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NDEKLER NSZ GR I. BLM Egemen Yaklamlar 1. Toplum ve letiim 2. Yzyze letiimden Kitle letiimine 3. letiim almalarnn Tarihsel Geliiminin Ana Hatlar 4. Kitle letiim Kuram ve Aratrmalarnda Farkl Ynelimler 5. Egemen (Ana-akm) letiim almalarnn Geliimi A. Ana Akm Yaklamlarca Gelitirilen Temel Kuramlar L Propaganda /Uyanc-Tepki I Sihirli Menni/ Hipodennik ne Modeli 2 Shanon ve Weaver'm Enformasyon Kuram B. letiimle lgili lk Alan Aratrmalar ve "ki Aamal Ak " Modeli C. Deneye Dayal Olarak Gelitirilen Psikolojik Kuramlar 1. Festinger'in Bilisel Uyum Kuram 2. ABX Denge Modeli 3. Westley-MacLean'm Araclanm letiim Modeli D. letiime Sosyolojik Yaklam: Riley ve Riley Modeli E. letiime Teknolojik Yaklamlar /, H. A. Innis'inYaklam 2 M. MeLuhan'm Yaklam F. Dier Kuram ve Yaklamlar /. Kullanmlar ve Doyumlar Yaklam 2. Kltrel Gstergeler ve Ekme Kuram 3. Gndem Belirleme 4. Suskunluk Sarmal 5. Eik Bekilii Modeli S 7 9 9 9 12 18 23 23 30 30 45 45 45 47 49 50 50 51 53 55 60 60 61 62 62 64 68 71 72

6. Bilgi Eksiklii Hipotezi 7. Bamllk Kuram 8. Modernleme Kuramlar ve "Yeniliklerin Yaylmas" Modeli 9. Kitle iletiimi ve Kitle Kltr/ Popler Kltr

73 74 74 74 11

II. BLM 81 1 Eletirel Yaklamlar 81 letiim Aralarn Kltrel ve deolojik Aygtlar Olarak Gren Yaklamlar 84 A. Frankfurt Okulu 84 1. Walter Benjamin 87 2. T. Adomo ve M. Horkhemer 88 3. H. Marcuse 91 4. J. Habermas 94 B. Gramsci ve "Hegemonya" 96 C. Althusser ve "Devletin deolojik Aygtlar" 102 D. Yapsalc Dilbilim ve Gstergebilim 106 1. Ferdinand de Saussare 106 2.Claude Levi-Strauss 107 3. Roland Barthes 108 E-ngiliz Kltrel ncelemeleri ve Stuart Hail 1U 2. letiimin Ekonomi Politii 123 A. Ekonomi Politiin Konusu ve Yntemi 123 B. letiimin ve Kltrn Ekonomi Politii 127 C-Amerika'da Ekonomi Politik Yaklam 138 1. Herbert Schiller: Amerikan mparatorlu^'nun 139 Hegemonyas 139 2. Dallas Smythe: Reklmlar ve zleyici Emtiasnn 144 retimi 144 3. Herman ve Chomsky: Haber Medyasnn Ekonomi PolitiiH^ D. Avrupa'da Ekonomi Politik Gelenei 159 1. P. Golding ve G. Murdock 159 2. N. Gamham 161 3 A. Mattelart 164 III. BLM 1. Kreselleme ve letiim 2. Kresellemenin deolojik Boyutu ve Eletirisi KAYNAKA 165 165 174 181

Kitle letiim

Kuramlar

KAYNAKA
Adomo, Thedore W. and Max Horkheimer (1972). Dialeclic of enlighmen. Translator: John Cumming. New York: Continuum. Agee. W. K, P.H. Ault ve E. Emery (1985). Introduction to Mass Communication. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, Inc. Althusser, Louis (1971). "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. (n) Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Translated by B. Bre\vster. New York: Monthiy Review Press. Althusser, L. (1987). John Levi'is'e Cevap. eviren: M. kmen. An kara: V Yaymlan. Amin, S. (1993). Kaos mparatorluu: Yeni Kapitalist Kreselleme. eviren: Ik Soner. stanbul: Kaynak Yaymlan. Amin, S. (2000) . Entelektel Yolculuum. eviren: Uur Gnsr. Ankara: topya Yaynevi. Amin, S. (2000a). Deiim Halindeki Dnya Sistemi. eviren: Fik ret Bakaya. Ankara: Cantckin Matbaas. Anderson, P, (1988). Antonio Gramsci: Hegemonya, Dou / Bal Sorunu ve Strateji. eviren: Tank Gnersel. stanbul: Alan Yaymchk, Aymaz, G. (2002). "Kitle letiim almalar ve Antropoloji: Sosyal Bilimlerin Tutucu ve Ozgrleimci Potansiyelini Gzlemek iin Bir pucu". Defter. K. Yl: 15. Say: 45. Ss.: 235-249. Aziz, A. (1990). Aratnna Yntemleri, Teknikleri ve letiim: Ankara: LAD (letiim Aratrmalar Demei) Yaynlan. Bagdikian, B. (1992). Media Monopoly. , 4"' Edition. Boston: Beacon Press. Balle, F. ve 1. C. De BaiUon (1983). "Mass Media Research in France: An Emerging Discipline", Journal of Communication. S u m m e r . P p : 146-156. Bajonet, A. (1967), Elionomi Politik Nedir?. eviren: Erdoan Ba ar. Ankara: Anadolu Yaynlan. Barker, C. (1999). Television, Globalization and Cultural Identities. Philedelphia: pen Univeristy Press. 181

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1S8

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Kuramlar

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Webster, Frank (995), Theories of the Information Society. London: Routlcdge. Wi!liams, R. (1993). Kltr. eviren: Suavi Aydn. Ankara; mge. Williams, R. (1961). The Long Revolution. Harmon-dsvvorth MddIesex: Penguin Books. VViIliams, R. (1974). Television: Technology and Cultural Form. London: Fontana. Wood, E. M. (2001). "Postmodem Gndem Nedir?". Marksizm ve Postmodem Gndem (iinde). Der,: E. M. Wood ve J. B. Foster. eviren: A. Fethi. Ankara: topya Yaymevi. VVoollacott. J. (1982). "Messages and Mcanings". Culture, Society and the Media. (Eds.): M. Gurevitch, T. Bennett, J. Curran and J. WooUacott. London and New York: Methuen .Pp.:91111. Zubritski. Mitropolski, Kerov (1997). lkel, Kleci ve Feodal Top lum. 12. Bask. eviren: Sevim Belli. Ankara: Sol Yaynlan. Zubritski, Mitropolski, Kerov (1995). Kapitalist Toplum. S. Bask. eviren: Sevim Belli. Ankara: Sol Yaynlar.

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Medya var olan toplumsal yapnn srdrlmesinde ve yeniden retilmesinde ok nemli ideolojik ve ekonomik ilevleri olan nemli kurumlardandr. zellikle kreselleme srecinde medyann okuluslu irketler ve onlarn yerli ortaklar tarafndan kontrol edilmesi yaanan srecin anlalmasnda iletiim kuramlarn ok daha nemli bir hale getirmitir. Bu kitapta, kitle letiim kuramlarna ynelik egemen ve eletirel bak alar btnlkl bir ekilde ele alnmakta ve kitle iletiiminin ekonomik ve ideolojik ilevleri eletirel bir bak asyla sunulmaktadr. Bunu yaparken tarihsel bir g e l i i m sreci ierisinde e g e m e n ve eletirel

yaklamlar^kendi epistemolojik ve metodolojik btnlkleri ierisinde deerlendirilmektedir.

^SP^ Ktphanesi

dipnot yaynlan Selanik Caddesi 82/32 Kzlay -