1.

i)

ii)

i)
AB, A, , , ,
ii)
, , , ,

, , ,

, ,

2.
, ,

i)
ii) .

z
y

xx, yy, zz
i) xx, yy
.
yy, zz
, zz, xx .
.

y
ii)
z
y, Ay, z, Az, .
.
, , .
, , . . .
, , .

3.
, , = .
= .

= + = +
=

4.
, .
, = 2.

= 2
= 2
.
+ = 2 + 2
= 2( + )
= 2

1.
, , . ,
,
i) EZ =

A
2

ii) + = +

, .
, , = , = =
, .
= =

= =

= + +

i)

2
++
=
2
2
2
A

2
=

2
2
2

= + + =

(1)
(2)

 (1), (2) EZ =

A
2

ii)
+ = + + + = + + + = + 2 +

(3)

+ = + + + = + 2 +

(4)

(3), (4) + = +

2.
, ,
.

i) =

ii) =

.
, , , ..
, , = , = =
, .
= = ,
= =

= = ,

AB
=
2
2

i)

2
=
2
2
2

=
2
2
2
2

(1), (2) =
2
ii)

2
M = =
=
2
2

2
=

2
2
2
2

(3), (4) =
2

= =

(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)

= =

3.
i) , ,
+ .
ii) , , , ,
+ + .

i)
)

ii)
i) , , :

A +

i) , , :

(1)
(2)

( 2)

(1) A + + +

1.
, , , ,

, =
2

, , .
, , = , = .
,

= =
= =

2
2
2

= = =
2
2

= =

2
2

 = + =

=
2
2

2
2

+
=
=
2
2
2
2

(1)

(2)

(1), (2) =

.
2

2.
,
.

. ;
( 2)

( 1 )
4

2
1
3

4 1 4
2

3 = 4 1 .


(4 1).4 = 12.
,
.

= 6. 6

, ,
.

1
2