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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION


An organizational study encompasses the study of organizations from multiple viewpoints, methods and levels of analysis. The study has been carried out in a production industry named Travancore Titanium Product Limited, Trivandrum (TTPL). TTPL is a public limited company under the State Public Sector with Government of Kerala owning 80.94% of the shares. Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation (KSIDC) holds 7.91% and the balance held by the public. In this industry there are approximately 826 Employees and 110 officers ,all work with the view of improving efficiency, profitability, competitiveness and maintain market leadership. The workers age limit is 58 and officers age limit is 60.TTP has proposals to expand its capacity to 27000 tons per year, modernize and diversify in stages to produce both Anatase and Rutile Grades of Titanium Dioxide pigment and the new plants to this connection will be launched during the current year. Travancore Titanium Products Ltd. was incorporated on 18th December 1946, to produce pigment grade Titanium Dioxide from ilmenite, which is abundantly available as placer deposits on beaches near Kollam, in the coastal state of Kerala, India. The unit was promoted by the princely state of Travancore in collaboration with the British Titan Products (BTP) Company Limited; U.K (now known as Tioxide Group limited). The administrative control of the company was with a managing agency, Indian Titan Products Company. The company which started production at a modest rate of 5 tons per day increased its capacity in stages to the present level of 40-45 tons per day. Till recently, Travancore Titanium Products Ltd. was the only unit producing Anatase grade Titanium Dioxide pigment, in India. It is a matter of pride that the manufacture of a rare chemical like Titanium Dioxide which was confined to highly industrialized nations of the west, was taken up herein Trivandrum five decades. TTP was the only unit producing this white pigment, not only in India, but also in the whole of South-East Asia. The plant has the capacity to produce both Anatase and Rutile grades of Titanium Dioxide. The plant functions round the clock in 4 shifts.
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This report gives an idea about the organization and its functions. The study also gives clear picture about the different departments of the organization. 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To study the overall performance of the company. To understand the actual functioning of the organization. To know about the practical application of various learned theories in the organization.

To make a SWOT analysis about the organisation. To conduct Porters Analysis on the company

1.3 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY


This report is prepared on the basis of primary data and secondary data. 1.Primary data was collected using the following methods. By informal interviews with the department heads. Discussions with the managerial staff. Personal and direct observation. Broachers. Company records and journals. Websites.

2.The secondary data was collected from the following source

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The organizational study carried out at TTP mainly focuses on the major functional departments and its functioning.
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The study helps to familiarize with the company. The study also provides a chance to know about the practical application of various learned theories in the company. The study also gives importance to the welfare of workers and how can we motivate the workers so utilizing the full potential of them for the success of the organization.

1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY


Personal bias of the staffs in the company The information provided by the people in the organization may not be complete There was a considerable amount of inhibition on part of staff for providing information. An in-depth study or analysis is not feasible in short span of time.

2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE


Titanium Dioxide (TiO) is an organic solid with a number of excellent physical properties, which make it the principal white pigment of commerce. TiO is becoming increasingly dominant over rival white pigments such as white lead,
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lithopone and zinc white. Its predominance is mainly attributable to three important physical characteristics, which are a high refractive index, lack of colour and chemical inertness. TiO found in nature is invariably coloured due to the presence of impurities such as iron and other elements. Processing is necessary to produce pure TiO.Large crystals of pure TiO are transparent, but when finely ground to optimal particle size they are highly opaque. TiO pigments are distinct from coloured pigments because the latter is characterized by selective light absorption in the visible spectrum. TiO also exhibits great chemical inertness. It has good heat resistance, with a melting point of around 1840 C. TiO is also non-toxic, which has seen it displace white lead in paints. TiO is polymorphous, showing three distinct crystalline forms:- rutile, anatase, brookite. Only rutile and anatase are of importance technically and commercially. These two modifications of TiO differ in their basic structures and some physical properties:
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The refractive index of anatase is slightly less than rutile. Rutile crustal structure modification exhibits greater stability than the anatase form.

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3. 4.

Anatase is less abrasive than rutile. Rutile pigments impart greater durability than anatase.

2.1.1 TiO pigment industry: Product demand


The white pigment Titanium Dioxide accounted for almost two-thirds of overall production capacity, translating to 3.17 million tons per annum. Furthermore, TiO also dominates the world market for white pigments, with a 75% share. Its predominance is mainly due to a combination of excellent physicalproperties, in particular, a high refractive index, lack of colour and chemical inertness. White
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pigment such as white lead, lithopone, zinc sulphide, etc are to a greater extent, being replaced by TiO. The main industrial consumers of TiO are paints and coatings, plastics and paper, inks, ceramics, cosmetics, fibres, etc.

2.1.2 TiO Demand and the World Economy


The onset of global recession in 1989 saw GDP plummets, resulting in excessive TiO production capacity relative to demand. This left manufacturers with not only an over-capacity problem but also a product of reduced value. For example, between 1989 and 1991 the decline in TiO coupled with over optimistic capacity increases, led to price falls in the US and Germany of 13% and 16% respectively. Another good indicator of performance of the TiO industry is the Operating rate. The Operating rate is defined as the percentage of production capacity in use at any given time. Throughout the 1980s, which was seen as golden era by the TiO industry, the world operating rate fluctuated between a healthy 9297%.However, with the onset of recession this dropped to a low of 85% in 1991 and more recently 83.5% in 1996.The 1996 rate was attributed to factors such as customer destocking, a drop in demand for paper and increased competition between manufacturers. These factors affected a sudden slump in TiO price and ultimately curbed the operating rate. Industry was evident with the chairman of SCM, one of the leading TiO manufacturer, describing the 1996-operating rate as devastatingly low. The operating rate usually declines through scaling down or even temporary closure of plants. A host of other small manufacturers includes Kemira with production capacity 2,90,000 tons, Ishihara with 1,97,000 tons, Kerr McGee with 1,73,000 tonnes, Bayer with 1,47,000 tons etc combined accounted for 1,796,000 tonnes representing 43% of world capacity.

2.1.3 Major TiO manufacturers in India


1. Kerala Minerals & Metals Ltd, Kollam, Kerala.
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2. Kilburn Chemicals Ltd, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu. 3. Colmack Chemicals Ltd, West Bengal.

2.1.4 Some TiO manufacturers outside India


1. Shanghai Four-Pole Titanium Industry Co, Ltd, China. 2. Golden Bridge Industries , China. 3. Metal Titanium Co, Ltd, China. 4. HebeiYonGhui Chemicals, Australia.

2.2 COMPANY PROFILE


Travancore Titanium Products Limited, an ISO 9001:2000 company is a Public Sector Undertaking under the administrative control of Government of Kerala, India engaged in the manufacturing and marketing of different grades of Titanium dioxide pigments. It is situated at Kochuveli, Thiruvananthapuram in the State of Kerala. It is established for the commercial exploitation of valuable natural resource called illmenite. This material sand deposit stretches along the sea coast between two tidal channels between Neendakara in the South and Kayamkulam in the North.
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Titanium dioxide can be very economically processed out from this raw material, illmenite. Travancore Titanium Products is the largest manufacturers and suppliers of Titanium dioxide (Anatase grade) pigment in India with ISO 9001:2000 certification. Titanium dioxide is an industrial raw material for textiles, cosmetics, paper, paint, PVC and plastics, rubber, ink, electronic industries, chemicals, ceramics etc. The process followed by Travancore Titanium Products Ltd for the production of Titanium is Sulphate process using Sulphuric acid. In this process finely grind illmenite is digested with strong sulphuric acid whereby titanium sulphate is produced which is converted into TiO2 by hydrolysis. The main product of the company is Anatase grade Titanium dioxide.

2.2.1 History of the company


Travancore Titanium Products Limited (TTP) is a Public Sector Undertaking managed by Government of Kerala. It is the first Titanium dioxide manufacturing company in India. This company was incorporated on 18th December 1946 with capital Rs.1.7 crores to produce Titanium dioxide from illmenite. The proposal to start a plant producing Titanium dioxide was first put forward by the then diwan of Travancore Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer. The illmenite for the production of TiO2 is found on the beaches at Chavara near Kollam and 65 kms north of the Capital city, Thiruvananthapuram. The unit was promoted by the then princely state of Travancore in collaboration with the British Titan Products (BPT) Company Limited; UK (now known as Tioxide Group Limited).The administrative control of the company was with a managing agency, Indian Titan Products Company. The company started production at a modest rate of 5 tons per day, increased its capacity in stages to the present level of 40-45 tons per day. The company started production in 1951.In 1960, Government of Kerala undertook the management of Travancore Titanium Products Ltd owing 80.94% of the shares. Then its production capacity was increased to 10 tons per day. A Sulphuric acid plant was also installed in the same year. In 1963, the capacity of Titanium dioxide produced was further increased to 18 tons per day with a commensurate addition to the sulphuric acid production also. A major expansion was undertaken and completed with Rs.140 crores in 1973, when the production capacity of Titanium dioxide plant was increased to 45 tons per day (15000 tons per annum). A
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third acid plant started production with a capacity of 300 tons per day in the same year. A new pollution controlled Sulphuric acid plant was established and started production in 1996 which utilizes the tail gas recycling DCDA (Double Catalysis Double Absorption) technology. The alkali scrubbing system incorporated there in helps to keep sulphur dioxide emissions well within permissible limits and helps in maintaining a clean environment. The Company started its first expansion programme in 1957 for doubling the annual production was commissioned on 29th March 1996

2.2.2 Governing body of TTP


TTP is governed by the Board of Directors consisting of six members. 1. Managing Director 2. Executive Director 3. Principal Secretary of Industries Department-Chairman 4. Additional Secretary of Finance Department 5. Secretary of Industries Department 6. Government representative. Period of board depends on the government decision. The Government of Kerala appoints Managing Director on deputation for a period of 3 years. Managing Director heads TTP Ltd.

2.2.3 Vision of TTP


To be the largest producer of Titanium dioxide products and the most preferred supplier

2.2.4 Mission of TTP


To ensure customer satisfaction by continuously improving product quality and to earn a reasonable profit

2.2.5 Quality policy of TTP


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To achieve customer satisfaction through continuous improvement of processes, products, and human resource and by providing effective customer service

2.2.6 Quality Objectives


Customer Satisfaction Continuous improvement of process and product Human resource development Better and safe working environment Caring for the community

2.2.7 Corporate Objectives


The objects for which the company is established are: In India to do all or any of the following things:To promote the production and use of Titanium, Zinc, lead and other metals or their compounds, derivatives and alloys and in particular Titanium pigments, composite pigments and all other pigments. To carry in all kinds of research work incidental or relating to the production and use of Titanium, Zinc, lead and other metals and their alloys and compounds and prepare for market all such articles and other things and generally to carry an all kinds of metallurgical operations. To carry on the business of manufacturing chemists and of manufacturers, producers of and dealers in sulphuric acid and other acids, alkalies and chemicals and chemical substances of every description. To carry on the business of roasters, smelters, refiners, rollers, galvanizers and manufacturers of and dealers in Titanium, Zinc, Lead, and other metals and all byproducts.

2.3 PRODUCT PROFILE

TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

Travancore Titanium Products Ltd is one of the largest industries in India that produces Titanium Dioxide (Ti02). The company is also manufacturing Potassium Titanate, Sodium Titanate, low Phosphorus and Special grade Titanium Dioxide comparatively in small quantities. Titanium Dioxide (Ti02) is a white pigment and there are two grades of Titanium Dioxide.

Rutile Grade Anatase Grade

These two grades of Titanium Dioxide are chemically same but their physical properties differ from each other. The company deals with the production of Titanium Dioxide, which belongs to Anatase grade. The major raw material used for production is Ilmenite. The most important commercial use of Ilmenite is for the manufacture of Titanium Dioxide pigment. Ilmenite is a compound of the oxides of iron, Titanium and traces of other elements. The separation of Titanium Dioxide can be done through the sulphate route or chloride route. The Travancore Titanium Product plant is based on the Sulphate Route. Few grades of Titanium dioxide are produced namely Anatase ISI Grade Rutile Grade Anatase PG Rutile PG Anatase GP Rutile GP

In addition to TiO2, TTPL manufacturers small quantities of the following on demand. Potassium Titanate
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Anatase Special Grade Anatase (ISI) This is a pigmentary form of TiO2 having the following desirable properties High brightness, tinting strength, good colour, excellent dispersion characteristics in both aqueous and non-aqueous media. Suitable for use in paints, paper, plastics, linoleum, rubber, leather finishes, soap and cosmetics and other applications.

Rutile Grade The major application is Plastic Master Batches, paint, Textiles. Substitute for treated Rutile especially in plastics, paints, undercoats, printing inks, primers, road marking paints, rubber ceramics, welding rods. Making quality seamless welding possible.

Anatase (PG) The product is highly suitable for plastic Master batch applications. It has been substantially used for end applications like a) Monolayer films b) Thicker 3layer films (>50 microns) c) Sheets and Profiles It has a very good whiteness Index, dispersability and filterability. Especially recommended for high opacity tough films for detergent packing and shopping bags.

Rutile (PG) The product is recommended for products requiring more UV exposure and can be used for making M.B.S. and compounds for both moulding and extrusion. It can be used for making Yellows, Ivory, Beige and Oranges. Is used extensively for thin gages HM HD films
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Anatase (GP) General purpose pigment is recommended for use in non-decorative paints, cement paints, distempers and rubber products.

Rutile (GP) The major applications are ceramic, Paints, Plastics.

Potassium Titanate Potassium titan ate possesses low thermal conductivity and high reflectance ranging from ultra-violet to infra-red region. Used in the manufacture of special quality welding rods, due to its high insulating property and high melting point.

Anatase Special Grade This low phosphorous Anatase grade is used in the manufacture of special quality welding rods, due to its insulating properties and high melting point

2.3.1 Customers of TTP


The high grade Titanium dioxide enjoys a prominent presence in almost all products we use in our daily life .In paint , rubber , textile , paper , and numerous other products it is the ingredient .Major customers of TTP Table no. 2.1 Customers of TTP

CTM Textiles, Rajkamal Processors, Sharada Textile Mills, Textiles Ink Bishen Dyeing printing & weaving Mills, Bimal Dyeing printing & weaving Mills. Kores (India) Ltd, JBA printing ink Ltd, Coates of India, Rainbow Ink & Varnishes. Cosmetics Hindustan Lever Ltd, Colgate, Palmolive, Godrej soaps, Karnataka soaps & Detergents. Rubber Bata (India) Ltd, Lakhani footwear, Madras Rubber Factory,
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Elastrex Polymers, Prestone Industries, Madhura Rubber, Leo Rubber, Paragon Rubber, Relaxo Footwear. Paper Pudmjee Pulp & Paper, Balakrishna Paper mills, ITC-Tribeni Tissues, Sreevidhya Paper Mills, Sreekrishna Paper Mills, and Security Paper Mills. Leather Paints National Leather Cloth Asian Paints Ltd, Goodlass, Nerolac Paints, Seepee Coating, Special Paints, Rajdoot paints, Hem Paints, Serger Paints. Chemicals Camphor & Allied Products, Dr. Beck & Company, Jay Industrial Chemicals, National Paints & Chemicals. Plastics Hycount Plastics, Padinjekkara Rubber & Plastics, Sudhakar PVC, Sudhakar Plastics, Nuchem Plastics. Electronic Industries Videocon, Narmada Electronics, Gujarat Mulco Electronics.

2.3.2 Export Offer


Travancore Titanium Products Limited, an ISO 9001:2000 Company is a Public Sector Undertaking under the administrative control of Government of Kerala, India engaged in the manufacture and marketing of different grades of Titanium Dioxide pigments. As part of business development activities, the Company proposes to earmark around 300MTs, of Anatase grade and 200Mts of untreated Rutile grade (RD 01) both branded as AJANTOX every month for exports on FOB Kochi, India basis.

2.3.4 Future plans


With a view to improving efficiency, profitability, competitiveness, and to maintain market leadership, TTP has proposals to expand its capacity to 27000 tonnes per year, modernise and diversify in stages to produce both Anatase and Rutile grades of Titanium Dioxide pigment. Modernisation and revamping would be carried out with minimum interruption to the present production and the new plans to this
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connection will be launched during the current year .The total estimated cost of the project is Rs.412 crores. A new project on the pollution control is also on progress to reduce the current pollution problems caused by the waste produced from the company in the form of liquid into the sea and gas into the atmosphere. This project is supposed to reduce the various problems arousing in the nearby villages of the company.

2.4 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE


The managing Director of Travancore Titanium Products Ltd. The overall administrative powers rest in the hands of MD. The Managing Director is an elected member from the Board of Directors. He is appointed for a period of three years. Under the managing director come the executive director and general manager. The long term planning of the company is done by the M.D. along with the Board of Directors. Under the control at the general manager comes the production, Research and Development, project, Engineering and Commercial Department.

Working Hours
Three shifts I. II. III. 6 am to 2 pm 2 pm to 10 pm 10 pm to 6 am

General shift 8 am to 4 pm

Office time 9 am to 5 pm
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Board of directors of TTP Ltd.


1. K. S. Srinivas IAS

- Chairman

2. V. Muraleedharan. Nair - Managing Director 3. P.M. Shihabudeen 4. Dr. K. Gopakumar - Executive Director - Director

5. Adv. C. K. Karunakaran - Director Executive work force of TTPL The grand total is nearly 823.

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Chart no.2.1 Organizational structure

Departmental Introduction:
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Departments are formed when there is efficient and effective grouping of jobs in to meaningful work units to coordinate numerous jobs to gain the organizational objectives. This creates flexibility, adaptability, and unity of action within the firm. The various departments in TTP are as follows: Production department Finance department Marketing department Commercial department Materials department Human Resources department Training department Engineering department Legal department Safety department Medical department Project department Research and Development department Security and Vigilance department

3.1 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT


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The main product of Travancore Titanium Products Ltd is Titanium Dioxide pigment. So considering the production, the production department becomes the vital department in TTP Ltd. The primary objective of TTP is to produce pigment grade Titanium dioxide as per the capacity utilization target approved by the Management maintaining optimum quantity standards of both Anatase and Rutile Grades. The total production capacity of the plant is 46tones/day. The production department has coordination with all other departments. Chief Production Manager heads the department. There are four sections in production department namely: Titanium Dioxide Section, Sulphuric Acid Plant (SAP), Managerial Information System (MIS), and Raw Materials and Packing Section (RM &PS)

Each of these sections is headed by respective Production Managers. By the MIS, the department makes the co-ordination with other departments easier. The Titanium Dioxide Section has two ends, Black End and White End each headed by Deputy Production Managers. The Production department is directly responsible for maintaining optimum quantity standards of both Anatase and Rutile grades. Child Production Manager is responsible for achieving this objective of TTP by integrating directing and controlling the work of Titanium dioxide, production of sulphuric Acid etc. Sulphuric Acid is also another product for which the raw material Sulphur is being imported from Chile and Argentina.

Structure of Production Department

Chief Production Manager


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Production Manager TiO2 Plant

Production Manager Sulphuric Acid Plant

Production Manager Raw Materials

Production Manager Plant Monitoring

Deputy Production Manager TiO2

Deputy Production Manager Sulphuric Acid Plant

Deputy Production Manager Raw Materials

Deputy Production Manager Plant Monitoring

Plant Managers Assistant Plant Managers

Foremen

Supervisors Charge Heads Operators

Work Assistants

Chart no.3.1 Structure of Production Department 3.1.1 The production department of TTP has many important functions, which are as follows:

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Carryout investigations and guide management on long term measures towards achievements of the goals of expansion in the areas of production and quality.

To prepare detailed raw material plans and ensure the incoming quality standards, their proper usage etc.

Constantly evaluating alternate source of raw materials, direct trails of the same and to help the management to firm up the sources.

Integrate, direct and control efforts of production of Sulphuric Acid pigments, dispatch raw materials etc. resulting in fulfillment of planned targets for production and provide overall supervision of Titanium dioxide production.

Receiving of raw materials and packaging of final products. Integrating the department itself with Research and Development department for identifying solutions to long-term problems.

To prepare a detailed production plan in consultation with General Manager (works) and this must be consistent with companys production objectives.

Integrate production efforts with maintenance to ensure implementation of production and maintenance schedules and to avoid breakdowns by helping maintenance under take jobs on time basic etc.

3.1.2 Manufacturing process of Titanium Dioxide


TTPs production process is aimed at the separation of Titanium dioxide from illmenite through SULPHATE PROCESS. Ilmenite, a mixed oxide of titanium, ferrous iron, ferric iron is grounded in ball mills to fine powder and reacted with sulphuric acid in specially designed digestors. Digestors are reinforced concrete tanks lined with lead and acid resistant bricks. The heat of dilution of the acid initiates highly exothermic reaction and a porous cake is obtained as product. This is dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid and the titanium goes into solution as titanium oxysulphate. The solution then goes through a reduction phase using scrap iron, when the ferric iron gets completely reduced into the ferrous state. The reduced crude liquor is closed with settling agents and sent through large settling tanks to remove the sludge consisting mainly of unreacted ilmenite and silica. The clear overflow from the settler is concentrated to a specified extent in order to
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increase TiO content from 150 gpl to 200 gpl and then charged into precipitation tanks. On boiling by injecting steam, the titanium content gets precipitated as hydrated titanium. It is filtered over drum type rotary vacuum filters to increase TiO content in pulp. Any ferric iron still present is reduced to washable ferrous form by leaching the pulp with diluted sulphuric acid and aluminium powder. It is washed further and then treated with small quantities of potassium sulphate solution and mono ammonium phosphate to develop the pigmentary properties. The treated pulp is dewatered to 40% solids and the dewatered pulp is sent to calcinations unit through screw conveyers and this pulp is dried completely in the calciner. Then the hydrated titanium dioxide is decomposed to titanium dioxide and sulphuric acid decomposes and crystalline properties get fully developed. The hot product from the calciner discharge is fed into the cooler. The cooled is discharged to the screw conveyer and then the belt conveyer and the product in the pellet form is conveyed to the pulverizer. Then using pendulum mills, the granular product is pulverized to very fine particles of average size of 0.35 microns and packed in 25 kg HDPE bags and kept for dispatch. The product is classified as Rayon Grade (RG), ISI Grade, General Purpose Grade (GP) according to the quality.

Manufacturing process of Titanium Dioxide


Mill Section

Digesters

Settlers 21

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Concentration Precipitation Post Precipitation Filters Pre-leaching Filters

Leaching Post Leach Filter

Treatment De-watering Filter Calciner Milling of Pigment Packing Chart no.3.2 manufacturing of titanium dioxide

3.2 FINANCE DEPARTMENT


Finance is the life blood of the business. So in every business organization the most important department is finance department. Without this department no organization can work smoothly. The finance department is responsible for proper planning and controlling of financial resources. The department is headed by Finance Advisor. Finance controller
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manages and control assets and liabilities of the company. His duties include providing information to formulate accounting and costing policies, preparation of financial reports, direction of internal auditing, budgeting, taxes etc.

Structure of Finance Department


Finance Advisor

Finance Manager

Deputy Finance Manager

Assistant Finance Manager

Section Officers Chart no.3.3 Structure of Finance Department 3.2.1 Objectives of Finance Department To prepare corporate plans, annual plans and budgets. To control cost, financial planning and ensuring uniform and correct

observance of financial disciplines of the company. To monitor the progress of budget achievements. To provide accounting service to all levels and ensuring updating of

systems procedures for the same. To advise management on fund utilization and its implementation. Setting of all investment proposals, certain new assets, new posts etc.

from the point of financial feasibility.

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To evolve an audit manual.

3.2.2 Functions of Finance Department To complete all budget work. Assist all departments in providing financial administration of all transactions. To make proper entries in books of accounts and extract reports like Trial Balance, Profit and Loss A/c, Balance Sheet on a time bound basis.To collect all sums due to the company. To make timely payments to creditors, suppliers, contractors, employees, Government statutory bodies, service providers etc. Budget preparation, computerization and finalization of annual budgets, providing information regarding budget provision as and when required. To prepare MIS as required by management To assist all types of audit work. To file proper returns in time. To manage cash properly to maintain proper liquidity. Timely dispersant of salary/wages to employees as per agreement. TTP conducts four audits namely, Internal Audit, Statutory Audit as per companies act, Accountant General Audit and Inspection Audit. 3.2.3 Bankers of TTP Ltd

State Bank of India (SBI) Federal Bank ICICI Bank


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3.2.4 The Department Sections 1. Bills Section: This section includes payment like (Statutory) K.S.E.B, Purchase, R.M, except salary of employees. Receipt cum Inspection Report (RCIR) and invoice is received by Bills section. This is scrutinized to consider the terms and conditions, as to whether there is any damage, oversupply of goods or change in quantity and quality. All these details are recorded in the tally records. For payment of purchases, purchase Bill is used. For electricity, Water payment General Journal Voucher is used. The bill section also handles Medical reimbursement for employees. 2. Salaries and wages section: The salary section has following duties, such as calculation of salary, wages, Income tax, P.F etc. Basic Pay, D.A. L.P, Overtime, Individual attendance, bonus (for workers) shift allowance, HRA, conveyance allowance (RLT), special allowance, Holiday Pay, Canteen on the pay slip. 3.Cash section: Cash section is in charge of preparing cheques on receipt of vouchers, on receipt from bank and they maintain a Petty Cash Book for entering expense including during business hours, which includes monthly salary and incentive payments and other payments. 4.Stores accounts section: Proper maintenance of store accounts and proper balancing and recording of each and every transaction is done. 5.Loan section: Loans, advances like Festival advance , Thrift, TLSS,TRC, Benevolent fund, Bonus etc at the times

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Housing loans has been arranged through HDFC at an interest rate of 13% of which 6% is provided by the company for the workers. Vehicle loans are also allowed to the employees through this section. 6.Computer cell section: The computer cell in TTPL started functioning since 1994. Today almost all the departments of the company are computerized. Various sections of the company are connected through Local Area Network (LAN). 7.Time Office section: Time Office is for recording the attendance of the workers. This section is under the authority of Finance Controller. The manual card punching is the facilities provided in time office. The electronic card punching system is used in office building to mark the attendance of the entering employees. Simultaneously the attendance registers are kept in each department. Significant Accounting Policies Every organization has its own accounting policies. TTP has also has its own accounting policies. They are as follows: 1. Fixed Assets Fixed Assets are started at cost of acquisition or construction less depreciation. All costs relating to the acquisition and installation of fixed assets are capitalized. Assets and liability are consistently being recorded at historical costs to the company and therefore they are not adjusted to reflect the change in value in the purchasing power of money. 2. Investment All investment is valued at cost. 3. Inventories Raw materials, materials in process and stores and spares are valued at the cost on weighted average method.

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Finished goods Titanium dioxide is valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is lower. Excise duty which is payable at the time of removal of goods is not included in the valuation of finished goods. Goods in transit are valued at cost. 4. Sales Sales are exclusive for excise duty and sales tax. 5. Depreciation Depreciation on fixed assets has been provided as per the rates prescribed in schedules XIV of the companys Act of 1956. Under written down value method depreciation on additions and deletions of fixed assets is calculated. 6. Retirement Benefits Gratuity liability is provided based on the company rules prevailing from time to time. The gratuity fund created to the company has been approved by the income tax authorities. The net asset enables the fund to fully discharge the companys obligation in respect of gratuity, payment to the employees etc. The liability to pay leave encashment accrues only when the employees can encash unveiled leave during their period of service till the employee exercise his rights. Hence it is not quantifiable and is accounted on cash basis. 7. Scraps Accounting of scrap is done at the time of sale. 8. Salary The employees get their salary/wages on the last, but one day before of each month. Salary/wages is given on monthly basis. It is paid through bank/cash. Before the payment of salary every employee will receive his pay slip. 9. Allowance Some allowances are paid to the employees to compensate without changing the basic pay structure. DA is paid to cover the increased cost of living. When housing accommodation is not provided, house rent allowance on suitable BP structure will be paid. In TTP there are different pattern of DA and HRA. They are applicable to each employee in the organisation. House Rent Allowance is given to employees and it is provided as 10% of Basic Pay, today.
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10. Accounting policies The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on accrual basis and in accordance with the mandatory accounting standards issued by the ICA and relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

3.3 MARKETING DEPARTMENT


Marketing Department was started on 14-12-02. Earlier there was no marketing department in TTPL. The Marketing Department of Titanium mainly concentrates on sale of final products. The Titanium Managing Committee (TMC) decides the sales for the year. After fixing the sales target by TMC, it comes to the marketing department, then it fixes price of the product. There are two wings in the marketing department namely, Domestic wing which deals with domestic sales and Export wing which deals with export sales.

Structure of Marketing Department


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Chief Marketing Manager

Deputy Marketing Manager

Assistant Marketing Managers

Section Officers

Clerical Staff Chart no.3.4 Structure of Marketing Department

3.3.1 Department level quality objectives To continual improvement of customer oriented services to meet customers requirements. 1. Domestic wing To achieve customer satisfaction through timely execution of orders and to maintain harmonious customer relationship. 2. Export wing To achieve customer satisfaction through timely execution of export orders and to maintain quality standards in delivery of our product. 3.3.2 Objectives of Marketing Department.
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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

To select and appoint stockiest and other customers for direct sales. Invoicing and maintenance of customer accounts , follow up and management of receivables etc.

Order evaluation and acceptance, maintenance of order registers, priority booking registers, dispatch registers.

To fix price, fixation of sales commission and overall sales policy including market budget.

.Export management. Delivery and logistics management. Export management.

3.3.3 Customers Presently company has 33 authorized stockiest. These stockiest are nominated by company. A general agreement is executed between company and the stockiest. In addition to these stockiest, TTP has many direct customers. These include reputed organizations like Asian Paints, Berger Paints, Godrej, Bata etc. The sector wise classification of customers of titanium products are Paint, Leather, Paper, Plastic, Printing Ink, Soap, Cosmetics, Fabrics, Rubber, Ceramic, Artificial fibers, Pharmaceutical preparation, Textiles, Electronic industries, Ink etc.,. Customer Satisfaction Survey is conducted yearly In TTP a

3.3.4 Sales activities - Procedure (Domestic) Orders are received by post, fax, e-mail etc. Along with this order, customer has to send cheques, pay in slip copy (amount credited to TTPL A/c). The customer has to send original cheque. Also in case of depositing amount, the marketing department will ensure that the amount is credited in TTPLs ICICI, Trivandrum account. Usually one month credit is given to stockiest. So cheques will be post-dated. After verifying the details regarding payment, customers demand for pigment grade etc., indent (work order) is prepared. Presently four copies are printed and software is available for indent preparation. The indent is reviewed by Assistant
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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

Manager. The customers order may contain details regarding transporter. So in the mean time department has to contact transporter. The prepared indents are sent to Technical Service Lab (TSL) for batch allotment and the details regarding allotment is sent to packing section. One copy of indent is held in TS Lab and one copy in Packing Section. After getting authorized signature from Packing Section, allotted batch is loaded in lorry/truck. Details regarding Lorry Receipt (LR) and vehicle number are noted and invoice is prepared. By knowing the indent number, invoice can be easily generated and details regarding LR and vehicle number are entered. Eight copies of invoices are printed out. Original invoice is sent by post to buyer. Duplicate copy of the invoice, LR and dispatch notes (3 copies) given to transporter. Dispatch note includes details regarding number of bags, quantity etc. In case of domestic sales within Kerala, the sales tax charged is Value Added Tax (VAT). But in case of domestic sales outside Kerala, the sales tax charged is Central Sales Tax (CST) @ 2%.

3.3.5 Sales activities (Exporting) Presently TTPs products are exported to countries like USA, UAE, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Singapore etc. Both Anatase grade and Rutile grade are exported. Web based interactions are done with customers. A sample if required is sent to the customers by cargo. After discussions with the customers regarding price, terms of export like FOB (Free Own Board), CIF (Cost intrense Freight), orders are placed by customers through fax or email specializing terms. As per the financial capability of customers, bank LOC (Letter Of Credit) is opened. All conditions are stated in LOC. With the help of Central Excise Department and in presence of them, the product is dispatched in container. Products are exported through an agent at Kochi. Letter of Undertaking (LOU) is the document (bond) used to export the products. This document is renewed yearly. DEPB (Duty Entitlement Pass Book) license, an incentive license is owned by TTP and with the help of which company get incentives from Foreign Trade. There is no export duty. Usually, the mode of transport used for

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exporting the product is sea transport. Export is usually made according to the requirements of the customers. 3.3.6 Business promotion activities Web-based and telephonic interactions are done with customers.

Advertisements (mainly magazine and newspapers and internet), trade commissions, discounts, introduction of company and company products to potential customers through internet, telephones, mails etc. are all business promotion activities.

Prices of Titanium Dioxide (various grades) and Potassium Titanate and Sodium Titanate per Metric Tonne for Inter State Sales Table no. 3.1 price list of TTP Particulars Anatase ISI Grade (Rs) Anatase GR PG (Rs) Anatase Rutile PG (Rs) Grade RD-01 (Rs) Basic price BED @ 12% 160000. 00 19200.0 0 155000. 00 18600.0 0 163000 .00 19560. 00
32

Rutile PG (Rs)

Rutile GP (Rs)

Anatase Pot.Tita ISI Grade (Rs) nate/ Sod.Tita nate (Rs)

167000 .00 20040. 00

170000 .00 20400. 00

147000 .00 17640. 00

170000 .00 20400. 00

170000. 00 20400.0 0

TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

Education Cess @ 2% S&H Edn. Cess 1% CST @ 2% against C Form Invoice Price

384.00

372.00

391.20

400.80

408.00

352.80

408.00

408.00

192.00

186.00

195.60

200.40

204.00

176.40

204.00

204.00

3595.52

3483.16

3662.9 4

3752.8 2

3820.2 4

3303.3 8

3820.2 4

3820.24

177641. 16

183371. 52

186809 .74

191394 .02

194832 .24

168472 .58

194832 .24

194832. 24

Source:-Price list of TTP from 13th August 2012

3.4 COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT


The commercial department of Travancore Titanium Products Ltd. involves in purchase activities and contracts. The work of this department is to sub serve all other activities of the company, which results in smooth flow of material, inputs and services required.

Structure of Commercial Department


Chief Commercial Manager

Deputy Commercial Manager

Assistant Commercial Manager

Section Officer

Clerks Typist

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Chart no.3.5 Structure of Commercial Department 3.4.1 Main objectives of the department include: To serve as an information centre on the materials knowledge relating to price, source of supply, mode of delivery etc. The quantity of materials purchased should be tested and certified by a competent officer from the department/stores. To develop good supplier relationship as this will ensure the best terms of supply of materials. The financial and legal interest of the organisation related to purchase activities are safeguarded and the timely supply is guaranteed. 3.4.2 Purchase Section Purchasing is the function of procuring goods and services from external sources to the organisation. In other words, purchasing is the procuring of materials, machine tools and services required for equipments, maintenance and the operation of a manufacturing plant. In TTPL, purchase department involves in purchase of raw materials like illmenite, sulphur, scrap iron, furnace oil and also purchase of tools and equipments like fabrication valves, pumps, canteen equipments, safety items, electrical goods, gears, lubricants, lab items, stationary items etc

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3.5 MATERIALS DEPARTMENT

Materials Manager

Deputy Materials Manager

Assistant Materials Manager

Section officerIndent (holding)

Section officerReceipt section

Section officerInventory control

Section officer- Issue

Store Keepers

Assistant Store Keepers


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Lascars (Material Handlers) Chart no.3.6 Structure of Material Department In TTP Ltd., even though the Materials section comes under the commercial department, it is functioning independently. In this company the investment in current assets constitutes a lion portion. Therefore a separate stores department is maintained. The location and layout of the department is carefully planned so that transportation charge can be minimized. 3.5.1 Functions of Material Department A. Issues of materials: The main function of this section is to issue the materials as per the issue voucher. This issue is also recorded in Bin Card and Computer. B. Dispatch: As per the delivery orders received from the commercial department the customers of the various products sent their transporting vehicles The through various transporters.. The invoice declaration and gate pass is prepared. materials produced daily is taken into stock and maintained in the register. C. Inspection: The receipt vouchers are checked for the item and the quantity and the concerned intend of the material is asked to inspect and certify. The inspector works in accordance to the concerned intends while receipt of goods. D. Inward Materials: All the stores materials coming to the stores as per the different purchase orders made by the purchase section are received.The quantity and quality a rechecked and a receipt voucher is prepared. After the inspection of materials, quantify is recorded in the BinCard and Kardex as per the location and code of each material. E. Raw Materials: The raw materials received from various sources i.e., departmental and contractor are recorded as per the weighbridge bills.

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F. Inventory Control and Disposal: The material section should also concerned with the inventory control. They should inform to the concerned departments when the reorder level is reached.

3.6 HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT


Human resource is the main asset of any organisation. Therefore managing the human resources are the most important functions of any organisation. So it is essential for any organization to fix a separate department for the management of human resources. The department is responsible for personnel functions of the company to result in timely action for maintaining smooth industrial relations, leading to employees morale and productivity.

Structure of Human Resource Department


Chief Manager

Manager of the department

Deputy Managers

Assistant Managers
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Section Officer

TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

Chart no.3.7 Human Resource Department 3.6.1 Employee strength of the company: Presently there are nearly 823 employees. The employees fall under two categories:

1. Managerial cadre 2. Workers cadre Managerial cadre is having superior service rules and the workers cadre having subordinate service rules. 3.6.2 Objectives of HR department To provide leadership for management of industrial relations and employees welfare functions of the company. Administering the different committees for employees participation. For evolving system of prompt attention and redressal of employees grievance and prevention of the same. For evolving system of prompt attention and redressal of employees grievance and prevention of the same.Administering the different committees for employees participation. Implementing the standing orders pertaining in the company. To provide basics for corporate strategies and policies for maintenance of industrial peace and for workers motivation.
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3.6.3 Functions of HR Department 1. Man power planning and identification One of the major functions of this department is the planning of the required manpower and identification of the vacancies present in the company. The number of employees required for the company was planned by Human resource department.

2. Recruitment Another important function of personal department is the recruitment of the right persons in the right place at right time. It is the first time process by which employment is provided to the adequate manpower resources. It is the positive process of searching for prospective employees and circulating them to apply for the jobs. Mainly there are 2 modes of recruitment 1. Direct Recruitment 2. Through Public Service Commission For the appointment of Managerial cadre Direct Recruitment mode is used. For the recruitment of process operator, work assistant, Direct Recruitment method is used. Clerks and typists are recruited through PSC. For Direct Recruitment of workers, 30% reserved for locals. For Direct Recruitment invitation will be given to the professional employment exchange and advertisement will be given in leading newspapers. Based on the written test & interview, selection is made. For conducting interviews there will be a selection committee consists of MD, Company Secretary, Chief Manager (Human Resource), Govt. Nominee and representative of concerned department.

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In addition to above 2 modes of recruitment, the following recruitments are made:

Sports Quota: Titanium encourages sports activities in the state by recruiting young promising players into the company sports team. These include Football, Volleyball players. The recruitment is based on qualification and sport level performance.

Dying in Harness: An employees dependant is provided employment in the company if he dies in service.

Special Recruitment: For SC/ST through PSC: 8% SC and 2% ST.

Probationer Newly appointed employees will be on probation. For Managerial cadre, it is one year. For subordinate class, it is 6 months. There will be police verification for newly appointed employee. During probation overall performance, attendance, punctuality, loss of pay, any disciplinary action taken etc will be taken into account. During probation period, the employee will not be eligible for annual leave. Appointment by transfer This is a type of internal recruitment. In case there is some vacancy and there is no eligible person to be promoted to that post, a person of another department having the required eligibility may apply and be appointed to the vacant post by internal transfers Dying-in-harness scheme The company appoints several persons by this scheme. If any employee dies before retirement, then the company offers job for his children or any member of family according to their qualification. 3. Maintaining Service Records The companys human resource department is keeping service record of each employees for further reference of promotion and transfer of the existing employees from the light of frequent performance evaluation.
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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

4. Promotion Promotion is concerned with rewarding the capable employees by putting them in highest positions, with more responsibility and higher pay. In case of promotion one year probation period will be provided. Usually promotion is based on Graduation Rank list. In addition to this performance rating, attendance, qualification is also considered. Advancement within an organisation is ordinarily labeled as promotion, which involves a change from one job to another that is better in terms of status and responsibility. Change to higher job is accompanied by increases in pay and privileges. For every chance for promotion, three persons are considered. Basis for promotion in TTP are attendance service, performance, seniority, test/interview etc. 5. Performance appraisal Performance appraisal is a systematic evaluation of present potential capabilities of personnel by their superiors. It is the process of estimating or judging value status of a person. In TTPL separate appraisal is done for subordinate staff and management cadre. In performance appraisal capacity, job knowledge, initiative, job attitude, human relations, personnel character, attendance, punctuality, integrity etc. are measured. It is conducted every six months. The main objectives of performance appraisal are: To provide systematic judgement to back up salary increments, transfers etc. Means of telling the employees how he is doing or performing his work and suggesting the needed changes in his behavior. It is used as a base for coaching and counseling the individual by his superior.

6. Labor welfare The very existence as well as the progress of a factory is largely dependent on the mental satisfaction of its workforce. Aiming the satisfaction of the workforce, labor welfare measures in various forms are introduced in Travancore Titanium Products. It provides a vast number of welfare amenities to its employees for the promotion of better labor management relationship.
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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

7. Maintaining records regarding leave TTPLs HR department is keeping the records of leave of the employee for the payment of remuneration of each employee in the organisation.

8. Industrial Relation In TTP, Trade Unions are recognized through a referendum. There were 9 Trade Unions in TTP, but in a referendum made by the company in 1996, all other unions except Titanium products Labor Union and Titanium General Laborers Union were disqualified. Therefore in 1998, all other unions merged into one to form a new trade union called Titanium Employees Co-ordination Council. TTP maintains an excellent relationship with its employees and their Trade Unions. TTP has 3 recognized trade unions. They are: 1. Titanium Products Labor Union (TPLU) of INTUC 2. Titanium Government Labor Union (TGLU) of CITU 3. Titanium Employee Co-ordination Council (TECC) of AITUC For recognition each union must have 20% or more support from among the employees. They are meant for carrying out functions like: To secure fair wages for workers. To safeguard the jobs of the employee and to improve the conditions of the organisation. To improve apport unities for promotion and transfer. To improve working and living conditions of employees.

9. Remuneration

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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

TTP gave fair remuneration to its employees in order to increase their morale thus by increasing productivity. There are two types of pay scale present. One is for subordinate service and other for officer service. HR department calculated the remuneration payable to each employee from the details of their attendance and the payroll sheet transferred to finance department. Retirement Retirement means the situation when the employee being terminated service on reaching a fixed age. The age of retirement of TTP is 58 yrs. At the time of retirement the employee will be provided with Provident Fund, Gratuity etc. Workers Participation The further enhancement of industrial relation is done by encouraging workers and increasing workers participation in management. For this purpose TTP has formed various committees like Works Committee, Canteen Advisory Committee, Departmental Promotion Committee, Medical Committee, Benevolent Fund Committee, Safety Committee etc. In the works committee the members are selected by representatives of workers and management. They meet once in a month.

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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

3.7 TRAINING DEPARTMENT


Training is an inevitable part of an organisation for ensuring the workers and officers commitment towards their respective works. Training is provided to the workers for increasing their skill and ability to perform specialized jobs.

Structure of Training Department


Chief Manager (HRD & AMN)

Assistant Manager (Training)

Training Officer

Staff

Chart no.3.8 Structure of Training Department 3.7.1 Objectives of Training department

Proper induction of new recruits into their job. To educate the employees regarding the procedure and responsibilities of their job.

To faster the career development To bridge the communication gap between the workers and the management.
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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

To develops skills for a particular job. To motivate worker

Every training programme has a well-defined specific objective. The different stages in training are as follows. 1. Induction Programme Induction programme is training with specific objectives. It aims at creating awareness to the new comers about the organization and its products, different sections, rules and regulations they have to follow etc. 2. Orientation This This is orientation. The training department of TTP mainly offers 4 main Training Programmes. They are: 1. Induction Programmes or Vestibule Training. This programme is designed to give them a general view of what the enterprises does, how it is organized, what benefits it offers and what its general rules and regulations are. 2. In-House Training Programme. This programme is meant for all levels of employees and worked, aimed at creating an awareness of the knowledge of fundamentals. It is mainly for improving employee's attitude, motivation, co-ordination etc. under this programme and industrial tour was conducted which was for 8 days. 3. Outside-Training. This programme is meant for particular category of employees or workers, conducted by the Training Department under the authority of specialized
45

is

the

second

stage

in

training

programme.

After

induction programme is carried out, feedback is obtained after three months.

TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

expert from outside agency. This is knowledge-based training. In this programme, an effort is made to expose participants to concepts, theories, basis principles, pure and applied knowledge. 4. Unit Level Class This programme is come under worker's education scheme. In this programme, education is given to the workers in order to create social awareness in turn. Education is given to workers in areas like their working environment, democracy etc.

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3.8 ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Structure of Engineering Department


Chief Engineer

Deputy Chief Engineer -Civil

Deputy Chief Engineer Mechanical Executive Engineer Mechanical Assistant Executive Engineer Mechanical

Deputy Chief Engineer - Electrical

Deputy Chief Engineer Instrumentation Executive Engineer Instrumentation Assistant Executive Engineer Instrumentation

Executive Engineer - Civil Assistant Executive Engineer - Civil

Executive Engineer Electrical Assistant Executive Engineer - Electrical

Assistant Engineers Supervisors Charge Heads Operators Work Assistants

Chart no.3.9

Structure of Engineering Department

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One of the major departments in TTP is the Engineering Department, which is headed by Chief Engineer. The Engineering Department is responsible for the installation of all factory structures, Plants, equipments and their proper maintenance and upkeep as well as optimum production of titanium dioxide. The Department has four sections each headed by Deputy Chief Engineers under the authority of Chief Engineer. The Chief Engineer co-ordinate the overall activities of all sections. TTP has a well efficient Engineering Department The Engineering department performs various functions very smoothly. It has coordination will other departments also. 3.8.1 The Objectives of the Engineering Department includes. Preparation of plants. Preparation of technical specifications and assist the Commercial Department in technical scrutiny of offers and arranging purchase and stock of materials. To advice the Management to take decision on all Engineering matters. To arrange planning of engineering equipments and stores materials required for the factory. Ensuring proper upkeep maintenance and installation of estate.

To keep liaison with Government Departments like KSEB. Electrical Inspectorate. Factories and Boilers Inspectorate etc. for ensuring maximum co-operation and assistance from these departments for maintaining all engineering related activities.

Planning, arranging and initiating preventive maintenance programmers and repair of equipments and installations in the factory including vehicles.

Preserve the working life of plants.


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The Engineering Department in TTP has four major subdivisions namely Mechanical, Electrical, Instrumentation and Civil Sections. A brief description about each section is as follows. 3.8.2 MECHANICAL SECTION Another section of Engineering Department is the Mechanical section, which is headed by three Deputy Chief Engineers. This section includes areas like Workshop and Plant Technical Services, Titanium dioxide plant and Vehicles, SAP, Boiler & Utilities. Functions of mechanical section includes maintenance of equipments, machines etc. Plant Technical Service (PTS) carried out statutory work of company. Repair Maintenance of Mechanical devices and equipments. Maintenance of spare parts. Installations and running of the related devices.

3.8.3 ELECTRICAL SECTION One of the major sections of the Engineering Department is Electrical Section-which is headed by Deputy Chief Engineer. This section undertakes the activities of maintaining sub-stations of 60/11 KV and 11/440KV power demand of the factory. The main function of this department is the electrical maintenance of plant and organization. The maintenance of different types of electrical equipments like switchgears, motor control center, power control center etc. The areas like white section and black section of plant, Generator substations and Sulphuric Acid Plant comes under this section.The electrical section has well equipped workshop, which undertakes electrical works of the company. The major functions include. Maintenance work of electrical equipments Inspection of electrical items. Undertaking electricity related works.
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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

3.8.4 INSTRUMENTATION SECTION Instrumentation department enhances maintenance of instruments, modification of works etc. The areas like titanium dioxide plant, shift, acid plant, lab instruments, weigh bridge, Attendance Management System are also come under this section. The section enhances Titanium Plant service maintenance as well as that of acid plant. The function of this section includes process parameters are done by this section. Daily charts and monthly charges are present. This section conducts service contracts for checking weighing bridge. This section also deals with punching system repair. . The TTP has electronic punching machines, which was filled by KELTORN. Attendance Management system is also another function of this section. 3.8.5 CIVIL SECTION The civil section is one of the major sections of Engineering department. There are 16 labours present in the section, which includes officers. They mainly undertake Plant maintenance work. The section has co-ordination with stores and Commercial Department. The main activity of civil section is construction and extension of building and also the maintenance of carpentry works, plumbing works etc. There is a separate drawing branch for drawing the outline of new projects in Civil Section.

3.9 LEGAL DEPARTMENT

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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

Legal department is to render legal opinion / advice on matters referred from various other departments of the company on subjects varying from recruitment and service to matters related to contract and commercial transactions. The Chief Manager heads the TTPs legal department. This department is responsible for representing the company in legal matters.

Structure of Legal Department


Chief Manager

Assistant Manager

Clerical staff Chart no.3.10 Structure of Legal Department 3.9.1 Objectives of Legal department Prevention and settlement of industrial dispute. Represent the company in the Court of Law. File cases against external parties.

3.9.2 Functions of Legal Department The Department is to render Legal opinion/advice on matters referred from various other Departments of the company on subjects varying from recruitment and service matters to contract and commercial transactions. I. Recruitment

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To the various categories of posts in Managerial Cadre and Subordinate Service, recruitments effected through PSC/Employment Exchange or by direct notification, and under Dying-in-Harness scheme. With regard to direct recruitment Legal opinion is often called for as to qualifications/eligibility of the candidates or acceptability of applications. In appointments under Dying-in-Harness scheme, producing of various certificates evidencing Death of the employee, right of the claimant(s) for Death-cum-Retirement benefits and qualifications/eligibility of the applicant for the job, the post to which the candidate is to be appointed etc, may require legal vetting and verification. II. Service Matters Service matters ranging from eligibility of the candidates for promotion to a particular post, deciding the merit, up-gradation (in lieu of promotion), increments/anomaly etc may call for legal advice/opinion. III. Conduct of Cases A dispute of difference between the parties in any of the above matters such as recruitment/service matters, contract may lead to litigation at various venues such as Industrial Tribunal/Labour Court, various Civil Courts, and High Courts of Departmental authorities such as Sales Tax/Transport Commissioner/Tribunals (Central Excise Commission/Collector (Appeals), Central Excise & Gold Control Appellate Tribunal (CEGAT). In case of purchase/contract disputes are also referred to Arbitration. In these cases, the Standing Counsels at Ernakulam and Trivandrum appear in Courts for the company. All the necessary information and documents required in the cases for filling/presenting in Court have to be obtained from the concerned Departments and transmitted to the Standing Counsels. Where the Judgment/Award of the Court or Authority contains any direction to the Company the Department has to pursue action for compliance with such direction stipulated in the judicial pronouncements.
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IV.

Disciplinary Proceedings Being an establishment employing above 1200 employees (Managerial and Subordinate Service), naturally questions of discipline may come up most often. Having got the certified Standing Order, and the misconducts well define therein, any act affecting discipline cannot but be taken cognizance of. Disciplinary proceedings start with issuance of chargesheet with details of the alleged misconduct and calling for the delinquents explanation which is not found satisfactory, domestic enquiry is ordered: this involves posting of the Enquiry officer and Presenting Officer, culminating in the Enquiry Report of the Enquiry officer and award of punishment, if found guilty, based on the Enquiry Report. At any of these stages legal opinion/advice may be sought so as to ensure that the Managements action is legally sound, as also to ensure that the delinquent is accorded reasonable opportunity to present/defend his case and natural justice meted out to him. In addition to these duties with regard to disciplinary proceedings in general, officers in the Department are posted as Enquiry/Presenting Officer in which case they have to play the role of the judge or prosecutor respectively.

V.

Commercial Transactions In the course of business, the Company has to enter into agreements/contracts with various suppliers, customers and contractors for supply of material, servicing of equipment supplied, executing of contract works etc throughout the country and even abroad at times. Documents embodying these contracts have to be drafted/approved/vetted by this Department. In case of delay or default in supply or execution of work as per contract also, this department shall have to intervene at various stages by way of issue of show cause notice, termination of control, blacklisting of the party etc.

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VI.

Financial Matters Mainly the financial matters referred for legal opinion relate to levy of charges such as Excise duty/MODVAT claims, Sales Tax etc., on material purchased/sold by the company. There being a bulk of statues in the country governing industry/labour in addition to the ordinary enactments on civil matters, a legal issue may spring up in anything related to the Company any time, warranting involvement of Legal Department

3.10 SAFETY DEPARTMENT


Safety can be defined as a positive, organized activity or program based on knowledge of the reaction between man and his working
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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

environment, which aids business enterprise by minimizing human and economic and sociological losses caused by injuries, health impairment, fires, explosions and other occupational accidents. Safety management is a statutory requirement in any organisation and its objectives is to ensure the safety of the factory premises and personnel. TTP has a safety department in order to ensure the safety needs of its employees. According to Factories Act, every company employing more than five hundred workers should have a welfare and security officer. The safety department which is handled by a safety manager is considered to be vigilant in every aspect of production. Primary job of safety manager involves teaching supervisors, assisting them in their responsibility for ensuring safety in operation. .

Structure of Safety Department


Safety & Environment Manager

Assistant Managers

Supervisor

Section officers

Chart no.3.11 Structure of Safety Department 3.10.1 The main Objectives of the department include

To give instructions to work force about safe working methods & conditions.

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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

To detect and prevent work related accidents.

To control accidents and losses. To advice and assist the factory management for fulfillment of its statutory obligation.

Monitoring the potential health and safety problems and carrying safety inspections.

The various personal Protective Equipments that the company provided for the employees are. Table no. 3.2 the various personal Protective Equipments Helmet Goggles Mask Respiratory Apparatus Gloves Apron Sale Shoe For head For eyes For face For Breathing For Hand For Body For Foot

3.10.2 Functions of Safety Department To provide the preventive action against accidents. To create Safety Awareness. Safety Training.

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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

To direct unsafe conditions and actions in the working premises and report to top management.

it

To control the losses and accidents that occurred within the company. Give medical and other type of assistance in accidents. To provide preventive action, which includes plant safety inspection, safety audit, and periodic training program for accident prevention.

To create safety awareness among the employees. To conduct investigation about the accidents that occurred. To analysis the accidents occurred in a year and calculated

3.11 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT


In TTP there is a Medical section. Even though it comes under the authority of Human resource department, it is functioning independently for providing better medical service to the employees.

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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

The head of the section is a Medical Officer. Under him, there is one male nurse and four nursing assistants. The working hour of this department is 24 hours and 365 days in a year. The Medical Officer and male nurse were working on general shift i.e. from 9 am to 5 pm. The ambulance and driver is present for 24 hrs service. Doctors are appointed by the company. When an accident occurs within the factory premises, first aid is provided and if found serious the victim is taken to the nearby hospital. The employees working in areas hazardous to their health are subjected to annual biotexological examination at Occupation Health Service Centre. Periodical medical checkup for employees in canteen, led burning, packing shed, acid plant and welding section are conducted. Ophthalmic checkup for the employees was organized in collaboration with ophthalmic outpatient unit of General Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram. Supplementary vitamin foods were being given to these employees. The medical allowance given to the employees is 14% of the amount of sum of basic pay and DA, which is paid once in 3 months.

Structure of Medical Department


Medical Officer

Male Nurse

Nursing Assistants
N

Chart no.3.12

Structure of Medical Department

3.12 PROJECT DEPARTMENT


The company takes projects recently. So the importance of Project Department gains its importance recently. This is a new department specially created for carrying out the project works successfully. The project department in TTP, which is headed by Chief Project Manager carry out the projects for the company. They also dealt with plant modification and expansion. Under
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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

the authority of Chief Project manager , three wings are present namely civil, mechanical and project wing.

Structure of Project Department


Chief Project Manager

Assistant Project Manager

Clerical Staff

Chart no.3.13 Structure of Project Department The project department undertakes type of works like: 3.12.1 Plant Modification and Expansion Plant modification and expansion is very important concerned with the company. Company gives prime importance to the modification of the plant. Project department is concerned with this duty.

3.12.2 New Projects Company undertakes several new projects. Pollution is the main problem faced by the company. So company needs a project for pollution controlling. So this project department undertakes a new project of Effluent Treatment Plant worth Rs.412 Crores for pollution controlling. In this project 3 plants are intended namely, Acid recovery plant, Copperas recovery plant and Neutralization plant. The amount estimated to complete the first phase of this project is 129 crores, out of which 82 crores were expended by the company.
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TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

3.13 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT The company takes projects recently. So the importance of Project Department gains its importance recently. This is a new department specially created for carrying out the project works successfully. The project department in TTP, which is headed by Chief Project Manager carry out the projects for the company. They also dealt with plant modification and expansion. Under the authority of Chief Project manager , three wings are present namely civil, mechanical and project wing Research is an ongoing process. For the development of any organization, research is a prime factor. So in any reputed organization, there is a special wing for
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research and development. TTP also has a well-equipped and efficient R & D department concerned with quality control and pollution monitoring, Technical services, Research and pilot plant respectively. The department was concerned with the research or study of new processes or techniques for the company. By the findings of these departments, the company was able to find long-term solution to certain problems of process and quality. The R & D Manager is responsible for guiding, directing, initiating and executing all the jobs in the department. The ISI analysis of the products and raw materials also came under the department. Research and development activities are concerned with raw material substitutions, usage norms, surface coating, development of titanium based products, pollution control, effluent control advice on stage wise inspection and follow-up of titanium dioxide production particularly Rutile grade. TTP gave prior importance to the quality of product. Their product was well known for its quality.

Structure of Research and Development Department


Chief Manager R & D

Manager R & D Technical Service

Manager R & D Process Control

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Deputy Managers R & D

Assistant Managers R & D

Chemists

Assistant Chemists

Junior Chemists Chart no.3.14 Structure of Research and Development Department 3.13.1 The main objectives of R & D department are: Render in process, stage wise testing and trouble-shooting service acting as a necessary adjunct to production. Undertake development projects both for process and product improvement and diversification to help General Manager and advice management on new process, products and projects.

Identifying the changing needs of customers through regular interactions. Maintaining quality at incoming in process and final product stages. Implementing and maintaining a quality management system.

3.13.2 The department has also some functions like: Studying the variance. Finding the process parameters like electricity revelation per minute (rpm). To improve the quality as well as quantity of products. Monitoring the plant performance. Monitoring the pollution.
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Maintaining quality at all stages of products. Providing service to customers. Taking samples at various stages starting from raw material till the product. Analyzing the samples, finding the variance in production.

3.13.3 Research & development Department Includes 5 Divisions Namely; 1. Research and pilot plant The pilot plant produces special grade of Titanium dioxide, sodium titanate and potassium titanate that are used in welding electrodes as flux. 2. Process Quality Control It is responsible for analysis of raw material, finished products and samples from different products process stages etc. 3. Technical services It is responsible for providing service to customers. They analysis the final packed product for ISI grading and allow the same for the customers looking in for specific requirement and attends to customers queries and complaints. 4. Pollution Monitoring It carries out analysis of liquid effluent and stack emissions and reports the result to the State pollution Control Board. The Research group is responsible for optimizing products, quality and process specification, development of titanium based product on a bench scale and further on a pilot plant scale. 5. Library TTP has two Libraries, namely Technical Library and Titanium Recreation Club Library (TRC library), which comes under the R& D department. Technical library has books of all subjects, which is under management control. TRC library has daily newspapers and magazines, which is under a committee Chairman is a Management nominee. There are 7 members in the committee.

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3.14 SECURITY & VIGILANCE DEPARTMENT


The companys security department is headed by Security Superintendent and Vigilance officer. It is the responsibility of security department to protect employees, materials, machineries, buildings and protect during fire, theft and other problems. As the security is 24 hrs, in every shift, the security group is headed by head security guard.

Structure of Security and vigilance Department


Security Superintendent

Security Officers

Assistant Security Officers 64

Head Security Guard Security Guards

TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS Ltd

Chart no.3.15 Duties

Structure of Security and vigilance Department

To carry out standing orders properly. To ensure that the rules and laws of the company are obeyed.

Functions To protect the personnel and property of the organisation against theft and pilferage. To check all incoming and outgoing goods and vehicles. To assist the management in case of strikes and labor unrest. To bring irregularities to the notice of the management and suggesting remedial measures. All the movements of the employees and outsiders through the main gate shall be recorded in the relevant registers. The main gate will be locked at all times and will open only to permit the movement only under the scheduled timings or under authorized documents. Should be very careful towards fire prevention and workmen is not allowed to smoke inside the factory premises.

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At the close of the working time, inspect the windows and ventilators and ensure that all fans, lights, water taps, etc are switched off except the security lights. 3.14.1 The points of security in Travancore Titanium Products Limited 1. Main gate 2. Inner gate 3. Work shop 4. Main office (Reception) 5. Time office 6. Power loading 7. Cash section(when needed) 8. General stores and Canteen area.

4.1. SWOT ANALYSIS


TTP is a major company, which is a Public Sector undertaking under Government of Kerala. The company is in the face of extension now. The TTP has strength as well as weakness. It also has opportunity and threats. Strength TTP is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Government of Kerala. Brand name and excellent reputation. High quality of products. Experienced work force.
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Weakness

Easy availability of raw materials. Strong Safety department. ISO 9001:2000 certification of TTPL. Functioning with internal source of fund. Loyal customers. Lesser government restrictions compared to other industries.

Excess staff Production cost is high. Price of the product is very high. Lack of technological up gradation. No proper management information system. Political interference in the day to day management. Major policy decisions are taken by State Government and hence delay in decision making.

There is high level of water and air pollution. Strikes staged by local people against water pollution.

Opportunity Scope for utilization of plant's production capacity Maximum utilization of workforce efficiency. Increasing demand of Titanium dioxide globally Adopt new machineries and technologies
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Threat

Maximum exploitation of export-market. The company has a good opportunity to sell sulphuric acid.

Pollution problem Threat from local competitors like Kilbun and Colmac. Threat from importers like China and Malaysia. Reduced price of competitors.

4.2 PORTERS FIVE FORCE MODEL


Michael .E. Porters five force model is used as the framework for analysis. The five competitive forces-entries, threat of substitution, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and rivalry among current competition-reflects the fact that competition in an industry goes well beyond the established players. Customer, Suppliers, Substitutes and potential entrants are all competitors to firms in the industry and may be more or less prominent depending on the particular circumstances.

Potential Entrants (Threat of mobility)


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Suppliers (Supplier Power)

Industry Rivalry

Buyers (Buyer Power)

Substitutes (Threat of Substitutes)

Chart no.4.1 Porters Five Force Model

1. Rivalry
The incumbents share in the total Indian TIO market has drastically came down from a position of monopolist. An industry with growth rate assumed to be 7 % (based on GDP) is meaningful provided the demand/supply position is controlled by indigenous players. But with liberalization, import duty cut made it cheaper to import customized quality products. Of the four players in the industry, two large producers are in the public sector and the other two are in the private sector. Indian import of ANATASE grade TIO during 96-97 is of the tune1881.897 tonns for a value of Rs13.6 crores.

2. Threat of new entry


TiO industry is capital intensive in nature. For justification a price of Rs100000/tonne is required as return on investment. The process technology to
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produce ANATASE grade TiO (sulphate route) is not tightly controlled as that of RUTILE grade TiO (chloride route). An interesting feature of the domestic TiO industry scenario is that a number of green field manufacturing plants have been advertised but have not made headway beyond the conceptualization stage.

3. Substitution
TiO introduced as a substitute to zinc oxide and lithopone in the early twenties, was in the ANATASE form, sooner TiO in the rutile form was manufactured using sulphate route. Later chloride process was introduced to manufacture rutile. Now in essence 80% of rutile TiO is an ideal substitution for 100% ANATASE TiO. Substitution of TiO can be made by using Kaolin, calcium carbonate, silica and calcinated clay.

4. Buyers
Developments in the paint industry are moving at a great pace. It is particularly important for paint manufacturers to have access to TiO pigments with the highest standards of performance and quality as well as to well qualified and knowledgeable pigment specialist to assist them in their formulating work.

5. Suppliers
With more technological advancements in the feed stock scenario, suppliers are providing wide range of feed stocks. In the global feed stock scenario 56%of titaniferous feed stocks represent upgraded products. This is because of awareness of their technical/commercial needs. Feed stock producer would probably not be successful TiO pigment manufacturers because of the specialist technology require

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5.1 FINDINGS

The Travancore Titanium Products Limited is one of the pioneering units engaged in the manufacturing of anatase grade titanium Dioxide.

Only male workers are employed in the plant of Travancore Titanium Product Limited.

The educational qualification of the employees in TTP Ltd is very high. About 40% of the workers employed in the company are graduates.

The company is providing a well conceived transport system and most of the workers rate the conveyance facilities as good.

There is a good follow up of the well defined rules and regulations. The employees express satisfaction over the functioning of the various departments.

Absence of marketing strategy. The organisation is blessed with highly skilled and experienced employees. Uniform for all workers except those in the administrative levels
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Complaints from the local inhabitants, nearby the company Pollution is the main problem faced by the company. As the company is a PSU, government sanction is needed for most of process and hence administrative delay is of great concern for the firm. the

5.2 S UGGESTIONS
1. Technological Up gradation TTP Ltd still follows the old technology that needs to be replaced immediately so that new technology up gradation could give TTP a much better output. 2. Pollution Control If proper steps are taken to treat the liquid waste and vapour emission from more projects to control the pollution. 3. Method of production Adopt new method of production that will minimize the cost of production 4. New project The management of the company should take steps to continue the Effluent Treatment Plant Project submitted by the project department 5. Development of new products the

company, the company will become zero pollution company. TTP should undertake

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Because of the wide applications of titanium products, the company can develop new products using the R & D facility. 6. Introduction of good Management Information System TTP Ltd doesnt have a good management information system. If it is introduced in the company, the company should achieve a better integration between the departments in the organization. 7. Training programme Provide more training programmes to all the workers and office staff of the organisation in order to develop their skills, knowledge and their attitude towards works etc. This will automatically increase the production.

5.3 CONCLUSION
The Travancore Titanium Products Ltd is a well reputed, profit making Indian Company with an annual sales turnover of about 170 crores. The company is a boon to India, as its main product, Titanium dioxide forms an essential ingredient of almost all items used in our day-to-day life. Moreover, all the departments are functioning hand-in-hand and contributing to improve the profitability of the organization. The management of TTP is well blessed with experienced and qualified persons, which has resulted in profit maximization. TTP's welfare facilities greatly emphasis on the high concern it has for the human resource. With these assets, Travancore Titanium Products Limited will have a bright future. TTP is now facing great pollution problems, which will be solved soon with the upcoming of the Effluent Treatment Plant Project. The Company is expecting good profit in the coming years. With a strong management and dedicated work force, TTP

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can overcome all its problems and exploit the ever-increasing market of Titanium Dioxide.

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