuna birer ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (SIFAT CMLEC/ YAN CMLE) getirerek isimler hakknda ek bilgi verilmi. Ancak temel anlam ayn. Ana fikir: ocuk adam grd

e) The boy whom I met in class A saw the man whose mother lives next to us in the house where a terrible murder took place several years ago.

(E) rneindeki cmlenin sonuna uzun bir yer tamlamas ekleyerek yer ve o yerde olan ek bir olay hakknda da NOUN CLAUSE kullanlarak bilgi verilmi. Ama temel anlam ayn. Ana fikir: ocuk adam grd

rnekler ok daha fazla ekilde artrlabilinir. Cmle ierisine "accidentally gibi bir zarf yerletirilebilinir veya daha karmak grnen gramer yaplar eklenebilir ama unutmayn ki temel anlam hep ayndr. NEREDEN BALAMALIYIM ? 1) Gramer renin. Bunu sylemekten holanmyorum ama GRAMER (Dil Bilgisi) almadan cmlelerin iinden kmazsnz. Ama tm almanz da ngilizce gramer eitimi zerine kurmayn! 2) Kelime renin. Kelime renmeyi bilmek bile ayr bir bilim bence. Bu konuda size nerebileceim bir teknik yok maalesef. Ama unu diyebilirim ki, her grdnz kelime grubuna saldrmayn. nce temel fiilleri renin, sonra sfatlar ve temel isimleri. Daha sonra kelime hazinenizi sfat ile gelitirebilirsiniz. Kimileri cebince kelime kartlar tar, kimileri evde her gn on kelime ezberler, kimileri web sitelerini kullanr ve kimileri de CD'lerden kelime renmeye alr. Hangisi daha iyi bilemiyorum. Belki de hepsi. Bu konuda deneyim ve fikir sahibi olanlar bizimle paylan. Bildiim bir ey var ki kelime renmek zaman ve birikim iidir. Daha nce bir ka kez karnza farkl cmlelerde kmam kelimeleri aklnzda tutmanz mmkn deildir. Hafza setleri bu konuda farkl almalar sergilemektedirler. Kullanmadm iin bir yorum yapmayacam.

PARAGRAF VE OKUMA SORULARI N NERLER

Tm snavlarda adaylarn en ok ekindikleri blmlerden biri okuma sorular ya da paragraf sorular diye adlandrlan ksmdr. Bu durumun aslnda bir ka temel nedeni var: >> >> >> >> >> >> >> Kelime bilgisi yetersizlii Soru kklerini tanmamak ngilizce okuma deneyiminin olamamas klar elemeyi bilmemek Paragrafta nereye bakacan bilmemek Zaman Kullanma becerisinin olmamams Psikolojik nedenler

Bu nedenlerin iinde en kolay veya en zor yenilebilinecek olan PSKOLOJK NEDENLER'dir bence. TOEFL, KPDS, DS ya da hazrlk atlama gibi snavlara girecek adaylara tavsiyem, bir sr paragraf test zmeye balamadan nce, bu sorularn nasl zlmesi gerektiini renmeye almanzdr. Bulunduunuz ehirde bir dil kursu ya da zel eitim veren uzman bir kii mutlaka vardr ve bu konuda yardm almanz gerekmektedir. Paragraf ve okuma ksmlarnda size nerebileceklerim unlardr: KPDS ve DS'de " Aadaki sorular paragrafa gre cevaplaynz" ksmlar vardr. Bu blmde yapmanz gerekenler yledir:

METN OKURKEN : >> nce sorular okuyun ve size ne sorulduunu bilin :Sorularn tamamn aklnzda tutamazsnz ama paragraf ile ilgili bir fikriniz olacak ve size ne sorulduunu az ok bileceksiniz. >> Paragrafta bilmediiniz kelimelerle vakit kaybetmeyin >> Grdnz balalarn altn izin (Therefore, because, However...) >> Ana fikre odaklann, detaylara taklmayn SORULARI OKURKEN BLMENZ GEREKENLER Paragraf ve Okuma sorularnda 2 tip soru tr vardr. 1) Direkt Bilgi sorular: Ne zaman, Kim, Nerede, Hangi vb. Bu sorularda yorum yaplamaz ve direk metinden cevaplar bulunabilir. (bu sorular kamaz) rnek Soru Kkleri: According to the writer/ author,... According to the passage It is stated in the passage that... It is argued in the passage that... It is suggested in the passage that The writer author/ points out that... The author argues that... The writer explains that... The writer suggests that The writer is of the opinion that... The passage explains that... The passage makes the point that... The point made in the passage is that... One essential point made in the passage is that... The writer makes the point that... It is pointed out in the passage that... It is explained in the passage that... It is suggested in the passage that... It is obvious from the passage that... It is clear from the passage that... As (it is) pointed out in the passage,... As (it is) mentioned in the passage,... As explained in the passage that... We see in the passage that... 2) Yorum Sorular: Bu sorular sizi uratracak olanlardr. Yorum yaparak seeneklerden hangisinin doru olduunu soran soru trdr. (Anlamyorsanz vakit kaybetmeyin) rnek yorum Soru Kkleri: One understands from the passage that... One infers from the passage that... One can/ may conclude from the passage that... One can/may infer from the passage that... The author concludes that From the passage we undewrstand that... From the passage we learn that... We learn from the passege that... We can undewrstand from the passage that... We can infer from the passage that... As (it) can be understood from the passage... As we learn from the passage... As we can understand from the passage... It can be inferred from the passage that... It is understood from the passage... The passage implies that It is implied in the passage that It is shown in the passage that.. 3) Ana Fikir Sorular: Parann en genel cmlesi onun ana fikridir. Ana fikir sorularnn genellikle geni zamanda olduuna dikkat ediniz ( p Ucu) Ana fikir Sorularna rnekler: The passage is mainly concerned with... The pasage largely deals with... The main concern of the passage... The main subject of the passage...

The main idea of the passage is that... Tha main point of the message is that... Tha main argumant of the passage is that... The passage describes... The passage emphasizes... The passage gives a general account of... In this passage, the writer has set out...

PARAGRAF SORU KKLER ZERNDE NCELEME

Dier sayfalarda da bahsettiimiz gibi zellikle KPDS, DS, ve ngilizce yeterlilik snavlarnda verilen okuma paralar ile ilgili sorulan soru trleri 3'e ayrlr. SORU TRLERN BLMEK NE E YARAR? Aada snflandrdm ve rneklendirdiim soru trlerini ve soru kklerini bilmek size snavlarda nemli kolaylklar salayacaktr. Diyelim ki paragraf sorularnda pek baarl deilsiniz veya kendinizi yeterli hissetmiyorsunuz. Bu dnce, gzlemlerime gre snava girenlerin ounda vardr. NGLZCE SINAV TEKNKLER adl kitabmda da zerinde durduum gibi ZOR OLAN PARAGRAF DEL, SORU TRDR ! Verilen metin ile ilgili 5 adet soru soruluyor. Bu sorularn ou direk karm sorular ise iimiz kolay, ancak sorularn ou yorum gerektiren dolayl sorular ise iimiz nispeten daha zor demektir. E NERDEN BALAMALIYIM ? Bol bol paragraf okuyarak almak yerine ncelikle dmanmz tanmalyz; yani soru trleriniz ve kklerini inceleyip paragraf sorularna nasl yaklaacamz bilmeliyiz. Ltfen aadaki tablolar inceleyiniz. 1) DREK BLG SORULARI: Ne zaman, Kim, Nerede, Hangi vb. sorularda yorum yaplamaz ve direk metinden cevaplar bulunabilir. Bu soru tipi en kolaydr ve bu sorular karlmamaldr. DREKT BLG SORULARI YAZARA - PARAGRAFA GRE DKKAT ! : SZN FKRNZ VE YORUMUNUZ SORULMUYOR ! Soru Kk According to the writer/ author,... According to the passage It is stated in the passage that... It is argued in the passage that... It is suggested in the passage that The writer author/ points out that... The author argues that... The writer explains that... The writer suggests that The writer is of the opinion that.. The passage explains that... The passage makes the point that... The point made in the passage is that... One essential point made in the passage is that... It is It is It is It is It is pointed out in the passage that... explained in the passage that... suggested in the passage that... obvious from the passage that... clear from the passage that... Anlam yazara gre.... paragrafa gre... parada anlatldna gre..

yazarn sylediine gre....

paragrafn anlattna gre... yazarn dediine gre...

The writer makes the point that...

paragrafta anlatldna gre

As (it is) pointed out in the passage,... As (it is) mentioned in the passage,... As explained in the passage that... We see in the passage that...

paragrafta anlatna gre... paragraftan anladmz zere..

NOT: YUKARIDA VERLEN SORU KKLERNN BREBR TERCMES VERLMEMTR. ANCAK SORU KKLER SINIFLANDIRILARAK BENZER/ AYNI ANLAMA GELENLER BR ARADA GSTERLMTR. NER Direk karm sorularnda hata yapma olaslnz ok dktr. Bundan dolay zellikle bu sorular zerinde durun.

2) YORUM SORULARI Bu sorular sizi uratracak olanlardr. Yorum yaparak seeneklerden hangisinin doru olduunu soran soru trdr. YORUM SORULARI

One understands from the passage that... One infers from the passage that... One can/ may conclude from the passage that... One can/may infer from the passage that... The author concludes that From the passage we undewrstand that... From the passage we learn that.. We learn from the passege that... We can undewrstand from the passage that... We can infer from the passage that...

paragraftan anlaldna gre.. pargraftan karlabilecek u sonuca gre... yazarn vard sonuca gre...

paragraftan anladmza gre / kadaryla...

As (it) can be understood from the passage... As we learn from the passage... As we can understand from the passage... It can be inferred from the passage that... It is understood from the passage... The passage implies that It is implied in the passage that It is shown in the passage that..

paragtaftan anlayabileceimiz kadar ile... paragraftan karlabilecek u sonuca gre.. paragrafta kast edildii kadar ile paragtafta gsterildii kadaryla...

3) ANA FKR SORULARI Parann en genel cmlesi onun ana fikridir. Ana fikir sorularnn genellikle geni zamanda olduuna dikkat ediniz . PUCU: Paragrafta olumsuz balalar var ise genellikle ana fikir bu balalarn iinde cmlededir. However, but, nevertheless, nonetheless, vs, gibi (baknz; ngilizce Snav Teknikleri)

ANA FKR SORULARI

The passage is mainly concerned with... The pasage largely deals with... The main concern of the passage... The main The main Tha main Tha main subject of the passage... idea of the passage is that... point of the message is that... argumant of the passage is that...

The passage describes... The passage emphasizes... The passage gives a general account of... In this passage, the writer has set out...

PARAGRAF TAMAMLAMA SORULARI NASIL ZLR?

Paragraf tamamlama sorular snavlarda bana gre rahata puan toplayabileceiniz blmlerden biridir. Asla "benim ngilizce seviyem yeterli deil, ben anlamam" fikirine kaplp bu soru blmn bo brakmayn. Aksine biraz dikkat ederek ve seenekleri eleme yoluna giderek doru cevaplar bulabilirsiniz. Unutmayn ! Sizden tm paragrafn evirisini yapmanz beklenmiyor.. yapmanz gereken ey, sizden istenilen boluu seeneklerden hangisinin dolduracan bulabilmek. Temel okuma tekniklerini edinerek ve seenekleri eleyerek bu ksmda baarl olmamanz iin hi bir neden yoktur. ** NOT: KPDS, DS, TOEFL veya snav hazrlk kurslarna gidiyorsanz mutlaka " OKUMA TEKNKLER" eitimi verip vermediklerini renin ve bunu nasl yaptklarn sorun *****

Paragraf Tamamlama Sorularnda ilk nce dikkat etmeniz gerekenler: >> Zaman Uyumu: boluktan nce ve sonra zaman uyumuna bakmalsnz. >> This, that, these gibi iaret sfatlarna dikkat edin >> Because, eventhough, but, gibi balalara dikkat edin

RNEK 1 .... sorularda, bo braklan yerlere, parann anlam btnln salamak iin getirilebilecek cmleyi bulunuz . (KPDS MAYIS 2003) In Japan, the brighter economic picture of the first 6 months of 2002 failed to carry over into the second half of the year. ___________. This was no doubt influenced by rising unemployment which is now at a record high. a) External demand supported Japan's exporters to some degree, but the domestic market was at a low ebb. b) The year 2003 will doubtless be another difficult year for the Japanese economy c) Recovery looks like being slow d) This uncertainty gave rise to a cut in interest rates e) Once global investor confidence returns, equity markets will, in all likelihood, start to perform well again zm: lk nce birinci cmlenin ve ikinci cmlenin zamanlarna bakn (TENSE) , bizden PAST istiyor. Bundan dolay sadece A ve D seenei doru cevap olabilir. te size 5 saniyede 2 k ... Sonra This = ? diye dnn, bize TEKL AD lazm. O da A Seeneinde olduu iin DORU CEVAP A'dr diyoruz. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------RNEK 2 (KPDS MAYIS 2003) A recent survey carried out by the UK lecturers' union shows that almost a quarter of respondents rate their academic freedom as limited, poor or non-existent. ___________. In 30% of cases, that pressure had come from the organization paying for the research. a) Researchers in every sector know that they must get positive results into journals b) Most worrying is the results of this loss of integrity on medical research c) Some researchers said they had been pressurized to alter results, delay their publication or even bury them d) The public loss of confidence in science has reached serious proportions and must be faced squarely e) Those with access to the truth are too often those with most to gain from avoiding it ZM: Bu soruyu 10 saniyede zebilirsiniz.. Sadece fiillerin zamanlarna bakmanz yeterlidir. lke cmle past, son cmle past, ve tabiki ikinci cmlede past olmaldr. Seeneklerde tek past cmle C olduu iin dnmeden iaretleyin.

CEVR SORULARI NASIL ZLR

eviri sorular snavlarda en ok puan toplayabileceiniz blmdr nk zaten cmleler evirlmi olarak seeneklerin arasnda hazr beklemektedir. Bu nedenden dolay kelime sknts da ekilmez. eviri sorularn zerken dikkat etmeniz gerekenler unlardr: >> Zaman uyumuna dikkat edin. Verilen cmledeki fiilin atln izin >> ngilizcedeki VERB Trke'de cmle sonundaki Yklem, eylem, Fiildir. Onu bulun >> Active - Passive (Etken - Edilgen Uyumuna) bakn >> To be ( am, is, are, was, were) = - dr, dir , idi RNEK 1 36.-40. sorularda, verilen ngilzce cmleye anlamca en yakn Trke cmleyi bulunuz. (KPDS Mays 2003) 36. At the 1994 Brussels NATO summit a "partnership for peace" programme was formally launched, enabling the old Warsaw Pact members and former Sovlet republics to take part in a wide range of military cooperation with NATO. a) Eski Varova Pakt yeleri ve nceki Sovyet cumhuriyetleri, 1994 Brksel NATO zirvesinde kabul edilen "bar iin ortaklk"

program sayesinde NATO ile askeri alanda ok kapsaml ibirlii yapma olana buldular. b) Eski Varova Pakt yelerinin ve nceki Sovyet cumhuriyetlerinin NATO ile geni kapsaml askeri ibirlii yapmalarn salamaya ynelik "bar iin ortaklk" program, ancak 1994 Brksel NATO zirvesinde resmen hayata geirilme olana buldu. c) 1994 Brksel NATO zirvesinde ilk kez nerilen "bar iin ortaklk" program, eski Varova Pakt yelerine ve nceki Sovyet cumhuriyetlerine NATO ile askeri alanda sk bir ibirlii yapma olana salamay amalyordu. d) 1994 Brksel NATO zirvesinde, eski Varova Pakt yelerine ve nceki Sovyet cumhuriyetlerine NATO ile geni kapsaml bir askeri ibirlii yapma olana salayan "bar iin ortaklk" program resmen yrrle kondu. e) "Bar iin ortaklk", ilk kez 1994 Brksel NATO zirvesinde resmen kararlatrlp yrrle konan ve eski Varova Pakt yeleri ile nceki Sovyet cumhuriyetlerine NATO ile askeri ibirlii olana salayan geni kapsaml bir programdr. zm: Verilen cmledeki fiil PASSIVE oldugu iiin, bizde cmle sonunda passive aryoruz ve tabiki tek seenek D.

ANLAMI BOZAN CMLEY BULMA SORULARI NASIL ZLR

Cmleleri sraya sokma sorular bir ok snavda karmza kan bir blmdr. lk bakta biraz karmak grnse de aslnda zm yine son derece kolaydr. Yapmanz gereken sorularn nasl zldn bilmek ve bol bol rnek soru zmek. Aadakilere dikkat ederseniz bu sorular ok daha rahat ve hzl zebileceinizi greceksiniz: >> Ana fikri bulun. Ana fikir her zaman " EN GENEL CMLE" dir. >> Balalara dikkat edin. Hi bir paragraf but, so, and, Further.. gibi balalarla balamaz. >> This, that, these, those ile paragraf balamaz. >> This, that, these, those gibi iaret sfatlarnn karl var m yok mu , buna bakn. RNEK 1 ( KPDS 2006, MAYIS) 58. 63. sorularda, cmleler srasyla okunduunda parann anlam btnln bozan cmleyi bulunuz. 58. (I) It used to be argued that, once there were just two major companies involved in civil-aircraft manufacturing, aircraft prices would rise. (II) There are few engineering tricks left that could give one or other a technological edge. (III) That theory has been thoroughly discredited. (IV) The best indicator of new-aircraft prices the average price per seat on flights has been declining for several years. (V) This is due, of course, to the brutal competition between the two rivals. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V ZM "That Theory" nc cmlede ne ile alakal diye bakmak gerekiyor nce. kinci cmlede alakal bir terim ve anlam olmad iin birinci cmleye bakarz. lk cmledeki anlam destekledii iin, yani oradaki iddiay bir teori olarak dnebileceimizden dolay DORU CEVAP B dir RNEK 2 ( KPDS 2006, MAYIS) 59. (I) The most popular talk show on Arab TV is The Opposite Direction. (II) The show is hosted by Faisal al-Kasim, a forty-two-year-old with glasses. (III) The chance to take part in the regions first experiment with free journalism was one that could not be missed. (IV) Al-Kasim moderates while two guests debate a topic of his choosing; viewers join in by telephone, fax and e-mail. (V) No other Arab television personality is as controversial, as despised or as revered as al-Kasim. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V ZM Cmlelerde birbiri ile ilgili olan tamlamalar ve terimleri kaln olarak iaretledim. Bu ekilde bakldnda sadece 3. cmlede balantl kelimeler ve tamlamalar olduunu gryoruz. GRAMER (DL BLGS) SORULARI ZERKEN NELERE DKKAT ETMEL? Gramer sorular zlmesi en kolay olan blmlerden biridir nk sizden her konu iin belli konularn detaylarn ve kurallarn bilmeniz istenmektedir. lk bakta okmu gibi grnen gramer konular ve kurallar aslnda hi de o kadar fazla deildir. Her dilde belli bal kurallar vardr ve bu kurallar snrldr. Gramer snrl kurallarla, snr sayda cmlenin kurulabildii bir sistemdir aslnda. ncelikle gramer eitimi alrken dikkat etmeniz gereken hususlar unlardr: >> altnz konuda hangi belli bal yaplar kullanlyorsa bilin, ayrca ne tr yaplar kullanlamaz, bunlarda mutlaka bilin. nk sorular bu ekilde oluturulmaktadr. rnein tense alyorsanz " By the time" hangi tenslerle kullanlr sorunsunu cevabn bilin ama ayn zamanda " By the time " grnce nelere elemeniz gerektiini de mutlaka bilin ve seeneklerde hemen eleme yapn. >> Verilen soruda nce seeneklere bakn. Bu hangi gramer konusunda sorulduunu nceden biliyor olursunuz.

>> Gramer blmnde ok hzl olmalsnz. Seenekleri elemeye mutlaka nceden alm olun. Bu ksm hzlca geip, paragraf sorularna ve Close test ksmna alk vermelisiniz. >> nceden bol bol gramer testi zn. nce her konu iin tek tek ama sonra kark gramer testleri zn. DKKAT : Gramer sorusu zerken kelime anlamna taklyorsanz YANLI YOLDASINIZ demektir ! Gramer sorularn zmek iin cmleyi anlamak gerekmez.