C s Truyen ong ien

2.10 TRUYEN ONG CHOPPER ONG C DC

2.10.1 Trng hp ong c DC mac vao bo giam ap:

H2.53

Trong thi gian ong khoa ban dan S1, phan ng ong c mac vao nguon ap. Trong thi gian
khoa b ngat, dong ien phan ng khep kn qua diode D1 (H2.53). Qua trnh ien ap c ve
tren H2.54.

H2.54

Phan tch bo giam ap- xem [1].

Tr trung bnh ap tai che o dong lien tuc:
Ut = U .

T1
= U .
T

(2.50)

Ap dung vao phng trnh ac tnh c cua ong c dc kch t oc lap:

=

R
.U

.M
kkt (kkt )2

(2.51)

ac tnh c tren ap dung trong pham vi goc phan t th nhat va che o dong ien tai lien tuc.
2.10.2 Bo tang ap
Ap dung khi ong c thc hien che o ham tai sinh xem H2.55,2.56.
Tr trung bnh ien ap tai:
Ut = U .

T T1
= U .(1 )
T

(2.52)

Phng trnh ac tnh c bieu dien qua tham so ieu khien:

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C s Truyen ong ien

R
(1 ).U

.M
kkt
(kkt )2

(2.53)

Pham vi lam viec cua bo bien oi xay ra vi dong ien qua tai am, tc nam trong vung ham tai
sinh. Trong mat phang ( -M), ac tnh c nam trong goc phan t th hai.

H2.55

Hoat ong cua bo tang ap vi tai la ong c dc kch t oc lap.

H2.56

2.10.3 Bo bien oi ien tr:

Ham ong nang: e ham ong c, bien phap ham ong nang co the ap dung.
S o mach c ve tren hnh H2.57.

H2.57

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C s Truyen ong ien

Trong thi gian ong khoa S, nang lng ham c tieu hao tren ien tr mach phan
ng R, phan con lai d tr trong cuon khang L. Trong thi gian ngat khoa S, cong suat tren
L va cong suat ham cua ong c (E) c chuyen thanh cong suat ton hao tren ien tr R va
ien tr ham RB.
Vi gia thiet dong ien qua phan ng khong oi, co the xac nh cong suat ton hao
trung bnh tren ien tr RB bi he thc:
P = RB .(1 ).I 2
(2.54)
Mach bo bien oi mac vao mach phan ng tac dung nh ien tr tng ng theo he thc:
(2.55)
Requ = RB .(1 )
T o, ap dung vao phng trnh ac tnh c luc ham ong nang, ta suy ra he thc sau:
=

R + Requ

(kkt )

.M =

R + RB .(1 )

(kkt )2

.M

(2.56)

2.10.4 Bo bien oi kep ao dong: la mot dang ket hp cua bo tang ap va bo giam ap (H2.58).

H2.58

Bo bien oi mot chieu kep ao dong co the dung e ieu khien van toc ong c mot
chieu kch t oc lap. Gian o ieu khien linh kien co the thc hien theo hai phng an:
phng an th nhat cho phep ieu khien rieng che o ong c bang khoa S1 (S2 b ngat) va
ieu khien ham ong c bang khoa S2 (khoa S1 ngat). phng phap th hai, ca hai khoa S1
va S2 eu c kch theo qui tac kch oi nghch. Phng an nay cho dong tai lien tuc qua
iem zero, mach ieu khien n gian. Tuy nhien, can han che kha nang dong ien ngan mach
t nguon qua hai khoa S1,S2 xay ra do qua trnh chuyen mach gia hai khoa noi tren.
Phng trnh ac tnh c cua truyen ong mac vao bo bien oi kep ao dong tng t
nh oi vi bo giam ap. Tuy nhien, do dong ien co the ao chieu, pham vi hoat ong cua ac
tnh xay ra trong ca goc th hai cua mat phang ( -M):
=

R
.U

.M
kkt (kkt )2

(2.57)

2.10.5 Bo bien oi kep ao ap

Bo bien oi kep ao ap co kha nang cung cap nguon ieu khien cho ong c hoat ong
trong goc phan t th nhat va goc phan t th t cua mat phang tai M-w. Chang han, no lam
nguon cap cho ong c hoat ong vi van toc dng che o ong c va thc hien che o ham
cho ong c hoat ong vi van toc am. T o, co the s dung no e ieu khien cau truc vi che
o ong c khi nang tai va che o ham khi ha tai (the nang). Qua trnh ien ap, dong ien va

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C s Truyen ong ien

moment cua ong c trong qua trnh ha tai c minh hoa qua ket qua mo phong hnh ben
di. Bo bien oi kep cung co the c s dung e ieu khien van toc theo chieu dng va
ham ong c mang tai thu ong theo chieu o khi thc hien thay oi v tr au day mach phan
ng ( xem [1])

2.10.6 Bo bien oi kep tong quat:

co the xem la mot dang ket hp cua hai bo bien oi kep ao dong-H2.59.

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C s Truyen ong ien

H2.59

Vi qui tac ieu khien kch oi nghch, dong ien qua tai luon lien tuc va phng trnh
ac tnh c cua bo bien oi kep co dang:
=

R
( 2 1).U
.M

k kt
(k kt )2

(2.58)

Pham vi lam viec cua ac tnh c chiem ca bon goc phan t cua mat phang ( -M).
2.10.7 Mach loc LC nguon: do ien ap dang bam xung, dong ien nguon cha cac thanh
phan song hai gay dao ong ap nguon va cac tn hieu nhieu. Nguon can c loc-H2.61.

H2.60

Thanh phan hai bac n dong qua nguon:

in =

Xc / n
I sn
.I sn =
( n.X L X c / n )
( n.fch / fr ) 2 1

(2.59)

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C s Truyen ong ien

H2.61

vi fch la tan so bam xung (fch = 1 / T) va fr la tan so cong hng mach loc fr =

1
2 LC

e tranh cong hng, ta thng chon fch (2-3).fr..

V du 2.16: Bo giam ap ong c DC
Cho ong c DC kch t vnh cu vi so lieu R = 1, k kt = 0 ,52521[Vs ] , c nuoi bi bo
giam ap co nguon DC 120Vdc. Cho biet dong qua phan ng khong oi bang 10A. Xac nh:
a.t so thi gian ong khi van toc thay oi t zero en cc ai;
b.Pham vi thay oi van toc
Hng dan
a. ien ap trung bnh cua tai:
U = .U = 120

Khi van toc bang 0:

U = R .I = 1.10 = 10 [V ]

10 = min .120 min =

10
1
=
120 12

Khi van toc at gia tr ln nhat, ien ap phan ng la ln nhat tc nang 120V ( = 1). Nh
vay, t so thi gian ong thay oi trong pham vi t 1/12 en 1.
b. Van toc cc ai:
U max = R .I + k kt . max
R .I 120 1.10
U
max = max
=
= 209 ,44 [ rad / s ]
0 ,52521
k kt

V du 2.17:
Cho he thong truyen ong DC nh v du 2.16 va gia thiet rang t so thi gian ong la = 0.3,
hay xac nh qua trnh dong ien qua phan ng, tr trung bnh dong ien va ien ap phan ng
khi van toc ong c bang 1600v/ph. Tan so ong ngat cua chopper gia thiet bang 50Hz.
Hay xac nh tan so chopper can thiet e dong ien qua tai ranh gii gia dong gian oan va
dong lien tuc vi cung thi gian ong nh cau tren.

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C s Truyen ong ien

Hng dan:
c. Ta co khi f=50Hz.
t on =
T =

. =

fch

fch

0.3
= 6.0 3 s = 6 ms
50

1
= 0 ,02 [ s ] = 20 ms
50
1

120 0 ,055.1600
= A.e 200 t + 32
1
3
88
i' = A'.e 200( t 6.10 )
1

i = A.e

t .

5.10 3

che o dong tai gian oan H2.62:

i ( t = 0 ) = 0 ; A = 32

i ' ( t = ..) = i ( = .) ; A' 88 = 32.(1 e 200.6.10 ) = 22 ,36 A' = 110 ,36

Dong ien at gia tr zero tai t1:

A'.e 200.( t1 6.10

88 = 0 ; 110 ,36.e 200.( t1 6.10

88 = 0

-3

t1=7,132.10 [s]<T=20ms

H2.62 dong gian oan

Dong tai trung bnh:
ton
t1

1
i .dt + i ' .dt =

T
ton
0

3
7 ,132.10 3
6
.
10

200 ( t 6.10 3 )
200
t
32
=7,8452[A]
(
1
e
)
.
dt
(
110
,
36
.
e
88
)
.
dt
=

2.10 2

3
0
6.10

I =
I

trng hp ti han gia dong gian oan va lien tuc:

'
t1 = T c = 7 ,132.10 3 [s]; fch
=

1
1
=
= 140 ,2 [ Hz ]
T c 7 ,132.10 3

t on
6.10 3
=
= 0 ,8412
Tc
7 ,132.10 3

Tr trung bnh ien ap khi dong gian oan:

U = U

t on
T t1
20 7 ,132
+ E.
= 120.0 ,3 + 88.
= 40 + 56 ,619 = 96 ,619 [V ]
T
20
T

Bai tap: Bo bien oi ien ap Dc ao dong

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C s Truyen ong ien

V du 2.18: ong c DC kch t oc lap c cap nguon t bo bien oi DC kep dang ao dongH2.63. Dong ien ong c thay oi gia cac gia tr ln nhat Imax>0 va nho nhat Imin < 0.
a. Xac nh qua trnh ien ap va dong ien khi dong ien tai thay oi gia Imax>0 va Imin<0
sao cho Imax > |Imin|.
b. Dan giai thi gian dan ien td2 va td1 cua cac diode D1 va D2 cho trng hp a.)
Hng dan

H2.63

a. Xem H2.64.
T1 td2 < t < tc;
T2 . td1 < t < T;
D1 .. tc < t < td1;
D2 . 0 < t < td2;
b. Cac phng trnh dong ien:
U E = R .i + L .
E = R .i + L .

di
khi 0<t<tc
dt

di
khi tc<t<T
dt

Nghiem:
i

R
U E
t .

+ A.e L ;
0 < t < tc
R
=
R
( t tc ).
E
L ; t < t < T
A
.
e

+
c
R

ieu kien ti han i(0) = imin, i'(T) = imin va i(tc) = i'(tc).

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C s Truyen ong ien

Cac gia tr A, A' va tc c dan giai nh sau:

A = I min

U E
R

A' = I max +

E
R

A'
L
R

T tc =
. ln
R
A

V du 2.19:
Cho ong c DC vi cac tham so nh sau: U = 120V, R = 1, L = 5mH, E = 80V, Imax = 5A,
Imin = -2A va tan so ong ngat cua bo bien oi DC kep ao dong la fch = 0.5kHz. Hay xac
nh:
a.T so tc / T = on
b. khoang thi gian dan ien cua 4 khoa ban dan
Hng dan:
a. Trc het, ap dung ket qua bai trc, xac nh cac hang so A, A', tc :
A = I min

120 80
U E
= 2
= 42
R
1

A' = I max +
T =

1
fch

E
80
=5+
= 85 A
R
1

1
[ s ] = 2 [ ms ]
500

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C s Truyen ong ien

A'
R
L
T t c = . ln
A
R

120

85
3
5
.
10
=
1
. ln

42
1

= 0 ,9116.10 3 [ s ]

t c = 2.10 3 0 ,5116.10 3 = 1,0884.10 3 [ s ]

b. Khoang dan cua D1, td1, khi i = 0:

R

t d 1.
U E
L
+ A.e
=0
R

t d1 =

U E
L
.ln
R
A.R

5.10 3 120 80
=
= 0,2439 .10 3 [s ]
.ln
1
(
42
).
1

Khoa T1 dan ien trong khoang thi gian:

t c t d 1 = (1,0884 0,2439).10 3 = 0,84445 .10 3 [s ]
e xac nh khoang dan cho diode D2 ta suy t ieu kien i'(td2) = 0:
R

(t d 2 t c ).
E
L
+ A'.e
=0
R

E 5.10 3 80
L
3
=
.ln
.ln
= 0,303.10 [s ]
R
A
R
85
.
1
'.
1

Ket qua, diode D2 dan ien trong khoang 0.303 ms va T2 dan ien trong khoang:
T t d 2 = (2 1,0884 0,303).10 3 = 0,6084.10 3 [s ]
td2 tc =

V du 2.20:
ong c DC kch t oc lap c cap bi bo chopper bon vung (tong quat)-H2.65. Hay ve
dang song ien ap va dong ien khi ong c hoat ong phan t th 3 va th 4..
Hng dan:
S o mach:

H2.65

Qua trnh ien ap va dong ien-H2.66:

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C s Truyen ong ien

H2.66

a.) phan t th 3: I<0, U<0; b.) phan t th 4: I>0, U<0;

Bo bien oi kep tong quat c ap dung khi co yeu cau ao chieu toc o nhanh.
V du 2.21:
Cho ong c DC kch t oc lap c cap nguon bi bo bien oi chopper tong quat va ang
lam viec phan t th 3. Cac so lieu chnh: U = 120V, R = 0.5, L = 2.5mH, dong nh mc
Im = 20A; van toc nh mc nm = 3000rpm.
a.Xac nh sc ien ong nh mc E, va moment nh mc M.
b.neu n = -1200 rpm va dong tai co gia tr nh mc (I = -Im) xac nh ap trung bnh U, t
so tc / T = aon, va cac cc tr dong ien Imax ,Imin , cho biet tan so ong ngat fc=1kHz
c.xac nh trang thai moment a.) va b.)?
Hng dan:
a. Phng trnh ong c DC xac lap:
U=R.I+E
vi U =U = 120V, i = im = 20A, ta co:

E m = k kt .m = U R .I = 120 20.0 ,5 = 110 [V ]

k kt =

E m
=
m

110
= 0 ,35014 [V .s ]
3000
2 .
60

phan t th 3: U=R.I+E=0,5.(-20)+0,35014. 2
khoang thi gian dan ien tc cua T3 la:

tc
U
54
= 0 ,45
= =
T
U 120
1
1
t c = T .0 ,45 =
.0 ,45 =
.0 ,45 = 0 ,45.10 3 [ s ]
fch
10 3

Dong ien qua ong c:

2-67

1200
=-54[V]
60

C s Truyen ong ien

t .
U E
=
+ A.e L ; ( 0 < t < t c )
R

i ' =

( t tc ).
E
L ; ( t < t < T )
+ A'.e
c
R

Gia thiet dong lien tuc (i(tc) = i'(tc)) cho ta:

U'

A'
R
L
t c = . ln
A
R

ieu kien th hai xac nh t quan he dong trung bnh:

tc
t1

1
i .dt + i ' .dt =

T
tc
0

L
1 U' E
E
.t c
.(T t c ) +
=
T R
R
R

I =

t .
1 e c L

( T t c ).

L
.A + A'.1 e

T o:

U'
R
t c .
R
= e L ;
A

A'

1200
= 44 [V ]
60

U=-U; E = k kt . = 0 ,35014.2
A' +

120
0 ,5
0 ,45.10 3 .
0 ,5
2 ,5.10 3
=e
= 0 ,914
A

( 44 )
120 ( 44 )
20 = 10 3.
.0 ,55.10 3 +
.0 ,45.10 3
0 ,5
0
,
5

2 ,5.10 3
0 ,5

0 ,5

0 ,45.10 3 .
2 ,5.10 3
1 e

0 ,5

0 ,55.10 3 .

2 ,5.10 3
+

.
A
A
'.
1
e

-20 = -20 + 0.43A + 0.5205A'

0.43A + 0.5205A' = 0
A' + 240 = 0.914A
A = 137.62;
A' = -113.92
Dong cc tieu Imin = ia(0):
Imin = A +

U' E
120 ( 44 )
= 137 ,92 +
= 15 ,08 A
R
0 ,5

Tng t Imax = i'(tc): I max = A'

( 44 )
E
= 113 ,92 +
= 25 ,92 A
R
0 ,5

V du 2.22: Tnh toan mach loc

Bo giam ap co mach loc L-C pha nguon. ong c DC kch t oc lap khi ong vi dong
khong oi.

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C s Truyen ong ien

a.Khi =0,5, hay xac nh ham bieu dien cua tr hieu dung cc ai cua thanh phan xoay chieu
dong ich .
b. Cho fch = 400Hz, I = 100A, cho biet tr hieu dung thanh phan hai c ban dong qua nguon
khong vt qua 10% dong ien DC qua
nguon.Tu C=1mF u e chu c o ln
dong nhap nho la 5A rms . Xac nh Lf va Cf cua mach loc khi fch>2fr.
c. Tnh toan thanh phan hai bac 1 va 3 cua dong qua nguon.
Hng dan:
a. Xem H2.67.
Ta co:
I sdc = I . ;

I srms =

2
.d

= I .

(I

I sripple =

(I . )

= I . 2

H2.67

Thanh phan dong nhap nho cc ai khi

dI sripple
d

= 0 , ieu nay xay ra khi

= 1 / 2. Mach loc thiet ke theo ieu kien nay.

c. Cac thanh phan song hai dong ien khi = 0.5:

4 I
(sin t + sin 3 t + sin 5 t )
.
2.n
1
I sdc = I . = 100. = 50 A
2
4 100 1
= .
.
= 45 ,1733 [ A ]
2.1 2

i s = I sdc +

vi
I (1)rms

4 100 1
.
.
= 15 ,05 [ A ]
2.3 2
4 100 1
= .
.
= 9 ,03 [ A ]
2.5
2

I ( 3 )rms =
I ( 5 )rms

Gia thiet cho biet dong ac khong vt qua 10% dong dc cua nguon:
I (1) = I sdc

10
10
= 50.
= 5A
100
100

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C s Truyen ong ien

Xc
Xc
.I s(1) ; 5 =
.45 X L = 10.X c
XL Xc
XL Xc

I (1 ) =

hai c ban qua tu loc IC1 : I c (1) =

10 X c
XL
.I s(1) =
.45 = 50 A
XL Xc
10 X c X c

Do moi tu 1mF co the dan dong 5A, ta can au 10 tu song song va do o Cf = 10mF. Tr
khang cuon loc xL : X L = 10.X c = 10

2 .400.10.10 3

XL
0 ,398
=
= 0 ,15847.10 3 [ H ]
2 .400 2 .400

Lf =

Tan so cong hng fr:

fr =

2 Lf .C f

2 0 ,15847.10 3 .10 2

= 127 [ Hz ]

T so tan so ong ngat va tan so cong hng fr :

fch / fr = 400 / 127 = 3 ,15.fr

d. Thanh phan dong ac qua nguon sau khi loc :

I (1 ) =

I( 3 ) =

I( 3 ) =

I s(1)

fch 1
f
r

I s (1 ) / 3

3fch

fr

I s (1 )

/5
2

5 fch 1

fr

45
3 ,15 2 1

= 5A

15

(3.3 ,15 )2

(5.3 ,15 )2

= 0 ,17 A

= 0 ,036 A

mach loc LfCf lam giam manh dong ac qua nguon.

2-70

= 0 ,398 ;