Chapter 5 The Laws of Motion

Multiple Choice
1. Inthefigure,ifthetensioninstring1is34Nandthetensioninstring2is24N, whatisthemassoftheobjectshown?

a. b. c. d. e. 2.

7.3kg 5.5kg 1.8kg 3.7kg 4.5kg

IfM=2.0kg,whatisthetensioninstring1?

a. b. c. d. e.

1.2N 11N 34N 3.5N 40N

65

66CHAPTER 5

3.

IfM=6.0kg,whatisthetensioninstring1?

a. b. c. d. e. 4.

39N 34N 29N 44N 51N

IfM=1.1kg,whatisthetensioninstring1?

a. b. c. d. e.

54N 47N 40N 62N 57N

The Laws of Motion67

5.

Anobjectofunknownweightissuspendedasshown.Thetensioninrope1is 25lb,andthetensioninrope2is31lb.Whatistheweightofthesuspended object?

a. b. c. d. e. 6.

36lb 33lb 41lb 39lb 56lb

If=40,=60,andM=4.0kg,determinethetensioninstring1.

a. b. c. d. e.

15N 22N 17N 20N 36N

68CHAPTER 5

7.

If=40andthetensioninstring2is30N,determineM.

a. b. c. d. e. 8.

3.4kg 3.6kg 2.6kg 4.9kg 7.5kg

Twoforcesaretheonlyforcesactingona3.0kgobjectwhichmoveswithan accelerationof3.0m/s inthepositiveydirection.Ifoneoftheforcesactsinthe positivexdirectionandhasamagnitudeof8.0N,whatisthemagnitudeofthe otherforce? a. b. c. d. e. 12N 14N 16N 18N 22N
2

9.

Thehorizontalsurfaceonwhichtheblockslidesisfrictionless.IfF=20NandM =5.0kg,whatisthemagnitudeoftheresultingaccelerationoftheblock?

a. b. c. d. e.

5.3m/s 6.2m/s 7.5m/s 4.7m/s 3.2m/s

2 2 2 2 2

The Laws of Motion69

10.

Theonlytwoforcesactingonabodyhavemagnitudesof20Nand35Nand directionsthatdifferby80.Theresultingaccelerationhasamagnitudeof 20m/s .Whatisthemassofthebody? a. b. c. d. e. 2.4kg 2.2kg 2.7kg 3.1kg 1.5kg

2

11.

Iftheonlyforcesactingona2.0kgmassareF1=(3i8j)NandF2=(5i+3j)N, whatisthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationoftheparticle? a. b. c. d. e. 1.5m/s 6.5m/s 4.7m/s 9.4m/s 7.2m/s

2 2 2 2 2

12.

Ataninstantwhena4.0kgobjecthasanaccelerationequalto(5i+3j)m/s ,one ofthetwoforcesactingontheobjectisknowntobe(12i+22j)N.Determinethe magnitudeoftheotherforceactingontheobject. a. b. c. d. e. 2.0N 13N 18N 1.7N 20N

70CHAPTER 5

13.

IfF=4.0Nandm=2.0kg,whatisthemagnitudeaoftheaccelerationforthe blockshownbelow?Thesurfaceisfrictionless.

a. b. c. d. e. 14.

5.3m/s 4.4m/s 3.5m/s 6.2m/s 8.4m/s

2 2 2 2 2

Ablockispushedupafrictionless30inclinebyanappliedforceasshown.IfF= 25NandM=3.0kg,whatisthemagnitudeoftheresultingaccelerationofthe block?

a. b. c. d. e. 15.

2.3m/s 4.6m/s 3.5m/s 2.9m/s 5.1m/s

2 2 2 2 2

A5.0kgobjectissuspendedbyastringfromtheceilingofanelevatorthatis acceleratingdownwardatarateof2.6m/s .Whatisthetensioninthestring? a. b. c. d. e. 49N 36N 62N 13N 52N

2

The Laws of Motion71

16.

Thetensioninastringfromwhicha4.0kgobjectissuspendedinanelevatoris equalto44N.Whatistheaccelerationoftheelevator? a. b. c. d. e. 11m/s upward 1.2m/s upward 1.2m/s downward 10m/s upward 2.4m/s downward
2 2 2 2 2

17.

A5.0kgmassisattachedtotheceilingofanelevatorbyaropewhosemassis negligible.Whatforcedoesthemassexertontheropewhentheelevatorhasan accelerationof4.0m/s upward? a. b. c. d. e. 69Ndownward 29Ndownward 49Ndownward 20Ndownward 19Ndownward

2

18.

A5.0kgmassissuspendedbyastringfromtheceilingofanelevatorthatis movingupwardwithaspeedwhichisdecreasingataconstantrateof2.0m/sin eachsecond.Whatisthetensioninthestringsupportingthemass? a. b. c. d. e. 49N 39N 59N 10N 42N

19.

Apersonweighing0.70kNridesinanelevatorthathasanupwardacceleration of1.5m/s .Whatisthemagnitudeoftheforceoftheelevatorflooronthe person? a. b. c. d. e. 0.11kN 0.81kN 0.70kN 0.59kN 0.64kN

2

72CHAPTER 5

20.

A3.0kgblockslidesonafrictionless20inclinedplane.Aforceof16Nacting paralleltotheinclineanduptheinclineisappliedtotheblock.Whatisthe accelerationoftheblock? a. b. c. d. e. 2.0m/s downtheincline 5.3m/s uptheincline 2.0m/s uptheincline 3.9m/s downtheincline 3.9m/s uptheincline
2 2 2 2 2

21.

A2.0kgblockslidesonafrictionless25inclinedplane.Aforceof4.6Nacting paralleltotheinclineanduptheinclineisappliedtotheblock.Whatisthe accelerationoftheblock? a. b. c. d. e. 1.8m/s uptheincline 2.3m/s uptheincline 6.6m/s downtheincline 1.8m/s downtheincline 2.3m/s downtheincline
2 2 2 2 2

22.

A2.0kgblockslidesonafrictionless15inclinedplane.Aforceactingparallelto theinclineisappliedtotheblock.Theaccelerationoftheblockis1.5m/s down theincline.Whatistheappliedforce? a. b. c. d. e. 8.1Ndowntheincline 3.0Ndowntheincline 2.1Nuptheincline 3.0Nuptheincline 8.1Nuptheincline

2

23.

A1.5kgobjecthasavelocityof5jm/satt=0.Itisacceleratedataconstantrate forfivesecondsafterwhichithasavelocityof(6i+12j)m/s.Whatisthe magnitudeoftheresultantforceactingontheobjectduringthistimeinterval? a. b. c. d. e. 3.8N 3.2N 2.8N 4.3N 4.6N

The Laws of Motion73

24.

A1.5kgobjecthasavelocityof5jm/satt=0.Itisacceleratedataconstantrate forfivesecondsafterwhichithasavelocityof(6i+12j)m/s.Whatisthe directionoftheresultantforceactingontheobjectduringthistimeinterval? a. b. c. d. e. 65 56 61 49 27

25.

A2.0kgobjecthasavelocityof4.0im/satt=0.Aconstantresultantforceof (2.0i+4.0j)Nthenactsontheobjectfor3.0s.Whatisthemagnitudeofthe objectsvelocityattheendofthe3.0sinterval? a. b. c. d. e. 9.2m/s 6.3m/s 8.2m/s 7.2m/s 7.7m/s

2

26.

A1.5kgmasshasanaccelerationof(4.0i3.0j)m/s .Onlytwoforcesactonthe mass.Ifoneoftheforcesis(2.0i1.4j)N,whatisthemagnitudeoftheother force? a. b. c. d. e. 4.1N 6.1N 5.1N 7.1N 2.4N

27.

Onlytwoforcesactona3.0kgmass.Oneoftheforcesis9.0Neast,andthe otheris8.0Ninthedirectionof62northofwest.Whatisthemagnitudeofthe accelerationofthemass? a. b. c. d. e. 2.0m/s 2.4m/s 3.3m/s 2.9m/s 5.7m/s

2 2 2 2 2

74CHAPTER 5

28.

Abookisplacedonachair.Thenavideocassetteisplacedonthebook.Thefloor exertsanormalforce a. b. c. d. e. onallthree. onlyonthebook. onlyonthechair. upwardsonthechairanddownwardsonthebook. onlyontheobjectsthatyouhavedefinedtobepartofthesystem.

29.

Theapparentweightofafishinanelevatorisgreatestwhentheelevator a. b. c. d. e. movesdownwardatconstantvelocity. movesupwardatconstantvelocity. acceleratesdownward. acceleratesupward. isnotmoving.

30.

Thevectorsumofthreecoplanarforces a. b. c. d. e. mustbezero. mustbeperpendiculartooneofthethree. mustbeparalleltooneofthethree. mustbeperpendiculartotheplane. mayhaveanydirectionintheplane.

31.

Whenthevectorsumofthreecoplanarforces,A,BandC,isparalleltoA,we canconcludethatBandC a. b. c. d. e. mustsumtozero. mustbeequalandopposite. musthaveequalandoppositecomponentsperpendiculartoA. musthaveequalandoppositecomponentsparalleltoA. musthaveequalandoppositecomponentsparallelandperpendiculartoA.

32.

Aconstantforceisappliedtoabodythatisalreadymoving.Theforceisdirected atanangleof60degreestothedirectionofthebodysvelocity.Whatismost likelytohappenisthat a. b. c. d. e. thebodywillstopmoving. thebodywillmoveinthedirectionoftheforce. thebodysvelocitywillincreaseinmagnitudebutnotchangedirection. thebodywillgraduallychangedirectionmoreandmoretowardthatofthe forcewhilespeedingup. thebodywillfirststopmovingandthenmoveinthedirectionoftheforce.

The Laws of Motion75

33.

Ajugglerthrowstwoballsuptothesameheightsothattheypasseachother halfwayupwhenAisrisingandBisdescending.Ignoreairresistanceand buoyantforces.Whichstatementistrueofthetwoballsatthatpoint? a. b. c. d. e. Thereisanresidualupwardforcefromthehandoneachball. ThereisagreaterresidualforcefromthehandonAthanthereisonB. OnlygravityactsonBbutthereisanadditionalresidualforcefromthe handonA. Thereisanadditionaldownwardsforcebesidesgravityoneachball. Theonlyforceactingoneachballisthegravitationalforce.

34.

Abumpercarismovingatconstantvelocitywhenanotherbumpercarstartsto pushonitwithaconstantforceatanangleof60degreeswithrespecttothefirst carsinitialvelocity.Thesecondbumpercarcontinuespushinginexactlythat directionforsometime.Whatismostlikelytohappenisthat a. b. c. d. e. thefirstcarwillstopmoving. thefirstcarwillmoveinthedirectionoftheforce. thefirstcarsvelocitywillincreaseinmagnitudebutnotchangedirection. thefirstcarsvelocitywillgraduallychangedirectionmoreandmore towardthatoftheforcewhileincreasinginmagnitude. thefirstcarsvelocitywillgraduallychangedirectionmoreandmore towardthatoftheforcewhiledecreasinginmagnitude.

35.

Youhaveamachinewhichcanacceleratepucksonfrictionlessice.Startingfrom rest,thepucktravelsadistancexintimetwhenforceFisapplied.Ifforce3Fis applied,thedistancethepucktravelsintimetis a. b. c. d. e. x. ( 3 2) x . 3x. ( 9 2) x . 9x.

76CHAPTER 5

36.

AconstantforceFisappliedtoabodyofmassmthatinitiallyisheadedeastat velocityv0untilitsvelocitybecomesv0.Thetotaltimeoftravelis2t.Thetotal distancethebodytravelsinthattimeis a. b. c. d. e. 1 F 2 t . 2 m F 2 t . m 1 F 2 v0 t t . 2m 1 F 2 v0 t + t . 2m 1 F 2 2 v0 t + t . 2m

37.

Thefirstoftwoidenticalboxesofmassmissittingonlevelground.Thesecond boxissittingonarampthatmakesa20anglewiththeground.Thenormal forceofthelevelgroundonthefirstboxis N L ;thenormalforceoftherampon thesecondboxis N R .Whichstatementiscorrect? a. b. c. d. e. N R = N L = mg . N L = mg ; N R = mg sin 20 . N L = mg ; N R = mg cos 20 . N L = mg ; N R = mg cos 20 . N R = N L = mg .

38.

Thefirstoftwoidenticalboxesofmassmissittingonlevelground.Thesecond boxissittingonarampthatmakesananglewiththeground.Whenaforceof magnitudeFisappliedtoeachboxinadirectionparalleltothesurfaceitison, upwardsontheboxontheramp,neitherboxmoves.Whichstatement comparingthefrictionforceontheboxonthelevel, f L ,tothefrictionforceon theboxontheramp, f R ,iscorrect? a. b. c. d. e. fR = fL . fR > fL . fR < fL . Thecoefficientofstaticfrictionisneededtodeterminethecorrectanswer. Theanglebetweentherampandthegroundisneededtodeterminethe correctanswer.

The Laws of Motion77

39.

Thetotalforceneededtodragaboxatconstantspeedacrossasurfacewith coefficientofkineticfriction k isleastwhentheforceisappliedatanangle suchthat a. b. c. d. e. sin = k . cos = k . tan = k . cot = k . sec = k .

40.

Aheavyweightissupportedbytwocablesthatexerttensionsofmagnitude T1 and T2 .Whichstatementiscorrect?

a. b. c. d. e. 41.

T1 = T2 . T1y = T2 y . T1 > T2 . T1 < T2 .

Weneedthemassoftheboxinordertodeterminethecorrectanswer.

Twopeople,eachof70kgmass,areridinginanelevator.Oneisstandingonthe floor.Theotherishangingonaropesuspendedfromtheceiling.Comparethe force FF thefloorexertsonthefirstpersontotheforce FR theropeexertsonthe secondperson.Whichstatementiscorrect? a. b. c. d. e. Theyareequalandoppositeindirection. Theareequalandhavethesamedirection. FR isgreaterthan FF ,buttheyhavethesamedirection. FR isgreaterthan FF ,buttheyhaveoppositedirections. FR islessthan FF ,buttheyhavethesamedirection.

78CHAPTER 5

42.

Twopeople,eachof70kgmass,areridinginanelevator.Oneisstandingonthe floor.Theotherishangingonaropesuspendedfromtheceiling.Comparethe acceleration a F ofthefirstpersontotheacceleration a R ofthesecondperson. Whichstatementiscorrect? a. b. c. d. e. Theyareequalandoppositeindirection. Theareequalandhavethesamedirection. Theacceleration a R isgreaterthan a F ,buttheyhavethesamedirection. Theacceleration a R isgreaterthan a F ,buttheyhaveoppositedirections. Theacceleration a R islessthan a F ,buttheyhavethesamedirection.

43.

Thehorizontalsurfaceonwhichtheobjectsslideisfrictionless.IfM=2.0kg,the tensioninstring1is12N.DetermineF.

a. b. c. d. e. 44.

25N 20N 30N 35N 40N

Thehorizontalsurfaceonwhichtheobjectsslideisfrictionless.IfF=12N,what isthetensioninstring1?

a. b. c. d. e.

35N 30N 40N 45N 25N

The Laws of Motion79

45.

Thesurfaceoftheinclinedplaneshownisfrictionless.IfF=30N,whatisthe magnitudeoftheforceexertedonthe3.0kgblockbythe2.0kgblock?

a. b. c. d. e. 46.

18N 27N 24N 21N 15N

IfP=6.0N,whatisthemagnitudeoftheforceexertedonblock1byblock2?

a. b. c. d. e. 47.

6.4N 5.6N 4.8N 7.2N 8.4N

IfF=5.0N,whatisthemagnitudeoftheforceexertedbyblock2onblock1?

a. b. c. d. e.

17N 19N 21N 23N 5.0N

80CHAPTER 5

48.

Anastronautwhoweighs800Nonthesurfaceoftheearthliftsofffromplanet Zutoninaspaceship.ThefreefallaccelerationonZutonis3.0m/s (down).At themomentofliftofftheaccelerationofthespaceshipis0.50m/s (up).Whatis themagnitudeoftheforceofthespaceshipontheastronaut? a. b. c. d. e. 41N 0.29kN 0.24kN 0.20kN 0.37kN
2 2

49.

Thehorizontalsurfaceonwhichtheobjectsslideisfrictionless.IfM=1.0kgand themagnitudeoftheforceofthesmallblockonthelargeblockis5.2N, determineF.

a. b. c. d. e. 50.

6.0N 9.0N 7.8N 4.8N 4.1N

Thehorizontalsurfaceonwhichtheobjectsslideisfrictionless.IfF=6.0Nand M=1.0kg,whatisthemagnitudeoftheforceexertedonthelargeblockbythe smallblock?

a. b. c. d. e.

7.7N 9.8N 9.1N 8.4N 6.5N

The Laws of Motion81

51.

A6.0kgobjectissuspendedbyaverticalstringfromtheceilingofanelevator whichisacceleratingupwardatarateof1.8m/s .Determinethetensioninthe string. a. b. c. d. e. 11N 70N 48N 59N 62N

2

52.

An8.0kgobjectrestsonthefloorofanelevatorwhichisacceleratingdownward atarateof1.3m/s .Whatisthemagnitudeoftheforcetheobjectexertsonthe flooroftheelevator? a. b. c. d. e. 59N 10N 89N 68N 78N

2

53.

A70kgstuntartistridesinarocketsledwhichslidesalongaflatinclined surface.Ataninstantwhenthesledsaccelerationhasahorizontalcomponentof 6.0m/s andadownwardcomponentof2.8m/s ,whatisthemagnitudeofthe forceontheriderbythesled? a. b. c. d. e. 0.83kN 0.98kN 0.65kN 0.68kN 0.72kN
2 2

82CHAPTER 5

54.

IfF=40NandM=1.5kg,whatisthetensioninthestringconnectingMand 2M?Assumethatallsurfacesarefrictionless.

a. b. c. d. e. 55.

13N 23N 36N 15N 28N

Thesystemshownisreleasedfromrestandmoves50cmin1.0s.Whatisthe valueofM?Allsurfacesarefrictionless.

a. b. c. d. e.

0.42kg 0.34kg 0.50kg 0.59kg 0.68kg

The Laws of Motion83

56.

IfF=40NandM=2.0kg,whatisthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationofthe suspendedobject?Allsurfacesarefrictionless.

a. b. c. d. e. 57.

1.2m/s 2.0m/s 1.5m/s 2.5m/s 5.6m/s

2 2 2 2 2

IfM=2.2kg,whatisthetensionintheconnectingstring?Thepulleyandall surfacesarefrictionless.

a. b. c. d. e.

6.4N 5.9N 5.4N 6.9N 8.3N

84CHAPTER 5

58.

A5.0kgmasssitsonthefloorofanelevatorthathasadownwardaccelerationof 1.0m/s .Ontopofthe5.0kgmassisanobjectofunknownmass.Theforceof theelevatoronthe5.0kgmassis80Nup.Determinetheunknownmass. a. b. c. d. e. 3.3kg 2.4kg 1.6kg 4.1kg 5.0kg

2 2

59.

Ifthetension,T,is15Nandthemagnitudeoftheacceleration,a,is3.0m/s , whatisthemass,m,ofthesuspendedobject?Assumethatallsurfacesandthe pulleyarefrictionless?

a. b. c. d. e. 60.

3.1kg 2.5kg 2.8kg 2.2kg 3.7kg

IfF=8.0NandM=1.0kg,whatisthetensionintheconnectingstring?The pulleyandallsurfacesarefrictionless.

a. b. c. d. e.

4.1N 3.5N 3.8N 3.1N 4.8N

The Laws of Motion85

61.

Inthefigure,ifF=2.0NandM=1.0kg,whatisthetensionintheconnecting string?Thepulleyandallsurfacesarefrictionless.

a. b. c. d. e. 62.

2.6N 1.1N 2.1N 1.6N 3.7N

A4.0kgblockslidesdowna35inclineataconstantspeedwhena16Nforceis appliedactingupandparalleltotheincline.Whatisthecoefficientofkinetic frictionbetweentheblockandthesurfaceoftheincline? a. b. c. d. e. 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.33 0.41

63.

Ablockispushedacrossahorizontalsurfacebytheforceshown.Ifthe coefficientofkineticfrictionbetweentheblockandthesurfaceis0.30,F=20N, =30,andM=3.0kg,whatisthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationoftheblock?

a. b. c. d. e.

2.8m/s 2.3m/s 1.8m/s 3.3m/s 5.4m/s

2 2 2 2 2

86CHAPTER 5

64.

A3.0kgblockmovesupa40inclinewithconstantspeedundertheactionofa 26Nforceactingupandparalleltotheincline.Whatmagnitudeforcemustact upandparalleltotheinclinefortheblocktomovedowntheinclineatconstant velocity? a. b. c. d. e. 14N 12N 16N 18N 25N

65.

Theblockshownispulledacrossthehorizontalsurfaceataconstantspeedby theforceshown.IfM=5.0kg,F=14Nand =35,whatisthecoefficientof kineticfrictionbetweentheblockandthehorizontalsurface?

a. b. c. d. e. 66.

0.44 0.33 0.38 0.28 0.17

Aboxrestsonthe(horizontal)backofatruck.Thecoefficientofstaticfriction betweentheboxandthesurfaceonwhichitrestsis0.24.Whatmaximum distancecanthetrucktravel(startingfromrestandmovinghorizontallywith constantacceleration)in3.0swithouthavingtheboxslide? a. b. c. d. e. 14m 11m 19m 24m 29m

The Laws of Motion87

67.

Inagameofshuffleboard(playedonahorizontalsurface),apuckisgivenan initialspeedof6.0m/s.Itslidesadistanceof9.0mbeforecomingtorest.What isthecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweenthepuckandthesurface? a. b. c. d. e. 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.27

68.

A2.0kgblockslidesonaroughhorizontalsurface.Aforce(magnitude P=4.0N)actingparalleltothesurfaceisappliedtotheblock.Themagnitudeof theblocksaccelerationis1.2m/s .IfPisincreasedto5.0N,determinethe magnitudeoftheblocksacceleration. a. b. c. d. e. 2.1m/s 2.3m/s 1.9m/s 1.7m/s

2 2 2 2 2 2

3.2m/a

69.

A4.0kgblockispushedupa36inclinebyaforceofmagnitudePapplied paralleltotheincline.WhenPis31N,itisobservedthattheblockmovesupthe inclinewithaconstantspeed.WhatvalueofPwouldberequiredtolowerthe blockdowntheinclineataconstantspeed? a. b. c. d. e. 27N 15N 13N 17N 19N

70.

A1.8kgblockisreleasedfromrestatthetopofarough30inclinedplane.As theblockslidesdowntheincline,itsaccelerationis3.0m/s downtheincline. Determinethemagnitudeoftheforceoffrictionactingontheblock. a. b. c. d. e. 4.2N 3.0N 3.4N 3.8N 2.3N

2

88CHAPTER 5

71.

A1.8kgblockisprojecteduparough10inclinedplane.Astheblockslidesup theincline,itsaccelerationis3.8m/s downtheincline.Whatisthemagnitudeof theforceoffrictionactingontheblock? a. b. c. d. e. 5.0N 3.8N 4.2N 4.6N 6.5N

2

72.

A2.0kgblockslidesonaroughhorizontalsurface.Aforce(P=6.0N)isapplied totheblockasshown.Themagnitudeoftheblocksaccelerationis1.2m/s . Whatisthemagnitudeoftheforceoffrictionactingontheblock?

2

a. b. c. d. e. 73.

2.0N 1.4N 1.6N 2.8N 3.4N

A3.0kgblockslidesonaroughhorizontalsurface.Aforceof8.0Nacting paralleltothesurfaceisappliedtotheblock.Thecoefficientofkineticfriction betweentheblockandthesurfaceis0.15.Whatisthemagnitudeoftheblocks acceleration? a. b. c. d. e. 1.9m/s 1.2m/s 2.3m/s 1.5m/s 2.9m/s

2 2 2 2 2

The Laws of Motion89

74.

A1.0kgblockispusheduparough22inclinedplanebyaforceof7.0Nacting paralleltotheincline.Theaccelerationoftheblockis1.4m/s uptheincline. Determinethemagnitudeoftheforceoffrictionactingontheblock. a. b. c. d. e. 1.9N 2.2N 1.3N 1.6N 3.3N

2

75.

Inthefigureshown,thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweentheblockandthe inclineis0.29.Whatisthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationofthesuspendedblock asitfalls?Disregardanypulleymassorfrictioninthepulley.

a. b. c. d. e.

5.4m/s 5.2m/s 4.9m/s 5.6m/s 7.9m/s

2 2 2 2 2

90CHAPTER 5

76.

Inthefigureshown,thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweentheblockandthe inclineis0.40.Whatisthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationofthesuspendedblock asitfalls?Disregardanypulleymassorfrictioninthepulley.

a. b. c. d. e. 77.

3.4m/s 3.7m/s 4.2m/s 3.9m/s 5.4m/s

2 2 2 2 2

Thethreeblocksshownarereleasedfromrestandareobservedtomovewith accelerationsthathaveamagnitudeof1.5m/s .Whatisthemagnitudeofthe frictionforceontheblockthatslideshorizontally?Disregardanypulleymassor frictioninthepulleyandletM=2.0kg.

2

a. b. c. d. e.

6.0N 5.1N 5.5N 4.6N 3.7N

The Laws of Motion91

78.

Twoblocksincontactwitheachotherarepushedtotherightacrossarough horizontalsurfacebythetwoforcesshown.Ifthecoefficientofkineticfriction betweeneachoftheblocksandthesurfaceis0.30,determinethemagnitudeof theforceexertedonthe2.0kgblockbythe3.0kgblock.

a. b. c. d. e. 79.

15N 25N 11N 22N 33N

Twoblocksareacceleratedacrossahorizontalfrictionlesssurfaceasshown. Frictionalforceskeepthetwoblocksfromslidingrelativetoeachother,andthe twomovewiththesameacceleration.IfF=1.2NandM=1.0kg,whatisthe horizontalcomponent(frictionalforce)oftheforceofthelargeblockonthesmall block?

a. b. c. d. e.

0.40Ntotheleft 0.80Ntotheright 0.40Ntotheright 0.80Ntotheleft 1.20Ntotheleft

92CHAPTER 5

80.

Thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweenthesurfaceandthelargerblockis0.25, andthecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweenthesurfaceandthesmallerblockis 0.40.IfF=22NandM=1.0kginthefigure,whatisthemagnitudeofthe accelerationofeitherblock?

a. b. c. d. e. 81.

1.8m/s 2.6m/s 1.4m/s 2.2m/s 3.7m/s

2 2 2 2 2

Inthefigure,thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweenthesurfaceandthelarger blockis0.20,andthecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweenthesurfaceandthe smallerblockis0.30.IfF=14NandM=1.0kg,whatisthemagnitudeofthe accelerationofeitherblock?

a. b. c. d. e.

2.0m/s 1.3m/s 1.5m/s 1.8m/s 3.5m/s

2 2 2 2 2

The Laws of Motion93

82.

Twoblocksareacceleratedacrossahorizontalfrictionlesssurfaceasshown. Frictionalforceskeepthetwoblocksfromslidingrelativetoeachother,andthe twomovewiththesameacceleration.IfF=1.2NandM=1.0kg,whatisthe horizontalcomponent(frictionalforce)oftheforceofthesmallblockonthelarge block?

a. b. c. d. e. 83.

0.48Ntotheright 0.72Ntotheright 0.72Ntotheleft 0.48Ntotheleft 0.65Ntotheleft

Twoblocksconnectedbyastringarepulledacrossahorizontalsurfacebya forceappliedtooneoftheblocks,asshown.Thecoefficientofkineticfriction betweentheblocksandthesurfaceis0.25.Ifeachblockhasanaccelerationof 2.0m/s totheright,whatisthemagnitudeFoftheappliedforce?

2

a. b. c. d. e.

25N 18N 11N 14N 7.0N

94CHAPTER 5

84.

Inthefigure,thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweenthesurfaceandthelarger blockis0.20,andthecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweenthesurfaceandthe smallerblockis0.30.IfF=10NandM=1.0kg,whatisthetensioninthe connectingstring?

a. b. c. d. e. 85.

8.0N 6.0N 6.7N 8.7N 3.0N

Thefrictionalforceoftheflooronalargesuitcaseisleastwhenthesuitcaseis a. b. c. d. e. pushedbyaforceparalleltothefloor. draggedbyaforceparalleltothefloor. pulledbyaforcedirectedatanangle abovethefloor. pushedbyaforcedirectedatanangle intothefloor. turnedonitssideandpushedbyaforceparalleltothefloor.

86.

A60kgpersonridesdownanicyhillof20slopewhilestandingona3.0kgflat bottomedbathroomscale.Assumethereisnofrictionalforcebetweenthebottom ofthescaleandthehill.Thestaticfrictionforcethescaleexertsonthepersonis a. b. c. d. e. 0N. 201N. 211N. 553N. 580N.

87.

Achairisplacedonarug.Thenabookisplacedonthechair.Thefloorexertsa normalforce a. b. c. d. e. onallthree. onlyonthebook. onlyontherug. upwardsontheruganddownwardsonthechair. onlyontheobjectsyouhavedefinedtobepartofthesystem.

The Laws of Motion95

88.

Twoidenticalspringswithspringconstant50N/msupporta5.0Nweightasin thepicturebelow.WhatisthetensioninspringA?

a. b. c. d. e. 89.

1.45N 2.50N 2.89N 3.75N 5.00N

Twoidenticalspringswithspringconstant50N/msupporta5.0Nweightasin thepicturebelow.Whatisthechangeinlengthofeachspringwhentheweightis hungonthesprings.?

a. b. c. d. e. 90.

2.9cm 5.0cm 5.8cm 7.5cm 10.0cm

Abookisplacedonachair.Thenavideocassetteisplacedonthebook.Thefloor exertsanormalforce a. b. c. d. e. onallthree. onlyonthebook. onlyonthechair. upwardsonthechairanddownwardsonthebook. onlyontheobjectsthatyouhavedefinedtobepartofthesystem.

96CHAPTER 5

91.

Twobodies,AandB,collideasshowninFiguresaandbbelow.

Whichstatementistrue? a. a. c. d. e. Theyexertequalandoppositeforcesoneachotherin(a)butnotin(b). Theyexertequalandoppositeforceoneachotherin(b)butnotin(a). Theyexertequalandoppositeforceoneachotherinboth(a)and(b). Theforcesareequalandoppositetoeachotherin(a),butonlythe componentsoftheforcesparalleltothevelocitiesareequalin(b). Theforcesareequalandoppositein(a),butonlythecomponentsofthe forcesperpendiculartothevelocitiesareequalin(b)

92.

Youthrowaballupintheairandholdyourhandunderittocatchitwhenit comesdown.Thereasonwhytheballstopsisbecause a. b. c. d. e. yourhandisthere:yourhandexertsnoforceontheball. yourhandexertsaforceontheballperpendiculartoitsvelocity. yourhandexertsaforceontheballinthedirectionofitsvelocity. yourhandexertsaforceontheballinthedirectionoppositetoitsvelocity. yourhandandtheballexertforcesinthesamedirectiononeachother.

93.

Youholdatennisracketinyourhand.Ontopoftheracketyouhavebalanceda ball.Whichstatementistrue? a. b. c. d. e. Theforceofyourhandontheracketandtheforceoftheballontheracket areequalandopposite. Theforceoftheracketonyourhandandtheforceoftheballontheracket areequalandopposite. Theforceofyourhandontheracketandtheforceoftheracketontheball areequalandopposite. Theforceoftheracketonyourhandandtheforceoftheracketontheball areequalandopposite. Theforceofyourhandontheracketandtheforceoftheracketonyour handareequalandopposite.

The Laws of Motion97

94.

Whenyoudragatoyteddybearalongthefloorbyaforcethatisparalleltothe floor,themagnitudeoftheforceoffriction a. b. c. d. e. isindependentofvelocityoracceleration. increaseswhenthevelocityincreases. isproportionaltotheacceleration. decreaseswhentheforceparalleltothefloorincreases. increaseswhentheforceparalleltothefloorincreases.

95.

Inordertojumpoffthefloor,thefloormustexertaforceonyou a. b. c. d. e. inthedirectionofandequaltoyourweight. oppositetoandequaltoyourweight. inthedirectionofandlessthanyourweight. oppositetoandlessthanyourweight. oppositetoandgreaterthanyourweight.

96.

Whenanacrobathangsmotionlessfromapairofrings a. b. c. d. e. shehasnomeasurableweight. herweightdependsontheanglestheropesmakewiththeceiling. herweightisreducedbytheupwardforcetheringsexertonher. herweightisincreasedbytheupwardforcetheringsexertonher. sheexertsagravitationalforceontheEarththatisequaltothesumofthe forcestheringsexertonher.

97.

Threeboxesslideonafrictionlesshorizontalsurfacewhenpulledbyaforceof magnitudeF.Whenwecomparethetensions T1 and T2 withtheforceF,we findthat

a. b. c. d. e.

T1 = T2 = F . T1 = F > T2 . F > T1 = T2 . F > T1 > T2 . F T1 < T1 T2 .

98CHAPTER 5

98.

Threeboxesarepushedacrossafrictionlesshorizontalsurfaceasshown.When N wecomparethenormalforce 2 ,5 thatmass2mexertsonmass5mwiththe N normalforce 5 ,10 thatmass5mexertsonmass10m,wefindthat

a. b. c. d. e. 99.

N 2 , 5 = N 5 ,10 = F . N 2 , 5 = F > N 5 ,10 . F > N 2 , 5 = N 5 ,10 . F > N 2 , 5 > N 5 ,10 . F > N 5 ,10 > N 2 , 5 .

2 g 5 0 ) 0 Giventheequation ( .0k .0

m 2.0 0 ,whichansweror 0 =00 N 1.0N 2 s

answersprovides(s)thebestdescriptionofapossiblephysicalsituation? a. b. c. d. e. A20.00Ntensionpullsa2.00kgmass.The2.00kgmasspullsanother 2.00kgmass. A20.00Ntensionpushesa2.00kgmass.The2.00kgmasspushesanother 2.00kgmass. A2.00kgmassonaflatsurfaceisactedonbygravitywhileanother2.00kg masssitsontopofit. Allofthesituationsabovearepossible. Only(a)and(b)abovearepossible.

3 g)5 0 8 100. Giventheequation ( .0k .8

a. b. c. d. e.

m m =3 g 9 0 ) 8 . k 2g 0) ( .0k .0 2 (0 2 s s

m 5 8 .8 2 , s

whichanswer providesthebestdescriptionofapossiblephysicalsituation? A3.00kgmassissuspendedfromtheceiling. A2.00kgmasshangingoverapulleydragsa3.00kgmassalonga frictionlesshorizontalsurface. A3.00kgmasshangingoverapulleydragsa2.00kgmassalonga frictionlesshorizontalsurface. A3.00kgmasshangingoverapulleydragsa5.00kgmassalonga frictionlesshorizontalsurface. A5.00kgmasshangingoverapulleydragsa3.00kgmassalonga frictionlesshorizontalsurface.

The Laws of Motion99

101.

Twoexperimentsareperformed.In(A),an18.0Nforcepusheshorizontallyona 2.00kgblockthatthenpushesona4.00kgblock.In(B),an18.0Nforcepushes ona4.00kgblockthatthenpushesona2.00kgblock.Whichstatementis correct? a. b. c. d. e. Theaccelerationis3.00m/s2inboth(A)and(B). Theaccelerationis4.50m/s2inboth(A)and(B). Theaccelerationis6.00m/s2inboth(A)and(B). Theaccelerationis9.00m/s2inboth(A)and(B). The2.00kgblockhasa9.00m/s2acceleration.The4.00kgblockhasa 4.50m/s2acceleration.

102.

Acatcherarrangestocatchabaseballdroppedfromaheight50mabovehis glove.However,hisfriendssubstituteasoft250gredgrapefruit,sothatitwill smashapartwhenhecatchesit.Hisglovestopsthegrapefruitin0.010s.What forcedoesthegloveexertonthegrapefruit? a. b. c. d. e. 0.0783N 783N 2,450N 24,500N 78,300N

103.

Jeanismovingtwoboxesdownthehalltowardsherdormroom.Thesmaller box,of80Nweight,isinfrontofthelargerbox,of160Nweight.Shefindsthat sheispushingonthelargerboxwithan84Nforce.Jimmytellsherthatmeans thatsheisalsopushingonthesmallerboxwithan84Nforce.ClaratellsJimmy thatheiswrong,becausetheforceisdividedbetweenthetwoboxesin proportiontotheirweightsaslongastheyhaveequalcoefficientsofkinetic friction.Whichone,ifeither,iscorrect,ClaraorJimmy? a. b. c. d. e. Jimmyiscorrectbecausethelargerboxtransmitstheforcetothesmaller box. JimmyiscorrectbecauseJeanispushingthelargerboxandthe84Nforce pushesthesmallerbox. Claraiscorrectbecausetheappliedforcepushesthetotalmassofboth boxes. Claraiscorrectbecauseanappliedforceononeofanytwobodiesalways actsonthebodiesina2:1ratio. Neitheriscorrectbecausewecannotcalculatetheforcesontheindividual boxes.

100CHAPTER 5

104.

A2.30kgmassissuspendedfromtheceilinganda1.70kgmassissuspended

fromthe2.30kgmass,asshown.Thetensionsinthestringsarelabeled T 1 and T 2 .Ahandexertsanupwardforceof6.70Nonthe1.70kgmass.Themagnitudes ofthetensionsare a. b. c. d. e.

T 1. NT 1 0 . = 8 ; 2= . N 0 1 5 T 1. NT 1 7 . = 8 ; 2= . N 6 1 5 T 2. NT 1 0 . = 5 ; 2= . N 0 1 2 T 2. NT 1 7 . = 5 ; 2= . N 6 1 2 T 3 5 ; T 1 0 . = . =. 1 2 N 2 0 N

T1 1 2 T 2

r r

The Laws of Motion101

105.

A2.30kgmassissuspendedfromtheceilinganda1.70kgmassissuspended

fromthe2.30kgmass,asshown.Thetensionsinthestringsarelabeled T 1 and T 2 .Thestringsupportingthe1.70kgmassiscut.Themagnitudesofthetensionin string1beforeandafterstring2iscutare a. b. c. d. e. 106.

5 N 8 T= . NT =.0 . 2 ,f 1 , i 2 5 ; 1 5 N 8 T= . NT =.0 . 9 ,f 1 , i 3 2 ; 1 25 . 2 T= . NT = . N 2 ,f 1 , i 2 5 ; 1 25 . 2 T= . NT = . N 9 ,f 1 , i 3 2 ; 1 32 . 9 T= . NT = . N 9 ,f 1 , i 3 2 ; 1

T1 1 2 T 2

r r

00inclineandconnectedtoanotherblockona A6.00kgblockisplacedona 3. 3.7 incline.Althoughthesurfacesarefrictionlesstheblocksdonotmove. 68 68 Whatisthemassinkilogramsoftheblockonthe 3.7 incline?

6.00kg a. b. c. d. e. 107. 1.80 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

m=?

A4.00kgblockissuspendedfromtheroofofanelevator.A2.00kgblockis

suspendedfromthe4.00kgblock.Thetensionsinstrings1and2arelabeled T1 and T 2 .Whentheelevatoracceleratesupwardswithanaccelerationof2.20m/s2, themagnitudesof T 1 and T 2 are a. c. d. e. 108. 30.4N;15.2N. 39.2N;19.6N. 45.6N;15.2N. 48.0N;24.0N. 72.0N;24.0N b.

T1 T 2

A4.00kgblockissuspendedfromtheroofofanelevator.A2.00kgblockis

suspendedfromthe4.00kgblock.Thetensionsinstrings1and2arelabeled T1 and T 2 .Whentheelevatoracceleratesdownwardswithanaccelerationof2.20 m/s2,themagnitudesof T1 and T 2 are a. 30.4N;15.2N. 39.2N;19.6N. b.

T1

102CHAPTER 5

c. d. e. 109.

45.6N;15.2N. 48.0N;24.0N. 72.0N;24.0N

T 2

AlineandCharliearearguingastowhetherornotitispossibleinprinciplefor anelevatortohaveanaccelerationofmagnitudegreaterthang.Inthecourseof theirdiscussiontheycomeupwiththestatementsbelow.Whichoneiscorrect? a. b. c. d. e. No,becauseonce | a |reachesg,theelevatorisinfreefall. No,becauseanaccelerationgreaterthangisnotpossible. Yesbecauseitcanreachanaccelerationgreaterthangwhenthecable breaks. Yes,becauseitcanreachanaccelerationgreaterthangifthemotorisstrong enough. No,becauseitcannotexceeditsterminalacceleration.

Open-Ended Problems
110. Ahighdiverofmass70kgjumpsoffaboard10mabovethewater.If,2safter enteringthewaterhisdownwardmotionisstopped,whataverageupwardforce didthewaterexertonhim? A2000kgsailboatexperiencesaneastwardforceof3000Nbytheoceantideand awindforceagainstitssailsofmagnitude6000Ndirectedtowardthenorthwest (45NofW).Whatisthemagnitudeanddirectionoftheresultantacceleration? Aboxisdroppedontoaconveyorbeltmovingat2m/s.Ifthecoefficientof frictionbetweentheboxandthebeltis0.3,howlongbeforetheboxmoves withoutslipping?

111.

112.

The Laws of Motion103

104CHAPTER 5

Chapter 5 The Laws of Motion

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. d c e c d d c a c b c b c a b b a b b c d c c d a 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. c d c d e c d e d c b c c d c b b b b a c a b c d

The Laws of Motion105

51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79.

b d c b b d c d d c a a c b d b a d b c b d b a c a d d c

80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.

c b b a b c a d c c c c d

106CHAPTER 5

93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112.

e a e e d d e c a b c e d d e b d 1180N 2.2m/s at74NofW 0.7s

2