Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted To
Maam .
Submitted By
Saba Naeem
2013
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Executive Summary4 Introduction .5 Purpose of study .. 7 Background ...7 Literature review 9 Framework & Methodology ..12 Sample ..12 Questionnaire 13 Result & Discussion ...14 Recommendations ..22 Conclusion ..23 References ..24 Appendix.............................................................................................25
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Executive Summary
The research is based upon finding the cause of low literacy rate of Pakistan. Literacy is very effective and important parameter of measuring social development of society. Literacy is also the ground reason for many other social problems such as crime rate, political unawareness and terrorism which off course turned into a cancer the research survey was based upon the literature review result. A number of previous studies and analysis mostly are converging on a number of definitions for low literacy rate. They include Poverty Lack of awareness Gender discrimination Government mismanagement The research survey is based upon all these finding in the review. The respondents were chosen from Informatics College and agricultural university. The results of the survey are analyzed with frequency distribution and respective percentage. The percentage and their figurative presentation are represented in data analysis of the report. Majority of the respondents opined in the favor of the poverty being the major reasons and linked it with governments responsibility to eliminate the poverty. The second major reason which people opined is gender discrimination. They are of the opinion that there is a need of social and religious campaign to avoid further catastrophe in this regard. They said lack of awareness was a major reason behind low literacy. They blamed government for not planning the policies concerning this sector. After reviewing the opinion of all respondents, conclusively we come to a point that though core causes exist yet there is a need of massive state-sponsored effort to eliminate illiteracy from the country. Since the issue related is materialistic and financial therefore we are more in need of state sponsored move. We critically analyzing our research we came to a point that poverty, gender discrimination, lack of awareness and governments mismanagement were the most important reasons where government role is always in all other factor. Government should launch a multi dimensional policy in this regard specially focusing on eliminating the factor of finance from education either directly or indirectly. It should also take the services of religious scholars to promote the message of importance of education.
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Chapter No 1 Introduction
Literacy, in its simplest definition is the ability to read and write. People with good literacy skills are more likely to having higher self-esteem, better jobs and higher wages than those with poor literacy skills. They are more able to take advantage of the opportunities that life may offer them. Literacy is very effective and important parameter of measuring social development of a society. But the low literacy rate is the cause of many social problems such as crime rate, political, unawareness and terrorism which of course has turned into cancer. The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels: Primary (grades one through five); Middle (grades six through eight); High (grades nine and ten, leading to the secondary school certificate or SSC); Intermediates (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary (School) Certificate or HSC) and university programs leading to undergraduate and graduate degree. The literacy rate in Pakistan is divided into three regions that are in cities, villages and tribal areas. Below are some points regarding literacy rate in Pakistan. The literacy rate is 87% in Islamabad and 20% in Kohlu district. In the period 2000-2004, Pakistanis in the age group 55-64 had a literacy rate of almost 30%, those aged 45-54 had a literacy rate of nearly 40%, those 25-34 had a literacy rate of 50%, and those aged 15-24 had a literacy rate of 60%. Literacy rate vary regionally, particularly by sex. In tribal areas female literacy is 7.5%. So these conditions of literacy rate are not adequate enough for a proper political and social development of the country. This is clearly evident from the literacy ratio, that the ground is not good for political and social awareness. Education is a basic right for every human and has now become a standard to measure the social progress of nations. It is surely a key to the political, social and economic development. In the recent history, it has become a prominent phenomenon. The education policy is always on the top of national priorities today. The recent flared of global intolerance is also believed to be linked with literacy. Literacy rate have been proved with research to be linked with the economic development of the country. The literate societies are more earning today. They have greater
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Purpose of study:
The main reason for choosing this topic is to analyze the problems of low literacy rate of Pakistan. The research is on the core issues related to the low literacy rate. Pakistan has not been able to uplift literacy rate even after claiming to have education in the priority list. Low literacy seems to be root cause of all other ills of the society that have risen to the scene in the last decade. One of them may include intolerance and lack of awareness for human rights among the masses of the nation. The study is about the root cause of the mother of the problems. The basic purpose will be to highlight the factor that are providing a recessive and resistive force to the development of a sound education system which may be able to attract more and more population towards education.
Background:
Talking on a macro scale according to UNESCO Pakistan is currently a rate at 157th position in the list of 174 countries of the world with a low literacy rate of 58.2%. It needs to be highlighted that from census to census the definition of literacy has been undergoing a change; resultantly the literacy figure has vacillated irregularly during the last 5 census. And update of the five censuses is as under; Table below shows the literacy rate of Pakistan by Provinces. Provinces Punjab Sindh KhyberPakhtunkhwa Baluchistan 1972 20.7% 30.2% 15.5% 10.1% Literacy Rate 1981 27.4% 31.5% 16.7% 10.3% 1998 46.6% 45.3% 35.4% 26.6% 2009 59% 59% 50% 45%
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Male
Female
Total
Urban
Rural
19.2 % 26.9%
12.2% 8.2%
16.4% 16.3%
--34.8%
--10.6%
1972
30.2%
11.6%
21.7%
41.5%
14.3%
35.1%
16.0%
47.1%
17.3%
Definition of being Literate One who can read a clear print in any language One who is able to read with understanding a simple letter in any language One who is able to read and write in some language with understanding One who can read newspaper and write a simple letter One who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language
Age Group All Ages Age 5 and Above Age 10 and Above Age 10 and Above Age 10 and Above
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Poverty
Gender Discrimination
Lack of Awareness
Govt. Mismanagment
Independent Variables
Dependent Variable
Sample The samples consist of 30 peoples of Informatics College and Agricultural University of Faisalabad. The questionnaires are completed in 1 week from students, teacher and others. The data is collected from one college and one university. 30 questionnaires are completed and collected for analysis.
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What is the main reason for low literacy rate in Pakistan? Poverty Frequencies Percent 8 26.67% Lack of Awareness 4 13.33% Gender Govt. Discrimination Mismanagement 2 16 6.67% 53.33%
Government mismanagement is targeted for not being able to alleviate poverty which is the actual root cause of low literacy rate. Majority have the opinion that people are not turning towards education due to lack of finance as shown is above table. 26.67% people are agreed that poverty, 13.33% respondents with lack of awareness, 6.67% people agree with gender discrimination and 53.33% with Govt. mismanagement.
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Social causes affect the literacy rate? 1% -20% 2 6.67% 21%-40% 10 33.33% 41%-60% 13 43.33% 61%-80 5 16.67%
Frequencies Percent
Majority of people believe that social causes affect 41% to 60% to literacy rate.
Economic causes affect the literacy rate? 1% -20% 1 3.33% 21%-40% 5 16.67% 41%-60% 16 53.33% 61%-80 8 26.67%
Frequencies Percent
People of low income unable to educate their children. Strongly Disagree 1 3.33% Disagree 2 6.67% Neutral 1 3.33% Agree 17 56.67% Strongly Agree 9 30%
Frequencies Percent
Respondents agree that people of low income unable to educate their children. Because they have not enough finance to educate their children. Education is just dream for poor children as the results are shown in table. 3.33% strongly disagree, 6.67% disagree, 3.33% neutral, 56.67% agree and 30% strongly agree.
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If financial aid is provided than student enrollment will increase. Strongly Disagree --Disagree 1 3.33% Neutral 2 6.67% Agree 16 53.33% Strongly Agree 11 36.67%
Frequencies Percent
This question is in fact another dimension of confirming our findings that financial problems are containing people from going to schools. This question also reveals whether finance is the major and foremost cause of not sending children school. So the result reveals that majority of person support the idea of provision of financial aid. So the finance is the major barrier in the way of seeking education. No one is strongly disagreeing with this. 3.33% disagree, 6.67% neutral, 53.33% agree and 36.67% strongly agree with this question.
Provision of free education in Pakistan will be the most important booster for literacy. Strongly Disagree 1 3.33% Disagree 1 3.33% Neutral 2 6.67% Agree 11 36.67% Strongly Agree 15 50%%
Frequencies Percent
Provision of free education is found to be highly popular among the public. 3.33% strongly disagree, 3.33 disagree, 6.67 neutral, 36.67% agree and 50% strongly agree with the statement.
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Awareness level of education is low among people. Strongly Disagree --Disagree 3 10% Neutral 1 3.33% Agree 18 60% Strongly Agree 8 26.67%
Frequencies Percent
Awareness of education is helpful to increase the literacy rate. People are not well aware in Pakistan which is also reason for low literacy. The respondents are highly agreed with the statement as the percentage shown. Only 10% disagree with it. 3.33% neutral, 60% agree and 26.67 strongly agree.
Importance of education needs to be explained to majority of population. It will increase literacy rate. Strongly Disagree --Disagree 2 6.67% Neutral 2 6.67% Agree 18 60% Strongly Agree 8 26.67%
Frequencies Percent
The results reveal the fact that education yet needs to be explained to majority of the population. Respondents are of the opinion that yet people do not know that a better educated individual have a greater probability to be employed. Not only employed but well employed. 6.67% people disagree, 6.67% neutral, 60% agree and 26.67 are strongly agreed.
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People in Pakistan pay more attention to the boys education rather than girls. Strongly Disagree 1 3.33% Disagree 4 13.33% Neutral 3 10% Agree 17 56.67% Strongly Agree 5 16.67%
Frequencies Percent
Gender discrimination is also the main reason for low literacy. Most of the people are agreed with the statement. Gender discrimination is a hurdle in education in Pakistan as the result shown. 3.33% strongly disagree, 13.33% disagree, 10% neutral, 56.67% agree and 16.67% strongly agree.
A religious and social campaign is seriously needed against the gender issues to increase literacy. Strongly Disagree --Disagree 3 10% Neutral 4 13.33% Agree 11 36.67% Strongly Agree 12 40%
Frequencies Percent
Need for social and religious campaign is highly felt among the masses. Respondents majority said that there must be a campaign to aware the people regarding education as the result shown. 10% disagree, 13.33% neutral, 36.67% agree and 40% strongly agree.
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Inadequate facilities at the school level are the major reason for dropout rate of student. Strongly Disagree --Disagree 5 16.67% Neutral 11 36.67% Agree 12 40% Strongly Agree 2 6.67%
Frequencies Percent
A few respondents are of the opinion that the facilities in school are quite adequate however majority considered it to be a cause and hurdle in bringing pupils to school. Majority of the respondent answered while considering government schools. They are of the view that due to competition, since education has turned into a commercial field, private schools are providing best possible facilities within different range of fees they charge. So in government school facilities are not adequate. 16.67% disagree with the statement. 36.67% neutral, 40% agree and 6.67% strongly agree with it.
Teachers are not being properly trained by the Govt. which leads to lack of education quality. Strongly Disagree --Disagree 4 13.33% Neutral 5 16.67% Agree 14 46.67% Strongly Agree 7 23.33%
Frequencies Percent
Majority of the people are agreed with the statement that teacher are not being properly trained by the Govt. which lead to low literacy rate. People said that not the degree holders, competitive people should be employed in the sector. 13.33% disagree, 16.67% neutral, 46.67% agree and 23.33% strongly agree.
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Education system in Pakistan is not satisfactory due to lack of resources. Strongly Disagree 1 3.33% Disagree 4 13.33% Neutral 4 13.33% Agree 16 53.33% Strongly Agree 5 16.67%
Frequencies Percent
There is a lack of resources in Pakistan which also a big hurdle in literacy. Respondents believe that education system in Pakistan is not good. The respondents are greatly agreed with the statement. 3.33% strongly disagree, 13.33% disagree, 53.33% agree and 16.67% strongly agree.
If the schools are made at feasible locations this will be lead increase student enrollment. Strongly Disagree --Disagree 5 16.67% Neutral 9 30% Agree 9 30% Strongly Agree 7 23.33%
Frequencies Percent
Majority of the respondents opined in the favor of developing school at feasible and easily accessible places. They feel that school which are at long distance from the residence area also reason for low literacy. 16.67% respondent disagree, 30% neutral, 30% agree and 23.33% strongly agree with it. In your opinion what are the major reason for low literacy rate in Pakistan? Following are the opinion of the majority of the respondents which come out as a result of our survey. Poverty Government Policies Lack of awareness in parents and students Lack of training Lack of knowledge
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Appendix
(*The information is provided for research purpose only and will be kept confidential under all circumstances.)
(Research Information) a) b) c) d) What is the main reason for Low Literacy Rate in Pakistan? Poverty Lack of awareness Gender Discrimination Government Mismanagement
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a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d)
Social causes affect the Literacy Rate. 1% to 20% 21% to 40% 41% to 60% 61% to 80% Economic causes influence on the Literacy Rate. 1% to 20% 21% to 40% 41% to 60% 61% to 80%
Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral 3 Agree Strongly agree
educate their childrens. If financial aid is provided then the student enrollment will increase.
Provision of free education will
be the most important booster for literacy. Do you agree? Awareness level of education is low among the people. Importance of education needs to be explained to majority of population. It will increase literacy rate.
People in Pakistan pay more
attention to the boys education rather than girls. A religious and social awareness campaign is seriously needed against the gender issues to increase literacy.
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Inadequate facilities at the school are the major reason for dropout rate of student? Teachers are not being properly trained by the Govt. which leads to the lack of education quality. Education system in Pakistan is not satisfactory due to lack of resources. If the schools are made at the feasible locations this will be increase student enrollment.
Q: In your opinion what are the major reason for Low Literacy rate in Pakistan? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Q: What steps should be taken to improve the Literacy rate? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
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