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EFFECTVE USE OF AUDIOVISUAL TEACHING AIDS

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“A person, who succeeds in the right way,
is the one who inspires others to succeed.
He appreciates others' problems too and
tells them how to solve them. We should
remember that our children, the future
generation, start from only where we end”.

- Anonymous
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EFFECTVE USE OF AUDIOVISUAL TEACHING AIDS

13.1. Planning, Preparing and Using Audiovisual


Teaching Aids
Why Audiovisual Aids?
I hear, I forget
I see, I remember
I do, I understand
• Visual perception contributes to about 90% to all
human learning.
• Maximum attention span of an adult learner is 20 min
To sustain attention and interest various stimuli are
necessary
• Audio Visuals will lead to more no. of senses used
by learner.
Example: Telling and showing. It is more effective than
only telling or only showing 3
13.2. Guidelines for Designing Audiovisuals

• Use simplified drawings


• Visual should be made to scale
• Use colours and dramatic pictures with humour
• Information given should match the pace of learning
• Use titles and questions liberally;
• Make selective use of audio effects
• Text on computer screen should be legible from a distance of
a two meters
• Use bold face type letters
• Design learner friendly interactive multimedia systems

Details regarding chalk board, the most regularly used non-


projected aid and over head projector, the most frequently
employed projected aid are discussed below:
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13.3. Objectives of using Audiovisual Aids

• to increase the effectiveness of the teaching


• to hold the attention span of the learner for the duration of
instruction
• to save time
• to use all the relevant information available from different
sources
• to make learning experiences last longer

13.4. How to go about using Audiovisual Aids

In order to employ the audiovisual aids user


should be aware of
• different audio, visual and audio-visual teaching aids
• criteria of selection of the aids
• methods of preparing aids
• using suitable aid at appropriate time.
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TYPES OF AUDIOVISUAL TEACHING AIDS

One of the methods of classification of the available aids is


based on projection and use of electronics gadgets.

AV AIDS

NON PROJECTED PROJECTED ELECTRONIC

Books OHP Video


Journals Slides CCTV
Instructional manuals Film Strips Computers
Hand outs Films etc. Internet
Programmed texts Audio
Chalk and other boards Radio etc.
Charts
Cut-outs 6
Models etc.
13.5. Over Head Projector

Suggestions for the better overhead projection

a) One idea-one transparency


b) Project variety: Use Graphics, diagrams, key
words and Cartoons etc.
c) Avoid all-capitals in running matter
d) Employ masking techniques
e) Use overlay technique
f) Employ cut-outs to build visuals in stages
g) Use colors selectively to mimic real ones
h) Use pointer to focus the attention on a given point
i) Make it interactive by writing in real time
j) Write legibly with minimum letter size of 6 mm 7
13.5.1. Some Do's and Don'ts for OHP:

• Position the OHP before a presentation

• Check for clear visibility 'I.

• Switch off when projected image is not


referred

• Keep a spare lamp

• Don't put off fan switch till light source cools


down

• Don't move OHP while the lamp is still hot

• Don't interrupt the beam of light

• Don't use sticks as screen pointers

• Don't consider it as a substitute for chalk


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board but complimentary to it
13.6 Some thoughts on Methodology to be
followed in Instruction with OHP / Power
Point Presentation.

• 90% of information going to brain is through


eye
• 8% of information going to brain is through ears
• 2% of information going to brain is through
other senses
• Once writing is equal to ten times reading
• Project the transparency – Student sees
• Explain the transparency – Student hears and
understands
• Ask the students to write the notes
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Attention Span
Absorption of
material taught
increases, reaches
a maximum and
then reduces with
the duration of
lecture

Time, t (minutes)
Use various stimuli for maintaining interest and
improve retention in memory

B-Use of Audiovisual Aids and Interactive mode

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By Using Audio Visuals
& interaction

Without AV
Aids but
without
interaction

Inferences:
• Interaction and aids help better learning and
better memory recall
• Only Audio visuals without interaction is less
effective without interaction and without aids
least effective in learning and recall.
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13.7. Advantages of OHP over other aids:

1) Simplest and cheapest of all projected aids


2) Can be used in normal classroom light
3) Transparencies can be hand-made or machine made in
advance
4) Eye contact is maintained
5) Learning is easier and faster
6) Can be used in variety of ways, i.e., progress of a
process etc.,(colors, overlaying, sequencing,
movements of objects)
7) Transparencies are re-usable when made from
washable colors
8) Less strenuous and less pollutant than chalk board
usage
9) Can be interactive if blanks are left 12
13.8 Limitations of OHP

• Dependence on power

• Mostly one-way nature of communication

• Straining the eye of the learners

• Tendency to proceed faster

• Motion can't be shown as easily as on film

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13.9. Chalk-board
13.9.1.Some suggestions for better chalk-board
usage

• Clean it completely before starting. Avoid glare


• Have a pre-decided plan. Visualize partitions
• Don't speak to the chalk board
• Stand clear of the written word
• Don't scratch a word here
• Don't crowd the board with too much matter
• Plan your-erasing sequence
• Avoid speaking while writing
• Use colored chalks to highlight or differentiate
• Draw arcs by using body joints

Height of the letters to be written on the chalk board is


determined by the formula
(h) = ½ X Depth of the room/100
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13.9.2. Some advantages of Chalk boards:

• Noiseless
• No power dependence
• Cheap
• Can be used any where
• Can be used in broad daylight
• No maintenance costs
• Can be used on the spot - build your visual as
per requirement
• Can be used at your pace, allows note-taking.
Student can be called to write on it
• Mistakes can be corrected instantly
• Cut-outs can be placed and charts can be hung.
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