WiMax - Cng ngh truy nhp mng khng dy bng rng

WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) ra i nhm cung cp mt phng tin truy cp Internet khng dy tng hp c th thay th cho ADSL v WiFi. H thng WiMax c kh nng cung cp ng truyn vi tc ln n 70Mb/s v vi bn knh ph sng ca mt trm anten pht ln n 50 km. M hnh ph sng ca mng WiMax tng t nh mng in thoi t bo. Bn cnh , WiMax cng hot ng mm do nh WiFi khi truy cp mng. Mi khi mt my tnh mun truy nhp mng n s t ng kt ni n trm anten WiMax gn nht.
ThS. Nguyn Quc Khng, TS. Nguyn Vn c, ThS. Nguyn Trung Kin, KS. Nguyn Thu H Gii thiu: Chng ta bit n cc cng ngh truy nhp Internet ph bin hin nay nh quay s qua Modem thoi, ADSL, hay cc ng thu knh ring, hoc s dng cc h thng v tuyn nh in thoi di ng, hay mng WiFi. Mi phng php truy cp mng c c im ring. i vi Modem thoi th tc qu thp, ADSL tc c th ln n 8Mbit/s nhng cn c ng dy kt ni, cc ng thu knh ring th gi thnh t m khng d dng trin khai i vi cc khu vc c a hnh phc tp. H thng thng tin di ng hin ti cung cp tc truyn 9,6Kbit/s qu thp so vi nhu cu ngi s dng, ngay c cc mng th h sau GSM nh GPRS (2.5G) cho php truy cp tc ln n 171,2Kbit/s hay EDGE khong 300-400Kbit/s cng cha th p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng khi s dng cc dch v mng Internet. h thng di ng th h tip theo 3G th tc truy cp Internet cng khng vt qu 2Mb/s. Vi mng WiFi (chnh l mng LAN khng dy) ch c th p dng cho cc my tnh trao i thng tin vi khong cch ngn. Vi thc t nh vy, WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) ra i nhm cung cp mt phng tin truy cp Internet khng dy tng hp c th thay th cho ADSL v WiFi. H thng WiMax c kh nng cung cp ng truyn vi tc ln n 70Mb/s v vi bn knh ph sng ca mt trm anten pht ln n 50 km. M hnh ph sng ca mng WiMax tng t nh mng in thoi t bo. Bn cnh , WiMax cng hot ng mm do nh WiFi khi truy cp mng. Mi khi mt my tnh mun truy nhp mng n s t ng kt ni n trm anten WiMax gn nht. WiMax hot ng nh th no? Thc t WiMax hot ng tng t WiFi nhng tc cao v khong cch ln hn rt nhiu cng vi mt s lng ln ngi dng. Mt h thng WiMax gm 2 phn: Trm pht: ging nh cc trm BTS trong mng thng tin di ng vi cng sut ln c th ph sng mt vng rng ti 8000km2 Trm thu: c th l cc anten nh nh cc Card mng cm vo hoc c thit lp sn trn Mainboard bn trong cc my tnh, theo cch m WiFi vn dng Cc trm pht BTS c kt ni ti mng Internet thng qua cc ng truyn tc cao dnh ring hoc c th c ni ti mt BTS khc nh mt trn trung chuyn bng ng truyn thng (line of sight), v chnh v vy WiMax c th ph sng n nhng vng rt xa.

Hnh 1: M hnh truyn thng ca WiMax Cc anten thu/pht c th trao i thng tin vi nhau qua cc tia sng truyn thng hoc cc tia phn x. Trong trng hp truyn thng, cc anten c t c nh trn cc im cao, tn hiu trong trng hp ny n nh v tc truyn c th t ti a. Bng tn s dng c th dng tn s cao n 66GHz v tn s ny tn hiu t b giao thoa vi cc knh tn hiu khc v bng thng s dng cng ln hn. i vi trng hp tia phn x, WiMax s dng bng tn thp hn, 2-11GHz, tng t nh WiFi, tn s thp tn hiu d dng vt qua cc vt cn, c th phn x, nhiu x, un cong, vng qua cc vt th n ch. Cc c im ca WiMax WiMax c tiu chun ho IEEE 802.16. H thng ny l h thng a truy cp khng dy s dng cng ngh OFDMA c cc c im sau [1]: Khong cch gia trm thu v pht c th ti 50km. Tc truyn c th thay i, ti a 70Mbit/s. Hot ng trong c hai mi trng truyn dn: ng truyn tm nhn thng LOS (Line of Sight) v ng truyn che khut NLOS (Non line of sight). Di tn lm vic 2-11GHz v t 10-66GHz hin v ang c tiu chun ho. Trong WiMax hng truyn tin c chia thnh hai ng ln v xung. ng ln c tn s thp hn ng xung v u s dng cng ngh OFDM truyn. OFDM trong WiMax s dng tng cng 2048 sng mang, trong c 1536 sng mang dnh cho thng tin c chia thnh 32 knh con mi knh con tng ng vi 48 sng mang. WiMax s dng iu ch nhiu mc thch ng t BPSK, QPSK n 256-QAM kt hp cc phng php sa li d liu nh ngu nhin ho, vi m ho sa li Reed Solomon, m xon t l m t 1/2 n 7/8.

 rng bng tn ca WiMax t 5MHz n trn 20MHz c chia thnh nhiu bng con 1,75MHz. Mi bng con ny c chia nh hn na nh cng ngh OFDM, cho php nhiu thu bao c th truy cp ng thi mt hay nhiu knh mt cch linh hot m bo ti u hiu qu s dng bng tn. Cng ngh ny c gi l cng ngh a truy nhp OFDMA (OFDM access). Cho php s dng c hai cng ngh TDD (time division duplexing) v FDD (frequency division duplexing) cho vic phn chia truyn dn ca hng ln (uplink) v hng xung (downlink). V cu trc phn lp, h thng WiMax c phn chia thnh 4 lp : Lp con tip ng (Convergence) lm nhip v giao din gia lp a truy nhp v cc lp trn, lp a truy nhp (MAC layer), lp truyn dn (Transmission) v lp vt l (Physical). Cc lp ny tng ng vi hai lp di ca m hnh OSI v c tiu chun ho c th giao tip vi nhiu ng dng lp trn nh m t hnh di y.

Hnh 2: M hnh phn lp trong h thng WiMax so snh vi OSI Cng ngh OFDM cho vic truyn dn v tuyn mng WiMax WiMax s dng cng ngh OFDM giao din v tuyn truyn ti d liu v cho php cc thu bao truy nhp knh. Cng c nhiu cng ngh khc nhau giao din ny nh FDM, CDMA. Tuy nhin OFDM chng t l n c nhng u vit hn rt nhiu v tc truyn, t l li bit, cng nh hiu qu s dng ph tn nn c IEEE chn lm cng ngh truyn dn cho truyn thng v tuyn bng rng trong chun IEEE 802.16e. Ch rng mi trng truyn thng v tuyn l mt mi trng khc nghit nht trong truyn dn thng tin. N gy suy hao tn hiu v bin cng nh suy hao la chn tn s, km theo cc hiu ng pha inh a ng. S suy hao ny c bit tng nhanh theo khong cch v tn s cao, ngoi ra cn ty thuc vo a hnh l thnh th, ng bng hay min ni m s suy gim cng khc nhau. Hnh 3 v Bng 1 di y l nghin cu trn cc h thng ISM tn s 2,4GHz v UNII tn s 5,4GHz minh ho s suy gim theo khong cch v trn cc loi a hnh vi cc iu kin truyn dn khc nhau.

Hnh 3: Suy gim tn hiu theo khong cch [2]

M t Khu vc trung tm thnh ph nhiu nh cao tng Khu vc ngoi t nh cao tng Khu nng thn Khu vc a hnh khng u v vng nhiu cy ci

Mc suy gim 20dB thay i t ph ny ti ph khc tng 10dB tn hiu so vi vng trung tm tng 20dB tn hiu so vi vng ngoi cng sut tn hiu thay i t 3-12dB

Bng 1: S suy gim tn hiu trong mi trng v tuyn [3] Trong mi trng truyn dn a ng, nhiu xuyn k t (ISI) gy bi tn hiu phn x c thi gian tr khc nhau t cc hng khc nhau t pht n thu l iu khng th trnh khi. nh hng ny s lm bin dng hon ton mu tn hiu khin bn thu khng th khi phc li c tn hiu gc ban u. Cc k thut s dng tri ph trc tip DS-CDMA nh trong chun 802.11b rt d b nh hng bi nhiu a ng v thi gian tr c th vt qu khong thi gian ca mt k t. OFDM s dng k thut truyn song song nhiu bng tn con nn ko di thi gian truyn mt k t ln nhiu ln. Ngoi ra, OFDM cn chn thm mt khong bo v (guard interval - GI), thng ln hn thi gian tr ti a ca knh truyn, gia hai k t nn nhiu ISI c th b loi b hon ton. Nhiu la chn tn s cng l mt vn gy nh hng ln n cht lng truyn thng tn hiu. Tuy nhin, OFDM cng mm do hn CDMA khi gii quyt vn ny. OFDM c th khi phc li knh truyn thng qua tn hiu dn ng (Pilot) c truyn i cng vi dng tn hiu thng tin. Ngoi ra, i vi cc knh con suy gim nghim trng v tn s th OFDM cn c mt la chn na gim t l li bit l gim bt s bt m ho cho mt tn hiu iu ch ti knh tn s . Mc d vy, OFDM khng phi khng c nhc im, l n i hi kht khe v vn ng b v s sai lch v tn s, nh hng ca hiu ng Doppler khi di chuyn v lch pha s gy ra nhiu giao thoa tn s (Intercarrier interference - ICI) m kt qu l ph b s trc giao gia cc tn s sng mang v lm tng t s bt li (BER). Tuy nhin OFDM cng c th gim bt s phc tp ca vn ng b thng qua khong bo v (GI). S dng chui bo v (GI) cho php OFDM c th iu chnh tn s thch hp mc d vic thm GI cng ng ngha vi vic gim hiu qu s dng ph tn s. Ngoi ra OFDM chu nh hng ca nhiu xung, c ngha l mt xung tn hiu nhiu c th tc ng xu n mt chm tn hiu thay v mt s k t nh trong CDMA v iu ny lm tng t l li bit ca OFDM so vi CDMA. Cng ngh truy nhp knh (OFDMA) cho mng WiMax Hot ng truy nhp knh lp MAC ca WiMax hon ton khc so vi WiFi. WiMax h tr phng php truyn song cng FDD v TDD s dng k thut truy nhp TDMA/OFDMA. u im ca phng php ny l n cho php linh ng thay i rng bng tn ln hoc xung, dn n c th thay i tc pht (Upload) hoc thu (Download) d liu ch khng phi l c nh nh trong ASDL hay CDMA. Trong WiFi tt c cc trm truy nhp mt cch ngu nhin n im truy cp (Access point - AP), chnh v vy khong cch khc nhau t mi nt n AP s lm gim thng lng mng. Ngc li, lp MAC ca 802.16, lch trnh hot ng cho mi thu bao c nh trc, do vy cc trm ch c duy nht mt ln cnh tranh knh truyn dn l thi im gia nhp mng. Sau thi im ny, mi trm c trm pht gc gn cho mt khe thi gian. Khe thi gian c th m rng hay co hp li trong qu trnh truyn dn. u im ca vic t lch trnh l ch truyn dn vn hot ng n nh trong trng hp qu ti v s lng thu bao ng k vt qu cho php, v n cng c th tng c hiu qu s dng bng tn. Vic s dng thut ton lch trnh cn cho php trm pht gc iu khin cht lng dch v (Quality of Service -QoS) bng vic cn bng nhu cu truyn thng gia cc thu bao. lm c iu ny, h thng WiMax thc hin vic m ho v iu ch thch nghi (AMC-Adaptation Modulation and Coding) ti u ho bng thng tu thuc vo iu kin ca knh truyn. i vi knh truyn tt (c ngha l t s tn hiu trn tp m SNR cao) c th iu ch 64-QAM. Ni knh cht lng thp hn th gim dn mc iu ch xung n QPSK. Cc kt qu nghin cu chng minh c tnh u vit ca WiMax so vi WCDMA nh Bng 2. Bng 2: So snh mt s tham s gia OFDM v CDMA [2] S lng thu bao trong mt trm ph sng

Cng ngh

Thng lng trung Thng lng trung bnh bnh ca mng (Mbit/s) ca mt thu bao (kbit/s)

Tr truyn dn trung bnh ca mt gi (s)

OFDM WCDMA (MMSE) WCDMA (Rake)

40 40 40

4,45 3,83 3,03

1802 1170 490

2,33 3,56 8,54

K thut iu ch v m ho thch nghi l mt trong nhng u vit ca OFDM v n cho php ti u ho mc iu ch trn mi knh con da trn cht lng tn hiu (t l SNR) v cht lng knh truyn dn. Trong cng ngh a truy nhp OFDMA, cc thu bao c phn chia ti nguyn v tuyn thng qua vic truy nhp vo cc sng mang ph khc nhau. Hnh 4 ch ra cho ta thy lm th no knh con c la chn da trn mc cht lng tnh hiu nhn c.

Hnh 4: La chn knh thch hp cho mi user [2] ng dng v trin vng pht trin ca WiMax Ph sng trong phm vi rng, tc truyn tin ln, h tr ng thi nhiu thu bao v cung cp cc dnh v nh VoIP, Video m ngay c ADSL hin ti cng cha p ng c l nhng c tnh u vit c bn ca WiMax. Cc ng ADSL nhng khu vc m trc y ng dy cha ti c th nay c th truy cp c Internet. Cc cng ty vi nhiu chi nhnh trong thnh ph c th khng cn lp t mng LAN ca ring mnh l ch cn t mt trm pht BTS ph sng trong c khu vc hoc ng k thu bao hng thng ti cng ty cung cp dch v. truy cp ti mng, mi thu bao c cung cp mt m s ring v c hn ch bi quyn truy cp theo thng hay theo khi lng thng tin m bn nhn c t mng. Bn cnh , h thng WiMax s gip cho cc nh khai thc di ng khng cn phi ph thuc vo cc ng truyn phi i thu ca cc nh khai thc mng hu tuyn, cng l i th cnh tranh ca h. Hu ht hin nay ng truyn dn gia BSC v MSC hay gia cc MSC ch yu c thc hin bng cc ng truyn dn cp quang, hoc cc tuyn viba im-im. Phng php thay th ny c th gip cc nh khai thc dch v thng tin di ng tng dung lng trin khai cc dch v mi vi phm vi ph sng rng m khng lm nh hng n mng hin ti. Ngoi ra, WiMax vi kh nng ph sng rng, khp mi ng ngch thnh th cng nh nng thn, s l mt cng c h tr c lc trong cc lc lng cng an, lc lng cu ho hay cc t chc cu h khc c th duy tr thng tin lin lc trong nhiu iu thi tit, a hnh khc nhau. Hin ti c nhiu thnh ph trn th gii nh M, Nht, Trung Quc, Hn Quc v.v. c k hoch trin khai WiMax, v ngay c Microsoft cng quan tm v coi WiMax nh l mt tiu chun v s tch hp vo trong cc phn mm ca mnh vo mng. D on cc sn phm tch hp WiMax vi my tnh cng s c cho ra mt th trng vo cui nm 2005. Ti liu tham kho [1]. IEEE 802.16a-2003: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems [2]. A Technical Overview and Comparison of WiMAX and 3G Technologies, December 2004 Intel- Technical White Paper.

[3]. http://www.skydsp.com/publications/4thythesis/index.htm [4]. http://www.wimaxforum.org

S c nh r nh h

ri n c

Nhng tho lun, tranh ci xung quanh nhng u im v nhc im ca WiMAX, WLAN v 3G cng vi s tng ln v s lng cc nh cung cp thit b di ng cng nh cc nh khai thc vin thng to iu kin thun li cho cc cng ngh ny cng pht trin v thu ht nhiu s quan tm ca c khch hng v cc nh kinh doanh.

KS. L S t ThS. Nguyn Vn t I. GII THIU Nhng tho lun, tranh ci xung quanh nhng u im v nhc im ca WiMAX, WLAN v 3G cng vi s tng ln v s lng cc nh cung cp thit b di ng cng nh cc nh khai thc vin thng to iu kin thun li cho cc cng ngh ny cng pht trin v thu ht nhiu s quan tm ca c khch hng v cc nh kinh doanh. Bi vit ny phn tch c s cnh tranh v s pht trin ca ba cng ngh WiMAX, WLAN v 3G t nhiu kha cnh, nh chun k thut lin quan, hin trng v xu hng trong tng lai cng nh nh hng ca th trng... Ni mt cch khc, ba cng ngh ny c th phi hp, cng lm vic tng tc vi nhau trong khi vn mang tnh cnh tranh vi nhau. II. KHA CNH K THUT A. WiMAX WiMAX (World Interoperability for Microwave Access) l mt k thut cho php ng dng truy nhp cho mt khu vc th rng ln. Vng ph ca WiMAX c ng knh trung bnh t 30 n 50 km, r rng ln hn hn so vi vng ph ca cc mng truy nhp v tuyn hin ti. N c th cung cp tc truyn d liu tc cao ln ti 100 Mbps vi rng bng tn l 20 MHz. Cc thng s k thut ca WiMAX c tiu chun ha trong chun IEEE 802.16e v mt s chun tip theo n. Ty thuc vo tn s sng mang khc nhau m c 3 kiu cng ngh lp vt l c nh ngha cho chun 802.16d: n sng mang (Single Carrier - SC), Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDM 256 im) v a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDMA 2048 im). iu ch n sng mang SC c p dng ch yu h thng Truy nhp khng dy c nh FWA (Fixed Wireless Access) tn s t 10GHz n 66GHz, trong khi iu ch OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) c s dng cho h thng FWA tn s 2GHz n 11GHz.

Chun 802.16e c thit k h tr tnh di ng u cui v hin ti n hng vo phc v cc u cui vi tc di dng ln n 120 km/gi. Vi s tng ln v tc trong di chuyn ca cc u cui, hiu nng ca h thng s b gim st do hiu ng dch tn Doppler l ln. ch hng ti ca chun 802.16e l t tc bit 70Mbps. Vi rng bng tn ca sng mang l 20 MHz v iu ch 64 QAM c s dng, th tc bit hon ton c th t c, nhng khi vng ph sng trung bnh s nh hn tng i so vi vic s dng iu ch QPSK. Vi h thng s dng chun 802.16e th tc u cui, tc truyn d liu v bn knh vng ph sng lun c s tha hip, rng buc ln nhau. OFDM v OFDMA l cc k thut mang tnh ct li trong chun 802.16d, v chng cng l cng ngh mang tnh cha kha nghin cu, pht trin cho B3G (Beyond 3G). OFDM l mt cng ngh iu ch a sng mang c p dng trong cng ngh ng dy thu bao s bt i xng ADSL v cng ngh mng cc b v tuyn WLAN. Cc nh nghin cu v ang tho lun xung quanh cc ng dng ca OFDM cho cc cng ngh trong lnh vc thng tin di ng. OFDM c bit n nh l mt cng ngh c hiu qu s dng tn s cao v kh nng chng li nh hng nhiu a ng, nhiu fading cng nh nhiu bng hp l rt tt. OFDMA l mt kiu ca OFDM a truy nhp c s dng trong chiu ln (uplink). Mi ngi dng c nh v bi cc sng mang con khc nhau v v th d dng phn bit bi cc sng mang con v chng trc giao vi nhau. OFDMA cho php mt ngi dng truyn trn mt phn ca ton b sng mang con gim cng sut pht. WiMAX nh l mt mng truy nhp MAN v tuyn, n s dng nhiu cng ngh tin tin thch ng vi cc iu kin truyn dn khng c tm nhn thng NLOS (None Line Of Sight) v tm nhn b che khut OLOS (Obstruct Line Of Sight). WiMAX c th l im kt ni trung chuyn cho cc Hot spot trong WLAN v Internet; v n cng c th l mt gii php m rng cho cc mng PSTN (E1, T1), xDSL hay Cable Modem. N c th l s thay th cho cc mng truy nhp bng rng khng dy. Trong ng cnh ny, WiMAX gii quyt cc vn cung on truy nhp cui cng LMA (Last Mile Access). B. WLAN WLAN l mt cng ngh truy nhp khng dy cc b ph bin nht hin nay ang c ng dng cho truy nhp Internet. Hin ti vi cc chun 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11i, 802.11g ch ra r cc th tc lm vic lp MAC (Medium Access Control) v lp vt l. Giao thc ang c s dng trong lp MAC ca WLAN l CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Avoidance). CSMA/CA rt thch hp cho cc dch v nh dch v gi, n c th cho php truyn d liu vi tc ln v thi gian p ng ngn. Cc thng s k thut ca cc chun 802.11 cho lp vt l c miu t nh trong Bng 1. Bng 1- Mt s chun ca WLAN Chun 802.11 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g C. 3G c im chnh ca cng ngh 3G l kh nng cung cp cc dch v multimedia di ng. N h tr tc truyn d liu ln nht l 144 kbps trong mi trng c tnh di ng cao v Tn s s dng 2.4GHz 5GHz 2.4GHz 2.4GHz Tc 2Mbps 54Mbps 11Mbps 54Mbps Kiu iu ch FHSS OFDM DSSS DSSS-OFDM Bn knh 100m 80m 100m 100m

384kbps trong mi trng c tnh di ng thp v ln ti 2Mbps trong mi trng tnh. C 3 loi cng ngh p dng cho 3G ph bin hin nay: UMTS (WCDMA), CDMA2000 v TD-SCDMA. III. V S PHT TRIN A. WiMAX: 802.16e cho WiMAX c xy dng v pht hnh vo cui nm 2005. N c th h tr cc dch v di ng v c th cung cp vng ph sng rt ln qua nhiu trm gc nh mng GSM. Khi 802.16e c thng mi ha, WiMAX tr thnh mt cng ngh nhiu ha hn cho vic m rng chc nng ca n t FWA n MWA (Mobile Wideband Access). n nay c hn 140 t chc thnh vin tham gia vo WiMAX forum, bao gm c cc nh sn xut CMOS, cc nh sn xut thit b v khai thc vin thng, nh Alcatel, Nortel, Motorola, Huawei Thm vo cc nh cung cp dch v, WiMAX forum c s thnh vin ln ti trn 150. iu cho thy WiMAX v ang tr thnh mt cng ngh c rt nhiu nh nghin cu, nhiu cng ty quan tm. B. WLAN Cc cng ngh WLAN ang tip tc c nghin cu v pht trin nhm an ton hn, bng thng ln hn v cc giao thc thi gian thc h tr tnh thi gian thc tt hn. 802.11n c hnh thnh bi IEEE, n hng ti mt chun hon ton mi v c th h tr cung cp tc truyn d liu ln ti 100 Mbps cho WLAN m khng gp vn tng thch no vi cc cng ngh hin ti. Pht hnh bo mt 802.11x cho WLAN c thng qua, nhng tnh an ton ca n vn cn l mt du hi ln. V vn tn ti nhc im m lm cn tr s pht trin cc ng dng ca WLAN. Hin nay, IEEE a ra chun 802.11i ci tin cc vn v an ninh, bo mt cho 802.11x, nhng n vn cn thi gian c th tr nn hon thin trc khi c ng dng cho cc sn phm thng mi. Hin ti, cc nh khai thc v cc mng khng dy ang ch ch tm nhiu vo cc mng di ng nh nng cp GSM, hay pht trin 3G v v th tng lai cho WLAN ang khng thc s r rng. Ngoi ra, WLAN ang i mt vi s ra i ca WiMAX c cng c im v truy nhp v tuyn tc cao, nhng h tr tnh di ng u cui v c bn knh vng ph sng l rng hn. i vi cc nh khai thc mng, cc ng dng vi tnh a dng v dch v v cht lng cao ang l xu hng trong qu trnh pht trin ca h, iu phn no to ra cc yu t thun li cho thng mi ha WLAN. Hn na, cc nh khai thc trong nc hin nay ang ln k hoch cung cp cc dch v truyn s liu khng dy tng bc, WLAN vi u im tc rt ph hp cho nhng ng dng . C. 3G 3G (Third Generation) l cng ngh cho php cc nh khai thc di ng cung cp cc dch v a dng vi tc truyn d liu cao. 3G c trin khai v pht trin ti nhiu nc trn th gii v ang l cng ngh chim th phn ln trong lnh vc thng tin di ng ti nhiu quc gia. Nhng kinh nghim trong thng mi ha, trin khai v khai thc mng 3G ca cc nh khai thc Nht Bn v Hn Quc - l nhng ngi m ng cho 3G trn th gii- thc s c ch cho cc nh khai thc thng tin di dng ca Vit Nam ang hng ti vic trin khai v hon thin mng di ng 3G.

IV. S CNH TRANH V PHI HP WLAN l mt mng truy nhp cc b khng dy vi vic truyn tn hiu trong phm vi bn knh ch vi trm mt. Mc ch ca WLAN l gip cc thit b cm tay nh in thoi, my tnh xch tay, thit b PDA c th truy nhp Internet trong phm vi mt cng ty, hay mt ta nh d dng. 3G l mt mng din rng, c th bao ph c mt vng rng ln vi cc tnh nng y ca mng di ng t bo, nh thoi, nhn tin, dch v truyn s liu di dng v n tng thch vi mng vin thng c nh. N cung cp kh nng di ng cao cho cc thit b u cui ca khch hng v c th ni mng 3G c kh nng cung cp mi lc, mi ni.

Hnh 1: Cc cng ngh khng dy WiMAX l mt cng ngh truy nhp th, n khng ch cung cp gii php truy nhp khng dy m cn c th dng nh mt phn m rng cho mng truy nhp hu tuyn hin nay. Nh c im ny m mng truy nhp cho nhng khu vc xa hay khu vc nng thn c thc hin v trin khai d dng hn. Chnh ph v cc cng ty c th t c vic truy nhp di ng ti Internet nh vic thc hin trin khai cc trm gc WiMAX. Sau bc u th nghim thnh cng ti Lo Cai, ba i tc l Tp on Intel, C quan pht trin quc t M (USAID) v VDC (VNPT) phi hp trin khai th nghim a dch v cng ngh Wimax ti x T Van, huyn Sapa, tnh Lo Cai. Kt qu thu c cho thy WiMAX l mt cng ngh hon ton c th a vo trin khai cung cp v khai thc dch v mt cch rng ri v hon ton ph hp cho pht trin phn mng truy nhp trong tng lai gn. Hnh 1 ch ra bn knh vng ph sng v c im v tc ca cc cng ngh khng dy. A. T gc nhn v cnh tranh gia cc cng ngh: WLAN v 3G: WLAN c th cung cp cc dch v gi v tuyn bng thng rng v n c s dng ch yu cho cc kt ni mi trng trong nh (indoor) hay cho im nng (hotspot). S tin ha ca WLAN c th s hng ti cc gii php cho VoIP. Ging nh 3G, phn ln cc dch v gi ca n c ng dng cho mi trng c tnh di ng thp indoor, trong khi vi cc mi trng c tnh di ng cao th dch v cung cp khi ch yu ch l thoi. V th vn cn s cnh tranh v cc dch v gi gia WLAN v 3G trong mi trng indoor.

WiMAX v 3G: WiMAX hng ti vic cung cp vng ph sng cho mng MAN v tuyn, v th i th cnh tranh chnh ca n l mng MAN s dng cp quang. Tuy nhin, vi chun 802.16e cho WiMAX h tr tnh di ng tt, nh khai thc vin thng c th hng ti vic s dng WiMAX cu trc nn mt mng di ng mi cnh tranh vi cc mng 3G hin nay. Chnh iu ny l mi e da cho cc mng 3G trong tng lai. WLAN v WiMAX: c WLAN v WiMAX u c u im trong vic cung cp cc dch v gi tc cao. Tuy nhin v vng ph ca chng l khc nhau, v th lun tn ti s cnh tranh gia hai cng ngh ny. B. T gc nhn v s hp tc: WLAN v 3G: WLAN l mt cng ngh rt tt cung cp cc dch v khng dy indoor, nhng vng ph ca n l c gii hn v khng th h tr tnh di ng v dch v thoi. 3G c th cung cp cc dch v thoi khng dy v dch v gi khng dy vi vng ph tt hn nhiu v h tr di ng u cui tt hn nhiu so vi WLAN. Tuy nhin, tc truyn d liu thp l mt im yu ca cc mng 3G hin nay. Vi vic xem xt v m rng 3G trong tng lai, th WLAN c th l mt phng thc truy nhp h tr b sung v n phc v cung on truy nhp indoor h tr truy nhp cho mng 3G trong cc ta nh, ng hm tt hn vi tc d liu cao hn. WiMAX v 3G: WiMAX rt ni ting vi vic truyn thng vi khong cch xa v dung lng ln. V th n c th s dng h tr cho mng MAN hu tuyn nhng khu vc m cp quang khng th ko n hoc kh khn trong vic trin khai cp quang. 3G chp nhn k hoch kt ni gia cp quang v truy nhp khng dy. i vi nhng vng m khng c cp quang hay khng c nhu cu cc trm gc, WiMAX thc s ph hp cung cp vic kt ni cho cc trm gc 3G. WLAN v WiMAX: c WLAN v WiMAX u rt ph hp trong vic cung cp cc dch v gi v tuyn tc cao. Tuy nhin, vng ph ca chng l khc nhau. iu ny cho php s phi hp gia hai cng ngh v tuyn ny. WLAN c dng cung on cui ca phn mng truy nhp v WiMAX c dng cho nhng cung on truy nhp xa hn. KT LUN WiMAX, WLAN v 3G, c 3 cng ngh ny s cng chia s th trng v chia s nhim v truy nhp v tuyn trong tng lai gn. Trong cc cng ngh , da trn lng tin m cc nh khai thc vin thng v cc nh cung cp thit b vin thng u t cho 3G, c th ni 3G ang l cng ngh ch lc. Mt khc, 3G c trin khai thnh cng nhiu quc gia tin tin, iu cng cho thy sc mnh ca cng ngh 3G hin nay. Tr thnh mt cng ngh h tr cho 3G, WLAN s gip cho vic truy nhp 3G tr nn hiu qu hn, n cung cp gii php truy nhp gi bng rng cho c khu vc indoor v hot-spot. WiMAX l mt cng ngh truy nhp khng dy mi dnh cho mng th vi nhiu u im, l tnh mm do, hiu qu cao, gi thnh thp v tc cao N c th h tr, kt hp cng 3G trong trin khai cho cc khu vc rng cng nh kt hp vi cng ngh ng dy thu bao s xDSL nng cao hiu qu cho mng truy nhp hin nay. Vi WiMAX, l mt cng ngh ra i sau, tuy nhin n ang thu ht c s quan tm nhiu nht ca cc nh cung cp thit b cng nh cc nh khai thc vin thng. D bo, trong nm nay 2008, WiMAX s c trin khai rng ri nhiu quc gia trn th gii. WiMAX s pht trin

v c th l cng ngh c la chn cho cc mng v tuyn trong tng lai v n cng hon ton c th cnh tranh hiu qu vi cng ngh 3G. Vi ba cng ngh ny, c c s h tr v cnh tranh trong s pht trin v chim th trng ca chng. Tuy nhin, c th ni rng c ba cng ngh lun c s h tr v b sung cho nhau trong s pht trin ca chng to nn mt mng vin thng khng dy hon chnh hn, hiu qu hn gip cho chng ta c c mt mng di ng hon chnh hn, tc cao hn v cht lng hn trong tng lai. Ti liu tham kho: [1] [2] [3] [4] Cc chun IEEE 802.11 cho WLAN, IEEE. Cc chun IEEE 802.16 cho WiMAX, IEEE. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Thng tin di ng 3G, Hc vin Cng ngh BCVT, NXB Bu in. WiMAX forum: http://www.wimaxforum.org

(TCBCVT)