C s Truyen ong ien

CHNG 2

TRUYEN ONG ONG C DC

Cac thong so c ban:
PN. cong suat s dung,
N van toc nh mc
MN Moment nh mc
N ; P1N ; PN .. hieu suat, Cong suat tac dung, cong suat ton hao.
P1N =

PN
N

(2.1)

UaN; IaN ien ap phan ng nh mc, dong ien phan ng nh mc

UfN, IfN ien ap kch t nh mc, dong ien kch t nh mc.
Kha nang qua tai:
Mmax moment cc ai cho phep; M max M N

(2.2)

Iamax .. dong ien phan ng cc ai cho phep I a max I aN

Cac gia tr nh mc thiet lap theo ieu kien phat nong khi tai lien tuc. Cac gia tr cc
ai thiet lap bi ieu kien chuyen mach va ong c ch co the lam viec trong thi gian ngan,
khong lam hong choi than va co gop. Thong thng t so I a max I aN thiet lap cho toan pham vi
ieu chnh van toc. ong c ln, t so tren thay oi theo toc o lam viec. Noi chung, van
toc ln, gia tr dong cc ai cho phep nho hn gia tr dong ien nh mc.
Thong so lien quan en nguon (Nguon ien chnh lu): gii han cho phep cua thanh
phan xoay chieu cua ien ap chnh lu, thanh phan xoay chieu cua dong ien chnh lu. Cac
thanh phan xoay chieu co trong nguon ap lam tang o ln ien ap tc thi tren cac thanh gop,
cac thanh phan xoay chieu cua dong ien lam tang ton hao va lam qua trnh chuyen mach kho
khan.
Cac thong so khac:
La,Ra, a = La Ra cam khang, ien tr va hang so thi gian mach phan ng
Lf,Rf, f = Lf Rf cam khang, ien tr va hang so thi gian cuon kch t.
2.1 PHAN LOAI VA MO HNH TOAN HOC
Phan loai:
ong c DC kch t oc lap (separatedly excited)

2-1

C s Truyen ong ien

ong c DC kch t song song (shunt)

ong c DC kch t noi tiep (series)
ong c DC kch t hon hp (compound)

H2.1

Phng trnh mo ta ong c che o xac lap:

E = k kt .m

(2.3)

M = k kt .I

(2.4)
(2.5)

U = E + R .I

t thong i qua mot cc

I dong ien phan ng, u ien ap phan ng, R ien tr mach phan ng, m van toc
goc cuon day phan ng, M moment ong c, C hang so cua ong c.
ac tnh c ien M ( ), ( M ) :
m =
m

U
R
I
kkt kkt

(2.6)

U
R
=
M
kkt ( kkt ) 2

2-2

C s Truyen ong ien

H2.2

ac tnh c ien trong ieu kien thay oi cac tham so mach:

H2.3

V du 2.1: Cho ong c DC kch t oc lap vi tham so:

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C s Truyen ong ien

k ktm = 3.0V . sec ; U m = 600V

R = 2.0 ; I m = 5.0 A

a/-Xac nh cac tham so Mm, Mk, Im, Ik khi nguon ien cap bang nh mc.
b/- Xac nh ien ap nguon ien cap e dong khi ong bang 6 lan gia tr nh mc
c/- Trong trng hp giam dong khi ong bang ien tr phu noi tiep vi phan ng, xac nh
o ln ien tr phu e at gia tr dong nh cau b/Hng dan:
a/-

M m = kkt m .I m = 3 x 5 = 15 Nm
M k = U m .
I k =

kkt
3
= 600
= 900Nm
R
2

U m
= 300 A
R

b/- U d = Ik .R = 6 x 5 x 2 = 60V
c/-

R ph + R =
R ph =

Ud
U
= m
Ik
Ik

600
Um
R =
2 = 18
Ik
30

2.1.1 ONG C DC KCH T SONG SONG VA KCH T OC LAP

S o- xem H2.4.
-dong kch t khong oi t thong khong oi
k kt = K = const

(2.7)

He phng trnh (2.3) .(2.6) c viet lai:

E = kktm .m

U = E + R .I

(2.8)

M = kktm .I
m =
m =

U
R
I

kktm kktm

(2.9)

U
R
M

kktm kktm 2

o th quan he m(M):

2-4

C s Truyen ong ien

H2.4

oi vi ong c loai nho va va, o giam van toc t khong tai en ay tai khoang 5%.
ng dung: ong c DC kch t oc lap c ng dung khi co yeu cau ieu chnh toc o chnh
xac.

V du 2.2: Cho ong c DC kch t song song vi cac tham so sau:

Um = 200V ; Im = 10 ,5 A; nm = 2000v / ph;
R = 0 ,5 ;

Rkt = 400 ; Mt = M m

Tnh toan van toc ong c khi nguon ien cung cap Ud=175V. Gia thiet mach t tuyen tnh va
moment tai khong oi.
Hng dan:

U d1 = 200 ;
k1 ;
n1
U d 2 = 175 ;
k 2 ;
n2
E1 = U d1 R .I 1 = 200 10 ,5 x 0 ,5 = 195V
E 2 = U d 2 R .I 2 = 175 11,4 x 0 ,5 = 169 ,3V
E ~ k.n

k1 .n1
E1
=
E2
k 2 .N 2

n2 =

E 2 k1 .n1 169 ,3
1
=
x
x 2000 = 1984 ,5v / ph
E 1 k 2
195
0 ,875

175
= 0 ,875.k1
200
= k1 .I 1

k 2 = k1 x

k 2 .I 2
I 2 =

k1
10 ,5
.I 1 =
= 11,4 A
k 2
0 ,875

2.1.2. ONG C DC KCH T NOI TIEP

S o: xem H2.5.
-t thong la ham bien thien theo dong phan ng. Trong vung khong bao hoa t:
k kt = K f .I

(2.10)

2-5

C s Truyen ong ien

Thay vao (2.2), (2.3):

H2.5
M = K f .I
m =
m =

U
R + R kt

K f .I
Kf
U

K f .M

(2.11)

R + R kt
Kf

Ghi chu:
ac tnh ien c- xem hnh H2.5. at moment ln toc o thap va moment giam dan
khi toc .to tang len
ng dung: phu hp cho tai oi hoi moment khi ong ln hoac moment qua tai ln.
Thong thng cac ong c DC co the van hanh en toc o hai lan nh mc. Do o, khong ap
dung he truyen ong tren neu ong c chay toc o ln hn hai lan nh mc khi tai nho.
V du 2.3:
Cho ong c DC kch t noi tiep 220V chay thuan chieu kim ong ho vi toc o 1000
vong/phut va co dong ien qua mach phan ng bang 100A. ien tr mach kch t va mach
phan ng eu bang nhau va bang 0,05 . ong c keo tai vi moment khong oi.
Hay xac nh o ln, chieu quay cua van toc va gia tr dong ien qua phan ng neu ta
thc hien ao cac cc nguon ien cap cho phan ng va so vong day cuon ng giam con 80%.
Hng dan:
Vi cung o ln dong ien qua mach phan ng (va kch t):
n' = 80% xn k' = 80% xk

M1 = k1 .I1 = k.I21
M 2 = k2 .I 2 = 0 ,8.k.I2 2

Gia thiet cho:

M1=M2

k.I 21 = 0 ,8.k.I 2 2

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C s Truyen ong ien

I 2 =

I 1
0 ,8

100
0 ,8

= 111,8 A

Dau am cua dong ien la do s ao chieu cua ien ap nguon gay ra.
E1=220-110.(0,05+0,05)=210V
E2=-[220-111,8.(0,05+0,04)]=-209,94V
E = k n .n

E1 = k n 1 .n1 = K n I 1 .n1

E 2 = k n 2 .n 2 = K n .0 ,8.I 2 .n 2

n2 =

E 2 I 1 n1
209 ,94 100 1000
=
.
.
= 1117 ,7 [ v / ph ]
E1 I 2 0 ,8
210
111,8 0 ,8

2.1.3. ong c DC kch t hon hp

Ket hp gia kch t noi tiep va kch t song song
2.1.4. ong c DC van nang
ong c van nang la mot dang ong c DC kch t noi tiep co the chay bang nguon
ien DC hoac AC, cau tao cua no c thiet ke e phu hp vi nguon ien AC.
Khi cap nguon AC cho ong c, moment tao nen ch tac ong theo 1 hng va dao
ong bien thien vi tan so 100Hz (tan so li bang 50Hz). e giam dao ong c hoc, moment
quan tnh cua he truyen ong phai ln.
ong c kch t noi tiep khong hoat ong tot khi nhan nguon AC, tia la manh xuat
hien tren thanh gop va he so cong suat nguon thap ong c van nang.
Phan ln cac ong c van nang hoat ong toc o tren 3000 vong/phut (ay la gia tr
van toc cc ai cua ong c khong ong bo f nguon 50Hz). Nhieu ong c at en toc o
12.000 tham ch 20.000 vong/phut. Do van hanh van toc ln nen ong c van nang thng
co kch thc nho hn nhieu so vi ong c khong ong bo co cung cong suat.
Nhc iem: bao tr thng xuyen va tuoi tho ngan.
ong c van nang la ong c re nhat trong cac loai ong c co kha nang chay toc o
cao vi kch thc nho gon. Tng lai, co ong c ong bo kch t vnh cu khong choi than va
ong c khong ong bo mot pha cap nguon bang bien tan la co the canh tranh vi no.
2.1.5. ong c DC kch t vnh cu
-kch t bang nam cham vnh cu t thong khong oi van toc ieu khien toi a
bang nh mc.
-cong suat nho cho en 5kW
-khong b s co mat kch t
2.1.6 ong c DC servo motor
Servo motor c thiet ke e van hanh vi ap ng qua o co chat lng cao, ieu
khien chnh xac va han che hien tng phong tia la khi chuyen mach.
Bang 1.1 Thong so c ban cua mot so ong c dc
J[kg.m2]
Loai
Mm[Nm] Pm[kW] Wm[rad/s] Um[V] R.Im[V] [s]
2SFT100 Mez
BRNO

1AH803F

2,5

312

160

25

2,42.10-3

5,18.10-3

1,31.103

11

84

220

34

0,0125

0,33

2-7

C s Truyen ong ien

1AH810F
3AS4652F/6
3AS5858F/10
2AS7071F/18

0,95.103
1,06.104
1,06.105
0,9.106

55
500
1.600
4.800

57
47
15
5,3

2-8

220
600
930
930

28
29
48
60

0,02
0,03
0,05
0,05

3,3
155
2.700
65.000