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Lymph Capillaries
Walls overlap to form flap-like minivalves
Fluid leaks into lymph capillaries
Capillaries are anchored to connective
tissue by filaments
Higher pressure on the inside closes
minivalves
Lym phatic Ve sse ls
Figure 12.2
Lymphat ic Vessel s
Lymphatic
collecting vessels
Collects lymph from
lymph capillaries
Carries lymph to
and away from
lymph nodes
Figure 12.1
Lymphat ic Vessel s
Lymphatic
collecting vessels
(continued)
Returns fluid to
circulatory veins
near the heart
Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
Figure 12.1
Lym ph
Figure 12.3
Lym ph No de Str uctu re
Most are kidney-shaped, less than 1 inch
long
Cortex
Outer part
Contains follicles – collections of
lymphocytes
Medulla
Inner part
Contains phagocytic macrophages
Lym ph No de Str uctu re
Figure 12.4
Flo w o f L ym ph Through
Nodes
Lymph enters the convex side through
afferent lymphatic vessels
Lymph flows through a number of
sinuses inside the node
Lymph exits through efferent lymphatic
vessels
Fewer efferent than afferent vessels
causes flow to be slowed
Mal ignant Lymp hom a
Heredity, exposure to carcinogens, Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Cell transformation
Accumulation of Proliferation of
inflammatory cells malignant and non-
malignant lymph
cells
B
Painless enlargement of one or more lymph
nodes on one side of the neck
B Hepatic involvement or
Jaundice
bile duct obstruction
Bone pain
Skeletal Involvement
Suppression of Dec. RBC, C
hematopoiesis WBC, PLT
Unknown
Pruritus; Pain after drinking alcohol Anemia
cause
C
B symptoms:
Tumor cell
Act on satiety Fever, night
secrete
center in sweats,
cachectin
B hypothalamus
Cachexia,
Macrophage weakness,
Supress Fatty acids not unintentional
secrete TNF
synthesis of released from wt. loss of >
lipoprotein lipoproteins 10%
lipase
Endogenous Acts on
pyrogen hypothalamus
Ho dgkin ’s Dise ase
Unicentric in origin; initiates in a single
node
Malignant cell is the Reed-Sternberg cell
(gigantic tumor cell that is
morphologically unique and of immature
lymphoid origin)
Cause: Unknown, probably EBV infection
An n Ar bor St agin g
Syst em
I- single lymph node region or a single
extralymphatic organ or site
II- 2 or more lymph node regions on the same side
of the diaphragm or localized involvement of an
extralymphatic organ or site
III- both sides of the diaphragm or localized
involvement of extralymphatic organ or site or
spleen or both
IV- disseminated involvement of 1 or more
extralymphatic organs with or without associated
lymph node involvement
No n-Hodgkin ’s
Lym phoma
Multicentric in origin and spread early to
various tissues of the body esp. liver, spleen,
bone marrow
3x more frequent than hodgkins
May originate from T cells, B cells and
lymphocytes
B symptoms are less common
More frequent involvement of GI, liver, testes
and bone marrow
Less involvement of mediastinum
Nu rsin g Pr oble ms