Professional Documents
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Program Pengembangan Energi Bersih Indonesia (ICED) Adalah program yang dibiayai oleh USAID Jangka waktu 3.5 tahun (Maret 2011 September 2014) Target propinsi: terbuka seluruh wilayah Indonesia dengan fokus Aceh, Sumatra Utara dan Riau Pengembangan Proyek Energi Terbarukan yang dibantu: Pembangkit listrik tenaga air, biomas, biogas, angin, solar pv/hybird skala kecil (10 MW) Pengembangan Proyek Energi Efisiensi yang dibantu: di sektor Industri, Bangunan dan Transportasi Hibah (grant) untuk pengembangan komunitas daerah yang memanfaatkan energi terbarukan
1
Policy & Coordination Enabling a conducive policy environment to develop CE projects
4 million tons CO2e avoided 120 MW installed capacity At least $120 million public and private funding leveraged At least 20 small and medium sized projects implemented 1.2 million persons with increased access to clean energy $250 million in reduced subsidy due to tariff increase and replacement of diesel fuel
Archive number
Observations Limited number of successful operating grid-connected projects Projects are characterized as small but complex in terms of site, resource and technology Growing interest from both domestic and foreign sources of financing
Policy
Ministry Energy Ministry Agriculture Bappenas PLN HQ & Regional Provincial & Regency Gov
Financing
Bank Indonesia 3 Commercial Banks 2 Syariah Banks 5 Non Bank Financial Institutions
Singapura
Pilipina Vietnam
Biomas Biogas Biomas Biogas (Agri (Agri (Non (Non Waste) Waste) Agri Agri Waste) Waste)
Source: USAID-ICED
Vietnam
Agricultural Biomass
Woody Biomass
392
Total 782 MW
54
Total 72 MW
10 3 12
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
STEAM TURBINE
MSW
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
STEAM TURBINE
MSW
Excess Power
IPP
Excess Power
IPP
Internal Use
ACEH
NORTH SUMATERA
RIAU
OTHER PROVINCE
ACEH
NORTH SUMATERA
RIAU
OTHER PROVINCE
Other Tech
Biogas / Biomass
Hydro
Other Tech
Biogas / Biomass
Hydro
ICED Approach Improve policy framework at national and regional level Improve PPAs & other agreements Link financing sources with high quality projects and companies Show case success stories, share lessons learned
CE Development Challenges Lack of Project Financing Undercapitalized developers/sponsors with limited track record; Limited operating projects as examples Limited domestic capability in equipment and services
Feedstock
4.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
UNPROVEN TECHNOLOGY LACK OF CAPACITY LACK OF SUCCESS STORY LACK OF INFORMATION HIGHER MAINTENANCE COST ETC.
1.
Technology
2. 3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
BIOMASS FEED IN TARIFF ISSUE INCENTIVES ISSUE PPA ISSUE ELECTRICITY SUBSIDY ETC.
Regulatory Risks
Infrastructure conditions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
LIMITED PLN GRID LIMITED ROAD ACCESS WATER AVAILIBILITY LAND AVAILIBILITY ETC.
Value
Ash
Source: Takuma
Boiler
Problem umum didalam pembakaran Tandan kosong kelapa sawit tanpa pretreatment) Abu pembakaran tankos meleleh dan membentuk Clinker/Lapisan Kerak Lapisan kerak pada grate akan mengakibatkan terhentinya proses pembakaran dan menurunnya efisiensi boiler
Pembentukan Clinker pada grate boiler Titik leleh rendah + ruang bakar yang kurang bersih pembentukan Clinker Clinker terbentuk di permukaan grate sehingga mengganggu proses pembakaran. Akibatnya, pengoperasian boiler harus diberhentikan berulang kali untuk keperluan servis dan pembersihan. Availibilitas sistem pembangkit akan menurun karena adanya waktu pemeliharaan yang lebih panjang
Source : USAID-ICED
Pretreatment Tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebelum digunakan sebagai bahan bakar
Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
23% berat Tandan Buah Segar
Cangkang g
Serat
Tandan Kosong
Moisture : 65 69%; Calorific Value : 18 MJ/kg (0% m.c.); 4.3 MJ/kg (67% m.c.) Untuk Sumber Energi
Mengurangi ukuran dan kandungan air Pengurangan Kandungan Air < 40%
When project site is at a distance from the biomass source, Project Sponsor may consider the use of fuel pre-treatment technology to optimize transportation cost Transporting feedstock with relatively low energy or high moisture content will be very inefficient Pre-treatment at the palmoil miller or rice miller site will be required: shredding, pressing, and pelletization
Key Characteristics: Use Reciprocating Gas Engines Can be used as CHP system High Complexity Operational aspect: Difficult Typical size < 3 MWe Technology status: early commercial Reliability: Poor to reasonable
Medium Medium
High Low
Fast*** Fast***
Low Moderate
High Moderate
**Steam turbine plants 1 -5%/min *** Gas Engines 20%/min, Gas Turbine 20%/min
Follow best practice, engineering standard and use the most cost effective technology Technically safe site and ensure environment parameters are respected i.e. air, waste water quality, noise. Public acceptance
Project Developer Location Legal Construction Cost Overrun Operation & Maintenance Off taker
Mechanism
Own Project
BOO
BOT
Project Initiation
Feasibility Study
PPA
Financing
Constructi on
COD
Small-scale renewable energy Independent Power Project (IPP) may take 3 to 5 years from the project initiation to commercial operation date (COD), during which Project Sponsor would have to identify project opportunity, conduct feasibility study, obtain all relevant permits, enter into a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with PLN as the traditional off-taker, reach financial closure, and implement the construction work. Under the MEMR Regulation No. 14/2012, Project Sponsor may enter into a PPA with PLN through a direct appointment process, using a standard renewable energy Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for a fixed term (period) and at power purchase prices set by regulated feed in tariff (FIT) under MEMR Regulation No. 4/2012. While purchase price is fixed, it can be levelized or front loaded per guidance from PLN Director Decree. The PPA process has been standardized, and includes interaction with PLN and Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
OPPORTUNITIES:
Cost sharing on the development of micro scale biomass gasification pilot projects for community development with Financiers/EBTKE-ESDM/Small & Medium Business Enterprise and University
AMOUNT:
Maximum grant: ~ 100,000 USD/proposal.