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Galvanic series

The galvanic series (or electropotential series) determines the nobility of metals and semi-metals. When two metals are submerged in anelectrolyte, while electrically connected, the less noble (base) will experience galvanic corrosion. The rate of corrosion is determined by the electrolyte and the difference in nobility. The difference can be measured as a difference in voltage potential. Galvanic reaction is the principle upon which batteries are based.

Galvanic series (most noble at top)


The following is the galvanic series for stagnant (that is, low oxygen content) seawater. The order may change in different environments. Graphite Palladium Platinum Gold Silver Titanium Stainless steel 316 (passive) Stainless Steel 304 (passive) Silicon bronze Stainless Steel 316 (active) Monel 400 Phosphor bronze Admiralty brass Cupronickel Molybdenum Red brass Brass plating Yellow brass Naval brass 464 Uranium 8% Mo Niobium 1% Zr Tungsten Stainless Steel 304 (active) Tantalum Chromium plating Nickel (passive) Copper Nickel (active) Cast iron Steel Lead Tin Indium Aluminum Uranium (pure) Cadmium Beryllium Zinc plating (see galvanization) Magnesium

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