Trang 1/ chuong 1.

doc Dan bai ien t cong suat II A

Mon boc lFN T CONG SAT ll A
1HlL1 KL - DlL| KHlLN - |NC D|NC)

TAl tlF THAM kHAO
- lovor Loctroncs : Convortors , Appcutons , und Dosgn , NLD MOHAN ,
Nov York, ohn \oy, 3 rd odton 2003 .
- Loctrc drvos, lon odou, CkC, 2
nd
odton 2005
- Modorn lovor Loctroncs und AC Drvos, .K.oso, lrontco Hu,
Lngovood Cs, N. ., 2003
- Doo chnh 1o dong 1royon dong don, o ooc Khunh vu mot so tuc gu khuc,
NX Khou hoc Ky thout, Hu no, n un 2, 200l
- Doo khon so dong co don, Vo vun Dounh, NX Khou hoc Ky thout, Hu no,
l999

CHONG TklNH
Cboong mot : Cuc ngut don bun dun
1nh chon vu buo vo Much u ngut don.
Cboong bai : o ngoon mot choo bun dun
Cuc bo ngoon mot choo doo khon phu : So do kho - phum v ong dong Cuc
booc thot ko 1nh toun much oc
Much phut xong doo khon phu
Ho thong doo khon nhoo vong.
Cup don dong ngut: So do kho Khuo sut cup don dong bo bon do ou lybuck.
Much doo khon.
Cboong ba: Ho thong doo khon dong co mot choo dong bo bon do
Cuc vun do cou troyon dong don to dong dong bo bon do
So do ho thong chnh oo dong co vu cuc cho do um voc Co thoo bo bon do duo
choo vu troyon dong don duo choo qouy.
Ho thong dong bo bon do up mot choo tChoppor) Ho thong doo khon dong co chup
hunh mot choo.
H1 doo khon dong co booc.
Cboong bon : Ho thong doo khon dong co xouy choo dong bo bon do
Duc tnh dong co xouy choo : lhoong trnh duc tnh co - so um voc o ngoon khong
hnh sn.
Doo chnh up dong co xouy choo : so do kho dong dong co KD.
Doo chnh tun so dong co xouy choo : cuc ngoyon tuc thuy do don up , hun cho song
hu - so do doo khon nghch oo ngoon up - so do doo khon bon tun V/l . Doo khon vocto.
Doo khon dong co dong bo.
Trang 2/ chuong 1.doc Dan bai ien t cong suat II A
Cboong nam: o ngoon xouy choo bun dun
Ngoon tun so cong nghop : Ngoyon y On up AC vu |lS.
Ngoon tun so cuo vu gu nhot cum ong : ngoyon tuc gu nhot cum ong - nghch oo no
top - nghch oo song song . Cuc bo ngoon tun so cuo dong thyrstor
***********************************************************************************
CHONG MOT : h0AT BEh BAh 0Ah
l. TlNH CHON NBD :
1. Loai linh kien cong sut:
a. Diod: - Chnh lu (+ tan so thap),
phuc hoi nhanh (fast recovery) lam viec tan so cao.
- cong nghe thng sut ap moi noi pn 0.7 V, Schotty sut ap moi
noi pn 0.3 V, chnh lu tan so cao nhng ap khoa thap.
b. SCR: - Chnh lu, Nghch lu.
- ac tnh cc cong: amplified: dong kch be, LASCR: kch bang
quang
c. GTO va Thyristor-co-cau-truc-phc-tap: S dung cho bo bien oi dung NBD mot
chieu (tat cng bc) cong suat ln, ap rat cao.
- BJT: - SW: ong ngat, AF: am tan, IF hay HF: cao tan, low noise: t nhieu.
- Chon theo he so khuech ai, Darlington
- MosFET: AF (t gap), SW (thong dung), dong < 60A (dong nh mc giam
nhanh khi ap khoa tang).
- IGBT: co the xem la noi tang MosFET + BJT, ch co cong dung ong ngat,
che tao dong ln (> vai chuc A).
2.nh mc ap: V
DRM
> k
atV
* V
lvmax

V
lvmax
: Ap lam viec max. V
DRM
: Ap khoa.
k
atV
: he so an toan ap 2.
3. nh mc dong:
C s cho viec tnh chon nh mc dong las phat nong cua linh kien khi lam viec.
ieu kien:
Nhiet o moi noi
J
< Nhiet o cho phep
cp

- S truyen nhiet t tinh the ban dan ra moi trong xung quanh:
moi noi
J
vo SCR
C
tan nhiet
H
moi trng
A
.
Trang 3/ chuong 1.doc Dan bai ien t cong suat II A
tng ng phng trnh:
) R R R ( P
HA CH JC A J
+ + =
+ R
JC
: ien tr nhiet moi noi (Junction) vo (Case)
+ R
CH
: ien tr nhiet vo tan nhiet (Heatsink)
+ R
HA
: ien tr nhiet tan nhiet moi trng (Ambience)
Giai mach TCS => ton hao cong suat P
Tnh toan nhiet =>
J
.
Neu
J
<
cp
th nang nh mc linh kien (giam
R
JC
) hay cai thien ieu kien tan nhiet (giam R
HA
, R
CH
).
- Cac yeu to anh hng en kha nang tai:
Lc ep va be mat tiep xuc linh kien tan nhiet.
Nhiet o moi trng.
Che o tan nhiet: trong buong kn, oi lu t
nhien, cng bc.

Cach la linh kien cong suat vo
T022OAB vao tan nhiet
- Phng phap tnh gan ung: Chon theo dong trung bnh hay hieu dung + kiem tra
nhiet o vo linh kien.
Dong lam viec trung bnh I
O
< Gia tr trung bnh nh mc I
AVE
hay
Dong lam viec hieu dung I
R
< Gia tr hieu dung nh mc I
RMS
Quan he gia hai gia tr nay cua chnh lu (D hay SCR):
I
RMS
= 1.57 I
AVE

oi vi transistor (BJT, MosFET): xem cac o th cua nha san xuat, I
RMS
, I
AVE
la
ham so cua dang dong ien.
He so an toan dong 1.3 2.
- S dung dong ien max cho cac linh kien gan mach in hay nh mc be (< 20A).
4. Cach lap at (vo case), che o tan nhiet (SCR), che o cach ien vi vo.

T022OAB T048 T0118 T02OOAB A00 AFAK
(T02O8AA) (T02OOAE)
5. Phan loai theo chat lng:
Hang khong, quan s cong nghiep thng mai.

Trang 4/ chuong 1.doc Dan bai ien t cong suat II A
ll. AO VF tlNH klFN VA :
1.Bao ve dong:
+ Bao ve dong cc ai ( ngan mach qua dong tc thi):
Cau ch tac ong nhanh: thong so

T
2
dt i (tch phan dong bnh phng): bao
ve linh kien cong suat.
Cau ch thong thng: Tach ri phan h hong, han che lan truyen.
CB ( ngat mach t ong Aptomat ): nh cau ch thong thng
+ Bao ve qua tai ( qua dong co thi gian ):
CB ( ngat mach t ong Aptomat )
R le nhiet
Mach han dong cua bo ieu khien vong kn.
2. Bao ve ap: (qua ap dang xung)
(4)
260v
RF45O
T FR1O5
C
1O8
1Ok
R4

RC noi tiep mac song song (1), Varistor la loai ien tr giam nhanh khi ap ln hn tr
so ngng (2), va cac bo loc nhieu nguon(3) gom cac mac loc LC hnh . Co the chong cac
xung ap mach DC bang mach D + R + C nh hnh (4).
RC (Snubber) song song ngat ien.
ll. MACH tAl ND: S o khoi he thong ieu khien BB:
ic u kbic n
oo ng kin
Ma cb
pba t xung
Kbuc cb Ja i
xung
Gbc p
no i
ic u kbic n Ma cb /a i (Jriocr
NBD

1. Mach lai Thyristor: Phan loai theo cach
ghep.
a. Ghep trc tiep:
Mach lai = mach khuech ai dong,
thng tai cc E, cung cap I
G
> I
GT

So lieu thng gap:
V
GT
= 2 volt ; I
G
= I
m
/K
I
vi K
I
= 100..300

6V
XUNG DK
SCR
R?
R C1
O.1 uF
R5
2.2 ohm
R2
22O
R8
1OO
R1
1OO
R4
2.2 ohm
01
C1OG1

b. Ghep quang:
Muc ch: cach ly ieu khien - ong lc
Trang 5/ chuong 1.doc Dan bai ien t cong suat II A
Dung OPTRON (Optocoupler) transistor
(thong dung) va OPTRON Triac ho MOC e
ieu khien ap AC be hn hay bang 220 V.
OPTRON = LED + linh kien quang ien;
dung e truyen xung qua moi trng quang.
OPTRON thong thng co thi gian tre ln
hn vai micro giay => tan so toi a en vai
chuc KHz.
6V
OPTO1
1
2
4
3
Q1
Q2
1K
2.2 ohm
2.2 ohm
R1
4K7
4k7
R2
100
4K7 SCR

SJ do kich SCR dung 0FTR0h thong thuJng.
OPTRON ho MOC cua Motorola co linh
kien quang ien la phototriac co ap khoa en
400 volt, dong vai chuc mA cho phep kch
TRIAC < 10 A trc tiep ien 220 VAC



Hng dan s dung OPTRON ho MOC
(cua Motorola) e lai TRIAC.




c. Ghep bien ap:
Nguyen tac bien ap xung (BAX): Khi at ham nac vao s cap BAX, dong t hoa s
cap va t thong loi thep tang theo ham mu va th cap se co ap cam ng t le vi ao ham
t thong loi thep nay. Khi ap s cap bang 0 (het xung), dong t hoa cua BAX can co ng
phong ien (thng qua D phong ien song song ngc s cap).
Trang 6/ chuong 1.doc Dan bai ien t cong suat II A
Mach lai xung he:

Dang xung dong, ap
VCC
02
01
8k8
8k8
8k8
01
BAX
8.8 ohm
02
47n
1OO
SCR

Mach lai xung hep dung BAX
Yeu cau cua dang xung e BAX lam viec:
+ Thi gian co xung u nho e mach t khong bao hoa.
+ Thi gian ngh u ln e dong t hoa bien ap (khep mach qua diod phong
ien D2) ve 0.
= > BAX truyen c xung hep: thi gian ngh >> thi gian co xung.
Mach lai SCR xung rong dung BA:

Ap pha
220/9 VAC
47n
SCR
1OO
SCR F
22
BAX
BAX

Mach su dung SCR hu

K
Dao ong
T1
TRAhSCT
028
025
R8G
8.8
C22
2u2
R87
1OO
SCR
01
8k8
8k8
01O
24VX

Mach su dung chuoi xung
2. Mach lai Transistor:
a. Dang xung ieu khien toi u:
- Th nghiem ong ngat tai R va RL:

VCC
VCC
C
i
C
i
CE
o
CE
o
0
R1
R2
vBB
Rt
L
0
Rt
R1
R2
vBB

(a) Dong ap tai R

(b) Dang dong ap khong va co Snubber (1)
tai RL
Trang 7/ chuong 1.doc Dan bai ien t cong suat II A
Nhan xet dong ap tren transistor khong thay oi tc thi khi ong ngat chng to la
cong suat tc thi tieu tan tren linh kien rat ln luc nay. S phat nhiet nay khong ang ke
khi tan so ong ngat be nhng tr len la tieu hao chnh cua transistor khi lam viec trong cac
bo bien oi hien ai co tan so ong ngat ln .


I
I
I
cb
Jt
ng
t

0ang dong cuc B toi uu cho dong ngat

B
i
0
R2
vBB
C
0
R
R1
mach Snubber
e giam toi thieu ton hao cong suat nham nang tan so lam viec len cao:
+ Dung mach ho tr chuyen mach (v du nh mach Snubber cho qua trnh ngat)
+ Dung mach lai tao dong cc B toi u e transistor co the chuyen mach nhanh.
Tu moi noi BE co anh hng ln en qua trnh ong ngat cua BJT. Dong I
B
toi u
phai co khanang np va xanhanh tu ien nay.
I
cb
la tr so dong ien cng bc nap tu e BJT ong nhanh, I
dt
la dong ien va u
duy tr s bao hoa cua transistor (khong bao hoa sau) va I
ng
la dong xa tu, giup tat nhanh.
b. S o ghep trc tiep:
- Tac dung RB, tu gia toc.(a)
- Transistor Darlington va nguyen ly mach kep Baker (b)
- Mach lai tch cc (d)
- VCC
VCC
(a (b (c (J
0
R2
vBB
C
R8
01
02
R1
R2
0
0
02
01
1uF
2.2k
0
T
R1

c. Ghep bien ap va mach lai t le (c)
d. Ghep bang quang (OPTRON): Dung nguon oc lap cho mach lai.
OPTRON (Cach ly tn hieu K) + sa dang + khuech ai cong suat (Ghep trc tiep).
Mach ien tng t nh lai SCR.




Trang 8/ chuong 1.doc Dan bai ien t cong suat II A
3. Mach lai MosFET va IGBT:
- ieu khien bang ap.
- Cac thong so:
Ngng ien ap ieu khien 3 5 V
Tieu bieu 0 10 V (hay 15 V)
+/- 10 V (hay 15 V)
Gii han h hong cc cong (thong
thng) +/- 20 V
- Mach lai:
Tan so thap: lai trc tiep t vi mach 12V
G
S
D
0 .. 15volt
C4
330p
Dz7v2
R11
510/3W 22K
D4
47

Mach lai M0SFET 5 7 A lam viec J BBB
Flyback 5O kh/.
Tan so cao: Mach lai tng t BJT nhng cap ien 15 20V.
4. Mach lai MOSFET cong suat co bao ve dong:
Hnh 4.19 c trch t mot tap ch ien t cong nghiep e tham khao mot mach lai
MosFET cong suat co bao ve dong. ong c mot chieu M la tai cua BB xung ien ap vi
ngat ien la MosFET 12A / 60V, ma hieu IRF131. Tac ong bao ve dong c thc hien
qua R - S Flip Flop. Nguyen ly nay con gap trong cac vi mach ieu khien bo nguon xung.
+V
OPTPON
VI PHAN
P8 FF
CONG
8O
8ANH
P -Q
8 Q
M
0
ShuhT
0
max
BK

hinh 4.1O (a)
+V
15v 15v
1
2 J
4
6
6
7
jcrritc
i
o
C
0FTR0h
1
2
4
3
88O
1OK
1k
1nF
O.88 ohm
1OO
RF181
2h2222
22O
1K
M
0
(b)
R - S flip flop, c set moi au chu ky ong ngat va reset khi dong vt qua gia
tr cho phep. Nh vay khi co qua dong,
MosFET se b khoa ngay, nhng lai c
cho phep chu ky ong ngat ke tiep.
Ket qua la khi co qua dong, o rong
xung tng oi se giam e han che dong cc
ai. Cac dang song cho hnh 4.19.c:
4: ngo ra cong NAND 4, la tn hieu
ieu rong xung t mach ieu khien, qua
optron.
t
t
t
t
4
J
C
i
7
o

hinh 4.1O.c
3: ngo ra cong NAND 3, tn hieu set cua RS flip flop.
C: cc C cua BJT 2N2222, xuong thap khi dong vt qua gia tr at xac nh bang
bien tr 100 ohm, noi song song vi shunt 0.33 ohm e lay tn hieu dong i
O
.
7: tn hieu cc cong MosFET.
Cac cong NAND 6, 1, 2, 7 s dung CD4011 la CMOS cap ien 15V, lai trc tiep
MosFET bang day dan i qua ong ferrite e chong dao ong va nhieu tan so cao, v tr cua
7 co the dung cong NAND song song e tang kha nang tai dong. Cac cong 4, 3, 5 la cac
Trang 9/ chuong 1.doc Dan bai ien t cong suat II A
cong NAND Smit-tri-g CD4093 cho phep sa dang xung.
5. Mach lai GTO:
Nguyen lyieu khien:
kch dan I
A
/I
G
= vai chuc
kch ngat I
A
/-I
G
< 10 nh Vbias.
Snubber co C ln khac phuc
nhc iem du/dt thap
Xung I
G
co bien o ln do C
phong ien, - I
A
/I
G
< 10 .
- Mach v du.

+V
- Vbias
R1
R2
01 02
Sw2
C1
08
E
Sw1
T
0T0

6. Cach tao nguon am cho BJT, IGBT va GTO:

ta i < 1A
5v
08
1h4OO7
1h4OO7 1Ou
BK
1k
R2
8k8
R4

ta i 10A
24v
MosFET 0Z1
12v
1k
R4 0FT0
1
2
4
3
8k8
R4


SO SANH 2 MACH LAI SAU:


10 mA
15v
08
88O
R8
C
1O8
22O
R5
8k8
R4
0FT0
1
2
4
3

0
B
T

h
a
y

M
o
s
F
E
T
1k
R2

10 mA
15v
MosFET
01
1k
R4
0FT0
1
2
4
3
88O
R5
1OO
R8
0Z1
12v