120 Cu hi GD

1.Cc bc tin hnh hp ng mua bn quc t? 2.So snh u gi v u thu 3.So snh mi gii v i l 4.Mua bn i lu l g? Cc hnh thc? 5.S giao dch hang ha l g? c nhng hnh thc giao dch no? 6.Hp ng mua bn l g? ngha ca ngun lut iu chnh trong thng mi quc t. 7.Incoterms l g? Nhng ch khi s dng? 8.C nhng ch tiu cht lng no i vi hang k thut(ci ny t chu, xong hi thm v d l xe Honda:-s) 9.Bi tp v trng lng thng mi, ci ny d. 10.Dung sai l g? Gi dung sai quy nh ntn trong hp ng ( con bn t vo ci ny, tch lun:-s) 11.Phn bit LC vi nh thu. 12.LC l g? LC ko hy ngang l g? 13.Th no l bkk? ngha ca bt kh khng trong hp ng(cu ny ca t, hi thm, cc cch quy nh bkk trong hp ng-> tch:-<) 14. Th no l trng ti? c im? phn loi (hi thm, cc bc x = trng ti) 15.Th no l iu khon khiu ni? ngha v bn bn v mua? 16.Nghin cu thng nhn (c xong bn t ku ch hiu thng nhn l g, c gi l i tc kinh doanh) th cn nghin cu j? 17.m phn l g? Cc hnh thc m phn, u nhc (hi thm, v d cho vn phong tc tp qun, vn ha nh hng ti m phn trc tip)

18. Son tho cc iu khon hp ng than vi cc iu khon s lng cht lng, gi.(hi thm, ai cp giy php xut khu than:-s) 19. Quy trnh xut hang bng container? FCL, LCL 20.Quy trnh nhp hang bng container? 21. Vit Nam thng xut khu s dng c s giao hang no khi xut caf:-s 22.C/O l g? Cc loi CO chnh, ai cp? 23.Bi tp quy i cng iu kin tn dng, FOB-> CIF. 24. Ni dung ca L/C? quy tc lp L/C? Nhng thng tin cn kim tra ca L/C i vi ngi XK. 25. Ngha v ca ngi bn trong iu kin CIF? hng ha b hng hc do cht lng tu bo qun km th chi ph v tn tht thuc v ai? 26. Bo him theo iu kin CIF? 27. iu kin gi c? 28. Phn bit i l v mi gii? 29. Khi nim Incoterms? Lu khi s dng Incoterms? 30. iu khon trng ti? 31. Qu trnh giao hng ng trong container? 32. Lit k phiu ng gi? ng gi chi tit? 33. iu khon bao b? 34. Hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t l g? 35. Cc chng t php l khi nhn hng? 36. Hon gi? 37. Mua bn i lu? 38. Cc bc giao dch thng thng? 39. Khi nim, c im, phn loi ti xut? 40. ngha ca vic thng bo giao hng?

41. L/C hy ngang? 42. Cc bin php nghip v ti s giao dch hng ha? 43. Trng lng giao hng? 44. Khi nghin cu th trng trong nc th phi nghin cu nhng j? 45. Chun b hng ha xut khu? 46. Cch tnh trng lng b? 47. Cht lng go VN? 48. Phn bit tu chuyn, tu ch? 49. c im iu kin CFR? 50. Vit nam dng h thng o lng j? 51. So snh trch nhim ngi bn ca CIF v FOB? 52. Chuyn khu? 53. ngha C/O? 54. u im ca trng ti? 55. u gi vi u thu khc nhau ntn? 56. H thng o lng thng mi? 57. Cc iu khon thu tu theo CIF? 58. Hin trng xem hng trc? 59. Quy nh cht lng theo cc ch tiu i khi quen dng? 60. Phn bit hp ng thng mi v hp ng thng mi quc t? 61. Trnh by tiu chun cht lng ca hng cng nghip? 62. Lch s hnh thnh Incoterms? 63.Ni dung ca L/C v nhng thng tin cn kim tra i vi ngi xut khu. Mt s quy tc L/C ti VN. 64.Ph bo him theo k CIF. iu kin v gi c trong CIF 65.So snh hnh thc thanh ton nh thu v thanh ton bng L/C

66.Ni dung, phn loi, mc ch s dng ca ha n thng mi 67.So snh v phn loi i l, mi gii 68.Khi nim Incoterm,ngun lut iu chnh, ch khi s dng incoterm 69.iu kin trng ti thng mi 70.Quy trnh ng trong container v khiu ni 71.Lit k phiu ng gi, bao b, bn k chi tit 72.Ni dung iu kin c s giao hng 73.Cc chng t php l khi nhn hng 74.Ni dung hp ng mua bn i lu 75.Trnh by gii quyt tranh chp bng trng ti TM 76.Cc bc GD thng thng 77.Cch xin th tc hi quan 78.Phng thc c ph xut khu ca VN 79.KN, phn loi, c im ti xut 80. ngha ca thng bo giao hng, c bao nhiu ln thng bo 81.Nghin cu th trng trong nc th cn nghin cu nhng g ? 82. ngha ca C/O v nu cc loi C/O c VN 83.Cch thc xut khu go, cch quy nh go xut khu 84.u im s dng trng ti 85.Chun b hng ha trong Xut khu

86.1000MT+2%, gii thch ? 87. ngha iu kin c s giao hng trong iu khon gi ca hp ng 88.Tnh thi gian bnh qun( quy dn v thi gian ) ri chn ra cch no hiu qu hn khi cho li sut v gi trong FOB v CIF 89.Cht lng hng ha, quy nh phm cht,tiu chun k thut 90.Lut p dng trong hp ng, ngha. 91.Gi trong u thu khc u gi nh th no ? 92.Trung gian TM, h thng o lng TM. 93.u thu v cc bc tin hnh. 94.Bao b theo tuyn ng nh th no ?Tuyn ng l g ? 95.Trnh by quy nh theo cht lng theo mu hng. 96.VD v GD k hn trong mua bn hng ha ti s GD. 97.iu kin thu tu trong CIF. 98.VN c c cp C/O cho hng ha c xut x nc khc ko? 99.Trnh by v cc phng thc thanh ton . 100.Cc loi gia cng v phng thc thanh ton 101. Trinh by cc cng on GD ca TM in t. 102.Cc bc tin hnh nhp khu FOB, thanh ton bng L/C mt hng nguyn ph liu . 103.Quy trnh xut khu theo gi CIF hng ha hi sn. 104.Chng minh nhn nh sau l sai : incoterm iu chnh tt c cc iu khon hp ng .

105.Quy nh cht lng hng nng sn, hi sn. 106. KN v hi ch v trin lm . 107.Cc hnh thc khuyn mi xut khu . 108.Th no l nhng quyn mua bn hng ha . 109.Trnh by iu kin trng hp min trch. 110.Hy trnh by v gi c nh, gi c xt li, gi quy nh sau v gi trt. 111.c nhng laoij gim gi no v thc cht ca chng . 112.Trng hp no ng ta nn s dng FCA, CPT, CIP thay cho FOB, CIF, CFR. 113.Hy trnh by cc cch quy nh v thi hn giao hng v a im giao hng . 114. kim tra, nh gi hng ngoi thng, ng ta thng dng nhng phng php no. 115. qung co hng xut khu, chng ta c th vn dng nhng phng tin qung co no ? Phng tin qung co ny c u khuyt g ? 116.Hy CM cng thc tnh lng t hng tit kim EOQ v cho VD v cch tnh ? 117.Nhng cng c m phn t kt qu cao l nhng g ? 118.Sau khi hng xut c kim nghim v qua th tc hi quan, bn cn cn phi lm nhng g c th giao hng ln tu v ly vn n. 119.Hy trnh by nhng trng hp c th khiu ni ng bn,ng vn ti, ng bo him.

120.cho hng l g ? Ni dung ca n gm nhng g ? iu kin hiu lc ca n ? C nhng loi cho hng no ?

13. Ni dung hp ng mua bn i lu Trong 1 hp ng mua bn i lu gm c: - Cc danh mc hng ha: gm hng giao v nhn - S lng, gi tr hng ha - Gi c, cch xc nh gi c - iu kin giao hng: a im, thi hn giao hng, phng thc giao nhn.. - Thi gian, phng thc thanh ton - iu khon khiu ni, i bi thng - iu khon thc hin i lu (l im c bit trong H mua bn i lu). iu khon ny c thc hin bng 1 trong nhng phng php sau: + Dng th tn i ng: l th tn dng c hiu lc tr tin khi bn i tc cng m 1 th tn dng c s tin tng ng (nh vy bn no cng fi m L/C v cng fi giao hng) + Dng ngi th 3: (thng l ngn hng) khng ch chng t s hu hng ha v ch giao chng t cho bn nhn hng nu bn ny i li 1 chng t s hu hng khc c gi tr tng ng + Dng ti khon c bit ngn hng: theo di vic giao nhn hng ca 2 bn (n cui k nu cn s d th bn b n s fi giao nt hng hoc chuyn s d sang k sau chuyn tip hoc thanh ton bng ngoi t..) + Pht v giao hng thiu hoc chm: bn ko giao hoc chm giao phi np ft bng ngoi t mnh (mc ft 2 bn quy nh trong hp ng) 14. Trnh by gii quyt tranh chp bng trng ti thng mi C 2 loi trng ti c th dng gii quyt tranh chp gia 2 bn giao dch a. Trng ti quy ch: l hnh thc gii quyt tranh chp ti mt Trung tm trng ti theo quy nh ca Lut ny v quy tc t tng ca Trung tm trng ti . b. Trng ti v vic: l hnh thc gii quyt tranh chp theo quy nh ca Lut ny v trnh t, th tc do cc bn tho thun. (l hnh thc Trng ti thng mi) - a im trng ti: nc xut/nhp khu hoc nc b co/nguyn co hoc nc th ba (Khi giao dch vi cc cng ty TBCN, nc ta thng chn a im trng ti nc ta, nc anh em hoc nc b co) - Trnh t tin hnh trng ti + Tha hip trng ti: tha thun a tranh chp ra 1 hi ng trng ti (c th l iu khon chnh trong hp ng, c th l iu khon b sung sau khi k hp ng)

+ T chc y ban trng ti: c 2 cch . Mi bn chn 1 trng ti vin. Cc trng ti vin chn 1 trng ti th 3 lm ch tch . Hai bn chn cng 1 trng ti vin xt x + Tin hnh xt x: cc bn lin quan cung cp y bng chng. (Lu : Hi ngh vn tinh hnh xt x khi i din cc bn vng mt) + Ha gii: mc d a ra trng ti nhng nu 2 bn ng ha gii th v kin chm dt + Ti quyt: quyt nh ca y ban thng qua theo a s, l chung thm, c gi tr bt buc vi tt c cc bn + Chi ph trng ti: bn thua chu (tuy nhin cn tha thun k trong hp ng) Lut xt x: 2 bn quy nh trc hoc do y ban chn hoc cn c vo a im trng ti Chp hnh c thm: Lut trng ti thng mi http://thongtinphapluatdansu.wordpress.com/2010/07/07/5028-2/

15. Cc bc giao dch thng thng gm: a. Hi gi: tn hng, quy cch, phm cht, s lng, thi gian giao hng mong mun, loi tin, th thc thanh ton, iu kin c s giao hng.. - L li thnh cu bc vo giao dch ca bn Mua (mt Php lut) - Bn Mua ngh bn Bn bo gi c hng ha v iu kin mua hng (mt Thng mi) b. Cho hng: L li ngh k kt hp ng t bn Bn; gm Ch , ni dung, hnh thc, s lng - Cho hng c nh: c y cc yu t cn thit ca hp ng th hin ch mun rng buc Hp ng ca bn Bn - Cho hng t do: l li ngh gi cho nhiu ngi; ko rng buc trch nhim ca bn cho hng c. t hng: li ngh k kt hp ng t pha ngi mua: nu c th hng ha nh mua, quy cch, phm cht, s lng, thi hn giao hng, iu kin ring (nu c) d. Hon gi: gm nhiu s tr gi/mc c v gi, v iu kin giao hng e. Chp nhn cho hng: ng hon ton cc iu kin ca cho hng m fa bn kia a ra

Chp nhn v iu kin Chp nhn bo lu f. Xc nhn mua bn hng: qua vn kin xc nhn (giy xc nhn mua/bn hng ha)

Cu 5: Ni dung, phn loi, mc ch s dng ha n Thng mi Mi ngi xem trong gio trnh trang 229 nh, c rt y ri :D Cu 6: So snh, phn loi i l, mi gii: Ging : Cng l trung gian bun bn, c tc dng kin lp mi quan h gia ngi bn v ngi mua. Khc : i l Mi gii L t nhin nhn/ php nhn L thng nhn trung gian C th c y thc lm nhiu vic Ch l trung gian mua bn hng nh thu tu, bn hng, hi hng v.vv ha, dch v gia ngi bn vs ngi mua. C th ng tn mnh khi thc hin 1 hnh ng cho ngi y thc ( v Khng c ng tn mnh m d:i l hoa hng ) phi ng tn ngi y thc C th chim hu hng ha ( v d: Khng chim hu hng ha factor) hoc khng C th phi t chu chi ph ( i l kinh tiu ) hoc cng c th khng phi chu chi ph (i l th y hoc i l hoa Khng chu trch nhim c nhn hng) khi thc hin cng vic nhng trc ngi y thc nu khch phi chu trch nhim vi cng vic hng khng thc hin hp ng tr c y quyn. trng hp c y quyn. Quan h gia ngi y thc v i l l quan h hp ng i l Quan h gia ngi y thc v ngi mi gii da trn s y thc tng ln, khng da vo hp ng di hn Phn loi i l xem trong gio trnh nh, tr 11 :D Cu 7: Khi nim incoterms, ngun lut iu chnh, mt s ch khi s dng incoterms Khi nim: Incoterms (vit tt ca International Commerce Terms - Cc iu khon thng mi quc t) l mt b cc quy tc thng mi quc t c cng nhn v s dng rng ri trn ton th gii. Incoterm quy nh nhng quy tc c lin quan n gi c v trch nhim ca cc bn (bn bn v bn mua) trong mt hot ng thng mi quc t. Incoterm quy nh cc iu khon v giao nhn hng ho, trch nhim ca cc bn: Ai s tr tin vn ti, ai s m trch cc chi ph v th tc hi quan, bo him hng ho, ai chu trch nhim v nhng tn tht v ri ro ca hng ho trong qu trnh vn chuyn..., thi im chuyn giao trch nhim v hng ho. Ngun lut iu chnh : ci ny t chu, bn no bit th bo nh >.<

Mt s lu khi s dng Icoterms: 1. Incoterms ch p dng i vi hp ng ngoi thng m khng p dng cho hp ng ni thng. 2. Incoterms ch p dng cho hp ng mua bn hng ha dng vt cht (hu hnh), khng p dng cho hng ha phi vt cht (v hnh). 3. V tnh lut ca Incoterms: Incoterms ra i nm 1936 qua 6 ln sa i, 7 bn c gi tr nh nhau. Khi p dng Incoterms, cc bn c th tha thun thm nhng qui nh khc tri vi Incoterms. Incoterms do ICC ban hnh, cc bn tha thun dn chiu trong hp ng nhng khng c ngha mc nhin ICC l trng ti phn x tranh chp. 4. Incoterms khng th thay th cho hp ng mua bn quc t, n ch l mt phn ca hp ng mua bn quc t. 5. Hn ch s dng cc tp qun, thi quen thng mi hnh thnh t pht trong hot ng mua bn. 6. Trong trng hp chuyn ch hng ha bng container s dng vn ti ng thy, nn la chn iu kin FCA, CPT, CIP thay cho FOB, CFR, CIF. 7. Nn la chn iu kin trong Incoterms sao cho DN Vit Nam ginh quyn thu tu v mua bo him cho hng ha. Cu 8: iu kin trng ti thng mi: Ci ny chnh l iu kin v s lng, cc bn xem trong sch cho c t nh :D tr 104

28. L/C hy ngang v L/C khng hy ngang: a. L/C hy ngang: Revocable L/C L th tn dng m ngn hng m, c th sa i hoc hy b bt c lc no m khng cn s chp thun ca ngi hng Tnh cht: - L li ha tr tin, khng n nh - Ngi hng li thc hin th mt tnh cht c th hy ngang - L/C mang tnh cht tham kho - l/C c dng lm c s xin giy php Xut khu b. L/C khng hy ngang: Irrevocable L/C

L th tn dng m trong thi gian hiu lc ca n, NH m khng c quyn hy b hay sa i ni dung th tn nu khng c s ng ca ngi hng ngay c khi ngi yu cu m th tn dng ra lnh hy b hay sa di th tn dng . Tnh cht: - L cam kt chc chn i vi ngi bn trong vic thanh ton tin hng - C th c xc nhn bi mt ngn hng no theo yu cu ca ngn hng m L/C: gi l th tn dng khng hy ngang c xc nhn 29. Cc bin php nghip v ti s giao dch hng ha: a. Khi nim: s giao dch hng ha l mt th trng c bit ti thng qua nhng ngi mi gii do S giao dch ch nh, ngi ta mua bn cc loi hng ha c khi lng ln, c tnh cht ng loai, c phm cht c th thay th c cho nhau. b. c im: - Giao dch qua S giao dch hng ha din ra ti thi im, thi gian thc hin giao dch l c nh - Hng ha giao dch c tnh cht l hng ha ng loi, c tiu chun ha cao, c khi lng mua bn ln. - Vic mua bn thng qua thng nhn mi gii mua bn hng ha do S giao dch ch nh. Ngi mua v ngi bn khng giao dch trc tip vi nhau. - Vic mua bn hng ha thng qua nhng quy nh, tiu chun v s lng hng, phm cht v thi hn giao hng - S giao dch hng ha th hin tp trung quan h cung cu v mt mt hng giao dch trong mt khu vc mt thi im nht nh, th hin c s bin dng ca gi c. do , gi cng b ti s giao dch hng ha c dng lm gi tham kho trong mua bn quc t c. Cc loi giao dch S giao dch hng ha: - Giao dch giao ngay: L giao dch trong hng ha c giao ngay v tr tin ngay vo lc k kt hp ng. c im: + Hp ng hin vt theo mu Hp ng ca S giao dch + Gi giao ngay + Giao dch ny chim t l nh khong 10% trong cc giao dch ti s giao dch - Giao dch k hn: l giao dch m gi c c n nh vo lc k kt hp ng nhng vic thc hin hp ng c tin hnh sau mt k hn nht

nh, nhm mc ch thu li nhun do chnh lch gi gia lc k kt hp ng vi lc thc hin hp ng. c im: + Giao dch khng do nhng ngi u c thc hin. C hai loi u c: u c gi ln v u c gi xung + Cc bn c th linh hot thc hin nghip v hon mua hoc hon bn bng cc khon n b hon mua hoc hon bn hon ngy thanh ton n k hn sau. + Giao dch ny chim khong 90% s giao dch ti S giao dch. 30. u im ca S dng trng ti: - Tnh chung thm v hiu lc ca quyt nh trng ti vi vic gii quyt tranh chp trong kinh doanh quc t. - Tnh b mt. - Tnh lin tc. - Tnh linh hot. - Tit kim thi gian, chi ph. - Duy tr c cc quan h i tc. - Cho php cc bn s dng kinh nghim ca cc chuyn gia. 31. Chun b hng ha Xut khu: gm 3 khu ch yu a. Thu gom tp trung lm thnh l hng xut khu: Hp ng kinh t v vic huy ng hng xut khu c th l hp ng mua bn hng xut khu, hp ng gia cng, hp ng i hng, hp ng y thc thu mua hng xut khu, hp ng nhn y thc xut khu, hp ng lin doanh lin kt XK c k kt theo nhng nguyn tc, trnh t v ni dung quy nh trong php lnh v hp ng kinh t do Ch tch hi ng Nh nc ban hnh. b. ng gi bao b hng xut khu: - Loi bao b: + Hm: Tt c nhng hng c gi tr tng i cao, d hng. + Bao: Mt s sn phm nng nghip v nguyn liu ha cht. + Kin hay b: Tt c cc loi hng ha c th p g li m phm cht khng b hng. + Thng: Cc loi hng lng, cht bt v nhiu loi hng khc na. - Nhng nhn t cn c xt n khi ng gi: + iu kin vn ti: Xt n on ng di, phng php v thi gian ca vic vn chuyn. + iu kin kh hu: ty thc kh hu quy nh cc loi bao b bn vng, mng, kim loi hay khng thm nc.

+ iu kin v lut php v thu quan: Ch ti quy nh v nguyn liu ng gi bao b v mc thu nhp khu ti cc nc khc nhau. + iu kin chi ph vn chuyn: Cc ph thng c tnh theo trng lng c bao b hoc th tch ca hng ha. Vic k k m hiu hng xut khu: k hiu bng ch, bng s hoc bng hnh v c ghi trn bao b bn ngoi nhm thng bo nhng chi tit cn thit cho vic giao nhn, bc d hoc bo qun hng ha. Mc ch: + Bo m thun li cho cng tc giao nhn + Hng dn phng php, k thut bo qun, vn chuyn, bc d hng ha K m hiu bao gm: + Nhng du hiu cn thit i vi ngi nhn hng nh: tn ngi nhn v tn ngi gi, trng lng tnh v trng lng c b, s hp ng, s hiu chuyn hng, s hiu kin hng. + Nhng chi tit cn thit cho vic t chc vn chuyn hng ha nh: tn nc, a im hng n, hng i, hnh trnh chuyn ch, s vn n, tn tu, s hiu ca chuyn i. + Nhng du hiu hng d cch sp t, bc d v bo qun hng ha trn ng i t ni sn xut dn ni tiu th

46) Hp ng TMQT l s tha thun gia cc ng s c tr s kinh doanh cc quc gia khc nhau, theo mt bn gi l bn bn (bn XK) c ngha v chuyn quyn s hu cho mt bn khc gi l bn mua (bn NK) mt ti sn nht nh gi l hng ha. Bn mua c ngha v nhn hng v tr tin hng. Bn cht hp ng mua bn hng ha l s tha thun ca cc bn k hp ng. Hp ng l c s: - Cc bn thc hin ngha v v yu cu i tc thc hin - nh gi mc thc hin ngha v - C s php l khi xy ra tranh chp, khiu ni 48)Trong iu kin CIF ngi bn phi k hp ng thu tu vi iu kin thng thng trung bnh trn nhng tuyn ng ch hng n cng ch Cc thut ng thng thng, thng dng, bnh thng, y c ngha l con tu i bin phi thch hp v phi lm sao hn ch ti thiu ri ro mt mt hay h hng i vi hng ha. Tuy vy, trong trng hp ngi bn ch tm tm thu con tu km tiu chun, th khng th coi l con tu thng thng"

49) C/O: L chng t do nh sn xut hoc do c quan c thm quyn thng l Phng Thng mi & Cng nghip Vit nam (VCCI) cp xc nhn ni sn xut hoc khai thc ra hng ha. Ni dung ca giy ny bao gm tn v a ch ngi mua, tn v a ch ngi bn, tn hng, s lng, k m hiu, li khai ca ch hng v ni sn xut hoc khai thc hng, xc nhn ca c quan c thm quyn.
1. V phn C - quantities v qualities khng r rng, t cng khng hiu n mun hi g na :( Nu hiu C - quantities v qualites l Certificate of quality and certificate of quantity th cc bn c th xem trong trang 238, 239 ca gio trnh (Giy chng nhn phm cht, s lng trong phn chng t hng ha). Cn nu hiu C l form C trong C/O th cc bn c th xem thm trong trang 283, 284, 285 bit form C v cc form khc l g, dng trong trng hp no. Th cn quantities hay qualities ca form C th th thc t cha nghe ni ti bao gi. 2. Cu m bn Hong "p tay hon ton" khng phi cu 47 m l 49: tiu chun k thut vi hng cng nghip. Trc ht cc bn c th c thm phn tr li ca t cho cu 37 bit tiu chun k thut l g hoc tham kho thm ti trang web http://www.business.gov.vn/advice.aspx?id=1904 Trong phn thi vn p c kh nhiu cu hi v tiu chun cht lng ca hng ha v d nh go, c ph, hng cng nghip, ... Vi cc mt hng nng sn, cc bn c th vo trang web ca Vn phng quc gia SPS Vietnam, v d y l tiu chun cht lng ca cc loi c ph: http://sps.mard.gov.vn/pages/ThucVatTCVN%20ve%20Ca%20Phe.aspx n vo tab thc phm, cc bn cn c th tm c tiu chun ca cc mt hng tht, gia cm, sa, rau qu, ... Cn vi cc mt hng cng nghip th th thc t search mi m cha c. Hn na, tiu chun chung chung cho tt c cc mt hng cng nghip th rt kh ni, v th, cch tr li khn ngoan nht l ly v d, chng hn c bn i thi b c bt ly v d v tiu chun k thut ca xe Honda :-s Trong file t gi km vi mail ny l danh mc cc hng ha phi kim tra cht lng theo quy nh ca Th tng Chnh ph. Trong c quy nh r nhng mt hng no phi kim tra cht lng, c quan no kim tra v tiu chun kim tra l g. Cc cu c th thy ch vit tt TCVN chnh l b tiu chun cht lng ca Vit Nam. Nhng rt tic khng phi tiu chun cht lng ca mt hng no cng c share mt cch free nh kiu ca c ph. Mt mt b tiu chun cht lng ca tt c cc loi hng ha c Tng cc tiu chun o lng cht lng bn vi gi 300k :((

13.

Khi nim, phn loi, c im ti xut Khi nim

Giao dch ti xut l vic bn li hng ha nhp khu trc y nhm mc ch kim li c im

Hng ha cha qua bt k mt khu gia cng, ch bin no Mc ch thu v mt s ngoi t ln hn s vn b ra ban u Giao dch lun c s tham gia ca 3 bn giao dch tam gic Hng ha c cung cu ln v bin ng thng xuyn Hng u i v thu v hi quan 1. nhp khu 2. Chuyn khu: hng ha t nc xut khu trc tip sang nc nhp khu. Nc ti xut tr tin cho nc xut khu v thu tin ca nc nhp khu C 3 hinh thc chuyn khu khu ngha ca thng bo giao hng, c bao nhiu ln thng bo ngha ca thng bo giao hng Thi gian giao nhn hng c trng khp, trnh nhng ri ro v chi Hai bn thc hin y quyn li v ngha v ca mnh, trnh pht S ln thng bo giao hng (hjc, thc s ci ny t cng khng nm Hng t nc xut khu c ch thng sang nc nhp khu Hang t nc xut khu c ch n nc ti xut nhng khng Hng t nc xut khu c ch n nc ti xut, lm th tc Phn loi Ti xut ng thc ngha (tm nhp ti xut): hng ha i t nc

xut khu n nc ti xut, ri li c xut khu t nc ti xut sang nc

lm th tc vo nc ti xut m c ch sang nc nhp khu nhp vo kho ngoi quan nc ti xut, sau c xut khu sang nc nhp

14. -

ph khng cn thit cho c hai bn (tin pht d hng chm) sinh nhng tranh chp do vi phm nhng iu kin v giao hng r lm, m tra cu trn google th khng thy u, theo t thi s ln thng bo giao hng ch yu ph thuc vo iu kin c s giao hng m mnh la chn v nhng quy nh khc trong hp ng)

Thng thng trc khi giao hng ngi bn thng bo: hng sn

sng giao hoc ngy em hng ra cng giao. Ngi mua thng bo cho ngi bn nhng iu cn thit gi hng hoc v chi tit ca tu n nhn hng. Sau khi giao hng ngi bn phi thng bo tnh hnh hng giao, Nghin cu th trng trong nc th phi nghin cu nhng g. Xc nh mc tiu nghin cu Ni dung nghin cu kt qu giao hng. 15.

Cc thng tin c bn Din tch nc s ti; Dn s (chng tc, tn gio, tui); Tc pht trin trung bnh hng nm; Ngn ng; Cc vng v cc trung tm cng nghip thng mi quan trng; a l v kh hu; Truyn thng, tp qun; Hin php, trch nhim ca chnh ph trung ng v a phng. Mi trng Kinh t - Ti chnh - C s h tng Kinh t: Chnh sch kinh t, tc tng trng kinh, t gi hi oi v s bin ng gi ca n Ti chnh: H thng ngn hng: Quc gia v Quc t C s h tng: h thng thng tin lin lc, h thng giao thng, h thng kho tng ...; C s h tng ca thng mi: bn bun, bn l, cng ty qung co, hi ch, t chc t vn, nghin cu marketing Mi trng php lut, chnh tr H thng chnh tr trong nc H thng php lut v cc th tc hi quan, thu hi quan nh hng n bun bn Chnh sch ngoi thng (bo h mu dch hay mu dch t do); tha c quc t m quc gia tham gia;

Mi trng cnh tranh i th cnh tranh: i th t u n; i th c li th g v nh xut khu c li th g hn i th Mi trng vn ha - x hi Phn tch th trng Tm kim thng tin Phn khc th trng Quy m v trin vng tng trng Xu hng th trng Thu nhp bnh qun trn u ngi Nhu cu, th hiu tiu dng Dung lng th trng

34. Quy dn gi Xem trang 161, 162 gio trnh bit cng thc, nu thy cho s c th th thay vo tnh. 35. Vit Nam hin ang s dng h o lng g? H o lng chnh thc c s dng ti Vit Nam hin nay c quy nh ti Ngh nh 134/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph. Theo cc n v o lng chnh thc Vit Nam bao gm cc n v thuc h SI (h o lng quc t - The international system of units) c quy nh ti iu 7 v cc n v o lng chnh thc khc ngoi h SI c quy nh ti iu 8. Trong , cc n v o lng chnh thc thuc h SI bao gm: cc n v c bn ( di: mt, khi lng: kilogam, thi gian: giy, cng dng in: ampe, nhit nhit ng hc: kenvin, lng vt cht: mol, cng sng: candela); v cc n v dn xut t cc n v c bn ny. Bn cnh cc n v o lng chnh thc, cn c cc n v o lng thng dng khc, bao gm cc n v o lng c truyn ca Vit Nam v cc n v o khc. Tuy nhin, cc n v ny ch c s dng trong quan h dn s. Cn cc trng hp sau y bt buc phi s dng h o lng chnh thc: - Trong vn bn do c quan Nh nc ban hnh

- Trn phng tin s dng cho hot ng thanh kim tra v cc hot ng cng v khc ca c quan Nh nc - Ghi nhn hng ha ng gi sn theo nh lng thuc din phi kim tra theo quy nh ca Php lnh o lng - Sn xut, kinh doanh, nhp khu phng tin thuc din phi kim nh theo quy nh ca Php lnh o lng. 36. Chuyn khu Chuyn khu l mt loi hnh giao dch ti xut. Giao dch ti xut c hiu l li xut khu tr ra nc ngoi nhng hng ha trc y nhp khu nhng cha qua ch bin nc ti xut. Bn cnh hnh thc ti xut ng ngha, chuyn khu l hnh thc ti xut trong hng ha i trc tip t nc xut khu sang nc nhp khu. Nc ti xut tr tin cho nc xut khu v thu tin ca nc nhp khu. C ba hnh thc chuyn khu: - Hng t nc xut khu c ch thng sang nc nhp khu - Hng t nc xut khu c ch n nc ti xut nhng khng lm th tc vo nc ti xut m c ch sang nc nhp khu - Hng t nc xut khu c ch n nc ti xut, lm th tc nhp vo kho ngoi quan nc ti xut, sau c xut sang nc nhp khu. Hnh thc ny gip vt qua c cc ro cn thng mi (nh cm vn) 37. Cht lng hng ha, tiu chun k thut, quy nh phm cht Cht lng hng ha l nhng c im v tnh nng, quy cch, kch thc, tc dng, cng sut, hiu sut, ca hng ha. Tiu chun k thut l nhng tiu ch v c tnh m cht lng ca sn phm phi tun th. Nhng tiu chun bt buc ny c th do quy nh ca cc c quan qun l hoc theo yu cu ca i tc. c bit l vi cc th trng quc t nh EU, Bc M, Nht Bn, vic p ng cc tiu chun k thut l iu kin tin quyt nu nh hng ha mun c chp nhn trn th trng. Mt s doanh nghip c th c nhng tiu chun cht lng sn phm ca ring mnh nhm to uy tn vi khch hng. Nhng tiu chun ca ring doanh nghip c gi l tiu chun c s (TCCS) quy nh phm cht ca hng ha, trong hp ng mua bn ngoi thng, ngi ta thng vn dng cc phng php xc nh phm cht sau: - Da vo mu hng - Da vo phm cp hoc tiu chun - Da vo quy cch ca hng ha - Da vo cc ch tiu i khi quen dng - Da vo hm lng cc cht ch yu trong hng ha - Da vo hin trng hng ha - Da vo vic xem hng trc - Da vo dung trng hng ha - Da vo ti liu k thut - Da vo nhn hiu hng ha

- Da vo m t hng ha 38. Lut p dng trong hp ng, ngha Trong mua bn hng ha quc t, lut php v thc tin u ghi nhn cc bn c quyn la chn Lut p dng. Lut p dng c la chn c th l lut quc gia hoc cc iu c quc t hay tp qun thng mi quc t. Lut php quc gia s c p dng trong trng hp cc bn la chn. Vic chn lut phi c ghi nhn c th trong mt iu khon hp ng, gi l iu khon chn lut hoc lut iu chnh. iu c quc t iu chnh hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t ch yu l Cng c Vin 1980. Php lut Vit Nam cng cho php cc bn c s dng Cng c Vin iu chnh cc hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t. Tuy nhin, Cng c ny cng s khng nghim nhin c s dng nu cc bn khng la chn v ghi r trong hp ng. Khi s dng Cng c Vin, cn lu rng c nhng quy phm bt buc, quy phm ty nghi, quy phm hng dn, i vi quy phm bt buc, cc bn buc phi tun th m khng c lm tri. Cn vi cc quy phm ty nghi, cc bn khng nht thit phi tun th. Tp qun thng mi quc t cng c th c s dng iu chnh hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t. Cc tp qun ch yu c p dng l: - Incoterms 2000, 2010 - Tp qun khu vc nh: iu kin thng mi theo UCC (p dng cho khu vc Bc M) - UCP 600 - Mt s tp qun TMQT khc Trong trng hp cc bn khng la chn lut th khi xy ra tranh chp, c quan ti phn s quyt nh chn lut. ngha ca vic la chn lut p dng cho hp ng: - B khuyt nhng vn m cc bn cha tha thun hoc tha thun khng r rng trong hp ng - To ra hiu lc v tnh hp php ca quan h - m bo quyn li nu xy ra tranh chp

29.Cc bin php nghip v ti s giao dch hng ha: - Giao dch giao ngay: hng ha c giao ngay v tr tin vo lc k kt hp ng - Giao dch k hn: giao dch m gi c c n nh vo lc k kt hp ng nhng thc hin hp ng (giao hng v thanh ton) c tin hnh sau mt thi hn nht nh nhm mc ch thu li nhun do chnh lch gi gia lc k kt hp ng v lc thc hin hp ng.

 Giao dch theo hnh thc ny ch yu l giao dch khng do nhng ngi u c thc hin. c 2 loi: u c gi ln (Bull) v u c gi xung (Bear) Cc bn c th linh hot thc hin nghip v hon mua hoc hon bn bng cc khon n b hon mua (do bn mua tr bn bn) v khon n b hon bn (do bn bn tr cho bn mua) hon ngy thanh ton n k sau. - Nghip v t bo him: L nghip v mua bn m bn cnh vic mua bn thc t ngi ta tin hnh cc nghip v mua bn khng ti SGD nhm trnh c cc ri ro do bin ng v gi c lm thit hi n s li d tnh. - Hp ng quyn chn: Hp ng v quyn chn mua hoc quyn chn bn l tha thun theo bn mua quyn c quyn c mua v bn mt hng ha xc nh vi mt mc gi nh trc (gi giao kt) v phi tr mt khon tin nht nh mua quyn ny (tin mua quyn). Bn mua quyn c quyn chn thc hin hoc khng thc hin vic mua hoc bn hng ha nu thy gi c hng ha bt li cho mnh. 30.u im ca vic s dng trng ti: - Tnh b mt - Tnh lin tc - Tnh linh hot - Tit kim thi gian - Duy tr c quan h i tc - Trng ti cho php cc bn s dng kinh nghim ca cc chuyn gia - Tnh chung thm v hiu lc ca quyt nh trng ti vi vic gii quyt tranh chp trong kinh doanh quc t. 31.Chun b hng ha trong xut khu: - Tp hp hng ha thnh l hng xut khu - ng gi: Loi bao b: Hm: hng c gi tr tng i cao, d hng Bao: thng l cc loi sp nng nghip, nguyn liu ha cht Kin hay b: hng c th p gn li m khng nh hng ti cht lng

 Thng: loi hng lng, cht bt v nhiu loi hng ha khc na Cc iu kin cn ch khi ng gi hng ha: iu kin vn ti: on ng, thi gian vn chuyn, iu kin kh hu: bao b phi bn vng nu c vn chuyn qua hoc ti nhng vng c nhit trung bnh cao, m khng kh ln (hm g, bng kim kh, lt giy chng thm nc or mng mng PE) iu kin v php lut thu quan: v d: M, New Zealand cm dng bao b rm, r. iu kin v chi ph vn chuyn: cc ph thng c tnh theo trng lng c bao b hoc th tch ca hng ha nguyn tc ng gi Ph hp phng thc vn chuyn v tit kim c chi ph vn chuyn m bo thm m Tit kim nguyn vt liu ng gi m bo cht lng v an ton cho hng ha Ph hp vi quy nh ca php lut Chng t ng gi - K k m hiu hng ha: l nhng k hiu bng ch, s hoc bng hnh v c ghi bn ngoi nhm thng bo nhng thng tin chi tit cn thit cho vic giao nhn, bc d, bo qun hng ha. Kch thc ph hp Mi kin k t nht 2 mt v theo trnh t ph hp K bng mc khng phai m bo an ton cht lng hng ha Ni dung k m hiu

43. Nghin cu thng nhn nc ngoi: Khng c cu hi r rng t khng bit phn no c l phn m phn trong gio trnh. 44.Quy nh cht lng theo mu hng: cht lng ca hng ha c xc nh cn c vo cht lng ca mt s t hng ha gi l mu hng, do ngi bn a ra v c ngi mua tha thun. Nhng hng ha mua bn da vo mu hng

thuownngf l nhng hng ha kh tiu chun ha v kh m t VD: hng m ngh v hng nng sn Trong tp qun quc t ngi ta k hoc ng du cho 3 mu hng: -1 goai cho ngi bn lu -1 giao cho ngi mua -1 ggiao cho ngi th 3 c 2 bn ch nh gi phn x khi cn thit. Cng c khi ngi mua a ra mu trc ri ngi bn sn xut ra mu i ng lm c s tha thun giao dch. Sau 2 bn cng cn lm th tc nh trn. (trang 99 ngoi ra cn rt nhiu cch quy nh cht lng khc, ci no cng hi c) 45. Giao dch k hn trong mua bn hng ha ti s giao dch: i vi phng thc giao dch k hn, hp ng c k gia bn mua v bn bn ti thi im hin ti nhng vic thc hin s c din ra trong tng lai vi mc gi c xc nh trc v c th thanh l trc ngy giao hng. VD: Trung tm giao dch cph Bun Ma Thut (BCEC) chnh thc gii thiu sn giao dch cph Robusta k hn. doanh nghip mua bn c ph ln nng dn tham gia giao dch quan tm nht khng phi l khp lnh kiu mua bn chng khon, m l cch giao dch k hn, ni nm na l thng hp ng nim yt. Khc bit vi mua ngay bn ngay chnh l ch :hin sn chn hnh thc nim yt 6 thng hp ng lin tip, chng hn by gi l thng 3 nhng giao dch khng ch cho thng 3, m cn 6 thng tip theo, tc nng dn, doanh nghip, c th mua bn cho ti thng 9-2010. Quy cch hp ng k hn quy nh, i tng giao dch l cph robusta loi R2B, khi lng hp ng 5 tn vi gii hn bin bin ng gi trong ngy l +/- 4% so vi gi tham chiu, v khi lng giao nhn ti thiu l 4 l (20 tn), phm cp cph c phn lm 5 loi theo tiu chun c Cafecontrol (Cng ty Gim nh cph v hng ha nng sn xut nhp khu) gim nh. 46. Hp ng thng mi v hp ng thng mi quc t Hp ng thng mi l s tha thun bng vn bn hay ti liu giao dch gia cc bn k kt v vic thc hin cng vic sn xut, trao i hng ha dch v, nghin cu ng dng tin b KHKT v cc tha thun khc c mc ch kinh doanh vi quy nh r rng v quyn li v ngha v ca mi bn xy dng v thc hin k hoch ca mnh.

Hp ng thng mi quc t l s tha thun gia cc ng s c tr s kinh doanh cc nc khc nhau theo mt bn gi l bn xut khu c ngha v chuyn vo quyn s hu ca mt bn khc gi l bn nhp khu mt ti sn nht nh gi l hng ha, bn mua c ngha v nhn hng v tr tin. (trang67gio trnh) Thc ra hp ng thng mi quc t l 1 phn hp ng thng mi nn t ngh cu hi thc ra l so snh hp ng thng mi quc t v hp ng thng mi trong nc -Hng ha: l i tng ca hp ng c di chuyn ra khi bin gii quc gia (ko hon ton chnh xc v c th mua bn vi khu ch xut trong nc) -ng tin thanh ton c th l ngoi t. -Cc bn k kt c tr s kinh doanh cc nc khc nhau. (trang 68 gio trnh) 47. Lch s hnh thnh Incoterms B Incoterms u tin c ICC ban hnh vo nm 1936 di tn gi Incoterms 1936. ph hp vi thc t thng mi Incoterms c sa i b sung vo cc nm 1953, 1967, 1976, 1980, 1990 v ln gn y nht l vo cui nm 1999 cho ra i b Incoterms 2000. Ngoi ra cn c b Incoterm 2010 nhng cha c p dng Incoterms 1980 Gm 14 iu kin: Ex Works; Free Carrier; Free on Rail/Free on Truck; Fob Airport; Free alongside Ship; Free on Board; Cost and Freight; Cost, insurance and freight; Freight Carriage paid to; Freight Carriage and insurance paid to; Ex Ship; Ex Quay; Delivered at frontier; Delivered Duty paid. Incoterms 1990 Gm 13 iu kin: EXW; FCA; FAS; FOB; CFR; CIF; CPT; CIP; DAF; DES; DEQ; DDU; DDP. Incoterms 2000 Gm 13 iu kin: EXW; FCA; FAS; FOB; CFR; CIF; CPT; CIP; DAF; DES; DEQ; DDU; DDP. Incoerms 2010 gm 11 iu kin EXW; FCA; FAS; FOB; CFR; CIF; CPT; CIP; DAT;DAP; DDP. Trong DAT(giao ti bn) v DAP(giao ti ni n) thay th cho DAF,DES,DEQ,DDU

39. Gi trong u thu khc u gi khc nhau ntn?

Trong u thu nhiu ngi bn s t gi c lp v b mt vi nhau, gi c chn l gi thp nht (hoc c cc iu kin thun li nht) Trong u gi quc t nhiu ngi mua s t gi cao nht h c th tr v gi c chn bn l gi cao nht.

40. Trung gian TM, h thng o lng TM.

Trung gian thng mi l gi?

Nu trong giao dch thng thng, ngi bn tm n ngi mua, ngi mua tm n ngi bn v h trc tip tha thun quy nh nhng iu kin mua bn, th trong diao dch qua trung gian, mi vic kin lp quan h gia ngi bn v ngi mua v vic quy nh cc iu kin mua bn u phi thng qua 1 ngi th 3. Ngi th 3 ny l ngi trung gian mua bn H thng o lng thng mi H thng o lng thng mi l h thng chnh thc c dng trong thng mi quc t. - n v o chiu di -n v o din tch - n v o dung tch - n v o khi lng - n v o s lng tp hp C nhiu h thng o lng thng mi trong bun bn quc t, ngoi cc n v thuc mt h th ngi ta cn dng cc n v trong h thng o lng ca Anh, ca M.

41.u thu v cc bc tin hnh.

1. Khi nim: u thu hng ha quc t l mt phng thc hot ng thng mi theo mt bn mua hng ha thng qua mi thu (gi l bn mi thu) nhm la chn trong s cc thng nhn tham gia u thu (gi l bn d thu) thng nhn p ng tt nht cc yu cu do bn mi thu t ra v c la chn k kt v thc hin hp ng (gi l bn trng thu) 2.Trnh t u thu: a.Chun b: Thi gian chun b tu thuc vo i t-ng u thu m c th l vi thng hoc vi nm. - Xy dng k hoch, tin trnh u thu, nh ra cc giai on cho cc cng vic. - Ban t chc u thu s xy dng th l v qui ch. Ban t chc u thu c th l nhng ng-i

-c u quyn khi cng ty t chc u thu thy cn b ca mnh ch-a trnh , nng lc iu hnh u thu. - Ban t chc s thc hin cc cng vic sau: + Xy dng cc h thng tiu thc cn thit i vi ng-i bn: . Tiu thc kinh t: kh nng v mt ti chnh ca cng ty c sc m -ng vic d thu khng, ngoi ra cn cc khon k qu (Bid bond) t 1-3% lnh v tin bo m thc hin hp ng (per fomance bond) (4-10%). Ngoi ra cn c giy bo ca cc t chc tn dng, giy xc nhn ca ngn hng chng minh cng ty c ti khon. . Tiu thc k thut: yu cu cc cng ty d thu gii trnh kh nng k thut ca mnh, chng t php l xc minh kh nng k thut: giy chng nhn kh nng k thut do phng th-ng mi v cng nghip VN cp . . Thao tc nhim v th-ng mi: xy dng iu l ca cuc u thu, xy dng mu n cho hng, lun chng KTKT. + Son tho th- mi d thu, gi trc tip n ng-i cung cp hoc ng-i bn la chn. - Thng bo, qung co: Tu thuc vo tng loi hnh u thu thng bo ton b ni dung u thu. b.To iu kin thun li cho ng-i d thu tm hiu cc iu kin u thu.

c.Nhn n cho hng(thu nhn bo gi). - Ng-i d thu lp n cho hng theo mu qui nh, km theo iu kin cn thit (nhng bng chng kh nng k thut, tin k qu). - Khi thu nhn ti liu phi m bo: + B mt do s cnh tranh ln nhau gia nhng ng-i bn. + Tun th mt cch trit cc qui nh, cc yu cu ca ban t chc u thu (thi gian, iu l, qui ch u thu). + Khng -c bc nim phong, bit ni dung ca tng n cho hng. d.Khai mc u thu: - Ban t chc u thu triu tp ng-i d thu v tin hnh khai mc (a im u thu th-ng l hi tr-ng ca cng ty t chc u thu). - Ban t chc u thu ln l-t bc nim phong n cho hng theo th t. - Ban t chc thng bo cng khai nhng ni dung chnh ca n cho hng. - Ginh 1 khong thi gian cho vic la chn. Trong thi gian cc cng ty d thu c quyn iu chnh ni dung n cho hng. Nh-ng mi iu chnh, sa i phi -c tin hnh bng vn bn, nim phong kn v giao li cho ban t chc u thu.

e.Thng bo quyt nh la chn v k kt hp ng: - C cc tr-ng hp -c la chn sau: + Chn 1 Cng ty. + Chn 1 vi cng ty: Cc cng ty trng thu s hp li, thnh lp ra nhm Cactel, nhm ny c ra 1 ng-i i din thc hin m phn, k kt hp ng vi ng-i mua. Ni dung c bn vn tun th theo mu hp ng, nhng ni dung -c thay i th phi m phn. u thu l mt hnh thc khch quan, khng c s phn bit i x nh-ng trong thc t do nh h-ng ca nhng nhn t chnh tr-x hi nh d thu n-c ngoi. - Nhng ng-i khng trng thu s ly li tin k qu d thu m vn c s phn bit i x gia cc nh d thu trong n-c v

4. Bao b theo tuyn ng nh th no? Tuyn ng l g?

Tuyn -ng -c hiu l ph-ng thc vn ti: tuyn -ng b, -ng st, -ng hng khng. theo bao b theo tuyn -ng -c quy nh nh- sau: - Bao b ph hp -ng bin: l nhng bao b hnh hp, chc chn, c kch th-c l nhng s nguyn ca n v o l-ng nhm mc ch d xp, gim va chm v ng-i vn chuyn d tnh xem dung tch hm tu xp ht ch-a.

- Bao b -ng st: Phi chc chn ph hp vi kch th-c qui nh ca c quan -ng st. iu ny nhm m bo vic sang toa v dch chuyn. - Bao b -ng khng: Phi l hnh hp, chc chn, khng gy chy v an ton vn chuyn -ng khng rt cao. u : n gin, ch cn ghi ph-ng tin vn chuyn. Nh-c: Khng c th, gy nhm ln, hiu nhm gia hai bn. V c th quy nh kch th-c ca cc c quan vn ti n-c bn khc n-c mua.
1. Cch xin th tc hi quan. Bc 1. C quan hi quan tip nhn h s; kim tra iu kin v ng k t khai hi quan; kim tra h s v thng quan i vi l hng min kim tra thc t hng ho. Bc 2: Kim tra thc t hng ha v thng quan i vi l hng phi kim tra thc t. Bc 3: Thu thu, l ph hi quan; ng du lm th tc hi quan; tr t khai cho ngi khai hi quan. Bc 4: Phc tp h s H s gm: 1. T khai hi quan 2. Hp ng mua bn 3. Ha n thng mi 4. Vn ti n 5. Ngoi ra vi mt s trng hp phi np thm cc chng t lin quan: Bn k chi tit hng ho, t khai tr gi hng nhp khu, giy php nhp khu, giy chng nhn xut x hng ha, 2. Phng thc xut khu c ph

Hin nay cc doanh nghip Vit Nam p dng phng php bn hng giao xa tc l k hp ng nhng khng cht gi m khi giao hng mi cht gi bn da vo gi c ph giao dch trn th trng London (Anh) v tr li mt mc no , cn gi l phng thc bn tr li. Phng thc bn tr li ph bin trong hn chc nm qua, thng p dng cho cc hp ng giao xa m nh nhp khu thng ng trc 70% s tin ca hp ng cho nh xut khu, phn cn li c tnh ton khi giao hng v cht gi da vo gi c ph giao dch trn th trng k hn London. (Tuy nhin phng php ny hin gy rt nhiu bt li cho Vit Nam do s bin ng mnh ca th trng th gii v gi c ph vo ng v th thp hn nhiu so vi lc k hp ng. Nin v c ph Vit Nam bt u thu hoch vo thng 10 hng nm nhng vic k hp ng thng din ra trong ba thng 7, 8 v 9. Vicofa khuyn ngh cc doanh nghip xut khu nn quay li phng thc xut khu c ph c l bn hng giao ngay. Bn hng giao ngay trong truyn thng giao thng c ph th gii c ngha ngi mua v ngi bn cht gi ngay ti thi im k hp ng mua bn m khng cn bit gi c ph ti thi im giao hng din bin ra sao.)

Cu 1: So snh mu hng v hm lng cht ch yu Ging nhau: quy inh cht lng hng ha Tiu ch SS Ni dung Biu hin Mu hng n v hng ha i din cho l hng giao dch bng vt cht Quan tm nhiu hn n mu m hng L hng c giao li phi c sn xut theo hng mu, ging ht hng mu. Hng khng thay i phm cht di tc ng ca mi trng: hng dt may, da dy, Hm lng cht ch yu Quy nh t l % thnh phn cht ch yu trong hng ha bng s lng Quan tm nhiu n cu to thnh phn hng ha Hng ha c giao phi c sn xut bng kt hp t l cht theo quy nh. nguyn liu, lng thc, thc phm...

Hng giao dch

p dng

th cng m ngh....

Cu 2: So snh trch nhim ngi bn trong FOB v CIF

FOB CIF

- Giao hng ln tu ti cng quy nh, khng phi tr cc ph - Ht trch nhim khi giao hng ln tu

- Thu xp v tr cc ph chuyn hng ha ti cng ch, tr c chi ph d hng nu chi ph ny bao gm trong chi ph vn ti - Tr bo him hng ha - Thng bo cho ngi mua chi tit v chuyn tu ch hng

C FOB v CIF ngi bn u phi chu trch nhim

- Lm th tc v tr mi chi ph lin quan n thng quan, giy php xut khu - Chuyn giao ha n thng mi, chng t hng ha c lin quan Cu 13: 1000MT + 2%, gii thch. TL: Cch vit ny c s dng l phng php quy nh s lng hng ha. 1000 MT--> s lng quy nh trong hp ng 2% --> dung sai v s lng. C ngha l lng hng giao nhn c php cao hn 2% so vi s lng quy nh trong hp ng Cu 14: ngha iu kin c s giao hng trong iu khon gi ca hp ng. TL: - iu kin c s giao hng l cn thit ghi km vi iu khon gi c

- iu kin giao hng bao hm cc trch nhim v cc chi ph m ngi bn phi chu trong vic giao hng nh: vn chuyn bc d, chi ph bo him,lu kho,lm hi quan......
1.NI DUNG TH TN DNG S hiu ca th tn dng a im m th tn dng (lin quan n vic tham chiu lut l p dng, gii quyt nhng bt ng xy ra) Ngy m L/C

Loi th tn dng

Tn, a ch ca nhng ngi lin quan n phng thc tn dng chng t Ngi yu cu m th tn dng, Ngi hng li, Ngn hng m th tn dng, Ngn hng thng bo, Ngn hng tr tin (nu c), Ngn hng xc nhn (nu c) S tin ca th tn dng Thi hn hiu lc ca th tn dng Thi hn tr tin ca th tn dng: trong thi hn hiu lc ca th tn dng (nu tr tin ngay) hoc nm ngoi thi hn hiu lc (nu tr chm). Thi hn giao hng Cc chng t m ngi hng li phi xut trnh \ Hi phiu thng mi (Commerial Bill of Exchange) \ Ho n thng mi (Commercial Invoice) \ Vn n hng hi (Ocean Bill of Lading) \ Chng nhn bo him (Insurance Policy) \ Chng nhn xut x (Certificate of Origin) \ Chng nhn trng lng (Certificate of quality) \ Danh sch ng gi (packing list) \ Chng nhn kim nghim (Inspection Certificate) S cam kt ca ngn hng m th tn dng: trch nhim mang tnh php l ca ngn hng m th tn dng i vi th tn dng m mnh m Ngi Xk khi nhn c LC phi phn tch tng iu khon trong , i chiu vi hp ng v kh nng ca mnh xem c thc hin c ng & y cc yu cu ca LC hay khng (trong iu khon v chng t l quan trng nht) Nu khng ng vi iu khon no th phi ngh bn m LC sa i.

2. Ngha v ngi bn trong dk CIF : t c incoterms :D 3. Ph bo him trong dk CIF : do ngi bn chu, phi mua cng ty bo him danh tin, vi mc bo him thp nht l 110% gi tr tin hng v cung cp cho ngi mua bng chng v hp ng bo him. Nu ngi mua yu cu thm bo hiu ri ro chin tranh, nh cng, bo ng th ngi mua phi chu chi ph. iu kin v gi c trong CIF : khng hiu r cu hi lm. Gi CIF=Gi FOB + F(cc vn chuyn) +(CIF x R)= (FOB+F)/(1-R) 4. So snh gia Nh thu v LC:

Nh thu Khng bo v y quyn li ngi bn. Nh thu khng km chng t : ngi mua c th nhn hng nhng vn tr hon vic tr tin Nh thu km chng t: ngi mua c th khng mun nhn hng v t chi nhn chng t, trong khi hng c gi i. Chi ph thp hn so vi LC Ch nn s dng phng thc ny trong nhng trng hp tn nhim bn nhp khu , gi tr hng ha nh , thm d th trng , hng ha ng kh tiu th. Th tn dng: m bo c quyn li ca c hai bn mua v bn Ngi bn chc chn thu c tin hng khi cung cp cho ngn hng b chng t hp l. Ngi mua: vic tr tin ch c thc hin khi bn bn cung cp cho ngn hng b chng t hp l. Chi ph t hn nh thu c s dng ph bin tron TMQT hin nay.